TPS1200 Quick Setup

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TPS1200 Quick Guide

6.0 Setup Application


Setup
Description

The setup application program is used when setting up an instrument station,


determining station coordinates, and orienting the horizontal circle of the instrument.

Setup Methods

There are various setup methods available. Each method requires different input
data and a different number of target points. The available setup methods are:
Set Azimuth
Known Backsight Point
Orientation and Height Transfer
Resection
Resection Helmert
Local Resection.

Fixpoint Jobs

Jobs exist in order for you to be able to structure and organize your work.
The Fixpoint job can be any job, but is normally a different job from the active job
and, as the name suggests, may only contain coordinates of fixpoints (this job
can also be thought of as the control job). During the setup process, target
points are selected from the fixpoint job, but no measurements are stored to it.
Whenever a target point out of the fixpoint job is used in the Setup application,
this point is copied to the active job. In this way all relevant data is stored in a
single job while the fixpoint job is used only as a source for point coordinates.
However, if you do not want to use this functionality, you can always choose the
fixpoint job to be the same as the active job. In this way all data is always taken
and stored to the same job.

Point
Properties

The properties stored with a TPS point are:


Type
Class
Sub class
Source
Instrument source

Station
REF
TPS
Setup (setup method)
TPS

Target
MEAS or NONE
TPS
Setup (setup method)
TPS

Continued on next page

TPS1200 Quick Guide


6.0 Setup Application
In this Chapter

This chapter explains setup methods, how to access the Setup application, how to
configure the Setup application, and then describes the procedure for three different
instrument setup types:
1. Known Backsight (BS) Point
2. Set Azimuth
3. Resection.
Section
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5

TPS1200 Quick Guide

Topic
Accessing Setup
Configuring Setup
Setup Method: Known BS Point
Setup Method; Set Azimuth
Setup Method: Resection

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6.1 Accessing Setup
There are many ways of accessing the instrument setup screen. In this example,
we will access Setup via 2 Programs.

Accessing
Setup

Follow the steps below to access Setup.

Step
1

Action

Display

From the Main Menu:

Tap on 2 Programs.

This takes you to the TPS1200 Programs


screen.
2

In the TPS1200 Programs screen:

Tap on 02 Setup.

This takes you to the SETUP Station Setup


Begin screen.
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6.1 Accessing Setup
Step
3

Action

Display

In the SETUP Station Setup Begin screen:


F2 (CONF): Press this button to access the
Configuration screen of the Setup application
program.
F6 (CSYS): Press this button to select a
different coordinate system.
Job: This field allows you select the active
job. (See chapter 1, sections 1.7 Job
Management: Creating a Job and 1.8 Job
Management: Selecting a Job.)
Coord System: This field displays the active
coordinate system. The coordinate system
can be changed by using the F6 (CSYS)
button. A coordinate system is required for a
station setup with GPS.
Codelist: This field displays the active
codelist. This field allows you to select a
codelist that resides in the instruments
System RAM. Selecting a codelist copies the
codes to the job. If codes have not been
copied from an existing codelist residing in
the System RAM but entered manually, then
the name of the active job is displayed.
Config Set: This field displays the active
configuration set. This field allows you to
select a configuration set. See chapter 2
Configuration Sets for information on creating
a configuration set.
This step continues on the following page.

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Quick Guide
6.1 Accessing Setup
Step
3

Action

Display

This step continues from the previous page:


Reflector: This field displays the reflector
currently set in the selected configuration set.
Use this field to select a different reflector if
desired.
Add. Constant: This field displays the
additive constant stored with the chosen
reflector.

Select a job from the Job field. In


this example we created a job called
OFFICE CONTROL.

Select a coordinate system. In this


example we are not using a
coordinate system.

Select a codelist. In this example we


will not use a codelist for the setup.

Select a configuration set from the


Config Set field. In this example we
are using the TCRP RCS-RH1200.

Select a reflector from the Reflector


field. In this example we are using
the Leica circular prism.

Press the F2 (CONF) button.

This takes you to the General page of the


SETUP Configuration screen.

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6.2 Configuring Setup
SETUP
Configuration

The SETUP Configuration screen allows you to configure some specific


functionality of the setup application. These settings will also be used if you are
orientating the instrument by using the F3 (SETUP) function in the Survey
application. An example of how to setup the instrument within SURVEY will be
shown in section 6.4.

Step
4

Action

Display

In the General page of the SETUP


Configuration screen:
Setup Reminder: This is a very useful tool
for checking the current instrument orientation
values when accessing various applications.
Current instrument setup details can be
displayed to remind the user to either keep
the current instrument setup or to create a
new instrument setup.
Setting options:
Yes Whenever the F1 (CONT) button is
pressed in a Begin screen in an application,
the current setup information is displayed.
No - Whenever the F1 (CONT) button is
pressed in a Begin screen, the current setup
information is not displayed and the program
continues without checking.
Two Faces: This field allows two face
measurements to be made to target points.
This applies to all setup methods.
The two choices for this field are:
No No automatic measurement in two faces
is done when this field is set to No.
This step continues on the following page.
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6.2 Configuring Setup
Step
4

Action

Display

This step continues from the previous page.


Yes After storing a measurement with the
F1 (ALL) or F3 (REC) buttons, motorized
instruments change face automatically. Nonmotorized instruments access the SETUP
Telescope Positioning screen. The
measurements of Face I and Face II are
averaged on the basis of Face I. The
averaged value is stored.
Use Scale: This field affects the appearance
of the SETUP Results screen.
The two choices for this field are:
Yes This setting allows a scale factor and
ppm value to be automatically derived from
the differences between measured distances
and distances calculated from the coordinates
of target points and the setup point. This can
come from resection and orientation and
height transfer calculations. The scale factor
and ppm values are displayed in the SETUP
Results, Sigma page. The ppm value may be
set in the system as the geometric ppm value.
In the SETUP Station Setup screen, the
Current Scale field displays the current scale
factor and the F5 (PPM) button is available.
This scale factor can then be used to
automatically correct all following distance
measurements from the same station point.
No The calculated scale factor from the
resection calculation is displayed in the
SETUP Results, Sigma page, but cannot be
set as the geometric ppm value.

Set the Use Scale field to No.

This step continues on the following page.


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6.2 Configuring Setup
Step
4

Action

Display

This step continues from the previous page.


Note: Setting the Use Scale field to Yes
could cause issues if you are not clear on
what this setting can do. For instance, if your
total station is out of adjustment and you
complete a resection for orientation, the
newly computed scale factor would not be the
correct scale factor and would not agree with
the coordinates that you used for the
resection.
Auto Position: This is an option for all
motorized instruments. Selecting 2D or 3D
instructs the instrument to automatically turn
to the next target point after each
measurement is made in the resection
methods.
2D - This instructs the instrument to position
itself horizontally to the point.
3D - This instructs the instrument to position
itself horizontally and vertically to the point.
Off - Instrument does not position itself to the
point.

Set the Auto Position field to Off.

This step continues on the following page.


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6.2 Configuring Setup
Step
4

Action

Display

This step continues from the previous page.


Display AR: Use this field to set the direction
to the backsight point to zero when using the
Known BS Point method. The AR (Angle
Right) display mask element can be
configured to be used in the display masks
and consequently displays the angle
difference between the backsight point and
the current direction. This angle is only used
for display purposes and has no effect on the
orientation or actual azimuth.
The two choices for this field are:
Yes Sets the AR (Angle Right) field to
0.00.
No Does not set a value for the AR field. If
the display mask is configured to display the
AR field in the Survey application program,
the value displayed is identical to the azimuth.
Note: If the Display AR field is set to Yes
and more than one backsight point is used,
the instrument behaves as if it the Display
AR field was set to No.

Set the Display AR field to Yes.

Tap on the down arrow to see the last


field on this page.

Antenna: Tapping on this field accesses the


MANAGE Antennas screen. Since we are
not using an antenna we can ignore this field.

Tap on the Parameters tab.

This takes you to the Parameters page of the


SETUP Configuration screen.
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6.2 Configuring Setup
Step
5

Action

Display

In the Parameters page of the SETUP


Configuration screen:
This page is only applicable for the following
setup methods:
Ori & Ht Transfr,
Resection,
Resection Helmert, and
Local Resection.
The Resection method allows for some or all
of the following parameters to be computed
and set:
2D position of station,
Height of station,
Orientation, and
Scale factor.
A resection uses measurements of up to ten
target points to calculate the abovementioned parameters. These target points
may be 3D, 2D, or height-only points. The
estimated accuracy (i.e. the reliability) of the
target points can be defined in this page.
These estimated accuracies are then used in
the least squares adjustment calculation to
construct realistic weight information for the
observations.
Resection and Ori & Ht Accuracies
Hz Acc Ori: Use this field to enter a limit for
the standard deviation of the orientation for
resection and orientation and height transfer.

Set the Hz Acc Ori field to 00010.


You can alter this later to your
preference.

This step continues on the following screen.


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6.2 Configuring Setup
Step
5

Action

Display

This step continues from the previous page:


Pos Acc Target: Use this field to set the
position accuracy of the target point for
resection and height transfer.
Ht Acc Target: Use this field to set the
height accuracy of the target point for
resection and height transfer.

Set the Pos Acc Target and Ht Acc


Target fields to your preference.

Local Resection
Define: Use this field to define the positive
north or positive east axis.
Northing Axis The second point measured
defines the direction of the positive north axis.
Easting Axis - The second point measured
defines the direction of the positive east axis.

Set the Define field to Northing


Axis. Change this to Easting Axis if
that is what you require.

Tap on the Checks tab.

This takes you to the Checks page of the


SETUP Configuration screen.
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6.2 Configuring Setup
Step
6

Action

Display

In the Checks page of the SETUP


Configuration screen
This page is only applicable to the Known BS
Point setup method.
Known Backsight Checks
Pos Check: This field allows a check to be
made on the horizontal coordinate difference
between the existing and the measured
known backsight point. If the value set in the
Pos Limit field is exceeded, the setup can be
repeated, skipped, or stored.
Pos Limit: This field is available if the Pos
Check field is set to Yes. This field allows
you to set the maximum horizontal coordinate
difference accepted in the position check.

Set the Pos Check field to Yes.

Set the Pos Limit field to a value that


suits your requirements.

Height Check: This field allows a check to


be made on the vertical difference between
the existing and the measured known
backsight point. If the value set in the Height
Limit field is exceeded, the setup can be
repeated, skipped, or stored.
Height Limit: This field is available if the
Height Check field is set to Yes. This field
allows you to set the maximum vertical
difference accepted in the height check.

Tap on the Logfile tab.

This takes you to the Logfile page of the


SETUP Configuration screen.
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6.2 Configuring Setup
Step
7

Action

Display

In the Logfile page of the SETUP


Configuration screen:
A logfile is a summary of the calculations
done while using the SETUP program. Data
is always appended to the file. The logfile is
written to the Data directory of the
CompactFlash card or the internal memory if
fitted in the instrument. It is generated using
the selected format file.
Write Logfile: This field allows you to have
the application program generate a logfile
when the application is exited.
File Name: This field is available if the Write
Logfile field is set to Yes. Opening the
choice list accesses the SETUP Logfiles
screen where a name for a new logfile can be
created or an existing logfile can be selected
or deleted.
Format File: This field is available if the
Write Logfile field is set to Yes. A format file
defines which and how data is written to a
logfile. Format files are created using Format
Manager within LGO. A format file must first
be transferred from the CompactFlash card to
the System RAM before it can be selected.
Opening the choice list accesses the SETUP
Format Files screen where existing format
files can be selected or deleted.
In this example we will not be using a logfile.

Set the Write Logfile field to No

Press the F1 (CONT) button.

This returns you to the SETUP Station setup


Begin screen.
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6.2 Configuring Setup
Step
8

Action

Display

In the SETUP Station setup Begin screen:


Once the fields on this screen have been
correctly set,

Press the F1 (CONT) button.

This takes you to the SETUP Station Setup


screen.

End of Setup
Configuration

We have just completed configuring the setup application program. We are now
ready to orientate the instrument. This chapter describes three setup methods
and arguably the most commonly used methods. The first method is Known BS
Point and the second method is Set Azimuth. We will then discuss completing a
Resection.

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6.3 Setup Method: Known BS Point
Known BS
(Back Sight)
Method

This method can be used when the coordinates of the station point and a back
sight point are known. The azimuth and distance between these points is
automatically calculated when orientating the instrument and calculating values for
a check on the backsight target.
A distance measurement to the known backsight point can be made for a quality
control check. The advantage of measuring a distance is that the measured
distance can be compared to the calculated distance with the difference being
shown. Similarly, the measured and calculated height differences are compared.
These differences can be checked against user-definable tolerances and a
warning is displayed if these are exceeded (for example, if by accident you
measured to the wrong point or had the selected the wrong prism type).
(Remember we configured the Checks page of the Setup application to check the
backsight in the previous section 6.2 Configuring Setup, step 6.)

Step
9

Action

Display

In the SETUP Station Setup Begin screen:


The appearance of this screen depends on
the choices made in the Method and Station
Coord fields.
F4 (SCALE): This button accesses the
GeomPPM page of the CONFIGURE TPS
Corrections screen.
F5 (PPM): This button accesses the
CONFIGURE TPS Corrections screen. (For
more information see section 2.4 Editing a
Configuration Set, steps 16-18. Also see the
TPS Technical Reference Manual Ver. 3.0
section 18.4 TPS Corrections.)
Fixpoint Job: Use this field to select the
fixpoint job. Fixpoints and/or station points
are taken from the fixpoint job.
This step continues on the following page.
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6.3 Setup Method: Known BS Point
Step
9

Action

Display

This step continues from the previous page:

Select a fixpoint job. In this example


we created a job called OFFICE
CONTROL.

Method: Use this field to select the setup


method.

Select Known BS Point from the


Method field.

Station Coordinates: Use this field to define


the source of the station coordinates.
From Job This setting allows you to select
a point from the job (not the fixpoint job) that
was selected in the application or setup
screen.
Frm Fixpoint Job Use this field to select a
point from the fixpoint job as defined in the
Fixpoint Job field. Remember that you can
choose the fixpoint job to be the same as the
active job. In this case this behaves in the
same way as From Job.
Retain Current The point ID and
coordinates of the last setup are always
stored in the instruments System RAM. In
this way the instrument always remembers
the last used station coordinates, even if the
memory card is removed or replaced.
Selecting Retain Current for the station
coordinates simply recalls the last station
coordinates that were set on the instrument.
From GPS This option is only available for
SmartStation.
This step continues on the following page.
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6.3 Setup Method: Known BS Point
Step
9

Action

Display

This step continues from the previous page:

Select Frm Fixpoint Job from the


Station Coord field.

Station ID: Use this field to select the


instrument stations point ID. Tapping on this
field accesses the SETUP Data screen.

Select the point that the instrument is


set up on in the Station ID field. In
this example the point is 1.

Instrument Ht: Use this field to enter the


height of the instrument above the point the
instrument is set up on.

Enter a height of instrument in the


Instrument Ht field. In this example
the instrument height is 5.50 ft.

Current Scale: This field displays the scale


factor entered. If you pressed the F4
(SCALE) button you will be navigated to the
GeomPPM page of the CONFIGURE TPS
Corrections screen where you can enter a
value if needed.

Press the F1 (CONT) button.

This takes you to the Setup page of the Set


Stn & Ori Known BS Point screen.
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6.3 Setup Method: Known BS Point
Step
10

Action

Display

In the Setup page of the Set Stn & Ori


Known BS Point screen:
F1 (SET): Use this button to set the station
and orientation and exit the Setup application
program.
F2 (DIST): Use this button to measure a
distance to the backsight point.
F5 (MORE): Use this button to toggle
between the display values. As default, the
values for horizontal distance and height are
shown. If this button is pressed, the display
changes to the measured values of horizontal
distance and height.

Backsight ID: Use this field to select a


backsight point. All 2D and 3D points can be
selected.

Enter a backsight point in the


Backsight ID field. In this example
we are backsighting point 4.

Reflector Ht: Use this field to enter the


height of the backsight target.

Enter a reflector height in the


Reflector Ht field. In this example
the backsight reflector height is 5.50
ft.

This step continues on the following page.


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6.3 Setup Method: Known BS Point
Step
10

Action

Display

This continues from the previous page:


Calc Azimuth: This field displays the
calculated azimuth from the station to the
backsight point.
Calc HDist: This field displays the calculated
horizontal distance from the station to the
backsight point
Horiz Dist: This field displays the difference
between the calculated horizontal distance
from the station to the backsight point and the
measured distance.
Height: This field displays the difference
between the coordinate height of the
backsight point and the measured height of
the backsight point. If the backsight point is a
2D point, the field displays -----.
If the F5 (MORE) button is pressed:
Azimuth: This field displays the current
azimuth.
Horiz Dist: This field displays the measured
horizontal distance to the backsight point after
the F2 (DIST) button was pressed. The field
displays ----- before the F2 (DIST) button is
pressed.
Height: This field displays the measured
height after a distance is measured to the
backsight point using the F2 (DIST) button.
The field displays ----- before the F2 (DIST)
button is pressed.

Tap on the BS Info tab.

This takes you to the BS Info page of the


SETUP Set Stn & Ori Known BS Point
screen.
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6.3 Setup Method: Known BS Point
Step
11

Action

Display

In the BS Info page of the SETUP Set Stn &


Ori Known BS Point screen:
This page displays information about the back
sight instrument station. The only field on this
page that allows you to enter information is
the Code field.
F1 (SET): Use this button to set the station
and orientation and exit the Setup application
program.
Backsight ID: This field displays the
backsight ID as entered in the SETUP Station
Setup screen.
Code: This field displays the code for the
backsight point. You are permitted to enter a
different code if necessary.
Code Desc: This field displays the code
description for the backsight point.
BS Northing: This field displays the northing
coordinate of the backsight point.

Tap on the Stn Info tab.

This takes you to the Stn Info page of the


SETUP Set Stn & Ori Known BS Point
screen
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6.3 Setup Method: Known BS Point
Step
12

Action

Display

In the Stn Info page of the SETUP Set Stn &


Ori Known BS Point screen:
This page displays information about the
current instrument station. The only fields on
this page that allows you to enter information
are the Instrument Ht and Code fields.
F1 (SET): Use this button to set the station
and orientation and exit the Setup application
program.
Station ID: This field displays the station ID
as entered in the SETUP Station Setup
screen.
Instrument Ht: This field displays the height
of instrument. You are permitted to enter a
different height if necessary.
Code and Code Desc: These fields are the
same as these fields described in the
previous page.
Stn Northing: This field displays the northing
coordinate of the station.
Stn Easting: This field displays the easting
coordinate of the station.
Stn Height: This field displays the height
coordinate of the station.
Current Scale: This field displays the scale
factor entered if you pressed the F4 (SCALE)
button in step 9 and entered a scale factor in
the Scale at C.M field of the GeomPPM page
of the CONFIGURE TPS Corrections screen.

Tap back on the Setup tab.

This returns you to Setup page of the Set Stn


& Ori Known BS Point screen
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6.3 Setup Method: Known BS Point
Step
13

Action

Display

In the Setup page of the Set Stn & Ori


Known BS Point screen:
We are now ready to check the backsight
distance.

Aim the instrument at the backsight


target.

Press the F2 (DIST) button.

We see the delta () values computed for the


comparison of the calculated distance and
height versus the measure distance and
height

Press the F5 (MORE) button.

Notice the display has changed.

We now see the measured horizontal


distance and the measured height for the
backsight point.

Press the F1 (SET) button.

This step continues on the following page.


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6.3 Setup Method: Known BS Point
Step
13

Action

Display

This step continues from the previous page:


After pressing the F1 (SET) button, an
information screen appears alerting us that
the station and orientation has been set.

Press the F4 (OK) button to


acknowledge the information box.

This closes the information box and returns


you to the Main Menu.

If you, for instance, mistakenly backsighted


the wrong target point, pressed the F2 (DIST)
button, and then pressed the F1 (SET)
button, you would see message boxes similar
to this those on the right. The instrument is
warning you that there is a problem and you
should investigate what is causing this error
before proceeding. In this case you could
either accept the difference in coordinates by
pressing the F6 (YES) button or press the F4
(NO) button and then attempt to discover why
there is a difference in coordinates and then
re-measure the setup.

Continued on next page

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6.3 Setup Method: Known BS Point
Step
14

Action

Display

From the Main Menu:


You are now setup, orientated, and ready to
start surveying.

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6.4 Setup Method: Set Azimuth
This method can be used when the coordinates of the station point are either
known or assumed and an azimuth to the backsight target is either known or
assumed.

Set Azimuth
(Back Sight)
Method

A distance measurement to a backsight point can be made, but it is not necessary.


However the advantage of measuring a distance to a backsight azimuth target is
that the coordinates of the azimuth backsight target will be computed for a check
or as a new set of calculated coordinates that will be recorded for the backsight
azimuth target.

Step
1

Action

Display

In the Main Menu

Tap on 1 Survey

This takes you to the SURVEY Survey Begin


screen.
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6.4 Setup Method: Set Azimuth
Step
2

Action

Display

In the SURVEY Survey Begin screen:

Enter a job in the Job field. In this


example we are using the MY DATA
JOB job.

Leave the Coord System field as


None.

Enter a codelist in the Codelist field.


In this example we will not be using a
codelist.

Select a configuration set in the


Config Set field. In this example we
are using the TCRP RCS-RH1200
configuration set.

Enter a reflector in the Reflector


field. In this example we are using
the Leica circular prism.

Press the F3 (SETUP) button.

This takes you to the SETUP Station Setup


screen.
Continued on next page

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6.4 Setup Method: Set Azimuth
Step
3

Action

Display

In the SETUP Station Setup screen:


You are now accessing the SETUP
application that has been explained in Section
6.2 and 6.3.

Enter a job in the Fixpoint Job field.


In this example we will be using the
OFFICE CONTROL job.

Set the Method field to Set Azimuth.

Enter where the station coordinates


exist in the Station Coord field. In
this example it is from a fixpoint job.

Select the point ID of the current


position of the instrument in the
Station ID field

Input the current height of instrument


in the Instrument Ht field.

Press the F1 (CONT) button.

This takes you to the Setup page of the


SETUP Set Stn & Ori Set Azimuth screen.
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6.4 Setup Method: Set Azimuth
Step
4

Action

Display

In the Setup page of the SETUP Set Stn &


Ori Set Azimuth screen :
We will use this screen to enter the azimuth
value for the backsight target.
Note: You are required to enter a value for
the azimuth field. The system does not
calculate the azimuth if the backsight point
entered is known.
F1 (SET): Use this button to set the station
and orientation and exit the Setup application
program.
F2 (DIST): Use this button to measure a
distance to the backsight point.
F4 (AZ=0): Use this button to set the value in
the Azimuth: field to 00000.
F5 (FREE): Use this button to toggle the
functions of this key between FREE and
HOLD. This function is not available if ATR is
active.
Backsight ID: Use this field to select a
backsight point or enter a unique point ID for
the backsight target.

Enter a backsight point in the


Backsight ID field. In this example
we are backsighting point 2.

This step continues on the following page.


Continued on next page

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6.4 Setup Method: Set Azimuth
Step
4

Action

Display

This step continues from the previous page:


Reflector Ht: Use this field to enter the
height of the backsight target.

Enter a reflector height in the


Reflector Ht field. In this example
the backsight reflector height is 5.50
ft.

Azimuth: Enter the known or assumed


azimuth to the backsight point in this field.
Method 1 - Using the ATR capabilities that
will be covered in steps 5 through 6.
Method 2 Backsighting without using ATR
that will be covered in steps 7 through 8.
Note: There are two ways to backsight a
target. The two methods will be covered as
follows:
The following steps are organized for two
different backsight methods:
Method 1 - Using the ATR capabilities are
described in steps 5 through 6.
Method 2 Backsighting without using ATR
are described steps 7 through 8.

Continued on next page

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6.4 Setup Method: Set Azimuth
Step
5

Action

Display

Method 1 Backsighting an Azimuth Target


Using ATR capabilities:
Note: The F5 (FREE) function is not available
when using when using the ATR capabilities.

Enter the value of the backsight


azimuth in the Azimuth field. In this
example will be using 453010.

Point the instrument so that the


backsight target is in the field of view.

Press the F2 (DIST) button to


measure a distance.

Press the F1 (SET) button.

An information window appears.


6

The instrument will now display a message


that the station and orientation have been set.

Press the F4 (OK) button to


acknowledge the information window.

This will take you to the SURVEY application


screen.
Continued on next page

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6.4 Setup Method: Set Azimuth
Step
7

Action

Display

Method 2 Backsighting an Azimuth Target


Without Using ATR capabilities
Note: The F5 (FREE) function now available
for use.

Enter the value of the backsight


azimuth in the Azimuth field. In this
example will be using 453010.

Press the F5 (FREE) button to verify


that the value displayed is FREE. If
this function key displays the value
HOLD, select this key to toggle the
function back to FREE. This function
key is explained further in step 9.

Manually aim the instrument at the


backsight target.

Press the F2 (DIST) button to


measure a distance.

Press the F1 (SET) button.

An information window appears.


8

The instrument will now display a message


that the station and orientation have been set.

Press the F4 (OK) button to


acknowledge the information window.

This will take you to the SURVEY application


screen.
Continued on next page

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6.4 Setup Method: Set Azimuth
Step
9

Action

Display

To review the function of the F5 (FREE)


(HOLD) button:
This function allows the instrument to be used
as if it had an upper-lower motion system or a
circle clamp system. This allows the angular
value to be held fixed or free-turning
depending on how the operator chooses to
sight on a target.
If the F5 button is displaying FREE then the
angle value is fixed and will not change when
the instrument is turned. The instrument is
actually in the HOLD mode.
If the F5 button is displaying HOLD then the
gun is actually in the FREE mode. The angle
will change while the instrument is turned.
The function button is set up to display the
function you will be changing to when
selected. You are simply toggling between
modes when this button is used.

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6.5 Setup Method: Resection
Resection
Method

In this method the instrument can be setup virtually wherever it is needed provided
that at least two target points with known coordinates can be measured.
This setup method is perfect to use where you need to have the freedom to set up
the total station where it is most useful the only restriction being that you must be
able to see a least two points with known coordinates. The coordinates of the
target points can be known in position and height, position only, or even height
only. However, two of these points must have known positions in order to
calculate the instruments orientation.
Station coordinates as well as orientation are derived from measurements to up to
ten target points using a least squares adjustment algorithm that calculates the
best fit between measurements and target point coordinates.
Before storing the setup result, it is possible to analyze the residuals of the
measurements to the target points and to remove (or use as position or height
only) target points in order to improve the resection.
Note: This continues from step 8 of the 6.2 Configuring Setup section.

Step
9

Action

Display

In the SETUP Station Setup screen:


The appearance of this screen depends on
the choices made in the Method and Station
Coord fields.
F5 (PPM): This button is available if in
SETUP Configuration, the Use Scale field is
set to Yes. This button accesses the
CONFIGURE TPS Corrections screen. (For
more information see section 2.4 Editing a
Configuration Set steps 16-18. Also see the
TPS Technical Reference Manual Ver. 3.0
section 18.4 TPS Corrections.)
This step continues on the following page.
Continued on next page

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6.5 Setup Method: Resection
Step
9

Action

Display

This step continues from the previous page:


Fixpoint Job: Use this field to select the
fixpoint job. Fixpoints and/or station points
are taken from the fixpoint job.

Select a fixpoint job. In this example


we created a job called OFFICE
CONTROL.

Method: Use this field to select the Setup


method.

Select Resection from the Method


field.

Station ID: Use this field to give a station ID


to the point we are determining the
coordinates of.

Enter a station ID in the Station ID


field. In this example we are calling
the point 200.

Enter a height of instrument in the


Instrument Height field. In this
example the HI is 1.521m.

Press the F1 (CONT) button.

This takes you to the SETUP Measure Target


1 screen.
Continued on next page

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6.5 Setup Method: Resection
Step
10

Action

Display

In the SETUP Measure Target 1 screen:


In this screen aim the instrument at the first
target point and record a measurement.
F1 (ALL): Use this button to measure and
store distances and angles to the target with
know coordinates.
F2 (DIST): Use this button to measure and
display distances.
F3 (REC): Use this button to record the
displayed values.
F5 (CALC): This button is available once
sufficient data is available for calculation.
Pressing this button displays the results of the
resection.
SHIFT F2 (FIND): This button combination is
available once there is sufficient data
available for calculation. Pressing this button
combination accesses the SETUP Find
Target screen (which is very similar to the
stakeout screen). This aids in guiding the
reflector to the selected target point.
SHIFT F4 (POSIT): This button combination
is available once there is sufficient data
available for calculation. Pressing this button
combination turns the instrument to the target
point.
Point ID: Use this field to select a target
point to be measured. All points from the
fixpoint job may be selected except points
with the class of NONE.
This step continues on the following page.
Continued on next page

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6.5 Setup Method: Resection
Step
10

Action

Display

This step continues from the previous page:

Tap on the Point ID field and select


the first target point. In our example
the first point is 101.

Reflector Ht: This field initially suggests the


default reflector height from the active
configuration set but you may enter another
reflector height if necessary.

Enter a reflector height in the


Reflector Ht field if the suggested
one is incorrect.

Azimuth and V: These fields display the


current azimuth and vertical angle
respectively.
Slope Dist: This field displays the measured
slope distance after the F2 (DIST) button is
pressed.
Azimuth: This field displays the difference
between the calculated azimuth and the
measured azimuth.
Horiz Dist: This field displays the difference
between the calculated horizontal distance
and the measured distance.
Height: This field displays the difference
between the given height and the measured
height of the target point.

Aim the instrument at the first target


point and press the F1 (ALL) button.

This step continues on the following page.


Continued on next page

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6.5 Setup Method: Resection
Step
10

Action

Display

This continues from the previous page:


Notice that after pressing the F1 (ALL) button
we are now in the SETUP Measure Target 2
screen and a message alerting us that the
point has been stored is displayed at the
bottom of the screen.

Continue measuring target points up


to a limit of ten points.

After two measured target points, the F5


(CALC) button becomes active and we see a
message alerting us that we can now
calculate the resection. Also notice that there
is now information in the Azimuth field.
In this example we will continue to measure
target points to strengthen our resection
results.

Press the F5 (CALC) button when


you have finished measuring target
points.

This takes you to the Stn Coords page of the


SETUP Results (Least Squares) screen.
Continued on next page

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6.5 Setup Method: Resection
Step

Action

11

In the Stn Coords page of the SETUP Results


(Least Squares) screen:

Display

Oh oh! An error message has appeared


alerting us that there is positioning issue due
to our measurements. Now we must
investigate what could be the cause of this
issue. Note: Your resection measurements
may be better than this one and you did not
see any error messages.

Press the F4 (OK) button to


acknowledge this error message.

This closes the error message box.


12

Continuing in the Stn Coords page of the


SETUP Results (Least Squares) screen:
This page displays information about the
computed station such as how many points
were measured, the calculated coordinates of
the station, etc.
F1 (SET): Use this button to accept the
results of the resection and store the new
coordinates and orientation of the total station
to the database.
F3 (ROBST/LSQRS): This button toggles
between displaying the results of the Least
Squares or Robust calculation methods.
(See following page for more information on
the difference between Robust and Least
Squares adjustment methods.)
This step continues on the following page.
Continued on next page

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6.5 Setup Method: Resection
Least Squares/
Robust
Adjustment
Methods

Both methods actually use least squares computations but for the Robust method,
a modified form of the general principle of least-squares adjustment is applied. In
simplest terms, the least-squares technique is adopted with robust weighting.
Least Squares Method: The weight (or standard deviation) that is assigned to
each observation is composed of a constant and variable part.
The constant part depends upon the pre-defined angular and EDM accuracies of
the instrument.
The variable part is computed from the accuracy of the target points (as defined
earlier in the SETUP Configuration panel, see section 6.2 Setup Configuration
step 5) and the distance between the target point and the station.
Robust Method: Rather than applying weights to observations as described
above, weights are calculated depending upon the fit between the observed and
the computed value for an observation. Therefore, observations that are in good
agreement with the computed values are awarded higher weights relative to those
that have large differences between observed and computed values.
The advantage of the robust weighting is that it enables good results to be
obtained even if errors are within the data. Bad data is effectively de-weighted
and therefore has little or no influence on the results.
Note: If all measurements are of high quality, the results for the robust method will
be consistent with the results of the least squares method.

Step
12

Action

Display

Continuing in the Stn Coords page of the


SETUP Results (Least Squares) screen:
F4 (Info): Use this button to access the
SETUP Additional Information screen. This
screen displays the residuals relating to the
individual measurements. The residuals are
the computed values minus the observed
values.

This step continues on the following page.


Continued on next page

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6.5 Setup Method: Resection
Step
12

Action

Display

This step continues from the previous page:


F5 (SURVY): This button returns you to the
SETUP Measure Target page. You can
either survey additional target points or remeasure previously measured points (in this
case the measurement to the previously
measured point is over-written). Pressing
the F5 (SURVY) button is the same as
pressing the ESC button.
SHIFT F2 (ELL H) or SHIFT F2 (ORTH): Use
these button combinations to change
between the ellipsoidal and orthometric
height.
SHIFT F5 (OTHER): This button combination
becomes available if two solutions were
calculated. Pressing this button changes
between these solutions.
Station ID: This field displays the current
station ID of the point being calculated. You
are permitted to change this ID using this
field.
No. of Points: This field displays the number
of points used in the calculation.
Set: This field enables you to select which
parameters you wish the resection to define.
E Easting
N - Northing
Ht. - Height
Ori - Orientation
Instrument Ht: This field displays the current
instrument height to the station.
This step continues on the following page.
Continued on next page

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6.5 Setup Method: Resection
Step
12

Action

Display

This step continues from the previous page:


Stn Easting, Stn Northing, Stn Height:
These fields display the calculated easting,
northing, and height respectively for the
current calculation of the instruments position.
New Azimuth: This field displays the newly
oriented azimuth with an active running angle
as the telescope moves.

Tap on the Sigma tab.

This takes you to the Sigma page of the


SETUP Results (Least Squares) screen.
13

In the Sigma page of the SETUP Results


(Least Squares) screen:
The Sigma page provides information that
you can use to check the quality of the
results. The smaller the standard deviations,
the better the results.
Easting, Northing, Height: These
fields display the standard deviations of the
easting, northing, and height of the calculated
station.
Hz Orient: This field displays the standard
deviation of the orientation.
This step continues on the following page.
Continued on next page

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6.5 Setup Method: Resection
Step
13

Action

Display

This step continues from the previous page:


Current Scale: This field displays the current
scale calculated from the geometric ppm.
Current Scale = geometric ppm*10-6 + 1.

Tap on the Stn Code tab.

This takes you to the Stn Code page of the


SETUP Results (Least Squares) screen.
14

In the Stn Code page of the SETUP Results


(Least Squares) screen:
This page allows us to select a code for the
setup station.
F1 (SET): Use this button to accept the
results of the resection and store the new
coordinates and orientation of the total station
to the database.
F2 (NEW-A): Use this button to create a new
attribute of type Normal and value type of
text for the current code.
F4 (LAST): Use this button to select the last
used code. This button is available if a code
has been previously used in the active job.
The point codes are sorted by time with the
most recently used code at the top of the list.
F5 (DEFLT): Use this button to recall the
default attribute values for the selected code.
This step continues on the following page.
Continued on next page

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6.5 Setup Method: Resection
Step
14

Action

Display

This step continues from the previous page:


Point Code: Use this field to select a
thematical code for the setup station. You
can select codes from a choice list if the
Thematic Codes field had With Codelist
selected. Codes can be typed in but not
selected from a choice list if the Thematical
Codes field had Without Codelist selected.
(This was set in step 3 of section 6.1
Accessing Setup. In our example we elected
to not use a codelist.)
Code Desc: This field is available if the
Thematic Codes field had With Codelist
selected.
Attribut n: This field becomes available if the
Thematical Codes field had Without
Codelist selected.
In this example we are not selecting a code
for this setup station so we will leave these
fields alone.

Leave these fields as they are.

Tap on the Plot tab.

This takes you to the Plot page of the SETUP


Results (Least Squares) screen.
Continued on next page

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6.5 Setup Method: Resection
Step

Action

15

In the Plot page of the SETUP Results (Least


Squares) screen:

Display

The plot page provides you with a graphical


representation of the resection. The points
used are colored black and displayed with
arrows pointing from the setup station to the
measured points. Points not used in the
resection but in the job are gray in color.
F4 (ZOOM+): Use this button to zoom into
the map. Pressing the ESC button stops the
zooming process and all keys become active
again.
F5 (ZOOM-): Use this button to zoom out of
the map. Pressing the ESC button stops the
zooming process and all keys become active
again.
SHIFT F2 (CONF): Use this button
combination to access the MANAGE
MapView Configuration screen.
SHIFT F3 (FIT): Use this button combination
to fit all displayable data into the screen area.
SHIFT F4 (FIT R): Use this button
combination to fit the results into the screen
area.
SHIFT F5 (RFRSH): Use this button
combination to refresh the screen.

Tap on the Sigma tab

This takes you back to the Sigma page of the


SETUP Results (Least Squares) screen.
Continued on next page

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6.5 Setup Method: Resection
Remember from step 11 that there was an issue with the resection and we had to
acknowledge a warning message alerting us about the issue. We will now
investigate that issue and attempt to determine where the problem is.

Issues With
Our Resection
Setup

Step
16

Action

Display

In the Sigma page of the SETUP Results


(Least Squares) screen:
We can see that there are issues with our
sigma () values.
Remember from step 13 that we can access
the residuals of the resection. This should aid
us in determining where our problem may
exist.

Press the F4 (INFO) button.

This takes you to the Status page of the


SETUP Additional Information screen.
17

In the Status page of the SETUP Additional


Information screen:
F1 (RECLC): Use this button to recalculate
the station data and update all values.
F3 (USE): Use this button to select whether a
target point is to be used in the calculation as
a 3D, 2D, 1D point, or not used at all. This
changes the value in the Use column.
F4 (REMOV): Use this button to delete the
selected point from the list of measured target
points and exclude it from the Setup
calculation.
This step continues on the following page.
Continued on next page

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6.5 Setup Method: Resection
Step
17

Action

Display

This step continues from the previous page:


F5 (MORE): Use this button to view more
information about each point.
SHIFT F5 (SURVY): Use this button
combination to measure more target points.
The Plot tab accesses the same plot view as
in step 15.
The Point ID column displays the point IDs of
the measured points.
The Use column indicates if and how a target
point is used in the station calculation. The
choices are 3D, 2D, 1D, and NO.
The Hz, Dist, and Height columns can
be displayed by pressing the F5 (MORE)
button. Differences between the calculated
and measured horizontal angles, distances
from station to target points, and heights for
the target points are displayed. If a target
point does not have coordinates, the symbol
----- is displayed. Differences exceeding the
defined limit are indicated by a *.
The icon indicates that the delta values of
the measured horizontal angle, distance, or
height exceed the calculation limit.
Quickly looking at the residuals it seems as if
point 105 may be the culprit for causing the
setup issue. It has the largest horizontal
angle residual at 0 3 7.
This step continues on the following page.
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6.5 Setup Method: Resection
Step
17

Action

Display

This step continues from the previous page:

Press the F5 (MORE) button.

This changes the Hz column to the Dist


column.
Notice that the Dist value of point 102 is
significantly larger than the other points.

Press the F5 (MORE) button again.

This changes the Dist column to the


Height column.
Notice the point 102 also has a large residual
in the height component.
Another indicator that pointed at point 102 as
being the problem point was the icon
beside the point ID. So lets remove this point
from the calculation.

Select point 102 and press the F4


(REMOV) button.

A confirmation window appears warning you


that you are about to remove the point.

Press the F6 (YES) button to accept


or F4 (NO) to reject proceeding with
the point removal. In this example
we will press F6 (YES).

This closes the confirmation window and


returns you to the Status page of the SETUP
Additional Information screen.
Continued on next page
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6.5 Setup Method: Resection
Step
18

Action

Display

In the Status page of the SETUP Additional


Information screen:

Now we see acceptable residuals and no


icons by any of the point IDs.

Press the F1 (RECLC) button to


recalculate the resection.

This returns us to the Sigma page of the


SETUP Results (Least Squares) screen.
19

In the Sigma page of the SETUP Results


(Least Squares) screen:
We now see that the residuals look very good
(perfect actually). But we want to include
point 102 in the resection. And after a little
thought about the initial measurement we
remembered that the rod person was having
difficulty with a bush full of thorns and a bees
nest at that measurement point and maybe
he didnt pay the necessary attention when
setting up the tripod. So well have him go
back and set the prism tripod over the point
again and well re-measure point 102.

Press the F5 (SURVY) button.

This takes you to the SETUP Measure Target


screen.
Continued on next page

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6.5 Setup Method: Resection
Step
20

Action

Display

In the SETUP Measure Target screen:

Point the telescope at point 102 and


press the F1 (ALL) button.

Press the F5 (CALC) button after


completing the measurement.

This takes you to the Stn Coords page of the


SETUP Results (Least Squares) screen.
21

In the Stn Coords page of the SETUP Results


(Least Squares) screen:
To investigate the results well view the
Additional Information page.

Press the F4 (INFO) button.

This takes you to the Status page of the


SETUP Additional Information page.
22

In the Status page of the SETUP Additional


Information page:
We now see the residuals are very small and
there are no icons beside any points so we
can feel confident that the re-measured point
102 was successful and resection resolved
correctly.

Press the F1 (RECLC) button.

This returns you to the Stn Coords page of


the SETUP Results (Least Squares) screen
Continued on next page

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6.5 Setup Method: Resection
Step

Action

23

In the Stn Coords page of the SETUP Results


(Least Squares) screen:

Display

Since we are content that the resection was


successful, we will set the instrument setup.

24

Press the F1 (SET) button.

Continuing in the Stn Coords page of the


SETUP Results (Least Squares) screen:
We are presented with an information
window.

Press the F4 (OK) button to


acknowledge the information box.

This closes the information box, sets the


instruments orientation and returns you to the
Main Menu.
25

In the Main Menu:


You are now ready to begin surveying.

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