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    LP Cardio

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    Nuriinaya
    Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by progressive dilatation of the heart ventricles and systolic dysfunction of the ventricles in the absence of other causes such as coronary artery disease. The main symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and dyspnea. On examination, patients may have an enlarged heart, elevated jugular venous pressure, edema, and signs of heart failure such as rales in the lungs. The causes of dilated cardiomyopathy are genetic factors, toxins like alcohol, viruses, and postpartum complications, though most cases have an unknown cause.

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    LP Cardio

    Uploaded by

    Nuriinaya
    79 views2 pages
    Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by progressive dilatation of the heart ventricles and systolic dysfunction of the ventricles in the absence of other causes such as coronary artery disease. The main symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and dyspnea. On examination, patients may have an enlarged heart, elevated jugular venous pressure, edema, and signs of heart failure such as rales in the lungs. The causes of dilated cardiomyopathy are genetic factors, toxins like alcohol, viruses, and postpartum complications, though most cases have an unknown cause.

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    Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by progressive dilatation of the heart ventricles and systolic dysfunction of the ventricles in the absence of other causes such as coronary artery disease. The main symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and dyspnea. On examination, patients may have an enlarged heart, elevated jugular venous pressure, edema, and signs of heart failure such as rales in the lungs. The causes of dilated cardiomyopathy are genetic factors, toxins like alcohol, viruses, and postpartum complications, though most cases have an unknown cause.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    79 views2 pages

    LP Cardio

    Uploaded by

    Nuriinaya
    Dilated cardiomyopathy is characterized by progressive dilatation of the heart ventricles and systolic dysfunction of the ventricles in the absence of other causes such as coronary artery disease. The main symptoms include fatigue, weakness, and dyspnea. On examination, patients may have an enlarged heart, elevated jugular venous pressure, edema, and signs of heart failure such as rales in the lungs. The causes of dilated cardiomyopathy are genetic factors, toxins like alcohol, viruses, and postpartum complications, though most cases have an unknown cause.

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    Definisi

    Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the heart muscle, characterized by abnormality in chamber


    size and wall thickness, or functional contractile dysfunctions mainly systolic or diastolic
    dysfunction in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease, or
    congenital heart disease (Elliott et al., 2008).
    The American Heart Association (AHA) expert consensus panel proposed definition of
    cardiomyopathies is as follows: Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases of
    the myocardium associated with mechanical and/or electrical dysfunction, which usually (but
    not invariably) exhibit inappropriate ventricular hypertrophy or dilatation, due to a variety of
    etiologies that frequently are genetic.
    Klasifikasi & Etiologi
    Cardiomyopathies are classified traditionally according to morphological and functional
    criteria into four categories: dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
    (HCM), restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM)
    1. Dilated cardiomiopathy
    Kardiomiopati dilatasi adalah jenis kardiomiopati dengan ciri-ciri yaitu
    terdapatnya dilatasi ruang ventrikel yang progresif dan disertai disfungsi
    dari kontraksi ventrikel saat sistolik. Penyakit ini memiliki banyak etiologi
    antara lain: genetik, bahan toksik (alkohol, doxorubicin), peripartum,
    miokarditis virus, tetapi pada sebagian besar kasus penyebabnya adalah
    idiopatik.
    Gejala:
    Symptoms of left ventricular failure dominate the clinical picture. Clinical
    presentation is variable, as most cases remain asymptomatic for years.
    Fatigue and weakness due to diminished cardiac output is often the

    presenting symptom. Many patients present with sudden onset of dyspnea


    during an episode of chest infection.
    Chest pain due to pulmonary embolism or abdominal pain of enlarged liver
    may occur during late stage of the disease. Clinical examination will show
    dyspnea and persistent tachycardia. Chyene-Stokes breathing indicates
    poor prognosis. Pulse pressure is low and during late stages of the disease,
    hands and feet may appear cold and clammy. Significant elevation of
    jugular venous pressure with prominent a and v waves may be seen. Large
    v waves due to tricuspid regurgitation indicate an ominous prognosis.
    Dependant edema and ascites are features of right-sided involvement.
    Moderate to large cardiomegaly with signs of biventricular enlargement
    and palpable shock of third heart sound will be present. Auscultation will
    reveal soft first heart sound, loud diastolic gallop and soft pansystolic
    murmur of mitral regurgitation. Pulmonary congestion produces bibasal
    rales over lung fields. Right heart failure is diagnosed by the presence of
    tender hepatomegaly, ascites and dependant edema.

    2. Hypertropic cardiomiopathy
    Kardiomiopati hipertrofi merupakan kardiomiopati dengan ciri yang
    dominan adalah terjadinya hipertrofi otot jantung. Etiologinya adalah
    kelainan genetik dengan pola penuruan autosomal dominan.

    3. Restrictive cardiomiopathy
    Kardiomiopati resktriktif merupakan kardiomiopati dengan ciri kekakuan
    ventrikel yang abnormal serta gangguan dalam pengisian ventrikel. Angka
    kejadian kardiomiopati jenis ini lebih jarang dibandingkan kedua jenis
    kardiomiopati lainnya.3-5 Etiologi dari keadaan ini adalah idiopatik,
    genetik, radiasi, infiltrasi (amiloid, sarkoidosis, hemokromatosis,glycogen),
    skleroderma.

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