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    Hydrogenation of Vegetable Oil To Margarine

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    Chengsi Wu
    The document summarizes the process of hydrogenating vegetable oils to produce margarine. It involves the following steps: 1) Vegetable oils such as palm, sunflower, rapeseed and soybean oils undergo selective catalytic hydrogenation using nickel and palladium catalysts at 430 K to saturate unsaturated fatty acids. 2) This produces hydrogenated fat and trans-isomers from the triglycerides in the vegetable oils. 3) Emulsifiers, artificial flavors and colors are added to produce the final margarine product. Hydrogenation reduces double and triple bonds in unsaturated fatty acids, generating saturated fats and potentially trans fats.

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    Hydrogenation of Vegetable Oil To Margarine

    Uploaded by

    Chengsi Wu
    529 views2 pages
    The document summarizes the process of hydrogenating vegetable oils to produce margarine. It involves the following steps: 1) Vegetable oils such as palm, sunflower, rapeseed and soybean oils undergo selective catalytic hydrogenation using nickel and palladium catalysts at 430 K to saturate unsaturated fatty acids. 2) This produces hydrogenated fat and trans-isomers from the triglycerides in the vegetable oils. 3) Emulsifiers, artificial flavors and colors are added to produce the final margarine product. Hydrogenation reduces double and triple bonds in unsaturated fatty acids, generating saturated fats and potentially trans fats.

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    Hydrogenation of Vegetable Oil to Margarine

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    Hydrogenation of Vegetable Oil to Margarine

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    The document summarizes the process of hydrogenating vegetable oils to produce margarine. It involves the following steps: 1) Vegetable oils such as palm, sunflower, rapeseed and soybean oils undergo selective catalytic hydrogenation using nickel and palladium catalysts at 430 K to saturate unsaturated fatty acids. 2) This produces hydrogenated fat and trans-isomers from the triglycerides in the vegetable oils. 3) Emulsifiers, artificial flavors and colors are added to produce the final margarine product. Hydrogenation reduces double and triple bonds in unsaturated fatty acids, generating saturated fats and potentially trans fats.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    529 views2 pages

    Hydrogenation of Vegetable Oil To Margarine

    Uploaded by

    Chengsi Wu
    The document summarizes the process of hydrogenating vegetable oils to produce margarine. It involves the following steps: 1) Vegetable oils such as palm, sunflower, rapeseed and soybean oils undergo selective catalytic hydrogenation using nickel and palladium catalysts at 430 K to saturate unsaturated fatty acids. 2) This produces hydrogenated fat and trans-isomers from the triglycerides in the vegetable oils. 3) Emulsifiers, artificial flavors and colors are added to produce the final margarine product. Hydrogenation reduces double and triple bonds in unsaturated fatty acids, generating saturated fats and potentially trans fats.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Hydrogenation of Vegetable oil to Margarine

    The raw materials for the manufacture of margarine are vegetable oils such as palm,
    sunflower, rape seed and soya bean oils. The main method used to modify natural
    vegetable oils into the fatty base for margarine is by the selective catalytic hydrogenation
    of the triglycerides of the unsaturated acids in vegetable oils. This produces hydrogenated
    fat and trans-isomers.
    i.

    Hydrogen + Vegetable oil

    Margarine

    raw materials: vegetable oils such as palm, sunflower, rape seed and soya bean oils
    temperature: 430 K
    catalyst: nickel and palladium (finely divided and supported on kieselguhr which is a
    form of silica)
    Vegetables oils is extracted by high temperature and pressure then the remaining fraction
    of oil removed with hexane and other solvents. Oils are now rancid, steam cleaned to
    remove all vitamins and antioxidants. After that, oils mixed with a nickel catalyst. Oil
    with catalyst subjected to hydrogen gas in high-pressure, high-temperature reactor. Soaplike emulsifiers mixed in. Oil steam cleaned again to remove horrible odor. Gray color
    removed by bleaching. Artificial flavors, synthetic vitamins and natural color added.

    Hydrogenation to treat with hydrogen is a chemical reaction between molecular


    hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a catalyst such
    as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed
    to reduce or saturate organic compounds. Hydrogenation typically constitutes the addition of
    pairs of hydrogen atoms to a molecule, generally an alkene. Catalysts are required for the
    reaction to be usable; non-catalytic hydrogenation takes place only at very high
    temperatures. Hydrogenation reduces double and triplebonds in hydrocarbons.[1]
    Because of the importance of hydrogen, many related reactions have been developed for its
    use. Most hydrogenations use gaseous hydrogen (H2), but some involve the alternative
    sources of hydrogen, not H2: these processes are called transfer hydrogenations
    Hydrogenation of unsaturated fats produces saturated fats. In
    hydrogenation, trans fats may be generated as well.

    the

    case

    of

    partial

    Industrial reactors[edit]
    Catalytic hydrogenation is done in a tubular plug-flow reactor (PFR) packed with a supported
    catalyst. The pressures and temperatures are typically high, although this depends on the
    catalyst. Catalyst loading is typically much lower than in laboratory batch hydrogenation, and
    various promoters are added to the metal, or mixed metals are used, to improve activity,
    selectivity and catalyst stability. The use of nickel is common despite its low activity, due to its
    low cost compared to precious metals.
    Gas Liquid Induction Reactors (Hydrogenator) are also used for carrying out catalytic
    hydrogenation.[

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