This document discusses three-phase circuits and provides examples of solving problems involving star-connected and delta-connected loads. It begins by outlining the steps to solve three-phase circuit problems, including determining phase voltage, phase current, line current, and power calculations based on load configuration. Several example problems are then worked through applying these steps to calculate values like current, power factor, active power, reactive power, and impedance for various three-phase loads.
This document discusses three-phase circuits and provides examples of solving problems involving star-connected and delta-connected loads. It begins by outlining the steps to solve three-phase circuit problems, including determining phase voltage, phase current, line current, and power calculations based on load configuration. Several example problems are then worked through applying these steps to calculate values like current, power factor, active power, reactive power, and impedance for various three-phase loads.
This document discusses three-phase circuits and provides examples of solving problems involving star-connected and delta-connected loads. It begins by outlining the steps to solve three-phase circuit problems, including determining phase voltage, phase current, line current, and power calculations based on load configuration. Several example problems are then worked through applying these steps to calculate values like current, power factor, active power, reactive power, and impedance for various three-phase loads.
This document discusses three-phase circuits and provides examples of solving problems involving star-connected and delta-connected loads. It begins by outlining the steps to solve three-phase circuit problems, including determining phase voltage, phase current, line current, and power calculations based on load configuration. Several example problems are then worked through applying these steps to calculate values like current, power factor, active power, reactive power, and impedance for various three-phase loads.
three-phase circuits: (i) Assume supply voltage as line voltage. (ii) Indentify the type of load, i.e., whether star or delta connected and determine the phase voltage. (iii) Determine the phase current as, Iph =
V ph Z ph
(iv) Determine the line current depending on whether the load is
star or delta connected. (v) The phase angle, is the angle between Vph and Iph.
Calculate its value from Zph.
Q.1) Three coils, each having resistance and inductance of 8
and 0.02 H respectively, are connected in star across a threephase, 230 V, 50 Hz supply. Find the line current, power factor, power, reactive volt-amperes and total volt-amperes. Data :
R=8 L = 0.02 H VL = 230 V = 50 Hz For a star-connected load, =
230 3
= 132.79 V
= 2 = 2 50 0.02 = 6.28 1
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
INTERCONNECTION
SOLVED
= + = 8 + 6.28 = 10.17 < 38.13 = 10.17
= 38.13
Power factor = (38.13) = 0.786()
=
132.79 10.17
= 13.05
= = 13.05 =
3 = 3 230 13.05 0.786 = .
3 230 13.05 sin(38.13) = .
3 =
3 230 13.05 = .
Q. 2) Three similar coils A, B and C are available. Each coil has a
9 resistance and a 12 reactance. They are connected in delta to a three-phase, 440 V, 50 Hz supply. Calculate for this load the (i) phase current, (ii) line current, (iii) power factor, (iv) total kVA, (v) active power, and (vi) reactive power. If these coils are connected in star across the same supply, calculate all the above quantities.
Power factor = cos = cos (53.13) = 0.6 (lagging) S = 3 V L IL = 3 x 440 x 50.8 = 38.71 kVA P = 3 VLIL cos = 3 x 440 x 50.8 x 0.6 = 23.23 kW Q = 3 VLIL sin = 3 x 440 x 50.8 x sin(53.13)= 30.97 kVAR If these coils are connected in star across the same supply, Vph =
440 3
= 254.03 V
Zph = 15 Iph =
254.03 15
= 16.94 A
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
INTERCONNECTION
SOLVED
IL = Iph = 16.94 A Power factor = 0.6 (lagging) S = 3 V L IL =
3 x 440 x 16.94 = 12.91 kVA
P = 3 V L IL =
3 x 440 x 16.94 x 0.6 = 7.74 kW
Q = 3 VLIL sin =
3 x 440 x 16.94 x 0.8 = 12.33 kVAR
Q. 3) A 415 V, 50 Hz, three-phase voltage is applied to three starconnected identical impedances. Each impedance consists of a resistance of 15 a capacitance of 177 F and an inductance of 0.1 henry in series. Find the (i) phase current, (ii) line current, (iii) power factor, (iv) active power, (v) reactive power, and (vi) total VA. Draw a neat phasor diagram. If the same impedances are connected in delta, find the (i) line current, and (ii) power consumed. Data :
VL = 50Hz
f = 50 Hz
R = 15
C = 177F
L = 0.1 H For a star-connected load, Vph =
415 3
= 239.6 V
XL = 2fL = 2 x 50 x 0.1 =31.42
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
INTERCONNECTION
XC =
2fL
1 2 x 50 x 177 x 106
SOLVED
= 17.98
ph = R + jXL - jXC = 15 + j31.42 - j17.98
= 15 + j13.44 = 20.14 41.860 Zph = 20.14
=41.68
Power factor = cos = cos (41.86) = 0.744 (lagging)
Iph =
239.6 20.14
= 11.9 A
IL = Iph = 11.9 A P = Q =
3 VL IL cos= 3 x 415 x 11.9 x .744 = 6.36 kw
3 VL IL sin= 3 x 415 x 11.9 x sin (41.860)
Q = 5.71 KVAR S = S=
3 V L IL 3 x 415 x 11.9 = 8.55 Kva
Phasor Diagram:
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
INTERCONNECTION
SOLVED
If the same impedances are connecte in delta
VL = Vph = 415 V Zph = 20.14 Iph =
415 20.14
= 20.61 A
IL =
3 Iph =
P=
3 VL IL cos =
3 x 20.61 = 35.69 A 3 x 415 x 35.69 x .744
P = 19.09 kW Q.4) Three similar choke coils are connected in star to a threephase supply. If the line current is 15A, the total power consumed is 11 kW and the volt-ampere input is 15 kVA, find the line and phase voltages, the VAR input and the reactance arid resistance 6
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
INTERCONNECTION
SOLVED
of each coil. If these coils are now connected in delta to the same supply, calculate phase and line currents, active and reactive power. Data:
IL = 15 A
P = 11 kW
S = 15 kVA For a star-connected load, S = 3 V L IL 15 x 103 = 3 x VL x 15 VL = 577.35 V
Vph =
cos =
577.35
= 333.33V
11 10 3 15 10 3
= 0.733
= 42.860 Q = 3 VL IL sin = 3 x 577.35 x 15 x sin (42.860) = 10.2 kVAR Iph = IL = 15A Zph =
333.33 15
= 22.22
R = Zph cos = 22.22 X 0.733 = 16.29
XL = Zph sin = 22.22 x sin (42.86) = 15.11 If these coils are now connected in delta, Vph =VL = 577.35V Zph = 22.22 7
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
INTERCONNECTION
Iph =
577.35 22.22
SOLVED
= 25.98 A
IL = 3 Iph = 3 x 25.98 = 45 A P = 3 VL IL cos = 3 x 577.35 x 45 x 0.733 = 32.98 kW Q = 3 VL IL sin = 3 x 577.35 x 45 x sin (42.860) = 30.61 kVAR
Q. 5) A 3, star connected source feeds 1500 kw at 0.85 pf lag to
a balanced delta connected load. Calculate the current, its active & reactive components in each phase of source & load. The given line voltage is 2.2kV. = 0.85()
Data : P = 1500 kW VL = 2.2 kV For a delta-connected load, P = 3 VL IL cos 1500 103 =
3 2.2 103 I 0.85
IL = 463.12A
Iph =
IL 3
463.12 3
= 267.38A
Active component in each phase of the load
8
= cos
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
INTERCONNECTION
SOLVED
= 267.38 0.85 = 227.27
Reactive component in each phase of the load = sin = 267.38 sin 1 0.85 = 267.38 0.526 = 140.85 For a star-connected source, the phase current in the source will be the same as the line current drawn by load. Active component of this current in each phase of the source = 463.12 0.85 = 393.65 Reactive component of this current in each phase of the source = 463.12 0.526 = 243.6
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
INTERCONNECTION
SOLVED
Q. 6) For a balanced, three-phase Wye-connected load, the phase
voltage VR is 10045 V and it draws a line current Iy of 5 180A. (i) Find the complex impedance per phase, (ii) Draw a power triangle and identify all its sides with magnitudes and appropriate units. Assume phase sequence R-Y-B. VR = = 100 - 450 V
Data:
Iy = 5180A For a Wye-connected load, = 100 -45V The current IR leads current Iy by angle 120.
= 5 - 60A
100 45 5 60
= 20 15 = 19.32 +j5.18
10
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
INTERCONNECTION
Active power
SOLVED
P = 3 Vph Iph cos
= 3x 100 x 5 x cos (15) = 1.45 kW
Q = 3 Vph Iph sin
Reactive power
= 3 x 100 x 5 x sin (150) = 0.39 kVAR
Reactive power
S = 3 Vph Iph
.5 K 1 = S
VA
Q=0.39K VA R
= 3 x 100 x 5 = 1.5 KVA
P=1.45K W
Q.7) Each leg of a balanced, delta-connected load consists of a
7 resistance m series with a 4 inductive reactance. The lineto-line voltages are Eab = 2360 00 E bc = 2360 120 V Eca = 2360 120V Determine (i) phase current Iab, Ibc and Ica(both magnitude and phase), (ii) each line current and its associated phase angle. (iii) the load power factor, and
11
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
INTERCONNECTION
SOLVED
(iv) find the impedance per phase that draws the same power at the same power factor. Data :
In a delta-connected, three-phase system, line currents lag
behind respective phase currents by 300. IL = 3 Iph = 3 x 292.8 = 507.14 A ILa = 507.14 59.710A ILb = 507.14 179.710A ILc = 507.14 60.260A Load power factor = cos (29.740) = 0.868 (lagging)
12
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
INTERCONNECTION
SOLVED
Assuming that impedances are now connected in star, the power
per phase and power factor remains the one. For a delta-connected load, Power per phase = Vph Iph cos = 2360 x 292.8 x 0.868 = 599.79 kW For a star-connected load, Vph =
2360 3
= 1362.55 V
Power per phase = Vph Iph cos
599.79 x 103 = 1362.55 x Iph x 0.868 Iph = 507.14 A Zph =
1362 .55 507.14
= 2.69
Q.8) A three-phase, 200 kW, 50 Hz, delta-connected induction
motor is supplied from a three-phase, 440 V, 50 Hz supply system. The efficiency and power factor of the three-phase induction motor are 91 % and 0.86 respectively. Calculate (i) line currents, (ii) currents in each phase of the motor, and (Hi) active and reactive components of phase current. Data:
P0 = 200 kW f
= 50Hz
VL = 440 V = 91% 13
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
INTERCONNECTION
SOLVED
pf = 0.86 For a delta-connected load (induction motor), Vph = VL = 440 V Efficiency
0.91 = Input power
200 10 3
Pi = 219.78 kW 3 cos
Pi = 219.78 X 103 =
3 x 440 x x 0.86
335.3A
Iph =
335.3 3
= 193.6A
Active component of phase current = Iphcos=193.6x0.86
=166.5 A Reactive component of phase current = Iph sin = 193.6 x 0.51 = 98.7 A
Q.9) A 3 400 V star connected alternator supplies a 3, 112 kw
mesh connected induction motor of effieiency & pf of 0.88 and 0.86 respectively. Find (i) current in each motor phase (ii) currents in each alternator phase (iii) active and reactive components of current in each case. 14
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
Data:
INTERCONNECTION
SOLVED
VL = 400V P0 = 112 Kw pf = 0.86 V = 0.88 For mesh connected load (induction motor), Vph = VL = 440 V Efficiency
0.88 = Input power
112 10 3
Pi = input power = 127.27 kw
Now Pi = 3 cos
127.27 x 103 =
3 x 400 x
X 0.86
= 213.6A =
=213.6/ 3 =123.32A
Current in star connected alternator phase will be same as
line current drawn by motor.
current in each alternator phase = 213.6 A
Active component of current in each phase of motor
= cos = 123.32 x 0.86 = 105A
Reactive component = sin = 123.32 x 0.51 = 62.89 A of
current in each motor .
15
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
INTERCONNECTION
Active component
SOLVED
= 213 x 0.86
of current in each alternator = 183. 7 A
Reactive component of
= 213 x 0.51 = 108.9A
current in each alternator
Q. 10)Three identical impedances of 10 30 each are
connected in star and another set of three identical impedances of 18 60 are connected in delta. If both the sets of impedances are connected across a balanced, three-phase 400 V supply, find the line current, total voltamperes, active power and reactive power. Data :
= 10 30 = 10 30 = 400
Three identical delta impedances can be converted into
equivalent star impedances. =
18 600 3
= 6 600
Now two star-connected impedances 10 30 and 6 60
are in parallel across a three-phase supply. =
( 10 30) ( 6 60) 10 30+ 6 60 16
= 3.87 48.830
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
INTERCONNECTION
SOLVED
For a star-connected load,
= =
400
= 230.94 V
230.94 3.87
= 59.67
= = 59.67 S = 3 = 3 x 400 x 59.67 = 41.34 kVA = 3 cos = 3 x 400 x 59.67 x cos (48.830) = 27.21kW Q = 3 sin = 3 x 400 x 59.67 x sin (48.830) = 31.12kVAR
Q. 11) Three 100 , non- inductive resistances are connected in
(a) star, and (b) delta across a 400 V, 50 Hz, three- phase supply. Calculate the power taken from the supply in each case. If one of the resistances is open circuited, what would be the value of total power taken from the mains in each of the two cases? = 400
DATA:
= 100 , For a star-connected load, =
400
= 230.94 230.94 100
= 2.31
= = 2.31 17
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
INTERCONNECTION
SOLVED
cos = 1 P = = 3 400 2.31 1 = 1600.41 For a delta-connected load, = = 400 V =
400 100
= 3 = 3 4 = 6.93 A = 3 cos = 3 400 6.93 1 = 4801.24
When one of the resistors is open circuited
Stat connection
The circuit consists of two 100 resistors in
series across a 400 V supply.
Currents in lines A and C =
400 200
= 2A
Power taken from the mains = 400 2 = 800
18
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
INTERCONNECTION
SOLVED
Hence, when one resistor is open circuited, the power
consumption is reduced by half.
Delta connection In this case, currents in A and C remain as
usual out of phase with each other. current in each phase =
400 100
= 4A
power taken from mains = 2 4 400 = 320000
when one resistor is open circuited, power consumption
is
reduced by one third.
Q.12) A balanced delta-connected load having an impedance ZL
= (300+j210) ohm in each phase is supplied from a 400 V, threephase supply through a three-phase line having an impedance of Zs=(4+j8) ohm in each phase. Find current and voltage in each of the load.
Data : = 300 + 210
= 4 + 8 = 400 19
3 PHASE CIRCUITS
INTERCONNECTION
SOLVED
Three identical delta impedance can be converted into equivalent
(IEEE Press Series On Power and Energy Systems) Paul C. Krause, Thomas R. Krause - Introduction To Modern Analysis of Electric Machines and Drives-Wiley-IEEE Press (2022) PDF
(IEEE Press Series On Power and Energy Systems) Paul C. Krause, Thomas R. Krause - Introduction To Modern Analysis of Electric Machines and Drives-Wiley-IEEE Press (2022) PDF
