Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 131 views

    Signal and System Lecture 16

    Uploaded by

    ali_rehman87
    This document summarizes key concepts in signals and systems including AM modulation using periodic carriers, pulse train carriers for time-division multiplexing, sinusoidal frequency modulation, discrete-time sinusoidal AM, sampling theory, and decimation/interpolation. Specifically, it discusses how AM, FM, and pulse train modulation work in both continuous and discrete time. It also covers the sampling theorem, decimation which reduces the sample rate by discarding zeros, and interpolation which increases the sample rate.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Signal and System Lecture 16

    Uploaded by

    ali_rehman87
    131 views20 pages
    This document summarizes key concepts in signals and systems including AM modulation using periodic carriers, pulse train carriers for time-division multiplexing, sinusoidal frequency modulation, discrete-time sinusoidal AM, sampling theory, and decimation/interpolation. Specifically, it discusses how AM, FM, and pulse train modulation work in both continuous and discrete time. It also covers the sampling theorem, decimation which reduces the sample rate by discarding zeros, and interpolation which increases the sample rate.

    Original Title

    signal and system Lecture 16

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document summarizes key concepts in signals and systems including AM modulation using periodic carriers, pulse train carriers for time-division multiplexing, sinusoidal frequency modulation, discrete-time sinusoidal AM, sampling theory, and decimation/interpolation. Specifically, it discusses how AM, FM, and pulse train modulation work in both continuous and discrete time. It also covers the sampling theorem, decimation which reduces the sample rate by discarding zeros, and interpolation which increases the sample rate.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    131 views20 pages

    Signal and System Lecture 16

    Uploaded by

    ali_rehman87
    This document summarizes key concepts in signals and systems including AM modulation using periodic carriers, pulse train carriers for time-division multiplexing, sinusoidal frequency modulation, discrete-time sinusoidal AM, sampling theory, and decimation/interpolation. Specifically, it discusses how AM, FM, and pulse train modulation work in both continuous and discrete time. It also covers the sampling theorem, decimation which reduces the sample rate by discarding zeros, and interpolation which increases the sample rate.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 20

    Signals and Systems

    Fall 2003
    Lecture #16
    30 October 2003

    1. AM with an Arbitrary Periodic Carrier


    2. Pulse Train Carrier and Time-Division Multiplexing
    3. Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation
    4. DT Sinusoidal AM
    5. DT Sampling, Decimation,
    and Interpolation
    AM with an Arbitrary Periodic Carrier
    Modulating a (Periodic) Rectangular Pulse Train
    Modulating a Rectangular Pulse Train Carrier, cont’d

    for rectangular pulse


    Observations
    1) We get a similar picture with any c(t) that is periodic with period T

    2) As long as ωc = 2π/T > 2ωM, there is no overlap in the shifted and


    scaled replicas of X(jω). Consequently, assuming ao ≠ 0:

    x(t) can be recovered by passing y(t) through a LPF


    3) Pulse Train Modulation is the basis for Time-Division Multiplexing
    — Assign time slots instead of frequency slots to different channels,
    e.g. AT&T wireless phones
    4) Really only need samples {x(nT)} when ωc > 2 ωM
    ⇒ Pulse Amplitude Modulation
    Sinusoidal Frequency Modulation (FM)

    x(t) is signal
    to be
    transmitted

    FM
    Sinusoidal FM (continued)

    • Transmitted power does not depend on x(t): average power = A2/2


    • Bandwidth of y(t) can depend on amplitude of x(t)
    • Demodulation
    a) Direct tracking of the phase θ(t) (by using phase-locked loop)
    b) Use of an LTI system that acts like a differentiator

    H(jω) — Tunable band-limited differentiator, over the bandwidth of y(t)

    … looks like AM
    envelope detection
    DT Sinusoidal AM
    Multiplication ↔ Periodic convolution

    Example #1:
    Example #2: Sinusoidal AM

    No overlap of
    shifted spectra
    Example #2 (continued): Demodulation

    Possible as long as there is


    no overlap of shifted replicas
    of X(ejω):

    Misleading drawing – shown for a


    very special case of ωc = π/2
    Example #3: An arbitrary periodic DT carrier
    Example #3 (continued):

    2πa3 = 2πa0

    No overlap when: ωc > 2ωM (Nyquist rate) ⇒ ωM < π/N


    DT Sampling
    Motivation: Reducing the number of data points to be stored or
    transmitted, e.g. in CD music recording.
    DT Sampling (continued)
    DT Sampling Theorem

    We can reconstruct x[n]


    if ωs = 2π/N > 2ωM

    Drawn assuming
    ωs > 2ωM
    Nyquist rate is met
    ⇒ ωM < π/N

    Drawn assuming
    ωs < 2ωM
    Aliasing!
    Decimation — Downsampling

    xp[n] has (n - 1) zero values between nonzero values:


    Why keep them around?

    Useful to think of this as sampling followed by discarding the zero values

    compressed in
    time by N
    Illustration of Decimation in the Time-Domain (for N = 3)
    Decimation in the Frequency Domain

    Squeeze in time
    Expand in frequency
    Illustration of Decimation in the Frequency Domain

    After sampling

    After discarding zeros


    The Reverse Operation: Upsampling (e.g. CD playback)
    N
    x[n]

    s s

    You might also like