6 Z 11 y X 3 6 Z y X) E (: 1976 A-Level Pure Mathematics Paper I
6 Z 11 y X 3 6 Z y X) E (: 1976 A-Level Pure Mathematics Paper I
6 Z 11 y X 3 6 Z y X) E (: 1976 A-Level Pure Mathematics Paper I
x y z 6
3x y 11z 6
2 x y pz q
(E )
in x , y , z has a unique
x y z 6
3x py 11z 6
2 x y pz q
(E )
solution.
in x , y , z has a unique
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3
7
9
1
)(1 cos
)(1 cos
)(1 cos
)
.
10
10
10
10
16
3
1
sin
.
10
10
4
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3. (a)A student taking examinations in mathematics, English, physics and philosophy estimates that the
probabilities of his getting a grade A in these subjects are respectively 0.1, 0.5, 0.3, 0.7. Assume that
the gradings of the subjects are independent of each other. Find the probability that the student receives
(i) no A's, and
(ii) exactly one A.
(b) A box contains 40 balls in 4 different colours. There are 10 balls in each colour and they are marked
from 1 to 10. If 5 balls are taken from the box, find
(i) the probability p1 that all 5 balls are of the same colour,
(ii) the probability p 2 that exactly 3 balls are marked with the same number, and
(iii) the ratio p 1 : p 2 .
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4.
Let p
(p
2p
A 1
0
p2
0
Let
x 0 0 and
(a)
Prove that
( n 1) p n
n 1
np
0
xn
np n 1
( n 1) p
0
x n 1
1
integers n.
(b)
Let
y 0 a , y 1 b
and
yn1 yn
yn A yn1
1 1
1np n 1 ( n 1) p n
(1p ) 2
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5. (a) Let f (x) be a polynomial with real coefficients, f ' (x) its derivative and r a real number. Prove that
f (x) has r as a multiple root if and only if f (r) = f ' (r) = 0.
(b) f (x) and g (x) are polynomials with real coefficients without multiple roots , and f (x) , g (x) has
no common root. Let
F (x) = f (x) g (x) k where k is a positive integer greater than 1.
(i) Show that if F (x) and F ' (x) are expressed in the form
F (x) = g (x) k 1 P (x) , F '(x) = g (x) k 1 Q (x) ,
then P (x) and Q (x) are polynomials having no common roots.
[ You may assume that (a) holds when r is a complex number. ]
(ii) Show that g (x) is a greatest common factor of the polynomials P (x) and Q (x) - k P ' (x) , i. e.
that g (x) is a factor of both polynomials and every common factor of the two polynomials is a
factor of
g (x).
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6. (a) Let x be a non-zero real number greater than - 1. Prove by induction that for any integer n greater
than 1,
( 1 + x ) n > 1 + nx
(b) Let t be any fixed positive number. Consider the sequence
a 1,a
,..., a
,...where a
t ,the positive
n-th root of t.
(i) Let t > 1. Show that
Putting
t 1 .
t 1 x
t 1
n
lim a
n
for
n 2 .
1
.
a n 1.
(ii) Show that for all t > 0, lim
n
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a k and b k
integer, and
the coefficients
n
n 2
x
in (1 x )
and (1 x )
respectively.
0 k
n 2
(a) Show
that,
for
b k 2 a k 2a k 1 a k 2 .
7. Let
be
positive
of
n
( 1) k a k
n!
k 0
x ( x 1)...( x n )
xk
( 1) k a k
k 0 ( x k )( x k 1)( x k 2)
2x (
n
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8.
Let R be the set of all real numbers and M the set of all 2 x 2 real matrices. A mapping f: R M is
defined by
for all
cos sin
f()
sin cos
R}
of R under f.
(a) Show that f ( ) f ()f () for all , R . Hence or otherwise, show that X forms a
commutative group under the usual multiplication of matrices.
(b) Let ~ be the relation in R defined by ~ if and only if is a multiple of 2.
Show that
(i) ~ is an equivalence relation.
(ii) f () f () if and only if ~ .
(iii) the mapping F : R/~ X defined by F(/~) = f() is bijective.
[Here /~ denotes the equivalence class of and R/~ denotes the set of equivalence classes.]
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(a) Let a i x b i yc i = 0 (i = 1, 2, 3) be three distinct straight lines which are not all parallel.
Show that the three lines are concurrent if and only if
a 1 b 1 c1
a 2 b2 c2 0 .
a 3 b3 c3
(b)Find the equation of the normal to the parabola y 2 = 4ax at the point ( at 2 , 2at). A circle with
centre (p, q) passes through the origin and meets the parabola again at three different points with
parametric values t 1 , t 2 , t 3 .
Show that
at i
2pt i 4at i 4q
2. Let u = ( x y l ),
x 0 1 0
u' = y , E 1 0 0
l 0 0 1
zero.
(a) For any constants p and q, show that the equation
vu '
vEu '
p
q
ax
as
represent a pair
.]
a h g
A h b f
g f c
(ii) If
P1 ( x 1 , y1 ) , P2 ( x 2 , y 2 )
and u 1
(x1
y1
1) , u
(x
.
(iii) Assume that the tangents to at P
exists . Show that the equation of the
1
tangent is u 1 A u ' 0 , and the equation of the normal to
at P
is
1
u 1 AEu ' u 1 AEu 1 ' .
[ You may assume that u 1Au ' uAu1 ' . ]
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3. (a) By using a definite integral , show that the volume of a right circular cone of height h , whose base
is a circle of radius r ,is
(b)
4.
1 2
r h .
3
A container in the shape of a right circular cone is formed by removing a sector from a circular
disc of radius R and joining the straight edges of the remaining portion . For a fixed R , find the
maximum capacity of the container.
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(0)
(x) f (x)
and
d f (x)
for any positive integer k . Show that
dx k
( x 2 1)f ( 2 ) ( x ) 2( n 1) x f (1) ( x ) 2n f ( x )0.
Pn ' ( x )
dn
( x 2 1) n ,
dx n
dPn ( x )
and
dx
Pn " ( x
d
[( x 2 1){Pm ( x ) Pn ' ( x ) Pn ( x ) Pm ' ( x )}]{n ( n 1) m( m 1)}Pm ( x ) Pn ( x ) 0.
dx
n m,
Pn ( x ) Pm ( x ) dx 0.
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5. (a) Show that , for any positive constant c , if the function f(x) satisfies f(x) = f(x + 2c) for all x , then
f ( x )dx
2 c
2c
f ( x ) dx
f ( x ) dx
c a
c a
f ( x ) dx
(b) Let the function g(x) satisfy g(x) = g(-x) for all x . Show that for any positive integer m ,
g ( x ) cosmx dx 2
g ( x ) cosmx dx
(c) Let g(x) be a function such that g(x) = g(x+ ) for all x , and g(x) =
x
for x [ 0, ]
g(x) = g(x+2 ) and g(x) = g(-x) for all x. Using (a) and (b) or otherwise , show that for any
positive integer m ,
g ( x ) cosmxdx
0 if m is odd or m is a multiple of
8
m 2 otherwise.
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2
0
1.3.5...( 2 k 1)
sin 2 k x dx
2.4.6...( 2k ) 2
2
0
sin 2 k 1 x dx
2.4.6...( 2k )
.
3.5.7...( 2k 1)
2.4.6...( 2k )
1
)2
}
1.3.5...( 2k 1)
k
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xp
are respectively
1
and
p 1
1
.
2
(iii) f p ( x ) f p ( x 1) x
p
p
p
(iv) if n is any positive integer , f p ( n ) 1 2 ... n . Hence express
1p 2 p ... n p as a polynomial in n for p = 1, 2 , 3 .
[ Hint : Use induction in (ii) and (iii) . ]
p
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x (0,) ,
sin ( n 12 ) x sin 12 x
cos kx
k 1
2 sin 12 x
n
Sn ( x )
k 1
sin kx
,
k
x [0,].
x 0 (0,)
and S n ' ( x 0 ) 0 ,
then
sin ( n
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