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    AENG 65 III Infiltration

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    Rommell Bacos
    This document discusses concepts related to infiltration and percolation of water into soil including definitions, factors that influence rates, and methods to measure infiltration directly. It provides the Darcy equation to calculate flow through saturated soil and Horton's equation which models how infiltration capacity decreases over time as the soil pores fill with water. Measurement methods like the double ring infiltrometer are described.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    AENG 65 III Infiltration

    Uploaded by

    Rommell Bacos
    160 views9 pages
    This document discusses concepts related to infiltration and percolation of water into soil including definitions, factors that influence rates, and methods to measure infiltration directly. It provides the Darcy equation to calculate flow through saturated soil and Horton's equation which models how infiltration capacity decreases over time as the soil pores fill with water. Measurement methods like the double ring infiltrometer are described.

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    This document discusses concepts related to infiltration and percolation of water into soil including definitions, factors that influence rates, and methods to measure infiltration directly. It provides the Darcy equation to calculate flow through saturated soil and Horton's equation which models how infiltration capacity decreases over time as the soil pores fill with water. Measurement methods like the double ring infiltrometer are described.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    160 views9 pages

    AENG 65 III Infiltration

    Uploaded by

    Rommell Bacos
    This document discusses concepts related to infiltration and percolation of water into soil including definitions, factors that influence rates, and methods to measure infiltration directly. It provides the Darcy equation to calculate flow through saturated soil and Horton's equation which models how infiltration capacity decreases over time as the soil pores fill with water. Measurement methods like the double ring infiltrometer are described.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 9

    7/7/2014

    Engr. Kelvin Michael A. Crystal


    Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering
    College of Engineering and Information Technology
    Cavite State University
    Indang, Cavite

    Infiltration - passage of water into the soil


    surface
    Percolation movement of water through the
    soil profile
    Infiltration rate infiltration per unit time;
    expressed in volume per unit time per unit
    area or depth per unit time
    Hydraulic conductivity velocity of flow
    caused by a unit gradient; flow through soils
    in any direction
    Permeability used interchangeably with
    hydraulic conductivity

    7/7/2014

    Water conservation
    Reduced soil erosion by runoff
    Irrigation (manner of application)
    Critical and maximum depth
    determination in water reservoir
    design

    1. Soil soil texture, soil structure; the


    larger the pore size and the greater
    the continuity of the pores, the greater
    is the infiltration rate
    surface sealing or puddling of soil
    formation of a thin compact layer on the
    surface as a result of severe breakdown of
    soil structure caused by the beating action
    of raindrops and flow of water over the
    surface

    7/7/2014

    2. Vegetation reduces surface sealing;


    has greater effect on infiltration than
    soil type and texture
    3. Antecedent moisture condition
    high antecedent moisture condition
    causes reduction in pore space and
    rate of water movement

    4. Use of soil additives chemicals that


    improve the soil structure hence
    increase infiltration; other chemicals
    cause soil particles to swell and to
    become hydrophilic hence reduce
    infiltration

    7/7/2014

    Darcy equation (For one-dimensional flow of


    water through a saturated homogeneous soil)

    Q = k h A/L
    Where: Q = flow rate (L3/T)
    K = hydraulic conductivity (L/T)
    h = head or potential causing flow (L)
    A = cross-sectional area of flow (L2)
    L = length of the flow path (L)

    In case of heterogeneous soil (2 layers):

    L
    K = ------------------L1/K1 + L2/K2

    7/7/2014

    Direct measurement involves direct


    measurement of water applied and water
    flowing from the field
    1. Double Ring Infiltrometer Method
    Provides for a buffer pond to minimize the effect
    of radial flow
    Cylinders are carefully driven into the soil to a
    depth of about 15 cm; water is added to the
    cylinder and allowed to pond carefully so as not
    to puddle the soil; water levels in both cylinders
    are maintained equal; recession rate of water
    level in inner cylinder is recorded.

    Installation of cylinders
    Maintaining the water level
    in the cylinders

    7/7/2014

    Other Methods
    Ponding
    Furrows
    Rainfall or sprinkler
    Note: Infiltration is computed by assuming it to equal
    the difference between water applied and
    measured surface runoff

    7/7/2014

    The infiltration capacity at the onset of


    infiltration is high. S the soil pores fill
    with water as surface sealing takes
    place, the rate of water intake
    gradually decreases. It then normally
    approaches a constant value which
    may be taken as the infiltration rate of
    the soil.

    7/7/2014

    Hortons Equation

    f = fc + (fo fc) e-kt


    Where:

    f = infiltration capacity or the maximum rate at


    which soil under a given can take water
    through its surface (L/T)
    fc = the constant infiltration capacity as t
    approaches infinity (L/T)
    fo = infiltration capacity at the onset of infiltration
    (L/T)
    k = a positive constant for a given soil and initial
    condition
    t = time (T)

    Sample Problem
    Assuming that the Horton infiltration is
    valid, determine the constant
    infiltration rate if fo = 50 mm/hr, f at 10
    min is 13 mm/hr, and k = 12.9. What is
    the infiltration rate at 20 min?

    7/7/2014

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