Hidrometalurgia I 1. Introducción

Hidrometalurgia I
1. Introduccin.
1.1. Contexto, orgenes y

aplicaciones de la
hidrometalurgia.
1.2. Estado del arte y de la
tcnica en hidrometalurgia.
Bsqueda de informacin
cientfica y tecnolgica.
Bronze Age- Bronze is in use in

Sumer, at Ur, in around 2800 BC
Iron Age - from the 11th century BC

onwards, steel replaces bronze
weapons. It becomes essential,
from now on, to have a good steel
blade rather than a soft and
indifferent one.
Periodo Lugar
117 122 ac China
S. VII-VIII China
S. VIII Occidente
S. VIII Oriente
1117China
1500 Hungra
1500 Alemania
1556 Espaa
1637 Per
1661 Espaa
S. XVIII Canad
1876 Espaa
1877 Inglaterra
1915 Chile
1916 EEUU
1940s EEUU
1950s Canad
1960s EEUU
1970s -80s EEUU
Chile, Sudfrica
PROYECTO METALRGICO
Geologa
Minera
Metalurgia
Metalurgia
Field
Example of topics
Beneficiation or
Mineral Dressing
Theory and practice of

liberation of minerals
from ores and their
separation by physical
methods at ambient
conditions
Crushing and grinding,

magnetic and electrical
methods, flotation, etc.
Extractive metallurgy
Chemical methods
sometimes at high
temperature and pressure
for treating ores to
recover their metal
values in a pure form
Leaching, precipitation,
electrolysis, oxidation,
reduction, etc.
Physical metallurgy
Study of physical
properties of metals and
alloys, preparation of
alloys
Crystal structure, effect

of impurities,
metallography, heat
treatment, etc.
Engineering metallurgy
Processing of metals in
the molten state
Casting, welding, etc.
Mechanical metallurgy
Processing of metals in
the solid state
Forging, rolling,
extrusion, piercing
Powder metallurgy
Processing of metal
powders into finished
products
Preparation of metals in
powder form, hot
pressing, etc.
Mineral Processing
Metal Processing
Description
Lecturas y
resumen
Mineral Processing Methods =

beneficiation + extractive metallurgy
Beneficiation aka Mineral Dressing

Overlap of physical and chemical methods, depending on product
Where extractive metallurgy leaves off, metal processing begins
Metalurgia
Extractiva
Metalurgia
Extractiva
Extractive Metallurgy
Terminology
Hydrometallurgy
Leaching - the process of extracting a soluble constituent from a solid
by means of a (water based) solvent
Water changes solubility, by making it acidic or basic, oxidizing or
reducing
Solvent Extraction transfer between immiscible fluids
Ion Exchange solid resins that adsorb/desorb dissolved chemical
species
Precipitation convert dissolved into solid
Crystallization via evaporation
Ionic precipitation - addition of a reagent to a solution creates a
metal compound whose solubility is so low that precipitation takes
place immediately
Hydrometallurgy Proccess
Hydrometallurgy Equipment
Tank leach circuit
Solvent extraction mixer-settlers
Ion Exchange
Vacuum
crystallizer
Terminology
Pyrometallurgy use of heat to induce a
chemical transformation
Roasting convert to oxide form. Example: 2
CuS2 + 5 O2 2 CuO + 4 SO2
Smelting - uses reducing substances that will
combine with those oxidized elements to free the
metal. Example:
2 Fe2O3 + 3 C 4 Fe + 3 CO2
Piro vs Hidro
Terminology
Electrometallurgy use of electrical energy to
induce a chemical transformation
Electrowinning to precipitate a metal from
solution using electric potential
Electrorefining to purify a metal by dissolving it,
then re-precipitating it
Electrometallurgy Equipment
Alternating anodes and cathodes in a
tankhouse for electrowinning
Flowsheet
Flowsheet examples
Aluminum: from bauxite
Copper: from chalcopyrite
Iron: from hematite
Gold Placer, sulphide and oxide

Oil Sands Fort McMurray
Aluminum
Copper
Iron
www.steeluniversity.org
Gold
Oil Sands
1.2. Estado del arte y de la tcnica en hidrometalurgia.

Bsqueda de informacin cientfica y tecnolgica.
Browse by Theses Type
PhD - Murdoch Research
Repository_files
Top 25 hottest articles within the

Hydrometallurgy journal_files
US Patent Office
Elsiever, Taylor and

Francis, Maney,
American Chemical
Society.
Parker Cooperative Research

Centre_files

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Hidrometalurgia I

1.1. Contexto, orgenes y

Bronze Age- Bronze is in use in

Iron Age - from the 11th century BC

Theory and practice of

Crushing and grinding,

Crystal structure, effect

Casting, welding, etc.

Mineral Processing Methods =

Beneficiation aka Mineral Dressing

Gold Placer, sulphide and oxide

1.2. Estado del arte y de la tcnica en hidrometalurgia.

Top 25 hottest articles within the

Elsiever, Taylor and

Parker Cooperative Research

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