Value Stream Mapping

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 40
At a glance
Powered by AI
The key takeaways are that value stream mapping is a tool used to visualize and improve the flow of value in a process. It is used to identify waste, plan its elimination, and improve process flow. Value stream mapping is important because it provides a holistic view of processes to strengthen improvements and connect isolated events. The basic elements of a value stream map include the current state, ideal state, and future state maps.

Value stream mapping is used to provide optimum value to customers through complete value creation processes with minimum waste in design, build, sustain, and service phases of a product. It allows organizations to see and plan to eliminate waste in processes.

Value stream mapping is important because isolated improvement events only create local improvements, while value stream mapping provides vision and plans to connect all improvement activities and strengthen gains. It also allows organizations to see where waste exists in processes and plan its elimination.

中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Value Stream Mapping Purpose


• Provide optimum value to the
customer through a complete value
creation process with minimum waste
in:
– Design (concept to customer)
– Build (order to delivery)
– Sustain (in-use through life cycle to
service)

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Why ?
• Many organizations pursuing “lean” conversions
have realized that improvement events alone
are not enough
• Improvement events create localized
improvements, value stream mapping & analysis
strengthens the gains by providing vision and
plans that connect all improvement activities
• Value stream mapping & analysis is a tool that
allows you to see waste, and plan to eliminate it
Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

What Is Value?
A capability provided to a
customer,
Q of the highest quality,
Q at the right time,
Q at an appropriate price,
as defined by the customer.
Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

What Is Value?
• "Value" is what the customer is buying
• Always think first about the end-
customer
– Who is the customer?
– What are they buying?
• Describe value using the customers'
words
Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

VSM Basics

• Current State
• Ideal State
• Future State

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

What Is Value
Stream Analysis?
Planning tool to optimize
results of eliminating waste
current state VSM future state VSM

Lean =
+ +
Basics

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Value Steam Mapping Steps

Next Future State

Future State

Current State Original State

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Value Stream Scope

Extended Value Stream


Concept Launch
Order Delivery
In-use Recycle

Multi-plant/Multi-company

Plant
Action Action Action Action Action Action Action

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Apply Five Simple Principles:

Ø Specify value from the standpoint of end


customer

Ø Identify the value stream for each product


family VALUE

VALUE
Ø Make the product flow Perfection STREAM

Ø So the customer can pull PULL FLOW

Ø As you manage toward perfection


Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

What is the Value that Flows?

Specify value from the standpoint of the end


customer

Ask how your current products and processes


disappoint your customer’s value expectation:
Ø price?
Ø quality?
Ø reliable delivery?
Ø rapid response to changing needs?
Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

What Flows?
"ITEMS" flow through a value stream
– In manufacturing, materials are the items
– In design & development, designs are the items
– In service, external customer needs are the items
– In admin., Internal customer needs are the items

Analysis begins with part of a total value stream,


That part of the value stream has customers too
Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

7 Forms of Waste

PEOPLE
Motion

Processing
Waiting
TYPES
OF
Fixing
QU

WASTE
Defects Inventory
AL
ITY

Moving Making Too


Things Much
T ITY
Q UAN

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Material Flow Icons


C/T = 45 sec.
ASSEMBLY
XYZ Corporation C/O = 30 min.
3 Shifts

Manufacturing Outside 2% Scrap

Process Sources Data Box

Mon.
+ Wed.
300 pieces
Truck Supermarket Buffer or 1 Day
Shipment Safety Stock Inventory

max. 20 pieces
Finished
Goods to FIFO Physical
Customer First-In-First-Out Pull/Withdrawal
Sequence Flow

PUSH
Arrow
Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Information Flow Icons

Manual Electronic Load Leveling Sequenced-


Information Information Signal Pull Ball
Box
Flow Flow Kanban

Weekly
Schedule “GoSee” Production
Withdrawal Production Kanban Schedule Scheduling
Kanban Kanban Post

General Icons
UPTIM E
EOVER
CH ANG

Kaizen Operator
Lightening Burst

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

TAKT TIME

Effective Working Time per Shift


Takt Time =
Customer Requirement per Shift

Synchronizes pace, evenly applying customer demand across the work day.
Takt Time is "Beat Time"? "Rate Time" or “Heart Beat" Lean Production uses Takt Time
as the rate or time that a completed product is finished. If you have a Takt Time of two
minutes that means every two minutes a complete product, assembly or machine is
produced off the line
Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Current State- (Manufacturing)

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Ideal State- (Manufacturing)

MACHINE COMPANY ASSEMBLY COMPANY

SUPPLIER Production Production


Control Control

CUSTOMER
Stock MFG Ship

Same Site

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Future State - (Manufacturing)

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Current State (Non-Manufacturing)


Customer
Customer Production
Control

Software
Eng Control Eng
Config Mgt SCL Tech Pubs
Library

Yield. Yield. Yield. Yield. Yield.


Yield.
Staffing Staffing Staffing Staffing Staffing
Staffing
Issues Issues Issues Issues Issues
Issues
Delivery Delivery Delivery Delivery Delivery
Delivery

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Ideal State- (Non-Manufacturing)

Customer Common Format

Eng/SCL/Tech

Software Specific Cell

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Future State- (Non-Manufacturing)


Customer Customer
Common Format

CFG MGT/SCL Tech Pubs


Engineering Cell

C/T = 45 sec. C/T = 45 sec. C/T = 45 sec.

C/O = 30 min. C/O = 30 min. C/O = 30 min.

3 Shifts 3 Shifts 3 Shifts


2% 2% 2%
Scrap Scrap Scrap

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Quoting example
Introduction

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Example - Quoting
VSM&A Prep Worksheet

CASE FOR CHANGE:


•Only 10 % of •Many quotes not •Quotes
quotes are “won” considered due to inaccurate
long response time

ITEM(S): Customer requested quote

DEMAND: 2 per week

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Example - Quoting
VSM&A Prep Worksheet
SCOPE:
Supplier: Inputs:

Sales Force Request for quote from


customer

Outputs: Customer:

Quote
(including price delivery, and
Sales representative
service necessary to meet
customers need)

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Example - Quoting
VSM&A Prep Worksheet

VALUE STATEMENT:
End customer: Intermediate customer:

An accurate statement
Depends on functionality of requirements necessary to
item being quoted. meet customer needs,
including price and delivery.
Available when needed (within
1 week)

KEY REQUIREMENTS:
Must meet customer specifications.

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Example - Quoting
VSM&A Prep Worksheet
MEASUREMENTS:
Current: Planned:
% of quotes won response time
(cycle time)
actual $ vs. bid $

IDEAL STATE:
ON DEMAND DEFECT FREE ONE BY ONE LOWEST COST

Quotes are Quotes are All duplication and


Quote always
generated processed other waste is
meets the
immediately at immediately (I.e. eliminated from the
customers
the customers sales force does process
needs
location not wait until
Friday to send all
from week)
Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

GATHER DATA
(create the current VSM)
1. Observe and gather data
• Walk the value stream - see the actual work place
• Follow and make notes about “item” and information
flow
• Gather data for each step in the flow
– Trigger/done actual lead time output
– Actual cycle time on time delivery staffing
– Defect rate batch sizes overtime
– Quality variations work in process

• 2. Map the flow of items


Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Example 1: Engineering Manuals


Current State •Stmt of Work •Review list
•Hours estimates •run model
Value Stream Map •Parts list •Mgmt review
•Power & weight
Quoting

Fill out RFQ form Administration


•Schedule
•Log
•Copy
•Distribute

Installation
•Check RFQ
•Decide path
•Generate
spreadsheet

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

GATHER DATA
(create the current VSM)

3. Map the flow of information

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

GATHER DATA
(create the current VSM)

4. Add Data and Highlights

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 Engineering Manuals
国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构
•Stmt of Work •Review list
Example 1: •Hours estimates •run model
Current State •Parts list •Mgmt review
•Power & weight
Value Stream Map
Trigger: receive RFQ Trigger: receive RFQ
Quoting Done:sent to manuals Done: sent to price
Flow Time: 0.5 days
Flow Time: 15 days
MCT: 40 hours MCT: 1.4 hours
People: 20 (.20) People: 4
Fill out RFQ form Administration WIP: 6 WIP: 6

•Schedule % yield: 70% % yield: 100 %


•Log demand: 2/week demand: 2/week
•Copy
•Distribute
Installation
Trigger: cust. request Trigger: receive RFQ •Check RFQ
Done: RFQ form sent Done: distribute •Decide path
•Generate spreadsheet
Flow Time: 1.5 days Flow Time: 2 days
MCT: 0.17 hours MCT: 2 hours
People: 20 (.15) People: 1 Trigger: receive RFQ
WIP: 1 WIP: 2 Done: sent to price
% yield: 60% % yield: 100% Flow Time: 0.6 day
demand: 2/week demand: 2/week MCT: 2 hours
People: 1
WIP: 3
Http://www.leancn.org % yield: 100%
精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org
demand: 2/week
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

CREATE VISION & PLANS


1: Go Back to the Garage
• Pick a few items that flow through
the value stream
• Pretend you are your smallest
competitor
– You’re in a garage with almost no money
• Develop the smallest, lowest
capital value stream
Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

CREATE VISION & PLANS


2: Choose Natural Groups
• Review the items that flow through the value stream
– What factors make items similar or different
– Group similar items together
– Set aside items that complicate the groups
• Choose a target takt time for the whole value stream
– What factors drive the process cycle times
– How many parallel flow paths do you want
• Choose natural groups of items (add "miscellaneous")
– Examples (like processing steps, like customers, like functionality)

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

CREATE VISION & PLANS

• Assume that anything is possible


• Avoid shared resources
• Create an ideal state value stream map
• Add obstacle removal to strategic plans
– Start key R&D projects
– Start "right-sized equipment" projects

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

CREATE VISION & PLANS


4: Develop Future State Map
• Identify the first "complete" flow path you
will create
– What waste have you eliminated?
• Draw future state map of what will be
achieved in the next 12 months
• What will the metrics look like?

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构
Example 1:
FS VSM CUSTOMER
Quoting

Complete RFQ Bid Cell Proposal Prep


•review
•set up model •Engineering •Price
•spreadsheet •Installation •Write
•presentation •Prgm. Mgmt. •Approve
•Training
•Manuals
Trigger: customer request •CAS Trigger: RFQ pkg. received
Done: email RFQ Done: sent to cust.
Flow Time: 1 days Trigger: RFQ pkg. received Flow Time: 5 days
MCT: 1 hour Done: sent to prep. MCT: 70 hours
People: 10 Flow Time: 5 days People: 4
WIP:1 MCT: 150 hours WIP:3
% yield: 95% People: 9 % yield: 90%
demand: 2/ week WIP:3 demand: 2/ week
% yield: 90%
Http://www.leancn.org demand: 2/ week
精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

CREATE VISION & PLANS


5: Develop Action Plans and Tracking

• Review the future state map you just created,


brainstorm possible action items
• Focus an action plan (month by month)
• Establish tracking
– For measurements vs. targets
– For action plans

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

Example -
Quoting Value Stream Action Plan
Imp events

Projects

What
Do Its

Define basic measurements for the business unit


X and value stream (measure & track)
Communicate “Lean” initiative, why & how to
X all employees in impacted value stream
Quality – write standard work for RFQ’s,
X increase accuracy/completeness to 95%
Engineering – reduce cycle time by 50%,
X Increase first time yield to 90%, write std. Work.
CAS – reduce cycle time by 50%, write std. Work.
X

Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

EXECUTE
• Communicate
– Current & future VSMs
– Action plan
– Measurements vs. Targets
• Execute your action plan
• Be involved
– A successful lean conversion depends upon the active
involvement of all members at all levels. This is critical
to creating a culture that becomes a competitive
advantage.
Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


中国精益生产学院 国内顶尖的精益生产培训与辅导机构

ALIGN
• Conduct alignment reviews
quarterly
– Evaluate progress against targets
– Implement corrective action if
improvements not sustained
– Re-evaluate “future state” value stream
map (is it still valid?)
Http://www.leancn.org 精益论坛http://bbs.leancn.org

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

You might also like