Centre Number

Candidate Number

Name

UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

International General Certificate of Secondary Education
CHEMISTRY
Paper 3

May/June 2004
1 hour 15 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
You may use a pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.
You may use a calculator.
Answer all questions.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 12.

For Examiners Use

1
2
3
If you have been given a label, look at the
details. If any details are incorrect or
missing, please fill in your correct details in
the space given at the top of this page.

Stick your personal label here, if provided.

5
6

Total
This document consists of 12 printed pages.
IB04 06_0620_03/4RP
UCLES 2004

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2
1

It was reported from America that a turbine engine, the size of a button, might replace
batteries. The engine would be built from silicon which has suitable properties for this
purpose.
(a) (i)

Why are batteries a convenient source of energy?

[1]

(ii) The engine will run on a small pack of jet fuel. What other chemical is needed to
burn this fuel?
[1]
(b) Silicon has the same type of macromolecular structure as diamond.
(i) Explain why one atom of either element can form four covalent bonds.

[2]
(ii) Predict two physical properties of silicon.

[2]
(iii) Name a different element that has a similar structure and properties to silicon.
[1]
(c) Silicon is made by the carbon reduction of the macromolecular compound, silicon(IV)
oxide.
(i) Balance the equation for the reduction of silicon(IV) oxide.
SiO2

Si

CO

[1]

(ii) Explain why the silicon(IV) oxide is said to be reduced.

[1]
(iii) Describe the structure of silicon(IV) oxide. You may use a diagram.

[2]

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For
Examiners
Use

3
2

For
Examiners
Use

Sulphur is used to make sulphuric acid. In the UK, the annual production of the acid is
about 2.5 million tonnes.
(a) The reactions in the manufacture of sulphuric acid by the Contact Process are shown
below.

(
i
)
G
i
v
e
a
l
a
r
g
e
s
c
a
l
e
s
o
u
r
c
e
o
f
t
h
e
e
l
e
m
e
n
t
s
u
l
p
h

ur.
[1]
(ii) State another use of sulphur dioxide.
[1]

(iii) How is sulphur changed into sulphur dioxide?

[1]

(iv) Name the catalyst used in reaction 2.

[1]
(v) Reaction 2 is exothermic. Why is a catalyst, rather than a higher
temperature, used to increase the rate of this reversible reaction?

[2]
(vi) Write a word equation for reaction 3.
[1]
(vii) Write a symbol equation for reaction 4.
[1]
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For
Examiners
Use

4
3

(b) About one third of this production of acid

2+ is used to make nitrogen and phosphoruscontaining fertilisers.

(i) Name the third element that is essential for plant growth and is present in most
fertilisers.
2+

[1]

(ii) Name a nitrogen-containing fertiliser that is manufactured from sulphuric acid.

[1]
(iii) Rock phosphate (calcium phosphate) is obtained by mining. It reacts with
concentrated sulphuric acid to form the fertiliser, superphosphate. Predict the
formula of each of these phosphates.
fertiliser

ions

formula

and
calcium
PO4
phospha
Ca

calcium
a H
superpho
2
phate
P
Ca O
4

[2]
(iv) The ionic equation for the reaction between the phosphate ion and
sulphuric acid is shown below.

PO4

+ 2H2SO4

H2PO4

+ 2HSO4

Explain why the phosphate ion is described as acting as a base in this reaction.
[2]

An organic compound decomposes to form nitrogen.

C6H5N2Cl(aq)

C6H5Cl(l)

N2(g)

(a) Explain the state symbols.

a
q

l
g
[2]
(b) Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of the valency electrons in one
molecule of nitrogen.

[2]
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For
Examiners
Use

(c) The rate of this reaction can be measured using the following apparatus.

20
40
60
80
100

T
h
e
r
e
s
u
l
t
s
o
f
t
h
i
s
e
x
p
e
r
i
m
e
n
t
a
r
e
s
h
o
w
n
o
n
t
h
e
g

ww
p

raph below.

v
o
l
u
m
e
o
f
n
i
t
r
o
g
e
n

time

(i) How does the rate of this reaction vary with time?

[1]
(ii) Why does the rate vary?

[2]
(iii) The reaction is catalysed by copper powder. Sketch
the graph for the catalysed reaction on the same grid.
[2]
(iv) Why is copper powder more effective as a catalyst
than a single piece of copper?
[1]

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6
4

(a) Insoluble compounds are made by precipitation.

(i) Complete the word equation for the preparation of zinc carbonate.

For
Examiners
Use

s
o
d
i
u
m

+
[2]

carbonate

(
i
i
)
C
o
m
p
l
e
t
e
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
s
y
m
b
o
l
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
.
P
b
(
N

O3)2

NaCl

+
[2]

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/J/04

(iii) Write an ionic equation for the precipitation of the insoluble salt,
silver(I) chloride.

ww
pa

[2]

3
(b) 2.0 portions
of aqueous sodium hydroxide were of aqueous
cm
added to 4.0 cm
iron(III) chloride. Both solutions had a concentration
3
of 1.0 mol/dm . After each addition, the mixture was
stirred, centrifuged and the height of the precipitate of
iron(III) hydroxide was measured. The results are shown
on the following graph.

8
7
6
height of
5
precipitat
e
of metal
4
hydroxid
e
/ mm
3
0
2 14

2
16

10

12

1
0
volume of aqueous sodium hydroxide / cm3
(i) Complete the ionic equation for the reaction.

Fe 3+
[1]
+
..OH
(ii) On the same grid, sketch the graph that would have been
obtained if iron(II)
chloride had been used instead of iron(III) chloride?
[2]

For
Examiners
Use

7
(iii) If aluminium chloride had been used instead of iron(III) chloride, the shape of the
graph would be different. How are the shapes of these two graphs different and
why?
difference in shape

Cu( (a
S a q)
q
)
,

2+
2
+

H
reason for difference

[2]

(
a
q
)
,

(a) Copper has the structure of a typical metal. It has a lattice of positive ions and a sea
of mobile electrons. The lattice can accommodate ions of a different metal.

O
H
(
i
)

Give a different use of copper that depends on each of the following.

(i) the ability of the ions in the lattice to move past each other
[1]
(ii) the presence of mobile electrons
[1]
(iii) the ability to accommodate ions of a different metal in the lattice
[1]
(b) Aqueous copper(II) sulphate solution can be electrolysed using carbon electrodes. The
ions present in the solution are as follows.

W
r
i
t
e
a
n
i
o
n
i
c
e
q
u
a
t
i
o
n
f
o
r
t
h
e
r
e
a
c
t
i
o
n
a
t
t
h

e negative electrode (cathode).

[1]
(ii) A colourless gas was given off at the positive electrode (anode) and
the solution changes from blue to colourless.
Explain these observations.

[2]

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8
(c)

Aqueous copper(II) sulphate can be electrolysed using copper electrodes. The

reaction at the negative electrode is the same but the positive electrode becomes
smaller and the solution remains blue.
(i) Write a word equation for the reaction at the positive electrode.
[1]
(ii) Explain why the colour of the solution does not change.

[2]
(iii) What is the large scale use of this electrolysis?
[1]

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For
Examiners
Use

9
6

For
Examiners
Use

coo
C.
ked
Acryla
abo
mide,
vewhich
120
is
though
follo
t to
wing
be a
stru
risk to
ctur
huma
e.n
health,
has
the

In 2002, Swedish scientists found high levels of acrylamide in starchy foods that had been
o

HC
H

(a)
(i)
It
rea
dily
pol
ym
eris
es
to
pol
yac
ryla
mid
e.
Dra
w
the
stru
ctu
re
of
this
pol
ym
er.

[
2
]

(ii) Starch is formed by polymerisation. It has a structure of the type shown

below.
Name the monomer.
O

[1]
(iii) What are the differences between these two polymerisation reactions,
one forming polyacrylamide and the other starch?

[2]
(b) Acrylamide hydrolyses to form acrylic acid and ammonium ions.
(i) Describe the test for the
ammonium ion. test

result

[2]
(ii) Given an aqueous solution, concentration 0.1 mol / dm 3, how could
you show that acrylic acid is a weak acid.

[2]
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10
(c)

The structural formula of acrylic acid is shown below. It forms compounds called
acrylates.

For
Examiners
Use

(
i
)
A
c
r
y
l
i
c
a
c
i
d
r
e
a
c
t
s
w
i
t
h
e
t
h
a
n
o
l
t
o
f
o
r
m
t
h
e
f
o
l
l
o
w
i
n
g
c

ompound.
H
COOCH2CH3
C
C
H
H

Deduce the name of this compound. What type of organic compound is it?
name
type of compound
[2]
(ii)

Acrylic acid is an unsaturated compound. It will react with bromine.

Describe the colour change and draw the structural formula of the
product of this addition reaction.
colour change
structural formula of product

[2]

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For
Examiners
Use

11
7

Chemists use the concept of the mole to calculate the amounts of chemicals involved in a
reaction.
3

(a) Define mole.

[1]
(b) 3.0 g of magnesium was added to 12.0 g of ethanoic acid.
Mg + 2CH3COOH (CH3COO)2Mg + H2
The mass of one mole of Mg is 24 g.
The mass of one mole of CH3COOH is 60 g.
(i) Which one, magnesium or ethanoic acid, is in excess? You must show your
reasoning.

[3]
(ii) How many moles of hydrogen were formed?
[1]
(iii) Calculate the volume of hydrogen formed, measured at r.t.p.
[2]
3

(c)
of
In
aque
an
ous
ex
sodiu
pe
m
hydro
m
xide,
en
0.4
mol /
25.
dm ,
was
m
neutr
alised
byof
cm
aqueo
us
oxalic
acid,
H2C2O
4.

2Na
OH
+
H2C
O4

Na2
C2 O
+2H
O
C
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
t
h
e
c
o
n
c
e
n
t
r
a
t
i
o
n

of the oxalic acid in mol / dm .

(i) Calculate the number of moles of NaOH in

25.0 cm

3
of 0.4 mol
/
dm

solution.3
[1]

(ii) Use your answer to (i) and the mole ratio in the equation to find out the number of
3
moles of H2C2O4 in of solution.
20 cm
[1]
(iii) Calculate the concentration, mol / dm 3, of the aqueous oxalic acid.
[2]

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U
C
L
ES
20

w.x
tre
me
pa
per
s.n
et

06
20
/0
3/
M/
J/0
4

Univ
ersity
of
Cam
bridg
e
Inter
natio
nal
Exa
mina
tions
is
part
of the
Univ
ersity
of
Cam
bridg
e
Local
Exa
mina
tions
Synd
icate
(UC
LES)
whic
h is
itself
a
depa
rtme
nt of
the
Univ
ersity
of
Cam
brid
ge.

DATA SHEET
The Periodic Table of the
Elements
Group
I

III

II

IV

VI

VII

He

Hydrogen

Helium

1
7

11

12

14

16

19

20

Li

Be

Ne

Lithium

Beryllium

Boron

23

24

Na

Mg

Sodium

Magnesium

11

Nitrogen

7
28

31

Al

Si

13

Silicon

14

Oxygen

27

Aluminium

12

Carbon

35.5

40

Ar

Cl

Sulphur

16

Neon

10

32

Phosphorus

15

Fluorine

Chlorine

17

Argon

18

39

40

45

48

51

52

55

56

59

59

64

65

70

73

75

79

80

84

Ca

Sc

Ti

Cr

Mn

Fe

Co

Ni

Cu

Zn

Ga

Ge

As

Se

Br

Kr

Potassium

Calcium

19

20

Scandium

Titanium

21

22

Vanadium

23

Chromium

24

85

88

89

91

93

96

Rb

Sr

Zr

Nb

Mo

Rubidium

Strontium

37

38

Yttrium

Zirconium

39

40

Niobium

41

Manganese

25

Tc

Molybdenum

42

Iron

26

Technetium

Nickel

28

Copper

29

Zinc

30

Gallium

31

Germanium

32

Arsenic

33

Selenium

34

Bromine

35

Krypton

36

101

103

106

108

112

115

119

122

128

127

131

Ru

Rh

Pd

Ag

Cd

In

Sn

Sb

Te

Xe

Ruthenium

44

43

Cobalt

27

Rhodium

45

Palladium

46

Silver

47

Cadmium

48

Tin

Indium

50

49

Antimony

51

Tellurium

52

Xenon

Iodine

54

53

133

137

139

178

181

184

186

190

192

195

197

201

204

207

Cs

Ba

La

Hf

Ta

Re

Os

Ir

Pt

Au

Hg

Pb

Bi

Po

At

Rn

Caesium

Barium

Lanthanum

Hafnium

Tantalum

Tungsten

Rhenium

Osmium

Iridium

Platinum

Gold

Mercury

Tl

Lead

Bismuth

Polonium

Astatine

Radon

55

56

57
226

Fr

Ra

Ac

Radium

Actinium

88

73

X
b

76

140

141

144

Ce

Pr

Nd

Cerium

Key

75

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

89

*58-71 Lanthanoid series

90-103 Actinoid series
a

74

227

Francium

87

72

Thallium

209

58

a = relative atomic mass

Neodymium

60

232

X = atomic symbol
b = proton (atomic) number

Praseodymium

59

90

Pm
Promethium

61

150

152

157

159

162

165

167

169

173

175

Sm

Eu

Gd

Tb

Dy

Ho

Er

Tm

Yb

Lu

Samarium

62

Europium

63

Gadolinium

64

Terbium

65

Dysprosium

66

Holmium

67

Erbium

68

Thulium

69

Ytterbium

70

Lutetium

71

238

Th

Pa

Np

Pu

Am

Cm

Bk

Cf

Es

Fm

Md

No

Lr

Thorium

Protactinium

Uranium

Neptunium

Plutonium

Americium

Curium

Berkelium

Californium

Einsteinium

Fermium

Mendelevium

Nobelium

Lawrencium

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

100

101

102

103

12