Paints PDF

Vehicle Body Engineering
Vehicle Body Materials - Paints

Department of Automobile Engineering
T.Veeramahantesh Swamy
Professor & HOD
Index

History of Automotive Finishing

Basic composition of paint
Types of paint
Materials used in refinishing
Painting process
Painting booths
Painting styles
History of Automobile Painting

Cellulose lacquer was the first solution to mass painting by spraying as

it quickly dries up.
More number coats were needed to achieve good thickness. (Time)
1935 came cellulose-lacquer paints combined with synthetic materials

which dried after 30 minutes and had better build qualities.
Thermosetting paints came during 3rd World war which needed to dried
at elevated temperatures.
Then came priming paints, which improved the finish of painting

process.
1963 saw the acrylic paints come to market with stoving finish, good
colour stability and durability.
Next came electro-deposition of priming paints and thickness applied

depends on electrical potential applied.

Pigments: Fine solid particles which do not dissolve in the binder.

They give colour and /or body to the paint. Some pigments
provide excellent corrosion resistant properties and are used to
provide the substrate.
Binders: Reacts to form a film and binds the pigments together

and to the surface. Normally it is referred as medium of the paint.
Thinner: Some of the liquid of the paint is often withheld from the
paint container and supplied separately as a thinner. This is
added to adjust the viscosity to suit the requirements.
Additives: Small quantities added to carry out special jobs. Wax

in varnish creates matt finish, silicones in metallic paint give
hammer finish.

Paint
Pigment
Coloured
pigment
Extender
pigments
Binder
Film former
Polymer or
reactive
chemical
plasticizer
Thinner Additives
Solvent-diluent
Thickners,
Flow agents,
Matting agents,
Accelrators,
catalysts,
Inhibitors,
Anti-oxidants
Types of paint
Cellulose synthetic dries by evaporation of solvent air drying. Dries rapidly if

thickness is small. Results in shrinkage causing poor adhesion.
Oil paints dries based on solvent oil by chemical reaction with oxygen in
atmosphere, confined to thin films only.
Synthetic paints mixtures of drying oil and synthetic resins. Resins improve the
properties to provide tough and glossy coatings.
Stoving paints mixtures of oils and resins which need higher temperatures for
curing.( 60 min for 138C and 10 min for 205C)
Blacking paints this is cheap black paint used for chassis based on bitumen.
Good adhesive properties and good rust inhibitor.
Two-pack paints consist base material and catalyst or activator. When mixed
chemical reaction takes place resulting complete polymerization. Two-pack (or
2K) paints have limited shelf life after mixing but after curing they can equal
stoving paints in hardness and durability.
Painting Process Terms

1. Primer: this is the first coat of paint on any surface. Function is to get maximum adhesion to the
substrate, to provide a sound base for subsequent coatings and on metals it acts as
corrosion inhibitor.
2. Fillers and levellers:
Surfacer it is applied over the primer and its function is to fill minor defects such as scratches.
Filler This is heavy bodied material used for levelling surface economically.
Stopper it is putty-like material used for filling up defects too deep.
3. Sealers: three types: standard, isolator and bleed inhibitors used by refinisher. These are
applied over the final coat of surfacer to provide hold-out of the finishing material and
promote higher gloss.
4. Finish: term used to describe the finishing colour coats.
5. Abrasive papers: wet-or-dry paper with silicone carbide and aluminium oxide to rubbing
surfaces.
6. Masking: This is paper available in various widths, one side of which is coated with adhesive of
a non-drying composition.
7. Burnishing: these are emulsions of mineral oils and water with the addition of emulsifying
agents. They also contain mild abrasives to cut down the final coat of enamel and promote
good luster.
How to correctly apply filler
Correct sanding technique
Effective and thorough masking
Correct paint application
Wet and dry sanding plus what grade you

must use
Careful trim replacement
Painting preparation process

The process of painting an automobile is daunting. In order to ensure that the paint
adheres to the automobile and retains its luster over long periods of time, there are
precise techniques that must be used. Of course, there are variations, but generally
the process begins with removing the rust from the car body.
Completely remove the rust from the automobile by sanding the body. Sand the
door faces, and use a grinder to remove the rust from the floor pans and the quarter
panels. Once the oxidation process has begun, it will continue unless all of the rust
is removed, so getting all of it off the body is essential.
Chemical neutralizers are available, but they should only be used after the majority
of the rust is already gone.
The pits left by the rust removal process should be filled. Using body filler is
necessary during the straightening process to ensure that the panel looks as it
should. Spread the filler into the cracks, and allow it to dry.
Sand it down and check for straightness. Repeat the process until the body panels
are aligned properly. Once the panel is straight, it needs to be sanded, by hand if
possible, to ensure that the body filler will properly take paint. Use a sanding block
to ensure that finger grooves aren't left in the surface of the panel
Paint selection
Vehicle paint quality varies widely. There are

inexpensive paints available, but their quality and
the number of available colors is limited.
Modern paints contain chemicals that bond to and
protect the underlying metal of the body, but more
expensive paints are much better at this.
Generally, the more expensive the paint used, the
better it will be at both protecting the underlying
metal and lasting for the life of the vehicle.
Painting process

The single stage paint process is typically used when budget is a primary
concern, since it requires less money and time to implement than its dualstage counterpart.
The dual-stage paint system, however, is the system used on all new
vehicles before they leave the factory, and it is the process in which a
clear coat is applied over the finished paintwork.
Tape the car, using paint and a non-porous paper product, such as
butcher's paper. Tape the paper over the headlights, all windows, and the
tires.
Use a professional-grade car preparatory cleaner, then dry the car using a
tack cloth.
Put on safety glasses, and mix your chosen paint according to the
directions on the package. Use a measuring cup designed for paint, and
double-check your proportions to ensure accuracy.
Once the paint is mixed, move the car into a paint booth if available. If
there is no paint booth, ensure that you're working in a well-ventilated area
with minimal breeze.
Painting in a paint booth

Working outside isn't recommended, as the slightest breeze may cause

wasted paint and horrendous overspray.
Using a High Velocity -- Low Pressure paint gun will give the best results,
though can-style paint guns can work very well in experienced hands.
The instructions provided by the manufacturer will provide the appropriate
time between coats, so that ensuring even coverage is easy.
Begin applying the paint, and carefully watch for overspray and pooling.
Overspray will cause stippling on the later paint applications, and too much
paint on a given area will cause problems, as well.
Applying too much paint to a given area will cause the paint to run, leaving
streaks in the paint.
The number of coats will vary based upon the paint used; always follow
instructions precisely.
Post-Paint

It's important to sand the paint job very well after the paint
application.
After the paint has dried and properly cured, use a very fine
sandpaper like a 2000-grit, to wet sand the paint job.
After the sanding, buff the paint using a random-orbit buffer, and
then wash and wash the car. You can apply as many coats of wax
as you like, but always wait until the paint is fully cured before
attempting to do so.
The sanding process isn't essential after the paint is applied, but it
will help the paint turn out a deeper color and more luster.
Read more: Auto Painting Process | eHow.com
http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5135143_auto-paintingprocess.html#ixzz0xPoKq8HR
Good painting
reduces the skin friction drag.
provides an asthetic appeal.
Creates brand value.
Painting booth
Painting booth
Painting booth
Waterborne paints
A decade ago, waterborne paint was seen as

a great way to reduce emissions from
assembly plants. But now the industry seems
to having second thoughts.
Painting cars requires a lot of paint solvents,
and they give off a lot of emissions. Its what
they call volatile organic compounds, or
VOCs. Thats why the industry got interested
in water-based paints as a way to cut down
on emissions from their painting operations.
Waterborne paints
Rust proofing

The principle of rust proofing is to prevent the atmospheric and

corrosive substances from attacking the metal of the car body by
applying an permeable layer to the metal.
It is a layer of a penetrant or a sealant.
Various anti-rust corrosion compounds include heavy-duty waxes
and sealants for wings, wheel arches and underneath the
vehicle.
These compounds are waxes and inhibitors dissolved in a
solvent.
They are applied as liquid but solidify as the solvent evaporates.
For ease of application make sure the materials and vehicle to be
treated are at room temperature (about 15 C), which is
particularly important in winter.
Painting Styles

Paints PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Paints PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Paints PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Vehicle Body Engineering

Vehicle Body Materials - Paints

History of Automotive Finishing

History of Automobile Painting

Cellulose lacquer was the first solution to mass painting by spraying as

More number coats were needed to achieve good thickness. (Time)

1935 came cellulose-lacquer paints combined with synthetic materials

Then came priming paints, which improved the finish of painting

Next came electro-deposition of priming paints and thickness applied

Basic composition of paint

Pigments: Fine solid particles which do not dissolve in the binder.

Binders: Reacts to form a film and binds the pigments together

Additives: Small quantities added to carry out special jobs. Wax

Basic composition of paint

Cellulose synthetic dries by evaporation of solvent air drying. Dries rapidly if

Painting Process Terms

How to correctly apply filler

Correct sanding technique

Effective and thorough masking

Correct paint application

Wet and dry sanding plus what grade you

Careful trim replacement

Painting preparation process

Vehicle paint quality varies widely. There are

Painting in a paint booth

Working outside isn't recommended, as the slightest breeze may cause

A decade ago, waterborne paint was seen as

The principle of rust proofing is to prevent the atmospheric and

You might also like