Yuse Jed 2015 Interview

JUNE 2015
Vol. 38 No. 6
The
Electronic
Warfare
Publication
www.crows.org
The Journal of Electronic Defense
Missile
Warning for
Fighter Aircraft
Also in this issue: Technology Survey: RWR/ESM Systems
ELECTRONIC WARFARE
MISSION:
SEIZE THE SPECTRUM
Staying a step ahead of emerging threats. Protecting

warfighters. Improving survivability. It all starts with
seizing control of the electromagnetic spectrum and
using it to ensure mission success. Raytheon enables
customers to do just that, with full-spectrum solutions
that span a broad range of domains and capabilities.
Seize the spectrum with products

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Raytheon.com/spectrum
Connect with us:
2015 Raytheon Company. All rights reserved.
Customer Success Is Our Mission is a registered trademark of Raytheon Company.
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June 2015 Volume 38, Issue 6
The
Electronic
Warfare
Publication
www.crows.org
The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2015
News
The Monitor
15
HASC Report on FY2016 DOD Budget Recognizes
Critical Importance of EW.
World Report
20
New RWR for Italys NH90 Helos Moving Forward.
Features
Missile Warning for
Fighter Aircraft
26
John Haystead
For a variety of reasons, including advanced IR

threats, fighter aircraft users are expected to show a
new interest in missile warning systems over the next
several years. At the same time, the EW solution may
involve more than simple missile warning systems. JED
takes a look at whats on the horizon in missile warning
for fighter aircraft.
Cover and contents photos courtesy US Navy.
Technology Survey:
RWR/ESM Systems
39
Ollie Holt
This month, we are focusing on radar warning

receivers (RWRs) and electronic support measures
(ESM) systems, which have evolved significantly over
the past decade.
2015 AOC Election Guide
55
The AOC members guide to the candidates, voting
procedures and timelines for this years AOC Board of
Directors elections.
Departments
6
8
10
12
22
48
61
65
66
The View From Here

Conferences Calendar
Courses Calendar
From the President
Leadership Interview
EW 101
AOC News
Index of Advertisers
JED Quick Look
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FUSION FOR
FIGHTER
AIRCRAFT
The
Electronic
Warfare
Publication
www.crows.org
JUNE 2015 Vol. 38, No. 6
EDITORIAL STAFF
Editor: John Knowles
Managing Editor: Elaine Richardson
Senior Editor: John Haystead
Technical Editor: Ollie Holt
Editorial Assistant: Brittany Bowen
Contributing Writers: Dave Adamy, Luca Peruzzi,
Richard Scott
Marketing & Research Coordinator: Kent Agramonte
Proofreader: Shauna Keedian
his months JED features an excellent article about missile warning for
fighter aircraft, written by John Haystead. When I think back to the mid1990s, I remember how certain the EW community was at the time about
the need to put missile warning on fast jets. There was good reason for
this. During the 1991 Gulf War, infrared (IR) missiles were the deadliest
threat to coalition aircraft in that conflict, and this needed to be addressed. Airto-air threats were always a worry during the Cold War, but the most significant IR
threat during the Gulf War was from ground-based systems, as strike aircraft had
to routinely drop into the MANPADS threat envelope below 15,000 feet in order to
perform targeting and weapons release. By 1995, the US had started Engineering
and Manufacturing Development of the AAR-57 Common Missile Warning System
(CMWS), a joint-Service passive missile warning system that was slated for use on
most of the DODs fast jets, as well as its helicopters.
However, the air-to-air threat did not evolve much after the Cold War ended, as
few countries opted to challenge US air power. In addition, US strike aircraft were
able to leverage progress in stand-off targeting systems, such as the Litening and
Sniper pods, as well as GPS-guided munitions, which enabled strike aircraft to fly
their missions above 15,000 feet. Other countries followed suit and the demand for
missile warning on fast jets cooled significantly. These developments led the Air
Force and the Navy to drop out of the CMWS program before it reached production.
In the 2000s, despite the wide use of air power in the Global War on Terror, missile warning remained a low priority (as did most EW requirements) for fast jets.
Except for the initial weeks of the combat operations, coalition strike aircraft enjoyed fairly permissive threat environments above 15,000 feet in Afghanistan and
Iraq. This is not unique to Afghanistan and Iraq. Israel has seen the same trend in
its operations against Hezbollah in Lebanon and Hamas in the Gaza Strip.
Today, we are entering an era in which the air-to-air threat is beginning to
drive the fast jet missile warning discussion again. However, this missile warning
conversation is not picking up where it left off in the mid-1990s. Today, we are
talking about how to fuse missile warning with other sensor inputs, such as AESA
radar, IR search and track (IRST) and electronic support measures (ESM), and presenting this fused situational awareness picture to the pilot in the cockpit. Were
also seeing wider use of IR sensors, which typically perform better than UV sensors
at higher altitudes, in missile warning systems.
With this degree of sensor fusion, it is only a matter of time before we see
fighter/strike aircraft that feature 360-degree coverage from radar and IRST sensors, in addition to ESM and passive missile warning. Were not there yet. But it is
amazing how far we have come in 20 years. J. Knowles
Sales Administration: Candice Blair
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD

Mr. Micael Johansson
Senior Vice President and Head of Business Area,
Electronic Defence Systems, Saab
Mr. Edgar Maimon
General Manager, Elbit Systems EW and SIGINT Elisra
Mr. Jeffrey Palombo
Senior VP and GM, Land and Self-Protection Systems Division,
Electronic Systems, Northrop Grumman Corp.
Mr. Steve Roberts
Vice President, Strategy, Selex Galileo
Mr. Travis Slocumb
VP, Electronic Warfare Systems, Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems
Mr. Rich Sorelle
President, Electronic Systems Division, Exelis
Gp Capt P.J. Wallace
Assistant Head Targeting, Military Strategic Effects, UK MOD
Dr. Richard Wittstruck
Acting Deputy Program Executive Officer, PEO Intelligence, Electronic
Warfare and Sensors, USA
PRODUCTION STAFF
Layout & Design: Barry Senyk
Advertising Art: Elaine Connell
Contact the Editor: (978) 509-1450, [email protected]
Contact the Sales Manager:
(800) 369-6220 or [email protected]
Subscription Information: Please contact Glorianne ONeilin
at (703) 549-1600 or e-mail [email protected].
is published for the AOC by
5950 NW 1st Place

Gainesville, FL 32607
Phone: (800) 369-6220 Fax: (352) 331-3525
www.naylor.com
2015 Association of Old Crows/Naylor, LLC. All rights reserved. The
contents of this publication may not be reproduced by any means, in
whole or in part, without the prior written authorization of the publisher.
Editorial: The articles and editorials appearing in this magazine do not
represent an official AOC position, except for the official notices printed
in the Association News section or unless specifically identified as an
AOC position.
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c ale ndar
confe re nc e s
JUNE
Kittyhawk Week 2015 Technical
Interchange Meeting
June 1-3
Dayton, OH
www.kittyhawkaoc.org
6th Annual Electronic Warfare/
Cyber Convergence Conference
June 2-4
Charleston, SC
www.crows.org
AOC International & Foreign Military
Sales EW Symposium
June 9-11
Atlanta, GA
www.peachtreeroost.org
Paris Air Show
June 15-21
Paris, France
www.siae.fr/EN
AUGUST
7th Annual EW Capability Gaps and
Enabling Technologies Operational &
Technical Information Exchange
August 11-13
Crane, IN
www.crows.org
&
trad e s hows
SEPTEMBER
AFA Air & Space Conference
September 14-16
National Harbor, MD
www.afa.org
USMC Spectrum Maneuver Warfare

October 28-29
MCAS Cherry Point, NC
www.crows.org
NOVEMBER
DSEI 2015
September 15-18
London, UK
www.dsei.co.uk
EW Africa 2015
November 3-4
Pretoria, South Africa
www.crows.org
Modern Day Marine

September 22-24
Quantico, VA
www.marinemilitaryexpos.com
Dubai Air Show

November 8-12
Dubai, UAE
www.dubaiairshow.aero
OCTOBER
Cyber Electromagnetic Activity 2015
October 6-8
Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD
www.crows.org
AUSA Annual Meeting and Exposition
October 12-14
Washington, DC
www.ausa.org
MILCOM 2015
October 26-28
Tampa, FL
www.milcom.org
I/ITSEC
November 30-December 4
Orlando, FL
www.iitsec.org
DECEMBER
52nd Annual AOC International
Symposium and Convention
December 1-3
Washington, DC
www.crows.org a
Items in red denote AOC Headquarters or

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and affordable capabilities, we partner with our customers to enable electromagnetic
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www.lockheedmartin.com/EW
c ale ndar
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JUNE
Digital Radio Frequency Memory
(DRFM) Technology
June 2-5
Atlanta, GA
www.pe.gatech.edu
Radar Cross Section Reduction
June 8-10
Atlanta, GA
www.pe.gatech.edu
AOC Virtual Series: Signal Analysis in
Congested Environments
June 11
www.crows.org
&
se mina r s
JULY
Introduction to
Radar Warning Receivers
June 12
Atlanta, GA
www.pe.gatech.edu
Adaptive Arrays: Algorithms,

Architectures and Applications
July 28-31
Atlanta, GA
www.pe.gatech.edu
Advanced Electronic Warfare

June 23-26
Alexandria, VA
www.crows.org
AUGUST
AOC Virtual Series: MIMO Radars

Whatever You Can Do, We Can Do
June 25
www.crows.org
Basic RF EW Concepts
August 11-13
Las Vegas, NV
www.pe.gatech.edu
Infrared/Visible Signature Suppression
August 25-28
Atlanta, GA
www.pe.gatech.edu
SEPTEMBER
Basic RF EW Concepts
September 1-3
Atlanta, GA
www.pe.gatech.edu
Digital Radio Frequency Memory
(DRFM) Technology
September 1-4
Atlanta, GA
www.pe.gatech.edu
Fundamental Principles of
Electronic Warfare
September 15-18
Alexandria, VA
www.crows.org
10
Principles of
Radar Electronic Protection
September 22-25
Atlanta, GA
www.pe.gatech.edu
Introduction to Electronic Intelligence
(ELINT)
September 28-30
Alexandria, VA
www.crows.org
OCTOBER
Advanced RF EW Principles
October 12-16
Atlanta, GA
www.pe.gatech.edu
Essentials of 21st Century EW
October 20-23
Alexandria, VA
www.crows.org
Radar Warning Receiver System
Design and Analysis
October 26-30
Atlanta, GA
www.pe.gatech.edu a
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Association of Old Crows
1000 North Payne Street, Suite 200
Alexandria, VA 22314-1652
Phone: (703) 549-1600
Fax: (703) 549-2589
YOU HAVE
RESPONSIBILITIES
PLEASE VOTE!
12
here is probably no greater responsibility in the International AOC than

the opportunity to vote for your desired candidate. The Board of Directors
(BOD) is the governing body of the International AOC and is composed of
the President, Directors, President Elect and the Immediate Past President
(Invited). However, for the past several elections our voter turnout has
been disproportionately low hovering around 10 percent of our entire
13,000 members. This low percentage challenges the core concept of the International
AOC BOD being a Representational Governance body. In many cases, we have only
one candidate running for an elected office, which compromises the value of differing
points of views and opinions. I know many of our members feel strongly about our strategy and the direction of the International AOC. They have legitimate concerns both
from a budget perspective, as well as a mission solution approach. These concerns will
not be heard or vetted if those who hold these views do not vote or actively participate.
There is probably no mission area receiving more focus right now than Electromagnetic Maneuver Warfare. If you doubt this, see the recent press releases on the creation
of the Pentagons Senior EW Council. Electromagnetic Maneuver Warfare is a Navy-led
effort to create a deliberate approach to operate and succeed in what the CNO, ADM
Jonathan Greenert, has described at the Electromagnetic (EM)-cyber environment.
This environment will be contested, congested and competitive. Not only do we need
to reduce our vulnerabilities in various selected areas of the EM-cyber Environment,
we need to address how we will maintain our technical and operational leadership in
this critical warfighting mission space. We need International AOC leaders who can articulate the EW-related issues, understand the consequences of inaction and can help
shape value-added decisions in support of our warfighters.
Our International AOC mission is straightforward: we educate, we support and we
advocate. We have expanded our focus to advance not only the EW profession but also
the entire Electromagnetic Spectrum Operations (EMSO) community. EW is a critical
element of National security and deserves our best efforts. Your vote this cycle will
install a two-year tenured International AOC President who will help guide and articulate the strategic focus of integrating cyber elements into our traditional EW and
broader IO mission responsibilities. The opportunity of members to directly elect their
President is not shared by members of all associations, and is part of what makes the
International AOC special.
The electromagnetic spectrum will be dominated by those who understand how the
various elements of evolving spectrum activities can enhance our operations and degrade those of our adversaries. Your vote matters and ensures we have the right leaders to make things happen, to work cooperatively, and to advance the interests of our
members, chapters and partners in the military, government, industry and academia.
Thank you for voting. Maj Gen Kenneth Israel, USAF (Ret.)
PRESIDENT
Ken Israel
VICE PRESIDENT
Dave Hime
SECRETARY
Vickie Greenier
TREASURER
Joe Koesters
PAST PRESIDENT
Wayne Shaw
AT-LARGE DIRECTORS
Powder Carlson
Todd Caruso
Vickie Greenier
Craig Harm
Brian Hinkley
Amanda Kammier
Mark Schallheim
Muddy Watters
Paul Westcott
APPOINTED DIRECTORS
Robert Elder
Anthony Lisuzzo
REGIONAL DIRECTORS
Southern: Lisa Fruge-Cirilli
Central: Joe Koesters
Northeastern: Nino Amoroso
Mountain-Western: Sam Roberts
Mid-Atlantic: Douglas Lamb
Pacific: Joe Hulsey
International I: Robert Andrews
International II: Jeff Walsh
IO: Al Bynum
AOC STAFF
Mike Dolim
Executive Director
[email protected]
Shelley Frost
Director, Logistics
[email protected]
Glorianne ONeilin
Director, Member Services
[email protected]
Brock Sheets
Director, Marketing
[email protected]
John Clifford
Director,
Global Programs
[email protected]
Stew Taylor
Exhibits Manager
[email protected]
Bridget Whyde
Marketing/Communications Assistant
[email protected]
XXX
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OCTAVE BAND LOW NOISE AMPLIFIERS

Model No.
Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure (dB) Power -out @ P1-dB 3rd Order ICP
VSWR
CA01-2110
0.5-1.0
28
1.0 MAX, 0.7 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA12-2110
1.0-2.0
30
1.0 MAX, 0.7 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA24-2111
2.0-4.0
29
1.1 MAX, 0.95 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA48-2111
4.0-8.0
29
1.3 MAX, 1.0 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA812-3111
8.0-12.0
27
1.6 MAX, 1.4 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA1218-4111
12.0-18.0
25
1.9 MAX, 1.7 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA1826-2110
18.0-26.5
32
3.0 MAX, 2.5 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
NARROW BAND LOW NOISE AND MEDIUM POWER AMPLIFIERS
CA01-2111
0.4 - 0.5
28
0.6 MAX, 0.4 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA01-2113
0.8 - 1.0
28
0.6 MAX, 0.4 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA12-3117
1.2 - 1.6
25
0.6 MAX, 0.4 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA23-3111
2.2 - 2.4
30
0.6 MAX, 0.45 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA23-3116
2.7 - 2.9
29
0.7 MAX, 0.5 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA34-2110
3.7 - 4.2
28
1.0 MAX, 0.5 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA56-3110
5.4 - 5.9
40
1.0 MAX, 0.5 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA78-4110
7.25 - 7.75
32
1.2 MAX, 1.0 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA910-3110
9.0 - 10.6
25
1.4 MAX, 1.2 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA1315-3110
13.75 - 15.4
25
1.6 MAX, 1.4 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA12-3114
1.35 - 1.85
30
4.0 MAX, 3.0 TYP
+33 MIN
+41 dBm
2.0:1
CA34-6116
3.1 - 3.5
40
4.5 MAX, 3.5 TYP
+35 MIN
+43 dBm
2.0:1
CA56-5114
5.9 - 6.4
30
5.0 MAX, 4.0 TYP
+30 MIN
+40 dBm
2.0:1
CA812-6115
8.0 - 12.0
30
4.5 MAX, 3.5 TYP
+30 MIN
+40 dBm
2.0:1
CA812-6116
8.0 - 12.0
30
5.0 MAX, 4.0 TYP
+33 MIN
+41 dBm
2.0:1
CA1213-7110 12.2 - 13.25
28
6.0 MAX, 5.5 TYP
+33 MIN
+42 dBm
2.0:1
CA1415-7110 14.0 - 15.0
30
5.0 MAX, 4.0 TYP
+30 MIN
+40 dBm
2.0:1
CA1722-4110 17.0 - 22.0
25
3.5 MAX, 2.8 TYP
+21 MIN
+31 dBm
2.0:1
ULTRA-BROADBAND & MULTI-OCTAVE BAND AMPLIFIERS
Model No.
Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure (dB) Power -out @ P1-dB 3rd Order ICP
VSWR
CA0102-3111
0.1-2.0
28
1.6 Max, 1.2 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA0106-3111
0.1-6.0
28
1.9 Max, 1.5 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA0108-3110
0.1-8.0
26
2.2 Max, 1.8 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA0108-4112
0.1-8.0
32
3.0 MAX, 1.8 TYP
+22 MIN
+32 dBm
2.0:1
CA02-3112
0.5-2.0
36
4.5 MAX, 2.5 TYP
+30 MIN
+40 dBm
2.0:1
CA26-3110
2.0-6.0
26
2.0 MAX, 1.5 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA26-4114
2.0-6.0
22
5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP
+30 MIN
+40 dBm
2.0:1
CA618-4112
6.0-18.0
25
5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP
+23 MIN
+33 dBm
2.0:1
CA618-6114
6.0-18.0
35
5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP
+30 MIN
+40 dBm
2.0:1
CA218-4116
2.0-18.0
30
3.5 MAX, 2.8 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA218-4110
2.0-18.0
30
5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP
+20 MIN
+30 dBm
2.0:1
CA218-4112
2.0-18.0
29
5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP
+24 MIN
+34 dBm
2.0:1
LIMITING AMPLIFIERS
Model No.
Freq (GHz) Input Dynamic Range Output Power Range Psat Power Flatness dB VSWR
CLA24-4001
2.0 - 4.0
-28 to +10 dBm
+7 to +11 dBm
+/- 1.5 MAX
2.0:1
CLA26-8001
2.0 - 6.0
-50 to +20 dBm
+14 to +18 dBm
+/- 1.5 MAX
2.0:1
CLA712-5001 7.0 - 12.4
-21 to +10 dBm
+14 to +19 dBm
+/- 1.5 MAX
2.0:1
CLA618-1201 6.0 - 18.0
-50 to +20 dBm
+14 to +19 dBm
+/- 1.5 MAX
2.0:1
AMPLIFIERS WITH INTEGRATED GAIN ATTENUATION
Model No.
Freq (GHz)
Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure (dB) Power -out @ P1-dB Gain Attenuation Range VSWR
CA001-2511A 0.025-0.150
21
5.0 MAX, 3.5 TYP
+12 MIN
30 dB MIN
2.0:1
CA05-3110A
0.5-5.5
23
2.5 MAX, 1.5 TYP
+18 MIN
20 dB MIN
2.0:1
CA56-3110A
5.85-6.425
28
2.5 MAX, 1.5 TYP
+16 MIN
22 dB MIN
1.8:1
CA612-4110A
6.0-12.0
24
2.5 MAX, 1.5 TYP
+12 MIN
15 dB MIN
1.9:1
CA1315-4110A 13.75-15.4
25
2.2 MAX, 1.6 TYP +16 MIN
20 dB MIN
1.8:1
CA1518-4110A 15.0-18.0
30
3.0 MAX, 2.0 TYP
+18 MIN
20 dB MIN
1.85:1
LOW FREQUENCY AMPLIFIERS
Power -out @ P1-dB 3rd Order ICP VSWR
Model No.
Freq (GHz) Gain (dB) MIN Noise Figure dB
CA001-2110 0.01-0.10
18
4.0 MAX, 2.2 TYP
+10 MIN
+20 dBm
2.0:1
CA001-2211 0.04-0.15
24
3.5 MAX, 2.2 TYP
+13 MIN
+23 dBm
2.0:1
CA001-2215 0.04-0.15
23
4.0 MAX, 2.2 TYP
+23 MIN
+33 dBm
2.0:1
CA001-3113
0.01-1.0
28
4.0 MAX, 2.8 TYP
+17 MIN
+27 dBm
2.0:1
CA002-3114
0.01-2.0
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t he
HASC REPORT ON 2016 DOD BUDGET
RECOGNIZES CRITICAL IMPORTANCE
OF ELECTRONIC WARFARE
These included restoring $28.7 million to

the Air Forces EC130H Compass Call,
EW aircraft modification program, in
recognition of the unique electronic
warfare capabilities provided by this
aircraft, and an additional $50 million
to conduct integration and testing for
an F16 AESA radar upgrade, an effort
that had previously been cancelled, and
which had also included major associated upgrades to the F-16s EW suite.
The committee notes that, despite the
termination of the F-16 Combat Avionics
Programmed Extension Suite (CAPES),
the Department of the Air Force is considering a new effort to upgrade F16
radars from the current APG68 system
to a modern AESA radar system ...and,
accordingly, encourages the Department
of the Air Force to budget for development and procurement of this upgrade
in the Future Years Defense Program.
Reflecting even more detailed attention, the Committee called out the fact
that the Navys FY2016 budget request
for the Next Generation Jammer (NGC)
program did not include funds for the
low-band transmitter consolidation
Engineering Change Proposal (ECP). The
committee notes that the Increment 2
(Inc 2) element of the NGJ program,
which addresses low band jammer issues,
is planned to begin fielding later, in
2026, and that, as a result, the current
ALQ-99 low band transmitters will be
required in the interim... Therefore, the
committee recommends $37.2 million,
an increase of $15.0 million, for the low
band transmitter consolidation ECP. The
Committee expects that these funds
would be used for production and fielding of low band transmitter consolidation
ECP installations.
Knowledge of, and attention to, electromagnetic spectrum technology and
requirements was not limited to the RF
and microwave portions of the spectrum. For example, the committee also
stated its belief that the Air Force should
consider, as part of the requirements for

the Next Generation Joint Surveillance
Target Attack Radar System (JSTARS), an
integrated electro-optical/infrared (EO/
IR) search capability. The committee
notes that EO/IR capability is already in
very high demand and that adding this
capability to Next Generation JSTARS may
enable the platform to provide additional
intelligence support capability. The committee directed the Secretary of the Air
Force to provide a briefing to the HASC
by March 1, 2016, on the potential utility
of an integrated EO/IR capability on Next
Generation JSTARS aircraft.
And, on a fiscally cautious note, but
also reflecting the Committees level of
attention on the technology, the HASC
also observed that both the Air Force
and Navy are developing new IRST capabilities for their F-15 and F/A-18 aircraft,
respectively. It required the Secretary
of Defense to submit a report by March
1, 2016 comparing the requirements of
the two efforts and explain any need for
the Navy and Air Force to field different
IRST systems.
In other EW funding, all of the Armys
EW equipment procurement requests
were fully funded, including $2.96 million for CREW, $2.6 million for the EW
Planning and Management Tool (EWPMT)
program, $13.7 million for the Armys
EMARSS and $56.2 million for Aircraft
Survivability Equipment (ASE). Funding
for the Common Missile Warning System
(CMWS) received an increase of $26 million to meet an unfunded requirement
for Apache Survivability Enhancements.
The Navy received an additional $28
million to meet an unfunded requirement for two SEWIP Block II systems. The
Marine Corps MAGTF EW for aviation budget request of $7.7 million was also fully
funded. The Air Forces Large Aircraft IR
Countermeasures (LAIRCM) procurement
was also fully funded at $84.3 million.
EW RDT&E funding also did well in
the HASC bill, including an additional
EW technology and programs received

significant attention and support in the
House of Representatives version of the
National Defense Authorization Act (H.R.
1735), which was passed on the House
floor as this issue of JED went to press. In
the committee report accompanying the
bill, the House Armed Services Committee
(HASC) expressed its strong endorsement
of the recent establishment of the EW
Executive Committee (EXCOM) by the
Deputy Secretary of Defense with an initial focus on EW strategy, acquisition,
operational support and security. The
committee commends the Department of
Defense for making such a strong move to
improve oversight of all EW activities, and
looks forward to hearing more from the
Department about how it will operate and
key recommendations it plans to make.
The committee also noted its recognition of the importance of EW in countering specific, growing threat areas, such as
that posed by unmanned aerial systems
to US and coalition forces. For example,
it highlighted the Army EW Divisions
efforts to develop technology that
can recognize and disrupt the uplinks
between unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
and their ground-based controllers. The
committee encourages the Army to continue its research into severing these
control signals.
The HASC report also listed EW as one
of the key elements to be considered in
the DODs approach to providing a robust
approach to passive defense both left and
right of enemy launch for Integrated Air
and Missile Defense (IAMD), as identified
by the Joint Chiefs of Staffs Vision 2020
study released in December of last year.
In addition to general statements
in support of EW, the Committee also
took strong and specific measures in key
funding areas of importance to EW priorities, including unfunded requirements.
monitor
news
15
t h e
m o n i t o r
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$24 million for the Armys Common

Infrared Countermeasures (CIRCM) program and an additional $75 million for
other Aircraft Survivability Equipment to
meet unfunded requirements for Apache
survivability. The Air Forces F15 EPAWSS
development program was also fully
funded at $186.5 million. J. Haystead
AFRL TO SOLICIT HPEM

DEVELOPMENT
The US Air Force Research Lab,
Directed Energy Directorate (Kirtland
AFB, NM), has issued a new Broad
Agency Announcement (BAA) for
its High-Powered Electromagnetics
(HPEM) Research Program. Managed by
the Directorates HPEM Division (RDH),
the BAA outlines six technical areas
that will be addressed through specific
research calls.
The technical areas are:
HPEM Transition (Technical Area 1):
Under this area, AFRL will conduct
studies, analyze, and develop concepts
that support the transitional efforts of
HPEM systems, components and information to the user community. This
includes the feasibility of integration

and development of HPEM technology
into a platform, trade-space studies and
demonstration of a proof-of-concept
through analysis and testing, according to the BAA.
HPEM Cyber/Electronic Warfare
Applications (Technical Area 2): This
will support identification and development of HPEM technologies with
the potential to complement and
enhance mission effectiveness of the
cyber and electronic warfare communities. This includes the study, analysis, and formulation of scenarios in
which HPEM can be used for cyber or
EW applications, conducting of experiments, and demonstration of innovative concepts.
HPEM Effects (Technical Area 3): This
research will concentrate on collecting
and analyzing empirical effects data
against a broad range of electronics,
and to conduct basic research on the
mechanisms of HPEM effects at the
device, circuit and system levels. It
will also develop computational predictive tools based on qualitative effect
mechanisms, collect empirical test data

for validating predictive models, and
further battle damage methodologies
with respect to HPEM effects.
Electromagnetic Weapons Technology
(Technical Area 4): The objectives of
this technical area are to investigate,
develop and ultimately transition new
HPEM Weapon concepts, HPEM materials and components, and compact
pulsed power topologies. Work in this
area shall include, but is not limited
to: 1) the development of compact
repetitive pulsed power topologies
complementary to HPEM source development, as well as the development
and transition of new component and
pulsed power technology with pervasive applications to a breadth of EM
sources; 2) the investigation of the
effects of high-energy particle beams
and their associated radiation on electronic systems; 3) the development of
new techniques and sources to create
weak and strongly ionized plasmas
using ultrashort pulse lasers (USPL),
as well as demonstrating the generation of militarily relevant plasmas
16
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with USPL across a variety of wavelengths; and 4) the examination of

the physics of various types of plasmas
generated by HPEM, the interaction
of these plasmas with materials and
the feasibility of generating relevant
plasmas with compact systems; and
5) the development of advanced HPEM
materials for sources, such as anodes
and cathodes, to be utilized in HPEM
relevant research.
Numerical Simulation (Technical Area
5): Research in this area will develop
and continuously improve the worldclass simulation tools within RDH,
which enable the effective development of modern HPEM systems, and
the continuous development, maintenance, and interface expansion of the
Improved Concurrent Electromagnetic
Particle-in-Cell (ICEPIC) software.
There are several other known areas
of portfolio expansion. Work in this
area shall include: 1) The development
of next generation particle-in-cell
tools, including the use of geometry
confirming meshes and codes optimized for advanced, modern computer
architectures; 2) the development and
maintenance of frameworks, automatic
optimization and uncertainty quantification (UQ) methods as well as tools
for end-to-end simulation of all types
of directed energy systems related to
the directed energy high performance
computing software applications institute (DE HSAI); 3) develop the capability to conduct first principles material
modeling based on quantum mechanics
and density functional theory (DFT)
for improved component performance
within HPEM systems; and 4) develop
an automated, robust validation and
verification program for all of the above
software application areas.
NextGen HPEM (Technical Area 6): This
will develop the source and antenna
technologies capable of meeting the
platform and capability constraints of
potential HPEM capability concepts.
Work in this area shall include the
development of broadband high power
amplifiers, tunable high power oscillators, and broadband antennas that
can be used to develop empirical radio
frequency (RF) effects over a broad
range of frequencies, pulse lengths,
17
Visit mrcy.com/OpenRFM to download the Position Paper:

OpenRFM - A Better Alternative For An Open Architecture to
Support EW, EA and SIGINT Applications
Copyright 2015 Mercury Systems, Innovation That Matters
and OpenRFM are trademarks of Mercury Systems, Inc. - 3109
3/31/15 7:10 PM
t h e
m o n i t o r
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pulse repetition frequencies, and power

densities. Orchestrating the development of HPEM sources to meet Technical
Performance Measures/Metrics leading
to technology maturation from concept
demonstration to laboratory demonstration is a key tenet of this Technical
Areas focus.
The BAA covers a five-year period,
during which ARFL is expected to issue
several calls for research related to
the technical areas described above.
Annual funding is anticipated to be
$26-$30 million per year and could total
approximately $251 million over the
course of the BAA. The point of contact for the HPEM BAA is Tyrone Tran
(AFRL/RDHA), (505) 846-0299, e-mail
[email protected]. JED Staff
IN BRIEF
Mercury Systems has been awarded a
$7.1 million contract from the US Navys
Naval Warfare Center (Crane, IN) for spare
RF tuners, digital receivers and related
equipment for the AN/SLQ-32(V)6 surface ship EW system. Final deliveries are
scheduled for May 2020.
The Space and Naval Warfare Systems

Center - Atlantic (Charleston, SC) has
issued an RFI for commercial off-the-shelf
(COTS) airborne direction finding (DF) systems. The DF system should at a minimum
cover the 20- to 3000-MHz frequency range,
with objective coverage down to 3 MHz
and up to 6000 MHz. It should provide an
accuracy of 5-15 degrees RMS, and it will be
integrated with an existing carry-on/carryoff threat warning system. The point of
contact is Ashlee Landreth, (843) 218-4082,
e-mail [email protected].
LtCol Paul K. Johnson has assumed

command of Marine Tactical Aircraft
Squadron 4 (VMAQ-4). He replaced LtCol
David A. Mueller during a change-ofcommand ceremony on April 30. Johnson
takes command of the Seahawks having
served as the squadrons operations officer and as its maintenance officer from
2010 until 2012. He was assigned to the
Expeditionary Warfare School in Quantico
from June 2012 until March 2014.

The US Armys Armament Research,
Development and Engineering Center
(ARDEC) at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, has
issued a request for information to learn
more about the state-of-the-art in countermeasures against rocket-propelled
grenades (RPGs), anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) and unmanned air systems (UASs). The point of contact is
Nadine Schneider, (973) 724-4800, e-mail
[email protected].

The US Army has issued a request for
information (RFI) to identify companies
to provide program management, engineering, logistics, business, operations
and system integration for the electronic
intelligence (ELINT) subsystems for the
Armys Guardrail RC-12X+ aircraft program. The contractor will provide support to the Project Manager, Sensors
- Aerial Intelligence (PM SAI) at Aberdeen
Proving Ground, MD. The point of contact
is Robin Dennis, (443) 861-5369, e-mail
[email protected]. a
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NEW RWR FOR ITALYS NH90 HELOS MOVING FORWARD
20
Elettronica Group (Rome, Italy) is

progressing according to plans in a
15-month program to integrate, test
and qualify its lightweight and compact ELT/160 Radar Warning Receiver
(RWR) for the NHIndustries (Aix en
Provence, France) NH90 Tactical Transport Helicopters (TTHs) in service with
Italys armed forces. The requirement
for an advanced lightweight RWR was
launched after the Libyan crisis operations, where the proliferation of modern
RF-guided Surface-to-Air Missile (SAM)
systems and todays electromagnetically
dense operational scenarios, characterized by advanced emitters being used
by both friendly and hostile platforms,
highlighted the urgent need for timely
and more reliable threat awareness. Following a thorough assessment in simulated operational scenarios, the NATO
Helicopter Management Agency (NAHEMA) awarded Elettronica the (undisclosed-value) contract last October on
behalf of the Italian MoD.
Acting as the EW suite controller,
the ELT/160 is integrated with the Airbus Defence & Space MILDS AAR 60 missile warner, Selex ES RALM-01/V2 laser
warning receiver and MBDA ELIPS-NH
chaff and flare dispenser. The contract includes the development and
evaluation of a pre-series production
system with a first batch production
contract planned for the beginning
of 2016. Among the requirements, the
systems Line Replaceable Units (LRUs)
are subject to mechanical repackaging
to ensure the complete form, fit and
function replacement of the platforms
existing equipment. The system is to be
installed on board new and in-service
helicopters through a phased retrofit
program. In total, the Italian MoD is

expected to buy up to 70 systems for
both its Army and Navys TTH versions.
The ELT/160 is characterized by a
lightweight design with four Direction
Finding (DF) antenna units together
with one integrated receiver and an additional processing unit to serve as an
EW controller. The system has wideband
RF coverage (E to K) and is capable of
real-time de-interleaving, sorting, analysis, tracking and recording of known

and unknown emissions (even those
emissions not pre-loaded in the library),
high speed threat identification, and
full digital processing of intercepted
signals. In addition to the Italian armed
forces, the ELT/160s capabilities have
attracted the interest of other NH90 operators. L. Peruzzi
IN BRIEF
The NATO Communications and Information (NCI) Agency intends to issue an
Invitation for Bid (IFB) for the provision of Electronic Counter Measure (ECM) systems against Radio-Controlled Improvised Explosive Devices (RCIEDs) - Phase 1,
in direct support of the NATO Response Force (NRF). The requirement is expected
to encompass the provision of three vehicular and three static ECM systems. Bid
closing is planned for July, 2015 with contract award in January 2016. The reference number is: IFB-CO-13500-NRF.
Terma (Aarhus, Denmark) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
with Aselsan (Ankara, Turkey) to define potential areas of collaboration. The
MoU also includes transfer of ownership and intellectual property rights of
Termas F-16 Modular Reconnaissance Pod from Terma to Aselsan.
The US State Department has approved a number of possible Foreign Military Sale
(FMS) requests including a sale to India for follow-on support for C-130J Super
Hercules aircraft including associated equipment, parts and logistical support for
an estimated cost of $96 million. The government of India had requested support
for five years for their fleet of C-130Js, including eight spare AN/ALE-47 CounterMeasures Dispensing Systems, six spare AN/ALR-56M Advanced Radar Warning
Receivers and up to 9,000 flare cartridges. The principal contractor will be the
Lockheed-Martin Company (Marietta, GA). Also approved was a sale to Australia
of 24 F/A-18E/F Super Hornet and 12 EA-18G Growler aircraft including aircraft
sustainment and associated equipment, parts and logistical support for an estimated cost of $1.5 billion. The Department also approved a $3 billion FMS to Japan
of 17 V-22B Block C Osprey aircraft including 40 AAQ-27 Forward Looking Infrared
Radars, 40 AAR-47 Missile Warning Systems, 40 APR-39 Radar Warning Receivers,
40 ALE-47 Countermeasure Dispenser Systems, 40 APX-123 Identification Friend
or Foe Systems, 40 629F-23 Multi-Band Radios (Non-COMSEC), 40 ASN-163
Miniature Airborne Global Positioning System (GPS) Receivers (MAGR), 40 ARN153 Tactical Airborne Navigation Systems, Joint Mission Planning System (JMPS),
as well as other support and test equipment. The principal contractors will be Bell
Helicopter and Boeing Rotorcraft Systems. a
Unlocking The Insights

That Inspire Your Next
Eureka! MomentSooner
Mark W
Wallace
Vice Pre
President and General Manager
Keysight Technologies, Inc.
For more than 75 years we have been helping you unlock

measurement insights, first as the electronic-measurement
businesses of Hewlett-Packard and Agilent Technologies,
and now, as Keysight Technologies.
From Day 1, there have been two sides to the story. One is
the work we do, creating leading-edge instrumentation and
software. The other is the work you do: designing, developing,
debugging, troubleshooting, manufacturing, testing, installing
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Those seemingly unrelated activities are actually connected by
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insight. When those happen for us, the results are innovations
that help you reach new breakthroughs.
Enabling the right idea at the right time
This is our legacy. Keysight is a company built on a history
of firsts, dating back to the days when Bill Hewlett and Dave
Packard worked in the garage at 367 Addison Avenue in Palo Alto,
California. Our firsts began with U.S. patent number 2,268,872
for a variable-frequency oscillation generator. Appropriately,
the heart of Bills design was a light bulb, which is often used to
symbolize a new idea.
Our future depends on your success, and our vision is simple: by
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Keysight Technologies, Inc. 2015
Offering expertise you can leverage

This is happening in aerospace and defense applications where
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21
leadership interview
Rick Yuse
Throughout Rick Yuses 39-year career at Raytheon, he has been at the cutting edge of technology and innovation, from the first electronically scanned phased array radars used to monitor Russian ICBM launches to revolutionary developments in electronic and information
warfare today.
After earning his Masters in Electrical Engineering from Northeastern University in 1976, Yuse joined Raytheon and spent his early career
working on virtually every radar program forming the backbone of the US missile defense system, thanks to assignments and promotions
at Raytheons Equipment Division, Integrated Defense Systems and Technical Services Company.
Since 2010, when he stepped up to lead Space and Airborne Systems (SAS), the business has successfully built upon its strength in airborne radars for fighter aircraft, ISR platforms and tactical and space-based communications. He also has presided over the companys
resurgence as a leader in the EW market, winning contracts for the US Navys Next Generation Jammer (NGJ) and the US Armys EW
Planning and Management Tool (EWPMT).
JED spoke with him about his experience and more specifically, the companys approach to the EW market.
JED:
What was the most important lesson that you

learned as an engineer in your early years at Raytheon?
RY: Im not sure I appreciated it at the time, but as I look
back on the skills and practices that were ingrained in me

by mentors and supervisors, I think the most valuable lessons were to be curious, engaged and demonstrate a willingness to dive in and work hard. I also learned about the
importance of developing critical thinking skills. You have
to look at all aspects of a situation and account for all consequences, especially those that are unintended.
22
JED: When you took the helm at SAS in 2010, what were
some of the major management and technology development goals that you set out to achieve?
RY: When I arrived at SAS, I found a solid business

with great legacy programs in airborne radar, EO/
IR and space. So I wanted to ensure that the
company continued to focus on capabilities
that would keep us ahead of future threats.
Our technology development strategy focused
on four areas: electronic warfare; high energy
lasers; high integrity processors to embed cyber security in weapon systems; and open,
scalable, multi-function architectures for future weapon systems. We have made significant progress on all fronts.
In EW, for instance, we wanted to become
a significant player because we believed that
fielded capabilities, which relied on older tube
and horn technology, would be inadequate to control the electromagnetic spectrum in what was
then generally called contested environments and
today is called anti-access/area denial (A2/AD)
environments. We need to put the magic back in
the hands of our warfighters.
As a result, we made investments in electronic
attack, electronic support, electronic protection,
signals intelligence (SIGINT), communications,
cyber, and lasers. Its all about redefining the boundaries of

information warfare, and were making excellent progress
across the board. We are working on a new generation of
sophisticated, scalable, affordable, end-to-end EW systems.
JED: Raytheon has been one of the key players in leveraging Active, Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) technology for EW applications. What are some of the critical
lessons that SAS learned from AESA radar development,
and how have these lessons helped with development of
AESA jammers?
RY:
Wide-band, multi-function antenna arrays are

game changers that enable us to expand our capabilities to deal with threats that are becoming increasingly
capable, numerous, sophisticated and lethal. Active, electronically scanned arrays are a core
competency. Weve been able to build on everything weve learned from the last 15-20
years and transfer that expertise to our
AESA-based jamming system. The critical aspect is really about delivering large
amounts of Effective Radiated Power (ERP)
in small packages. In airborne AESA jammer pods, there is very limited space and
weight is at a premium, so this development
is vital to the entire next generation of EW
missions.
JED:
Raytheon SAS develops radar, EW and

communications systems for a wide variety of
weapons systems. What are some of the important
trends at the platform level that are shaping the
future course of defense electronics?
RY:
The biggest trend were seeing at the platform level is convergence. It is no longer efficient
to have a different antenna for every function.
Imagine an AESA aperture that can do EW, comms,
radar, and SIGINT, all at the same time. What that
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le ade r ship
in t e r v iew
Rick Yuse
means is that future mission system architectures will

need to accommodate and control the capabilities, while
future platforms will likely be designed around the electronics rather than the other way around. Youre beginning to see some of this thinking emerging from DARPAs
Aerospace Innovation Initiative, which will produce competitive prototypes of the next generation of air dominance aircraft.
From an EW point of view, converged capabilities and
cognitive or adaptive systems that can sense the RF environment and adapt are the future of intelligent EW. It is all
about networked, high gain electronic attack, cyber, scalable common back ends and multi-function arrays. We are
also seeing the convergence of cyber, signals intelligence
(SIGINT) and EW, which transforms EW from merely being
an enabler to the mission to becoming an effector in its own
right. As a result, expect continued investment in technologies that enable EW in its broadest sense from DC (direct
current) to light (lasers).
JED: The defense electronics industry is considered to

be entering a new era of multifunction (radar/EW/Comms/
GPS) systems. How is Raytheon pursuing this trend at the
technology level and the systems engineering level?
RY: We are investing heavily in EW, including the develop-
24
ment of MFIRES (Multi-Function Integrated Receiver Exciter

System). MFIRES currently performs electronic attack, electronic support, cyber and tactical SIGINT. In addition, we
are bringing our AESA technology to EW by building EW
AESA, which when hooked up with MFIRES and the ALR-69A
Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) via Raytheons suite controller provides unprecedented EW suite capabilities. Between
missions, MFIRES circuit cards can be swapped and software
loads can be converted to completely change the mission.
Anything we design has to be open architecture, flexible
and scalable, so that you can plug elements together to deliver the required effect. What this ultimately provides is a
mission-adaptable system that delivers unprecedented levels of concise and usable sensor data to pilots.
JED: Innovation is an important element of Raytheons
engineering culture. What are some of the ways that Raytheon SAS is trying to shorten the development timelines
and lower development costs of defense electronics systems?
RY: One of the ways we try to shorten development time-
lines and lower costs is by working to understand the

threats, missions, and current and future solutions that are
essential to deal with a rapidly changing threat environment. Using high fidelity modeling and simulation, we develop scenarios to deny, disrupt and deceive an adversarys
electromagnetic capability. We deploy our strategic investments so that we can demonstrate the scalable building
blocks of next generation EW systems, allowing us to offer
lower risk, faster, more tailored and affordable solutions to
our customers.
For instance, last Octobers NGJ prototype demo flight

test at NAS China Lake was a company-funded, risk-reduction flight to assess, for the first time, against real world
threats, all the subsystems in the integrated, end-to-end
EW system. When the NGJ is ultimately ready for its mission on the EA-18 Growler, it will provide the warfighter
with a considerable upgrade in capability over existing
equipment. It is this type of upfront investment that we
feel is worthwhile.
JED: The electromagnetic spectrum has become a critical

maneuver space in modern warfare. How do you see some
of todays technology trends extending into the future to
support non-kinetic strategies?
RY: In the A2/AD warfighting environment, we believe that
we will need to deliver both kinetic and non-kinetic effects

to include EW, cyber and high-energy lasers. We have been
investing for several years in all of these areas because our
warfighters will need to stay in the fight longer than a limited kinetic payload will afford. Laser, EW and cyber effectors can provide an unlimited magazine, if you will. All of
this aligns with DODs Third Offset Strategy, which aims to
create capabilities to affordably offset adversary A2/AD capabilities. Having the ability to address and negate multiple
enemy capabilities simultaneously or nearly simultaneously when it matters most is far more important in the
A2/AD environment.
JED: Deputy Defense Secretary Robert Work recently announced the creation of a new high-level council to oversee
all of the Pentagons EW programs. Why the new focus on
electronic warfare in your view?
RY: The recapitalization of our Nations and our allies EW
systems is imperative. Simply put, we have a lot of catching

up to do. Our adversaries see EW as a key part of their offensive and defensive arsenals. If we can use EW to essentially
seize the spectrum, we can provide an advantage to the U.S.
and its allies. The future of warfare is changing, and we
need to continue to evolve the capabilities that we provide
our warfighters to keep them ahead of threat-driven mission requirements.
JED: Any last thoughts?

RY: The U.S. and its allies must maintain their leadership
in electromagnetic operations. Repackaging yesterdays

technology for tomorrows needs is not technically or financially prudent. We have the capability to give the warfighter modular, open systems architecture that can be easily
adapted and upgraded. These systems will have the ability to deliver an increasingly complex and effective set of
techniques, including cyber techniques. We cannot let todays fiscal constraints deny the warfighter the technology
and capability needed to operate unimpeded in the modern
threat environment. a
thalesgroup.com
Defence Aerospace
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FROM DETERRENCE TO PRECISION ATTACK

Position accurately timed weapons
SITUATIONAL AWARENESS
Increase operational tempo
The Time Has Come

Missile Warning Systems for Fast Jets Gen 4.5 and Higher
By John Haystead
26
Today, the threat posed by anti-aircraft

missiles is greater than ever. This is
true for the latest generation (5th Gen)
stealth tactical aircraft, as well as new
highly-advanced, non-stealth aircraft
and earlier-generation platforms upgraded with the latest Active Electronically
Scanned Array (AESA) radars, integrated
avionics and highly capable defensive
aids systems (Gen 4.5). The threat mix includes both RF and EO/IR-based surfaceto-air threats, as well as longer range
IR-guided air-to-air missiles. So, while
the discussion of missile warning systems is usually limited to the familiar UV
and IR-based detection systems found on
rotary craft, and low/slow flying transport aircraft, this article will take a more
holistic look at the task of missile warning for aircraft. To properly address the
missile warning requirements of modern
front-line fighter aircraft, in addition to
EO/IR warning systems, the discussion
must necessarily also include the role
of traditional Radar Warning Receivers
(RWRs), other IR/EO sensors, active radar
warners, as well as the role, or potential
role, of the AESA radar itself.
RF THREATS ARE VERY MUCH

STILL OUT THERE
Since the 1960s, radar-guided surface-to-air missile systems (SAMs) have
posed a major threat to aircraft, particularly high-flying aircraft, including fastflying fighter jets. The RF threat still
very much exists today, although the
emergence of IR-guided Man Portable Air
Defense Systems (MANPADS) and their
widespread use by regular military forces
and non-state actors has diverted significant attention and investment away from
RF missile warning and defense systems.
That situation is now starting to change,
however, as western governments and
defense organizations prepare for possible operations in much more complex

air-defense environments that include
advanced fighter aircraft and long-range
RF-guided missile systems.
Chris Bushell, Senior Vice President
for EW at Selex ES Airborne and Space
Systems Division (Luton, England) says,
This is the headline for us here at
Selex. As he sees it, The RF threat is
proliferating around the world both in
terms of numbers, as well as sophistication, and though the RF side has not
been completely forgotten, the investments that weve seen from governments
has tended more toward countering the
IR threats. What is now clear, however,
from looking at recent events around
the world, is that these RF threats are
also of increasing concern.
Irmin Menscher, VP Marketing and
Business Development, of Elbit Systems
EW and SIGINT Elisra (Bene Beraq,
Israel) agrees, observing that the RF
threats are operating at longer ranges
and expanding beyond the conventional
2- to 18-GHz frequency range, as well
as having more sophisticated Electronic
Counter-Countermeasure (ECCM) capabilities. In our view, a missile warning
system is not only for handling the IR
threat, it can also provide complimentary advantages to the RWR in the handling of RF threats as well, particularly
in places where you dont have enough
protection or situational awareness.
Menscher says that today, you have to
evaluate the threat from the perspective of the total requirements of a full
EW suite. Some of the missile threats
are more related to the (IR/EO) missile
warning system and some are more related to the RF warning portion, but I
see major improvements in the threat on
both fronts. Its already becoming more
sophisticated, and we will continue to

see later generations of sophisticated
threat technology emerging across the
board, including the radars, missiles and
control networks. If you have a combination of both radar warning and missile
warning, youre able to cope with many
more potential threat scenarios seen in
the new battlefield, such as those where
missiles are locked on and launched
when there is no actual RF system emitting, or continuously emitting.
Bruno Carrara, Thales Vice President,
Electronic Combat Systems Business,
also sees the missile threat to fast jets
increasing, with defense systems needing to be able to handle greater numbers
of threats at longer ranges. As a result,
we need to have improved sensors for
all components of the spectrum. But,
on the positive side, Carrara adds that
there is advancement on both sides of
the technology, not only in terms of the
threat but also in terms of missile warning system technology.
Murray Collette, Technical Director
for the Survivability & Targeting Solutions business of BAE Systems Electronic
Systems (Nashua, NH), says hes seeing
an increase in multi-spectral, multimode missile systems starting first
with air-to-air threats, but expected
to soon also migrate into ground-to-air
threat systems as well. As a result, missile detection and countermeasure systems will also need to be multi-mode or
multi-spectral in future, and with better system integration. Given the longer
ranges and the possibility of a multimode threat being initially launched in
an RF mode, but then switching to an
IR or EO mode for terminal guidance,
theres definitely an increasing requirement for longer range detection of missile warning systems.
siles capable of operating over longer

distances.
One approach to dealing with such a
growing number and mix of threat types
and operating modes, has been the application of powerful signal and data
processing capabilities to warning systems and EW suites, as well as greater
fusion and networking of sensors and
data within and between systems. Ultimately, the goal is to integrate and apply all of an aircrafts sensors, including
its AESA radar, into the mission of missile warning.
This also raises an interesting point,
however. Although no-one questions
the force-multiplying advantages provided to tactical aircraft by their AESA
radars, the potential integration of this
powerful sensor into the role of missile
warning is still a relatively new science.
And, although on the face of it, the potential benefits seem to be dramatic, in
fact, there are actually also a number of
significant problems that these systems
pose for defensive EW suites, particularly radar warning systems.
For example, as pointed out by Elbits
Menscher, Even before we begin thinking about trying to get more synergy between the radar and the RWR, we have
to first deal with things like the interference challenges posed by the AESA
radar in terms of working in such close
proximity. Although the use of all-digital, and sophisticated receiver systems
and software can help mitigate this
and other challenges, Menscher says it
should still not be considered a trivial
concern and approaches to integration
should not focus on achieving the greatest level of interaction, but rather on
increasing the overall capability of the
platform. Generally speaking, I can see
synergy at the platform level between
the radar and the missile warning system, but not by their working closely
together with each other, but rather
by having capabilities that can work in
parallel to benefit both.
F-22 USHERS IN ERA OF

5th GEN AIRCRAFT
As of today, the only true 5th Gen
fighter aircraft are the Lockheed Martin
F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning II
Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) stealth air-
craft. The F-22 informs the pilot through

a tightly integrated combination of, BAE
Systems AN/ALR-94 passive RWR and
Lockheed Martins AN/AAR-56 IR-based
Missile Launch Detector (MLD), as well
as its Northrop Grumman AN/APG-77
Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) AESA
radar, which together provide the pilot
with 360-degree situational awareness.
The F-22s cockpit fusion is performed
by Boeing and the EW hardware integration is performed by Lockheed Martin.
With a greater range than the AN/
APG-77, the F-22s AN/ALR-94 passive
radar warning receiver system is fed
by more than 30 antennas smoothly
blended into the wings and fuselage of
the F-22, and is capable of cueing the
AN/APG-77 radar to lock onto targets.
The AN/AAR-56 Missile Launch Detector
(MLD) is a single-color IR warning system capable of long-range detection of
both air- and surface-launched missiles.
The system is comprised of six IR staring
focal plane sensors with low-observable
window frame assemblies, three common
interface processing cards, and mature
missile detection software algorithms.
Lockheed Martin is exploring a multispectral sensor variant of the system for
the F-22, as well as the incorporation of
an Infrared Search and Track (IRST) capability that could be used to passively
detect aircraft at long range through
different aspects of their heat signature.
F-35 BRINGS NEXT GENERATION

MISSILE WARNING
The F-35 is equipped with the
Northrop Grumman AN/APG-81 AESA radar. It also carries the Lockheed Martin
nose-mounted Electro-Optical Targeting
System (EOTS), the BAE Systems AN/
ASQ-239 Barracuda RF EW suite and
the Northrop Grumman AN/AAQ-37 IR
Distributed Aperture System (DAS),
which performs missile warning. As described by Peter Bartos, Northrop Grumman Director, Combat Avionics Systems
Improvements & Derivatives (Linthicum, MD), The F-35s overall situational
awareness is sensor-fusion based with
all sensors contributing what they can
to support both offensive and defensive
situational awareness.
The AN/ASQ-239 Barracuda reportedly includes 10 RF antennas embedded
BAE has a long track record with

missile warning systems for rotorcraft
and transport aircraft, but as pointed
out by Collette, theres a different set
of requirements for fast jet systems,
including different installation and environmental considerations, as well as
performance parameters. Its certainly
not insurmountable, he adds however,
noting that in some cases, the different
requirements can allow tradeoffs to be
made. For example, with helicopters,
youre typically down in the dirt at
around 500 feet, with high clutter, and
threats coming at you at very low angles
of attack. Threat warning algorithms
in this environment are very complex,
and we work very hard to reduce false
alarms. At higher altitudes, however,
the environment is typically less cluttered, and you may be able to trade such
complex false alarm rejection performance for longer range detection.
Andrew Dunn, VP of Business Development of the Integrated Electronic
Warfare Systems unit within Exelis Electronic Systems (Clifton, NJ), observes
that missile warning for fast jets is
also primarily related to mission needs.
Historically, missile warning technology had been mostly focused on protection for low/slow-flying aircraft against
MANPADS-type threats, and there
wasnt a lot of similar focus on providing that capability for high/fast-flying
jets. However, that being said, there are
fast-jet aircraft out there today doing
close air support that are getting them
closer to the ground and therefore these
IR-based threats. The result is growing interest in providing missile warning for these aircraft to support those
missions.
At the same time, as already noted,
the air-to-air missile threat is also of increasing concern for tactical fighter aircraft. Niall Ingram, Selex Vice President
and Chief Technology Officer for EW,
says the scope of the air-to-air threat is
increasing, particularly in terms of the
ranges that air-to-air missiles can operate over. Whether this is facilitated by
the beyond visual range detection capabilities of the platforms from which
they are released, or the capabilities of
the missile itself, or both, clearly more
and more countries are getting mis-
27
in the edges of aircrafts wing and tail,

and provides for sensor fusion of both RF
and IR tracking data, ESM capabilities,
as well as geolocation of threats. The
Northrop Grumman AN/AAQ-37 ElectroOptical Distributed Aperture System
(EO DAS) includes six high-resolution,
spherical passive IR sensors distributed
across the aircraft. The DAS provides
360-degree missile warning, including
missile launch location for both surface-to-air and air-to-air threats, and
it also provides Situational Awareness
Infrared Search and Track (SA-IRST),
simultaneously detecting, tracking,
and declaring aircraft within its field
of regard. It is also capable of cueing a
laser-based Directed IR Countermeasure
(DIRCM) system, such as the Northrop
Grumman Threat Nullification Defensive Resource (ThNDR) DIRCM system
being proposed for fast jets, including
the F-35, to counter both surface-to-air
and air-to-air threats.
OLD IS NEW AGAIN WITH

AESA-EQUIPPED AIRCRAFT
28
Information assurance requires decision superiority.

X-COM Systems capture 100% of forensic data, to aid protection, detection and
reaction capabilities:
> exceptional fidelity in signal creation and playback
> the industry's widest bandwidth with extended recording capabilities
> signal analysis and editing tools to search RF data and manipulate waveforms
As long as all missions are critical, we will not compromise on reliability.
Though perhaps not possessing the

panache of the stealth platforms, new,
highly advanced, AESA-equipped Gen4.5 aircraft are certainly not to be taken
lightly. By providing for simultaneous,
instantaneous, long-range detection
and continuous tracking of a practically unlimited number of targets, their
AESA radars give these aircraft capabilities far beyond those with earlier
generation systems, significantly increasing their survivability even in the
most dense threat environments. Add
to this the capabilities of advanced missile warning systems, and the playing
field of most operational environments
is even more leveled.
LOCKHEED MARTIN F-16

IQC5000B RF Record & Playback
If we use AESA radar as one of the

delimiting factors for Gen 4.5 fighters,
the later-model F-16 aircraft, such as
the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Block
60, F-16 E/F Desert Falcons, which are
fitted with Northrop Grummans AN/
APG-80 AESA radar, are included in
the category. The UAEs F-16s are also
equipped with Northrop Grummans AN/
ASQ-32 Internal FLIR Targeting System (IFTS) and the Northrop Grumman
Signal Creation & Analysis Toolkit

IQC91000A 1000 MHz Single Channel
Signal Recorder
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All-in-Small - a next generation suite combined into one LRU designed for
airborne EW protection. It includes an EW suite controller, digital radar warning
receiver, laser warning receiver, IR missile warning system and chaff and flare
dispensing controller. The Suite integrates with ECM Jammer and DIRCM.
PAWS/PAWS-2 - a family of combat proven IR missile warning systems (MWS)
for all airborne platforms.
IR-CENTRIC - a comprehensive and combat-proven unique
solution added to the PAWS Family.
Spectrum Dominance for unmanned platforms - SIGINT,
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APLAUDS - an IEW active and passive land and air unified
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Falcon Edge Integrated Electronic

Warfare Suite (IEWS) incorporating high
sensitivity, wide-band digital receivers,
and DRFM-based countermeasures.
Beginning in the 1990s, many of the
new EW capabilities developed for the
F-16 have been driven by international users. Israel has fielded its own EW
suites for the Israeli Air Forces F-16Is.
Exelis and Raytheon have developed
the Advanced Integrated EW Suite (AIDEWS) and Advanced Countermeasures
Electronic System (ACES), respectively,
for several international F-16 customers over the past 15 years. Denmarks
Terma has integrated new EW capabilities, such as missile warning systems,
RF jammers and countermeasures dispensers, onto many European-based F16s via its Pylon Integrated Dispenser
System (PIDS) and its Electronic Combat
Integrated Pylon System (ECIPS) family
of wing pylons (see Upgrading Fast Jet
Self Protection, JED, May 2015, p. 26).
International F-16 users are likely
to continue driving major F-16 systems
upgrades, as countries like Taiwan and
South Korea pursue AESA radar capabilities for their F-16 fleets. In August
of last year, Lockheed Martin awarded
Northrop Grumman a contract for 142
AN/APG-83 Scalable Agile Beam Radar
(SABR) AESA radars for Taiwans F-16s.
South Korea is mulling its options after withdrawing earlier this year from
a BAE System-led upgrade program that

would have installed the Raytheon Advanced Combat Radar (RACR) AESA radar, as well as ALR-69A digital RWRs on
a large portion of its F-16 fleet.
Israeli F-16I Sufa (Storm) aircraft
are also not known to have plans for
an AESA radar, but are equipped with
the Passive Airborne Warning System
(PAWS-2) from Elbit Systems. The onecolor IR PAWS-2 is capable of rapidly discriminating between threatening and
non-threatening missiles using a target
algorithm, which tracks each threat
frame-by-frame, analyzing target maneuverability, relative position, inertial
data and angular velocity and intensity.
The system can either be installed internally or via pylon. Typically, 4-6 sensors
are installed on an aircraft to provide
360-degree coverage.
WHAT ABOUT USAF F-16S?

In contrast, the USAF doesnt itself
currently have a missile-warning-system-equipped F-16 or, for that matter, an AESA-equipped version of the
aircraft, although there was until last
year a program in place to provide just
that. Now cancelled, the Combat Avionics Programmed Extension Suite (CAPES)
program was to provide some 300 USAF
F-16C/Ds with the Northrop Grumman
AN/APG-83 AESA radar as well an upgraded EW suite and other improve-
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ments. Based on language in the House

Armed Services Committees FY2016 defense authorization bill, recently passed
by the House of Representatives, the
CAPES program may be revived soon.
In this bill, the House recommended
an additional $50 million for the Air
Force to begin integration and testing
of an AESA radar on F-16 aircraft. CAPES
would need to pass through several more
planning and funding wickets in both
Congress and in the Pentagon in order to
be revived, but that process seems to be
gathering momentum.
Exelis Dunn also doesnt think the
USAF F-16 AESA story is over, noting
that there is continuing talk within
NORTHCOM to restart CAPES in some
fashion. The Air National Guard still
has a requirement for the AESA capability. In addition, Dunn notes that the
missions of the Air National Guard and
US Air Force Reserves also puts them in
an environment where their F-16s will
certainly need missile warning capabilities, particularly for ground-based
IR threats. There is a requirement for
the US Air National Guard and Air Force
Reserves and there is an ongoing effort
to start a program to put a missile warning system on their F-16 aircraft. There
is expected to be testing conducted this
year looking at different options, with
an RFP expected sometime next year.
Exelis is teamed with Airbus in the competition offering the AN/AAR-60 (V)2
MILDS F system. Elbits PAWS-2 system
is also expected to be a contender. The
plan is to integrate the missile warner
into the Terma PIDS+ pylons currently
in the Air National Guard and Air Force
Reserve inventories.
BOEING F-15
Unlike with its F-16 fleet, the USAF
has started to equip its F-15 aircraft
with advanced AESA radars the Raytheon AN/APG-63(V)3 on F-15C/D aircraft and the Raytheon AN/APG-82(V)1
on the F-15E. AESA-equipped F-15s are
also in demand among international
F-15 users.
Saudi Arabias F-15SA aircraft are being upgraded with the Raytheon AN/
APG-63(V)3 AESA radar. These Eagles
are also receiving BAE Systems Digital EW System (DEWS) incorporating
Inaugural Cyber
Electromagnetic
Activity 2015
Synchronizing Cyber Electromagnetic
Activities to Win in a Complex World
OCTOBER 6-8, 2015 / A BE RDEEN, MD
The International AOC and APG Susquehanna Chapter of the AOC, under a cosponsorship agreement with Army Team C4ISR APG, will hold the Inaugural CEMA
2015 Conference at Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.
The theme for the inaugural CEMA 2015 event is Synchronizing Cyber
Electromagnetic Activities to Win in a Complex World. The newly published Army
Operating Concept (AOC) emphasizes the importance of ready land forces and their
significance to the joint and coalition fight, and recognizes the need for continued
innovation to Win in a Complex World. Cyberspace operations, in conjunction
with electronic warfare and electromagnetic spectrum operations are identified in
the AOC as one of the seven core Army competency areas critical to shaping the
operational environment and winning decisively. Equally new is the concept of Cyber
Electromagnetic Activities, or CEMA, which is outlined in the first doctrinal field
manual of its kind that integrates and synchronizes cyberspace operations, electronic
warfare (EW), and spectrum management operations (SMO). The CEMA 2015 event
will allow for an exchange of ideas, concepts and information, and provide a venue to
address these new and emerging concepts and a framework to discuss ongoing and
future research and development to set the conditions for innovation and success.
Attending the CEMA 2015 event will also provide the Army and DoD Electronic
Warfare and Cyber communities of interest an opportunity to meet with and discuss
the current and emerging Electronic and Cyber Warfare requirements with Coalition
partners, industry technicians, engineers, and scientists and other Government
agencies and learn from their successes.
CALL FOR
PRESENTATIONS
Presentations or demonstrations from all
Services, Five Eyes Partners, DoD, Warfighters,
Industry, and Academia are requested that
explore the concept of enabling or integrated
EW-Cyber-EMSO capabilities and the necessary
innovation required to set the conditions for
innovation and success. Submitted abstracts
are specifically requested to address one or
more of the symposium sessions: 1) EWO and
Spectrum Manager Warfighter Perspectives;
2) Trends in Electromagnetic Spectrum
Capabilities; 3) Agile Acquisition; 4) Threats,
Capability Gaps, and Requirements; 5) Cyber/
EW Convergence; 6) Technology Trends,
Testing, Experimentation and Exercises;
7) Joint and Industry Perspectives: 8)
International Efforts and Opportunities; and 9)
Tactical Cyber Operations and Concepts. More
information on these sessions can be found
at crows.org. Abstracts for presentations are
required in unclassified text format. Please
forward abstracts to Ms. Shelley Frost at
[email protected]. Abstracts due June 22,
2015. All Sessions are Open to Five-Eyes.
There are a number of keynote and breakout sessions, along with hands-on product
demonstrations that will offer a combination of current and emerging requirements,
engineering theory and practical operations of the latest electronic warfare and
offensive cyber capabilities.
F O R M O R E I N F O R M A T I O N V I S I T WWW.CROWS.ORG
Analysis of Alternatives (AoA) study, it

was dropped as a high cost/low impact
item when the final Request for Proposals (RFP) was released. Instead, it was
left as a possible consideration for future. BAE is competing against Northrop
Grumman for the program.
BOEING F/A-18 E/F

The F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, which
is in service with the US Navy and
the Royal Australian Air Force carries
the Integrated Defensive Electronic
Countermeasures (IDECM) suite, which

comprises the ALR-67(V)3 RWR from
Raytheon, the Exelis-made AN/ALQ-214
RF Countermeasures subsystem, Raytheons ALE-50 towed decoy dispenser
and ALE-55 fiber-optic towed decoys
(FOTDs) from BAE System. Exelis is responsible for the overall integration of
the IDECM suite.
In January of this year, the US Navy
approved low rate initial production of
a new Boeing/Lockheed IRST system for
the Super Hornet. However, the Super
Berkeley Nucleonics Corp
Phase Noise Test Systems to -185 dBc/Hz

Absolute and Additive Phase Noise measurement
Offset range from 0.1 Hz to 50 MHz
Selectable internal or external reference
Wide bandwidth FFT analyzer
Built-in transient measurement and spectrum
analysis
Digital RF Memory (DRFM) technology.

A replacement of the Northrop Grumman Tactical Electronic Warfare System
(TEWS), which comprises the ALR-56C
RWR (made by BAE Systems), the ALQ135 RF jammer and the ALE-45 countermeasures dispenser (also made by BAE
Systems), the all-digital DEWS system
fuses data with both the aircrafts radar and its IR Search and Track (IRST)
system. The F-15SAs DEWS system also
incorporates BAEs UV-sensor-based
AN/AAR-57 Common Missile Warning
System (CMWS). According to BAE Systems Collette, although as a company,
theyve dealt with both mid-wave and
2-color IR systems, as well as UV for use
on tactical aircraft, the UV-based system was the first to deploy, requiring
very little modification to the system or
airframe. The CMWS data is integrated
into the aircrafts common threat display along with threat information from
other systems.
South Koreas F15K Slam Eagle
F-15s are equipped with the Raytheon
AN/APG-63 (V)1 AESA radar as well as
a FLIR/IRST system. Unlike the Saudi
F-15SAs, however, they carry the older
generation, Northrop Grumman TEWS
system, although with a more advanced
ALR-56C RWR. BAEs DEWS system is
reportedly part of the package that
Boeing is offering for South Koreas
next generation Silent Eagle F-15s,
however, as well as the Raytheon AN/
APG-82(V)1 AESA radar. Singapores F15SG Strike Eagles, which are currently
equipped with an Israeli EW suite (Elbits SPS-2110) will also get the AN/APG63(V)3 radar, and Japan has reportedly
expressed interest in it as a fleet upgrade possibility for its F-15Js.
As for US Air Force F-15s, the Service is well underway with a program to
completely upgrade the EW suite of its
F-15C/D/E fleet. As JED went to press,
an award announcement was expected
to be made in May for the F-15 Eagle
Passive/Active Warning Survivability
System (EPAWSS) program, which will
replace the AN/ALQ-135 TEWS system on
its F-15s. But, unlike some international
F-15 users, the EPAWSS requirement does
not currently include a missile warning
system component. Although this was
originally considered in the EPAWSS
33
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4/24/15 1:56 PM
Hornet does not have a missile warning system, although BAE Systems
Collette notes that the Navy had previously evaluated a two-color IR missile
warner as part of a pod-mounted Tactical Aircraft Directable IR Countermeasures (TADIRCM) system demonstration
funded by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Says Collette, When I look
at the history of the TADIRCM program,
the Navy was on a path to mature and
deploy the system until things heated
up in the Middle East and priorities were
switched to their helicopter/rotorcraft
fleets. Even so, the program proved that
it was viable should the Navy and/or
Marine Corps ever want it. And, should
a Service or country prefer something
a bit more tailored to a specific region
and threat mix, it is certainly very possible to integrate the capability with
other aircraft systems to provide more
comprehensive situational awareness of
all the threats.
SAAB GRIPEN E
34
Swedens Saab JAS 39 Next Generation (NG) Gripen, or Gripen E, fighter

is fitted with the Selex ES-05 Raven
AESA radar, and although not considered a low observable aircraft, the incorporation of non-reflective radar
materials in the airframe are expected
to give the Gripen E improved stealth
characteristics. In addition to Sweden,
741971_ETI.indd 1
Brazil has also ordered the Gripen E and

Switzerland continues to express potential interest as its F-5 fleet nears the
end of its service life.
In addition to the AESA radar,
the Gripen E also carries the Selex ES
Skyward-G Infrared Search and Track
(IRST) sensor. In April, Selex ES received
an order from Saab for 60 of the systems
for the Swedish Air Forces Gripen Es. Installed on the nose of the aircraft, the
Skyward G can be used in conjunction
with other sensors on the aircraft to
provide for passive beyond-visual-range
detection of targets including ground
vehicles and naval vessels, as well as
stealthy airborne targets.
As reported in JED (Upgrading Fast
Jet Self Protection May, 2015), the
Gripen E will also have an advanced integrated EW suite with a strong focus
on multi-sensor fusion, including an
RWR/ESM system with wide frequency
coverage, interferometric DF, and wideband digital receivers. In 2013, Saab
announced that it would integrate
the Passive Airborne Warning System
(PAWS-2) IR missile warner onto its
Gripens. Although it seems likely that
the Gripen E will get the system, neither
Elbit nor Saab would confirm this.
DASSAULT RAFALE
With a continuous upgrade program
planned, the Dassault Aviation Rafale
3/31/15 11:55 PM
fighter is intended to eventually be the

sole combat aircraft type operated by
both the French Air Force and Navy.
India and Egypt have also announced
plans to acquire the aircraft, and last
month, Qatar selected the Rafale for its
Air Force, ordering 24 aircraft.
The first omnirole Rafale fighter
equipped with the new Thales Group
(Paris, France) RBE2 AESA radar was
delivered to the French Ministry of Defense in October of 2012. In addition to
the RBE2, the latest Rafale aircraft also
carry the advanced Spectra EW suite.
Jointly developed by Thales Systmes
Aroports and MBDA (Le Plessis-Robinson, France) and installed internally
on the aircraft, the highly integrated,
multispectral system incorporates MBDAs IR-based DDM-NG passive missile
warning system, as well as radar- and
laser-warning systems. The Rafale also
carries the Thales Front Sector Optronics (FSO) sensor. Cued by the Rafales
other passive and active sensors, the FSO
provides for covert long-range detection
and identification, high-resolution angular tracking and laser range-finding
for air, sea and ground targets.
As described by Thales Carrara,
Thales, one of the principle characteristics and features of the Rafale aircraft
is its enhanced situational awareness
capabilities provided by the aircrafts
very high level of system integration,
fusing threat data from all of the aircrafts on-board sensors and presenting
it in a highly-efficient manner to the
pilot. This is true for all of the aircrafts
sensors, including the AESA radar, as
well as information coming from other
off-platform sources via data links. By
rapidly integrating threat data from
multiple sensors, the Spectra system
is able to provide longer-range detection and precise localization of threats,
both ground and air-based.
Going forward, Carrara says Thales
definitely already sees a strong and
growing customer interest in improved
missile warning capabilities on the
Rafale. In terms of future improvements for Spectra, he says there are a
number of ongoing efforts addressing
various aspects of the systems capabilities. We continue to look to greater levels of integration, particularly
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threats, fusing data not only from own
aircraft but multiple aircraft.
EUROFIGHTER TYPHOON
36
With first aircraft officially accepted

in 2003 by the partner development
nations, the Eurofighter Typhoon is
currently in service with 6 countries
(United Kingdom, Germany, Austria,
Italy, Spain, Saudi Arabia), and has
also been ordered by the government of
Oman. Last November, the Eurofighter
Jadgflugzeug GmbH and the NATO Eurofighter and Tornado Management
Agency (NETMA), signed a $1 billion
contract with the Euroradar Consortium
to provide the Typhoon with the new
Captor E-Scan AESA radar being developed by the consortium, with Selex
ES as the lead contractor. According to
Euroradar, the Captor E-Scans large antenna size and repositioner offers an
extremely wide (200-degree) field of regard, which is significantly larger than
typical fixed plate AESA radars, and
allows a greater number of [transmit/
receive] modules for greater power and
sensitivity. The Captor E-scan will be
compatible with both Tranche (Block) 2
and Tranche 3 Typhoon aircraft. The Ty-
phoon is also equipped with the Thales

PIRATE Infrared Search and Track
(IRST) system.
For EW, the Typhoon uses the Praetorian Defensive Aids Sub System (DASS).
Developed by the four companies belonging to the Eurodass consortium:
Selex ES (United Kingdom), Elettronica
(Italy), Airbus Defence and Space (Germany) and Indra (Spain), it is composed
of wingtip ESM and Electronic Counter
measures (ESM/ECM) pods, a Missile
Approach Warner (MAW), an optional
Selex laser warning system, as well as
countermeasure dispenser systems. The
MAW, built by Selex ES, is an active
pulse-Doppler radar missile detection
system. As described by Selexs Ingram,
there are limitations with what a traditional UV or IR missile warning capability can provide when you are effectively
relying on detecting the plume of the
missile. In contrast, with the Doppler
radar, youre tracking a moving body
through space. Ingram points out that
one advantage of an active missile detection system is longer-range detection. Today, many longer-range missile
systems dont have a continuous engine
burn and therefore you have to be in
range of the UV or IR system to detect
its launch. With active detection, you
can detect the missile with or without
an actively burning engine.
Ultimately, however, Ingram says the
optimum solution is to have a combination of the two approaches, and, in fact,
a new passive missile warning system is

reportedly being added to the Praetorian system in addition to MAWS.
A GROWING NEED
Its becoming increasingly clear that
advanced missile warning capabilities
for fast jets is not just a nice adjunct,
but a very real question of survivability.
As observed by Elbits Menscher, Even
though the specific requirement for
missile warning and how it will evolve
for fast jets is not yet completely mature
in the eyes of the customer, were definitely seeing more and more customers
asking for these capabilities. BAEs
Collette echoes the observation. Were
certainly seeing a pull internationally
for more passive, electro-optic, missile
warning for fast jets, whether IR or UV,
or a different band, and in an integrated
fashion with traditional RF missile (radar) warning.
Meanwhile, the Russian Air Force is
expected to receive the first of its Sukhoi T-50 5th Gen stealth fighter aircraft
by the end of this year at the same time
that air-to-air missiles are also rapidly
improving in capability. It will be interesting to see if this also impacts the
missile-warning-requirement equation.
Finally, as Menscher points out, The
new generation of anti-aircraft missile
technology, both western and eastern,
is spreading all over and is available to
anyone in the market. Its only a matter
of decision-making and money. a
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TECHNOLOGY SURVEY
A SAMPLING OF RWRs AND ESM SYSTEMS
By Ollie Holt
Arrays (AESAs). This allows the radar to revisit the target

at more random times vs. a predictable scan pattern associated with mechanically steered radars. In addition, modern radars are becoming more frequency agile. Instead of
only changing the operating frequency when they are being
jammed, advanced radars can change frequency on every
pulse or Coherent Processing Interval (CPI). Sometimes only
a single radar pulse might be observed by an ES system.
Because the frequency may change on every pulse and the
revisit rate can continually change, the traditional ES approach of grouping like detections and developing an identification based on those parameters becomes less effective.
The only parameter that is currently fixed is angle. By
measuring the threat signals angle of arrival, an ES system
can group and possibly identify the seemingly random detections. This means that future ES systems must provide angle
measurements that are much better than the current quadrant measurements provided in many of todays systems.
In response to the radar developments described above,
the ES system market is starting to see a new concept developing Cognitive EW. This trend reflects the desire that
the EW system of the future be able to determine the intent
of the threat system by reading the detections and inferring from the information measured what the threat radar
is trying to do. Is the radar trying to determine range? If so,
can the EW system do something to prevent that from happening? Is the radar trying to determine angle or velocity,
and if so, what can be done to deny it or delay that from occurring? The ES system may possibly need to perform these
decisions on a single pulse or even within a single pulse,
and it will no longer be able to depend on a database of
detected parameters to identify the threat. Instead it will
need to try to determine the threats intent and react to
that intent, and it will need to do this on a pulse-to-pulse
basis. Similarly, new ES systems are going to require much
wider instantaneous bandwidths to detect these frequencyagile signals. Emerging threat systems may have agilities in
the gigahertz range. Scanning, narrow-band ES systems will
be hard pressed to detect these RF-agile, wide-band threat
radars unless the ES systems also have very wide instantaneous bandwidths with precision angle on every measurement. They are also going to need to take action quickly,
even within a pulse for long-pulse-width radar modes and
within a CPI for Pulse Doppler modes.
In next months JED, our technology survey will examine SIGINT tuners.
his months technology survey covers Radar

Warning Receivers (RWRs) and Electronic
Support Measures (ESM) receivers. These are
electronic support (ES) systems and should not
be confused with SIGINT systems. ES systems
focus on providing situational awareness and
threat warning by detecting, identifying and locating radar
emitters and cueing a countermeasures system. SIGINT
receivers are more focused on data collection for on-board
or off-board data analysis.
In this discussion, we are going to group RWRs and ESM
systems and refer to them as ES systems. We will discuss
how a typical ES system works and the technical challenges
they face in the future.
Current ES systems scan the frequency range in discrete steps. The width of the each step is determined by
the receivers instantaneous bandwidth. The instantaneous
bandwidth can be as small as a few hundred megahertz or
as large as many gigahertz. Whatever the instantaneous
bandwidth is, the total bandwidth that needs to be covered, divided by the instantaneous bandwidth, defines the
number of steps or scan states the ES system must be tuned
through. Usually the ES system has a tool that aids in developing a scan schedule that optimizes the probability of
intercept (POI) of the key threat radar systems expected
during the mission.
As the ES system scans the environment, radar signals
are detected (pulsed or continuous wave [CW]) and the parameters of the signals are measured. These measured parameters are then grouped by frequency, angle, pulse width
and/or a combination of these parameters. This is typically
called deinterleaving. After groups of these detections have
been collected, the ES system compares these common parameters with a database (sometimes known as a threat library) of radar system parameters. After this comparison,
if lucky, a unique radar identification will emerge. If not,
either a group of possible threats (ambiguities) or no identification (unknown emitter) results. Sometimes the ambiguities or the unknown detections resolve after multiple
detections (radar modes change, measurements get better
or more data aids in completing the threat identification).
After the identification or ambiguity group has been determined, the information becomes available on the aircrews
cockpit displays.
This concept of operation for ES systems has served us
well for decades. However, new technology is changing how
threat radar systems operate. For example, radars are becoming more automatic with Active Electronically Scanned
39
JED TECHNOLOGY SURVEY: RWR AND ESM SYSTEMS

MODEL
REC TYPE
OP FREQ
INST BWIDTH TYP INST SENS
TOTAL DYN RANGE SUPPORT DF
PWR (W)
Aeronix, Inc.; Melbourne, FL, USA; +1 (321) 984-1671; www.aeronix.com

FinderPlus
Hybrid
2-18 GHz
2-18 GHz
>100 dB
Yes
<400 W
FinderLite
2-18 GHz
Yes
120 VAC,
450 W
-80 dBm
+10 dBm
Yes
<700 W
Airbus Defense and Space; Ulm, Germany; +49-0-731-392-0; www.cassidian.com

ASIS
Digital
6 GHz
Argon ST; Fairfax ,VA, USA; +1 (703) 550-7000; www.argonst.com

WBR-2000 ESM
System
IFM
2-18 GHz
16 GHz
-65 dBm
60 dB
Yes
<350 W
WBR-3000 ESM and

ELINT System
Combined IFM and

superhet
2-18 GHz
16 GHz
-65 dBm
60 dB
Yes
<500 W
ASELSAN A.S.; Ankara, Turkey; +90 (312) 592 10 00; www.aselsan.com.tr

AN/ALQ 178 V(5)+
Superhet, channelizer
and digital
C-J
~4 kW
ARES-2LC/T
Yes
ARES-2N
2-18 GHz
Yes
ARES-2SC/NS
2-18 GHz
Yes
RWR
BAE Systems Australia; Edinburgh Parks, SA, Australia; +61 3 9918 4000; www.baesystems.com
40
Lightweight ESM
Payload
2-18 GHz
-60 dBm
Yes
PRISM III
2-18 GHz
-60 dBm
Yes
BAE Systems Electronic Solutions; Nashua, NH, USA; +1 (603) 885-6065; www.baesystems.com
AN/ALR-56M
Superhet
C-J bands
Elbit Systems - Elisra EW and SIGINT; Bene Beraq, Israel; +972-3-6175111; www.elisra.com
Aqua Marine - ESM
Superhet, DIFM and

channalizer
0.5-40 GHz
0.5-40 GHz
-65 dBm
>60 dB
Yes
1,500 W
Spectrolite SPS-65
V5
Digital
0.5-18 GHz
Yes
CV-RWR
CVR
8-18 GHz
Yes
ALL in SMALL
Digital
0.5-18 GHz
Yes
Elettronica S.p.A.; Rome, Italy; +39-0641541; www.elt-roma.com

ELT/741 Family
IFM
C-J + K
Wide open
High
Yes
SEAL
DIFM and superhet
C-J + K
(option)
Wide open
High
Yes
ELT/160 Family
IFM
E-J + K
Wide open
Medium
Yes
ELT/800 Family
DIFM and superhet
C-J + K
(option)
Wide open
High
Yes
VIRGILIUS Family
(in RX only
configurations)
Wband superhet
C-J + K
Wide open
Very high
Yes
SIZE (in.)
PLATFORM
FEATURES
15.75 x 17.25 x 22
<115 lb
air/grd
Includes analysis tools for identification of exotic signals.
9U, 19-in. rackmount; 15.25 x 22

x 16.8 in.
110 lb
air/grd
Comprises RF subsystem and server subsystem. Time and pulse width

measurements are made within the server subsystem, whereas amplitude
and frequency measurements are provided by the receivers directly.
air, grd, shp
Fast emitter geolocation by SBI/LBI measurements. Geolocation.
Proc.: 6U, 19 in. rack; Ant.: 14.6

D x 12.1 H
< 100 lb
air, grd-mob, grdfix, shp, sub
0.5 GHz-2 GHz option; 18 GHz-40 GHz option. Geolocation.
Proc, 6U and 3U 19 in. rack; ant.:

14.6D x 12.1H
< 200 lb
ELINT channels provide high-sensitivity search and analysis. Geolocation.
air
Self Protection Electronic Warfare System (SPEWS) jointly

developed with BAE Systems.
grd-mob
Manpack ESM/ELINT System
Surface ship naval ESM system; emitter ID.
Submarine ESM system; integrated into Type 209 (ARES-2SC)

and Type 214 (ARES-2NS) submarines.
35 x 18 x 16 cm
4 kg
air
DF accuracy 10 degress RMS when fitted with optional IFM.
Proc. 44 x 64 x 48 cm; ant. 66 x

50 cm
Proc.: 31 kg; Ant.:

36 kg
sea, grd-mob,
grd-fix
DF accuracy better than 10 degrees RMS.
air
Operational on F-16 and C-130.
One 19-in. rack, omni and two

DF ant.
1,200 lb
shp
100 percent POI. ECM add-on ready. Geolocation available.
<8 kg
air
Including EW Suite Controller. Offered with embedded laser warning and CMDS.
4 kg
grd-mob
Integrates with LWS, etc.
Single LRU and ant./sensors/

dispensers
<8 kg
air
Accurate direction finding and geolocation; ESM capabilities; includes EW Suite

Controller; offered with embedded laser warning system, IR missile warning
and CMDS.
1 ATR
50-70 kg
air, shp
ESM with ELINT and fine DF capability.
shp
ESM with ELINT, fine DF and localization capability.
1 ATR
15-20 kg
air
Wband RWR with unknown threat and recording.
air
ESM with ELINT, fine DF and localization capability.
1 ATR
40 kg
Alarm surveillance with ELINT, fine DF and localization capability.
WEIGHT (in lb/kg)
41

MODEL
REC TYPE
OP FREQ
PWR (W)
Elta Systems Ltd.; Ashdod, Israel; +972-8-857-2312; www.elta-iai.com

EL/L-8388 3D
Ground-Based MultiMission ESM/ELINT
Channelizer and digital
0.5-18 GHz
Yes
EL/L-8385 ESM/
ELINT UAV Payload
Digital
2-18 GHz
Yes
EL/L-8382N 3D
NavalESM/ELINT
Channelizer and digital
0.5-18 GHz
Yes
EL/L-8265 RWLRadar Warning &

Threat Location
Digital
2-18 GHz
Yes
EL/L-8382 MPA
ESM/ELINT for
Maritime Patrol
Aircraft
Channelizer, superhet
and digital
0.5-18 GHz
Yes
Exelis; Clifton, NJ, USA; +1 (973) 284-4543; www.exelisinc.com
42
ALQ-211 (V) 5 RWR/

ESM System
Digital
C-J
Yes
ALQ-211 (V) 4
AIDEWS RWR
Digital
C-J
Yes
ES-3701 Electronic
Support Measures
System
Circular Array Phase

Interferometer
2-18 GHz
16 GH
-65 dBm
>60 dB
Yes
<1 kW
ES-3601 Electronic
Support Measures
System
Amplitude Comparison
DF
2-18 GHz
16 GHz
-65 dBm
>60 dB
Yes
<1 kW
ALR-95/97/98 family
of Maritime Patrol
ESM/RWR Systems
Wideband DIFM and

superhet channel
0.5-18 GHz
16 GHz
Yes
<500 W
INDRA; Madrid, Spain; +34-914-806-032; www.indra.es

ALR-400 RWR
Digital
0.5-42 GHz
4 GHz
-65 dBm
60 dB
Yes
200 W
AMES-C
ESM/ELINT
DIFM and superhet
0.5-18 GHz
16 GHz
-90 dBm
60 dB
Yes
1,000 W
AMES-800 ESM/
ELINT
Digital
0.5-42 GHz
16 GHz
-90 dBm
Yes
200-800 W
MRSR-800/MRGR800 ESM
Digital
0.5-18 GHz
17.5 GHz
-85 dBm
60 dB
Yes
<3,500 W
MRGR-ELINT-FD
Digital and superhet
0.5-18 GHz
>500 MHz
-90 dBm
55 dB
Yes
2,000 W
Lockheed Martin MST; Owego, NY, USA; +1 (607) 751-7089; www.lockheedmartin.com

AN/ALQ-210
ESM/RWR superhet
Yes
400 W
AN/ALQ-217
ESM Superhet
Yes
537 W
AN/ALQ-507
ESM Superhet
AN/APR-48B
Digital Targeting ESM
Digital RWR
Digital RWR Superhet
Yes
431W
Northrop Grumman Corp.; Rolling Meadows, IL, USA; +1 (224) 625-6777

AN/ALR-93
CVR, IFM and digital
0.5-20 GHz
Yes
198W
AN/ALQ-218
Digital
LR-100
Superhet
2-18 GHz
219
Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd; Haifa, Israel; +972-4-8795143; www.rafael.com

Top Scan
Digital
0.5-40 GHz
32 GHz
-65 dBm
90 dB
Yes
850 W
C-Pearl
Digital
0.5-40 GHz
Wide open
-65 dBm
90 dB
Yes
1,100 W
SIZE (in.)
PLATFORM
FEATURES
grd
3D passive radar for air defense.
air
ISTAR
shp
3D
air
Threat location on surface.
air
Maritime surveillance and ISTAR.
130 lb
air
Precision DF for maritime patrol helicopters.
90 lb
air
For fighter attack self-protection.
grd-fix, grd-mob,
shp, sub
Frequency extension available. Precison DF over azimuth, elevation,

PW to 50 nsec.
grd-fix, grd-mob,
shp, sub
Frequency extension available. Split ant. for below-mast top installation.
200 lb
air
Frequency extension available. Threat warning plus emitter analysis.
WEIGHT (in lb/kg)
43
*
10.2 kg
air
LPI capability. Wband digital reception. EW suite controller

tembedded capability.
15 x 10 x 25
90 kg
air
18-40 GHz option. Detailed intrapulse analysis capability.
15 x 10 x 25
25 kg
air
360-deg instantaneous coverage. High-accuracy DF measurement.

Modular design and flexible architecture.
Proc.: 19 x 23.6 x 12.2; ant.:

21.5 x 22.5
70-195 kg
shp/grd
18-40 GHz option. Enhanced BIT.
Rx: 23 x 11.4 x 9.4; proc.:

15 x 25 x 10; ant.: 37 x 52.5
178 kg
shp/grd
18-40 GHz option. Flat-DF ant. with high rotation speed (maximizing POI).
7.7 x 10.1 x 15.3
57 lb
air
Re-programmable emitter library. Installed on MH-60R.
28 x 8.8 x 14.2
86 lb
air
Re-programmable emitter library. Installed on E-2C/D.
air
Installed on Intl P-3.
air
Installed on AH-64D/E.
7.7 x 10.1 x 13.5
39 lb
air
High performance RWR installed on rotary wing platform.
60 lb
air
air
Look-through capability. Geolocation.
73 lb
1,500-hr MTBF rate. Geolocation.
11 x 10.6 x 16.5 in
30 kg
air, grd
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shp, sub
Wband digital receiver. Geolocation optional.

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REC TYPE
OP FREQ
PWR (W)
Raytheon Company; Goleta, CA, USA; +1 (310) 647-1000; www.raytheon.com

ALR-67(V)3 Radar
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Superhet, channelizer
and digital
0.65-18 GHz,
28-40 GHz
Yes
600 W
ALR-69A Radar
Warning Receiver
Digital channelizer
C-J
Yes
500 W
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CS-3240 Precision
DF System
Superhet and IFM
2-18 GHz
17.5 GHz
-65 dBm
>75 dB
Yes
1,200 W
CS-3045 Airborne
ESM System
Superhet, optional IFM
0.5-18 GHz
17.5 GHz
-95 dBm
>80 dB
Yes
1,900 W
CS-3645 Hybrid ESM

System
Superhet and IFM
2-18 GHz
17.5 GHz
-95 dBm
>80 dB
Yes
2,900 W
CS-3600 Ship ESM

System
Superhet and IFM
2-18 GHz
17.5 GHz
-65 dBm
>80 dB
Yes
1,000 W
CS-3030 Ground
ESM System
Superhet, optional IFM
0.5-18 GHz
17.5 GHz
-95 dBm
>80 dB
Yes
1,000 W
Saab, Business Area Electronic Defence Systems; Sweden and South Africa; +46-8-463-0000; www.saabgroup.com
44
ESP
Superhet and IFM

acquisition
Superhet:
0.5-18 GHz.
Wide open
-70 dBm
>60 dB
Yes
140 W
Integrated Defensive
Aids Suite Family
(IDAS)
CVR and IFM
0.7-40 GHz
Wide open
-55 dBm
55 dB
Yes
43 W per
channel
U-SME-200
DIFM and superhet
2-18 GHz (opt 16-GHz

18-40 GHz)
-80 dBm
75 dB
Yes
350 W
HES
Digital FFT channelizer,

superhet and IFM
0.7-40 GHz
Wide open
-75 dBmi
>85 dB
Yes
150 W
BOW
Superhet and IFM
0.7-40 GHz
Wide open
-70 dBmi
>70 dB
Yes
SELEX ES; Luton, Bedfordshire, UK; +44-0-1582 886478; www.selex-es.com

Sky Guardian 2000
Family
Hybrid crystal video /

DIFM
C-K band
Wide open
High
High
Yes
<600 W
SEER Compact
Wband DIFM
E-J band
Wide open
-55 dBmi
High
Yes
350 W
SEER Distributed
Wband DIFM
E-J band
Wide open
-55 dBmi
High
Yes
350 W
SAGE Compact
DIFM plus channelizer
E-J band
Wide open
Very high
High
Yes
350 W
SAGE Distributed
DIFM plus channelizer
E-J band
Wide open
Very high
High
Yes
350 W
Yes
Sierra Nevada Corporation; Los Gatos, CA, USA; +1 (408) 395-2004; www.sncorp.com
Merlin SS-2005 ESM
System
Teledyne Defence Ltd; Shipley, West Yorkshire, UK; +44-1274-531602; www.teledynedefence.co.uk

QR020-M1
PHOBOS-R
CV IFM reciever
2-18 GHz
Wide open
-60dBm
63dB
Yes - MAC
24 W
QR020 PHOBOS-R
CV IFM reciever
2-18 GHz
Wide open
-60dBm
63dB
Yes - MAC
24 W
Thales Systmes Aroports; Elancourt, France; +33-0-1-348195 96; www.thalesgroup.com

CATS Family
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Wide open
-80 dBmi
80 dB
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150 W
MEERKAT Family
IFM, superhet and digital B/C-J

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Varies
-85 dBmi
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Vigile APX Family
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-75 dBmi
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VIGILE LW
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16 GHz
-50 dBmi
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VIGILE ESM Family
IFM, superhet and digital E-J band
Wide open
-75 dBmi
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SIZE (in.)
PLATFORM
FEATURES
DRx: 3.7 x 11.3 x 13; proc.: 7.6 x

4.8 x 13.5. quad Rx 6.2 x 1.7 x 7
in.; Ant.: 4.6 x 6.8 x 9
79 lb
air
Digital receiver, dual G4 power Proc., fully integrated on F/A-18 A-F.
Proc.: 7.63 x 5 x 14.6; Rx: 1.72 x

6.7 x 7.5 in.
46 lb
air
NTISP, separately loadable MDFs; light weight, fully digital channelized receiver.
325 lb
air
0.5-18 GHz option. Digital receivers.
300 lb
air
0.5-40 GHz option. High-gain spinning Ant. 2 to 4 tuners; digital receivers.
650 lb
air
0.5-40 GHz option. Digital receivers and IFM.
325 lb
shp
0.5-18 GHz option. Monopulse DF provides 360-degree instantaneous azimuth

coverage.
350 lb
grd, shp
0.5-40 GHz option. High-gain spinning Ant. 2 to 4 tuners, digital receivers.
13.5 x 5 x 7.6
16 kg
air
Intrapulse phase comparison DF.
EW cntrl: 7.5 x 14 x 5; dual Rx: 7 x 15.6 kg

1.5 x 8.7. Ant. mod: 4.3 x 4.3 x 2.6
air
Fully integrated EW self-protection system.
Ant. unit: 18 H x 9 D; Rx-proc.: 16

x 17 x 10.5
83 kg
shp, sub
Installation on surface and subsurface. Continuous throughput of 2.5 mpps.
100 kg
air
60 kg
air
Raw intrapulse data recording and analysis. Fully user programmable.
Half ATR
23 kg
air
Detects all pulsed, CW, ICW and Pulse Doppler radars at long range in complex
RF environments.
Half ATR
10 kg
air
C/D- and K-band extensions. High POI receiver with optional C/D and K band
extensions.
Half ATR and 2 digitizing heads

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<20kg
air
C/D- and K-band extensions. Can be powered by 28V or 400 Hz 3 phase

aircraft supply.
Half ATR and 2 ant. (4.5 x 17.7

x 2.8)
12 kg
air, grd-fix, grdmob, shp
C/D- and K-band extensions. Single- and multi-platform geolocation. UAV.
Half ATR and 4 units (5.9 x 2.3 x

10.6)
23 kg
air, grd-fix, grdmob, shp
C/D- and K-band extensions. Single- and multi-platform geolocation. For larger
platforms.
Geolocation.
14.1 D x 6 H
<19 lbs
0.5-2 GHz and 18-40 GHz options. Built in GPS and compass. Optional AIS Rx.
6Wx6Dx2H
< 2.5lbs
UAV
Ultra light-weight. Designed for UAV applications
air
C/D-, D- and K-band options. Geolocation option. Built-in EW system controller.
grd
K-band option. Remote control operation from EW operation center. Automatic

geolocation.
Proc. 1570 x 645 x 540 mm; ant.

480 x 1230 x 615 mm;
270 kg
air, shp, sub
K-band option. Geolocation option. 90 MHz superhet for C/D band.
Rec-Proc. 200 x 300 x 400 mm
15 kg
air, shp
Specifically designed for situational awareness on small platforms. Automatic

operation.
air, shp, sub
CD- and K-band options. Geolocation option. High-end models include

intrapulse analysis / ELINT.
WEIGHT (in lb/kg)
45
Survey Key RWR/ESM Systems
MODEL
Product name or model number
REC TYPE
Receiver type
superhet = superheterodyne
IFM = instantaneous frequency measurement
CVR = crystal video receiver
DF = direction finding
DIFM = digital instantaneous frequency measurement
SAW = surface acoustic wave
LPI = low probability of intercept
FFT = Fast Fourier Transform
OP FREQ
Operating frequency
VHF = very high frequency
INST BWIDTH
46
Instantaneous bandwidth (if different from operating frequency)

TYP INST SENS
Typical installed sensitivity
DYN RANGE
Total dynamic range
SUPPORT DF
Does it support direction finding?
PWR (in W)
WEIGHT
Weight in lb/kg
FEATURES
Additional features
AIS = automatic identification system
CW = continuous wave
ECM = electronic countermeasure
GPS = global positioning system
HOS = Head of State
LBI = long baseline interferometer
LWS = laser warning system
MDF = monopulse direction finder
NTISP = National Transportation Communications for ITS
Protocol
POI = probability of intercept
SBI = short baseline interferometer
UAV = unmanned aerial vehicle
OTHER ABBREVIATIONS USED
< = greater than
> = less than
config = configuration
deg = degree
dep = dependent
freq = frequency
max = maximum
min = minimum
nband = narrowband
opt = option/optional
wband = wideband
* Indicates answer is classified, not releasable or no answer was
given.
Power dissipated in Watts per channel

SIZE (in inches)
Size by height x weight x length, or diameter, in inches
ATR = air transport rack
PLATFORM
Platform
air = airborne
grd mob = ground, mobile
grd fix = ground, fixed
shp = shipboard
sub = submarine
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EW 101
Radio Propagation
Diffraction by a Rounded Obstacle
contd.
By Dave Adamy
Cross Section of
Cylinder Representing
The Ridge Line
Actual Ridge Line Contour
48
Figure 1: A ridge line with significant width can be represented by a cylinder.
accuracy, it is represented by a cylinder drawn so that it is

tangent to the prominent features of the terrain as shown
in Figure 1.
Figure 2 shows the model for calculation of the cylindrical diffraction loss. The circular cross section of the cylinder
tangent
to the two signal
raycylinder.
lines from the transmitter
canis be
represented
by a
and to the receiver. As shown in the figure, d1 and d 2 are
the horizontal distances from transmitter and receiver to
the point at which the two rays cross. These were entered
in kilometers last month, but we need them in meters for
this calculation. D is the horizontal distance (in meters)
D d1 dat
between the2points
2 which the cylinder is tangent to the
r=
signal ray alines.
[d1 2 + d2 2]
CYLINDRICAL DIFFRACTION
We need to calculate a, the angle between the transmitter
This discussion is based on calculations from an excellent
and receiver rays and r, the radius of the cylinder. The angle
paper presented by Barry McLarnon at the 1997 TAPR/ARRL
a can be calculated from the formula:
Digital Communications conference.
a = atan[ H/d1] + atan [H/d2]
We will assume that the ridge line cannot be considered
a knife edge because it is too broad. To achieve the required
Where: H, d1 and d2 are in meters and a is in radians
ast month, we covered knife-edge diffraction as

a way to model the propagation over some object,
such as a ridge line, which is near the line-of-sight
path between a transmitter and a receiver, or which
blocks the line-of-sight path. Now, we will consider
from an object (for example a ridge line)
Figure
1:diffraction
A ridge
line with significant width
that cannot reasonably be modeled as a knife edge. The actual
contour of the ridge line is represented by a cylinder.
To use this technique, you first find the knife-edge diffraction
as described last month. Then, perform the operations described
in this months column to determine the additional loss caused
by the width of the ridge line over which the signal is diffracted.
LCYL = 11.7 a
rf
96
d'&^&>sZ
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a
r
Transmitter
Location
Receiver
Location
d1
d2
Figure 2: A rounded obstacle can be modeled with a cylindrical section tangent to the signal paths from the transmitter and to the receiver.
50
We need the angle in radians for this calculation. One radian is 57.3 degrees, so if you calculate the arc tangents in
degrees, you will need to divide the result by 57.3.
Figure
2: A rounded obstacle can be modeled
The radius can be estimated from the formula:
r=
2 D d1 d2
a [d1 2 + d2 2]
Where: the radius and all distances are in meters and a is in

with
a cylindrical section tangent to
radians
the signal paths from the transmitter and to the receiver.
LCYL = 11.7 a
rf
96
2 D d1 d2
a [d1 2 + d2 2]
TOTAL LOSS =
LLOS + LKED + LCYL
Note: This is not a figure just the power point for

The formulas inserted into the text
TOTAL LOSS =
LLOS + LKED + LCYL 1.9 dB
Figure 3: If a ridge line is wooded, the cylindrical attenuation is reduced by 65 percent (1.9 dB).
Figure 3: If a ridge line is wooded, the propagation loss is reduced by 65 percent

(1.9 dB).
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a
in radians
r is the radius of the cylinder in meters
F is the signal transmission frequency in MHz
E W101
Now the extra attenuation in addition to the KED and LOS attenuation can be calculated from the formula:
LCYL = 11.7 a
rf
96
2 D d1 d2
Where: LCYL is the additional attenuation above KED and LOS in
dB,
a is the angle between the ray from the
2 + d 2] and
a [dtransmitter
1
2
the ray to the receiver in radians,
r is the radius of the cylinder in meters, and
f is the signal transmission frequency in MHz.
FOR EXAMPLE
Building on the knife-edge diffraction example from last month:
d1 is 20,000 meters,
d2 is 28,300 meters,
H is 62 meters,
F is 150 MHz, and
t he knife edge extends above the line-of-sight.
We calculated the KED loss to be 10 dB and the LOS loss to be
109.6 dB.
Now, we add the value of 10 meters for D.
Using the above formulas,
a = atan(62/20,000) + atan (62/28,300) = .003 + .0022 = .0052 radians
For Example
Building on the knife edge diffraction example from last month:
d1 is 20,000 meters
d2 is 28,300 meters
H is 62 meters
F is 150 MHz
The knife edge extends above the line-of-sight
We calculated the KED loss to be 10 dB and the LOS loss to be 109.6 dB.
r = [2 x 10 x 20,000 x 28300] /[.0052(20,0002 + 28,3002)] =

1.132 x 1010 /6.2 x 106 = 1,826 meters
LCYL = 11.7 x .0052 x sqt[(1826 x 150)/ 96] = 3.2 dB
Now, we add the value of 10 meters for D.
Last month, we calculated the line-of-sight loss (ignorUsing
aboveridge
formulas,line) as 109.6 dB and the knife-edge diffracingthethe
ation
= atan(62/20,000)
atan dB.
(62/28,300)
= .003the
+ .0022
= .0052link
radiansloss is:
loss as+ 10
Thus,
total
+ x10
dB/[.0052(20,000
+ 3.2 dB+ =28,300
122.8
dBx 10 /6.2 x 10 = 1,826 meters
r 109.6
= [2 x 10 xdB
20,000
28300]
)] = 1.132
2
10
LCYL = 11.7 x .0052 x sqt[(1826 x 150)/ 96] = 3.2 dB
WHAT IF THERE ARE TREES ON THE RIDGE LINE?
Last month, we calculated the line of sight loss (ignoring the ridge line) as 109.6 dB and the knife edge
diffraction loss as 10 dB Thus, the total link loss is:
If the ridge line is covered by trees (as in the right side

of Figure 3), the cylindrical attenuation is reduced by 65%,
or 1.9
dB.AREThus,
total
WHAT
IF THERE
TREES ONthe
THE RIDGE
LINE?link attenuation would be 120.9
If the ridge line is covered by trees (as in the right side of Figure 3), the cylindrical attenuation is reduced
dB.
by 65%, or 1.9 dB. Thus, the total link attenuation would be 120.9 dB.
For a bare ridge line, the total loss is:
For a bare ridge line, the total loss is:
109.6 dB + 10 dB + 3.2 dB = 122.8 dB
LLOS + LKED + LCYL
For a wooded ridge line, the total loss is:

LLOS + LKED + LCYL 1.8 dB
WHATS NEXT
Next month, we will discuss another interesting propagation model. For your comments and suggestions, Dave Adamy can be reached at [email protected]. a
52
AOC Professional
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Plan now to attend upcoming AOC courses conveniently
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OCTOBER 20-23
Advanced
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Fundamental
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Essentials of 21st
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Instructor: Mr. Dave Adamy
Instructor: Mr. Dave Adamy
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Symposium
and Convention
December 1-3, 2015
KEYNOTE AND HIGH RANKING SPEAKERS

Gen John Hyten, Commander, AF Space Command
Dr. Paul Kaminski, DSB
Dr. Will Roper, OSD, Director, Strategic Capabilities Office
Lt Gen Dave Deptula, USAF (Ret.)
Gen Michael Hayden, Previous Director, CIA
Maj Gen Giovanni Fantuzzi, IAF, Air Attach to US
Dr. Mark Mayberry, MITRE CTI, Previous AF Chief Scientist
Air Commodore Madelein Spit, Chief NATO NAFAG, Royal Netherlands AF
Dr. Jackie Craig, Australia MOD, DSTO, Chief EW & Cyber Division
Ms. Michelle Weslander-Quaid, Director of Innovation, Google (invited)
Exhibit floor is more than 75% sold! Secure your space today.
Contact Stew Taylor, [email protected].
For more information visit www.crows.org/conventions/2015.html
CONVENTION HOST:
2015 AOC Election Guide

PRESIDENT
Lisa Frug-Cirilli
Lisa has been an active part of
Electronic Warfares (EWs) evolution over the past 18 years. She
brings fresh reserves of technical
EW expertise, as well as superior
leadership skills to the position of
the International AOC Presidency.
Her outstanding contributions to
both government and industry EW
efforts have been rich and varied.
She is a continuing inspiration to the Dixie Crow Chapters
Scholarship and Membership initiatives. Lisa was a chairperson
of this years 40th Dixie Crow Symposium. She also currently
serves as one of the International AOCs Regional Directors and
is Chairperson of our national Membership Committee. Lisa was
hand selected to serve as a special representative to the International AOC Strategy Planning Committee.
Lisa spent the first nine years of her government career
working intra-agency policies associated with the release of
critical technologies for EW and sensor programs. Lisa then left
government service to join industry as a Senior Program Manager for EW programs and activities. In this highly regarded
capacity, Lisa was responsible for EW program sales to both
domestic and foreign customers. Lisa then joined BAE Systems
in 2009 to serve as their lead Field Marketing Representative
in Warner Robins, GA.
Lisa recognizes that the International AOC faces unique
and unprecedented challenges in the years ahead. For the
first time in several years, the office of the President is going to require a two-year commitment. She has clear ideas on
how we can improve our communitys understanding of the
potential impact of EW and Cyber programs/activities/operations in full-spectrum operations. She also wants to renew
focus on our Joint Service and coalition EW needs/synergy
and interoperability priorities. Her vast government/industry experience makes her extremely well qualified to address
challenges in our international AOC strategy, acquisition approach, operational support/sustainment and security areas.
Finally, Lisa possesses unmatched skills for incentivizing our
scholarship and membership opportunities. Lisa is widely rec-
ognized as a distinguished EW professional who has made

enduring contributions to the International AOC and our national security posture.
Tony Lisuzzo
As a member since 1984 nearly
31 years now the AOC has always
been an integral part of Tonys career, and he has served the AOC
well as Secretary, Treasurer, Vice
President and President in the
Garden State Chapter, in addition
to running numerous conferences
and participating in several technology panels during AOC symposiums over the years. Today, Tony continues to serve the AOC
as a leading member of the International Board of Directors.
In 2009, he was honored and humbled to be the AOCs 2009 International Gold Medal recipient. In addition, he has received
numerous commendations and awards throughout his career,
including the Presidential Award and Meritorious Civilian Service Award for being one of the first organizations to institute
a QRC development program and rapidly deliver EW Counter
IED systems to protect our warfighters. These QRC efforts resulted in becoming Program of Record systems and provide
enduring capabilities.
Tonys clearly demonstrated leadership abilities and his
traits of dedication and devotion to duty, with the utmost of
integrity, will prove invaluable in leading the future AOC. Tony
always advocates its capabilities and technical competencies
to all EW/Cyber and EMSO communities of interest. He continuously interfaces and educates these communities on the
increased importance of ISR, Cyber and EW capabilities that
represent a significant change in the way our coalition forces
must address their operational environment. Next generation
systems are emerging to form a global network that seamlessly
converges commercial/military wired, wireless, optical, satellite communications, ISR and other systems into one network
that supports the Internet of Things (IoT). The Department
of Defense and Worldwide Ministries of Defences collective
abilities to leverage this convergence, to ensure and address
Vote for one
55
2015
Election Guide
Cyber resiliency and secure Electromagnetic Spectrum (EMS)

capabilities of our integrated national and Allied partners, are
critical to the collective success of future operations.
More than ever, the EMS and the EW/cyber challenges need
to be addressed at the highest levels of government, industry and academia partnership, and need to be the combined
responsibility of our Association. Specifically working with
our international colleagues and teaming together will be
the ingredient for success. Tony wants to assist AOC and the
community to identify areas for combined operations so the
strengths of all are maximized. Tony has the experience, fortitude and communication skills to ensure that the AOC meets
these challenges and focuses the future leaders of EW, ISR, EMS
and Cyber. Tony is committed to carry forward and represent
the honor of the AOC and its core principles and professional
attributes to the overall organization. He will ensure transparency across the membership, as well as the entire community.
Muddy Watters
56
The AOC, as an organization,

has challenges ahead: 1) we have
an aging membership; 2) we have
a declining membership; 3) military budgets were sequestered,
which limited participation in
AOC events; 4) shrinking budgets
reduce sponsor participation; 5)
some chapters are struggling, and
international chapters feel isolated. 6) EW, Spectrum and Cyber must all be synchronized by
IO to effectively achieve spectrum dominance, and there are
misconceptions about where EW plays. As a result, historically funding has been pushed towards Cyber. So how do we
as an organization address these challenges and remain a
vibrant, professional organization?
I view the AOC as an organization that is here to serve its
members via education, representation and inclusion. The Board
of Directors serves and represents the membership, and the
Presidents role is to: provide strong leadership to, and for, the
organization; provide a vision for the organization; provide support to the members and chapters; challenge and inspire the
Board to architect and implement the changes and actions required to make the AOC a respected partner and leader in the
EW, Cyber, EMSO and IO communities. We need to engage young
Crows involved in STEM education. We need to provide members
and chapters better service and products that include education,
communication and awareness of what is occurring in our stated
mission areas in the Services, OSD, OGAs, COCOMs, on Capitol
Hill and in Industry. We need to do a better job of providing
sponsors a venue for their products and a conduit to address
their issues on the Hill. We need to recruit the best and brightest to serve on the BOD and represent our community, and we
need to develop and implement an education and engagement
strategy that includes policymakers and Congress. We are an
international organization that maintains a US focus, and this
needs to change. We have opportunities for success, EW is starting to get recognized, $2 billion of investment has been identified as a requirement to fix EW, and we as an organization can
use our expertise to help develop investment strategies, change
acquisition processes, improve policy decisions and support the
Services and OSD. I feel I can provide the leadership, representation and vision to your AOC to make this happen.
AT LARGE
Vote for three
Jesse Judge Bourque

Lt Col Jesse Judge Bourque,
USAF (Ret.) has 25 years of experience in Joint Electromagnetic
Spectrum Operations, Special Operations, Information Operations,
planning, leadership, employment
and strategy, including 15 years as
a Special Operations Aviator. Logging nearly 3,000 hours of flight
time in the AC-130H Gunship and
the MC-130H Combat Talon II as a seasoned Electronic Warfare Officer, he conducted short-notice, nationally-sensitive
operations and training in numerous foreign locations in over
30 nations, served on four deployed battle staffs, and flew
133 combat sorties, evolving combat tactics and operational
employment while conducting partner nation engagements in
direct support of Special Operations land and aviation forces

throughout his service. Of note, he succeeded as Director of
Electronic Warfare for the Iraq Theater of Operations during
the period of the largest decline in Coalition Force killed or
wounded throughout Operation IRAQI FREEDOM. He was then
by-name posted to USSTRATCOMs Joint EW Center (JEWC) as
Operations Officer, shaping the future of Spectrum Warfare
across DOTMLPF/P, an effort he continues passionately to this
day. Judge previously served four years on the AOC National
Board, as Regional Director, EXCOM Secretary, and Chairman of
the Government, Industry and Public Relations committee. He
has published six articles in the JED, USSTRATCOMs IO Sphere,
DoN CIO CHIPS Magazine, and Marine Corps Gazette on the
topics of Spectrum Warfare, IO, Cyberspace and the increasingly critical significance of EMS Control. Today as an AECOM
Director for EMS Strategies, Judge serves in the Pentagon and
Crystal City as a Senior OSD Consultant, providing expert advi-
2015
sory and consultation services to key DOD stakeholders across
the Spectrum Operations community. He directly supports
USD Policy, OSD CIO, USSTRATCOM and the Joint Electronic
Warfare Center in pursuit of operationally relevant, enduring
DoD level Governance for EMS Operations.
Todd Caruso
Bob Oracle Lindseth

Col Bob Lindseth, USAF (Ret.)
is an EW professional with years
in the focused portals of intelligence, EW, Cyber Operations and
information activities. His work has
been concentrated in government,
academe and the corporate worlds.
His lectures in academe include instructing officers at DIAs National
Intelligence University (NIU) and
American Military University, providing students with the
knowledge and tools to ascertain the nature of information and
emitter threats and methods to develop plans for regime change
in hostile countries.
Colonel Lindseths military assignments include both field

operations and Pentagon assignments. On Joint Staff, (JCS/
J2) as Deputy Director for Intelligence and Commander of the
Task Force at Site-R, he led the National Security Team to successfully complete one of the most complex challenges ever
undertaken by the United States. Other EW activities included
Air Force Electronic Warfare Analyst in San Antonio and Chief
of the ELINT Desk in the Pentagon.
Colonel Lindseth holds a BGS Degree from the University
of Nebraska, (Omaha) and an MA from St. Marys University of
Texas. He is a member of Omicron Delta Epsilon, the Economics
Honorary Society, The Military Officers Association of America
plus many others.
Bob is currently the Past President of the Capitol Club, Association of Old Crows, the worlds largest most respected authority on Information Operations and Electronic Warfare. His
awards include the Department of Defense Legion of Merit, the
EW Professional of the year and the Col Anton D. Tony Brees
Lifetime Electronic Warfare Service Award.
Gene McFalls
Lt Col Gene McFalls, USAF
(Ret.), served multiple operational
tours as a B-52 Electronic Warfare
Officer. He is the former F-35 Reprogramming Enterprise Lead, 53d
Electronic Warfare Group, Eglin
AFB, FL. From 2008-2013, he served
as the EW Technology Insertion
Deputy, Chief, Common Avionics
Branch, and Deputy Director, EW &
Avionics Division, at Robins AFB, GA.
In 2011, he served as Chief, Electronic Warfare Coordination Cell, US Forces-Iraq. Under his leadership, the unit received the 2011 AOC Outstanding Army Unit Award. He has
been an Electronic Warfare Instructor at the USAF EW School,
B-52 Formal Training Unit, NATO School SHAPE, and the UK
Air Warfare Center. He served as the USAF Electronic Warfare
Advisory Group Secretariat Lead, EW advisor to the USAF Scientific Advisory Board and was a principal author of the USAF
EV 2030 EW Roadmap.
He has been an active AOC Symposium presenter and panel
member and received the 2012 AOC NATO Service Award.
Clay Ogden
Clay will apply his EW experiences and knowledge to help the
AOC accomplish its organizational
goals of raising awareness of existing and potential EW solutions
to the nations military problems
as appropriate. EW is little understood as a force multiplier as
he has witnessed since the mid1990s. Clays experience on the
Army Staff and his previous experiences in the Marines con-
LtCol Todd M. Caruso, USMC

(Ret.) joined the United States
Marine Corps in 1989 through
the Platoon Leaders Course entry
program. He earned his wings as
a Naval Flight Officer in November 1994 and completed follow-on
aviation training as an Electronic
Countermeasures Officer (ECMO) in
the EA-6B Prowler. He was assigned
to Marine Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron Two (VMAQ2) from December 1995-June 1999 and deployed three times
to Aviano Airbase, Italy, in support of Operations DECISIVE
ENDEAVOR, NOBEL ANVIL and ALLIED FORCE. In June 1999,
he attended Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. He was
promoted to major in August of 2001 and graduated from the
Naval Postgraduate School in September of 2001 with a Master
of Science in Aeronautical Engineering. He deployed to Iraq
with VMAQ-4 in support of Operation IRAQI FREEDOM in 2005
and to Iwakuni, Japan, in 2006. In January 2008, Todd reported to the Pentagon for duties as Electronic Warfare Coordinator, Aviation Weapons Branch, Headquarters Marine Corps
Aviation. He assumed command of VMAQ-2 on 19 November
2009. He deployed to Bagram, Afghanistan, in support of Operation ENDURING FREEDOM from May to November 2010 and
relinquished command of VMAQ-2 on 12 August 2011. Lieutenant Colonel Caruso retired from active duty on 1 September
2012 and joined BAE Systems, Electronic Combat Solutions
division, where he works on the development of EW systems.
Lieutenant Colonel Carusos personal awards include the
Bronze Star, Meritorious Service Medal, Air Medal (15th Award
with combat strike), Navy Commendation Medal and the Navy
Achievement Medal.
Election Guide
57
2015
Election Guide
ducting airborne EW give him a unique perspective on the EW

capabilities required to support US and allied land forces. His
perspective, insight into DOD operations and ability to communicate how EW directly benefits the warfighter as a force
multiplier will enable him to effectively execute the duties of
At Large Director.
Steve Tango Tourangeau

Steve Tango Tourangeau,
(USAF Ret) serves as Vice President
of the Kittyhawk Chapter and is
supporting the International AOC
Board as a member of both the
Awards and Communications committees. His membership in AOC
spans almost 30 years, spawned
by his assignment as an F-4 EWO
in 1985. At EWO school he earned
the DO Trophy, graduating top in his class, and nourishing the
value of EW to the warfighter. Tangos recognized EW expertise
led to his selection as wing project officer and test navigator/
EWO for Airlift Defensive Systems and Special Operations EW
modifications to the C-141 fleet. Following that assignment,

he transitioned to the 33d Flight Test Squadron as Air Mobility
Commands EW flight test director.
Upon retirement in 2004, Tango took a position with MacAulay Brown, serving eight years as Director of EW Programs.
There, he influenced and shaped compelling EW/EMS trends
for HQ USAF, MAJCOMs and Air Force Materiel Command. Tango
is currently managing business development for BAE Systems
with the research, development, and acquisition communities
at Wright Patterson AFB.
With operational experience at the tactical, operational
and strategic levels and in the development, acquisition and
testing of EW technologies, Tango has a unique perspective on the entirety of EMS capabilities necessary to support
the current and future warfighter. As an AOC International
Board member, Tango will continue to champion the criticality of EMS Operations in future conflicts and advocate
for necessary capabilities for our warfighters. By improving communication, collaboration and coordination with
all chapters and the general membership, the AOC will have
tremendous influence on our future warfighters ability to
dominate the EMS.
58
AOC REGIONAL DIRECTORS

CENTRAL REGION
Vote for one
Joe Koesters
Joe Koesters has been an engineer and manager for the Air
Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate for more than 28
years (24 in EW). Throughout his
government career, he has served
various assignments as engineer,
program manager, technical advisor and branch chief. A Crow since
1986, he is currently the technical
advisor for the RF Spectrum Warfare branch. In previous assignments, Joe has also led infrared expendable and countermeasure programs.
Joe has been the Central Region Director for the past three
years and Treasurer for the past two years. Previously, he has
served 13 years on the Kittyhawk AOC Board, including three
years as Vice President and four year as President. Joe has also
chaired sessions for the AOC International Symposium and Kittyhawk Week technical symposium.
In addition to his AOC work, Joe has extensive experience
working with and leading various Tri-Service and international teams. He participates in the advocacy of EW programs to
ASDR&E, working with government and industry to clarify EW
plans/goals to leadership. In one of his past jobs, he has also
led a 15-person international team spanning five nations in
the development of EO/IR EW solutions.
Joe has enjoyed serving the AOC for the past three years
and would like the opportunity to continue serving another
term. In the past three years, he has helped ensure the AOC is
in a strong financial position moving into the future, and he
has worked with the Membership Committee to ensure Central
Region chapters are represented in discussions. His goals for
a second term are to look for ways to assist chapters in new
member recruitment, and to look for more ways to offer affordable, detailed educational materials to AOC members.
2015
Election Guide
MID-ATLANTIC REGION
Vote for one
Jim Pryor
Tim Freeman
Jim Hook Pryor is the Director of Advanced Systems Development for L-3 Unmanned
Systems, a division of L-3 Communications. Jim retired from
the US Air Force in July 2014 as
the Director of the Electronic &
Cyber Warfare Requirements Division, Headquarters, USAF, Pentagon. Jim graduated from Texas
Tech University and received his commission in 1987. He is
an aviator with extensive experience as a B-1B WSO and was
the first EW from Undergraduate Navigator training to go
direct to the B-1. Additionally, he is a graduate of the USAF
Weapons School and was an AFCENT planner and B-1 squadron commander. Jim retired as a Master Navigator with over
3,000 hours and more than 400 combat hours.
Candidate statement: Hack the clockduring my
initial flight training, many years ago, this was the first
step in an emergency procedure. The point made to the
young aviators was that you should understand the problem before you acted; gain an awareness of the environment around you, then act to correct the system. The clock
is running, the time to think is over and now is the time
to act. We understand the relationship EW has in todays
world and where the entire EW enterprise must go to reassert dominance in the Spectrum. Now, the AOC needs to
drive the non-partisan agenda to ensure that EW doctrine,
acquisition, manning, training, execution and assessment
are at the forefront of the discussion. It is a momentous
task; the AOC has the people to solve the problems.
PACIFIC REGION
Vote for one
Darin Nielsen
Darin Nielsen received his commission through NROTC in June
1989 at the University of Utah. He
received his Naval Flight Officer
wings in July 1992. He completed
Replacement Bombardier/Navigator training at VA-128, upon which
he received his orders to the Green
Lizards of VA-95. He completed
two cruises with CVW-11 aboard
the USS Abraham Lincoln. Darin transitioned to the EA-6B and

received orders to VX-9. As an Operational Test Director, Darin
was the HARM Project Officer on the HARM Block IIIA/V and
HARM Block VI programs. He also participated in operational
testing to support the introduction of the UEU, Band 9/10
transmitter and Block 89A. As a Naval Reservist, he served
as OIC of NR MOCC EPAC 0176, as an IO Planner with NR NIOC
San Diego and as a staff planner with NR CNFK HQ. He retired
in July 2009.
Since leaving active duty, Darin has worked in the Electronic Warfare Data Systems (EWDS) lab as a sensor engineer
Col Tim Freeman, USAF (Ret.),

first joined the AOC Kittyhawk
Chapter in 1985 while stationed at
Wright-Patterson AFB. He has led the
development of the integrated EW
system for the F-22, and was instrumental in a huge modernization effort for AFEWES and REDCAP. While
stationed at Edwards AFB, Tim led
the flight test and development efforts for the then-classified ALE-40, as well as a number of still
classified EW capabilities across a number of tactical and strategic weapon systems.
In the mid 1990s, while stationed at the Pentagon, Tim led the
charge to create much needed additional funding for EW modeling
and simulation programs. In the late 1990s, he diligently worked
through the safety restrictions to allow for live-fire IRCM testing to be done at the Holloman High Speed Test Track, where he
was the commander. Later, while stationed at the White House to
support the Drug Czar, he used his knowledge of EW to support
and inform policy decisions in support of down-range operations.
In the mid 2000s, as the deputy for verification and test in the
JSF JPO, Tim led the test planning for the F-35, including all the
vulnerability and effectiveness testing. In the late 2000s, he led
the Air Force EW Sustainment Group at Robins AFB, GA, and created the Air Force EW Life Cycle Management Group. While there
he drew the entire Air Force EW community together to focus
priorities and successfully led the charge to get full funding for
the Top 5 EW priorities in 2007 and again in 2008.
Tim now leads Raytheons tactical ISR programs, including AF
DCGS a and U-2 RAS-1R system.
59
2015
Election Guide
supporting reprogramming requirements for the ALQ-99 and

ALQ-218; was a principal designer of the ETIRMS NG, which
eventually became the basis for the ETIRMS UPC; and was
the ICAP II Block III Assistant Block Lead and Software Project Manager for the OFP development at the EA-6B WSSA.
From 2005-2013, he worked as part of the Jammer Technique Optimization (JATO) Fleet Liaison Team, supporting
EA technique testing and development, and technical TTP
documentation. Darin is currently Engilitys Business Director for NAWCWD Programs.
Campaign Rules
Campaigning or electioneering on behalf of any candidate for AOC International office, with or without their knowledge or
consent, is prohibited.
2015 On-Line Voting Instructions
60
Beginning July 1, you can visit the AOC homepage,

www.crows.org, where you will see election information and
a link to electionsonline.us, the independent vendor that
will conduct the on-line election. Once connected to the
electionsonline.us website, type in your AOC member number
and password. The website will direct you to your ballot, where
you can make your selections. If you have not logged on to the
AOC website before, you need to use your membership number
and crows as the password. Your membership number can be
found on the mailing label of your copy of JED, your membership card or you may call AOC headquarters for assistance.
Your dues must be current as of June 20 in order to
vote. As with past AOC elections, your ballot is secret.
Electionsonline.us will hold all completed ballots,

tabulate them and send the results to the AOC when the
election is complete. Once you have cast your on-line vote,
electionsonline.us will send you an e-mail confirming that
they have received your completed ballot.
PAPER BALLOTS
For those AOC members who do not want to vote on-line,
the AOC has provided a paper ballot below. Members may cut
out the paper ballot, mark it including your member number
(available on the front label of your JED and your name and
contact information) and mail it back to the AOC. Paper
ballots must be postmarked no later than July 31, 2015.
2015 AOC Election Ballot

Ballots must be postmarked by July 31, 2015.
Name __________________________________________________________ AOC Member Number________________________
E-mail address _____________________________________________________________________________________________
AOC President
At Large Directors
(vote for one)
Lisa Frug-Cirilli
Tony Lisuzzo
Muddy Watters
(vote for three)
Jesse Judge Bourque

Todd Caruso
Bob Oracle Lindseth
Gene McFalls
Clay Ogden
Stephen Tango Tourangeau
AOC Regional Directors

(vote for one in each region)
Central Region
Joe Koesters
Mid-Atlantic Region
Tim Freeman
Jim Pryor
Pacific Region
Darin Nielsen
news
EW WORKING GROUP AND THE AOC BRING DOD CIO TEAM TO CAPITOL
HILL TO BRIEF CONGRESS ON ASSURED DYNAMIC SPECTRUM
ACCESS: A FRAMEWORK FOR REVOLUTIONARY CHANGE
61
PALMETTO ROOST CYBER EDUCATION SERIES:

CYBER TOOLS DEVELOPMENT COURSE
AO C
as sociation
news
VIEWS FROM THE 390TH ECS
62
SILVER STATE CROWS PRESENT AOC

DISTINGUISHED SERVICE AWARD
KITTYHAWK
CHAPTER: US AIR
FORCE INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGY (AFIT)
PROGRAM AWARDS
7TH ANNUAL EW CAPABILITY GAPS

AND ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
OPERATIONAL & TECHNICAL
INFORMATION EXCHANGE
AUGUST 11-13
CRANE, IN
XXX
The overall goal of the event is to provide a forum for EW professionals from the
military, government, industry and academic fields, to discuss issues related
Xxx
to ensure EW maintains
fp freedom of maneuver through the Electromagnetic
Spectrum (EMS) in support of achieving commanders objectives. Speakers and
CMYK
presenters will look back at the previous few years and identify progress made to
ensure
the success of
the warfighter in tomorrows battlespace.
premium
position
p. 63
AGENDA
to the requirements of EW programs, platforms, and operations. This capstone
event will focus on the identified gaps and technologies the services require
DAY 1: Exploring the services gaps, including the mutually supportive

capabilities of EW across all maneuver spaces (domains). This informative session
of presentation and open discussion will provide senior leaders and attendees
insight to Spectrum programs and operations that are key areas to the entire
battlespace operations. SECRET US ONLY
DAY 2: Review of the services gaps with respect to the many disciplines of
EW and Non-Kinetic Warfare including but not limited to RF, EO, and IR. This
informative session of presentation and open discussion will provide senior leaders
and attendees insight to Spectrum programs and operations that are key areas to
the entire battlespace operations. SECRET US ONLY
DAY 3: Detailed Intelligence Community updates on where our adversaries

threat systems are today and where they are going in the future. TS/SCI ONLY
F O R M O R E I N F O R M A T I O N V I S I T WWW.CROWS.ORG
AOC Industry and Institute/University Members

SUSTAINING
Allen-Vanguard
Electro-Metrics
Micro Systems
SRC, Inc.
Alpha Design Technologies

Pvt. Ltd.
Elektrobit Wireless
Communications Ltd.
Microsemi Corporation
SRCTec, Inc.
SRI International
AMPEX Data Systems
ELTA Systems Ltd
MiKES Microwave Electronic

Systems Inc.
Amplifier Technology Limited
EM Research Inc.
Miles Industrial Electronics Ltd.
Stay On-Line
Anaren Microwave, Inc.
Empower RF Systems
Milso AB
Sunshine Aero Industries
Annapolis Micro
Systems, Inc.
ESL Defence Limited
MITEQ, Inc.
SURVICE Engineering Co.
ESROE Limited
The MITRE Corporation
Anritsu
Symetrics Industries, LLC
Esterline Defense Group
ApisSys SAS
Sypris Data Systems
ETM Electromatic Inc.
Modern Technology
Solutions, Inc.
ARINC, Inc.
e2v Aerospace and Defense, Inc.
Mountain RF Sensors Inc.
Aselsan A.S.
EW Simulation
Technology Ltd
Multiconsult Srl
ATGI
My-konsult
Systems & Processes

Engineering Corp.
ATK Defense Electronic Systems
EWTW LLC
New World Solutions, Inc.
SystemWare Inc.
Atkinson Aeronautics &

Technology, Inc.
FEI-Elcom Tech, Inc.
Nova Defence
Tactical Technologies Inc.
Gigatronics Inc.
OPAL-RT Technologies Inc.
Rohde & Schwarz USA
Atos IT Solutions and

Services AG
GMRE Inc.
Overlook Systems Technology
Tadiran Electronic
Systems Ltd.
Saab Electronic Defense

Systems
Hittite Microwave
Parker Aerospace (SprayCool)
Tech Comm Inc.
Auriga Microwave
Honeywell International
Peralex
Tech Resources, Inc.
Hunter Technology Corp.
Technology Security Associates
Impact Science & Technology
Phoenix International
Systems, Inc.
Impulse Technologies Inc.
Plath, GmbH
TEK Microsystems, Inc.
Information Warfare
Technologies
Q-Microwave
Tektronix Component Solutions
Q-Par Angus
Tektronix, Inc.
Innovationszentrum Fur
Telekommunikation
-stechnik GmbH (IZT)
Queued Solutions, L.L.C.
Teledyne Technologies
Radio Frequency
Simulation Systems
Teleplan AS
Radixon
Colorado Engineering Inc.
Integrated Microwave
Technologies, LLC
Ten-Tec Inc.
COMINT Consulting
Intelligent RF Solutions
Research Associates
of Syracuse, Inc.
TERASYS Technologies, LLC
Comtech PST
ISPAS as
Concord Components Inc.
IW Mircowave Products Division
Rohde & Schwarz

GmbH & Co. KG
Textron Systems
CPI
JP Morgan Chase
Roschi Rohde & Schwarz AG
Crane Aerospace & Electronics
JT3, LLC
Georgia Tech Research Institute
CRFS Limited
Keragis Corporation
Rotating Precision
Mechanisms Inc.
Mercer Engineering
Research Center
CSIR
KRYTAR, Inc.
RUAG Holding
CSP Associates
Kudelski Security
SAT Corporation
CyberVillage
Networkers Inc.
L-3 Communications
SAZE Technologies
L-3 Communications-Applied
Signal & Image Technology
Science Applications
International Corporation
L-3 Communications
Cincinnati Electronics
Scientific Research Corporation
TriaSys Technologies Corp.
SELEX Galileo Inc.
TriQuint Inc.
L-3 Communications/
Randtron Antenna Systems
Sematron
TRU Corporation
LS telcom AG
Siemens IT Solutions and

Services
Ultra Electronics
Avalon Systems
BAE Systems
Ball Aerospace Technologies
The Boeing Company
Chemring Group Plc
DRS Defense Solutions
Electronic Warfare Associates
Exelis
General Atomics
General Dynamics
Keysight Technologies
Lockheed Martin
Mercury Computer Systems
Northrop Grumman
Raytheon Company
Rockwell Collins
TASC
Thales Communications
Azure Summit
Technologies, Inc.
MILITARY UNITS
Battlespace Simulations, Inc.
453 EWS/EWD Research

51 Sqn, Royal Air Force
Japan Air Self-Defense Force
64
JEWOSU
VMAQ-1
VMAQ-2
Avalon Electronics, Inc.
VMAQ-3
VMAQ-4
INSTITUTE/
UNIVERSITY
MIT Lincoln Laboratory

National EW Research and
Simulation Center
GOVERNMENT GROUP
Defence Science & Technology
Agency (DSTA)
Naval Research Center,
Dahlgren Division
BJG
Blue Ridge Envisioneering, Inc.
Booz & Allen Hamilton
Cobham DES M/A-Com
Cobham Sensor Systems
Dayton-Granger, Inc.
dB Control
Defence R&D Canada
Defense Engineering
Corporation
Defense Research
Associates Inc.
STI Electronics, Inc.
Systematic Software
Engineering
TECOM Industries
Teligy
TERMA A/S
Thales Components Corp.
Thales Homeland Security
Times Microwave Systems
TINEX AS
TMD Technologies
TRAK Microwave
Transformational Security, LLC
Tri Star Engineering
MacAulay-Brown
Sierra Nevada Corporation
Ultra Electronics TCS Inc.
GROUP
Delcross Technologies LLC
Mass Consultants
Sivers IMA AB
VMR Electronics LLC
3dB Labs Inc.
Delta Microwave
MBDA France
Soneticom, Inc.
W.L. Gore & Associates
ACI Technologies
DHPC Technologies, Inc.
MC Countermeasures, Inc.
SOS International
W5 Technologies, Inc.
Aeronix
DRS Tactical Systems
MDA Systems
SOURIAU PA&E
Wavepoint Research, Inc.
Aethercomm, Inc.
D-TA Systems, Inc.
MEDAV GmbH
SpecPro-Inc.
Werlatone Inc.
A.G. Franz, LLC
Dynetics, Inc.
MegaPhase
Spectranetix, Inc.
Wideband Systems, Inc.
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
EADS North America
Mercury Defense Systems
X-Com Systems
Alion Science and Technology
Elbit Systems EW and

SIGINT Elisra
Micro-Coax, Inc.
Spectrum Signal Processing

by Vecima
Micro Communications Inc.
SR Technologies
Zodiac Data Systems
Index
of ad ve r tise r s
JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense

(ISSN 0192-429X), is published monthly
by Naylor, LLC, for the Association of
Old Crows, 1000 N. Payne St., Ste. 200,
Alexandria, VA 22314-1652.
POSTMASTER:
Send address changes to
JED, The Journal of Electronic Defense,
c/o Association of Old Crows,
1000 N. Payne St., Ste. 200,
Alexandria, VA 22314-1652.
Subscription Information:
Glorianne ONeilin
(703) 549-1600
[email protected]
JED Sales
Offices
5950 NW 1st Place

Gainesville, FL 32607
Toll Free (US): (800) 369-6220
Fax: +1 (352) 331-3525
Project Manager:
James Ream
Direct: +1 (352) 333-3375
[email protected]
Advertising Sales Representatives:
Shaun Greyling
Direct: +1 (352) 333-3385
[email protected]
Erik Henson
Direct: +1 (352) 333-3443
[email protected]
Chris Zabel
Direct: +1 (352) 333-3420
[email protected]
NAYLOR (Canada) Inc.
300 1630 Ness Ave.
Winnipeg, MB Canada R3J 3X1
Toll Free (US): (800) 665-2456
Fax: +1 (204) 947-2047
BAE Systems ........................................... www.baesystems.com ............... Outside Back Cover

Battlespace Simulations, Inc. ................... www.bssim.com ................................................49
Berkeley Nucleonics Corporation............... www.berkeleynucleonics.com ............................33
Ciao Wireless, Inc. ................................... www.ciaowireless.com.......................................14
Comtech PST Corp. ................................... www.comtechpst.com......................................... 7
Crane Aerospace & Electronics .................. www.craneae.com/JED2 ....................................10
E2V ....................................................... www.e2v-us.com ............................................... 51
Elbit Systems EW and SIGINT-Elisra Ltd. .... www.elbitsystems.com ......................................29
ET Industries .......................................... www.etiworld.com ............................................34
EW Simulation Technology LTD ................. www.ewst.co.uk................................................. 3
Exelis Electronic Systems......................... www.exelisinc.com/DisruptorSRx ......................19
FEI-Elcom Tech, Inc. ................................ www.fei-elcomtech.com ....................................36
GEW Technologies (PTY) Ltd. .................... www.gew.co.za .................................................. 8
Giga-tronics Incorporated ........................ www.gigatronics.com ........................................ 11
Keysight Technologies ............................. www.keysight.com ............................................21
L-3 Narda Microwave East......................... www.nardamiteq.com........................................37
Lockheed Martin Mission Systems
and Training ........................................ www.lockheedmartin.com .................................. 9
MACOM ................................................... www.macom.com ..............................................53
Mercury Systems ................................... www.mrcy.com/OpenRFM ..................................17
Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems
Amherst Systems ............................... www.northropgrumman.com .............................13
Northrop Grumman ES/DSD
(Rolling Meadows, IL)............................ www.northropgrumman.com ...... Inside Back Cover
NuWaves Engineering .............................. www.nuwaves.com ............................................18
PLATH AG - go2SIGNALS .......................... www.go2signals.de ...........................................30
PLATH GmbH........................................... www.plath-ag.ch ..............................................16
Raytheon Company.................................. www.Raytheon.com/spectrum ....Inside Front Cover
Rohde & Schwarz..................................... www.rohde-schwarz.com/ad/sat/pow ............. 5, 23
Signal Hound .......................................... www.signalhound.com ......................................35
Teledyne Microwave Solutions .................. www.TeledyneMicrowave.com ............................38
Thales Aerospace Division ........................ www.thalesgroup.com .......................................25
W. L. Gore & Associates ............................ www.gore.com ..................................................31
X-Com Systems ........................................ www.xcomsystems.com .....................................28
Periodicals postage paid at Alexandria,

VA, and additional mailing offices.
Subscriptions: JED, The Journal of
Electronic Defense, is sent to AOC
members and subscribers only.
Subscription rates for paid subscribers
are $160 per year in the US, $240 per
year elsewhere; single copies and back
issues (if available) $12 each in the US;
$25 elsewhere.
Anaren Microwave Inc. ............................ www.anaren.com ..............................................47
65
JED
quick look
Details
Page #
Japan, foreign military sale of V-22B Block C Ospreys .......................... 20
5th Generation Fighter Aircraft ......................................................... 27
Kittyhawk Chapter, Air Force Institute of Technology Awards ............. 62
Aeronix, RWR and ESM systems ......................................................... 40
Lockheed Martin F-16, AESA upgrades for gen 4.5 ............................... 28
Air Force Research Lab, BAA for High-Powered

Electromagnetics (HPEM) ............................................................ 16
Lockheed Martin MST, RWR and ESM systems ..................................... 42

LtCol Paul K. Johnson, new command of VMAQ-4 ................................ 18
Andrew Dunn, Exelis ........................................................................ 27
Mercury Systems, US Navy contract for tuners,

receivers for SLQ-32(V)6 .............................................................. 18
AOC Election Guide ........................................................................... 55
Missile Warning Systems for fast jets ................................................. 26
Argon ST, RWR and ESM systems........................................................ 40
Murray Collette, BAE Systems............................................................ 26
Aselsan, memorandum of understanding with Terma .......................... 20
NATO Communication and Information Agency, bid invitation for

new RCIED countermeasures ........................................................ 20
Aselsan, RWR and ESM systems ......................................................... 40

Australia, foreign military sale of Super Hornet and
Growler aircraft .......................................................................... 20
BAE Systems Australia, RWR and ESM systems ................................... 40
BAE Systems, RWR and ESM systems .................................................. 40
Next Gen Jammer low band transmitter, budget adjustment ................ 15

Next Generation Joint Surveillance Target Attack
Radar System (JSTARS) ............................................................... 15
Niall Ingram, Selex ........................................................................... 27
Northrop Grumman, RWR and ESM systems ........................................ 42
Boeing F/A-18 E/F, Integrated Defensive

Electronic Countermeasures (IDECM) ............................................ 33
Palmetto Roost, education series ....................................................... 61
Boeing F-15, advanced AESA radars ................................................... 30
Peter Bartos, Northrop Grumman ....................................................... 27
Bruno Carrara, Thales Electronic Combat Systems ............................... 26
Radar Warning Receivers (RWR) and Electronic Support Measures

(ESM) receivers ........................................................................... 39
Chris Bushell, Selex ES ..................................................................... 26

Page #
390th Electronic Combat Squadron .................................................... 62
Airbus Defense and Space, RWR and ESM systems ............................... 40
66
Details
Common Missile Warning System, HASC budget .................................. 15

Dassault Rafale, AESA upgrades ......................................................... 34
EC-130H Compass Call, budget adjustment .......................................... 15
Elbit Systems - Elisra EW and SIGINT, RWR and ESM systems ............... 40
Elettronica, RWR and ESM systems .................................................... 40
Radio propagation, diffraction by a rounded obstacle ......................... 48

Rafael, RWR and ESM systems ........................................................... 42
Raytheon, RWR and ESM systems ......................................................44
Rick Coutts, AOC Distinguished Service Award from
Silver State Crows ....................................................................... 62
Rick Yuse, Raytheon......................................................................... 22
Elettronica, testing of ELT/160 Radar Warning Receiver for

Italy NH90 helos ......................................................................... 20
Rockwell Collins, RWR and ESM systems.............................................44
Elta, RWR and ESM systems ............................................................... 42
Saab Gripen E, Selex Raven AESA radar .............................................. 34
Eurofighter Typhoon, Captor E-Scan AESA upgrade ............................. 36
Saab, RWR and ESM systems ..............................................................44
EW Planning and Management Tools (EWPMT), HASC budget ............... 15
Selex ES, RWR and ESM systems.........................................................44
EW Working Group and AOC, Congressional briefing ............................ 61
Sierra Nevada, RWR and ESM systems.................................................44
Exelis, RWR and ESM systems ............................................................ 42
Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center,

RFI for COTS airborne DF systems ................................................. 18
F-16 AESA radar upgrade, budget adjustment ..................................... 15

F-35, next generation missile warning ............................................... 27
House Armed Services Committee, 2016 Budget report ........................ 15
India, foreign military sale of C-130J follow on support ...................... 20
Teledyne Defence, RWR and ESM systems ...........................................44

Terma, memorandum of understanding with Aselsan .......................... 20
Thales Systmes Aroports, RWR and ESM systems ............................44
Indra, RWR and ESM systems............................................................. 42
US Army Armament Research, Development and Engineering Center,

RFI for state-of-the-art countermeasures ...................................... 18
Irmin Menscher, Elbit Systems EW and SIGINT - Elisra......................... 26
US Army, RFI for ELINT integration on Guardrail ................................ 18
Visit the AOC EW/SIGINT Resource Guide online at www.ewsigint.org.
XXX
Xxx
fp
CMYK
premium position
p. 3
BUILDING ON THE PAST.

FOCUSED ON THE FUTURE.
With more than 60 years of electronic warfare experience, BAE Systems utilizes revolutionary technology
to protect the warfighter by countering emerging threats, while maximizing mission effectiveness and
survivability today and into the future.
XXX
Xxx
fp
CMYK
premium position
p. 4
www.baesystems.com/EW

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JUNE 2015

The Journal of Electronic Defense

Staying a step ahead of emerging threats. Protecting

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The Journal of Electronic Defense

The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2015

For a variety of reasons, including advanced IR

Cover and contents photos courtesy US Navy.

This month, we are focusing on radar warning

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The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2015

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here is probably no greater responsibility in the International AOC than

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The Journal of Electronic Defense | June 2015

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