MEC222 Fluid Mechanics Papers - Amrita University

Roll No.
: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
B.Tech. Degree Examinations June 2014
Fourth Semester
Mechanical Engineering
MEC222 Fluid Mechanics and Machinery

Time: Three hours
Maximum: 100 Marks

Answer all questions
Property tables permitted
1. (a)
(b)
2. (a)
(b)
3. (a)
(b)
4. (a)
Prove that for isothermal compression of a perfect gas, the coefficient of

compressibility is equal to the pressure.
(2)
A gate which is 2.5 m wide and 1 m high lies in a
vertical plane and is hinged at the bottom. There is a
liquid density 1200 kg/m3 on the upstream side of
the gate which extends 1.2 m above the top of the
gate. On the downstream side of the gate there is
water up to the top of the gate. Find (a) the resultant
force acting of the gate. (b) the position on the
centre of pressure and
(8)
What is the magnitude and line of action of the buoyant force acting on a submerged
body whose volume is V?
(2)
A rectangular pontoon 10 m long, 8m wide and 3m deep weighs 6 10 N and carries
a boiler of 4 m diameter on its deck which weighs 4 105 N. The centre of gravity
of each may be taken to be at the geometric centre. Determine the value of the
metacentric height of the combined unit, when it floats in river water. Calculate also
the restoring torque for a tilt of 5 from vertical.
(8)
A pitot-static probe can often be seen protruding from the
underside of an airplane. As the air plane files, the probe measures
relative wind speed. Is this a Lagrangian or Eulerian measurement?
Justify your answer.
(2)
The velocity components in a two-dimensional flow field for an
incompressible fluid are given by
u e x cos y and v
e x sin y
(i) Determine the equation of streamlines.
(ii) Calculate rate of rate of translation, rotation, linear strain rate and shear
strain rate.
(iii) Is this flow rotational or irrotational?
(iv) Is this flow compressible or incompressible?
(8)
A desktop computer is to be cooled by a fan whose flow rate is 0.34 m 3/min.
Determine the mass flow rate of air through the fan at an elevation of 3400 m where
the air density is 0.7 kg/m3. Also, if the average velocity of air is not to exceed 110
m/min, determine the diameter of the casing of fan.
(4)
Page 1 of 3
(b)
Water accelerated by a nozzle to 15 m/s

strikes the vertical back surface of a cart
moving horizontally at a constant velocity
of 5 m/s in the flow direction. The mass
flow rate of water is 25 kg/s. After the
strike, the water stream splatters off in all
directions in the plane of the back surface.
(a) Determine the force that needs to be applied on the brakes of the cart to prevent it
from accelerating. (b) If this force were used to generate power instead of wasting it
on the brakes, determine the maximum amount of power that can be generated. (6)
5. (a)
(b)
Write the Bernoulli equation in terms of head and sate its limitations.
(2)
Water ows in a horizontal constant-area pipe; the pipe diameter is 75 mm and the
average ow speed is 5 m/s. At the pipe inlet, the gage pressure is 275 kPa, and the
outlet is at atmospheric pressure. (a) Determine the head loss in the pipe. (b) If the
pipe is now aligned so that the outlet is 15 m above the inlet, what will the inlet
pressure need to be to maintain the same ow rate? (c) If the pipe is now aligned so
that the outlet is 15 m below the inlet, what will the inlet pressure need to be to
maintain the same ow rate? (d) Finally, how much lower than the inlet must the
outlet be so that the same ow rate is maintained if both ends of the pipe are at
atmospheric pressure (i.e., gravity feed)?
(8)
6. (a)
(b)
Write the angular momentum equation using Reynolds Transport Theorem?

(2)
Water enters a two-armed lawn sprinkler along the vertical axis at a rate of 60 L/s,
and leaves the sprinkler nozzles as 2-cm diameter jets at an angle of u from the
tangential direction, as shown in Fig.. The length of each sprinkler arm is 0.45 m.
Disregarding any frictional effects, determine the rate of rotation n of the sprinkler in
rev/min for (a) = 0o (b) =30o. (c) =60o.
(8)
7. (a)
What do you mean by similitude and what are the different types of similarities that
exist between a model and a prototype?
(2)
(b)
A washing machine agitator is to be designed. The power, P, required for the agitator
is to be correlated with the amount of water used (indicated by the depth, H, of the
water). It also depends on the agitator diameter, D, height, h, maximum angular
velocity, max, and frequency of oscillations, f, and water density, , and viscosity, .
Determine the dimensionless parameters that characterize this problem.
(8)
Page 2 of 3
8. (a)
Determine the hydraulic diameter for an open channel flow shown in Fig.?
(2)
(b)
A single stage centrifugal pump is used to transfer water at 20o C from the
underground sump to the overhead tank through a smooth pipe of length of 60 m
and diameter of 50 mm at a constant flow rate of 6 LPS as shown in Fig. Determine
the shaft power needed by the pump to raise water to the required height with a
pump efficiency of 80%
(8)
9. (a)
Discuss the primary difference between a positive displacement turbomachine and

a dynamic turbomachine.
(2)
A centrifugal water is used to deliver water and it has an impeller of external
diameter 600 mm and internal diameter 200 mm. The width of the impeller is 100
mm at inlet and 40 mm at outlet. The vane angle at inlet and outlet are 15 o and 25o
respectively. The impeller rotates at 1500 rpm. Neglecting losses and vane
thickness, determine (a) the discharge for shockless radial entry, (b) the head
developed, (c) the power required to drive the pump if the overall efficiency is 70%.
(8)
Describe what would happen if turbomachinery designers did not pay attention to
the design of the draft tube.
(2)
A Pelton wheel is used to produce hydroelectric power. The average radius of the
wheel is 1.83 m, and the jet velocity is 102 m/s from a nozzle of exit diameter equal
to 10.0 cm. The turning angle of the buckets is = 165. (a) Calculate the volume
flow rate through the turbine in m3/s. (b) What is the optimum rotation rate (in rpm)
of the wheel (for maximum power)? (c) Calculate the output shaft power in MW if
the efficiency of the turbine is 82 percent.
(8)
(b)
10. (a)
(b)
*****
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Roll No.

MEC222 Fluid Mechanics and Machinery

Maximum: 100 Marks

Prove that for isothermal compression of a perfect gas, the coefficient of

Water accelerated by a nozzle to 15 m/s

Write the angular momentum equation using Reynolds Transport Theorem?

Discuss the primary difference between a positive displacement turbomachine and

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