Ch06b Functions of Combinational Logic PDF

Digital Design
Lecture 8
FUNCTIONS OF COMBINATIONAL LOGIC

(DECODER & MUX EXPANSION)
Dr. PO Kimtho
Department of Computer Sciences
Norton University (NU)
Topic Outlines
Encoder
Decoder
Multiplexers (MUX)
Demultiplexers (DEMUX)
Topic Outlines
Encoder
Decoder
Multiplexers (MUX)
Decoders Expansion
When a certain decoder size is needed, but only smaller
number of sizes is available.
Combine 2 or more decoders in a hierarchy, i.e. cascade the
smaller decoders to form a larger decoder size.
Decoder Expansion
Example:
A 3-to-8 Decoder Constructed with Two 2-to-4 Decoders
Decoder Expansion
The Operation
The MSB input, A2, functions:
As enable, EN, of one decoder
As its complement, EN to the other decoder
When A2=0,
Top decoder enabled Generates minterms D0 to D3.

Lower decoder disabled Outputs equal to 0.
When A2=1,
Top decoder disabled Outputs equal to 0.

Lower decoder enabled Generates minterms D4 to D7.
Decoder Expansion
The function of EN input
Very useful and convenient way to interconnect 2 or
more functional blocks
For the purpose of expanding digital functions into:
Similar functions with more inputs

outputs.
and
Decoder Expansion
Example:
Implementing a Binary Adder Using a Decoder
For an addition of X, Y, and Z (as Cin), the S and Cout
expression are as follows:
S(X,Y,Z) = m (1, 2, 4, 7)
C(X,Y,Z) = m (3, 5, 6, 7)
So, there are 3 inputs and 8 minterms

Use a 3-to-8 decoder.
Decoder Expansion
Implementing a Binary Adder Using a Decoder
- The logic circuit
Multiplexers (MUX)
MUX is a device that allows
digital information from
several sources to be routed
onto a single line for
transmission
It is made up of several datainput lines and a single output
line. It also has data-select
inputs which permits digital
data on any one of the inputs
to be switched to the output
line.
MUX is also known as data
selectors
n select
inputs
1 data
output
2n data
inputs
Logic symbol for a 4-input

multiplexer (4:1 MUX)
Multiplexers (MUX)
2:1 MUX
Data selector
SELECT input code determines
which input is transmitted to
output Z.
Multiplexers (MUX)
4:1 MUX
DATA-SELECT
INPUTS
2 data-select lines means that

any one of the 4 data-input lines
can be selected
D0
D1
D2
D0
D1
D3
D3 S
1
4-to-1 Z
D2 MUX
S0
INPUT
SELECTED
S0
S1
D0
D1
D2
D3
S1 S0
If a binary 0 (S0=0 and S1=0) is applied to the data-select lines,
the data on input D0 appear on the data-output line
Multiplexers (MUX)
4:1 MUX
Logic diagram
for 4:1 MUX
Total expression for the data output is:
Y D0 S1 S 0 D1 S1 S 0 D2 S1 S 0 D3 S1 S 0
Multiplexers (MUX)
Question 3
Construct an 8:1 multiplexer using block diagram.
8 input lines means there must be 3 data select lines.
Multiplexers (MUX)
Another design option for 8:1 mux
Using construction of larger multiplexers from smaller ones.
16-to-1 MUX: 74150
8-to-1-Line Multiplexer
16-to-1-Line Multiplexer
Multiplexers (MUX)
Implementing a Boolean Function with a MUX
A multiplexer is basically a decoder that includes the OR
gate within the block.
To implement a Boolean function of n variables with a
mux having n selection inputs and 2n data inputs, one for
each minterm.
The minterms are generated in a mux by the circuit associated
with the selection inputs.
Individual minterms can be selected by the data inputs.
Multiplexers (MUX)
Another method (more efficient way)
Implementing a Boolean function of n variables with a mux
having only n-1 selection inputs and 2n-1 data inputs.
Multiplexers (MUX)
General procedure:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Produce Truth Table for Boolean function.

The first n-1 variables are applied to the selection inputs of
the mux.
The remaining single variable of the function is used for the
data input.
For each combination of the selection variables, we
evaluate the output as a function of the last variable, i.e. a
0, 1, the variable or its complement.
These values are then applied to the data inputs in the
proper order.
Multiplexers (MUX)
Example
Implement F (X,Y,Z) = m (1, 2, 6, 7) using
4:1 MUX
Multiplexers (MUX)
Example
Implement F (A, B, C, D) = m (1, 3, 4, 11,
12, 13, 14, 15) using 8:1 MUX
MUX Application Example
74157- consists of four

separate 2-input multiplexers
Content-selector Display
DEMUX reverse the multiplexing functions
It takes digital information from one line and distributes it
to a given number of output lines
DEMUX is also known as data distributor
1 data
input
2n data
outputs
n select
inputs
1-line to 4-line DEMUX
Data input is transmitted to

only one of the outputs as
determined by the select
input code.
1-line-to-8-line multiplexer
1:4 DEMUX
The expression of every output
Question 4:
Construct a 1:4 DEMUX using block diagram. Show the
equivalent Truth-Table.
I0
1 -4
DEMUX
Q0
Q1
Q2
Q3
S 1 S 0 Block diagram
S1
S0
I0
Q0
Truth-table
S1 S0
I1 Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0
Q1
Q2
Q3
Logic circuit
Mux-Demux Application: Example
This enables sharing a single communication line

among a number of devices.
At any time, only one source and one destination
can use the communication line.
Solve this..
Design the following:
16-line-to-4-line encoder using the 8-line-to-3-line
encoder in cascade
A 4:1 MUX using 2:1 MUXes
A 8:1 MUX using 4:1 MUXes
A 1:4 DeMUX using 1:2 DeMUX
A 1:8 DeMUX using 1:4 DeMUX

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Digital Design

FUNCTIONS OF COMBINATIONAL LOGIC

A 3-to-8 Decoder Constructed with Two 2-to-4 Decoders

Top decoder enabled Generates minterms D0 to D3.

Top decoder disabled Outputs equal to 0.

Similar functions with more inputs

So, there are 3 inputs and 8 minterms

Logic symbol for a 4-input

2 data-select lines means that

Total expression for the data output is:

8 input lines means there must be 3 data select lines.

16-to-1 MUX: 74150

Produce Truth Table for Boolean function.

MUX Application Example

74157- consists of four

1-line to 4-line DEMUX

Data input is transmitted to

The expression of every output

Mux-Demux Application: Example

This enables sharing a single communication line

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