Chapter 4 Surface Area and Volume

Measurement and geometry
Surface area
and volume
Some theme parks have wave pools, which are big
swimming pools that simulate the movement of the water at
a beach. A large volume of water is quickly released into one
end of the pool, which produces a large wave that moves
across the pool to the other end. The excess water in the
pool is recycled so that it can be used to produce more
waves.
N E W C E N T U R Y M AT H S A D V A N C E D
ustralian Curriculum
10 10A
Shutterstock.com/CJPhoto
for the A
n Chapter outline
4-01 Surface area of a prism
4-02 Surface area of a cylinder
4-03 Surface area of a pyramid*
4-04 Surface areas of cones and
spheres*
4-05 Surface areas of composite
solids
4-06 Volumes of prisms and
cylinders
4-07 Volumes of pyramids,
cones and spheres*
4-08 Volumes of composite
solids*
4-09 Areas of similar figures*
4-10 Surface areas and volumes
of similar solids*
*STAGE 5.3
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n Wordbank
Proficiency strands
U
F
PS
R
C
U
F
PS
R
U
F
PS
R
C
U
F
PS
R
C
cross-section A slice of a solid, taken across the solid

rather than along it
PS
hemisphere Half a sphere
PS
pyramid A solid with a polygon for a base and triangular

faces that meet at a point called the apex
PS
PS
sector A region of a circle cut off by two radii, shaped like

a piece of pizza
U
U
F
F
PS
PS
R
R
C
C
curved surface area The area of the curved surface of a

solid such as a cylinder or sphere. The curved surface of
a cylinder is a rectangle when flattened.
slant height The height of a pyramid or cone from its

apex (top) to its base along a side face rather than its
perpendicular height
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Surface area and volume
n In this chapter you will:

solve problems involving the surface areas and volumes of right prisms
calculate the surface area and volume of cylinders and solve related problems
(STAGE 5.3) solve problems involving surface area and volume of right pyramids, right cones,
spheres and related composite solids
calculate the surface areas and volumes of composite solids
(STAGE 5.3) investigate ratios of areas of similar figures
(STAGE 5.3) investigate ratios of surface areas and volumes of similar solids
SkillCheck
Worksheet
StartUp assignment 3
Calculate the area of each shape. All measurements are in centimetres.

a
MAT10MGWK10015
20
14
Skillsheet
14
Solid shapes
28
28
MAT10MGSS10007
18
26
35
Skillsheet
What is volume?
30
MAT10MGSS10008
Puzzle sheet
Area
MAT10MGPS00010
Find, correct to two decimal places, the area of each sector.

a
120
1.2 m
110
8 m 10 8 m
2m
4-01 Surface area of a prism

A cross-section of a solid is a slice of the solid cut across it,
parallel to its end faces, rather than along it. A prism has the
same (uniform) cross-section along its length, and each
cross-section is a polygon (with straight sides).
cross section
This trapezoidal prism has identical cross-sections that are trapeziums.
A right prism
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10 10A
Summary
The surface area of a solid is the total area of all the faces of the solid. To calculate the
surface area of a solid, find the area of each face and add the areas together.
Example
Find the surface area of the prism.
Closed triangular prism
15 cm
12 cm
8 cm
Solution
The open prism has five faces: two identical triangles
(front and back) and three different rectangles.
Using Pythagoras theorem to find m, the hypotenuse of
the triangle:
15
8
12
base
m2 82 152
289
p
m 289
17
Surface area 2 triangles 3 rectangles

1
23
3 8 3 15 17 3 12 8 3 12 15 3 12
2
600 cm2
Example
2
10 cm
Calculate the surface area of this trapezoidal prism.
13 cm
15 cm
12 cm
18 cm
24 cm
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Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
10
15
Solution
12
10
13
This trapezoidal prism has 6 faces:

two identical trapeziums (front and
back) and four different rectangles.
24
18
1
Area of each trapezium 3 10 24 3 12
2
204 cm2
Surface area 2 3 204 18 3 10 18 3 15 18 3 24 18 3 13

1524 cm2
Exercise 4-01
See Example 1
Surface area of a prism
Find the surface area of each prism.

a
2 cm
40 mm
41 mm
3m
7m
12 m
15 cm
20 mm
18 mm
7 cm
e
3m
f
10 m
5m
10 m
8m
24 mm
2.5 m
20 mm
6m
7 mm
Name the prism that each net represents, then calculate the surface area of the prism. All
lengths are in metres.
a
16
d
24
9
18
45
26
30
51
24 13
25
72
66
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This classroom is being renovated. Find:

a the area of the floor to be carpeted and the
cost, at $105 per square metre
3m
8m
b the ceiling and wall area to be painted if the

room contains four windows, each 2.5 m by
1.5 m, and a doorway 2 m by 0.8 m.
4
10 10A
10 m
Calculate the surface area of each prism.

a
10 cm
See Example 2
13 mm
8.4 cm
15 mm
3m
8 cm
20 cm
6m
10 mm
15 cm
10 m
2m
24 mm
12 cm
14 mm
48 mm
x
10 cm
5 cm
9 cm
12 cm
18 cm
50 mm
9 cm
8 cm
This swimming pool is 7.6 m long and

4.3 m wide. The depth of the water
ranges from 1.3 m to 2.2 m. Calculate,
correct to two decimal places:
a the area of the floor of the pool
b the total surface area of the pool.
7.6 m
1.3 m
4.3 m
2.2 m
Worksheet
4-02 Surface area of a cylinder
Surface area
MAT10MGWK10016
Surface area area of two circles area of rectangle

2
2 3 pr 2pr 3 h
Puzzle sheet
Surface area
MAT10MGPS00009
circumference
= 2r
height, h
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Shutterstock.com/Sarah2
2pr 2prh
105
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Summary
Surface area of a cylinder
SA 2pr 2 2prh
where r radius of circular base and h perpendicular height
The area of the two circular ends 2pr 2 and the area of the curved surface 2prh.
Example
Find, correct to the nearest mm 2, the surface area of this cylinder.
15 mm
40 mm
Solution
Surface area 2pr2 2prh
2 3 p 3 152 2 3 p 3 15 3 40
r 15, h 40
5183:627 . . .
5184 mm2
Example
Find, correct to two significant figures, the surface area of:

a a cylindrical tube, open at both ends, with radius 3 cm and length 55 cm
b an open half-cylinder with radius 0.5 m and height 3 m.
Solution
a
3 cm
55 cm
circumference
55 cm
curved surface
Surface area curved surface

2prh
2 3 p 3 3 3 55
r 3 and h 55
1036:725 . . .
1000 cm2
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1
b Surface area 2 semicircle ends 3 curved surface

2
1
1
2
3 p 3 0:5 32 3 p 3 0:5 3 3
23
2
2
10 10A
3m
0.5 m
5:49778 . . .
5:5 cm2
curved
surface
0.5 m
end
3m
Exercise 4-02
Surface area of a cylinder
Calculate, correct to two decimal places, the surface area of a cylinder with:
a radius 3.4 m, height 6 m
b diameter 35 mm, height 15 mm
c diameter 6.2 cm, height 7.5 cm d radius 0.8 m, height 2.35 m
Find, correct to the nearest whole number, the curved surface area of a cylinder with:
a radius 1.5 m, height 3.75 m
b diameter 27 cm, height 41 cm
Calculate the surface area of each solid, correct to the nearest square metre. All lengths shown
are in metres.
b closed cylinder
c cylinder with one open end
a closed cylinder
7.2
See Example 3
See Example 4
0.37
25
15.1
1.5
15
d closed half cylinder
e half cylinder with

open top
f half cylinder with open top,

one end open
1.5
1.2
2.85
16.2
5.75
29.3
g cylinder open
both ends
h half cylinder, open

both ends
6.75
4.5
4.5
30
12
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Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
A swimming pool is in the shape of a cylinder

1.4 m deep and 5 m in diameter. The inside of
the pool is to be repainted, including the floor.
a Find the area to be repainted, correct to one
decimal place.
b Find the number of whole litres of paint
needed if coverage is 9 m 2 per litre.
1.4 m
5m
Which tent has the greater surface area?

2.24 m
1.5 m
2m
3m
2m
3m
(Note: the floor is included for both tents)

Technology worksheet
Excel worksheet:
Volume calculator
Technology Surface areas and volumes of

solids
MAT10MGCT00006
Excel spreadsheet:
Volume calculator
In this activity, we will use Google Sketchup to construct and measure solid shapes.
1 Use the arc tool and the line tool to create a semicircle.
MAT10MGCT00036
Excel worksheet:
Volume of a box
2 To make a solid, select Push/Pull.
MAT10MGCT00007
Excel spreadsheet:
Volume of a box
MAT10MGCT00037
3 Use the Orbit tool to reorientate your solid.

4 Use the Dimension tool to obtain the dimensions of your half-cylinder. Calculate its surface
area and volume.
5 Draw a rectangular prism using the Rectangle tool and the Push/Pull tool.
6 The Push/Pull tool can be used to cut away parts of a solid. Use the Rectangle tool to
create rectangles on the top of the prism. Then use the Push/Pull tool to remove it.
An example is shown below.
108
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10 10A
7 Start with a rectangular prism and cut out

2 rectangles to create a seat. Click
Window and Materials to change the
appearance of the seat.
8 Draw each solid shown below and find its surface area and volume.
a swimming pool
b a bin
c a bench
4-03 Surface area of a pyramid

A pyramid is a solid shape with a polygon for its base and triangular faces that meet at a point or
vertex called its apex. Like a prism, a pyramid is named by the shape of its base.
Stage 5.3
Measuring pyramids
MAT10MGCT10002
Drawing pyramids and
cones
Square pyramid
Triangular pyramid
Rectangular pyramid
MAT10MGCT10006
A cone is a solid shape with a circular base and a curved surface that also has an apex. However,
a cone is not a pyramid because its base is not a polygon (a circle does not have straight sides).
The slant height of a pyramid or cone is the height from its apex to the base, along a side face.
It is different from the perpendicular height of a pyramid or cone, which is the perpendicular
distance from the apex to the base.
The surface area of a pyramid is calculated by adding the area of the base and the areas of the
triangular faces.
apex
slant height
perpendicular
height
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Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Stage 5.3
Video tutorial
Surface area of
a pyramid
Example
Find the surface area of each square pyramid.

a
This pyramid has a

perpendicular height of 20 cm
b
20 cm
20 cm
MAT10MGVT10008
14 cm
14 cm
30 cm
This pyramid has a slant height
of 20 cm
Solution
a Surface area area of square base area of 4 triangular faces
1
14 3 14 4 3 3 14 3 20
2
756 cm2
b First find the slant height, s, using Pythagoras
theorem.
s2 202 152
625
p
AP 625
BC 1 3 30
2
20 cm
s
Y
25 cm
1
Surface area 30 3 30 4 3 3 30 3 25
2
2400 cm2
Example
B
W
30 cm
A rectangular pyramid with a base measuring 10 cm by 8 cm has a perpendicular height of 15 cm.

Find its surface area correct to one decimal place.
Solution
First find the slant heights AP and AQ.

AP2 AO2 OP2
152 42
241
OP 1 3 8
2
15 cm
E
D
Q
8 cm
O
C
110
P
10 cm
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for the A
AP
10 10A
p
241 cm
Stage 5.3
AQ AO OQ
OQ 1 3 10
2
152 52
250
p
AQ 250 cm
It is better to leave the lengths

of AP and AQ in surd form
rather than round them to
decimals so that the final
answer is accurate.
Surface area area of rectangle base 2 3 Area 4ABC 2 3 Area 4ADC

p
p
1
1
10 3 8 2 3 3 10 3 241 2 3 3 8 3 250
2
2
p
p
80 10 241 8 250
361:7328:::
361:7 cm2
Exercise 4-03
Find the surface area of each pyramid. Write the answer to part c correct to one decimal place.
a
b
15 mm
13 mm
24
25 m
10 mm
20 cm
4 cm
18 mm
5m
8 cm
Calculate, correct to one decimal place, the surface area of each pyramid.
8m
a
5m
See Example 5
c
cm
Surface area of a pyramid
See Example 6
c
25 cm
16 mm
24 mm
60 mm
16 cm
8 cm
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Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Stage 5.3
Calculate, correct to the nearest square centimetre, the surface area of each pyramid. All
measurements are in centimetres.
a
16
37
20
24
25
40
32
16
Find the area of each net and hence the surface area of the corresponding pyramid. All
measurements are in centimetres. Write the answer to part c correct to the nearest whole
number.
a
10
c
28.3
12
12
36
24
20
The great pyramid of Khufu (or Cheops) in Egypt has a height of 147 m, and each side of its
square base measures 230 m. Find its surface area (excluding the base), correct to the nearest
square metre.
Calculate, correct to one decimal place, the surface area of each pyramid.
a
c
5 cm
24 mm
20 m
25 mm
12 cm
9 cm
36 mm
7 mm
10 m
12 m
A square pyramid has a surface area of 4704 m 2 and a base area of 1764 m 2. Find:
a the length of its base
b the area of each triangular face
c the slant height of each triangular face
d the perpendicular height of the pyramid
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Just for the record
10 10A
The Platonic solids
The cube is an example of a regular polyhedron or Platonic solid because it has six identical
faces. The more formal name for a cube is regular hexahedron, hex meaning six. There are
only six possible regular polyhedrons: the other five are shown below. Each face on a regular
polyhedron is a regular polygon.
Regular tetrahedron
4 faces
Regular octahedron Regular dodecahedron Regular icosahedron

8 faces
12 faces
20 faces
The tetrahedron, cube and octahedron occur in nature in the form of certain crystals.
What are the shapes of the faces on each Platonic solid shown?
Investigation: The surface area of a cone
Stage 5.3
The net of a cone is made up of a circle (for the base) and a sector of a circle (for the
curved surface). The second diagram below shows the curved surface of a cone.
O
A
O l
sector
l
cone
AB
Base radius r
circumference, AB,
of base = 2r
arc AB = 2r
Net of the curved surface of

the cone
We can use this fact to find a formula for the surface area of a cone. Suppose the cone has
a base radius of r and a slant height of l.
Looking at the second diagram, the major arc length AB is a fraction of the circumference
of the circle and the area of the sector is a fraction of the area of the circle. They should be
the same fraction, so:
Arc length
Area of sector
Circumference Area of circle
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Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Stage 5.3
1 The major arc length AB is equal to the circumference of the base of the cone in the first
diagram. Write an algebraic expression for the circumference of the circle in the first
diagram.
2 Write an algebraic expression for the circumference of the complete circle in the second
diagram.
3 Write an algebraic expression for the area of the complete circle in the second diagram.
Arc length
Area of sector becomes 2pr Area of 2sector
4
Circumference Area of circle
2pl
pl
Complete:
) Area of sector
2pr
3 pl 2
2pl
5 But the area of the sector is equal to the curved surface area of the cone.
Complete the formula for the surface area of a cone.
Surface area area of curved surface area of circular base
4-04 Surface areas of cones and spheres

cones
MAT10MGCT10006
Surface area of a cone

Summary
SA area of curved surface area of circular base
prl pr2
where l slant height and r radius of the base
l
h
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Example
10 10A
Stage 5.3
For this cone, find correct to one decimal place:

a the curved surface area
18 cm
b the total surface area
9 cm
Solution
r 9 cm and l 18 cm
a Curved surface area prl
p 3 9 3 18
508:9380 . . .
508:9 cm
Example
b Total surface area prl pr2

p 3 9 3 18 p 3 92
763:4070 . . .
763:4 cm2
Video tutorial
and sphere
Find, correct to two decimal places, the

surface area of this cone.
MAT10MGVT10009
Video tutorial
10.4 cm
Area and volume

MAT10MGVT00004
7.8 cm
Solution
First calculate the slant height, l:
l 2 7:82 10:42
169
p
l 169
13
Surface area prl pr2
p 3 7:8 3 13 p 3 7:82
509:6919 . . .
509:69 cm2
Surface area of a sphere

A sphere is a ball shape, a solid that is completely round. All points on its surface lie the same
distance (radius) from its centre. A hemisphere is half a sphere.
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Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Stage 5.3
Summary
Surface area of a sphere
SA 4pr 2
r
where r radius of the sphere

Note that the surface area of a sphere is four times the area of the circle that slices through the
centre of a sphere.
Video tutorial
and sphere
MAT10MGVT10009
Example
Find, correct to two decimal places, the surface area

of this sphere.
17 cm
Solution
Surface area 4pr2
4 3 p 3 172
3631:6811 . . .
3631:7 cm2
Example
10
Find the surface area of this hemisphere in exact form,

in terms of p.
5m
Solution
Surface area Area of circular base curved surface area
1
pr2 3 4pr2
2
pr2 2pr2
3pr2
3 3 p 3 52
75p m2
116
Answers written as surds or in

terms of p are exact because
they are not decimal
approximations.
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Exercise 4-04
10 10A
Stage 5.3
Surface areas of cones and spheres
1 Calculate, correct to the nearest cm 2, the curved surface area of each cone. All measurements
are in centimetres.
a
See Example 7
44
20
8
35
4
10
2 Find, correct to one decimal place, the total surface area of each cone.
a
7 cm
20 mm
8m
5 mm
14 cm
4m
3 Calculate in exact form (in terms of p) the total surface area of each cone.
a
5m
See Example 8
c
24 mm
14 mm
12 m
40 cm
18 cm
4 Calculate, correct to two decimal places, the surface area of each sphere.
a
See Example 9
15 mm
11 m
10.8 cm
5 Find in exact form the surface area of each hemisphere.

a
24 m
c
8 cm
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See Example 10
16 mm
117
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Stage 5.3
6 Find, correct to the nearest square metre, the surface area of each solid.
a a sphere with diameter 10 m
b an open cone with base radius 10 m, slant height 20 m
c an open hemisphere with radius 10 m
d a cone with base diameter 10 m, perpendicular height 20 m
7 The Earth has a radius of approximately 6400 km. Calculate the surface area of the Earth in
scientific notation, correct to two significant figures.
8 Find the amount of sheet metal needed to form a conical funnel of base radius 30 cm and
vertical height 50 cm, allowing for a 0.5 cm overlap at the join.
9 The curved surface of a cone is made from a sector of a circle with radius
8 cm and central angle 216. Find, correct to two decimal places:
a the length of the arc of the circle that forms the
circumference of the cones base
b the radius of the cones base
8 cm
216
c the slant height of the cone

d the total surface area of the cone, including the base
10 Find the radius of each solid if it has a surface area of 6000 mm 2. Give your answer correct to
three significant figures.
a a sphere
b a closed hemisphere
c an open hemisphere
11 A cone has a surface area of 2000 cm 2. If the area of its base is 150 cm 2, find, correct to two
decimal places:
a the radius of its base
Mental skills 4
b its slant height
c its perpendicular height
Maths without calculators
Estimating answers
A quick way of estimating an answer is to round each number in the calculation.
1
Study each example.

a 55 132 34 17 78 60 130 30 20 80
60 20 80 130 30
0 100
100 Actual answer 92
b 78 3 7 80 3 7
560 Actual answer 546
c 510 4 24 500 4 20
50 4 2
25
118
Actual answer 21:25
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for the A
10 10A
Now estimate each answer.

a
c
e
g
i
k
27 11 87 142 64
684 903
517 96
766 353
83 3 81
828 4 3
b
d
f
h
j
l
55 34 22 46 136
35 81 110 22 7
210 38 71 151 49
367 3 2
984 3 16
507 4 7
Study each example involving decimals.

a 20:91 11:3 2:5 21 11 3
13 Exact answer 12:11
b 4:78 3 19:2 5 3 20
c
100 Exact answer 91:776

37:6 9:3
38 9

41:2 12:7 40 13
47
27
50

30
1:6 Exact answer 1:645 . . .
Now estimate each answer.

a 3.75 9.381 4.6 10.5
c 18.47 3 9.61
e 11:07 18:4
12:2
g 54.75 18.6 14.4
b 14.807 6.6 7.22

d 4.27 3 97.6
38:18
f
17:2 9:6
h 18:46 3 4:9
39:72 15:2
j (4.89) 2
i 62.13 4 10.7
4-05 Surface area of composite solids
Worksheet
A page of prisms and
cylinders
MAT10MGWK10017
Example
11
Worksheet
A page of solid shapes
Find, correct to one decimal place, the surface area of each solid. All measurements are in
centimetres.
12
20
10
15
25
20
36
16
9780170194662
MAT10MGWK10205
56
15
40
119
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Solution
a This prism has 8 faces: 2 identical L-shapes
(front and back) and 6 different rectangles.
Area of L-shape 16 3 20 10 3 12
12
10
20
200 cm2
15
16
Surface area Front and back L-faces 1st top 1st right 2nd top
2nd right bottom left
2 3 200 6 3 15 12 3 15
10 3 15 8 3 15 16 3 15
20 3 15
1480 cm2
Length of long rectangle

perimeter of L
6 12 10 8 16 20
72
Note that the six rectangles can also be thought

of as one long rectangle of width 15 cm:
Surface area 2 3 200 72 3 15
1480 cm2
b This solid is made up of a half-cylinder
(3 faces) and a rectangular prism (5 faces).
Radius of semicircle
1
3 56 28
2
Surface area of half-cylinder 2 semi-circular ends curved surface area

1
1
2 3 3 p 3 282 3 2 3 p 3 28 3 40
2
2
5981:5924 . . . cm2
Do not round this partial
answer, else the final answer
will be inaccurate.
Surface area of rectangular prism Front and back faces 2 side faces bottom face
2 3 40 3 25 2 3 56 3 25 40 3 56
7040 cm2
Total surface area 5981:5924 . . . 7040
13 021:5924 . . .
13 021:6 cm2
c The hollow cylinder is made up of 2 annulus (ring) faces, an
outside curved surface area and an inside curved surface area.
Surface area of annulus faces 2 3 p 3 202 p 3 152 2 3 area between two circles
1099:5574 . . .
Outside curved surface area 2 3 p 3 20 3 36
4523:8934 . . .
Inside curved surface area 2 3 p 3 15 3 36
3392:9200 . . .
Total surface area 1099:5574 . . . 4523:8934 . . . 3392:9200 . . .
9016:3708 . . .
9016:4 cm2
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for the A
Example
10 10A
Stage 5.3
12
Find, correct to the nearest square centimetre, the surface area of each solid. All
measurements are in centimetres.
a
50
60
50
11
Solution
a Surface area curved surface area of cone
curved surface area of hemisphere
1
prl 3 4pr2
2
r 11, h 60 and l ?
l 2 112 602
3721
p
l 3721
61 cm
Surface area p 3 11 3 61
1
3 4 3 p 3 112
2
2868:2740 . . .
2868 cm2
b Surface area curved surface of cylinder circular base
curved surface of hemisphere
1
2prh pr2 3 4pr2
2
2prh 3pr2
2 3 p 3 25 3 50 3 3 p 3 252
13 744:4678 . . .
pr 2 2pr 2 3pr 2
r 1 3 50 25
2
13 744 cm2
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Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Exercise 4-05
See Example 11
Surface areas of composite solids
Find the surface area of each prism. All measurements are in centimetres.
3.3
9.4
50
12
6
10.2
2.7
53
67
12
8.5
125
96
12
Circular cracker biscuits of diameter 4 cm are packed in a cardboard box of length 20 cm.
C
R
I
S
P
I
E
S
4 cm
20 cm
a Calculate the surface area of the box.

b How much cardboard would be saved if the biscuits were packed into a cylindrical box?
3
centimetres.
a
c
17
25
15
30
48
14
40
38
65
20
16
f
35
10
15
10
21.2
28
30
a Find, correct to two decimal places, the total

external wall area of this above-ground
swimming pool.
b Calculate the area of the water surface, correct
to the nearest m 2.
3m
1.5 m
4m
122
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for the A
A wedding cake with three tiers rests on a table. Each tier is

6 cm high. The layers have radii of 20 cm, 15 cm and 10 cm
respectively. Find the total visible surface area, correct to the
nearest cm 2.
10
10 10A
Shutterstock.com/John Wollwerth
15
6
20
6
A wedge of cheese is cut from a cylindrical block

of height 10 cm and diameter 40 cm. Find the
total surface area of the wedge, correct to two
decimal places.
60
wedge
40 c
m
60
10 cm
centimetres.
a
Stage 5.3
See Example 12
12
12
8
8
24
12
15
10
10
10
25
6
40
9780170194662
10
123
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Stage 5.3
24
6
5
19
14
12
10
30
12
18
44
20
24
60
24
24
18
30
o
5
45
6
24
8
10
Worksheet
A page of prisms and
cylinders
4-06 Volumes of prisms and cylinders
MAT10MGWK10017
Puzzle sheet
Formula matching
game
MAT10MGPS10018
The volume of a solid is the amount of space it occupies. Volume is measured in cubic units, for
example, cubic metres (m 3) or cubic centimetres (cm 3).
Summary
Worksheet
Volumes of solids
MAT10MGWK10020
Worksheet
Back-to-front problems
Volume of a prism
V Ah
where A area of base and
h perpendicular height
MAT10MGWK10021
Worksheet
Volume and capacity
MAT10MGWK10022
Volume of a cylinder
V pr 2h
where r radius of circular base and h perpendicular height
Animated example
Volumes of shapes
MAT10MGAE00004
124
9780170194662
for the A
10 10A
The capacity of a container is the amount of fluid (liquid or gas) it holds, measured in millilitres
(mL), litres (L), kilolitres (kL) and megalitres (ML).
Worksheet
Biggest volume
MAT10MGWK10019
Summary
1 cm 3 contains 1 mL.
1 m 3 contains 1000 L or 1 kL.
1 mL
1 m3 = 1 kL
1 000 000 =
1 cm3
Example
13
128 cm
For this cylinder, calculate:

a its volume, correct to the nearest cm 3
b its capacity in kL, correct to 1 decimal place.
241 cm
Solution
r 1 3 128 64
2
a V p 3 642 3 241
3 101 179:206 . . .
3 101 179 cm3
b Capacity 3 101 179 mL
3 101 179 4 1000 4 1000 kL
kL
3:101 179 kL
3:1 kL
Example
1 cm 3 1 mL
1000
1000
mL
14
Find, correct to the nearest whole number, the volume of each solid.
a
40 cm
c
26 cm
12 cm
15 cm
25 mm
40 mm
120
9 cm
y
60 cm
20 cm
20 cm
12 cm
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125
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Solution
a A 40 3 12 20 3 12
Area of T cross-section
720 cm
V Ah
720 3 15
10 800 cm3
b The cross-section is a triangle minus a circle.
Use Pythagoras theorem to find y.
4.5 26
26 2 y 2 10 2
4.5
y2 262 102
576
p
y 576
24 cm
10
1
Radius of circle 3 9 4:5
2
1
A 3 20 3 24 p 3 4:52
2
176:3827 . . . cm2
V Ah
176:3827 . . . 3 60
10
Area of triangle area of circle

Do not round this partial answer
10 582:9649 . . .
c
10 583 cm3
120
3 p 3 252
A
360
654:498 . . . mm2
V Ah
Area of sector
Do not round this partial answer
654:498 . . . 3 40
26 179:938 . . .
26 180 mm3
Exercise 4-06
See Example 13
Volumes of prisms and cylinders
Calculate, correct to one decimal place, the volume of each solid. All lengths are in metres.
a
2.4
1.8
3.0
25
48
3.7
0.8
4.5
2.5
f
5.2
4.2
20
10.1
6.4
126
32
4.5
3.6
9.2
7.9
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for the A
10 10A
7.7
2.8
3.5
5.5
2.4
3.5
7.2
11.3
12.8
5.6
Rice crackers of diameter 4 cm are packed in a

cardboard box of height 20 cm. Calculate, correct
to one decimal place:
4 cm
WAFERS
20 cm
a the volume of the crackers in the box

b the volume of the box
c the percentage of the box that is empty space.
This swimming pool is 25 m long and

10 m wide. The depth of the water
ranges from 1 m to 3 m. Calculate
the capacity of this pool in kilolitres.
25 m
1m
10 m
3m
A wedding cake with three tiers rests on a table. Each

tier is 6 cm high. The layers have radii of 20 cm, 15 cm
and 10 cm respectively. Find the total volume of the
cake, correct to the nearest cm 3.
10
Shutterstock.com/John Wollwerth
15
6
20
6
A fish tank that is 60 cm long, 30 cm wide and 40 cm high is filled with water to 5 cm below
the top. Calculate the volume of the water in litres.
Find, correct to two decimal places, the volume of each solid. All lengths shown are in centimetres.
See Example 14
10
10
8
48
12
16
40
20
radius of circle = 4 cm
50
15
5
5
35
10
45
5
12
10
15
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Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
14
11.3
i
8.3
10
7.2
19.6
25
6.4
4.8
3.2
3.6
12.7
100
8
60
15
25
14
36
a Find, correct to two decimal places, the volume of

this greenhouse.
b If this greenhouse costs 0.5c per m 3 per hour to heat,
how much is this per day, correct to the nearest cent?
Stage 5.3
3m
4m
10 m
Technology Approximating the volume of

a pyramid
In this activity, we will use a spreadsheet to
approximate the volume of a rectangular
pyramid by slicing it into tiny layers of
rectangular prisms of equal thickness.
10
6
8
Let L 8 be the length of the prism, W 6 be the width and H 10 be the height.
H
).
The thickness, T, of each layer is given by the formula T
number of layers
Starting at the bottom, the length and width of each layer are decreased by the amounts
L
W
and
with each step.
number of layers
number of layers
1 Set up your spreadsheet as shown.
A
1
2
128
Number of
layers
W
4
5
..
.
13
10
8
B4-$B$4/$D$2
6
C4-$C$4/$D$2
Thickness of
layers
$A$4/$D$2
Volume of
layer
B4*C4*D4
Sum of
volumes
E4
E5F4
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for the A
10 10A
2 Let the number of layers be 10. Enter 10 in cell D2.
Stage 5.3
3 Copy each formula down to row 13.

4 Explain the results in cells E13 and F13.
5 How accurate was your result in F13? Explain.
6 Print out your spreadsheet and paste it into your book.
7 Enter 40 (layers) in cell D2 and copy each formula down to row 43.
8 In one or two sentences compare your result in F43 with the previous result in F13 from
question 4.
9 Enter each value in cell D2 and copy down the formulas as requested.
a 100 (copy down to row 103)
c 400 (copy down to row 403)
b 200 (copy down to row 203)
10 Use the formula V 1 Ah to calculate the exact volume of the pyramid.

3
11 Write a brief report about your results in questions 9 and 10.
Volumes of pyramids, cones and

4-07 spheres
cones
MAT10MGCT10006
Volume of a pyramid
Measuring pyramids
MAT10MGCT10002
Summary
Worksheet
Back-to-front problems
(Advanced)
Volume of a pyramid
1
V Ah
3
MAT10MGWK10206
where A area of the base and h perpendicular height.
Example
15
Find the volume of each pyramid.

a
b
10 m
36 mm
27 mm
32 mm
14 m
8m
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Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Stage 5.3
Solution
1
3 8 3 14
2
56
1
V Ah
3
1
3 56 3 10
3
2
186 m3
3
a A 27 3 32
864
b A
1
V Ah
3
1
3 864 3 36
3
10 368 mm3
Example
16
Find the volume of a square pyramid with base length 48 mm and slant height 51 mm.
Solution
First find h, the perpendicular height of the pyramid.
h2 512 242
51 mm
2025
p
h 2025
45 mm
48 mm
A 48 3 48
2304
1
3 2304 3 45
3
34 560 mm3
Approximating the
volume of a cone
Volume of a cone
A cone is like a circular pyramid so:
1
1
1
V Ah 3 pr2 3 h pr2 h
3
3
3
MAT10MGCT10003
Summary
Video tutorial
Area and volume
MAT10MGVT00004
Volume of a cone
1
V pr2 h
3
where r radius of the base and h perpendicular height.

r
130
9780170194662
for the A
Example
10 10A
Stage 5.3
17
Find, correct to the nearest cubic millimetre, the

volume of this cone.
28 mm
Solution
25 mm
1
V pr2 h
3
1
3 p 3 12:52 3 28
3
4581:4892 . . .
4581 mm3
Example
18
A cone has a base radius of 14 cm and a slant height of 50 cm. Find its volume, correct to two
significant figures.
Solution
First find the height, h.
h2 502 142
2304
p
h 2304
50 cm
h
48 cm
1
3 p 3 142 3 48
3
9852:0345 . . .
14 cm
9900 cm3
Volume of a sphere
Summary
Volume of a sphere
4
V pr3
3
where r radius of the sphere.
9780170194662
131
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Stage 5.3
Example
19
Find, correct to two significant figures, the volume of each solid.

a
b
1.3
18 cm
Solution
4
a V pr3
3
4
3 p 3 93
3
3053:6280 . . .
1
4
3 pr3
2
3
2 3
pr
3
2
3 p 3 1:33
3
4:6013 . . .
b V
r
1
3 18 9
2
3100 cm3
4:6 m3
Exercise 4-07
See Example 15
Volumes of pyramids, cones and

spheres
1 Find the volume of each pyramid.

a
9 cm
12 cm
5 cm
6 cm
10 cm
10 cm
8 cm
8 cm
f
15 cm
6m
8m
14 m
12 cm
8m
20 cm
18 m
132
5m
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for the A
2 For each pyramid, find correct to one decimal place:

i its perpendicular height
10 10A
Stage 5.3
ii its volume
See Example 16
c
25 mm
h
15 cm
41 m
18 m
14
18 cm
e
68 mm
61 mm
60 m
18 cm
25 mm
50 m
14
mm
160 cm
126 cm
8.5 m 8.5 m
116 cm
11 mm
3.6 m
3.6 m
11 mm
32 mm 32 mm
3.6 m
3.6 m
105 cm
3 Find, correct to the nearest whole number, the volume of each cone.
a
See Example 17
c
10 cm
17 mm
9m
20 mm
12 cm
4m
10 cm
7 cm
30 mm
12 cm
15 cm
18 mm
4 For each cone, find correct to one decimal place:

i its perpendicular height
a
See Example 18
ii its volume
b
4.4 m
7 cm
10 cm
8 cm
4.5 m
3 cm
0.8 m
f
68 m
3.6 m
83 cm
247 m
83 cm
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Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Stage 5.3
See Example 19
5 For each solid, find correct to the nearest whole number:

i its volume
a
ii its capacity
b
15 mm
10.8 cm
11 m
24 m
8 cm
16 mm
6 The Earth has a radius of approximately 6400 km. Calculate its volume in scientific notation
correct to two significant figures.
4.5 m
7 A grain hopper is in the shape of a square pyramid.

4.5 m
a Find the volume of grain that it holds when full.
b If there are 750 kg of wheat per m 3, find the mass of
grain in the hopper when it is filled to three-quarters of 5 m
capacity. Give your answer correct to the nearest tonne.
8 A pyramid has a volume of 360 m 3 and a base area of 48 m 2.
Calculate its perpendicular height.
9 A square pyramid has a volume of 800 cm 3 and a perpendicular height of 12 cm. Calculate,
correct to one decimal place, the length of its base.
10 A cone has a volume of 600 m 3 and a base radius of 10 m. Calculate, correct to one decimal
place, its perpendicular height.
11 A cone has a volume of 160 cm 3 and a perpendicular height of 20 cm. Calculate, correct to
one decimal place, its radius.
12 Calculate, correct to one decimal place, the radius of a sphere with a volume of 81 585 mm 3.
4-08 Volumes of composite solids

Worksheet
A page of solid shapes
Summary
MAT10MGWK10205
Worksheet
Prism
V Ah
Volume and capacity
Cylinder
SA 2pr 2 2prh
V pr 2h
r
h
MAT10MGPS00046
Pyramid
1
V Ah
3
h
A
134
Cone
SA prl pr 2
V 1 pr2 h
3
h
r
Sphere
SA 4pr 2
V 4 pr3
3
9780170194662
for the A
10 10A
Note that the formulas for surface area involve two dimensions, for example, r 2 or rh, while the
formulas for volume involve three dimensions, for example, lwh, r 2h or r 3.
Example
Stage 5.3
20
a Find, correct to the nearest cubic centimetre, the volume of this solid.
b Find, correct to the nearest litre, the capacity of this solid.
20 cm
35 cm
Solution
a Volume volume of cylinder volume of hemisphere
1
4
pr2 h 3 pr3
2
3
2
pr2 h pr3
3
2
p 3 102 3 35 3 p 3 103
3
13 089:9693 . . .
r 1 3 20 10
2
13 090 cm3
b Capacity 13 090 mL
13:09 L
13 L
Exercise 4-08
1
Volumes of composite solids
The storage tank shown is completely filled with water.
2m
See Example 20
a Calculate, correct to the nearest cubic metre, the volume of

the tank.
4m
b Find the capacity of the tank, correct to the nearest kilolitre.

4m
Find the volume of each solid. All measurements are in centimetres.

a
10
12
12
4
10
12
7
7
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Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Stage 5.3
25
f
15
10
21
20
12
30
20
18
15
24
For each solid, find:

i the volume (to the nearest cm 3)
ii the capacity (in litres, correct to three decimal places).
All measurements are in centimetres.

a
15
24
14
20
5
12
40
A conical tank (A) and a hemispherical tank (B) have measurements as shown. How much
more does tank B hold compared to tank A? Answer correct to two decimal places.
A
3m
3m
3m
3m
Spherical balls of diameter 10 cm are stacked inside a box in

the shape of a rectangular prism, as shown.
a How many balls will fit in the bottom layer?
50 cm
b If the balls are stacked in the same manner as in the bottom
layer until the box is full, how many balls will fit in the box?
c Calculate, correct to the nearest cubic centimetre, the volume
of the space occupied by the balls when the box is full.
d What percentage of the box is empty space? Give your answer
correct to the nearest whole percentage.
136
30 cm
40 cm
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for the A
10 10A
The sand in this hourglass takes up three-quarters of the

volume of the bottom cone.
Stage 5.3
a Calculate, correct to the nearest cubic centimetre, the volume

of sand in the hourglass.
b If the sand takes one hour to fall from the top cone to the
bottom cone, at what rate is it falling? Give your answer in
cm 3/s, correct to two significant figures.
50 cm
20 cm
a Calculate the volume of this swimming pool.

b Calculate the capacity of the pool if it is
filled to a depth of 20 cm from the top.
20 m
1m
c If water costs $1.98/kL, find the cost of

filling the pool.
10 m
2m
10 m
4-09 Areas of similar figures
Excel worksheet: Area

of similar shapes
MAT10MGCT00013
Summary
Areas of similar figures
Excel spreadsheet:
Area of similar shapes
If the matching sides of two similar figures are in the ratio 1 : k, then their areas are in the
ratio 1 : k 2.
If the matching sides are in the ratio m : n, then their areas are in the ratio m 2 : n 2.
A1 : A2 m2 : n2
Example
or
MAT10MGCT00043
A1 m 2
A2 n2
21
What is the ratio of the areas of the similar rectangles shown?
35 mm
Solution
Ratio of matching sides A to B 35 : 14
5:2
Ratio of areas 52 : 22
25 : 4
9780170194662
20 mm
14 mm
B
8 mm
137
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Stage 5.3
Example
22
Two similar pentagons have areas in the ratio 144 : 169. Find the ratio of the lengths of their
matching sides.
Solution
Ratio of areas m 2 : n 2 144 : 169
p p
) Ratio of sides m : n 144 : 169 12 : 13
Example
23
Two similar triangles have matching sides in the ratio 3 : 5. If the area of the larger triangle is
225 cm 2, find the area of the smaller triangle.
Solution
Let the area of the smaller figure be A.
Ratio of matching sides 3 : 5
Ratio of areas 3 2 : 5 2 9 : 25
)
225 cm2
A
9
225 25
9
3 225
A
25
81 cm2
The area of the smaller triangle is 81 cm 2.
Exercise 4-09
See Example 21
Areas of similar figures
1 For each pair of similar figures, find the ratio of their areas.
a
3 cm
1 cm
1.5 m
2.5 m
d
9 cm
138
5 cm
4 cm
6 cm
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for the A
10 10A
2 For each ratio of the areas of two similar figures, find the ratio of the lengths of their matching
sides.
a 9 : 25
b 1 : 100
c 64 : 25
d 16 : 81
Stage 5.3
See Example 22
3 Find x if these triangles are similar.

a
x cm
7 cm
See Example 23
b
12
x
Area = 3 cm2
A1 = 144
Area = 12 cm2
A2 = 324
7.8
5.2
A=x
2.8
A1 = 108
A = 3 0.8
A2 = x
4 Two circles have radii in the ratio 3 : 5. If the larger area is 150 cm 2, find the area of the
smaller circle.
5 Similar squares have sides in the ratio 7 : 4. If the area of the smaller square is 14.4 cm 2, find
the area of the larger square.
6 Two similar triangles have areas in the ratio 4 : 9. If the length of the base of the smaller
triangle is 5 cm, find the length of the base of the larger triangle.
7 Two similar rectangles have their areas in the ratio 36 : 121. If the width of the smaller
rectangle is 84 cm, find the width of the larger rectangle.
8 If the radius of a circle is doubled, how has its area changed?
9 If the area of a square is divided by 9, how have the sides changed?
10 If the sides of a triangle are increased by 2.5, how has its area changed?
11 If the area of a trapezium is decreased by 1 , how have the sides changed?
100
Investigation: Surface areas and volumes of similar solids

1 a Calculate the volume of this rectangular prism.
2 cm
b Calculate the surface area of the rectangular prism.
c If the length, width and height are all doubled, what
6 cm
happens to:
8 cm
i the volume?
ii the surface area?
d Copy and complete:
If the length, width and height are all doubled, the volume is increased ______ times and
the surface area is increased ______ times.
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Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Stage 5.3
2 a
b
c
d
Explain why these rectangular prisms are similar solids.

2 cm
What is the ratio of their matching sides?
What is the ratio of their surface areas?
3 cm
What is the ratio of their volumes?
1 cm
4 cm
6 cm
2 cm
A
3 For the spheres A and B, find the ratio of:

a their radii
b their surface areas
c their volumes
9 cm
B
3 cm
4 How is the ratio of the surface areas of similar solids related to the ratio of matching
sides?
5 How is the ratio of the volumes of similar solids related to the ratio of their matching
sides?
NSW
Surface areas and volumes of similar

4-10 solids
Worksheet
Areas and volumes of
similar figures
Summary
MAT10MGWK10207
Surface areas and volumes of similar solids

If the matching sides of two similar solids are in the ratio 1 : k, then their surface areas are in
the ratio 1 : k 2 and their volumes are in the ratio 1 : k 3.
If the matching sides are in the ratio m : n, then their surface areas are in the ratio m 2 : n 2
and their volumes are in the ratio m 3 : n 3.
SA1 m2
V 1 m3
2 and
SA2 n
V2 n3
140
9780170194662
for the A
Example
10 10A
Stage 5.3
24
For these two similar triangular prisms, find the ratio of their:
a surface areas
b volumes
Y
X
2.4 cm
3 cm
2.2 cm
4.5 cm
3.6 cm
3.3 cm
Solution
a Ratio of sides X to Y 3 : 4:5 or 2:2 : 3:3 or 2:4 : 3:6
6:9
2:3
Ratio of surface areas 22 : 32
4:9
b Ratio of volumes 23 : 33
8 : 27
Example
25
Two similar cylinders have their surface areas in the ratio 25 : 36. If the volume of the smaller
cylinder is 250 cm 3, find the volume of the larger solid.
Solution
Ratio of surface areas 25 : 36
p p
) Ratio of matching sides 25 : 36
5:6
) Ratio of volumes 53 : 63
125 : 216
Let the volume of the larger cylinder be V.
V
216
250 125
216
3 250
V
125
432
[ The volume of the larger cylinder is 432 cm 3.
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141
Chapter 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Stage 5.3
See Example 24
Exercise 4-10
1
Surface areas and volumes of similar

solids
For each pair of similar solids, find the ratio of:

i the smaller surface area to the larger surface area
ii the smaller volume to the larger volume
a
b
3.6 m
3 cm
2.4 m
5 cm
d
22.5 m
9
12 cm
15 cm
See Example 25
Two similar pyramids have surface areas of 81 cm 2 and 100 cm 2. Find the ratio of their:
a matching side lengths
Two similar prisms have volumes of 125 cm 3 and 343 cm 3. Find the ratio of their:
a matching sides
142
b volumes.
b surface areas.
Blocks of chocolate are sold in the shape of similar triangular prisms. The areas of the
triangular faces of two prisms are 6400 mm 2 and 1600 mm 2. If the volume of the smaller
prism is 9600 mm 3, find the volume of the larger prism.
There are two similar cylindrical drink cans. The larger can is 15 cm high and contains 350 mL
of drink. If the smaller can is 9 cm high, how much drink does it contain?
A box of washing powder is 12 cm tall and contains 750 g of washing powder. A similar box is
18 cm tall. How much washing powder does it contain?
A large fish tank has a capacity of 624 L. A smaller, similar fish tank has half the length, width
and depth of the large tank. Find the capacity of the smaller tank.
A cylinder has its height and radius increased 1.5 times. By what factor has its:
a surface area increased?
b volume increased?
A spherical balloon has a radius of 8 cm. By what factor is the volume decreased if the radius
changes to 6 cm?
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for the A
10 10A
Power plus
1
2
A square prism and square pyramid have the same base and the same surface area. Show
5
that the slant height, l, of the pyramid is l s where s is the length of the base.
2
A cylinder withr
diameter
and height 2r has the same surface area as a sphere of radius R.
Show that R 3 r.
2
2r
2r
A sphere and a cone have the same radius and volume. Show that the cones height, h, is
four times the radius, r.
r
h
r
A sphere and a cone fit inside identical cylinders with the same base diameter and height.
2r
2r
2r
2r
a Find the ratio Volume of cone : Volume of sphere : Volume of cylinder

b Show that Volume of cone Volume of sphere Volume of cylinder
5
A cube is divided into six identical square pyramids as shown, each with a perpendicular
height that is half the length of the base edge. Show that the volume of each pyramid is
one-third the volume of a square prism with the same base edge and perpendicular
height.
s
2s
2s
2s
2s
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143
Chapter 4 review
n Language of maths
Puzzle sheet
Surface area and
volume crossword
(Advanced)
MAT10MGPS10208
apex
base
capacity
circle
cone
cross-section
cubic
curved surface
cylinder
diameter
hemisphere
kilolitre
litre
perpendicular height
pyramid
radius
ratio
sector
similar figures
similar solids
slant height
sphere
surface area
volume
1 Which word means a slice of a prism or cylinder?

2 Name three solids that have a curved surface area.
3 What is the formula for the curved surface area of a cone?
4 Explain the difference between the perpendicular height and the slant height of a pyramid.
5 What is the formula V 1 pr 2h used for?
3
6 Describe the relationship between the volumes of similar solids.
n Topic overview
Quiz
Area and volume
Copy and complete the table below.
MAT10MGQZ00004
The best part of this chapter was
The worst part was
New work
I need help with
144
9780170194662
Chapter 4 review
Copy and complete this mind map of the topic, adding detail to its branches and using
pictures, symbols and colour where needed. Ask your teacher to check your work.
Similar solids
ratio of areas
:
SURFACE
AREA
Composite
solids
Prisms
Cylinder
VOLUME
9780170194662
Cone
Sphere
Pyramids
Similar solids
ratio of volumes
:
145
Chapter 4 revision
See Exercise 4-01
1 Find the surface area of each prism.

a
0.5 m
0.4 m
50 cm
45 mm
0.8 m
48 cm
0.3 m
3.6 m
8m
4 mm
3m
5 mm
24 mm
6 cm
12 m
See Exercise 4-02
7 cm
15 mm
2 Calculate, correct to one decimal place, the surface area of each solid.
a
15
2.7
23
21
Cylinder,
open at
one end
35
5 cm 5 cm
20 cm
4.8
e
15 cm
25 cm
50 cm
30 cm
30 cm
50 cm
Stage 5.3
See Exercise 4-03
34 cm
18 cm
30 cm
3 Find the surface area of each pyramid.

a
36 cm
c
25 cm
22 cm
30 cm
16 cm
54 cm
14 cm
16 cm
146
9780170194662
Chapter 4 revision
4 Find, correct to the nearest square metre, the surface area of each solid. All measurements
are in metres.
a
Stage 5.3
See Exercise 4-04
11
40
20
60
48
open
closed
closed
17 m
6m
25 m
5 Find, correct to the nearest square centimetre, the surface area of each solid. All measurements
are in centimetres.
a
See Exercise 4-05
20
4
12
18
18
28
45
12
16
Stage 5.3
25
16
12
30
25
18
6 Calculate, correct to nearest cubic metre, the volume of each solid. All measurements are in
metres.
See Exercise 4-06
50
25
25
c
42
18
24
9780170194662
28
20
15
23
147
Chapter 4 revision
Stage 5.3
7 Find, correct to two decimal places (where necessary), the volume of each solid.
See Exercise 4-07
c
m
12 cm
25 m
8m
15 cm
11 m
18 cm
14
11 m
mm
14
mm
f
28 mm
20 cm
6m
50 mm
8 cm
See Exercise 4-08
8 Find, correct to the nearest whole number, the volume of each solid.
a
6 cm
c
80 mm
80 mm
8 cm
8 cm
45 mm
45 mm
8 cm
45 mm
45 mm
4.5 m
f
12 cm
4.5 m
18 cm
4.5 m
44 m
24 cm
24 m
See Exercise 4-09
See Exercise 4-10
148
9 a Two similar circles have radii in the ratio 4 : 5. If the smaller area is 150cm 2, find the area
of the larger circle.
b The radius of a circle is increased by a factor of 2 12. By what factor has the area increased?
10 a The areas of the bases of two similar rectangular prisms are in the ratio of 25 : 64. If the
volume of the larger prism is 1024 cm 2, find the volume of the smaller prism.
b Two similar pyramids have volumes of 216 cm 3 and 343 cm 3. Find the ratio of their
surface areas.
9780170194662

Chapter 4 Surface Area and Volume

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What are prisms and how are they described?

What are prisms and how are they described?

What are cylinders and how is their surface area calculated?

What are cylinders and how is their surface area calculated?

Measurement and geometry

cross-section A slice of a solid, taken across the solid

hemisphere Half a sphere

pyramid A solid with a polygon for a base and triangular

sector A region of a circle cut off by two radii, shaped like

curved surface area The area of the curved surface of a

slant height The height of a pyramid or cone from its

n In this chapter you will:

Calculate the area of each shape. All measurements are in centimetres.

Find, correct to two decimal places, the area of each sector.

4-01 Surface area of a prism

This trapezoidal prism has identical cross-sections that are trapeziums.

Find the surface area of the prism.

Closed triangular prism

Calculate the surface area of this trapezoidal prism.

This trapezoidal prism has 6 faces:

Surface area 2 3 204 18 3 10 18 3 15 18 3 24 18 3 13

Surface area of a prism

Find the surface area of each prism.

This classroom is being renovated. Find:

b the ceiling and wall area to be painted if the

Calculate the surface area of each prism.

This swimming pool is 7.6 m long and

4-02 Surface area of a cylinder

Surface area area of two circles area of rectangle

Find, correct to the nearest mm 2, the surface area of this cylinder.

Find, correct to two significant figures, the surface area of:

Surface area curved surface

Surface area of a cylinder

d closed half cylinder

e half cylinder with

f half cylinder with open top,

h half cylinder, open

A swimming pool is in the shape of a cylinder

Which tent has the greater surface area?

(Note: the floor is included for both tents)

Technology Surface areas and volumes of

2 To make a solid, select Push/Pull.

3 Use the Orbit tool to reorientate your solid.

7 Start with a rectangular prism and cut out

4-03 Surface area of a pyramid

Find the surface area of each square pyramid.

This pyramid has a

A rectangular pyramid with a base measuring 10 cm by 8 cm has a perpendicular height of 15 cm.

First find the slant heights AP and AQ.

It is better to leave the lengths

Surface area area of rectangle base 2 3 Area 4ABC 2 3 Area 4ADC

Surface area of a pyramid

Just for the record

The Platonic solids

Regular octahedron Regular dodecahedron Regular icosahedron

Investigation: The surface area of a cone

Net of the curved surface of

Circumference Area of circle

4-04 Surface areas of cones and spheres