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FINAL PROGRAM
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December 6(Tue.) - 9(Fri.), 2005

Sunport Takamatsu
Takamatsu, Japan
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The 12th International Display Workshops

in conjunction with Asia Display 2005
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MICROLINE
CONTENTS
Program Highlights 6
General Information 9
Hotel and Travel Information 12
Plenary Sessions
Tuesday, December 6
Opening Remarks
Opening 16
Keynote Address
Keynote Addresses 16
Invited Address
Invited Addresses 16
Workshop on LC Science and Technologies
Tuesday, December 6
LCT1
New Materials for LCD Applications 18
LCT2
Fast Responce LCDs 19
LCT3
LC Alignment Process 20
Wednesday, December 7
LCT4
LC Mode
EP5/LCT5 Flexible LCD
LCT6
Panel and Evaluation
LCTp1 Poster: LCD Mode
LCTp2 Poster: LCD Alignment
LCTp3 Poster: Materials
LCTp4 Poster: Optical Design and Measurement
LCTp5 Poster: Novel Devices
21
24
25
26
30
32
34
37
Workshop on Active Matrix Displays

Tuesday, December 6
AMD1 LC-TV 39
AMD2 Large Area Display Applications 40
AMD3 Emerging TFT Technologies 40
EP4/AMD4 Active Matrix Electronic Paper
OLED4/AMD5
Active Matrix OLED
AMD6 Mobile Displays
OLEDp/AMDp
Poster: Active Matrix OLED
42
43
45
47
Thursday, December 8
AMD7 TFT Technologies - Crystallization
AMD8 TFT Technologies - Modeling & Analysis
AMD9 TFT Technologies - Process Technologies
AMDp Poster: Active Matrix Displays
49
51
52
53
Friday, December 9
AMD10 System on Panel (1) 70
AMD11 System on Panel (2) 71
AMD12 Organic TFT Technologies 73
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MICROLINE
Workshop on FPD Manufacturing, Materials and

Components
Tuesday, December 6
FMC1 Manufacturing Technologies (1) 75
FMC4 Color Filters (1) 78
FMC5 Color Filters (2) 79
FMC6 Environment Friendly Technologies & Backlight Systems (1)
FMC7 Backlight Systems (2)
FMC8 Backlight Systems (3)
FMCp Poster: FPD Manufacturing, Materials & Components
81
82
84
85
Friday, December 9
FMC9 Materials (1)
FMC10 Materials (2)
FMC11 Optical Films
FMC12 Optical Films
91
93
94
95
(1)
(2)
Workshop on CRTs
Tuesday, December 6
CRT
Opening 97
CRT1 Slim CRTs 97
CRT2 CRT Market Trends 98
CRT3 Electron Guns & Cathodes 98
CRT4 Masks & Glass 99
CRTp Poster: CRTs 101
Workshop on Plasma Displays
PDP1 Protective Layer 102
PDPp1 Poster: PDP (1) 103
PDP2 Driving (1) 108
PDP3 Discharge and Driving (2) 109
PDPp2 Poster: PDP (2) 111
Friday, December 9
PDP4 Image Quality 117
PDP5 Novel PDPs 118
PDP6 High Resolution Technologies 119
Workshop on EL Displays, LEDs and Phosphors
PH1
Phosphors in General 122
2
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MICROLINE
PHp
Poster: Phosphors 123
PH2
Phosphors for LEDs 128
PH3
ELDs (1) 129
PH4
ELDs (2) 131
Friday, December 9
FED2/PH5 FEDs and Phosphors for FEDs 132
Workshop on Field Emission Display
Friday, December 9
FED
Opening
FED1 CNT Emitters and FEDs
FED2/PH5 FEDs and Phosphors for FEDs
FED3 CNT Emitters for FEDs
FED4 FE Materials and Novel Device
134
134
135
136
139
Workshop on Organic LED Displays

Tuesday, December 6
OLED1 High Efficiency 142
OLED2 Process Technology 143
OLED3 Device Structure 144
OLED4/AMD5
Active Matrix OLED 146
OLEDp/AMDp
Poster: Active Matrix OLED 147
OLEDp Poster: OLED poster 150
Workshop on 3D/Hyper-Realistic Displays and Systems
3D1
Perception and System Design 160
3Dp
Poster: 3D Display (Late News) 162
Friday, December 9
3D2
Advanced Display Systems 163
3D3
Holography 164
3D4
3D Display 165
Workshop on Applied Vision and Human Factors
VHF
Opening
VHF1 Viewing Angle Dependent Image Quality
VHF2 Moving Image Quality (1)
VHF3 Moving Image Quality (2)
168
168
169
170
VHF4 Color Reproduction 171
VHF5 Image Quality & Ergonomics 172
VHFp Poster: Human Factors and Image Quality 174
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MICROLINE
Workshop on Projection and Large-Area Displays, and Their

Components
LADp
Poster: Projection Display Technologies 178
Friday, December 9
LAD1
Market and Trend
LAD2
Optics and Imaging
LAD3
Light Source and Illumination
LAD4
Light Valve
179
180
182
183
Workshop on Electronic Paper

Tuesday, December 6
EP1
Electronic Paper (1) 185
EP2
EP3
EP4/AMD4 Active Matrix Electronic Paper 188
EP5/LCT5 Flexible LCD 190
EPp
Poster: Electronic Paper 191
Topical Session on MEMS for Future Displays and Related
Electron Devices
MEMS Opening
MEMS1 Displays and Optical Devices (1)
MEMS2 Fundamental Mechanism and Materials
MEMS3 Imaging and Sensors
MEMS4 Displays and Optical Devices (2)
194
194
195
198
199
Topical Session on Accumulation and Imaging Technique of

Optical Information
Tuesday, December 6
AIT1
AIT(1) 201
AIT2
AIT(2) 202
AITp
Poster: AIT(3) 203
Topical Session on Novel Imaging Devices and Systems
IDS1
Novel Imaging Devices and Systems (1) 204
IDS2
Novel Imaging Devices and Systems (2) 205
IDW/AD 05 Timetable Centerfold
IDW/AD 05 Session Navigator Centerfold
IDW/AD 05 Committees 207
Floor Plan 217
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MICROLINE
IDW '06
International Display Workshops
Dec. 6 8, 2006
Convention Hall Ohmi, Otsu Prince Hotel
Otsu, Japan
http://idw.ee.uec.ac.jp
BANQUET
19:00 21:00
at Hiten (3F)
ANA Hotel Clement Takamatsu
See page 9 for details
SID 2006
Society for Information Display
Symposium, Seminar & Exhibition
June 49, 2006
San Francisco, CA, USA
http://www.sid.org
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MICROLINE
PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS
Scientific and technological advances in information display research and
development will be found at the 12th International Display Workshops in
conjunction with Asia Display (IDW/AD
05). A feature of IDW/AD
05 is
the integration of the following twelve workshops and three topical sessions.
Workshops on
LC Science and Technologies
Active Matrix Displays
FPD Manufacturing, Materials and Components
CRTs
Plasma Displays
EL Displays, LEDs and Phosphors
Field Emission Display
Organic LED Displays
3D/Hyper-Realistic Displays and Systems
Applied Vision and Human Factors
Projection and Large-Area Displays and Their Components
Electric paper
Topical Sessions on
MEMS for Future Displays and Related Electron Devices
Optical Information Accumulation and Imaging Technique
Novel Imaging Devices and Systems
The four-day conference will feature 554 papers, including two keynote
addresses, two invited addresses, 83 invited papers, 195 oral and 196
poster presentations, and 76 late-news papers. Following keynote and invited addresses on Tuesday morning, presentations will begin and continue in six parallel sessions through Friday. Poster sessions and author
interviews will enable participants to discuss presented issues in detail.
Exhibitions from display and related industries will also be featured from
Tuesday to Friday in parallel with workshops and topical sessions. IDW/
AD 05 should be of interest not only to researchers and engineers, but
also to those who manage companies and institutions in the display
community.
Workshop on LC Science and Technologies (LCT)
Recent advances in LC materials and device technologies are presented.
The session covers from fundamental studies to recent development in
LCD technologies. New materials for LCD application, fast response
LCDs, LC alignment process, LC mode, electronic paper, flexible LCD,
panel & evaluation, optical design & measurement, and novel devices
are discussed.
Workshop on Active Matrix Display (AMD)
Recent progress in TFT technologies and active matrix displays are
widely discussed. Sessions cover device and process technologies for aSi, poly-Si, organic and new material TFTs, featuring nineteen topical invited talks. Their applications to active matrix displays including LC-TVs,
mobile displays, electronic paper and OLED displays are presented. Furthermore, novel applications to sensors, detectors and system on panel
are discussed.
Workshop on FPD Manufacturing Materials and Components (FMC)
This workshop includes 8 invited papers dealing with the overview of
technical trends and the new related technologies on FPDs. In the technical sessions, papers deal with optical components, lamps, process
technologies, measurement systems, recycling technologies, etc. for
FPDs.
6
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Workshop on CRTs (CRT)

This workshop covers the entire field of CRT technologies. This year, a
Slim CRTs topical session is organized.
Workshop on Plasma Displays (PDP)
PDP TV is the key phrase for the most recent PDP R&D. The key
phrase involves three major technological issues; realizing the full-spec
HDTV performance, picture quality enhancement and reduction of power
consumption, and cost reduction. About 60 papers pursue these aims
from the viewpoints of gas discharge physics, materials, manufacturing
process, driving, image quality, and ergonomics. Invited papers from
leading researchers also highlight the technology advancements. Of special interest is a method of measuring the annual energy consumption of
TV sets, which is relevant to all the FPD technologies, proposed by Dr. L.
F. Weber.
Workshop on EL Displays, LEDs and Phosphors (PH)
This workshop covers the latest R&D achievement in inorganic ELDs,
phosphors for emissive displays and solid-state illumination as well as
LEDs. Invited talks present large-screen full-color ELDs, flexible EL
sheets, the luminescent mechanism of blue phosphors for PDPs, phosphor for white LEDs, and potential application to phosphor materials and
active displays. Contributed papers also include interesting topics such
as nano-sized particle phosphors, thin-film phosphors and new phosphor
materials for ELDs and PDPs. In addition, joint sessions will be held with
the FED Workshop.
Workshop on Field Emission Display (FED)
Recent progresses in carbon-nanotube (CNT) field emitters and their applications for field emission displays (FED) are presented. Operating
characteristics of a surface-conduction electron-emitter display and a
large size CNT-FED are also discussed at the joint session with PH
Workshop.
Workshop on Organic LED Displays (OLED)
This workshop includes recent developments in organic light-emitting materials, devices and display systems. New organic fluorescent and phosphorescent materials are reported, and highly efficient OLEDs using
these materials are presented. In addition, durability, the fabrication process and the evaluation system will be also discussed.
Workshop on 3D/Hyper-Realistic Display and Systems (3D)
This workshop focuses on recent progress in 3D, holography and related
visual science. It also covers 3D, hyper-realistic image processing such
as multiview interpolation and high-fidelity color reproduction. Invited talks
in this workshop include the topics from forefront of 3D/holographic technologies and the recent researches into advanced display systems.
Workshop on Applied Vision and Human Factors (VHF)
This workshop covers the latest R&D achievments in the field of applied
vision and human factors such as psycho-physiological effects of displays
and their contents, still and moving image quality metrics, metrology, and
improvement techniques. Other topics are temporal and spatial color reproduction and viewing angle dependence of color, grey shades, and defect visibility. The workshop provides an excellent opportunity to interact
with world-renowned experts in the field.
Workshop on Projection and Large-Area Displays, and Their Components (LAD)
The worldwide hottest technologies for projection displays will make this
workshop exciting. Invited talks will cover topics on an extremely high
performance projector for Digital TV applications. In the general talks,
light valve technology, light source and optical systems for enhancing display performance will be discussed.
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MICROLINE
Workshop on Electronic Paper (EP)

This workshop focuses on current topics on electronic paper, rewritable
paper, paper-like display, and flexible display. Various novel technologies
including electrophoretic, electrochromic, liquid crystal, electrowetting,
and toner display systems will be reported. Concepts, systems, devices,
materials, and humaninterfaces in this field are expected to be discussed.
Topical Session on MEMS for Future Displays and Related Electron
Devices (MEMS)
This session will cover all aspects of MEMS science and technologies for
future displays, imaging devices, and related electron devices. It includes
research areas such as materials, basic physics and fabrication processes. The session seeks to broaden the horizon of display technologies
into MEMS technologies. As this meeting is the very first held in IDW,
speakers are invited from research institutions around the world to inspire
display researchers. The session is proud to invite researchers from institutions such as Cambridge Univ., Kyung Hee Univ., MIT, Ritsumeikan
Univ., Samsung, Tohoku Univ., and Univ. of Tokyo (in alphabetical order).
Topical Session on Optical Information Accumulation and Imaging
Technique (AIT)
This Topical Session focuses on recent developments in AITs. It also
covers THz imaging technique of biological samples and others by using
femtosecond laser, and tomography techniques of living single-cells to
improve the early detection and treatment of cancer. In addition, unique
properties of quantum dots can be used as tags for fluorescence visualization of structure and functions of biological systems. Moreover, a coherent control technique for ultrafast optical imaging is also presented.
Topical Session on Novel Imaging Devices and Systems (IDS)
Recent progresses in an ultra-high definition camera system, an ultrahigh speed video camera and a high color reproducibility camera system
are presented. Image pick-up characteristics of compact highly sensitive
image sensor, organic image sensor, CMOS time-of-flight range image
sensor, photon counting type X-ray image sensor are also discussed.
Outstanding Poster Paper Awards
Awards will be presented for limited number of outstanding poster papers
on December 9, from 12:20 to 13:30 in Room Tamamo (3F) in the ANA
hotel following Takamatsu Festival.
Exhibition
The IDW/AD 05 exhibition of display components and systems will open
at 12:00 on December 6 and close at 14:00 on December 9. The latest
display devices, appliance, manufacturing equipment, measuring instruments, software systems and materials for display technologies will be
presented in Small Hall 2 (5F), Sunport Hall Takamatsu. Please take this
opportunity to enjoy an informative discussion with exhibitors.
December 6: 12:00 18:00
December 7: 9:00 18:00
December 8: 9:00 18:00
December 9: 9:00 14:00
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MICROLINE
GENERAL INFORMATION
SPONSORSHIP
IDW/AD 05 is sponsored by the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers (ITE) and the Society for Information Display (SID).
WORKSHOP SITE
Sunport Takamatsu (Sunport Hall Takamatsu, Kagawa International Conference Hall, and ANA Hotel Clement Takamatsu)
2-1 Sunport, Takamatsu
Kagawa 760-0019, Japan
ON-SITE SECRETARIAT
Telephone and fax machines for IDW/AD 05 use will be temporarily set
up in the secretariat room at Sunport Hall Takamatsu (Room 54) (December 5-9).
Phone: +81-87-823-9975
BANQUET
A buffet-style banquet will be held on December 7 from 19:00 to 21:00 in
Hiten (3F), ANA Hotel Clement Takamatsu. As the number of tickets is
limited, you are urged to make an advance reservation by completing the
enclosed registration form and returning it with payment.
EVENING GET-TOGETHER WITH WINE
A get-together will be held on December 5 from 18:00 to 20:00 in the
Main Hall Foyer (3F), Sunport Hall Takamatsu. Wine (sponsored by
Merck Ltd., Japan) will be served to participants in a relaxed atmosphere
for informal discussion.
OUTSTANDING POSTER PAPER AWARDS AND TAKAMATSU FESTIVAL
Poster Awards will be given for outstanding poster papers, following Takamatsu Folk Entertainment, on December 9 from 12:20 to 13:30 in
Tamamo (3F), ANA Hotel Clement Takamatsu.
REGISTRATION
Registration is available in advance and on site. However, proceedings
books might not be guaranteed for on-site registrants in the case of an
unexpected excess of on-site registrations. Advance registration is
strongly recommended.
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MICROLINE
Registration Fees
The registration fee for IDW/AD 05 includes admission to the conference, a copy of the proceedings in printed book or USB memory form,
and CD-ROM. The proceedings in USB memory form can be selected
only by those who registered and paid by November 8.
Paid by Nov. 8
After Nov. 8
30,000
40,000
Member of SID/ITE/ASO
Non-Member
35,000
45,000
8,000
10,000
Student
Life Member of SID/ITE
8,000
10,000
Banquet
8,000
10,000
Note that the reduced registration fee must be paid by November 8. In
the case of payment after November 8 or on site, prices after November
8 will apply even if you sent the registration form by November 8, 2005.
Also, please note that the number of banquet tickets to register on site is
limited.
ASO:Academic Supporting Organizations

(See p.215 as well as Supporting Organizations and Sponsors at the
end of each workshop/topical session section.)
Student ID is required.
For additional sets of the proceedings book or USB memory, and CDROM
Book & CD-ROM USB & CD-ROM
At the conference site
8,000
8,000
Airmail after the conference
12,000
not available
Sea/Domestic mail after the conference 10,000
not available
Additional USB memory and CD-ROM Sets can be selected only in application with payment by November 8.
Payment
Three ways are provided for registration.
(1) e-Registration
Access the following URL.
http://idw.ee.uec.ac.jp/regist.html
e-Registration is acceptable until 24:00, November 18, 2005 (JST).
(2) Mail or Fax Registration
Complete the registration form (FORM A) at the centerfold and send it to
the secretariat, together with all necessary payments, no later than
24:00, November 18, 2005 (JST).
IDW/AD 05 Secretariat
c/o Inter Group Corp.
Toranomon Takagi Bldg.
1-7-2 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
Phone: +81-3-3597-1126 Fax: +81-3-3597-1097
E-mail: [email protected]
The registration fee should be remitted by one of the following methods.
1. Bank transfer (only applicable to domestic participants) to:
Account name: IDW05
Account No.: 1236251 (ordinary account)
Bank Name: Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corp.
Branch Name: Yamato Branch
Please attach a copy of your bank remittance form with the
registration form to avoid possible problems.
2. Bank check made payable to IDW05, together with the registration
form
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MICROLINE
3. Credit card (only VISA or MasterCard accepted)

All above payments should be made in JAPANESE YEN.
Also, please note that personal and travelers checks will not be accepted.
(3) On-site Registration
Conference registration desk will be open:
December 5 (Mon.)
17:0020:00
December 6 (Tue.)
8:3018:00
December 7 (Wed.)
8:3018:00
December 8 (Thu.)
8:3018:00
December 9 (Fri.)
8:3015:00
The on-site registration fee will be payable by:
1. Cash (JAPANESE YEN only)
2. Credit card (VISA or MasterCard only)
Bank transfer, bank check, and personal/travelers checks are not accepted. Payment by cash is recommended.
Cancellation Policy
Refunds for registration, the banquet, additional sets of proceedings etc.
will be made for written cancellations received by the IDW/AD 05 secretariat by November 8. For cancellations received after November 8 or no
-shows, refunds will not be made. After IDW/AD 05 closes, however, a
set of the proceedings book/USB memory and CD-ROM will be sent to
the registrants who have paid the registration fees.
INQUIRIES
IDW/AD 05 Secretariat
Toranomon Takagi Bldg.
1-7-2 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
Phone: +81-3-3597-1126 Fax: +81-3-3597-1097
E-mail: [email protected]
Please look at the website (http://idw.ee.uec.ac.jp/) for the latest information.
EVENING GET-TOGETHER
WITH WINE
Monday, December 5
18:00 20:00
Main Hall Foyer (3F),
Sunport Hall Takamatsu
(Sponsored by Merck Ltd., Japan)
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MICROLINE
HOTEL AND TRAVEL INFORMATION

HOTEL RESERVATIONS
IDW/AD 05 executive committee has secured enough rooms for the participants. Participants who want to stay in Takamatsu during IDW/AD 05
should make reservations directly with the hotel by themselves as follows. Reservation will be made on a first-come, first-served basis.
Methods of Application
1. Through the IDW/AD 05 website(http://idw.ee.uec.ac.jp/hotelform.html)
2. By fax, using the enclosed Form B (Please copy the form.)
Confirmation from the Hotels
1. Confirmation will be sent to the applicants directly from the hotel a few
days after receiving your application.
2. If your application is not accepted by the hotel, please select another
hotel and send your request for a reservation to the hotel through the
web or by fax using Form B.
3. In case there is no vacancy for your request again, please follow the
procedure described above.
VISAS
Visitors from countries whose citizens must have visas should apply to a
Japanese consular office or diplomatic mission in their respective country. For further details, please contact your travel agent or the local consular office in your country.
Attention: For some countries citizens, official documents prepared by
the secretariat will be needed. Please ask the secretariat for its application at least two months before the conference.
JAPAN RAIL PASS
Tourists visiting Japan from abroad can save with a Japan Rail Pass.
These 7-, 14-, or 21-day passes are valid for unlimited travel on the
Shinkansen trains (except NOZOMI) and other JR lines, plus its buses
and ferries.
For details, please ask your travel agent and purchase an exchange order at an authorized agent before coming to Japan. This pass cannot be
purchased in Japan.
After you arrive in Japan, you turn in the exchange order to receive your
JAPAN RAIL PASS at an applicable JR station that has a JAPAN RAIL
PASS exchange office.
Ex.
Narita Airport
Travel Service Center

Ticket Office
Narita Airport Terminal 2 Travel Service Center
Ticket Office
Kansai Airport
Ticket Office
JR Nagoya Station
JAPAN RAIL PASS
Exchange Corner
JR Takamatsu Station
Travel Service Center
11:30-19:00
6:15-11:30, 19:00-21:45
11:30-19:00
6:30-11:30, 19:00-21:50
5:30-23:00
10:00-18:00
10:00-18:00
CLIMATE
The average temperature in Takamatsu during the period is around 9,
with 13 in the daytime and 4 at night on the average.
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TAKAMATSU CITY
Takamatsu City is blessed with warm weather throughout the four
seasons and a magnificent natural setting: the Seto Inland Sea,
with its many islands, large and small; the green, gentle slopes of
the Sanuki Mountains; the lovely Sanuki Plain, with its reservoirs
and lovingly preserved shrines; the historic towns, alive with the
aroma of a rich culture and history bequeathed to us by generation upon generation of our ancestors. With its central location on
the Seto Inland Sea, Kagawa Prefecture has flourished since ancient times through trade and as a cultural center. It has developed into a key hub in Shikoku, home to many government
branch offices as well as the local offices of many large corporations.
Ritsurin Park was designed to offer the visitor a different seasonal
quality every number of steps. Kagawa has many sightseeing attractions, including Tamamo Park, Yashima, Takamatsu central arcade, National Resort Shionoe-Onsen, Sunshine and Olive Island Shodoshima, and a view of islands of all sizes dotting the
Seto Inland Sea. Kotohiragu Shrine, with its sea-protecting deity
and Shikokus 88-temple pilgrimage route, including Zentsuji Temple and Okuboji Temple, are sought by visitors for their spiritual
environments
PLACES OF INTEREST
Ritsurin Park
Ritsurin Park is a nationally designated cultural property and
place of scenic beauty. It is located at the foot of the hill known
as Shiunzan and consists of six ponds and 13 hillocks. Formerly
belonging to a daimyolords family, visitors can walk through it and
see spectacular scenes from many vantage points.
Tamamo Park (The Ruins of Takamatsu Castle)
Tamamo Park is a refresh zone that is full of poetic sentiment and
it is suitable as a first step for a trip to Takamatsu. When we hear
Sanuki, we associate Tamamo. This park was made in the trace of
Tamamo castle in 1955. (Tamamo castle is said to be one of the
three best Japanese water castles). It has a beautiful garden and
holds various events in the four seasons.
Yashima
Its view is the best beauty spot of the Inland Sea of Japan national park. Yashima, which is famous for the Genpei battle, is the
best lava tableland in the world. This outlook from the mountaintop
is as wonderful as the Aegean Sea. It
s 8km to the east from the
center of Takamatsu city to Yashima by car via Route 11. We recommend that you go to the mountaintop by a driving route that
has a mystery zone. If you use a highway, get off at Chuo interchange and move to Route 11. If you
d like to spend time leisurely,
use the Kotoden train from the center of Takamatsu city to Katamoto station, and then climb to the mountaintop. There is a climbing route from there to Nagasaki No Hana. (It takes about 3.5
hours.)
More information is available on
http://www.21kagawa.com/visitor/kanko/e-index.htm
http://www.city.takamatsu.kagawa.jp/kankou/
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ACCESS TO TAKAMATSU
KANSAI INTL
AIRPORT
(OSAKA, KIX)
NARITA INTL
AIRPORT
(TOKYO, NRT)
JR Limited Express
Haruka
3,180 / 48 min
INCHEON INTL
AIRPORT
(SOUL, KOREA, ICN)
Limousine Bus
3,000 / 75 min
JR Narita Express
3,140 / 63 min
SHIN-OSAKA
STATION
HANEDA
AIRPORT(HND)
International Flight
105 min,
3 flights/week
Domestic Flight
JR Shinkansen
70 min,
Nozomi
10 flights/day
6,260 / 51 min
JR Shinkansen
Nozomi
17,060 /
211 min
TOKYO
STATION
OKAYAMA STATION
TAKAMATSU
AIRPORT (TAK)
Bus (via Akashi

JR Marine Liner
Kaikyo Bridge)
(via Seto Ohashi Bridge)
5,000 / 215 min
1,470 / 55 min
(Round Trip 8,300)
Bus
740 / 35 min
or Taxi
2,500-3,000
/ 30 min
TAKAMATSU STATION
1 min walk
IDW/AD 05 CONFERENCE SITE (SUNPORT TAKAMATSU)

(as of July, 2005)
30 min, by bus from Okayama Airport. (International)
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Tuesday
December 6
IDW/AD 05
Tuesday, December 6
9:00 - 9:10
Sunport Hall Takamatsu Main Hall
Opening
Master of Ceremony
Y. Nagae, Executive Chair
Opening Remarks
9:00
T. Sugiura, General Chair,
H. Mimura, Program Chair
9:10 - 10:30
Keynote Addresses
Co-Chairs
H. Mimura, Program Chair

T. Sugiura, General Chair
Keynote Address - 1 The $100 Laptop

9:10
N. P. Negroponte
MIT, USA
No abstract was submitted.
Keynote Address - 2 Future Trend of Broadband and Ubiquitous
9:50
Networks
T. Aoyama
Univ. Tokyo, Japan
In this talk, key technologies in photonic networks which enable to
convey huge amount of traffic are presented. There are three categories
of the key technologies for photonic networks which are high speed
DWDM optica transmission technologies, high throughput optical routing
and switching technologies and control technologies of optical
networking such as GMPLS. Broadband applications over such high
speed photonic networks are also shown.
----- Break -----
10:40 - 11:50
Invited Addresses
Co-Chairs
16
Y. Iimura, Program Vice-Chair

T. Miyashita, Program Vice-Chair
2005.11.02 18.15.06
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MICROLINE
Invited Address - 1 The Future of Mobile Multimedia

10:40
Communications
T. Horikoshi
NTT DoCoMo, Japan
The mobile phone has become an essential part of peoples daily lives
as the communications infrastructure for both voice and data. DoCoMos
3G service FOMA has solidified its position as the next-generation
infrastructure faster than expected. This paper introduces an overview of
wireless technology for mobile communication, and notes the
requirements of mobile phone display. Finally, we introduce the strategy
of reality communication that is based on audio, visual, and biological
information.
Invited Address - 2 Present State and Prospect of LED for Back
11:15
Light Module in Display Applications
S. Muguruma
Nichia, Japan
Today, a lot of type of back lighting is put to practical use, with LCD
technology. From last to this generation, CCFL has been used for a
standard lighting source for back lighting. In this generation, LED is
becoming a kind of major lighting source, especially for small size LCD
back lighting. With this presentation I try to explain about present status
of LED back lighting, also prospect of LED back lighting in near future.
----- Lunch -----
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Tuesday
December 6
Workshop on
LC Science and Technologies
Tuesday, December 6
13:30 - 15:00
Kagawa International Conference Hall
LCT1: New Materials for LCD Applications

Chair
Co-Chair
LCT1 - 1:
13:30
T. Uchida, Tohoku Univ., Japan

M. Ozaki, Osaka Univ., Japan
Invited Ferroelectric Particle/Liquid Crystal
Dispersions for Display Applications
J. West, C. Cheon*, A. Glushchenko**, F. Li
Kent State Univ., USA
*Hoseo Univ., Korea
**Univ. of Colorado, USA
We present a new method of modifying the properties of liquid crystals

by doping them with ferroelectric micro- and nanoparticles. In contrast to
the traditional time consuming and expensive chemical synthetic
methods these particle dispersion offer a simple means to enhance the
electro-optical performance of many liquid crystal materials. We
demonstrate that by changing the concentration and type of ferroelectric
particles we can substantially change the physical properties of nematic,
smectic, and cholesteric liquid crystal materials. We are able to increase
the dielectric constants, birefringence, phase transition temperatures,
and even the order parameter of the liquid crystal mixtures.
LCT1 - 2:
13:55
Invited Fast Electro-Optical Switching in PolymerStabilized Blue Phases

H. Kikuchi*,**, Y. Hisakado*, K. Uchida*, S. Hirata*,
Y. Haseba*,***, T. Nagamura*
*Kyushu Univ., Japan
**Solution Oriented Res. for Sci. & Tech., Japan
***Chisso, Japan
Blue phases, kinds of liquid crystal phases, have two major advantages
over commonly used nematic phases. First, the response is much faster.
Second, the zero-electric field state is optically isotropic unlike nematic
phases, that is, no surface treatment (no rubbing) is necessary, leading
to a simplification of the fabrication process. We demonstrate the
sufficiently large electric field-induced birefringence and the microsecond response of the polymer-stabilized blue phases without any
surface treatment.
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Tuesday
December 6
LCT1 - 3
14:20
Fabrication of Polymer Films with Micro Domains of

Uniformly Aligned Columnar Mesophase by the
Combination of Infrared and UV Photonic Processes
Y. Shimizu, H. Hori, H. Monobe, M. Heya*, K. Awazu*
AIST, Japan
*Osaka Univ., Japan
Micro-sized domains with the uniformity of molecular alignment of a

columnar liquid crystal with polymerizable groups were formed by
polarized infrared laser to excite the aromatic C-C stretching mode of
vibration. The following in-situ photopolymerization gave a polymer film
in which such newly formed domains of mesophase are maintained. The
domain structures were not be broken in a wider range of temperature,
indicating the combination of polarized infrared irradiation and UVphotopolymerization could provide functional polymer devices performing
electronic as well as optical functions in usage of highly ordered
mesophase materials.
LCT1 - 4
14:40
Carbon Nanotube-Doped Liquid Crystal Devices

C.-Y. Huang, C.-Y. Hu, H.-C. Pan, K.-Y. Lo*
Nat. Changhua Univ. of Education, Taiwan
*Nat. Chia Yi Univ., Taiwan
Electro-optical characteristics of carbon nanotube-doped liquid crystal

devices were investigated. The measured results reveal that anisotropic
carbon nano-solids modify the dielectric anisotropy and the viscosity of
the liquid crystal-carbon nanotube mixture, hence significantly modifying
the threshold voltage and the switching behavior of the liquid crystal
device. Doping a small amount of carbon nanotubes into the liquid
crystal mixture is effective in improving the electro-optical characteristics
of a LC device when the employed LC mixture is viscous.
----- Break -----
15:10 - 16:35
LCT2: Fast Responce LCDs

Chair
Co-Chair
LCT2 - 1:
15:10
J. West, Kent State Univ., USA

H. Yokoyama, AIST, Japan
Invited Progress of OCB-Mode LCDs and Their
Possibility in Future Application
T. Uchida
Tohoku Univ., Japan
Recently, large area liquid crystal television displays are progressed

rapidly using in VA and IPS modes. In this application high quality
property is required, and the optically compensated bend mode (OCBmode) appeared newly in the market as a TV display last year. In this
paper, the historical background of the OCB mode, its excellent
properties, the design method and the future application are discussed.
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Tuesday
LCT2 - 2
15:35
December 6
Bend State Stability with Dynamic Driving in the
OCB Panel
T. Kojima, T. Miyashita, T. Uchida, K. Nakao*,
H. Wakemoto*
Tohoku Univ., Japan
*Toshiba Matsushita Display Tech., Japan
OCB (Optically Compensated Bend) mode is promising for the LCD-TV

because of its significance such as fast response and wide viewing
angle. One of the important points of this mode is to stabilize the bend
state. We have clarified the difference of bend state stability between
static driving and dynamic driving. Furthermore, we enabled estimation
of bend stability from the physical constants of material.
LCT2 - 3
15:55
Fast Response No-Bias-Bend LCDs

F. S. Y. Yeung, Y. W. Li, H. S. Kwok
Hong Kong Univ. of Sci. & Tech., Hong Kong
Fast response No-Bias-Bend (NBB) Liquid Crystal Displays using nanotextured high pretilt angle alignment surfaces has been demonstrated.
Such alignment surfaces allow high pretilt angles of over 45o to be
fabricated reliably. This NBB-LCD has a rise time of 1.8ms and a fall
time of 80s. The average response time is less than 1ms.
LCT2 - 4
16:15
New Measurement Method of Three Viscosities of NType LC Using VA Mode Cells

T. Kishimoto, T. Miyashita*, Y. Kuratomi*, H. Yaginuma,
T. Ishinabe*, T. Uchida*
Aomori Pref. CREATE, Japan
*Tohoku Univ., Japan
We have already developed a novel method for measuring the three

viscosities of p-type nematic liquid crystals using a separate fitting
procedure (MVS-method). In another paper given at this conference, we
proposed a method that can be applied to n-type liquid crystals, in
which an initial bias voltage is applied. In this paper, we confirmed the
validity of our method experimentally.
----- Break -----
16:50 - 18:15
LCT3: LC Alignment Process

Chair
Co-Chair
20
H. Kikuchi, Kyushu Univ., Japan

H. Fujikake, NHK, Japan
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Tuesday
LCT3 - 1:
16:50
December 6
Invited Photo-Rubbing: A Practical Photo-Alignment
Solution
H. Yokoyama*,***, M. Kimura*,**
*AIST, Japan
**JSR, Japan
***NanoSys. Solutions, Japan
A novel photo-alignment scheme using normally incident periodically

intensity-modulated UV light has been developed and demonstrated to
efficiently yield a stable pretilt angle of nematic liquid crystals by single
exposure. The scheme, referred to as the photo-rubbing, consists in
unidirectional scan of the intensity-modulated UV light over the photoalignment film, which causes asymmetrical photo-reactions in the film.
We show here its suc-cessful application to multi-domain alignment
proc-essing. Thanks to the normal incidence, the photo-rubbing removes
the instrumental disadvan-tages of the conventional oblique incidence
technique, thereby providing a true practical solution for photoalignment.
LCT3 - 2
17:15
The Surface Energy of Polyimide Alignment Layer

after Ion-Beam-Alignment Process
J.-H. Jaw, Y.-H. Chen, K.-W. Wang, S.-F. Liu, H.-A. Li,
O. Sun, S.-T. Yang
Chunghwa Picture Tubes, Taiwan
It would result in the different surface energy on the polyimide alignment

layer with variant recipe of post treatment. In this study, the contact
angle of water of Recipe A is smallest due to the surface energy with
Recipe A is the minimum, and then the reaction ability of polyimide
alignment layer with Liquid Crystal and seal agent would be weak.
Therefore, better display performance could be obtained from the
Recipe A of post treatment.
LCT3 - 3
17:35
High Contrast Ratio In-Plane-Switching TFT-LCD

with Ion Beam Irradiated Polyimide Film as LC
Alignment Layer
T. Suzuki, J. Matsushima, Y. Sasaki, M. Sugimoto,
H. Tanaka*, C. Mizoguchi*, S. Onda, K. Mimura,
K. Sumiyoshi
NEC LCD Tech., Japan
*NEC Kagoshima, Japan
The ion beam irradiation technique has been studied as an LC

alignment process for some years. The anchoring strength is regarded
as an important issue with such a non-rubbing alignment technique. We
have evaluated the anchoring strength of ion beam irradiated polyimide
alignment layers with a method based on a non-elastic model to find the
optimum materials and conditions for the ion beam LC alignment
process. Our prototype of in-plane-switching TFT-LCD features a high
contrast ratio of 1200:1.
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Tue./Wed.
LCT3 - 4
17:55
December 6/7
Induction of Splay-to-Bend Transition Using Twist
Disclination Method for OCB-Mode LCDs
K. Kuboki, T. Miyashita, T. Ishinabe, T. Uchida
Tohoku Univ., Japan
Optically compensated bend (OCB) mode liquid crystal displays (LCDs),

which have fast response, require an initial transition from a splay
alignment to a bend alignment before operation. We clarified that the
twist disclination act as a nucleus of the transition and also clarified the
condition to form the nucleus. Based on this result, the transition was
successfully induced by forming the right- and left-handed twist
alignments by using partial rubbing treatment or micro protuberances.
Author Interviews
18:20 - 19:20
9:00 - 10:25
LCT4: LC Mode
Chair
Co-Chair
LCT4 - 1:
9:00
H. Okada, Toyama Univ., Japan

S. Kondoh, Citizen Watch, Japan
Invited Liquid Crystal Optical Security Device with
Polarized Latent Images
R. Yamaguchi, S. Sato
Akita Univ., Japan
Optical security devices using alignment patterned LC cells are

proposed. Latent images with continuous gray levels and high spatial
resolution can be optically written and erased by using one or two
polarizers. Two or three latent images can also be created in one guest
host mode LC cell. Moreover, the alignment patterned LC cell is utilized
as a key cell to visualize the latent information.
IMID / IDMC2006
Aug. 22 25, 2006
Daegu, Korea
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Wednesday
LCT4 - 2
9:25
December 7
An Optical Configuration of Super IPS LC Cell for
Symmetrically Wide Viewing Angle
J. H. Lee*,**, C. H. Oh*, W. R. Lee***, J. C. Kim**,
G. D. Lee***
*LG.Philips LCD, Korea
**Pusan Nat. Univ., Korea
***Dong-A Univ., Korea
In this paper we propose a novel optical configuration of the Super IPS

LC cell which exhibits wide viewing angle even in diagonal direction. In
addition, symmetrical wide viewing angle has been achieved by applying
splayed homogeneous LC alignment. The proposed optical configuration
consists of the splayed LC cell and uniaxial retarders, not biaxial films
because it would be very hard to provide uniformity in large size LC
display. The optical principle of the proposed configuration is explained
on the Poincare sphere and experimental result proves the improved
optical characteristics of the proposed configuration.
LCT4 - 3
9:45
Minimization of Dead Zone in a Transflective PVA LC

Cell
J. I. Baek, J. C. Kim, T.-H. Yoon
Pusan Nat. Univ., Korea
We propose an electrode structure for high bright-ness in a transflective

PVA LC cell. Disclination lines of the bright state are minimized so that
we obtained high light efficiency of the reflective part. By optimization of
parameters, we can match the driving voltages of the reflective mode
with that of the transmissive mode. The wide viewing angle property is
also achieved by using a compensation film.
LCT4 - 4L
10:05
Enhancement of the Performance of LCDs by

Doping the Nanoparticles of MgO: The Reduction of
Operating Voltage and Response Times Particularly
Delay Times and the Increase in the Optical
Throughput
S. Sano, T. Miyama*, Jun. Xu**, K. Takatoh***,
S. Kobayashi*
Ube Material Ind., Japan
*Tokyo Univ. of Sci. Yamaguchi, Japan
**Fudan Univ., China
***Toshiba Elect. Eng., Japan
LCDs, such as TN, ECB, and VAN-mode doped with the nanoparticles
of MgO exhibit the enhancement in their performance. As an example, a
TN-LCD doped with the nanoparticles of MgO (0.1wt%) exhibits the
reduction in the operation voltage by 26%, the reduction of the delay
time by 50%, and the increase in the optical throughput by 10 times
even at a low temperature, say at -10
----- Break -----
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MICROLINE
Wednesday
10:40 - 12:00
December 7
EP5/LCT5: Flexible LCD

Chair
Co-Chair
T. Nose, Akita Pref. Univ., Japan

Y. Toko, Stanley Elec., Japan
EP5/LCT5 - 1
10:40
Flexible Field-Sequential-Color FLC Displays Using a

Bendable Backlight Sheet with LED Chips
H. Fujikake, H. Sato, T. Murashige, Y. Fujisaki, H. Kikuchi,
T. Kurita
NHK, Japan
We have developed a flexible full color moving-image display using a

plastic-substrate-based monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC)
panel and a bendable backlight sheet with thin small LED chips. The
fabricated A4-sized FLC matrix panel with 96 x 64 image pixels was
laminated with the three-primary-color backlight sheet and optical
diffuser and spacer films, and was driven by an active matrix technique
using external switch transistor array based on a field-sequential-color
method.
EP5/LCT5 - 2
11:00
Improvement of Dichroic Polymer Dispersed Liquid

Crystal (PDLC) Performance for Flexible Display
Using Lift-off Technique
A. Masutani, T. Roberts, B. Schuller, A. Sakaigawa*,
A. Yasuda
Sony Deutschland GmbH, Germany
*Sony, Japan
The performance of dichroic sponge polymer dispersed liquid crystals

(SPDLC) display can be improved further by incorporating a lift-off
method using a substrate covered with a fluori-nated-organosilane. The
resulting cells achieve improved contrast, improved response time,
smaller switching voltages and better uniformity, compared with the
previously reported dichroic SPDLCs. The display exhibits near magazine-standard reflectivity and contrast ratio. Fur-thermore, the lift-off
method enables rubbing-free, low temperature, roll-to-roll processing
techniques. Such displays are suitable for flexible sol-vent-sensitive,
organic thin-film transistors (TFTs).
EP5/LCT5 - 3
11:20
Inkjet Printed Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Display

J. M. Ding, Y. A. Sha, L. P. Hsin, H. L. Wang, C. C. Liao,
Y. R. Lin, C. C. Lu, C. H. Chen, I. C. Chen
Ind. Tech. Res. Inst., Taiwan
The inkjet printing technology has been used to manufacture flexible

cholesteric liquid crystal displays. The displays are fabricated from top to
bottom by forming various functional layers on flexible substrates. Stable
cholesteric liquid crystal droplets are obtained and jetted to fill the pixel
areas by a piezoelectric drop-on-demand inkjet printer. Our technology
has provided a novel process to fabricate a flexible, bistable, and multicolor reflective display with single display medium layer.
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Wednesday
December 7
EP5/LCT5 - 4
11:40
Flexible Photoaligned Permanent Bistable TN-LCD

X. H. Li, F. S. Y. Yeung, V. G. Chigrinov, H. S. Kwok
Flexible Bistable Nematic Liquid Crystal Display (-BTN) based on

photo-alignment technology is developed on two 200m plastic
substrate. This display can be switched between and + twisted
states by means of breaking anchoring condition on one of the plastic
substrates. Low baking temperature of 100 is needed to avoid high
temperature distorting the substrates. The advantages of both
photoalignment and -BTN technologies, such as no contamination of
electrical charges and impurties, high contrast and bistability are shown.
----- Lunch -----
13:40 - 15:05
LCT6: Panel and Evaluation

Chair
Co-Chair
LCT6 - 1:
13:40
H. Seki, Hachinohe Inst. Tech., Japan

R. Yamaguchi, Akita Univ., Japan
Invited Low Power Consumption Displays Using
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal
S. Kondoh, A. Suguro, K. Noguchi, K. Iio, K. Ueda,
N. Takahashi, M. Fujino
Citizen Watch, Japan
Now, we require low power consumption instruments for environmental

conservation. So, We have been developing low power consumption
displays using ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLC) with memory effects. It is
difficult to get good alignment and memory effects by using ferroelectric
liquid crystal displays (FLCDs) with organic alignment films. But we get
good FLCDs with inorganic alignment films such as SiO or SiO2 in this
work. And we have developed FLCDs using plastic substrates with a
new spacer technique for flexible displays.
LCT6 - 2
14:05
Field-Sequential Color LCD Driven by Optimized

Method for Color Breakup Reduction
H. Yamakita, M. Sakai, Y. Taniguchi, J. Asayama, K. Adachi
Matsushita Elec. Ind., Japan
We have built a prototype 2.2 in. FSC-LCD using novel LC materials, in

order to optimize the driving method for color breakup reduction. The
method we applied is the way to insert the intermediate color among the
RGB periods. In this report, we propose an optimized driving method of
FSC-LCD for color breakup reduction and its influence into power
consumption.
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Wednesday
LCT6 - 3
14:25
December 7
10.4-in. Hybrid Color Reflective TFT-LCD
Y. Asao
Canon, Japan
This paper shows the 1st reflective hybrid color (HC) LCD with active
matrix driving. Color displaying method, prototype configuration and its
image output are discussed. The size is 10.4 inch and the resolution is
1536 lines in the horizontal direction by using mass-produced XGA
(1024x3x768) TFT panel, which is 1.5 times higher resolution than that
of the conventional RGB-CF method. This prototype can show the highresolution character and the natural photo image with sufficient quality in
the practical use.
LCT6 - 4
14:45
Cell Parameter Measurements of Vertical Alignment

Liquid Crystal Cells by Using Stokes Parameters
M. Kawamura, K. Sato, S. Sato
Akita Univ., Japan
We propose a two-dimensional (2D) measurement method for

determining cell parameters such as a cell thickness and pretilt angle in
a vertical alignment (VA) liquid crystal (LC) cell. The microscopic cell
parameter distributions can be obtained by measuring Stokes
parameters of the LC cell as changing an oblique angle of the incident
light upon the LC cell.
Author Interviews
17:30 - 18:30
15:00 - 17:00
Exhibition Hall
Poster LCTp1: LCD Mode

LCTp1 - 1
The Comparison between Characteristics of FringeField Switching Mode Using Positive & Negative LC
J. B. Park, H. Y. Kim, Y. H. Jeong, S. Y. Kim, Y. J. Lim
BOE TFT-LCD SBU, Korea
Under backlight spectrum considering real array and C/F substrate, we

found out optimal retardation and compared the chromaticity in positive
and negative LC. In both +LC and -LC, under rubbing direction, the
chromaticity changes little regardless of increase of retardation.
However, under observation making 45 regarding rubbing direction,
as d orn increases toward optimal retardation, the chromaticity shift is
weakened in +LC, while that is more significant in -LC.
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Wednesday
LCTp1 - 2
December 7
A Novel Color Hybrid Liquid Crystal Display
K. H. Liu, C. H. Chen, Y. A. Sha, J. S. Hsieh, C. C. Hsiao,
P. J. Su, C. Y. Lin, K. H. Chang, J. D. Chen, C. C. Huang,
S. Y. Fuh, H. L. Wang, Y. C. Chen, S. C. Jeng, Y. R. Lin,
C. C. Liao, J. W. Shiu
ERSO/ITRI, Taiwan
A novel hybrid LCD technology has been developed. By replacing a

glass color filter with a plastic color filter, a lighter and thinner hybrid
LCD can be obtained. A 4 QVGA prototype has been demonstrated. A
hybrid LCD can reduce 35% thickness and 36% weight compared with a
conventional LCD with 2 glass substrates. This technology can be a
good solution for portable display.
LCTp1 - 3
Electro-Optic Characteristics of Fringe-Field Driven

Transflective LCD with Dual Cell Gap
J. H. Song*, D. H. Lim*, J. B. Park*, M. S. Kim*,**,
Y. H. Jeong*,**, H. Y. Kim*, S. Y. Kim*, Y. J. Lim*, S. H. Lee**
*BOE TFT-LCD SBU, Korea
**Chonbuk Nat. Univ., Korea
We have fabricated transflective liquid crystal (LC) cell with dual cell gap
driven by fringe field using a nematic LC with positive dielectric
anisotropy and studied electro-optic characteristics of the cell. This LC
cell with optimized cell parameters shows low wavelength dispersion,
low power consumption and contrast ratio greater than 5 in polar angles
of over 50in all directions and over 80in certain azimuthal crosssectional planes in the reflective and transmissive parts.
LCTp1 - 4
Transflective LCD with Wide Viewing Angle and Low

Driving Voltage
I. Fukuda, Y. Sakurai, T. Nakata, Y. Sakamoto
Kanazawa Inst. of Tech., Japan
We investigated the numerical relationship between the electro-optical

properties and the on-voltage of a TFT-LCD, specifically the refractive
indices of retardation films in a transflective homogeneous- cell with two
biaxial retardation films, in order to reduce power consumption and
increase viewing angles. Our results show that the LCD produces an
achromatic high-quality image with wide viewing angles when the device
parameters and refractive indices of retardation films are optimized,
even when the on-voltage of the TFT-LCD is reduced to 2.0V.
LCTp1 - 5
Optical Configurations of Horizontal-Switching

Transflective LCDs in Double Cell Gap Structure
G. S. Lee, Y.-S. Kim*, W.-S. Kang*, I.-B. Kang*, J. C. Kim,
T.-H. Yoon
We propose optical configurations of horizontal-switching transflective

displays in double cellgap structure. All the configurations are designed
on the basis of wide-band quarter-wave structure so that they show
excellent spectral characteristics over the entire visible wavelengths
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Wednesday
LCTp1 - 6
December 7
Lateral Field Effect on Horizontal Switching in a
Bistable Chiral Splay Nematic Liquid Crystal Device
J. H. Choi, C. G. Jhun, C. P. Chen, H. Shin, J. C. Kim,
T.-H. Yoon
The splay and twist textures are used for the bistable state of a
bistable chrial splay nematic (BCSN) liquid crytal device. Each state can
be switched by applying a vertical or a horizontal electric field. In this
work, we investigated the effect of the lateral field on the transition from
the twist state to the splay state as we vary the amplitude and the pulse
width of the lateral field.
LCTp1 - 7
Study on Initial Setting Voltage and Response Time

of the Optically Compensated Splay Cell
S. M. Oh, B. S. Jung, J. Y. Hwang*, D. S. Seo*, S. H. Lee
Chonbuk Nat. Univ., Korea
*Yonsei Univ., Korea
Setting voltage and response time of the optically compensated splay

(OCS) cell have been studied as a function of surface pretilt angle.
Setting voltage decreases and response time becomes faster with
decreasing tilt angle. Further, we found that the liquid crystal domain
surrounded by air had OCS structure initially.
LCTp1 - 8
Dynamics of Locked Super Homeotropic Mode

Depending on Size and Shape of Patterned Polymer
Y. M. Jeon, S. H. Park, M.-H. Lee, J. M. Rhee, S. H. Lee
We have studied new vertically aligned liquid crystal mode for large size
liquid crystal display with wide viewing angle characteristics and fast
response time. Locked super homeotropic (LSH) mode, in which
vertically aligned LCs are locked by surrounding polymer walls such as
cubic, hexagonal and cylinder, has a simple fabrication process because
of no rubbing process and free from spacer. In the device, the LCs tilt
down symmetrically around the center of the cell with bias voltage and
thus, it exhibits wide viewing angle characteristics.
LCTp1 - 9
Color Switching in Liquid Crystal Display Using High

Dichroic Fluorescent Dyes
R. Yamaguchi*, K. Moriyama*, S. Sato*, X. Zhang**,
T. Thiemann**, S. Mataka**
*Akita Univ., Japan
**Kyushu Univ., Japan
Color switching properties in fluorescent liquid crystal displays (LCDs)

are improved by using high dichroic fluorescent dyes of which dichroic
ratio is about 9. A fluorescent homogeneous and twisted nematic (TN)
LC cells are stacked and the voltage is applied to the TN cell. The
fluorescent color can continuously be changed from the color of TN cell
to that of homogenous cell with high chroma.
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Wednesday
LCTp1 - 10L
December 7
Optically Rewriteable LC Display with a High
Contrast and Long Life Time
A. Murauski, V. Chigrinov, X. Li, H.S. Kwok
We propose an optically rewriteable TN LC display. TN LCD does not

require an electronic scheme, a power supplier, conductive layers inside
devices, which provides a possibility to use this type display in plastic
cards, registration and other systems. We discuss the construction and
methods of a rewriting image in optically rewriteable LC display with a
high contrast and a long life time.
LCTp1 - 11L
An Alternative OCB Mode with Reverse-WavelengthDispersion Quarter Wave Plate

C. P. Chen, C. G. Jhun, S. R. Lee, T.-H. Yoon, J. C. Kim,
J. D. Noh*, D. H. Suh*, J. Y. Lee*
*BOE HYDIS Tech., Korea
An alternative optically compensated bend (OCB) liquid crystal display

featuring reverse-wavelength-dispersion (RD) quarter wave plate (QWP)
is to be presented. The application of this newly developed birefringent
plate significantly simplifies the existing structure for wide-viewing OCB
mode. Simulated results manifest its standout performance in
comparison with other counterparts.
LCTp1 - 12L
Study on the Effects of Step-Coverage Structure for

Parasitic Capacitances
M. S. Jung*,*, D. W. Kim*,**, T. Won*,**, H. J. Yoon**,**,
C. S. Lee**,**, S. I. Yoon**,**, S. H. Yoon**,**
*Inha Univ., Korea
**Sanayi Sys., Korea
In this paper, we report the influences of the step-coverage on the

effective capacitances in LC cell. In this work, we have analyzed the
conventional TN mode LC cell by using the numerical simulator,
TechWiz LCD. In order to calculate effective capacitances, the energy
method is used. As a result, we found that the step-coverage structure
causes the parasitic capacitance between the data line and the pixel
electrode to be about 18 times as large as the parasitic capacitance
resulted from a normal planar structure.
LCTp1 - 13L
Color Switching in Bistable Ferroelectric LCDs

P. Z. Xu, S. Valyukh*, X. H. Li, V. Chigrinov
*Dalarna Univ., Sweden
Memorizable color switching in bistable ferroelectric liquid crystal

displays for transmissive mode is studied. Optimal configuration
parameters with retardation film taken into account are obtained in
simulation. Prototype cells with memorized color are fabricated
accordingly based on the simulation results, which agree well with
theoretical results and show very good quality.
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Wednesday
LCTp1 - 14L
December 7
Simulation of Wide Viewing Angle Characteristic in
Simple Mode LCD using Different Rubbing Direction
D.-W. Kim
Inha Univ., Korea
*Sanayi Sys., Korea
In this paper, we propose an idea to implement multi-domain technology

in two simple mode cells. In order to implement multi domain, we
designed a VA and ECB mode cell which has different rubbing
directions in unit cell. Optical characteristics are calculated by a
numerical simulator(TechWiz LCD) and compared with that of PVA
mode. The simulation results revealed that the proposed cells have wide
viewing angle characteristic exactly like that of PVA mode.
15:00 - 17:00
Exhibition Hall
Poster LCTp2: LCD Alignment

LCTp2 - 1
A Plastic Color TN-LCD Using a Photo Alignment

Method
K. Maruyama, Y. Ono, Y. Suzuki*, T. Ikariya
TRADIM, Japan
*Dainippon Ink & Chems., Japan
We have successfully developed a plastic color twisted nematic liquid

crystal display (TN-LCD) using a photo-alignment (PA) method. The
plastic color TN-LCD is very thinner and lighter than glass TN-LCDs. We
can drive it as a multiplexed TN-LCD of 1/5 duty. Moreover, we carried
out continuous coating with azo dye solution on a plastic substrate and
continuous PA treatment. It is confirmed that LC alignment on a plastic
substrate is possible under continuous processes.
LCTp2 - 2
Improvement of Liquid Crystal Electric-Characteristic

by Plasma Beam Alignment
C. Y. Lee, P. C. Liu, C. W. Chen, H. C. Tang, S. Lin,
Y. Chang, W. T. Hsien, Y. J. Shih, J. M. Chen, C. D. Lee
The plasma beam alignment (PBA) was treated by a sheet-like flux of

accelerated plasma generated from anode layer thruster (ALT). PI and
DLC film were treated in anisotropic plasma beam with ALT and
conventional rubbing process. We can observe smoothly geometry on
the surface by plasma beam treated and scratch surface by mechanical
rubbing. Furthermore, we can reach the high voltage holding ratio
(VHR), low residual direct current (Rdc) and good anchoring energy by
the plasma beam treatment.
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Wednesday
LCTp2 - 3
December 7
Study on the Influence of Rubbing on the MultiDomain Ch-LCD
Z. Jun, L. Qing, F. Weitao, T. Yongming, W. Baoping
Southeast Univ., China
The technology of rubbing is one of important methods to form the

multi-domain structure in the reflective cholesteric liquid crystal display.
We have studied the influence of the pile impression, the rotation
frequency and the roller transport velocity on the phase transition
voltage of the CHLCD respectively. The results of the experiments
showed that a gentle pile impression with a small rotation frequency and
a fast roller transport velocity can achieve a low phase transition voltage
of the multi-domain CHLCD.
LCTp2 - 4
New Photo-Alignment Technology Using Azo-Dye

Materials
S.-J. Liu, J.-R. Zhang, Z.-H. Ling
Chinese Ac. of Sci., China
This paper describes a new photo-alignment technology using polyimide

and azo-dye materials. We study the alignment performance of this new
material called SY04, which contains two azo groups. In order to
improve stability of the photo-aligned film, a sort of PI material is mixed.
A fast response performance and a good electro-optical performance
are acquired. These alignment materials can provide good thermostability and is stable under weak UV irradiation as well.
LCTp2 - 5L
Vertical Alignment of Liquid Crystal on a-SiOx Thin

Film Surface by the Ion Beam Exposure
P. K. Son, S. S. Cha, J. H. Seo, S. P. Lee, J. C. Kim,
T.-H. Yoon, S. J. Rho*, B. K. Jeon*, K. H. Kim*
*Samsung Elect., Korea
Liquid crystal can be aligned vertically by the rotational oblique

evaporation of a-SiOx thin films. However, switching behavior of liquid
crystal along random directions will result in disclination lines when an
electric field is applied. By using the ion beam exposure, we can
achieve uniform vertical alignment without disclination lines. We can
control the pretilt angle by changing ion beam parameters, such as the
ion beam energy, the incident angle, and the exposure time. An
excellent electro-optic switching behavior of an ion beam aligned liquid
crystal cell was observed with the oblique ion beam exposure on a SiOx
thin film surface.
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Wednesday
December 7
15:00 - 17:00
Exhibition Hall
Poster LCTp3: Materials

LCTp3 - 1
Novel Glass-Forming Liquid Crystals Containing

Acrylic Acid Trimer Core Unit for Optical Films
S. Nakanishi*,**, Y. Fujimura**, M. Ueda***
*Japan Chem. Innovation Inst., Japan
**Nitto Denko, Japan
***Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Japan
To provide uniformly aligned liquid-crystalline (LC) films, novel

amorphous medium molecular mass nematic LCs have been developed.
The nematic LCs consist of acrylic acid trimer as a core structure and
mesogenic moiety. The re-sulting materials showed nematic LC phase
and vitrified to form monodomain films at room tem-perature. This glassy
LCs miscible with a chiral photochromic dopant, providing monodomain
aligned defect free cholesteric reflection films, which color is tunable by
UV-irradiation.
LCTp3 - 2
Physico-Chemical Properties of Compounds Having

a Lactone Moiety at the Terminal Position
Y. Morita, K. Era, H. Okamoto, S. Takenaka
Yamaguchi Univ., Japan
This paper describes physico-chemical properties of new liquid crystal

materials having a lactone moiety such as chromen-2-one and 3,4 dihydrochromen-2-one at the terminal position. All compounds show a
large dielectric anisotropy (), and these results suggest that the
terminal lactone group such as chromen-2-one and 3,4-dihydrochromen2-one are useful components for enhancing positive . The effect of
terminal group will be discussed in terms of the chemical and
electrostatic properties of the molecules.
LCTp3 - 3
Effects of Carbon Nanotubes on Electro-Optic

Characteristics of TN-LC Cells
S. Y. Jeon, K. A. Park*, I.-S. Baik, K. H. An*, J. Choi,
S. H. Lee, Y. H. Lee*
*Sungkyunkwan Univ., Korea
Twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal (LC) cells doped by carbon

nanotubes (CNTs) with various concentrations have been fabricated and
their electro-optic characteristics have been studied. No significant
difference in voltage-dependent transmittance curves between pure and
CNT-doped LC cell is not observed. Nevertheless, CNT-doped LC cells
show reduced residual DC and improved response time. Introducing
CNTs in a LC cell may affect the physical properties of LC.
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Wednesday
LCTp3 - 4L
December 7
Phase Transition and Piezoelectric Effect of the
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal
Y. Liu, Y. Yang, G. Xu
Chinese Ac. of Sci., China
The characteristic of phase transition and structure of the ferroelectric

liquid crystal material were investigated. The relation between the
temperature and the piezoelectric constant of ferroelectric liquid crystal
was designed on the basis of the test theory to test the piezoelectric
constant. The relation between and f was also studied.
LCTp3 - 5L
Novel Ag Alloy for a Reflector of Transflective LCD

H. N. Yum, J. S. Kim, J. H. Kim, S. H. Cho
Samsung Elect., Korea
We demonstrated the application of Ag-Mo alloy to a reflector of a

transflective LCD. Pure Ag had been considered as promising material
to replace a conventional material, Al-alloy. Due to discoloration and
reflectance degradation, however, Ag could not have been widely used.
In this paper, it is presented that Ag-Mo alloy shows higher reflectance
than that of Al-alloy, and the optimized TFT fabrication process enables
one to overcome the limitations of Ag in real process.
LCTp3 - 6L
Molecular Dynamics in a Series of Halogen

Compounds Exhibiting Smectic B Phases
A. C. Ribeiro*,**, L. Gon a lves*,***, P. J. Sebastio*,**,
L. Oswald****, D. Guillon****
*Centro de Fsica da Matria Condensada, Portugal
**Instituto Superior T cni Departamento de Fsica,
Portugal
***Faculdade de Cincias e Tecnologia, Portugal
****IPCMS, France
The molecular dynamics in a series of halogen liquid crystals exhibiting

smectic B phases is presented. Standard and fast field cycling NMR
techniques were used to obtain the proton spin-lattice relaxation
dispersion over a broad frequency range. The results are analyzed is
terms of potential contributions of different molecular motions. At high
frequency the relaxation is dominated by rotations/reorientations while
translational self-diffusion is dominant at low frequencies. The results
clearly reflect the influence of the terminal halogen elements atomic
weight.
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Wednesday
December 7
15:00 - 17:00
Exhibition Hall
Poster LCTp4: Optical Design and Measurement

LCTp4 - 1
Optical Design of Tunable Liquid Crystal Color Filter

Y. Sato*, T. Ishinabe**, T. Uchida**, H. Seki*,***
*Hachinohe Inst. of Tech., Japan
**Tohoku Univ., Japan
***Aomori Pref. CREATE, Japan
The wavelength tunable liquid crystal color filter is developed for the
image analysis. The control of the transmitted spectrum is realized by
introducing the new design concept. It is clarified that the compensation
of the dispersion property in liquid crystal is possible by usual
retardation film.
LCTp4 - 2
Improvement in Viewing Angle Properties of IPSLCDs Using a Negative A-Plate

S. Suzuki, N. Obara*, Y. Iimura
Tokyo Univ. of A&T, Japan
*Tosoh, Japan
For reducing an intrinsic light leakage occurring in crossed polarizers at

oblique incident angles, we have studied the optical compensation for
crossed polarizers using a negative A-plate. Computer simulations tell us
that, comparing with the case for a positive A-plate, the use of a
negative A-plate is more effective to reduce the light leakage, which is
also confirmed by the experimental results. A negative A-plate is also
applied to improve a dark state of an IPS-LCD, and the effectiveness of
the film on the optical compensation is clarified.
LCTp4 - 3
Effects of Various Parameters of Discotic

Compensation Films on Viewing Angle Properties in
OCB-LCD
I. Fukuda, T. Nakata, Y. Sakurai, Y. Sakamoto
We investigated the effects of various parameters of discoticcompensation films on viewing-angle properties in an OCB-LCD. We
verified that wide viewing angles greater than 80
(CR>50) could be
obtained by optimizing the retardation and refractive indices of the
discotic-compensation film, as long as the films molecular alignment
normalized at the thickness and that of liquid crystal layer in the black
state are almost the mirror symmetry.
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Wednesday
LCTp4 - 4
December 7
Order Parameters of Liquid Crystals on Dual Easy
Axes Substrate
C.-Y. Huang, Y.-S. Huang, J.-R. Tian
Nat. Changhua Univ. of Education, Taiwan
This work reports the measurement of the effective order parameter of

liquid crystals on the dual easy axes substrate. The effective order
parameter of liquid crystals is determined from the polarized ultraviolet
absorption of host-guest liquid crystals in a wedge cell. Experimental
findings indicate that the ratio of the rubbing strengths in the two
rubbing directions and the cell thickness substantially affect the effective
order parameter of the liquid crystal molecules. The energetic
competition between the surface anchoring in the two rubbing directions
contributes to the observed results.
LCTp4 - 5
Measurement of Surface Order Parameter of Liquid

Crystal Cell Using Phase Transition Droplet Method
S.-J. Oh, E. Kisara, K. Kuboki, T. Miyashita, T. Uchida
Tohoku Univ., Japan
The surface order parameter can be measured by observing the contact

angle between an isotropic phase or nematic phase droplet and the
polymer substrate at the nematic-isotropic phase transition temperature.
We discuss the relationship between the surface order parameter and
the droplet contact angle measuring the three-dimensional order
parameter using infrared light absorbance and measuring the
birefringence of the liquid crystal on the polymer surface. Based on the
result, we established a new model of the droplet contact angle.
LCTp4 - 6
Theoretical Approaches for Measurement of Three

Viscosities of N-Type Liquid Crystals
Y. Kuratomi, T. Miyashita, T. Kishimoto*, T. Ishinabe,
T. Uchida
Tohoku Univ., Japan
*Aomori Pref. CREATE, Japan
We proposed a method for measuring three viscosities 1, 1 and 2 of

p-type nematic liquid crystals using dynamic retardation properties of
ECB cells and tried to apply this method to n-type nematic liquid
crystals. However, we found that a twist alignment appeared at the
voltage-on state in VA cells, which became a severe problem for the
viscosity measurement. In this paper, we propose a solution that
involves applying initial bias voltage to the VA cells from theoretical
analysis.
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Wednesday
LCTp4 - 7
December 7
Raman Spectral Study of Polymer Alignment
Behaviors with Molecular Switching of Ferroelectric
Liquid Crystal
T. Murashige, H. Fujikake, H. Sato, H. Kikuchi, T. Kurita
NHK, Japan
We clarified that molecular alignment of polymers dispersed in

ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) moved under switching behaviors of the
FLC using polarization Raman spectral microscopy. The polymer
alignment change became large with the increase in the FLC switching
angle. Polymer de-formations with the alignment change is thought to be
useful for improving the switching angle and a threshold voltage of the
FLC although the FLC switching behavior is suppressed by the polymer.
LCTp4 - 8L
New Method for Determination of Liquid Crystal

Polar Anchoring Energy from Reflective
Measurement
A. Murauski, V. Chigrinov
HKUST, Hong Kong
Liquid crystal (LC) polar anchoring energy was measured directly by

determination of LC pretilt angle on the alignment surface analyzing the
light reflected from the test cell. The LC cells with the cell gap less than
5 m with homogeneous and twist configuration were used in
measurements.
LCTp4 - 9L
Practical Pretilt Angle and Gap Measurement Method

for Vertically Aligned Cells
T. Nishioka, T. Satake, T. Kurata, Y. Maeda*, M. Kaneko*,
T. Maehara*
Mitsubishi Elec., Japan
*Meiryo Technica, Japan
We have developed a practical pretilt angle and gap measurement

method for vertically aligned cells based on the crystal rotation method
using a polarization microscope. The errors due to measurement point
shift and undesired alignment near a protrusion can be avoided.
Moreover, transmittance anisotropy in oblique incidence is compensated
without refractive indices of substrate layers.
LCTp4 - 10L
High Sensitivity Pretilt Angle Measurement of

Reflective Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells
S. J. Hwang, M. H. Hsu, H. H. Yu*, J. H. Lin
Nat. United Univ., Taiwan
*Nat. Formosa Univ., Taiwan
A simple method for determining surface tilt angle of reflective liquid

crystal (RLC) displays was proposed based on the common-path
heterodyne interferometer and the modified crystal rotation configuration.
The phase retardation -extremum technique was used to measure the
pretilt angle for the planar LC cell.
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Wednesday
LCTp4 - 11L
December 7
Liquid Crystal Analysis System (LCAS) -Complete
LC Measurement in under One MinuteM. Wand, A. Januszko*, P. Kaszynski*
LC Vision, USA
*Vanderbilt Univ., USA
LCDs for computer and television applications have shown a dramatic

increase in demand in the last few years. Testing of commercial nematic
LCs in an LCD production line, as well as design of new LCs for
improved displays is critical for fast development. A Powerful and yet
simple to use instrument, the LCAS-2, has been developed for the quick
and accurate measurement of almost all electrical and optical LC
properties in under one minute, and will be described in detail.
15:00 - 17:00
Exhibition Hall
Poster LCTp5: Novel Devices

LCTp5 - 1
Withdrawn
LCTp5 - 2
Transflective Spatial Filter Based on Azo-Dye-Doped

Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Films
T.-H. Lin, Y.-G. Fuh
Nat. Cheng Kung Univ., Taiwan
This work demonstrates the feasibility of exploiting the photoisomerization effect in azo-dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystal films
(DDCLC) with a concomitant decline of the phase transition temperature
from the cholesteric to an isotropic phase (TCh-I) as a spatial filter. Highand low-pass images in the Fourier optical signal process can be
simultaneously observed via reflected and transmitted signals,
respectively.
LCTp5 - 3
Holographic Imaging Device Having Polarization

Selectivity Using Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal
A. Ogiwara, K. Kameda
Takamatsu Nat. College of Tech., Japan
Holographic imaging device having the dominant polarization

dependence has developed using a spatial light modulator (SLM) based
on H-PDLC technique. The output image from the SLM is recorded in
the device based on the alignment of liquid crystal molecules with
internal grating structures. The device can offer the rigorous treatment of
image information in security applications.
LCTp5 - 4L
Optical Switch Based on Nematic Liquid Crystals

A. Muravsky, V. Chigrinov
The switching possibilities of nematic liquid crystal mixtures were

investigated. The bypass optical switcher based on two nematic liquid
crystal cells with a switching time less than 0.2ms was demonstrated.
37
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Wednesday
December 7
Supporting Organizations:
LC Physics and Condensed Matter Forum, JLCS
Chemistry and LC Material Forum, JLCS
Liquid Crystal Display Forum, JLCS
LC Photonics and Optical Device Forum, JLCS
Soft Matter Forum, JLCS
Molecular-Alignment Electronics Forum, JLCS
Technical Group on Information Display, ITE
Technical Committee on Electronic Information Displays, Electronics
Society, IEICE
Technical Committee on Electron Devices, Electronics Society, IEICE
IDRC
Sept. 18 21, 2006
Kent State University
OH, U.S.A.
Outstanding
Poster Paper Awards
Friday, December 9
12:20 13:30
(after Takamatsu Festival)
Tamamo (3F),
38
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Tuesday
December 6

Tuesday, December 6
13:30 - 14:45
AMD1: LC-TV
Chair
Co-Chair
AMD1 - 1:
13:30
J. Jang, Kyung Hee Univ., Korea

M. Tsumura, Future Vision, Japan
Invited Technology Trend for High Quality Display
Image of LC-TV
Y. Yamada, N. Kimura, Y. Ishii
Sharp, Japan
Recently, replacement from CRTs to FPDs has occurred rapidly,

because of permeation of the digital broadcasting. Among FPDsLCDs
are most promising display device to satisfy the image quality for
television. In this paper technologies for improving image quality such as
response time, viewing angle and contrast ratio are presented.
AMD1 - 2:
13:55
Invited Nano Science of AFFS Technology for

Ubiquitous Personal Devices and LCD-TVs
K. H. Lee, I. C. Park, K. H. Park, S. J. Jang, S. K. Lee,
Y. J. Lim
BOE HYDIS Tech., Korea
Since the fringe field switching (FFS) technology was proposed in 1996,
in recent, the AFFS have become the best leading technology over 70%
shares in tablet PC region. AFFS have shown the competitive features
such as a high transmittance ratio over 95%~130% to TN, a power
saving of 30% to TN mode, a high contrast ratio over 700 ~ 1000:1, an
ultra low reflectance under 0.5% in outdoor, a free of color shift under
0.02 RGBWxy) in the single domain and an unlimited viewing angle
respectively.
over 180180
AMD1 - 3:
14:20
Invited
Spectrum Sequential LC-TV
M. J. J. Jak, J. J. L. Hoppenbrouwers, F. J. Vossen,

O. Belik, G. J. Hekstra
Philips Res. Labs., The Netherlands
We have built a Spectrum Sequential LCD. It is equipped with a

backlight with two types of fluorescent lamps with different phosphor
coatings that alternately illuminate a regular LCD panel with RGB colour
filters. In this way a display with 6 primary colours is obtained, having a
wider colour gamut than the conventional panel. Since high brightness
desaturated colours, such as white, can be made in both frames, colour
break-up can be avoided.
----- Break -----
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Tuesday
December 6
15:00 - 16:10
AMD2: Large Area Display Applications

Chair
Co-Chair
AMD2 - 1:
15:00
M. J. J. Jak, Philips Res. Labs., The Netherlands

T. Sunata, Philips Mobile Display Syss., Japan
Invited Widegamut LCD Monitor Using LED
Backlight
H. Kaneko, S. Kagawa, J. Someya, H. Tanizoe, H. Sugiura
Authors have successfully developed wide color gamut liquid crystal

display using LED backlight. We have tried some approaches for
backlight system, in each case, we achieved a high performance.
AMD2 - 2:
15:25
Invited
Medical Display Outlook
F. Hayashiguchi
Int. Display Tech., Japan
The TFT-LCD becomes more Medical Doctors choice for Medical

Imaging Applications compare to the legacy imaging devices.
International Display Technology Co., Ltd. made a long-term progress in
the past several years by providing multiple display products.The special
requirements for the medical imaging displays and its solutions or
remained problems based on current technology state will be covered.
AMD2 - 3
15:50
A-Si TFT Off-Current Analysis for Flat-Panel X-Ray

Detector
A. Kinno, M. Ikeda, M. Atsuta, S. Uchikoga
Toshiba, Japan
The characteristics of the TFT array for the flat-panel x-ray image
detector have been improved by studying the uniformity and the
temporal variation of the TFT off-current. The top gate structure was
examined and found to be more effective than the bottom gate structure
for evaluating the Vth shift due to charged impurities in the array from
electrostatic analysis and the top gate TFT evaluation. By using the top
gate structure evaluation we have improved the uniformity and the
temporal variation of the TFT characteristics and realized excellent
quality x-ray detector image.
----- Break -----
16:40 - 18:10
AMD3: Emerging TFT Technologies

Chair
Co-Chair
40
Y. Yamada, Sharp, Japan

H. Hamada, Sanyo Elec., Japan
2005.11.02 18.18.25
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MICROLINE
Tuesday
AMD3 - 1:
16:40
December 6
Invited High Performance FET Using Transparent
Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor as Channel Layer
on Plastic Substrate
H. Hosono*,**, K. Nomura**, T. Kamiya*,**
*Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Japan
**ERATO-SORST, JST, Japan
We report the room temperature fabrication of transparent and flexible

thin film transistors (TFTs) using an amorphous oxide semiconductor
(AOS) in an In2O3-ZnO-Ga2O3 system on a polyethylene terephthalate
thin film substrate. These transistors exhibit a field effect mobility of ~10
cm2(Vs)-1, which is higher by an order of magnitude than that of
amorphous Si:H and pentacene, and a high chemical stability in an
ambient atmosphere.
AMD3 - 2:
17:05
Invited
TFT Arrays for Biosensing Applications
P. Estrela, A. G. Stewart, S. D. Keighley, F. Yan,

P. Migliorato
Univ. of Cambridge, UK
Biotechnology is in great need of low-cost intelligent biochips for

massive parallel detection of biomolecular interactions, using portable
instrumentation. One way this may be achieved is to exploit mature
semiconductor technologies for the development of biosensor arrays.
New detection mechanisms have been developed using field effect
devices such as MOS capacitors and TFTs. Examples will be given on
the application of such devices for the detection of pH, enzymatic
reactions, DNA hybridization and protein interactions.
AMD3 - 3
17:30
Flexible Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Transistors

J. P. Novak, R. L. Fink, Z. Yaniv
Appl. Nanotech, USA
We describe the use of a carbon nanotube thin-film transistor (CNTTFT) on flexible substrates to operate an LCD pixel. CNT-TFTs were
constructed on polyimide as a random network conductive film. This film
electronically behaves as a p-type semiconducting film with superior
performance when compared to other low-temperature semiconducting
materials used on plastic substrates. The CNT-TFTs are used to switch
on and off a LCD pixel and modulate an LED.
AMD3 - 4
17:50
Artificial Retina Using Thin-Film Photodiodes and

Thin-Film Transistors
M. Kimura, T. Shima, T. Okuyama*, S. Utsunomiya*,
W. Miyazawa*, S. Inoue*, T. Shimoda*
Ryukoku Univ., Japan
*Seiko Epson, Japan
An artificial retina using thin-film photodiodes and thin-film transistors

(TFTs) is proposed, which is expected to be suitable for living bodies
and to be low emission and low cost. The characteristics of a thin-film
photodiode and TFTs are evaluated. A retina circuit is shown and
simulated with a photodiode and TFT model to verify that it can work.
The edge enhancement is also confirmed.
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Tue./Wed.
December 6/7
Author Interviews
18:20 - 19:20
9:00 - 10:25
EP4/AMD4: Active Matrix Electronic Paper

Chair
Co-Chair
T. Asano, Kyushu Inst. of Tech., Japan

H. Kawai, Seiko Epson, Japan
EP4/AMD4 - 1: Invited Rollable Active-Matrix Electronic-Paper

9:00
Displays
H. E. A. Huitema, G. H. Gelinck, E. van Veenendaal,
P. J. G. van Lieshout, F. J. Touwslager
Philips Tech. Incubator, The Netherlands
A 100m thick QVGA active-matrix display integrated into a functional
device prototype is presented. The active-matrix is composed of
alternating layers of organic materials and gold. A 6-mask
photolithographic process is used. An electrophoretic electronic imaging
film is laminated on top of the active matrix. The display is bendable to a
radius of 7.5mm for more than 30.000 times.
EP4/AMD4 - 2: Invited Rapid Switching in Multiple Color Active
9:25
Matrix Driven Electrowetting Displays
B. J. Feenstra, R. A. Hayes, R. van Dijk, R. G. Boom,
M. M. H. Wagemans, I. G. J. Camps, A. Giraldo,
B. van der Heijden
We present the attractive properties of our active matrix driven
electrowetting displays. For the first time, we show all ingredients
required for realizing video-speed, full-color displays. Two color
architectures are presented: a single-layer display that has an improved
optical and power performance at a lower projected cost compared to
LCDs and a triple-layer display that has a revolutionary optical
performance. We demonstrate the fast switching of the electrowetting
technology by showing video content on a 170 ppi resolution display.
42
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Wednesday
December 7
EP4/AMD4 - 3
9:50
Manufacturing Flexible High Information Content

S. E. Burns, K. Reynolds, W. Reeves, I. P. Johnson,
B. H. Pui, M. Banach, T. Brown, K. Chalmers, N. Cousins,
P. Cain, M. Etchells, C. Hayton, K. Jacobs, S. Markham,
S. Orchard, A. Menon, P. Too, S. Siddique, C. Ramsdale,
J. Herod, K. Saynor, J. Watts, T. von Werne, J. Mills,
C. J. Curling, H. Sirringhaus, K. Amundson*,
M. D. McCreary*
Plastic Logic, UK
*E Ink, USA
We present a manufacturing process for flexible high information content

active matrix backplanes compatible with low cost plastic substrates.
Transistor performance, feature sizes and electrode conductivities of this
process have been specified to enable 800x600 pixel displays at 100
pixels per inch (PPI), driving grey scale electrophoretic media. Here we
report on early results showing this displays operation. This process has
been developed on a 350mmx350mm Prototype Line. It is scalable to
larger display sizes and higher PPI, and will enable a wide range of
flexible display products.
EP4/AMD4 - 4L 100-m-Thick, High-Resolution Rollable AM-EPD
10:10
T. Kodaira, S. Hirabayashi, Y. Komatsu, S. Utsunomiya,
M. Miyasaka, H. Kawai, S. Nebashi, S. Inoue, T. Shimoda,
T. Whitesides*, S. Patry*, M. McCreary*
Seiko Epson, Japan
*E Ink, USA
We have developed a paper-thin 100-m-thick, high-resolution (192 ppi,)
2.1-inch QVGA flexible active-matrix electrophoretic display (AM-EPD).
The TFT backplane with integrated peripheral driver circuits was first
fabricated on a glass substrate and then transferred to a very thin (30m) plastic film by employing Surface Free Technology by Laser
Ablation / Annealing (SUFTLA ). An imaging sheet provided by E Ink
Corporation was laminated on the backplane. Fine images were
successfully displayed on the rollable AM-EPD.
----- Break -----
10:40 - 12:05
OLED4/AMD5: Active Matrix OLED

Chair
Co-Chair
B. J. Feenstra, Philips Res. Labs., The Netherlands

R. Hattori, Kyushu Univ., Japan
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Wednesday
December 7
OLED4/AMD5 - 1: Invited Development of Full Color Double Sided

10:40
Active Matrix OLED
C.-W. Ko, S.-H. Hu, S.-H. Li, T.-H. Hsiao, K.-S. Lee,
C.-J. Chen, J.-H. Chen, J.-J. Lih
AU Optronics, Taiwan
A 1.5-inch full color double sided AMOLED has been developed. The
typical sub-pixel area is divided into two regions, which are designed for
top-emission and bottom-emission structures. With the novel array
design, independent images on both sides of the panel can be
controlled by only one IC driver. Superior performance of the double
sided AMOLED such as high color saturation and good power efficiency
were achieved. Very thin form factor and light weight with capability of
showing two independent images on both sides make the double sided
AMOLED an excellent candidate for cell phone application.
OLED4/AMD5 - 2
11:05
7-in. WVGA AM-OLED Display with Color Filter on

Array (COA) and Pixel Compensation Technology
D.-Z. Peng, C.-H. Tseng, S.-C. Chang, P.-H. Yeh,
H.-L. Hsu, Y.-M. Tsai
Toppoly OptoElect. Taiwan, Taiwan
We have developed a 7-inch WVGA full-color AM-OLED display with

technology of color filter on array (COA) and pixel compensation circuit.
To prevent precision mask misalignment issues, high efficiency white
OLED with COA was applied for higher resolution. In addition, a pixel
circuit which compensates both the TFT variations as well as EL power
voltage drop was proposed to improve the uniformity on the panel. With
these technologies, a large-size and high-resolution OLED display could
be achieved.
OLED4/AMD5 - 3
11:25
Novel Voltage-Sensing and Voltage-Programming

Method for Large-Size and High-Resolution AMOLED Panels
H.-J. In, P.-S. Kwag, J.-S. Kang, O.-K. Kwon, H.-K. Chung*
Hanyang Univ, Korea
*Samsung SDI, Korea
A novel voltage-sensing and voltage-programming method is proposed

for large-size and high-resolution AMOLED panels. The proposed
method successfully compensates the threshold voltage and mobility
variations of poly-Si TFTs throughout a large-size panel and overcomes
the problem of charging a data line. The HSPICE simulation results
show that the maximum emission current error for 30-inch full HDTV
applications is less than 1.86%, when the mobility variation and the
threshold voltage variation are +12.5% and +0.3V, respectively.
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Wednesday
December 7
OLED4/AMD5 - 4
11:45
New Current Compensation Theory in AM-OLED

Pixel Circuit by Employing Voltage-Scaled
Programming Method
W.-J. Nam, J.-H. Lee, S.-M. Han, H.-J. Lee, M.-K. Han
Seoul Nat. Univ., Korea
For the first time, we propose a new voltage-scaled programming pixel

circuit of AMOLED displays. Data voltages are scaled-down by the
capacitive-coupling of off-transition of the scan signal. The proposed
scheme of data voltage modulation contributes to scale down the VTH
variation of the poly-Si TFT. The input range of data voltages is scaled
up and the data addressing errors due to the clock feed-through of the
scan signal are also reduced. Finally, IOLED is compensated and the
uniform current is successfully controlled.
----- Lunch -----
13:40 - 15:00
AMD6: Mobile Displays

Chair
Co-Chair
AMD6 - 1:
13:40
H. E. A. Huitema, Philips Res. Labs., The Netherlands

Y. Yamamoto, Sharp, Japan
Invited Challenges to AM-OLED Technology for
Mobile Display
H. D. Kim, K. J. Yoo, M.H. Kim, S. T. Lee, H. K. Chung
Samsung SDI, Korea
To meet the future trend of mobile display, we have developed

successfully the worlds highest resolution 302ppi 2.65inch full color
VGA AMOLED and a system on panel 2inch QVGA AMOLED using
several new technologies such as, short channel TFT, laser induced
thermal imaging (LITI) color patterning and blue common layer
technique which can reduce a patterning step. We have also developed
a new micro cavity effect control technique by modulating the thickness
of the hole-injection layer.
AMD6 - 2
14:05
Circuit Techniques for Reduction of Number of

Connections to a-Si AM-LCD
S. C. Deane, M. Cassidy, P. Collins, K. Yamashita*,
T. Inada*, S. Kawata*, M. Yoshiga*, Y. Onda*, J. R. Hector,
M. Inoue*
Philips Res. Labs., UK
*Philips Mobile Display Syss., Japan
We have made 1.8 QVGA (222dpi) transflective a-Si AMLCDs with an

integrated gate driver and column multiplexers. First, we discus a gate
driver design which minimizes the connection count to the external
electronics to the minimum level. To further reduce the interconnect
count, we have also integrated column multiplexers. This not only
reduces the interconnection count radically, and driver IC cost, but it
also can enable smaller pitch displays in a-Si technology due to reduced
interconnection pitch.
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Wednesday
AMD6 - 3
14:25
December 7
A-Si Gate Driver Designs for Low Power AM-LCD
Operation
K. Yamashita, T. Inada, M. Cassidy*, S. C. Deane*,
P. Collins*, S. Kawata, Y. Onda, M. Yoshiga, J. R. Hector*,
M. Inoue
Philips Mobile Display Syss., Japan
*Philips Res. Labs., UK
We have made 1.8 QVGA (222dpi) transflective a-Si AMLCDs with

integrated gate drivers. One is optimized for a very low power normal
operating mode. The other can switch to an arbitrary partial scan mode.
Gate driver integration results in narrow, symmetric margins, reduced
cost and interconnections. In another paper we explore minimizing the
number of connections to the display, while here we allow a small
increase in the number of connection lines to allow very significant
power reduction.
AMD6 - 4L
14:45
Development of a Novel Double-Sided LCD with a

Single Panel and One Lighting System for Mobile
Applications
S. Kang, Y. K. Cho, H. Y. Hong, H. H. Hwang, H. H. Choi*,
B. C. Hwang*, J. S. Park*, T. Maekawa**
Image Lab, Korea
*LG Innotek, Korea
**Fujitsu Kasei, Japan
Using only a pair of LC panel and lighting system, we have developed a

novel LCD system called Double-Sided LCD. In spite of this simple
composition it can work not only as a reflective-type display from the
front side but also as a transmissive-type display from the rear side.
Compared to the conventional dual-sided LCDs with two different LC
panels and one or two lighting systems, its thickness and cost can be
reduced drastically up to 1/2.
Author Interviews
17:30 - 18:30
IDW '06
Dec. 6 8, 2006
Otsu, Japan
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Wednesday
December 7
15:00 - 17:00
Exhibition Hall
Poster OLEDp/AMDp: Active Matrix OLED

OLEDp/AMDp - 1
Novel Sub-Intra Gate Poly-Si TFT Structure for AMOLED Pixel Drivers
C. J. Shih, C. H. Fang, D. H. Deng, P. C. Liu, C. P. Kuan,
C. C. Lu
The novel poly-Si thin film transistors based on sub-gate, intra-gate, and
asymmetric dual-gate structures are developed to satisfy the strict
requirements of AMOLED pixel drivers. Our experimental results show
that the proposed design can optimize the performance of dual gate
structures by suppressing kink current and light-induced leakage
current, while the aperture ratio and field effect mobility are also
improved remarkably.
OLEDp/AMDp - 2
7-in. WQVGA p-Si LTPS AM-OLED with Novel Driving

Architecture
I.-C. Shih, M.-T. Hsu
This paper presents a novel driving architecture for AMOLED that

adopts the commercialized TFT-LCD driver IC. By utilizing fully p-Si
LTPS process, this architecture has been successfully implementation
on the 7-inch AMOLED display.
OLEDp/AMDp - 3
New Pixel Circuits for Driving Organic Light Emitting

Diodes with Low Temperature Polycrystalline Si Thin
Film Transistors
Y. H. Tai, B. T. Chen, Y. J. Kuo, Y. J. Wei, C. C. Tsai,
K. Y. Chiang, H. C. Cheng
Nat. Chiao Tung Univ., Taiwan
Two new pixel circuits for active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED), based on the low-temperature polycrystalline Si thin-film
transistors (LTPS-TFTs) are proposed and the Vth compensation ability
is verified by SPICE simulation and measured results. The voltageprogramming pixel circuits are formed by five TFTs, one additional
control signal, and one storage capacitor. The simulation and measured
results show that the pixel circuit has high immunity to the variation of
poly-Si TFT characteristics.
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Wednesday
OLEDp/AMDp - 4
December 7
Non-Contact Method for Analysis of Pixel Circuits in
Active Matrix OLED Using External Probes with
Electrical Pulses and Photo-Multiplier Tube Detector
P. L. Huang, S. J. Tang
We presented an effective non contact way to probe TFTs and capacitor

on pixels, which was used to control on/off of switches and data storage
to light on AMOLED devices. The detecting system was a combination
of external electrical pulses on panel leads and a photomultiplier tube
(PMT) detector. The OLED emitting signal had been the clue to
understand of the behaviors of pixel circuits by modifying the electrical
signal, and performance of OLED had been successfully improved.
OLEDp/AMDp - 5
New Pixel Driving Scheme Based a-Si:H TFTs by

Eliminating Switching TFTs in OLED Current Path for
Low Power Consumption
H.-S. Shin, J.-H. Lee, K.-S. Shin, M.-K. Han
We propose a new pixel design for active matrix organic light emitting
diode (AM-OLED) displays using hydrogenated amorphous silicon thinfilm transistors (a-Si:H TFTs). The proposed circuit is employed by a
new scheme of threshold voltage compensation. As VDD supply lines are
utilized clock signal, the threshold voltage of the driving TFTs is
memorized during the VDD clock signal off. The proposed circuit needs
only one driving TFT located in the OLED current path without any
additional switching TFT for VTH compensation, resulting in lower power
consumption than the conventional pixel circuits.
OLEDp/AMDp - 6
Adaptive Current Scaling Pixel Circuit for a-Si:H AMOLED Displays

J. Z. Huang, J. A. Cheng, Y. C. Lin, W. Cheng,
H.-P. D. Shieh
An adaptive current scaling pixel circuit for a-Si: H TFT process has
been demonstrated. The adaptive current scaling is achieved by
inserting a small cascaded storage capacitor to the traditional pixel
circuit without affecting the aperture ratio. The proposed pixel circuit is
capable of shorting the programming time without sacrificing the power
consumption. Hence, the proposed pixel circuit is suitable for the large
size and high resolution AMOLED application.
OLEDp/AMDp - 7L High Contrast Top Emission Active Matrix RGB
OLED
R. Wood, R. Cheuk, WY. Kim
Luxell Technologies, Canada
This work centers on the design of a high contrast AM top emission
OLED. The device is built on an AM backplane, with discreet RGB color
pixels, and a semi-transparent cathode. The structure utilizes the cavity
effects for enhanced emission while simultaneously incorporating a
tuned cathode for destructive optical interference.
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Wed./Thu.
December 7/8
OLEDp/AMDp - 8L 3-TFT Pixel Circuit Employing a Fraction Time

Annealing to Improve a Current Stability of a-Si:H
TFT AMOLED
J. H. Lee, W. J. Nam, H. S. Shin, M. K. Han
We have proposed and fabricated 3-TFT pixel circuit employing a
fraction time annealing to improve a current stability for a-Si:H TFT
based AMOLED backplane. The measurement results, after an electrical
bias and temperature (60) stress of 12 hours, show that OLED current
is decreased by 23% in conventional 2-TFT pixel, while decreased by
6% in the proposed 3-TFT pixel because a negative bias can reduce
VTH degradation of a-Si:H TFT itself.
OLEDp/AMDp - 9L New Voltage Programmed AMOLED Pixel Circuit
Using Reference Current
M. H. Jung, I. H. Choi, O. H. Kim, T. Y. Kim*, Y. W. Shin*,
H. J. Chung*
POSTECH, Korea
*Kumoh Nat. Institue of Tech., Korea
A new pixel structure composed of six TFTs and one capacitor adopting
low temperature polysilicon (LTPS) is proposed. It can compensate both
the TFT threshold voltage variation and the supply voltage drop on
operation. Simulation of the proposed circuit is carried out with SMART
SPICE of RPI poly-Si TFT model.
9:00 - 10:30
AMD7: TFT Technologies - Crystallization

Chair
Co-Chair
AMD7 - 1:
9:00
H. Hosono, Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Japan

M. Kimura, Ryukoku Univ., Japan
Invited System on Glass Display Fabrication Using
LTPS-TFT Formed by SELAX (Selectively Enlarging
Laser Xtallization) Technology
M. Hatano, T. Sato, M. Matsumura, Y. Toyoda, M. Tai,
M. Ohkura*, T. Miyazawa*
Hitachi, Japan
*Hitachi Displays, Japan
SELAX technology can form TFTs with high mobility, low sub-threshold
swing and small threshold voltage deviation that they can be used to
integrate high performance circuits and valuable functions on glass
substrates. By using hybrid laser crystallization technology:SELAX are
applied to low-power, high-speed circuits, and conventional ELC are
used for the high-voltage circuits, the process tact time can be reduced.
Narrow frame size IPS-mode LCD panels with resolution of over 300 ppi
have been developed utilizing SELAX based technologies.
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Thursday
AMD7 - 2:
9:25
December 8
Invited Single-Crystalline Silicon TFTs Fabricated
with Comb-Shaped Beam in ZMR-ELA
M. Nakata*,**, H. Okumura*,**, H. Kanoh*,**, H. Hayama*,
S. Kaneko*,**
*NEC, Japan
**NEC LCD Tech., Japan
We have developed nucleation control methods applicable to a zonemelting recrystallization excimer laser annealing process for poly-Si
films. Ribbon-shaped Si grains of 2 m-width were successfully aligned
side by side by means of a comb-shaped beam, and we have
successfully fabricated single-crystalline silicon TFTs with channels
formed in those grains. Electron mobility in the TFTs is as high as 677cm2/Vs.
AMD7 - 3
9:50
Novel Selected Area Laser Assisted (SALA) System

for Crystallization and Doping Processes in LowTemperature Poly-Si Thin-Film Transistors
R. Ishihara, A. Glazer*, Y. Raab*, P. Russian*, M. Dorfan*,
B. Lavi*, I. Leizerson*, A. Kishnevsky*, Y. van Aandel,
X. Cao, J. W. Metselaar, C. I. M. Beenakker,
S. Stolyarova**, Y. Nemirovsky**
Delft Univ. of Tech., The Netherlands
*Orbotech, Israel
**Technion-Israel Inst. of Tech., Israel
CMOS poly-Si TFTs were fabricated through crystallization and GILD

processes by a novel selected area laser assisted (SALA) system. The
system enables a local area irradiation of small beams of a pulsed solidstate laser of frequency tripled Nd:YAG. The novel TFT process
eliminated 3 doping mask steps of the conventional process. On-off
current ratios for both types of poly-Si TFTs were improved by SALA.
The field effect mobility of n- and p-channel TFTs is 84 cm2/Vs and 75
cm2/Vs, respectively.
AMD7 - 4
10:10
High Field Effect Mobility Poly-Si TFTs Fabricated by

Advanced Lateral Crystal Growth Process Using
Double-Pulsed Laser Annealing System
S. Sakuragi, T. Kudo, K. Yamazaki, T. Asano*
Sumitomo Heavy Ind., Japan
*Kyushu Inst. of Tech., Japan
The advanced lateral crystal growth (ALCG) process with the doublepulsed green laser annealing system enabled us to produce the highquality Si thin-films for the high-performance n-channel poly-Si TFTs (L/
W: 5m/5m), characterized by the high field effect mobility of 650cm2/
Vs and the strong temperature dependence of the field effect mobility
close to single crystal TFTs.
----- Break -----
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Thursday
December 8
10:50 - 12:10
AMD8: TFT Technologies - Modeling & Analysis

Chair
Co-Chair
AMD8 - 1:
10:50
M. Hatano, Hitachi, Japan

S. Horita, JAIST, Japan
Invited Molecular-Dynamics Simulation of Nucleation
and Growth of Crystalline Si Films During ELA
Process
T. Endo, T. Warabisako, S. Munetoh*, T. Motooka*
ALTEDEC, Japan
*Kyushu Univ., Japan
Initial stage of the nucleation and growth of crystallizing Si in a rapid

cooling process like ELA is discussed by using molecular-dynamics
simulations. A new simulation technique is introduced to exclude artificial
temperature control and to realize pseudo-natural cooling conditions.
Based on a statistical analysis of the atomic movements, it is suggested
that Si nucleation and growth occur in an amorphous-like or a lowdensity liquid phase rather than the supercooled liquid as has been
generally accepted so far.
AMD8 - 2
11:15
Localized Resistance Across Grain Boundaries in

Poly-Si Layer of TFT Measured by Scanning
Spreading Resistance Microscopy
H. Yamagiwa, S. Abo, F. Wakaya, T. Sakamoto*,
H. Tokioka*, N. Nakagawa*, M. Takai
Osaka Univ., Japan
*Mitsubishi Elec., Japan
Resistance distribution across grain boundaries in a low-temperature

poly-Si layer of a thin film transistor with a lightly doped drain structure
was investigated using scanning spreading resistance microscopy. The
resistance around the grain boundaries was lower than that inside the
grains. Slightly higher resistance areas surrounded by low resistance
areas were observed at the center of the grain boundaries. The drastic
resistance change at the LDD region was measured.
AMD8 - 3
11:35
Process Simulation of Laser Crystallization and

Analysis of Crystallization Process of Si Films
M. Kimura, R. Saito, S. Tsukamoto, Y. Hiroshima*,
S. Inoue*, T. Shimoda*, R. Ishihara**
*Seiko Epson, Japan
**Delft Univ. of Tech., Japan
Process simulation of laser crystallization has been executed to analyze

crystallization process of Si films. It considers nucleation rate, crystal
growth velocity and partial crystallization model. It is found that the
nucleation occurs in the supercooling, the emission of latent heat
prevents from other nucleation, and the whole Si film is at the same
temperature due to the high thermal conductance of Si. It is applied to
evaluate -CZ, and its grain size is estimated to be 2.8 m.
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Thursday
AMD8 - 4L
11:55
December 8
Advanced Phase-Modulators for Next-Generation
Low-Temperature Si Film Crystallization Method
Y. Taniguchi, T. Katou, M. Matsumura
Advanced LCD Tech. Dev. Ctr., Japan
A phase-modulator having only holes (or bumps) on a quartz plate

has been found to have insufficient depth-of-focus characteristics. This
poor depth-of-focus can be attributed to phase retardation effect. Based
on this, two bipolar phase-modulators were developed. The first has a
deep depth-of-focus and the second is a single-plate modulator that can
generate a two-dimensional light intensity profile. It was confirmed
experimentally that the second modulator could grow arrays of large
grains with 5-m pitch.
----- Lunch -----
13:40 - 15:00
AMD9: TFT Technologies - Process Technologies

Chair
Co-Chair
N. Matsuo, Univ. of Hyogo, Japan

S. Utsunomiya, Seiko Epson, Japan
AMD9 - 1
13:40
Process Evolution by Photolithographic Process

Techniques and Improvement of Conventional 4Mask Process Technologies
S. Kido*, M. Yamashita*, Y. Umihira*, K. Akagami*,
Y. Murayama
NEC LCD Tech., Japan
*NEC Kagoshima, Japan
In TFT-LCD panel industry, the cost cut which is one of the subjects is
considered from various viewpoints. Then, two new photoresist mask reprocessing technology (redevelopment processing technology and
chemical re-flow processing technology) was developed and put in
practical use as photolithography process reduction technology in TFT
board manufacture. So, in this report, these technology is introduced
and improvement of the conventional 4-mask technology and new 4mask technology are explained as the example of application.
AMD9 - 2
14:00
Effect of High-Quality CVD-SiO2 Interfacial Layer on

Reliability of Poly-Si TFT
H. Hamamura, M. Matsumura, T. Mine, K. Torii
Hitachi, Japan
A new process named C-DOP (cyclic deposition with O2 plasma

treatment) was developed to obtain a high quality IL which can apply to
low temperature process of poly-Si TFT. This process is effective to
remove the residual impurities and making Si-O-Si network dense. By
using the C-DOP formed IL, the flat band voltage shift (Vfb) due to FN
stress and drain current degradation due to DAHC stress were
successfully suppressed.
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Thursday
December 8
AMD9 - 3
14:20
High Performance/High Reliability Polycrystalline

Silicon Thin Film Transistors with Sputtered Si and
SiO2 Films
T. Serikawa, M. Miyashita*, Y. Uraoka*, T. Fuyuki*
Univ. of Tokyo, Japan
*Nara Inst. of Sci. & Tech., Japan
Low-temperature poly-Si TFTs with channel length down to 1m were

fabricated by using sputter-deposited Si and gate SiO2 films. Resulted nand p-channel poly-Si TFTs showed mobilities of 120 and 70 cm2/Vs.
Punch-through effects in short-channel TFTs were effectively
suppressed by thinning gate SiO2 films down to 9.5 nm. C-MOS TFT
circuits were also fabricated and high speed operations were confirmed.
Moreover, sputter-poly-Si TFTs showed reliability much higher than
CVD-poly-Si TFTs for DC and dynamic stresses.
AMD9 - 4
14:40
Formation Process and Properties of a-Si TFT Using

Selective and Dispersive Transfer Technique
Y. Onozuka, Y. Hara, T. Hioki, M. Tanaka, K. Miura, K. Sugi,
M. Akiyama, S. Uchikoga
Toshiba, Japan
The authors proposed a novel selective and dispersive transfer

technique for low-cost, large-area TFT array fabrication. An individual
TFT device having small size of several tens of microns and small
thickness of about a micron has been transferred to an adhesion layer
at high transfer yield of more than 99%. The reliability of the transferred
TFT on the adhesive island with respect to bias-temperature stress has
been confirmed to be almost the same as that of the reference TFT on
the glass substrate.
Author Interviews
17:30 - 18:30
15:00 - 17:00
Exhibition Hall
Poster AMDp: Active Matrix Displays

AMDp - 1
High-Speed Sequential Logic Circuitry Using LowTemperature Poly Silicon Technology for TFT-LCD
Panel
K. Ishikawa, Y. Suzuki, N. Nakanishi, K. Matsunaga
Tokai Univ., Japan
In this paper, a high-speed sequential logic circuitry used LTPS

technology for TFT-LCD panel is proposed. The proposed new circuit is
dynamic/static shift register, counter and so on. The high-speed
sequential logic circuitry can operate at the high-operational frequency
by about 2~4 times than the conventional circuit due to applying the
wider swing-voltage than the power-supply voltage by using the
Bootstrap Technology (BST). The new circuit is named the BST-TFT
Logic Circuitry.
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Thursday
AMDp - 2
December 8
Effects of Peripheral Region on C-V Characteristics
of Organic MIS Capacitors
K. D. Jung, S. H. Jin, C. A. Lee, C. B. Park, B. G. Park,
H. C. Shin, J. D. Lee
MIS capacitors were fabricated and analyzed using pentacene as

organic semiconductor. Special attention was given to the peripheral
pentacene region which might change C-V characteristics when the
substrate is used as a gate electrode. It was found that peripheral
pentacene region of several tens of micrometers can make considerable
differences on measured C-V characteristics. Therefore, when evaluating
the characteristics of organic MIS capacitors, the effects of peripheral
pentacene region should be considered to obtain the accurate C-V
curve.
AMDp - 3
Effect of Short-Term Plasma Treatments on LTPS

TFT Characteristics and Reliability
Y. P. Yang, D. H. Deng, M. C. Ho, F. Y. Lu, C. H. Fang,
C. C. Lu
In this study, we proposed a method to improve the electrical properties

and uniformity of LTPS TFTs. Before deposition of gate oxides, the polySi films were treated with various kinds of plasma. Device performance
and reliability of the LTPS TFTs have been investigated. Comparing with
the conventional device, components with N2O, H2 and NH3 plasma
treatment possessed better electrical characteristics and uniformity. And
the N2O plasma treatment revealed higher reliability than H2 and NH3
plasma treatment.
AMDp - 4
New High-Voltage Generator Using Low Temperature

Poly Silicon Technology for TFT-LCD Panel
N. Ishii, Y. Suzuki, N. Nakanishi, N. Sasaki
Tokai Univ., Japan
In this paper, a new high-voltage generator using the LTPS technology

for TFT-LCD panel is proposed. The power efficiency is about 86%
when the new generator obtains the +16V output voltage with +1mA
output current from the +2.5V single power supply voltage. The power
efficiency of the new generator is improved around 30% value than that
of the conventional generator.
AMDp - 5
Crystal Structural Study of Pentacene Film in OTFT

T. C. Tien, J. F. Wein, T. S. Hu, J. C. Ho, L. J. Lin, S. C. Lo,
H. C. Huang, S. M. Jeng
Industial Tech. Res. Inst., Taiwan
The studies on crystal structure of pentacene film on electrode (ITO)

and insulator (SiO2) in TFT shown the pentacene film on ITO would
contain more amorphous phase than SiO2, and both of them composed
of crystalline phase on surface. Where pentacene is getting closer to the
surface, the pentacene/SiO2 have more thin film phase than the
pentacene/ITO. Gap and pore between pentacene/ITO interface were
found on the incline of electrode might be induced from poor adhesion
and thermo stress.
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Thursday
AMDp - 6
December 8
Formation and Planarization of Si Ridges in LowTemperature Si Process
J. Moon, C.-Y. Sohn, C.-H. Chung, Y.-H. Kim, J. H. Lee
ETRI, Korea
In this study, the characteristics of Si ridges formed after laser crystallization of a-Si films have been studied means of atomic force and
secondary electron microcopies. We report on the ridge height
dependency on parameters such as laser energy density and initial a-Si
film thickness. To lessen ridge height, we have exercised single shot
post-laser treatments at various laser energy densities. Post laser
treatments on ridges have an effect of leveling the heights of ridges and
lead to improved TFT characteristics.
AMDp - 7
A-Si Gate Driver Integration with Time Shared Data

Driving
B. Kim, Y. H. Jang, S. Y. Yoon, M. D. Chun, H. N. Cho,
N. W. Cho, C. Y. Sohn, S. H. Jo, S. C. Choi, C.-D. Kim,
I.-J. Chung
LG.Philips LCD, Korea
Integrated a-Si gate driver for time-shared data driving has been
developed. We characterized large-sized a-Si TFTs made with a normal
process and found that the conductance of TFTs could be scaled with
nearly same mobility and threshold voltage. The circuit has been
successfully integrated in 4 QVGA (320*240) TFT-LCD panel, in which
only one 480-channel driver IC is needed.
AMDp - 8
Integrated Gate Driver Using Highly Stable a-Si TFTs

M. Chun, Y. H. Jang, S. Y. Yoon, B. Kim, H. N. Cho,
S. C. Choi, N. W. Cho, H. Y. Kim, S. K. Kim, C.-D. Kim,
I.-J. Chung
The degradation of integrated gate driver circuits for active matrix

display has been analyzed. Integrated gate driver circuit using highly
stable a-Si TFTs is more stable than that consisting of conventional
ones and there is a strong correlation between clamping voltage of a
circuit and threshold voltage of its pull-down transistors. The circuit has
been integrated in 14.1 inch XGA (1024*768) TFT-LCD panel.
AMDp - 9
Effect of Pentacene Thickness on Bottom and Top

Contact Organic Thin Film Transistors
D. Gupta, M. Katiyar, D. Gupta
Indian Inst. of Tech. Kanpur, India
In this paper we present the effect of pentacene thickness on the output

and transfer characteristics of the bottom and top contact organic field
effect transistor. The device parameters like threshold voltage, mobility,
on/off ratio and subthreshold swing are calculated using ideal MOSFET
equations for inorganic semiconductors. The thickness effect is
discussed in terms of the thickness dependent changes in film
morphology and device physics.
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AMDp - 10
December 8
Effect of Interface Plasma Treatments on Electrical
Properties of a-Si:H TFTs
C. Y. Wu, C. H. Ma
The high stability of a-Si:H TFTs device is made of silicon nitride as

dielectric are submitted to the different plasma treatments of the
semiconductor/insulator interface by PECVD. The process parameters of
plasma gas type, gas flow rate, RF power, and treatment time of
interface treatment are taken into account and analyzed by Taguchi
experimental design method. Results show the gas type is the major
factor that affect the threshold voltage and mobility of a-Si:H TFTs
device. In the future, the stressing experiments by using different
stressing time with various stressing temperature are used to evaluate
the performance of devices.
AMDp - 11
Novel Pixel Structure of IPS Panel for High Aperture

Ratio Using Inorganic Layer
H. S. Chang, D. H. Lee, W. S. Kang, H. S. Jin, Y. S. Jeong,
D. S. Lee, I. J. Chung
A pixel design and a manufacturing process for in-plane switching (IPS)

mode were optimized to increase aperture ratio of IPS panel using
inorganic passivation layer with low dielectric constants. With this new
design and process, we could realize 28% improvement in transmittance
compared with conventional IPS panel, suppressing vertical crosstalk
which is the trade-off with a pixel structure of higher aperture ratio.
AMDp - 12
Pentacene OTFT Array for AM-OLED on Plastic with

Self-Organized Process
J. H. Kim*,**, S. H. Han*,**, S. M. Cho*,***, S. H. Lee*,**,
E. Y. Lee*,**, J. H. An*,**, M. H. Oh***, D. J. Choo*,**,
J. Jang*,**
*Advanced Display Res. Ctr., Korea
**Kyung Hee Univ., Korea
***Dankook Univ., Korea
We fabricated a 2 inch, 80 ppi AMOLED backplane with pentacene

OTFT array using self-organized process. The organic bank formation is
an important issue because the organic active layer can be damaged
during the bank formation. The double layers of polyvinylalcohol and
acryl were selected as a bank material. There were some degradation of
mobility and subthreshold currents during the processes of passivation
and bank formation by chemical solvent. Even though, the performance
after whole process showed that the SAT of ~ 0.8 cm2/Vs and on-off
current ratio of >107 for the OTFTs, which are enough to drive AMOLED.
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AMDp - 13
December 8
11-Stage OTFT Ring Oscillator on Plastic
S. M. Cho*,**, S. H. Han*,***, J. H. Kim*,***, S. H. Lee*,***,
J. W. Choi*,***, E. Y. Lee*,***, J. H. An*,***, B. S. Bae*,***,
D. J. Choo*,***, M. H. Oh**, J. Jang*,**
*Advanced Display Res. Ctr., Korea
**Dankook Univ., Korea
***Kyung Hee Univ., Korea
We studied the inverter and ring oscillator made of pentacene TFTs on

plastic substrate. A ring oscillator consists of inverters with bootstrapping
transistor. The TFT has a field effect mobility of 0.5~0.6cm2/Vs, an on/off
current ratio of 107. It has a signal propagation delay as low as 4.4sec
per stage and its frequency is as high as 10 kHz at the bias voltage of
40V. These results indicate that the OTFT circuit can be widely used for
electronic applications.
AMDp - 14
LTPS TFT-Based Current Mode Digital Logic Circuit

Design Method for System-on-Panel
J. C. Lee, M. P. Hong, J. Y. Jeong
Univ. of Suwon, Korea
We present two operation modes of the current mode logic inverter/

buffer. For optimum delay and power consumption, we develop a
systematic design procedure and verify that 78% and 28% improvement
in power and chip area can be obtained compared to static CMOS
counterpart.
AMDp - 15
Temperature Dependence of Amorphous Silicon

Oscillator
J. W. Choi, Y. S. Kim, S. H. Kim, J. H. Oh, J. H. Hur,
J. H. Cheon, B. S. Bae, J. Jang
Kyung Hee Univ., Korea
A RC oscillator using amorphous silicon thin-film transistors was

developed [1]. The frequency of oscillator was controlled by adjusting
the feedback resistance of the oscillator. When VDD is 35 V, measured
frequency of the oscillator was 143 kHz at 26, which is useful for lowend RFID (radio frequency identification). For the application to the
RFID circuit, we studied the temperature dependence of oscillation
frequency, output voltage and power consumption.
AMDp - 16
Ion Doping Effect on Laser Crystallized Poly-Si Films

E. H. Kim, K. H. Kim*, S. J. Park, Y. M. Ku, C. O. Kim*,
J. Jang
*Han Yang Univ., Korea
Ion doping effect on laser crystallized poly-Si has been observed. The
sheet resistance of ion doped poly-Si decreases with increasing B2H6/H2
plasma ion dose. The sheet resistance of the ion doped CLC poly-Si
was lower than that of ELA poly-Si under the same doping conditions.
Comparing Raman spectra of ion doped poly-Si films measured before
and after thermal annealing, it is observed that the surface damage due
to ion doping on the poly-Si films can be recovered
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AMDp - 17
December 8
Adhesion Evaluation of Sputtered Copper Films on
Glass Substrates by Microindentation Measurement
for TFT-LCDs.
C. C. Lai, M. K. Tseng, H. K. Chiu, Y. P. Lin, Y. C. Kuan,
K. S. Sun
Quantitative adhesion testing of copper films on glass substrate is

investigated by microindentation measurement. The object of adhesion
testing is to evaluate the adhesion of soft films on hard substrates by
Vicker hardness testing. Experimental result shows interposing a
transparent dielectric layer (SiNx) between copper films and glass
substrates promotes adhesion abruptly. Furthermore, the effect of
sputtering parameters and precleaning plasma treatment on adhesion is
discussed by Taguchi method analysis.
AMDp - 18
Direct-Deposition of Microcrystalline-Si:H at Low

Temperature by ICP-CVD
C. J. Huang, I. H. Peng, L. T. Wang, T. C. Wong, J. F. Chang
ERSO/ITRI, Taiwan
High quality films of microcrystalline-Si:H (c-Si:H) were directly

deposited on glass substrates at 150 by ICP-CVD. The crystallinity of
c-Si:H is over 91% and the grain size is about 40 nm. The incubation
layer observed is only about 2-3 nm thick, indicating good crystallinity
and few amorphous phase remaining between the oxide and c-Si:H.
The n+ c-Si:H layer is also under development, sheet resistance value
was lower than 104 /sq and the resistivity was about 2.7 cm.
AMDp - 19
Manufacturing Process of 4 Mask a-Si TFT Panel by

One Step Dry Etching on Mo/Al/Mo Data Line
S. Y. Yoo, H. S. Choi, J. I. Ryu, W. B. Lee, J. Y. Lee
BOE HYDIS TFT LCD SBU, Korea
Improved 4-Mask process applied with Al based multi-layer data line

was developed in order to reduce manufacturing process. This process
have several issues on n+ a-Si:H remain and Al corrosion because of
applying to 1-step dry etch with Mo/Al/Mo data line. However, it brings a
matter to a successfully settlement and meets with good results about
an array process and display performance as new Al dry etch. Moreover,
plasma treatment process are applied to the dry etch process.
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AMDp - 20
December 8
Short Channel Effects in Excimer Laser Crystallized
Low Temperature Poly Silicon (500) Thin Film
Transistors on Glass Substrates for Active Matrix
Organic Light Emitting Diode Technology
B. Choi, D. Choi, H. Park, J. Jung, T. Yang, H. Kim,
H. Chung
Samsung SDI, Korea
As LTPS poly silicon TFT technology evolves into near the submicrometer regime, as for single crystallinity, polysilicon devices also
suffer from short channel effects. Their short channel effects thus have a
direct impact on the LTPS poly silicon devices. The threshold voltage
and DIBL coefficient versus the channel length of poly silicon devices
has been reported as gate lengths scale down to 1m. The inverse
subthreshold slope versus the channel length is also analyzed to 1m
gate length for both n and p TFTs. Work on TFTs fabricated on glass
substrates (370400 mm) is summarized.
AMDp - 21
Low Cost and Uniform Solid Phase Crystallization

without Metal Catalyst Employing Alternating
Magnetic Field for AM-OLED
H.-S. Seo, D. H. Nam, N. B. Choi, S. H. Paek, T. J. Ahn,
J. S. Yoo, J.-M. Yoon, S.-W. Lee, C.-D. Kim, I.-J. Chung
LG.Philips LCD R&D Ctr., Korea
P-channel polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been

fabricated employing alternating magnetic field crystallization (AMFC)
method for AM-OLED panel, which exhibits no line mura due to uniform
device characteristics. Pre-treatment using boron dopant before
crystallization, and H2 plasma hydrogenation before deposition of SiO2
gate insulating layer remarkably improve the characteristics of TFTs,
such as threshold voltage, mobility, and sub-threshold slope. AMFC is
suitable for large size AM-OLED panel due to uniform TFT
characteristics, no crystallization mura, no substrate bending, and lower
cost than laser crystallized p-Si.
AMDp - 22
Characterization of Poly-Si TFT Array on Plastic

Substrate for AM-OLED
J. Y. Kwon*, D. Y. Kim*, J. S. Jung*, J. M. Kim*, H. Lim*,
K. B. Park*, H. S. Cho*, X. Zhang*, H. Yin*, W. Xianyu*,
T. Noguchi*,**
*Samsung Advanced Inst. of Tech., Korea
**Sungkyunkwan Univ., Korea
We present the characterization of poly-Si TFT fabricated below 170

on plastic substrate using excimer laser crystallization of Xe sputtered Si
films and gate insulator by using inductively coupled plasma CVD. In
addition, stability and uniformity of TFT array between before and after
sintering will be compared.
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AMDp - 23
December 8
Fabrication of High Performance Low Temperature
Poly-Si on Flexible Metal Foil
D. J. Park, Y. H. Kim, J. H. Chung, J. H. Mun, J. W. Lim,
S. J. Yun, D. W. Kim, J. H. Lee
ETRI, Korea
We fabricated low temperature polycrystalline silicon TFT on metal foil

substrate below 200. For preventing gate dielectric leakage current
and enhancing electric field between gate and source, crystallizing and
activation were processed before deposit gate dielectric. The n-channel
TFTs with W/L=7/20 on metal foil exhibited the field-effect mobility of
176cm2/Vs, the on/off current ratio of 106, the threshold voltage of 7V,
and the subthreshold slope of 0.8V/dec.
AMDp - 24
Ink-Jet Printed Organic Transistors Using

Dihexylquaterthiophene (DH4T)
J. Y. Kim*, D. H. Song*, Y. K. Lee*, T. J. Park*, S. K. Kwon*,
M. H. Kang*, S. H. Han*, S. M. Cho*,**, J. H. Kim*,
S. H. Lee*, J. Jang*, A. Sautter***, D. Albertalli****
*Kyung Hee Univ., Korea
**Dankook Univ., Korea
***H. C. Starck, Germany
****Litrex, U. S. A.
We studied the fabrication of organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) using a

DH4T (dihexylquaterthiophene) by inkjet printing. The OTFT has bottom
gate, bottom contact structure on plastic. Au/Cr and Al were used as
source/drain and gate, respectively. The gate insulator was a crosslinked PVP. The active layer was printed by jetting a DH4T solution. The
OTFT exhibited an on/off current ratio of ~105 and a field-effect mobility
of 1.5 x 10-2 cm2/Vs.
AMDp - 25
Effect of Buffer SiO2 on Plastic Substrate for Laser

Crystallization of Si Films
J. S. Jung, D. Y. Kim, J. M. Kim, J. Y. Kwon, K. B. Park,
H. Lim, T. Noguchi*
Samsung Advanced Inst. of Tech., Korea
We have investigated the factors that the effect of the buffer SiO2 layer
strongly related to crystallization of Si film during laser annealing.
Crystallization of Si films on plastic substrate is strongly affected by
thickness, roughness of buffer SiO2 and substrate bending. The
increasing buffer layer thickness prevents the agglomeration of Si film
during laser irradiation. The stress in Si film by substrate bending also
induces agglomeration of Si films. Finally higher RMS roughness of
bottom layer under Si induced larger nucleation site during crystallization
and hence smaller grains.
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AMDp - 26
December 8
ZnO TFT Fabricated at Low Temperature for
Application of Active-Matrix Display
C.-S. Hwang, S.-H. K. Park, H. Y. Chu
ETRI, Korea
ZnO TFT was studied for the application of flexible display. We use ALD
method for the active layer at low temperature (under 150
Adoption of ZnO:Al as source/drain layer, which is also grown using

ALD method, gave low contact resistance and good device behavior as
well as transparency. The manufactured TFT gave field effect mobility
0.95 cm2/Vs, and flat band voltage 1.7V.
AMDp - 27
Oxygen Effect on Laser Crystallization of Sputtered

a-Si Film on Plastic Substrate
J. M. Kim*, D. Y. Kim*, J. S. Jung*, J. Y. Kwon*, K. B. Park*,
H. Lim*, T. Noguchi*,**
We studied a-Si film deposited on plastic substrate by rf sputtering. a-Si

films were deposited at room temperature and crystallized using excimer
laser. It was found that the a-Si film was delaminated at low laser
energy densities below the energy condition for distinct lateral grain
growth. Oxygen contents were optimized for a-Si films deposited by Xe
sputtering. The oxygen gas incorporation is speculated to increase the
surface roughness and to induce the Si film agglomeration during laser
crystallization.
AMDp - 28
TRMVA, TRRVA and URTMVA LCDs for Mobile

Applications
S. C. F. Jiang, C. H. Lin, Y. R. Chen, C. M. Chang,
P. L. Chen, K. Y. Lin
We developed the new technologies that are the transflective multidomain vertical alignment (TRMVA), the transflective rubbed vertical
alignment (TRRVA), and the ultra reflectivity transmissive multi-domain
vertical alignment (URTMVA). These are used on the transflective liquid
crystal displays (TRLCDs) for mobile application. TRMVA and TRRVA
utilized the standard process steps and URTMVA utilized less process
steps. These optical properties can be achieved the high contrast ratio
and widely viewing angle in various environments.
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AMDp - 29
December 8
Fabrication of P-Type Ultra Low Temperature TFT
under 200
H. Lim*, K. B. Park*, H. Yin*, J. Y. Kwon*, X. Zhang*,
H. S. Cho*, J. M. Kim*, D. Y. Kim*, J. S. Jung*, W. Xianyu*,
T. Noguchi*,**
We studied the p-channel (p-ch.) poly silicon (Si) thin film transistor
(TFT) using ultra low temperature processes below 200 By
performing the low temperature thermal annealing after obtaining TFT,
the device performances, such as the mobility of 64 cm2/Vs, and the
sub-threshold slope (S.S) of 0.74 V/dec., improved drastically. The p-ch.
circuits or complementary MOS (CMOS) design on plastic is expected
for future advanced flexible flat panel display (FPD).
AMDp - 30
New Low-Power Shift Register Driving Scheme for

C.-W. Chang, C.-C. Chen
InnoLux Display, Taiwan
We have proposed a novel shift register driving scheme to implement on

the glass which displacing the IC. The proposed driving scheme uses
only two clock signals and lesser devices which can reduce bothersome
clock pervert. By employing bootstrapped voltage and switching phase
clocks, we achieve shift register driving successfully. The proposed
scheme has lower power consumption and lower number mask in
manufacture.
AMDp - 31
New 3-Level Driving Scheme and Image Quality

Improvement for Active Matrix Displays
C.-W. Chang, C.-C. Chen, Y.-C. Cheng, H.-M. Chen
We propose a novel 3-level register driving scheme for scan line to

compensate the coupled voltage on the pixel. The proposed method of
driving is good at reducing the effect of feedthrough voltage. In this
paper, we compared 3-level driving with 2-level driving scheme. Through
combine the electric and liquid crystal simulation, the simulation result
also shows the comparison of image quality.
AMDp - 32
Frequency Response Analysis of Low Capacitive

Coupling Design for IPS and FFS Mode LCDs
Applications
H. Y. Chen, T. H. Hsieh, Y. C. Kang, Y. C. Lin, S. T. Yan,
C. L. Yang, J. P. Pang
Innolux Display, Taiwan
A novel method to suppress capacitive coupling between data line and

pixel electrode for IPS and FFS pixels has been proposed in this work.
By making a slit structure on ITO electrode close to data line at a wellcalculated and designed location, the coupling noise can be drastically
reduced to 4% compared with conventional structure. A frequency
response analysis for this circuit has also been performed to ensure all
operation frequency for panels is feasible.
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AMDp - 33
December 8
Moving Picture Quality Amelioration Using Adaptive
Image Contrast Promotion Technique (ACPT) at TFT
LC-TV Module
K.-H. Liu, C.-L. Wu, M.-W. Huang, J.-Y. Huang,
W.-T. Tseng, H.-T. Yu
Apply the adaptive image contrast promotion technique (ACPT) in the

TV module, users could arbitrarily adjust the enhancement degrees for
they prefer, then the moving picture contrast ratio and brightness are
enhanced automatically and adaptively based on the image data
distribution of pervious n-k frames (k1). Furthermore, this technique
could overcome the drawbacks of contrast enhancement method such
as histogram equalization using scaled histogram equalization with
several restricting conditions and analog gamma voltages correction
schema.
AMDp - 34
New Charge Pump with Less Pumping Capacitors

for LTPS Integrated Circuits
W.-C. Chen, H.-Y. Lin, C.-M. Chiu
Toppoly OptoElect., Taiwan
A novel X2 (X2) charge pump with less numbers of pumping capacitors

was developed. The circuit shows not only output voltage equivalent to
the conventional X4 charge pump but also higher power efficiency than
conventional one due to the less pumping stages. Furthermore, less
pumping capacitors also helps to reduce the external pin counts for less
connection pins and cost saving especially for COG (chip on glass) type
panel design.
AMDp - 35
Overlap Scanning of CW Laser for Crystallization of

a-Si
K. H. Kim*,**, E. H. Kim*, S. J. Park*, Y. M. Ku*, C. O. Kim**,
J. Jang*
*Kyung Hee Univ., Korea
**Han Yang Univ., Korea
Crystallization of a-Si by overlap scan using CW Nd:YVO4 laser has

been investigated with SEM, AFM, and Raman spectroscopy. The
results show that the grains existing near each laser scan boundary
meet together forming single grains. That means the width of grains
formed by prior-scanning affects the width of the grains formed by the
following scan. Thus, the overlap scanning method can be applied to
large grained poly-Si fabrication for LTPS processing.
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AMDp - 36
December 8
Solid Phase Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon at
Temperatures Higher than 600
W.-E. Hong, S.-J. Oh, J.-S. Ro
Hongik Univ., Korea
A metal foil would have a great potential as a substrate for the next
generation flexible display. The annealing temperature of solid phase
crystallization (SPC) is not restricted to 600 when using a metal foil.
Crystallization rate becomes dramatically rapid at higher temperatures
since SPC kinetics is controlled by nucleation with high value of
activation energy. We report SPC behaviors of high temperature,
including kinetics, defect-recovery and texture-evolution, compared to
those of low temperature.
AMDp - 37
Effect of Multiple Reflection on Periodic Structure of

Si Film Crystallized by Linearly Polarized Nd:YAG
Laser
S. Horita, K. Nishioka, H. Kaki
Japan Advanced Inst. of Sci. & Tech., Japan
In the Si film crystallized by a linearly polarized Nd: YAG laser beam, the
grain boundaries are aligned periodically. This periodic structure is
produced by the periodic beam energy density profile generated by
interference between the coherent incident and high order diffracted
beams. The effect of multiple reflection in the Si film was investigated
theoretically on the surface structure of the crystallized film. The suitable
thickness for this method was estimated by this theoretical analysis and
verified experimentally.
AMDp - 38
Comparisons of a-Si:H TFTs on Glass and Plastic

Substrate at 160
C.-C. Cheng, L.-T. Wang, J.-Y. He, Y.-F. Wu, Y.-H. Yeh
ERSO/ITRI, Taiwan
Low temperature process is an important factor for active matrix plastic

display. Low temperature reduced the thermal stress and substrate
deformation. In this study, a-Si:H TFTs were successfully fabricated at
160 on glass and PES substrate. The maximum mobility is 0.2 cm2/
V-s, the subthreshold swing is 0.8 V/decade, and the threshold voltage
is 2.8 V. The off currents are below 10-12 A and the ION/IOFF ratio is 107
at Vds=10 V. Characteristics and reliability of a-Si:H TFTs were
compared.
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AMDp - 39
December 8
Novel Compact SPICE Model for Pixel Signal
Analysis of LCD Panel
S.-I. Yoon, C.-Y. Jung*, S.-H. Yoon, T. Won*
Sanayi Sys., Korea
*Inha Univ., Korea
In this paper, we report a novel compact SPICE model for pixel signal
analysis of AMLCDs. In this work, we generated a SPICE model for a
unit cell of TFT-LCD by taking all of parasitic capacitances into account
and we investigated the influence of the parasitic capacitance on a pixel
voltage drop. In order to calculate the capacitance, we employed a finite
element method. We calculated 21 capacitances including LC
capacitance as a function of the applied voltage and used a piecewise
linear voltage-controlled capacitor model with calculated values.
AMDp - 40
Analysis of Degradation of LTPS-TFT under Inverter

Operation and Improvement of Reliability by CLDD
Structure TFT
N. Nakagawa, Y. Toyoda, K. Sugahara, T. Nakahata
The hot carrier instability is the most important issue for LTPS-TFT
technology. In this study, we analyzed that the degradation of N-ch TFT
under inverter operation is caused by AC stress and DC stress during
switching operation and our newly developed CLDD structure which has
both GOLD and LDD regions shows extremely improved reliability
compared to conventional LDD structure under high voltage and high
frequency operation.
AMDp - 41L
Double Pulse Scan Method for Field Sequential

Color Driving of an Optically Compensated Bend
Cell
S. R. Lee, C. G. Jhun, T.-H. Yoon, J. C. Kim, J. D. Noh*,
D. H. Suh*, J. Y. Lee*
*BOE HYDIS Tech., Korea
We propose an overdriving method that uses double pulse scan (DPS)

within each sub-frame time. We applied it to a field-sequential color
(FSC) driving of a thin-film-transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) in
the optically compensated bend (OCB) mode. We have shown by
experiment that the DPS method shorten the gray-to-gray response time
remarkably so that FSC driving can be applied to a-Si TFT-LCDs with
XGA resolution.
65
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AMDp - 42L
December 8
Offset Cancelling Scheme of P-type Poly-Si Analog
Buffer Employing Voltage Level-Shifter
W.-J. Nam, H.-S. Shin, W.-K. Lee, S.-G. Park, M.-K. Han
New analog buffer circuit using p-type poly-Si TFT for digital interface is
proposed. The proposed source-follower type buffer memorizes and
cancels the offset voltage between the input and the output. In order to
reduce the output deviation, a voltage level shifter which preserves the
node biasing condition of buffer TFT during the offset cancellation is
employed. In our simulation results, it exhibits a small offset deviation
regardless of VTH variation of buffer TFT.
AMDp - 43L
Advanced Transmissive LCD with High Reflectance

M. C. Lee, C. Y. Tsai, W. C. Chang, D. L. Ting
To realize a transmissive LCD with high reflectance for mobile phone,

we propose the new ATR technology with high aperture ratio, new extra
reflective film and novel backlight architecture. In this paper, we show
the new ATR technology to improve a transmissive LCD image quality
under sunlight. Reflectance could be achieved 2.5% and CR is about
6.5.
AMDp - 44L
Effects of Crystallographic Orientation of SingleCrystalline Seed on m-Czochralski Process in

Excimer-Laser Crystallization
M. He, R. Ishihara, Y. Hiroshima**, S. Inoue**, T. Shimoda*,
J. W. Metselaar, C. I. M. Beenakker
Delft Univ. of Tech., The Netherlands
*Seiko Epson, Japan
Single-crystalline Si wafers are used as seeds for the location-controlled

grain growth with -Czochralski process during excimer laser
crystallization (ELC). With an enough energy density, Si wafers seeds
liquid epitaxial growth and grains with respective orientation were
obtained at the predetermined positions. The islands grown from (100)
seeds have the fewest twin boundaries, comparing to those from (110)
and (111). By using (100) -orientated SOI wafer as the seeds, the fewer
twin boundaries can be reduced further by the slow heat conduction to
the substrate.
AMDp - 45L
High Sensitivity Test Circuit Constructed with Sense

Amplifier on the p-Si TFT-LCD
I. Ishii, J. Masui, M. Murade, H. Iizuka, K. Sakata
Seiko Epson, Japan
We produced the high sensitivity test circuit which consisted of Sense

Amplifier (SA) on the p-Si TFT glass panel. The development and mass
production of a low cost panel become possible by means of short TurnAround-Time feed back for the sudden problem in the array and array
process development.
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AMDp - 46L
December 8
Investigation on Double Layer Gate Electrode
Etching Process for Flexible Display Application
C.-H. Wei, Y.-H. Chen*
Tatung Univ., Taiwan
*AU Optronics, Taiwan
A new process was developed in which plastic sheets are laminated on

glass carrier wafers and run through standard TFT process. Due to the
temperature limits, a tapered double layer gate electrode Al-Cr was
proposed to increase the conductivity and prevent hillock. This structure
was fabricated by a multi-step ICP etching and the contact resistance
compared with MoW was good.
AMDp - 47L
Fabrication of Si Thin-Films with Arrays of Long and

Narrow Grains for Next Generation TFTs
T. Katou, Y. Taniguchi, M. Hiramatsu, K. Azuma,
M. Matsumura
Advanced LCD Tech. Dev. Ctr., Japan
Arrays of long and narrow grains were successfully grown by phasemodulated excimer-laser-annealing (PMELA) method of Si films. The
width of grains reduced steadily by thinning the Si layer. Furthermore,
the crystal orientation can be controlled at {110} along the growth
direction and within {001}~{112} along the normal direction for a 30 nmthick Si layer.
AMDp - 48L
Image Simulation for Full Analysis of TFT-LCD Panel

C. Jung, S. Yoon*, T. Won
Inha Univ., Korea
*Sanayi Sys., Korea
In this paper we propose a novel simulation scheme for full analysis of

large-area thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) panel. The
method provides viewable image as well as electrical characteristics of
TFT-LCD panel including all pixels. We especially took into account the
parasitic capacitors induced by the neighboring gate and data lines, and
the voltage-dependent LC (liquid crystal) pixel capacitor. For an
exemplary 10.4 SVGA (800600) LCD panel, the simulation confirmed
crosstalk, flickers, shading and grayscale error.
AMDp - 49L
Flexible Active-Matrix Cholesteric Display Driven by

OTFT
T.-S. Hu, Y.-K. Wang, J.-Y. Yan, C.-C. Hsieh, T.-H. Lin,
T.-W. Lee, L.-Y. Huang, W.-L. Lin, H.-Y. Cheng, Y.-Y. Shen,
J.-C. Ho, C.-C. Lee, S.-H. Liu, Y.-C. Lin, K.-L. Cheng
EROS/ITRI, Taiwan
Organic thin-film transistor arrays with 64128 pixels are fabricated.

Pentacene as organic semiconductor was deposited on bottom gate
device. The OTFT show a mobility of 0.01 cm2/V-s and on/off current
ratio of about 105. Moreover, the active matrix OTFT-ChLCD was
fabricated by integrating organic thin film transistor arrays and
cholesteric liquid crystal display on plastic substrate.
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Thursday
AMDp - 50L
December 8
Ultra-Low Temperature (below 100) Si TFT Process
for Fflexible Display
K. Park, H. Lim, J. Kwon, J. Jung, D. Kim, J. Kim,
T. Noguchi*
High quality silicon oxide films were deposited at 100 by Inductively

coupled plasma-chemical vapor deposition (ICP-CVD) system using
dilute siliane (in argon) and oxygen as reactant gases. The I-V curve
showed a breakdown field with variation process parameter, resulting in
the measured dielectric breakdown field strength of 7.8MV/cm. According
to the various metal deposition methods, The C-V curves of SiO2
showed the flat band voltage (Vfb) shift from -29V to -5V. Also we
fabricated SOI TFT, resulting in 487cm2/Vs, 0.19V/dec and 2.4Vth. This
method is compatible with flexible display device process using plastic
substrates.
AMDp - 51L
Reliable Integrated a-Si Select Line Driver Driving

Schemes
L. Lin*,**, B. J. Liang*, C. M. Huang**, C.-C. Lai**,
S.-P. Chiang**
*Univ. of Feng Chia, Taiwan
**WINTEK, Taiwan
A reliable integrated a-Si select line driver (RASD) has been developed
and demonstrated in SID 05. Some advanced driving methods are
continuing to build including the progressive scan driving schemes and
the pre-charge scan schemes. All of them are simulated by utilizing the
SPICE simulation first, and then implemented into our timing controlling
circuits. These schemes are expected to richen the control signals of
present a-Si gateless drivers.
AMDp - 52L
Low Power Consumption for Circuit Integration of

Low Temperature Poly-Si TFT-LCDs
M. Karube, T. Tsunashima, H. Nishimura, H. Kimura,
A. Ishida, T. Motai, T. Nishibe
Toshiba Matsushita Display Tech., Japan
Todays mobile devices strongly require lower power consumption of

their displays. To meet this demand, we have studied Multi Driving
method for six signal lines, Power Supply Control for buffer amplifiers,
and CC Driving method though further circuits integration on the glass
substrate. These circuit ideas are implemented in a 5.6-cm QVGA panel.
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Thursday
AMDp - 53L
December 8
Highly Efficient DC-DC Converter Employing P-Type
Poly-Si TFTs for Active Matrix Displays
H.-J. Lee, W.-J. Nam, J.-H. Lee, S.-M. Han, M.-K. Han
P-type low temperature poly-Si (LTPS) TFTs DC-DC converter is

proposed and verified. We have designed the negative output DC-DC
converter employing 2 clock signals of 5V swing which are overlapped
at high voltage. The output voltage and power efficiency depending on
various output load current are investigated by SPICE simulation. The
simulation results show that the proposed DC-DC converter may supply
stable output voltage and have higher power efficiency than that of the
widely used Dicksons charge pump considerably.
AMDp - 54L
Effect of Lightly Doped Drain in Short Channel Low

Temperature Poly-Si Thin Film Transistor for Active
Matrix Display
J. H. Park, W. J. Nam, J. H. Lee, K. Y. Lee*, K. J. Yoo*,
H. H. Park*, M. K. Han
*Samsung SDI, Korea
Decrease of threshold voltage in low tempera-ture poly-Si thin film

transistor with decreasing channel length is observed. The source
barrier reduction in short channel makes threshold voltage decrease and
on and off current increase in p-type poly-Si TFT without a lightly doped
drain (LDD). The threshold voltage variation of poly-Si TFT with a LDD
is very little due to relief overlapping of electrical field between source
and drain.
AMDp - 55L
Bottom Contact Pentacene Thin Film Transistors with

ITO Source and Drain Electrodes for Display
Applications
C.-W. Han*,**, H.-S. Shin*, J.-H. Park*, M.-K. Han*,
H.-S. Pang**, K.-Y. Kim**, I.-J. Chung**
*Seoul Nat. Univ., Korea
**LG.Philips LCD, Korea
Bottom contact organic thin film transistors (OTFTs) which employ

indium tin oxide (ITO) as the source/drain electrodes instead of gold are
fabricated. The pentacene TFT with ITO source/drain electrodes exhibits
a saturation mobility of 0.09cm2/Vs and on-off current ratio of the order
105. ITO electrode was modified to more hydrophobic surface with lower
surface energy by itself after TFT fabrication. The fairly grain size of
pentacene film up to 0.3 m was observed on ITO electrode in OTFT.
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Thu./Fri.
AMDp - 56L
December 8/9
SLS-based CMOS LTPS Process and its Application
to 2.2-inch QVGA Panel
M. K. Ryu, E. S. Kim, K. S. Son, J. H. Lee, J. S. Im,
Y. B. Kook, H. S. Kwon, J. H. Park, G. Son, C. H. Kim,
S. J. Yoo, S. S. Kim, J. W. Choi, J. M. Jun, J. Y. Lee
We report n-shot SLS (Sequential Lateral Solidification) process and its

application to 2.2-inch QVGA (320x240) TFT-LCD with integrated gate
driver and 3:1 demultiplexing RGB data-switch. Integrated CMOS
circuits composed of 2 shot SLS poly-Si TFTs, were successfully
operated. Pixel TFTs showed uniform and stable characteristics.
Friday, December 9
9:00 - 10:30
AMD10: System on Panel (1)

Chair
Co-Chair
AMD10 - 1:
9:00
C.-W. Ko, AU Optronics, Taiwan

H. Haga, NEC, Japan
Invited Asynchronous Design: An Enabler for
Flexible Microelectronics
N. Karaki, S. Inoue, T. Shimoda
Seiko Epson, Japan
Flexible microelectronics featuring LTPS TFT technology, surface-free

technology by laser annealing/ablation (SUFTLA ), and asynchronous
design language Verilog+ is an emerging technology expected to
become a platform for developing thin flexible lightweight lesselectromagnetic emissive low-power robust devices. Verilog+ comprises
a subset of Verilog HDL and minimal primitives for describing the
communications between asynchronous processes. The design
instance, a flexible 8-bit asynchronous microprocessor, ACT11
consumes 180uA running at 5V, 500KHz. The power level is 30% of the
synchronous counterpart.
AMD10 - 2:
9:25
Invited Touch Panel Function Integrated LCD Using

LTPS Technology
H. Nakamura, T. Nakamura, H. Hayashi, N. Tada,
M. Yoshida, M. Ishikawa, T. Motai, T. Nishibe
We propose a new configuration of display having an image capture

function suitable for low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) TFT
fabrication process. High density sensor and 1-bit A/D converter are
monolithically integrated into the glass substrate. With this configuration,
a touched location can be determined by generating a grayscale bitmap
in the image processing LSI, for which smaller number of data pins are
required, compared with those required for a conventional configuration
having an external A/D converter LSI.
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Friday
AMD10 - 3
9:50
December 9
7-in. WVGA System on Panel LCD with Integrated
Gate Driver Including Dual Logic Shift-Register
K. E. Lee, K. M. Lim, M. K. Baek, J. S. Yoo, J. M. Yoon,
J. S. Yu, B. Y. Lee, H. C. Kang, Y. S. Yoo, C. D. Kim,
I. J. Chung
A 7-in. WVGA SOP LCD employing an advanced CMOS LTPS

technology has been developed. Integrated gate driver includes dual
logic redundancy structure and integrated data driver comprises
sequential analog sampling circuit having error compensation scheme.
These increase the products yield and display quality.
AMD10 - 4
10:10
Novel Flash Memory Structure Using Sequential

Laterally Solidified Low Temperature Poly-Si
Technology
H. T. Chen, S. I. Hsieh*, Y. C. Chen, P. H. Tasi, C. L. Chen,
C. J. Huang, J. X. Lin, C. J. Chang, Y. C. King*
ERSO/ITRI, Taiwan
*Nat. Tsing-Hua Univ., Taiwan
A novel field-enhanced flash memory device fabricated by sequential

lateral solidified (SLS) low temperature poly-Si (LTPS) technology on
glass substrate was investigated. The poly-Si protrusions at grain
boundaries (GB) as a result of SLS process can be well-controlled and
located along the width direction of the transistor. Protrusions at the
grain boundaries are utilized as emitting source to achieve a flash
memory device with low operation voltage 20V), fast program/erase
time, and wide Vth window by field-enhanced channel hot electron (FECHE) injection for programming and field-enhanced band-to-band hot
hole (FE-BBHH) injection for erase.
----- Break -----
10:50 - 12:30
AMD11: System on Panel (2)

Chair
Co-Chair
N. Karaki, Seiko Epson, Japan

K. Takatori, NEC, Japan
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Friday
AMD11 - 1:
10:50
December 9
Invited 510-Kb SOG-DRAM for Frame-MemoryIntegrated Displays
H. Haga*,**, T. Otose*,**, Y. Nonaka*,**, D. Sasaki*,
Y. Kamon*, Y. Kitagishi*,**, T. Matsuzaki*,**, Y. Sato*,
H. Asada*,**
*NEC, Japan
**NEC LCD Tech., Japan
A System On Glass (SOG) Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM),

which enables the implementation of frame-memory-integrated displays,
has been developed. To reduce the layout area, a dynamic onetransistor-one-capacitor memory cell and a compression/decompression
(CODEC) circuit were developed and implemented. A frame-memory
macro was created by combining the SOG-DRAM with an embedded
controller that enables independent access for writing and reading. Its
operation was verified by chip measurement and demonstration as a
frame-memory operation of 262k-color QCIF+ displays.
AMD11 - 2
11:15
Reliable Integrated a-Si Scan Driver (RASD) for

2.47-in. VGA a-Si TFT-LCD
H.-R. Han, J.-F. Tsai, Y.-L. Jou, W.-T. Liao, W.-C. Wang
WINTEK, Taiwan
A 2.47VGA (480640) a-Si TFT-LCD panel with reliable integrated a-Si

scan driver (RASD) and novel pixel design is developed using a
standard 5-mask BCE process. The RASD makes it possible to perform
an operation regardless of the fluctuation in the threshold voltage of a-Si
TFT after a long-term use. The novel pixel design raises the resolution
of the TFT-LCD panel up to 480 RGB 640 and raises the brightness
of the TFT-LCD panel up to 200 nits by maximizing the useful aperture.
AMD11 - 3
11:35
Integrated Gate Driver Circuit Using a-Si TFT

C. C. Wei, W. C. Lin, S. H. Lo, C. J. Chang, Y. E. Wu
A reliable a-Si gate driver circuit is integrated on the glass substrate and
fabricated by a standard TFT process. The circuit operation voltages,
optimized to balance the positive and negative AC stress, are
independent of the output voltages. The measurement results show that
the output of the new shift register circuit degrades in a much slower
rate under long-term operation.
AMD11 - 4
11:55
7-in WVGA LTPS TFT LCDs Manufactured by PMOS

Process
C.-H. Lee, H.-Y. Lin, C.-M. Chiu, M. Kung
A high performance 7-inch WVGA LTPS LCDs manufactured by PMOS

process was developed. The gate driver with 2-phase clocks and level
shifter were integrated on glass. The proposed driving scheme is very
similar to conventional CMOS panels. The same performance as CMOS
panels was achieved in reliability test and has acceptable power
consumption. Furthermore, the PMOS process also dramatically
improves the throughput in manufacturing due to less photo layers than
CMOS one.
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Friday
December 9
AMD11 - 5L
12:15
High Resolution LTPS AMLCD with Integrated DACs

K. Hashimoto, K. Yamashita, F. Matsuki, H. Watsuda,
J. R. Ayres*, M. J. Edwards*
Philips Mobile Display Syss., Japan
*Philips Res. Labs., UK
A 257 dpi LTPS TFT LCD with integrated DACs for reduced system cost
is described. The architecture is based on a 2-stage resistor-capacitor
hybrid DAC that is well suited to high-resolution LTPS displays. We have
confirmed that images with high uniformity can be achieved using this
source driver architecture.
----- Lunch -----
14:00 - 15:30
AMD12: Organic TFT Technologies

Chair
Co-Chair
AMD12 - 1:
14:00
Y. Inoue, NHK, Japan

M. Ikeda, Toshiba, Japan
Invited Organic Light Emitting TransistorFundamental Characteristics and Applications
C. Adachi
Chitose Inst. of Sci. & Tech., Japan
We succeeded in observing bright electroluminescence (EL) from 1wt%rubrene doped tetraphenylpyrene (TPPy) as an active layer in an
organic field-effect transistor (OFET) structure. We observed a maximum
EL quantum efficiency (ext) of ~1 %. Our device configuration provides
novel organic light emitting diode structure where anode (source) and
cathode (drain) electrodes are laterally arranged, giving us a chance to
control drain current by changing gate bias.
AMD12 - 2:
14:25
Invited Sheet Image Scanner with Organic Transistor

Integrated Circuits
T. Someya, T. Sakurai, T. Sekitani, H. Kawaguchi, Y. Kato,
S. Iba
A sheet image scanner has been fabricated by integrating high-quality

organic transistors with organic photodetectors. Because the sheet
scanner requires no mechanical components, it is mechanically flexible,
light to transport, shock-resistant and potentially inexpensive to
manufacture.
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Friday
AMD12 - 3
14:50
December 9
Flexible Liquid Crystal Display Panel Driven by Low
Voltage Operation Bottom-Contact Organic TFT
Y. Fujisaki, T. Suzuki, T. Arai, H. Ohtake, H. Maruyama,
H. Fujikake, Y. Inoue, S. Tokito, T. Kurita
NHK, Japan
An organic TFT (OTFT) -driven 1616 polymer-dispersed liquid crystal

(PDLC) display panel on a flexible plastic film has been developed. We
fabricated the low-voltage-operation OTFT with Ta2O5 gate insulator and
bottom-contact structure, using a photolithography method at low
temperature. The OTFT showed a carrier mobility of 0.3 cm2/Vs, a
current on/off ratio of over 105, a subthreshold slope of 0.3, and a low
operating drain voltage of -6V. We also successively confirmed display
operation of the fabricated 1616 display panel.
AMD12 - 4
15:10
Organic Thin-Film Transistors Based on

Nanocomposite Gate Insulators for High-Current
Driving Applications
C.-S. Chuang, Y.-S. Lin, L.-J. Kung, D.-S. Chen,
F.-C. Chen, H.-P. Shieh
Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ., Taiwan
Highly performance organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) incorporated

with nanoparticles in the dielectric insulators have been demonstrated.
The dielectric layers consist of cross-linked poly-4-vinylphenol (PVP)
and high dielectric titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. In order to
increase the solubility of TiO2 nanoparticles in organic solutions, the
surface of nanoparticles was modified with organosilozane. Moreover,
the concern of higher leakage current, while using the nano-composite
insulators, has been overcome by P8 treatment. In addition, several
models, which have been used to describe the dielectric behavior of
composite materials, are also discussed.
Author Interviews
17:10 - 18:10
Chemistry and LC Material Forum, JLCS
LC Physics and Condensed Matter Forum, JLCS
Technical Group on Information Displays, ITE
Society, IEICE
Technical Committee on Electron Devices, Electronics Society, IEICE
Technical Committee on Silicon Devices and Materials, IEICE
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Tuesday
December 6
Workshop on FPD Manufacturing,

Materials and Components
Tuesday, December 6
13:30 - 14:50
ANA Hotel Clement Takamatsu Hiten 1
FMC1: Manufacturing Technologies (1)

Chair
Co-Chair
FMC1 - 1:
13:30
K. Sarma, Honeywell, USA

Y. Ukai, Sony, Japan
Invited Rapid Thermal Annealing Technique Using
Thermal Plasma Jet and Its Application to Thin Film
Transistor Fabrication
S. Higashi
Hiroshima Univ., Japan
The temperature profile in the substrate during the thermal plasma jet
irradiation has been investigated by an optical probe analysis. The
surface temperature increased from 960 to 1,781 K by decreasing the
gap between the plasma source and the substrate surface and
increasing the Ar gas flow rate. Application of the annealing technique to
crystallization of amorphous Si films and fabrication of high-performance
thin-film transistor with the field effect mobility of 62 cm2V-1s-1 and
threshold voltage of 3.4 V is demonstrated.
FMC1 - 2:
13:50
Invited Rapid Recrystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Utilizing Microplasma Jet at Atmospheric Pressure
H. Shirai, Y. Sakurai, M. Yeo, T. Kobayashi*, H. Hasegawa
Saitama Univ., Japan
*Inst. of Physics & Chem. Res., Japan
The rapid recrystallization of amorphous silicon and its related materials,

i. e., a-Si (P, B), a-SiGe and a-SiOH utilizing the RF plasma jet of argon
at atmospheric pressure is presented. In addition to the rapid recrystallization of a-Si, the enhanced activation of P and B impurities has been
realized by optimizing the stage velocity and flow rate of argon. The
effects of the guest element, P, B, O,and Ge on the rapid
recrystallization of a-Si by the plasma annealing are demonstrated.
FMC1 - 3
14:10
Application of Induction Heater to FPD Production

Equipment
Y. Ozaki, K. Shimamura, N. Sagawa
Mitsui Eng. & Shipbuilding, Japan
We have developed the anneal system for FPD with a new vertical
structure making the best use of the feature of Zone Control Induction
Heating (ZCIH). It has been proven that this system can provide not only
a substrate heating with high quality, i. e., a rapid temperature transition
speed, a splendid temperature uniformity and a substrate damage
control characteristic in the high temperature heat-treatment process,
but also 1.3 times faster throughput compared with the conventional
model.
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MICROLINE
Tuesday
December 6
FMC1 - 4
14:30
High Current Ion Implanter iG4 with Long Pole Gap

Sector Magnet for FPD Manufacturing
Y. Inouchi, S. Dohi, Y. Matsuda, M. Konishi, J. Tatemichi,
M. Nukayama, K. Nakao, K. Orihira, Y. Andoh
Nissin Ion Equipment, Japan
A mass analyzing high current ion implanter (called Ion Doping iG4) for
FPD manufacturing was developed. In this system, the ion source has
been developed to obtain higher current density ion beam for better
performance on Source/Drain implantation. As the results, 300A/cm for
Boron ion beams and 400A/cm for phosphorous ion beams were
obtained.
----- Break -----
15:10 - 16:30

Chair
Co-Chair
T.Miyashita, Tohoku Univ., Japan

T. Itoh, Corning Japan, Japan
FMC2 - 1
15:10
Withdrawn
FMC2 - 2
15:30
Applying Inkjet Technology to PI Alignment-Film

Printing Conducted in LCD Panel Manufacturing
F. L. Hsu, K. H. Chen, P. Y. Liu, K. W. Wang, H. A. Li,
S. Oliver, S. T. Yang
By referring to the drawback of Roller-to-Roller process, only 1~10

percent of polyimide material is effectively utilized. On the contrary, the
effectively employed polyimide in inkjet printing process could achieve
70~95 percent usage. Inkjet technology has been a rising candidate
offering the advantages of effective material usage, film thickness
uniformity and switching panels with different specifications easily in
manufacturing process. CPT has introduced the PI inkjet machinery in
alignment-film printing, and successfully conducted PI alignment-film
printing in demonstrating the exhibits of 7-inch and 20.1-inch panels.
FMC2 - 3
15:50
Novel, Highly Reliable and Accurate Inkjet Print Head

for Manufacturing Flat Panel Displays
J. Attard
Xaar Plc, UK
Xaar presents its 3rd generation, inkjet print head, side shooter
technology. Also incorporating Xaars unique greyscale technology, the
side shooter is designed to meet manufacturing process specifications
on reliability, lifetime, drop volume and drop placement accuracy in a
number of process steps, including polyimide coating, color filter
deposition, and P-OEL deposition. The concept, technology roadmap
and initial test results will be presented.
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MICROLINE
Tuesday
December 6
FMC2 - 4:
16:10
Invited Evaluation of the Performance of an Ion

Beam Using the Planner Distribution of a Twist
Angle
A. Asahara, A. Horibe, H. Kimura, J. Nakagaki,
T. Nishiwaki, H. Tokushige, T. Yamada, H. Kitahara,
Y. Shiota
IBM Japan, Japan
A new scale, twist angle, for estimation of the quality of an ion beam is
proposed. The twist angle reflects the orientation of molecules in the
resulting aligned layer. We found that the LCD panel quality is well
correlated with the planar uniformity of twist angles. Using twist angle,
we can evaluate the quality of ion beams without making product-level
LCD panels.
----- Break -----
16:55 - 18:05

Chair
Co-Chair
C.-C. Huang, Photon Dynamics, USA

T. Unate, Sekisui Chem., Japan
FMC3 - 1
16:50
Withdrawn
FMC3 - 4L
16:55
Advances in Jet Dispensing for Flat Panel

Applications
T. Ratledge, L. Fang, F. Suriawidjaja
Asymtek, USA
As the demand for OLEDs increases, manufacturers are investigating

methods to improve the speed and quality of the production process.
One process step, the dispensing of UV seals on glass substrates, can
be significantly improved with the utilization of jet dispensing. This paper
describes the recent improvements of this technology and its benefits
for applying UV seals.
FMC3 - 2
17:10
A New Method for Accurate Measurement of Display

Flicker and Response Time
D. Glinel, V. Gibour, P. Boher, T. Leroux
ELDIM, France
We present a new system for accurate measurement of display flicker

and response time based on an optical probe, an imaging CMOS
sensor, a photo multiplier tube and a dedicated electronics. We show
that the 14 bits converter provides a real 80db signal/noise ratio. We
demonstrate that the response time repeatability is better than 0.1% and
the accuracy better than 1%. A new method of signal treatment is
applied for inter-gray level measurements where the signal variation is
low to improve the accuracy.
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Tue./Wed.
FMC3 - 3
17:30
December 6/7
Using Finite Element Methods to Simulate the Mura
Phenomena Caused by the Thermal Deformation of
Film Materials in the LCD Module
C. R. Ou**,*, R. Her*, R. Tzeng*, C. H. Chen*, C. Y. Lin***
*LEXM Res., Taiwan
**Hsiuping Inst. of Tech., Taiwan
***CADMEN, Taiwan
In this article, we will discuss about the Mura phenomena caused by the
thermal deformation of the thin film. Both FEM and analytical solutions
is discussed for such phenomena. Although analytical solution is not an
exact solution, it is found to be a more practical tool to explore the
wrinkling of the film materials than the FEM for Mura analysis.
FMC3 - 5L
17:50
Latest Focus, Magnification Control & Alignment

Improvements of HMA 500 for Printing Future
SOGs
A. R. Nobari, S. Mourgue, F. Clube, M. Jorda, C. Iriguchi*,
S. Inoue*, E. Grass**, H. Mayer**
Holtronic Technologies, Switzerland
*Seiko Epson, Japan
**Microfab AG, Liechtenstein
The emerging systems on Glass (SOGs) based on LTPS or yet

crystal-Silicon (c-Si) critically require not only very-high resolution
lithography, as a patterning capability but also congruent capabilities of
layer-to-layer alignment whilst being capable to overcome and
compensate the process induced magnifications. We report the latest
improved results of 1.2m at 0.5m resolution for depth of focus and
alignment of 0.19m 3 both axis with magnification control on a HMA
500. At 3 m resolution, the DoF is 30 m.
Author Interviews
18:20 - 19:20
9:00 - 10:00
FMC4: Color Filters (1)

Chair
Co-Chair
78
H. Mori, Fuji Photo Film, Japan

K. Dantani, Dai Nippon Printing, Japan
2005.11.04 18.26.27
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MICROLINE
Wednesday
FMC4 - 1
9:00
December 7
Novel Convexity Pattern for Spacer or Bank on
Plastic Substrate by Transfer Technique
A. Yasuda, T. Furukawa
Kyodo Printing, Japan
We have developed a novel convexity pattern used as spacer or bank

for display device using a plastic substrate. This pattern can be formed
in accurate position on a plastic substrate by transfer technique and
have constant thickness and flat surface. Our transfer technique is also
useful to form convexity pattern in addition to transparent electrode and
color filter on a plastic substrate.
FMC4 - 2
9:20
Introduction of Micro Coating Repair Method for

LCD Color Filter
Y. Takagi
NTN, Japan
NTN has developed a repair system for LCD color filter applications.
This system uses specially designed needles. Pico-litter level color resist
was adhered to the surface area of the needle tip to coat on the white
defect which generated in the manufacturing process of the color filter.
This report contains an outline of equipment and relation between
needle shape and the amount of coated color resist.
FMC4 - 3
9:40
A Novel LCD Color Filter Repair Machine with Fully

Dry Process
T. Ishikawa, H. Miyai, T. Yamazaki, H. Seki, H. Kusunose,
H. Yoshimoto*
Lasertec, Japan
*Fuji Photo Film, Japan
Lasertec has developed a new LCD color filter repair system (product
name:CR), which has a new color repair function in addition to four
conventional repair functions, height measurement, tape grinding repair,
pulse laser shot and color microscope. The new color repair function
was developed jointly with Fuji Photo Film, Co., Ltd. and a colored
dryfilm is used as a repair material. CR machine is based on a fully dry
color repair process, which increases the productivity of color filter
manufacturing.
----- Break ----10:40 - 12:00
FMC5: Color Filters (2)

Chair
Co-Chair
C. H. Chen, ITRI, Taiwan

T. Taguchi, Toppan Printing, Japan
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MICROLINE
Wednesday
FMC5 - 1
10:40
December 7
High Contrast Color Filter for LCD-TV
K. Minato, T. Itoi, H. Ito
Toppan Printing, Japan
A new high contrast color filter (CF) for LCD-TV, of which the contrast
ratio is 1.8 times higher than that of the conventional CF, has been
developed by using the advanced pigment-dispersed color resist during
a photolithography process. Consequently, the light leakage at the black
image-displaying time in LCDs can be reduced. Furthermore, LCD-TV
which suppresses tinting at the black image can be supplied by
controlling the balance of contrast ratios in RGB segments.
FMC5 - 2
11:00
Development of Color Filter Processes on Plastic

Substrate
C. H. Chen, K. H. Liu, Y. A. Sha, L. P. Hsin, H. L. Wang,
J. M. Ding, K. H. Chang, S. S. Liu, C. C. Liao, J. W. Shiu
A 4.1-inch QVGA color filter using plastic substrate has been developed
using pigment dispersion color resists and photolithography method. In
order to improve the accuracy of superposition between different color
layers, dimension and position of each pattern over entire plastic
substrate must be controlled rigorously. The processes are optimized by
tuning annealing condition, tact time from the end of pre-bake step to
the start of exposing step, and post-bake condition. The performances of
flexible color filters are reported.
FMC5 - 3
11:20
Properties of Column-Spacers on a Flexible Color

Filter Using a Roll-to-Roll Process
A. Sonehara, T. Eguchi, A. Sugizaki, T. Takahashi*, T. Ito**,
A. Kumano***
TRADIM, Japan
*Dai Nippon Printing, Japan
**Sumitomo Bakelite, Japan
***JSR, Japan
We were the first to develop column spacers (CS) using a roll-to-roll

process for a flexible plastic substrate and demonstrated a prototype of
LCD. The purpose of this paper is to obtain a stable cell gap of plastic
LCD by disposing the CS. We derived the optimum condition for CS
properties. As a result, the cell gap of the LCD was precisely maintained
as well as that of conventional glass plates, and resulted in uniform
luminance of the display.
FMC5 - 4
11:40
Investigation of Cell Gap Defects Using Gap

Simulation
S. Ichikawa, K. Suekuni, M. Ishimaru, H. Nakatani,
T. Unate, A. Nakasuga
Sekisui Chem., Japan
Large LCD panels have some cell gap problems. For example, gravity
defects are observed as thicker cell gap area of bottom of LCD panel at
high temperature. Cold bubble defects are observed as bubbles in LCD
panel at low temperature. We have developed a gap simulation method
to investigate these problems. The calculation was made for both
column spacer and ball spacer. It was shown that gap defects can be
substantially reduced by using ball spacer.
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Wed./Thu.
December 7/8
Author Interviews
17:30 - 18:30
9:00 - 10:20
FMC6: Environment Friendly Technologies &

Backlight Systems (1)
Chair
Co-Chair
Y. Iimura, Tokyo Univ. of A & T, Japan

K. Niwa, JSR, Japan
FMC6 - 1
9:00
Recycling of Liquid Crystal Recovered from TFT-LCD

H. Hasebe, K. Takeuchi, H. Takatsu
Dainippon Ink & Chems., Japan
The recycling of liquid crystals recovered from TFT-LCD panels has

been studied. The liquid crystals were extracted from smashed waste
LCD panels by washing with an organic solvent and were purified to
recover Voltage Holding Ratio (VHR) as high as new liquid crystals. By
optimizing purification processes, 99.2% of VHR has been achieved.
Compensation of physical properties of the liquid crystals is also
discussed.
FMC6 - 2
9:20
Environment and Safety Activities of the Japanese

LCD Association
S. Masui, M. Shiota*, K. Matsumura**, H. Kurokawa***,
H. Nishida****, Y. Suzuki*****
Sharp, Japan
*JEITA, Japan
**Toshiba Matsushita Display Tech., Japan
***Hitachi, Japan
****Hitachi Displays, Japan
*****NEC LCD Tech., Japan
The Japanese LCD association has been coping with environment and
safety issues from the beginning of the business. The display device
environment and safety committee has four working groups (WGs). The
PFC WG helped to found an international committee together with
counterparts in Korea and Taiwan in 2001, and it has been making
efforts to reduce PFCs emitted from LCD manufacturing facilities.
Recently the recycling WG has focused on recycling waste LCD TVs.
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Thursday
December 8
FMC6 - 3
9:40
Comparative Study on Sinusoidal and Square Wave

Driving Methods of EEFL (External Electrode
Fluorescent Lamp) for LCD TV Backlight
Y. J. Lee, W. S. Oh, S. S. Lee, K. M. Cho, G. W. Moon,
M. S. Park*, S. G. Lee*, M. G. Kim*
KAIST, Korea
EEFL is mostly driven by sinusoidal wave driving method. In the

sinusoidal wave driving method, a transformer should be used in the
inverter since the high voltage should be applied across the EEFL to
turn on. As the transformer is removed, a square wave is applied directly
to the both ends of EEFL by a cascaded three-stage inverter. And In the
case of square wave, the high luminance and light efficiency have been
achieved.
FMC6 - 4
10:00
CCFL Inverter Circuit with a Ballast at Primary Side

H. Shinmen, R. Weger*
Minebea, Japan
*NMB-Minebea GmbH, Germany
This paper presents a new inverter circuit for driving multiple CCFL-lamp
displays e.g. LCD-TV screens. The new inverter makes use of a
transformer chain with in series connected primary windings. This
electrically equals a virtual series connection of all CCFL lamps
resulting in excellent current uniformity in all lamps and hence excellent
brightness uniformity of the display. The paper explains the basic circuit
operation and gives experimental results of the achieved current
balancing.
----- Break ----10:40 - 12:00
FMC7: Backlight Systems (2)

Chair
Co-Chair
FMC7 - 1:
10:40
A. A. S. Sluyterman, Philips Lighting, The Netherlands

M. Takagi, Harrison Toshiba Lighting, Japan
Invited What Is Needed in LCD Panels to Achieve
CRT Like Motion Portrayal
A. A. S. Sluyterman
Philips Lighting, The Netherlands
In LCD panels, motion portrayal as well as panel addressing speed and

response time are critical. They need to be balanced carefully, in
particular for HDTV. It will be shown which combination of technologies,
like response-time improvement, black insertion, double frame rate and
scanning backlight, can achieve CRT-like motion portrayal, without
demanding extreme response speeds from the panel.
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Thursday
FMC7 - 2
11:00
December 8
Spatio-Temporal Scanning LED Backlight for Large
Size Field Sequential Color LCD
K. Sekiya, T. Kishimoto, K. Wako, S. Nakano, H. Ishigami,
K. Kalantar*, K. Shimabukuro*, D. Kunioka*,
T. Miyashita**, T. Uchida**
Aomori Pref. CREATE, JST, Japan
*Nippon Leiz, Japan
**Tohoku Univ., Japan
Emerging problems related to backlights for large size field sequential

color (FSC) LCDs are identified. A partitioned blockwise backlight is
required and the control of light leakage over the partitions is found
critical. If a high-definition FSC LCD is realized with dual scan (divided
screen), change in the sequence of color fields is required. A 36.9 cmdiagonal spatio-temporally scanning backlight utilizing RGB LEDs is
developed in combination with an OCB-mode FSC LCD and the
discussion is verified on it.
FMC7 - 3
11:20
The High Efficiency and Long Life Span Plasma Flat

Fluorescence Lamp Equipped with Innovative Dual
Driving Waveforms
C. C. Ting, Y. H. Hsieh, J. S. Chen, T. L. Chin, C. L. Lin,
W. Y. Lo, J. Y. Zhang, H. P. Chong, W. Y. Tseng, S. J. Jeng,
C. J. Chang, C. C. Chieu, J. N. Chen, H. W. Wu,
X. H. Tseng, S. C. Lee, T. C. Lu, C. J. Yang, S. C. Wu,
H. Y. Chou, S. H. Huang, C. H. Ai, X. R. Lin, O. Sun
Chungwha Picture Tubes, Taiwan
The plasma flat fluorescence lamp equipped with innovative dual driving
waveforms had been successfully fabricated. Because of the specific
driving waveform, the PFFL can entirely and homogeneously illuminate
without any dark area, which results in high luminance efficiency and
long life span of backlight unit.
FMC7 - 4
11:40
Enhanced Luminescent Efficiency of Backlights

Blue Phosphor by Microwave Irradiation
C. C. Ting*, S. P. Lee, K. T. Kuo, S. Y. Chen, Y. H. Hsieh*,
S. J. Jeng*, O. Sun*
*Chungwha Picture Tubes, Taiwan
Highly luminescent efficiency blue-light phosphors BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+

have been successfully produced by microwave irradiation treatment.
The SEM images and XRD analysis reveal that the particle morphology
of the blue-light phosphors can be notably modified from sheet-like to
spherical shape by microwave irradiation and better crystallinity can be
obtained. In addition, the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) PL spectra shows
that the microwave irradiation treatment can effectively enhance the
luminescent efficiency by a factor of 2.5 for intensity in comparison with
that without microwave treatment.
----- Lunch -----
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Thursday
December 8
13:40 - 15:00
FMC8: Backlight Systems (3)

Chair
Co-Chair
FMC8 - 1:
13:40
K. Kalantar, Nippon Leiz, Japan

H. S. Lee, Samsung Advanced Inst. of Tech., Korea
Invited Highly Light Collimating Unit for Realization
of Mosaic Structure Large Size RGB Backlight
K. Kalantar
Nippon Leiz, Japan
For realizing a large-scale LCD backlight, a unit with three stacked

functional light-guides has been developed. The unit transforms
azimuthal light distribution of an LED to an intensive collimated light
through a circular prism sheet. The unit has an optical efficiency of 78%
and a thickness of 7mm.
FMC8 - 2
14:00
Diffusive-Sheetless Backlight System for Mobile

Phone
M. Yoshida, A. Funamoto, K. Sakurai, Y. Kawabata,
M. Ohira, S. Aoyama
OMRON, Japan
The conventional backlight system has required a diffusive sheet and

prism sheets to improve the uniformity and the brightness of the light
emitted from a lightguide respectively. The integration of functions given
from these sheets onto a lightguide was realized and the reduction of
the thickness of the backlight system by 20% has been achieved. In this
paper, the integration of diffusive sheets function by the design of
prisms random arrangement with the prism size control is presented
mainly.
FMC8 - 3
14:20
Improvement of Color Dispersion in Holographic

Back-Light Units Using Beat Patterns
H.-S. Lee, S. M. Lee, J. S. Choi, J. H. Min, K. Y. Kim,
Y. S. Choi, J. H. Yu, J. H. Kim, H. Y. Choi
We introduce beat patterns to a holographic back-light unit (HBLU) to

improve color dispersion characteristics. HBLU has a color dispersion
problem that comes from the nature of grating structures. The beat
pattern structure for minimizing color dispersion is optimized using kspace method and the finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation.
The optimum structure is fabricated and evaluated. The experimental
result shows that the xy value of a proposed beat pattern HBLU in
1931 CIE chromaticity diagram reduces to 37% compared to a singleperiod model.
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Thursday
FMC8 - 4
14:40
December 8
A Novel Backlight System with the Unified
Component
A. Nagasawa, T. Eguchi, Y. Sanai*, K. Fujisawa**
TRADIM, Japan
*Toagosei, Japan
**Kuraray, Japan
We have developed a single component backlight system that is

composed of the unified optical-patterned film and light guide. In this
system, a reflector, a diffuser, and prism sheets are unnecessary unlike
conventional backlight systems. The optical-patterned film consists of a
photo-curable resin with the well-defined light-diffusive micro particles.
We will report the features of our backlight system using the opticalpatterned film with the light-diffusibility.
Author Interviews
17:30 - 18:30
15:00 - 17:00
Citizens Gallery
Poster FMCp: FPD Manufacturing, Materials &

Components
FMCp - 1
NTSC Variation with Operation Temperature in LCDLEDBL System

T.-L. Chiu*,**, C.-C. Ting*, W.-Y. Lo*, W.-Y. Tseng*,
C.-C. Chieu*, C.-J. Chang*, O. Sun*
*Chungwha Picture Tubes, Taiwan
**Nat. Taiwan Univ., Taiwan
The LED light source recently is attracted a lot of interests and has
many excellent reliable advantages for LCD backlight module
application. Nevertheless, the rising operational temperature of LED
backlight module influence significantly the characteristics of LED chips,
such as decreasing LEDs output light intensity and drifting its dominant
wavelength, etc. These factors make displays color temperature change
and induce different NTSC results. Here, we perform an important
relation between NTSC and the above two factors of LED-LCD display.
FMCp - 2
The Influence of Poly-Si Morphology with Excimer

Laser Optics System
Y. Peng, C. N. Chen
In this study, we investigate the characteristic of the poly-Si grain and

morphology influenced by XeCl excimer laser system. The stable laser
beam source is basic requested; the irradiation beam through optical
lens module is more important which limit the grain size smaller than
0.5 m. The homogenization lens designs control the poly-Si grain size;
so we hardly get enlarge grain size by one laser irradiation scan.
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Thursday
FMCp - 3
December 8
A Study of Full Wavelength Spectroscopy-Integrated
Dry Etching System
T.-C. Tsai
End point detection (EPD) technology has applied to auto-stop of dry

etching and is gratifying with its sensitive process control. In this paper,
we build an end point detector-based dry etching system, which
integrates a full wavelength optical spectroscopy and an emission
recorder. It was also verified by practical experiments that the new dry
etcher was enough to detect stop timing without post-etch residue
during the whole etch procedure and reached high reproducibility of the
EPD signal profile for the same etched material.
FMCp - 4
The Quality Improvement of ITO Deposition by DOE

and SPC for FPD Fields
J. C. Liao, T. C. Tsai, M. W. Chang
To control the quality of deposition of indium-tin oxide (ITO) is so hard

since its complex reaction. This study aims to improve the quality of ITO
film by design of experiment (DOE) and then to monitor the quality
trends with statistical process control (SPC). According this quality
control cycle, the quality indexes of ITO film in thickness, resistivity and
uniformity were greatly promoted from unqualified situation of ITO
formation.
FMCp - 5
Study on an Ion Beam Alignment System for Liquid

Crystal Displays
T. Matsumoto, T. Sato*, N. Nakamura, Y. Matsuda,
Y. Andoh, Y. Iimura*
Nissin Ion Equipment, Japan
*Tokyo Univ. of A&T, Japan
We have developed an ion beam alignment system for a liquid crystal

(LC) alignment process, which features its large ion beam size of 800
mm width. The ion beam exhibited an excellent uniformity, repeatability,
stability, and a small divergence angle. The twisted nematic cells with
ion-treated polyimide films showed a well-aligned LC texture. These
indicate that this ion beam system is suitable for the application to a LC
alignment process, especially when the LC panel size becomes larger.
FMCp - 6
Performance of a RTA System for LTPS TFTs

M. Morita, K. Hashimoto, M. Mizuno, T. Ishihara,
Y. Kawasaki
Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind., Japan
The new high-speed annealing system for low-temperature poly silicone

TFT was developed. This system offers high-speed temperature rising,
glass cooling, and the good temperature uniformity in annealing. This
system is applicable to activation of TFT, SPC of poly silicone, and precompression processing of a substrate etc.
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Thursday
December 8
FMCp - 7
High Quality SiO2 Insulator for LTPS-TFTs Deposited

in ALD/PECVD Reactor
N. Miyatake, Y. Mori, K. Murata, K. Shimamura, Y. Uraoka*,
T. Fuyuki*
Mitsui Eng. & Shipbuilding, Japan
*Nara Inst. of Sci. & Tech., Japan
High quality gate insulator is a necessity to enhance performance of a

Low-Temperature-Poly-Silicon (LTPS) TFT. We propose an all-new
stacked gate insulator, which is prepared with the Atomic Layer
Deposition (ALD) technology for an interfacial layer, and the monopole
antenna Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD)
technology for a secondary layer. We have developed the ALD/PECVD
reactor, which handles glass substrates of 370mm470mm in size. The
prepared SiO2 film has excellent electrical property of an interface trap
density of 11011cm-2eV-1.
FMCp - 8
Application of ACX (Al-C-Ni) Alloys with Low

Resistivity for Single Gate Layer
D. L. Choi, J. I. Ryu, S. W. Kim, W. S. Kim, W. B. Lee,
J. Y. Lee
BOE TFT-LCD SBU, Korea
The possibility of application of ACX (Al-C-Ni) single metal with low

resistivity for gate layer was investigated. Contact resistivity between
ACX and ITO which mentioned major problem of Al-based alloy was
improved by several treatments, and etch profile was also improved. The
transfer property of ACX gate TFT was as good as TFT with Mo/Al/Mo
three layers. Finally, 14-based XGA module was manufactured and will
be displayed during IDW/AD 05.
FMCp - 9
Improvement of Physical Properties of Indium Tin

Oxide (ITO) Nanoparticle for Flexible Display Using
Gas Evaporation Synthetic Method
S.-J. Hong, S.-G. Chang*, J.-I. Han
Korea Elect. Tech. Inst., Korea
*Epixon, Korea
Highly dense ITO target enhances characteristics of ITO thin film for
flexible display at low temperature, and the high density can be
achieved by applying nano-sized ITO particle. In this work, physical
properties of ITO nanoparticle were attempted to improve applying gas
evaporation method. As a result, high quality ITO nanoparticle with
uniform particle size of 5 nm, surface area of 108 m2/g, (222) preferred
cubic structure, and 91% In - 9% Sn was achieved by the gas
evaporation method.
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Thursday
FMCp - 10
December 8
High Reliability Alignment Material for Active Matrix
LCD Fabricated at Low Temperature Bake Processes
T. Hirai, A. Kumano*, S. Otsuki
TRADIM, Japan
*JSR, Japan
A new alignment material has been developed for Active Matrix Liquid
Crystal Display (AM-LCD) which was fabricated at low temperature bake
process. The liquid crystal cell used the alignment material exhibits high
voltage ratio, low residual DC voltage and high reliability. The alignment
material is suitable for high reliability plastic film based AM-LCD.
FMCp - 11
Formation and Characterization of High-Ordered

Self-Assembled Monolayers by a Novel
Chemisorption Method
N. Nakamoto, Y. Fujita, H. Takeda, K. Kumazawa,
M. Shimada, H. Suzuki, T. Hidaka
Nippon Soda, Japan
We have discovered a novel chemisorption method using octadecyltrimethoxysilane(ODMS), titanium alkoxide(TA), water, and toluene to
form highly-ordered self-assembled monolayers(SAM)of ODMS. The
SAMs were formed rapidly from the active solution even when it was
kept for three months. The solution and layers were characterized by
several methods. We propose a mechanism for the rapid formation of
the ODMS-SAM.
FMCp - 12
Withdrawn
FMCp - 13
The Study of Prism-Patterned Light Guide Plate for

Increase of Efficiency in Monitor Back Light Unit
M. S. Lee, D. S. Park, Y. S. Oh, S. Y. Kim, Y. J. Lim
We focused developing without prism sheet in BLU. We made prism

structures at the upper and the lower surface of LGP(17inch). Firstly, we
examined the possibility by using the optical simulation. Then we made
real sample by means of imprinting process at the raw LGP. Imprinting
method includes the process of curing resin by UV exposure. As a
result, we achieved brightness of 4984nits (at center) and uniformity of
70% in first sample, and 4673nits and 78.2% in second sample, without
prism sheets.
FMCp - 14
Optimization of TFT-LCD Light Source by Ray

Tracing and Thermo-Flow Application
H. M. Chen, H. W. Chang, M. H. Liu, W. Z. Cheng
Conceptually, lamp house structure modification and CCFL operation at

suitable temperature are two ways to enlarge brightness based on
geometry optical theory and CCFL property. A high brightness and low
temperature backlighting unit light source has been obtained by ray
tracing and thermo-flow application. The components of the lamp house
have been optimized enabling high luminance and low decay property.
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Thursday
FMCp - 15
December 8
A New CCFL Arrangement of TFT-LCDs for FullSurface Luminance Uniformity in Low Lamp Current
Driving Situation
Y.-C. Cheng, Y.-J. Hsu, M.-H. Liu, H.-M. Chen
We demonstrate a new CCFL arrangement method called SAM

(Stagger Arrangement Method) for improving the panel uniformity when
low lamp-current driving. By introducing this technology, the uniformity
can be highly raised due to the luminance compensation effect between
two extremities of the CCFL. Both optical and thermal properties have
been well analyzed. An experiment using 17 inch LCD module also
evidences our contention.
FMCp - 16
Improvement of Luminance Uniformity of DirectType LED Backlight

Y. Kim, J. Lee, S. Lim
Dankook Univ., Korea
The direct-type LED backlight can be designed to have the desired

uniformity. In this paper, it is demonstrated that the luminance uniformity
of LED backlight can be improved by using several combinations of
reflector patterns placed in front of LED light sources and it was shown
that the 72.2% of luminance uniformity of the LED backlight with
reflector patterns was obtained.
FMCp - 17
Equivalent Model and Statistical Analysis for the Ray

Tracing of Backlight Modeling
C. R. Ou*,**, C. H. Chen**, J. S. Fan***
*Hsiuping Inst. of Tech., Taiwan
**LEXM Res., Taiwan
***Nat. Chiao Tung Univ., Taiwan
This short communications discussed two methods to reduce the

computational time for backlight unit (BLU) simulation. Several
equivalent models and the practical statistical analysis are proposed.
FMCp - 18
Optical Modeling and Simulation of a Cholesteric

Liquid Crystal Polarizer
H. Pak*, K. I. Kim*, K. C. Yoon*,**, S. T. Kim*, J. C. Jung*,
H. D. Park*, J. R. Park***
*Samsung Fine Chems., Korea
**KIST, Korea
***Chosun Univ., Korea
Computational simulation of a cholesteric liquid crystal(CLC)polarizer

was excecuted using a numerical model based on Berremans 44
matrix approach. Explicit expressions of the 44 propagation matrices
for the constituent optical films of a CLC polarizer were presented. We
considered the light recycling processe by introducing empirical
parameters for the optical efficiency and the depolarization of a recycling
system. Numerical simulations for optical performances of a CLC
polarizer were performed, and the simulation results were compared
with experimental ones.
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Thursday
FMCp - 19
December 8
A Roll to Roll Method for Production of an
Achromatic Circular Polarizer by the Use of PhotoAlignment
K. Maruyama, H. Hayashi, Y. Ono, A. Nozaki, Y. Suzuki*,
S. Naitoh**, T. Ikariya
TRADIM, Japan
*Dainippon Ink & Chems., Japan
**Sumitomo Chem., Japan
We produced a roll of an achromatic circular polarizer by the use of

photo-alignment. It consists of a half wave plate, a quarter wave plate
and a linear polarizer, which were coated and laminated at angles with
each other in a roll to roll process. The method can enhance efficiency
in manufacturing an achromatic circular polarizer and give it in a roll to
be applicable to a continuous manufacturing process of a plastic LCD.
FMCp - 20
Determination of Optical Constants for Cholesteric

Liquid Crystal Films Using Transmittance and
Reflectance Spectra
H. Pak*, K. I. Kim*, K. C. Yoon*,**, S. T. Kim*, J. C. Jung*,
H. D. Park*, J. R. Park***
*Samsung Fine Chems., Korea
**KAIST, Korea
***Chosun Univ., Korea
Optical constants for cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) films were obtained
by fitting theoretical spectra of transmittance and reflectance with
measured ones. Calculation of theoretical spectra was executed using
Berremans 44 matrix approach. We applied the curve-fitting method to
three CLC samples with different reflection bands and compared the
fitted results for refractive indices with measured ones for a parallelaligned LC sample.
FMCp - 21L
Improvement of Adhesion Between Color Filter

Resin BM Matrix and Glass
S. H. Chen, J. Tsai, A. Chang, W. Wang, C. M. Wu
Allied Material Tech., Taiwan
Resin BM material has been applied to color filter for black matrix layer.
Because of the different material characteristics between heavy metal Cr
and organic polymer resin, the interface adhesion should be improved
by ways of chemiacl bonding, surface cleanliness...etc. Backside
exposure is one of effective ways to enhance adhesion of resin BM and
glass, CF makers must continue to cooperate with photoresist developer
to improve interface adhesion for high quality TFT LCD panels.
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Thu./Fri.
FMCp - 22L
December 8/9
Development of Conductive Elastic Ball for Fine
Pitch Interconnection
S. J. Hong, M. J. Lee, J. H. Choi, C. J. Lee, W. G. Kim,
G. W. Jeong*, J. I. Han
*Jeong Eui Ind, Korea
In this work, micro-sized conductive elastic ball was successfully

fabricated for fine pitch interconnection. First, 2.8 m sized ball with
small deviation of 10% was successfully synthesized. Its deformation
shows elastic behavior between 31 and 39%. Also, electrically
conductive layer of Au / Ni was successfully fabricated by
electrolessplating. The plated layer shows good adhesion with the
surface of the organic ball. So, elastic micro ball could be fabricated for
fine pitch interconnection.
FMCp - 23L
Newly Developed Surface Film Suitable for FPD-TV

K. Mikami, Y. Iwata, Y. Nishimura, N. Nakamura
Dai Nippon Printing, Japan
We developed the surface film (DS2) of a new category for LCD-TV. It

has the power of image clarity of a glare film and also has a function of
anti-glare with minimum white-muddiness. Additionally, it has high
hardness and is suitable for high-resolution panels.
FMCp - 24L
Trichromatic LED Backlight for Mobile LCDs

J.-H. Kim, M.-Y. Park, J.-J. Kim, H.-D. Kim, J.-H. Jun,
J.-H. Park, S.-M. Cho, D.-W. Lee, H.-S. Jeong
Samsung Electro-Mechanics, Korea
We demonstrated a RGB LED backlight unit (BLU) for a 2.2 inch TFT
LCD. The color gamut of the LC panel was enhanced from 39% to 73%
when the conventional white LED BLU was replaced by the RGB LED
BLU. Panel transmittance and contrast ratio were enhanced as well. The
ambient temperature change was found to be the most significant cause
of the color shift of the RGB LED backlight.
Friday, December 9
9:00 - 10:20
FMC9: Materials (1)

Chair
Co-Chair
A. Kyrlidis, Cabot, USA

H. Saito, Chisso, Japan
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Friday
FMC9 - 1:
9:00
December 9
Invited Highly Polarized Polymer LED with a Dichroic
Ratio More than 30!
M. Misaki*,**, S. Nagamatsu*, M. Chikamatsu*,
Y. Yoshida*, R. Azumi*, N. Tanigaki*, Y. Ueda**, K. Yase*
*AIST, Japan
**Kobe Univ., Japan
Highly oriented polyfluorene thin film was fabricated by using a frictiontransfer technique to estimate the anisotropic features in molecular
orientation and optical properties . It was found that the
electroluminescence from this device was really polarized with the ratio
of more than 30.
FMC9 - 2
9:20
Modified Carbon Black for Black Matrix Applications

A. Kyrlidis, K. Xiong, S. Sullivan, E. Step
Cabot, USA
Resin black matrices containing carbon black are being adopted to

replace conventional chromium-based films in the color filters of liquid
crystal flat panel displays. The filled film must have very high optical
density and electrical properties beyond what is possible with
conventional carbon black particles. Cabot has developed novel surface
modified carbon blacks for black matrix films that provide enhanced
dispersion characteristics and unique optical and tunable electrical
properties.
FMC9 - 3
9:40
The Effect of Adding Compatibilizer into OCL

Materials for TFT Panel to Prevent the Rough
Surface after Post-Baking Process
S. Takahashi*,***, Y. Zhang*, K. Mochida**, T. Ogata***,
S. Kurihara***
*AZ Elect. Marerials, Japan
**Kyushu Univ., Japan
***Kumamoto Univ., Japan
Over coating Layer (OCL) materials are applied as over coating layer for
TFT panels. When acrylic copolymer and epoxy compound are used for
OCL materials, post baking process causes the rough surface of OCL
film. Authors studied the mechanism of the rough surface phenomena,
and found that the formation of the rough surface is closely related to
microphase separation in the OCL film. Moreover some carboxylic acids
with long alkyl chain were found to act as the compatibilizer in OCL film
for preventing the microphase separation at post-baking process.
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Friday
FMC9 - 4
10:00
December 9
The Photolithographic and Electric Properties of
Photosensitive Insulating Materials as a Passivation
Layer on TFT LCDs
S. Nakamura, K. Azuma, Y. Kusaka, T. Unate, A. Nakasuga,
K. Matsukawa*, S. Murakami**, K. Ohkura***,
T. Kikkawa***
Sekisui Chem., Japan
*Osaka Municipal Tech. Res. Inst., Japan
**Tech. Res. Inst. of Osaka Pref.
***Hiroshima Univ., Japan
Novel photosensitive insulating materials comprised of organic

silsesquioxane (OSQ) have been developed. The OSQ showed high
photosensitivity, insulating performance, transparency, and heat
resistance required as a passivation layer on TFT LCDs. We examined
features on the photolithographic and electric properties. The higher
photosensitivity and resolution were obtained by the improvement of the
material composition of OSQ. And we discussed the further evaluation
of the Vg-Id and Vds-Id characteristics on TFT devices.
----- Break -----
10:40 - 11:40
FMC10: Materials (2)

Chair
Co-Chair
C.-F. Huang, Tatung Univ., Taiwan

T. Nagahara, AZ Chemical, Japan
FMC10 - 1
10:40
Development of Fine Pattern Formation Process

Using Silver Alloy Nano-Particles
I. Okada, K. Shimoda, K. Miyazaki
Sumitomo Elec. Ind., Japan
We developed the fine pattern formation process with silver alloy nanoparticles synthesized by the electro-chemical reaction. Nano-particles
dispersed ink was coated on the glass substrate, and then sintered,
metallic thin film was obtained. By the etching after photolithography
process, we made fine pattern of line width 10m or less with low
resistance 3cm or less. This method does not need vacuum system,
therefore it can be expected to reduce production cost.
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Friday
December 9
FMC10 - 2
11:00
A Transparent Antenna Printed on a Display for

Portable DTV Reception
C.-F. Huang, S.-C. Chen*, C.-N. Mo**, C.-L. Liu**
Tatung Univ., Taiwan
*Central Res. Tech., Taiwan
**Chunghwa Picture Tubes, Taiwan
Based on the technology previously developed for transparent antenna,

this paper is to design a POD (Printed-On-Display) antenna operating in
the UHF band for digital TV (DTV) reception. Design is assisted by
computer simulation which employs the full-wave electromagnetic
simulation package IE3D. Size-down technique is also introduced for
making the associated POD antenna smaller. The return loss of the
prototype antenna is measured for comparison with the simulated data.
FMC10 - 3
11:20
New Platform for Mobile Display

H. Yamaguchi, S. Uchikoga
Toshiba, Japan
We propose a separate system instead of an all-in-one system as a new

platform for mobile display. In a separate system, displays and other
devices for human interface are separated physically and connected
wirelessly to a base unit which has processing and storage functions.
We have made a prototype of a mobile display in a separate system.
The prototype weighs about 550g with a 12.1XGA panel and an IEEE
802.11b/g wireless module. The issues concerning the requirements for
displays are discussed.
----- Lunch -----
14:00 - 15:20
FMC11: Optical Films (1)

Chair
Co-Chair
FMC11 - 1:
14:00
L. Wu, Optimax Tech., Taiwan

H. Mori, Fuji Photo Film, Japan
Invited
Polarizer for LCD Application
L. Wu
Optimax Tech., Taiwan
The developing trend of polarizer for LCD TV application was introduced

in this paper. The ways how to improve optical performances including
wide viewing, high contrast, low color shift at dark state from polarizer
side was emphasized.
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Friday
FMC11 - 2
14:20
December 9
Development of Low-Retardation TAC Film
H. Nakayama, N. Fukagawa, Y. Nishiura, S. Nimura,
T. Yasuda, T. Ito, K. Mihayashi
Fuji Photo Film., Japan
We have developed advanced technologies for reducing the out-of-plane

birefringence of TAC (triacetyl cellulose) film. With these technologies,
we have commercialized, for the first time, a new Low-Retardation TAC
film, called FUJI FILMZ-TAC. This epoch-making TAC films Re value
(in-plane retardation) and Rth value (out-of-plane retardation) are both
nearly zero. This TAC film can remove LCDs color-shift at oblique
incidence, especially for the IPS mode. Also, this Z-TAC film can use
existing cost-effective roll-to-roll manufacturing process for polarizer film.
FMC11 - 3
14:40
Development of Wide Viewing Angle Polarizer for

IPS-LCD
K. Yoda, S. Yano, H. Yoshimi, T. Shouda
Nitto Denko, Japan
We studied problems about the viewing angle of a polarizer, and

performed the design based on an optical theory. As a result of
performing the examination by a simulation, the relation between the
retardation in the thickness direction of a polarizer protection film has
and the viewing angle characteristics (light leakage in the oblique
direction, and color shift when the viewing angle is changed.) of a liquid
crystal display (LCD) was clarified.
FMC11 - 4
15:00
Super Wide-View Polarizer with Wide Wavelength

Range for High Contrast Liquid Crystal Displays
T. Ishinabe, T. Uchida
Tohoku Univ., Japan
We developed a super wide-view polarizer with a broad wavelength

range. By using a uniaxial film as a protection for the polarizer and two
biaxial compen-sation films, we obtained a high contrast ratio for a wide
viewing-angle range.
----- Break -----
15:40 - 16:40
FMC12: Optical Films (2)

Chair
Co-Chair
J. C. Lapp, Corning, USA

Y. Fujimura, Nitto Denko, Japan
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Friday
FMC12 - 1:
15:40
December 9
Invited A Novel Optical Compensation Film for OCBLCDs
R. Matsubara, Y. Ito, S. Nakamura, H. Mori, K. Mihayashi
Fuji Photo Film, Japan
We have successfully developed and commercialized the OCB-WV film.

The OCB-WV film has a PDM (polymerized discotic material) layer
coated on a TAC substrate, giving excellent viewing angle characteristics
for image-blurring-free OCB-TVs. In this paper, we show the concept of
optical design of the film and the steps of optimization.
FMC12 - 2
16:00
Liquid Crystalline Films as New Generation

Retardation Films for Viewing Angle Compensation
of LCDs
T. Seki, G. Suzaki, A. Mutou, T. Uesaka, S. Nishimura,
H. Mazaki
Nippon Oil, Japan
We have developed liquid crystalline retardation film technology by using

rod-like liquid crystalline polymer. The resulting liquid crystalline
retardation film has several advantages over conventional uni- or biaxial
stretched retardation film. By using liquid crystalline polymer, the
direction of the optical axis can be determined freely for roll-to-roll
lamination. High-order structures such as twisted nematic, hybrid
nematic and homeotropic structures can be stabilized for ideal
compensation of STN, TN, ECB, VA and IPS LCDs.
FMC12 - 3
16:20
Optical Compensation Characteristics of

Retardation-Controlling Color Filter
T. Kawashima, K. Ikegami, S. Hayashi, N. Moriya
Dai Nippon Printing, Japan
The optical compensation characteristics of a retardation-controlling

color filter made by directly stacking two retardation layers consisting of
polymerizable liquid crystal (PLC) were investigated, with a special focus
on the wavelength dispersion characteristics of the retardation.
Fabricated retardation layers are very thin and have good thermal
stability; and they were found to exhibit excellent optical compensation
characteristics throughout the visible-light region.
Author Interviews
17:10 - 18:10
The Japan Society for Printing Science and Technology
Japan Society of Colour Material
The Technical Association of Photopolymers, Japan
The Imaging Society of Japan
Society of Photographic Science and Technology, Japan
Japan Printed Circuit Association
The Society of Radtech, Japan
The Society of Polymer Science, Japan
The Japnese Reaserch Assosiation of Organic Electronics Materials
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Tuesday
December 6
Workshop on CRTs
Tuesday, December 6
16:50 - 16:55
Opening
Opening Remarks
16:50
S. Shirai, Workshop Chair
16:55 - 18:00
CRT1: Slim CRTs

Chair
Co-Chair
CRT1 - 1:
16:55
S. C. Shin, Samsung SDI, Korea

T. Sugawara, Asahi Glass, Japan
Invited
Glass Bulb Design for Super Slim Tubes
T. Kuwashima, T. Murakami, Y. Kobayashi

Asahi Glass, Japan
In the design work for Super Slim CRTs, how to reduce and disperse
the vacuum stress induced on the seal portion between panel and
funnel, and on the funnel body becomes a major issue to solve. This
paper presents design optimization for Super Slim bulbs considering
long-term reliability and safety characteristics.
CRT1 - 2
17:20
The PF Band System for Vixlim

J. H. Kim, S. S. Choi, J. H. Kim, S. C. Shin, H. S. Oh,
J. S. Bae, E. S. Park, S. N. Lee
Samsung SDI, Korea
A CRT has great merits on screen quality, cost and so on. Therefore, it
has the largest market sharing on display devices. However, it is front of
serious challenge from FPD that has merits on slim thickness and light
weight. One of the serious problem in slim CRT design is the increase
of glass stress and weight according to shorten total length. We have
developed PF Band System to solve this problem and this is the theme
of this paper
CRT1 - 3
17:40
Development of 29-in. SuperSlim CRT

S. G. Kim, S. J. Cho, S. H. Jo, J. E. Choi, M. H. Lim,
N. J. Koh
LG.Philips Displays, Korea
Since the introduction of 32-inch SuperSlim CRT, LG. Philips Displays

has developed the slimmest 29-inch SuperSlim with 120 degrees
deflection angle and deep gun insertion technology. With the excellent
quality and comparable cost, 29 SuperSlim has the best
competitiveness in the CRT models. 29 SuperSlim will make a great
contribution to the extension of the life of CRT and make it possible to
get advantage over FPDs.
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Tue./Wed.
December 6/7
Author Interviews
18:20 - 19:20
9:00 - 9:50
CRT2: CRT Market Trends

Chair
Co-Chair
M. Maeda, Maeda Consulting, Japan

S. Shirai, Hitachi Displays, Japan
CRT2 - 1:
9:00
Invited The Future Development Trend of CRT TV

Market in China
X. Yan
TCL Comps. SBU, China
The current situation of CRT TV Market in mainland China is presented.

Its further trend is discussed. It is possibly that the decline of CRT TV
market in Mainland China is a little faster than most people thought.
CRT2 - 2:
9:25
Invited
Display Scene : An Indian Perspective
J. Joseph, S. Talukdar
Samtel Color, India
Display market in India is getting more and more importance globally

due to its big potential. Booming economy, flooding of cable channels,
emerging new display technologies and changing government policies
are going a long way in boosting the display market size. With all the
major contributing factors influencing the display market growth taken
into account, CRT TV are expected to rule Indian Display Market for at
least 4 to 10 years.
----- Break ----10:10 - 11:40
CRT3: Electron Guns & Cathodes

Chair
Co-Chair
CRT3 - 1:
10:10
H. Y. Chen, Chungwa Picture Tubes, Taiwan

Y. Wada, Matsushita Toshiba Picture Display, Japan
Invited
Progress of Electron Gun Technology
S. Shirai
Hitachi Displays, Japan
Electron Gun is key parts of the CRT to generate, focus and accelerate
the electron beam. The CRT picture quality and lifetime are largely
determined by the gun design. This paper describes beam forming
region and main lens design concept, reduction of the focus
characteristics distribution, etc. The latest challenge is how to cancel the
strong astigmatism of the large angle (125 degrees) deflection yoke of
the slim tube.
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Wednesday
December 7
CRT3 - 2
10:35
Electron Gun Using Dome Cathode for Full Spec. HiVision TV

Y. J. Yoon, M. C. Bae, H. C. Kim, T. W. Kim
Samsung SDI, Korea
Electron gun using impregnated dome cathode has been studied for
realizing full spec hi-vision TV. Latest display device is requiring high
brightness and high resolution, but it is very difficult to improve both
qualities in the conventional flat cathode structure. Therefore, we have
developed the new cathode structure, which is dome shaped cathode to
realize initial orbits as from an object point. We can set the cathode
near the first accelerated grid (G2). By this method, we can get the 2.5
times larger current than the conventional method and restrict the
enlargement of working area.
CRT3 - 3
10:55
Optimum Gun Design with the Improved E4 Main

Lens for Large Screen Color TV Tubes
Y. Wada, H. Tomoyasu*, T. Ishihara, H. Morimoto
Matsushita Toshiba Picture Display, Japan
*Matsushita Elec. Ind., Japan
New electron guns have been developed both of dynamic focus and
non-dynamic (or static) focus types for large screen color TV tubes,
realizing excellent picture quality with the improved E4 main lens. In
order to reduce mass-production costs, oxide cathodes are utilized
instead of expensive impregnated cathodes. And almost the same
design for each electrode is adopted in both types of the new electron
guns.
CRT3 - 4:
11:15
Invited
Rare Earth Oxide Doping of Oxide Cathodes
D. den Engelsen
LG.Philips Displays, The Netherlands
The effect on life performance by doping oxide coated cathodes with

rare earth oxides is explained in terms of electrolysis of the emitter
coating. Poisoning of the emission with O2 can be explained with the
same theory. Furthermore, a model of the crystal imperfections (defects)
of BaO is proposed. This explains the experimentally observed
relationship between conductivity and dopant concentration.
----- Lunch -----
13:40 - 15:00
CRT4: Masks & Glass

Chair
Co-Chair
D. den Engelsen, LG.Philips Displays, The Netherlands

T. Kusunoki, Sony, Japan
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Wednesday
CRT4 - 1
13:40
December 7
Improvement of Doming and White Uniformity in
Real Flat AK Mask CRT
Y. M. Poon, K. M. Kok, K. Y. Lim, C. S. Queek, C. T. Lau,
K. W. Tan, C. C. Chao
Chunghwa Picture Tubes, Malaysia
For the improvement of doming and screen performance of real flat

aluminiumkilled (AK) CRT tube, mask trajectory modeling is introduced
to illustrate the mask aperture trajectory relative to the preferential beam
trajectory during doming. Several optimal measures such as introducing
enhanced curve mask and minimizing mask expansion restriction result
in landing shift decreases up to 60%. Screen white uniformity is
optimized using distinctive pattern filters, where improvement in color
different of up to 65% is recorded.
CRT4 - 2
14:00
Analytical Prediction of Local Doming in SuperSlim

CRTs
EWC. Coenen*, P. Martens, R.M. Jungblut
LG.Philips Displays, The Netherlands
*Eindhoven Univ. of Tech., The Netherlands
In slim tube designs we strive for as flat as possible shadow masks

preferably made of AKOCA. This makes the tube sensitive to local
doming. An analytical model is presented allowing quick optimisation of
the mask contour giving insight into geometrical and material properties
influencing mask deformation due to local heating. The principle of
minimum strain energy is used to find a static mechanical equilibrium.
The ratio between stiffness in North-South and East-West direction is
decisive for the performance.
CRT4 - 3
14:20
Effects of Nano Bismuth Oxide Coating on Shadow

Mask
S. M. Kim, N. J. Koh
Nano bismuth oxide as new electron reflection material was studied in

29 Real Flat CPT. As results, When nano bismuth oxide with 80 nm of
average diameter was used, Spray coating was done clearly without
mask hole clogging and the doming properties were improved more
than before in comparison with the average 3.5 m of the conventional
bismuth oxide.
CRT4 - 4
14:40
Development of Fast Sealing Solder Glass for CRTs

N. Horie, Y. Segawa, Y. Hatakenaka, K. Okita, T. Sugiu,
K. Watanabe, R. Tanabe, A. Nakamura*
Asahi Glass, Japan
*Asahi Techno Glass, Japan
We have developed a fast sealing solder glass which is possible to seal

in a short time to reduce a cost of CRT and to improve a productivity. A
sealing time of a new solder glass is 25 min. It is 10 min. reduction
compared to a conventional one. The basic properties and bulb
properties of the new one are enough high.
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Wednesday
December 7
Author Interviews
17:30 - 18:30
15:00 - 17:00
Citizens Gallery
Poster CRTp: CRTs

CRTp - 1
An Enhanced Clear Gun Design for 21 EDTV

Application
C. T. Chan, W. N. Chang*, P. H. Chong, C. C. Chao
Chunghwa Picture Tubes, Malaysia
*Chunghwa Picture Tubes, Taiwan
In order to get better focus performance for 21 EDTV, and to reduce the
cost of grid part, an enhanced clear gun design has been implemented.
We change the main lens gun structure to meet the above
requirements. Due to the bigger equivalence lens diameter, the smaller
spot size (on gun exit point) could be obtained. Moreover, using
common grid parts with other types also reduce the cost of related grid
parts by 30%.
CRTp - 2
Improvement of Projection CRT Electron Gun with

Overlapping G3 & G41 Structure
W. N. Chang, C. T. Wang, J. L. Huang, C. H. Yeh
A new designed to improve the focus performance of PCRT is studied.

To narrow the G1&G2 aperture diameter and the G41 aperture, then to
extend the G41 grid part into G3. The beam divergent angle is
suppressed and the spherical aberration is reduced. Due to the overlap
of G3&G41, the blur of the spot size from the side field of G3&G5
connector is prevented. A small spot size is obtained to improve the
quality of PCRT.
CRTp - 3
Body Color Improvement of High Transmittance

Panel for Low Power CRTs
L. Yang, Z. Huang, W. Lin
CPTF Optronics, China
To cut down power consumption of CRTs, the thickness of panel is

reduced. With the reduction of thickness, the body color of CRTs gets
bad. A certain Ni alloy target is used to improve the body color,
replacing the Ti target in surface sputter coating. The body color of low
power CRTs with Ni alloy film is similar with the semi-tint CRTs.
Technical Committee on Electronics Information Displays, Electronics
Society, IEICE
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Wednesday
December 7

13:40 - 15:00
Sunport Hall Takamatsu Small Hall 1
PDP1: Protective Layer

Chair
Co-Chair
PDP1 - 1:
13:40
L. F. Weber, Consultant, USA

T. Shinoda, Fujitsu Labs., Japan
Invited Integrated Computational Chemistry System
for Material Design of PDP
A. Miyamoto*, H. Kikuchi*, H. Tsuboi*, M. Koyama*,
A. Endou*, M. Kubo*,**, C. A. Del Carpio*, H. Kajiyama***
**JST-PRESTO, Japan
***Univ. of Tokyo, Japan
First-principles calculations suggested that both positive and negative

charges accumulated in MgO protecting layer decrease its stability.
Moreover, we proposed that Al cation is an effective dopant for the MgO
protecting layer, because it increases both the stability and secondary
electron emitting ability. Our tight-binding quantum chemical molecular
dynamics method revealed that oxygen vacancy decreases the stability
of the MgO protecting layer. Finally, we concluded that our integrated
computational chemistry system is very effective to design plasma
display panel.
PDP1 - 2
14:00
Quantum Chemical Molecular Dynamics, Classical

Molecular Dynamics, and Kinetic Monte Carlo
Approach to Design of MgO Protecting Layer in PDP
M. Kubo*,**, H. Kikuchi*, H. Tsuboi*, M. Koyama*,
A. Endou*, C. A. Del Carpio*, H. Kajiyama***,
A. Miyamoto*
**JST-PRESTO, Japan
***Univ. of Tokyo, Japan
We succeeded in the development of a new kinetic Monte Carlo

program to simulate the destruction processes of the MgO protecting
layer in plasma display panel by the electric charge accumulated in the
MgO surface. Simulation results proposed that MgO (111) surface with
nano-dot structures covered by (001) facets has the highest stability
under electric field condition, which is against the previous knowledge
on the thermal stability of MgO. The mechanism of the high stability of
the above structure was clarified.
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Wednesday
December 7
PDP1 - 3
14:20
Secondary Electron Emission from MgO Films on

Metal Substrates
H. Kajiyama*, K. Tsutsumi*, T. Fukasawa*, M. Ishimoto**,
G. Uchida*, T. Nishio*, T. Shinoda*,**
*Univ. of Tokyo, Japan
**Fujitsu Labs., Japan
Secondary electron emission coefficient, , of MgO deposited on a metal

substrate was measured at the temperatures below and above the
deposition temperatures. The was temperature dependent and had a
broad convex peak at the temperature a little bit higher than the
deposition temperature. The mechanism of temperature dependence of
is discussed based on the thermal stress induced by the mismatch of
thermal expansion coefficient between an MgO film and a metal
substrate.
PDP1 - 4:
14:40
Invited Discharge Time Lag Shortening by New

Protective Layer in AC PDP
M. Amatsuchi, A. Hirota, H. Lin, T. Naoi, E. Otani,
H. Taniguchi, K. Amemiya
Pioneer, Japan
A new material shortening discharge lag time (DLT) for plasma display
panels (PDPs) has been developed. New cell structure in which the
material is formed as a layer in each cell. We named it Crystal Emissive
Layer (CEL) and CEL structure. DLT of the new cell is reduced to 1/8 of
the conventional one. DLT of CEL structure panels keeps short for the
various cell conditions such as Xe concentration, cell size, RGB
phosphor and so on.
Author Interviews
17:30 - 18:30
15:00 - 17:00
Citizens Gallery
Poster PDPp1: PDP (1)

PDPp1 - 1
Improvement of Bright-Room Contrast of PDP by

Optical Filters Using Organic Dyes
M. Morohashi, H. Minami, T. Kitagawa, A. Morimoto, T. Ito,
T. Okamura
Mitsui Chems., Japan
Optical filters which can improve image qualities of Plasma Display

Panels (PDPs) have been studied. We obtained optical filters that realize
high bright-area contrast and good surface color of PDPs under various
external illuminants, e.g. three-band fluorescent lamps, by utilizing
colored adhesive containing organic dyes that selectively absorb
unpreferable light.
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Wednesday
PDPp1 - 2
December 7
Development of Novel Chassis of 42-in. PDP Module
for Reducing Material Cost and Weight
K. Jeong, I. Cho, K. Lee
Samsung SDI, Korea
As a continuing effort to reduce module cost of PDPs, a novel approach

for chassis structure is proposed in this study. Up to now chassis
structure is made of aluminum alloy for its excellent characteristics of
thermal and electrical conductivities. Adopting plastic material instead of
traditional aluminum as for a chassis, both the cost and weight can be
reduced more than 30 percent. Thermal and electrical substructures are
also devised for the purpose of both electrical ground and thermal
dissipation.
PDPp1 - 3
Suppression of Visible Defects Caused by

Microscopic Particles in Direct Filter Attached on
PDP
N. Hori, Y. Kawanami
Fujitsu Hitachi Plasma Display, Japan
We have introduced a novel adhesive layer into the surface filter

attached on PDP. The adhesive layer avoids visible defects induced by
the incidental microscopic particles between the filter and the front glass
substrate of PDP, by involving them with little air bubble. This filter is
successfully laminated on the final-tested PDP module.
PDPp1 - 4
Withdrawn
PDPp1 - 5
New 256-ch PDP Address Driver IC with Reducing

Switching Noise
T. Nomiyama, K. Kawamura, A. Fukuchi, K. Sato,
Y. Shigeta, G. Tada
Fuji Elec. Device Tech., Japan
We have developed new 256-ch PDP address driver IC with reducing

switching noise and good cost performance. To solve switching noise
problem, we have developed gate controlled output technique which can
reduce switching noise successfully. In addition, we adopted semi-slim
type layout to keep GND stable in TCP, and to prevent from operational
errors. By new type layout, we could shrink die size per output down to
0.067mm2, 15% smaller than our conventional slim type IC.
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Wednesday
PDPp1 - 6
December 7
Current Injection Energy Recovery Sustaining Driver
with Phase Shift Control for PDP
C.-L. Liu, S.-T. Yang, J.-W. Chen*, C.-Y. Lee*, C.-H. Lu*,
S.-H. Wang*, W.-C. Chang*
*Tatung Univ., Taiwan
An energy recovery sustaining driver with phase shift control for AC PDP
is presented in this paper. Both simulation and experimental results
show that the switching losses and current stress on switches can be
reduced significantly so that the efficiency is increased. With current
injection mode, a cost-effective energy recovery is proposed to produce
more stable light waveforms and reduces voltage across switches. It is
most important that with optimum shift angle the panel temperature can
be lowered effectively.
PDPp1 - 7
New Two Stage Recovery (TSR) Driving Method for

Low Cost AC PDP
K. Ito, B.-G. Cho*, M. K. Lee, J. W. Song, S. C. Kim,
H.-S. Tae*, N.-S. Jung, K.-S. Lee
Samsung SDI, Korea
*Kyungpook Nat. Univ., Korea
In this paper, a new driving scheme and energy recovery method is

proposed to reduce the cost of plasma display panel (PDP). In proposed
driving scheme, two electrodes in three-electrode type AC PDP are
used and sustain pulse which consist of positive and negative pulse is
applied to a scan electrode. In order to embody positive and negative
sustain pulse, PDP driving circuit that adopted the TSR (Two Stage
Recovery) method is proposed. Proposed driving scheme and energy
recovery method can reduce cost for driving circuit without increasing
power consumption.
PDPp1 - 8
New Cost-Effective Driving Method Based on Vt

Close Curve Analysis in AC PDP
B.-G. Cho, H.-S. Tae, K. Ito*, J. W. Song*, M. K. Lee*,
S.-C. Kim*, N.-S. Jung*, K.-S. Lee*
Kyungpook Nat. Univ., Korea
*Samsung SDI, Korea
A new driving waveform was proposed to reduce the cost in 42 inch

PDP-TV based on Vt close curve by eliminating the common board. Due
to the misfiring problem during sustain-period when applying new driving
waveform, the wall voltage was measured and analyzed using Vt close
curve. As a result of adopting proposed driving waveform designed
using Vt close curve analysis, the cost of PDP module could reduce
about 20 % compared with the conventional PDP module without
misfiring discharge.
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Wednesday
PDPp1 - 9
December 7
A Two-Step-Discharge Driving Method and
Quantitative Analysis of Increased Luminous
Efficiency of AC PDPs
K. Yamamoto, K. Suzuki, T. Kishi*, T. Sakamoto*
Hitachi, Japan
*Fujitsu Hitachi Plasma Display, Japan
A driving method for sustain-modulation two-step discharge was

developed, and factors in increased luminous efficiency of ac-PDPs
were quantitatively analyzed. The panel luminous efficiency achieved by
this method was 61% higher than that achieved by the conventional
method. The factors in increased luminous efficiency are (1) a 51%
increase in discharge luminous efficiency due to a lower discharge
space voltage, and (2) a 7% increase in discharge power efficiency
because of lower discharge current peaks in the panel.
PDPp1 - 10
Reducing Average Address Power of PDPs

X. Zhang, C. Liu, J. Zhang, Z. Tu
Xian Jiaotong Univ., China
Address power is proportional to the change rate of subfield data in

vertical direction. It can be reduced obviously using address energy
recover circuit for some picture with high change rate, but increase
address power for others with low change rate. According to the change
rate, adaptive energy recover circuit is developed and it can keep
address power in low for any picture.
PDPp1 - 11
Effects of Priming Particles on Reset Discharge

Produced by Dual-Slope Ramp Reset Waveforms in
AC PDP
J. K. Lim, H.-S. Tae
The effects of priming particles on the weak reset discharge

characteristics in the dual-slope ramp reset waveform are examined.
The first voltage-slope ramp waveform plays a role in producing the
priming particles, which has a significant influence on the reset
discharge during the second voltage-slope period. That is, the priming
particles produced by the first voltage-slope ramp waveform contribute
to facilitating and lowering the IR emission intensity during the second
voltage-slope period.
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Wednesday
PDPp1 - 12
December 7
New Address-While-Display Driving Method for High
Picture Quality PDP
J.-C. Jung, K. H. Seo, J. K. Kim*, K.-W. Whang
*Hankyong Nat. Univ., Korea
We propose a new address-while-display (AWD) driving method to

obtain a high contrast ratio and a wide driving margin in which short
ramp reset (SRR) pulse made it possible to assure a high dark room
contrast ratio of 10000 to 1 or more and a wide operating voltage
margin of 40V by redistributing the wall charges between address and
scan electrode effectively. Moreover, the improved moving picture quality
could be obtained by reducing the dynamic false contour through the
alternating subfield arrangement (ASA) method without any other
additional image processing.
PDPp1 - 13
Optical Characteristics for Image Sticking on AC

PDP
Y. G. Han, S. B. Lee, C. G. Son, S. H. Jeong, N. L. Yoo,
H. J. Lee, J. H. Lee, K. B. Song, B. D. Ko, J. M. Jeong,
P. Y. Oh, M. W. Moon, K. B. Jung, E. H. Choi*
Kwangwoon Univ., Korea
*LG. Philips LCD, Korea
We have investigated the driving method of AC-PDP for preventing

image sticking. The preventing method of image sticking was proposed
by adopting the SRP(Sticking Removal Pulse). The variation of
brightness is most affected by the MgO formed on the surface of the
phosphor layer. Using SRP we could take off the MgO on the phosphor.
As a result, the image sticking is reduced when the driving method
adopted an SRP.
PDPp1 - 14
Degradation Characteristics of MgO Protective Layer

and Phosphor in AC PDP
K. B. Song, P. Y. Oh, S. B. Lee, H. J. Lee, C. G. Son,
E. H. Choi
We have investigated the characteristics of degradation of MgO

protective layer and phosphor, which correlates to the image-sticking in
AC-PDP. Firing and sustain voltages have been lowered as compared
with those for normal MgO protective layer and barrier rib. But the test
panel without phosphor and barrier rib has been shown to have higher
firing and sustain voltages than those for the test panel with both barrier
rib and phosphors in AC-PDP. It is also found that the discharge current
was further delayed for the test panel without rear plate than those with
both barrier rib and phosphors.
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Wed./Thu.
PDPp1 - 15L
December 7/8
New Driving Method for High Contrast Ratio of AC
PDPs
J. G. Bae, J. Y. Kim
Sejong Univ., Korea
A new driving method that requires less reset time and that significantly
improves the dark room contrast ratio is introduced. Using this new
driving method, the required time for reset could be reduced to 150s
from 350s of the conventional ramp reset method, and almost infinite
dark room contrast ratio is obtainable because the luminance of the offcell is almost zero.
9:00 - 10:20
PDP2: Driving (1)

Chair
Co-Chair
PDP2 - 1:
9:00
H. Tolner, Consultant, The Netherlands

M. Uchidoi, Pioneer, Japan
Invited Challenge of Measuring Annual Energy
Consumption of TV Sets
L. F. Weber
Consultant, USA
The complex TV-signal-dependent energy con-sumption characteristics

of PDP TVs are analyzed to arrive at an energy measurement method
that is fair to all TV display technologies including: LCD, PDP, CRT,
OLED, FED and Projection.
PDP2 - 2
9:20
Driving of High Contrast and High Speed

Discharging PDP
K. Sakata, T. Tokunaga, M. Nishimura, S. Iwaoka,
N. Saegusa
Pioneer, Japan
New driving waveform optimized for CEL structure (new cell design
using Crystal Emissive Layer) has been introduced. CEL has made
stable and very weak reset discharge possible, and dark room contrast
ratio of 4000:1 is obtained. High speed discharging of CEL structure and
low address power consumption of CLEAR driving method have realized
the single scan addressing of XGA plasma display panel (PDP). We
assure that these technologies will open the much higher resolution
PDP era.
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Thursday
December 8
PDP2 - 3
9:40
High-Speed Driving of PDPs with Wall-Charge

Elimination Write-Address Scheme
T. Sawada, T. Koike, D. H. Kim, T. Shiga, K. Igarashi,
S. Mikoshiba
Univ. of Electro-Commun., Japan
A high-speed driving technique is introduced in which addressing is

done by eliminating, instead of accumulating, the wall charges. The data
pulse of 1.33s wide and 100V was realized in a Ne+10%Xe PDP. A
contrast of 3200:1 was obtained by providing one setup period in a TV
field.
PDP2 - 4
10:00
New LLC Resonant Converter with Multiple Outputs

for High Efficiency and Low Cost PDP Power Module
C.-E. Kim, K.-H. Yi, S.-W. Choi, G.-W. Moon, D.-W. Kim*,
K.-I. Oh*, N.-S. Jung*, K.-S. Lee*
KAIST, Korea
*Samsung SDI, Korea
A new LLC resonant converter with multiple outputs is proposed for high
efficiency and low cost plasma display panel (PDP) power module. By
employing the transformer, which has the two and more secondary side,
the proposed converter can have multiple outputs and they show the
great cross-regulation characteristics. Therefore, the proposed converter
can be implemented with high efficiency, low cost, and compact size,
and then the proposed converter is suitable for high efficiency and low
cost PDP power module.
----- Break -----
10:40 - 12:00
PDP3: Discharge and Driving (2)

Chair
Co-Chair
K. W. Whang, Seoul Nat. Univ., Korea

S. Mikoshiba, Univ. of Electro-Commun., Japan
PDP3 - 1
10:40
Analysis on Reset Discharge Characteristic in AC

PDP with Sustain Gap of 200m
K.-H. Park, S.-K. Jang, H.-S. Tae, J.-H. Seo*, S.-H. Lee**
*Incheon Univ., Korea
**Inha Univ., Korea
The reset discharge characteristic is investigated in a sustain gap of 200

m. As the sustain gap is wider, the stable weak discharge region using
an MgO cathode condition is decreased, whereas the unstable weak
discharge region using a phosphor cathode condition is increased. To
reduce the unstable reset discharge in a sustain gap of 200m, the bias
voltage (Vadd-bias) needs to be applied additionally to the address
electrode during the ramp-up period and the X-bias voltage (Vcom-bias)
needs to be controlled properly to the common(X)electrode during the
ramp-down period. The reset discharge in a sustain gap of...
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Thursday
PDP3 - 2
11:00
December 8
Feasibility of Driving PDP with 1-Volt Data and 30Volt Scan Pulses by Utilizing Self-Erase-Discharge
Threshold
A. Saito, T. Shiga, S. Mikoshiba
Univ. of Electro-Commun., Japan
Data and scan pulse voltages can be reduced to 1 and 30 volts,

respectively, by utilizing a sharp threshold of self-erase-discharge
ignition, provided that the panel has perfectly uniform characteristics. If
the panel has a breakdown voltage nonuniformity of V, then the data
pulse voltage has to be increased by V. To realize the low voltage
addressing operation, the erase-addressing scheme is adopted together
with accumulating an appropriate amount of wall charges prior to the
addressing.
PDP3 - 3
11:20
Study on Characteristics of AC PDP with Stacked

Facing Electrode
J. W. Ok, H. J. Lee, W. S. Choi, Y. M. Jang, H. J. Lee,
C. H. Park, J. S. Kim*, J. H. Ryu*
*LG Elect., Korea
In this study, we propose a new structure of stacked facing-electrode.

The proposed structure has a long discharge gap, low discharge
currents, high luminance, so it has high luminous efficiency. On the
basis of results from 2-D simulation model, we make 4-inch test panel
formed by the structure of stacked facing-electrode. When compared
with the conventional structure of coplanar-electrode, proposed structure
showed about 2.9 times increment of luminous efficiency, 49%
improvement of luminance, and 62% decrement of discharge currents.
PDP3 - 4
11:40
High Luminous Efficacy AC PDP with Auxiliary

Electrodes
N.H. Shin, K. S. Lee, S. C. Song, B. J. Shin, K. C. Choi*
Sejong Univ., Korea
*KAIST, Korea
High luminous efficacy AC PDP with the auxiliary electrodes in the front
plate was proposed and investigated. The auxiliary electrode located at
the center of scan and common electrode was made of transparent ITO.
The efficacy had its maximum value when the spacing between scan
and common electrode was 200m. The maximum efficacy of test panel
with stripe barrier rib, VGA resolution, and green cell was 6.7 lm/W for
Ne+13%Xe and 8.7 lm/W for Ne+20%Xe gas-mixture, respectively.
Author Interviews
17:30 - 18:30
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Thursday
December 8
15:00 - 17:00
Exhibition Hall
Poster PDPp2: PDP (2)

PDPp2 - 1
High Resolution Photosensitive Ag Paste and

Photolithographic Process for PDP
L. S. Park, H. S. Yoon, D. G. Kim, S. H. Kim, Y. J. Hur,
A. Tawfik
Several methods are available for the fabrication of electrode pattern for
the plasma display panel ( PDP ) including screen printing ,
photolithographic and piezo-type ink-jet printing methods. In this work
we synthesized acrylic terpolymers with different acid value and
molecular weight as binder polymers and examined their effect on the
photolithographic patterning of electrodes on the PDP panel from the
view point of high definition TV application.
PDPp2 - 2
Prevention of Yellowing of Bi-Based Transparent

Dielectric Layers in PDP
J. S. Park, J. H. Hwang, C. Y. Kim, T. Masaki*, D. K. Choi**,
K. J. Hong***
Korea Inst. of Ceramic Eng. & Tech., Korea
*Halla Univ., Korea
**Hanyang Univ., Korea
***Phoenix PDE, Korea
Method of the preventing yellowing which is caused by the formation of

Ag colloids was examined. To prevent yellowing, we examined the effect
of firing temperature of dielectric layer, metal oxide additives and the
particle size of transparent dielectric glass. Yellowing was diminished as
the firing temperature increased. Among the many kinds of metal oxide
additives, best result of preventing yellowing was obtained by the
addition of CuO. With the effect of particle size, large particle size
showed the less yellowing.
PDPp2 - 3
Withdrawn
PDPp2 - 4
Withdrawn
PDPp2 - 5
Temperature Dependence of Secondary Electron

Emission from MgO
K. Tsustumi*, M. Ishimoto**, T. Fukasawa*, G. Uchida*,
H. Kajiyama*, T. Shinoda*,**
**Fujitsu Labs., Japan
Secondary electron emission (SEE) from MgO is measured at the

temperatures between 373 and 673 K. The sample is the one deposited
at 523 K on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrate. We find that
there are three SEE phases depending on the temperatures: low
emission phase above 573 K, high emission phase below 423 K and
transition phase at intermediate temperatures.
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Thursday
PDPp2 - 6
December 8
Electro-Optical and Degradation Characteristics of
MgO Protective Layer after RF Plasma Treatment
C. G. Son, H. J. Lee, Y. G. Han, S. H. Jeong, N. L. Yoo,
S. B. Lee, J. E. Lim, J. H. Lee, B. D. Ko, J. M. Jeoung,
M. W. Moon, P. Y. Oh, J. C. Jung, W. B. Park*, E. H. Choi
*LG Elect., Korea
We investigated electro-optical and degradation characteristics of MgO

protective layer after radio frequency (RF) plasma treatment. Specially,
O2 plasma treatment has best discharge characteristics, because O2
plasma removed the contaminating materials from the surface of MgO
through the physical etching and the chemical reaction. These surface
properties changing have an effect on degradation characteristics. The
degraded MgO have been changed the surface morphology. As
deposited MgO surface morphology is changed more than O2 plasma
treatment MgO. This result means that O2 plasma treatment MgO
surface is harder then as deposited MgO surface.
PDPp2 - 7
Sputtering Yield of MgO Protective Layer in AC PDPs

H. J. Lee, C. G. Son, S. H. Jung, Y. K. Han, S. B. Lee,
N. L. Yoo, J. E. Lim, J. H. Lee, K. B. Song, M. W. Moon,
P. Y. Oh, B. D. Ko, J. M. Jeong, J. W. Hyun, E. H. Choi
The sputtering yield of MgO protective layer is related with the image
sticking. In this research, we have investigated the sputtering yield of
various MgO protective layers. So we have measured ion induced
secondary electron emission coefficient, the sputtering yield and erosion
rate of MgO protective layer and have observed the surface of MgO
layer. As a result, we have concluded that fused poly MgO is the most
stability material as protective layer of AC-PDP.
PDPp2 - 8
Characteristics of Discharge and Secondary

Electron Emission Coefficient for MgAl2O4/MgO
Protective Layer in AC PDPs
J. M. Jeoung, B. D. Ko, P. Y. Oh, M. Y. Moon, K. B. Song,
J. H. Lee, J. E. Leem, H. J. Lee, Y. K. Han, S. B. Lee,
S. H. Jeong, C. K. Son, N. R. Yu, E. H. Choi
The secondary electron emission coefficient () of the MgAl2O4/MgO

protective layer has been investigated by -focused ion beam(-FIB)
system. The MgAl2O4/MgO protective layer have been found to have
higher values from 0.09 up to 0.12 than those for MgAl2O4 protective
layer from 0.06 up to 0.07 for Ne+ ion energies ranged from 90eV to 200
eV. Also it is found that for the MgAl2O4/MgO protective layer of
secondary electron emission coefficient () is similar to that for the MgO
protective layer.
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Thursday
PDPp2 - 9
December 8
Measurement of Excited Xe Atom Density, MicroDischarge Plasma Density and Electron Temperature
in AC PDP
P. Y. Oh, J. H. Lee, S. H. Jeong, S. B. Lee, M. W. Moon,
E. H. Choi
The plasma ion density in AC-PDP is increased from 5.6 x 1011 cm-3 to
9.0 x 1011 cm-3 as the Xe mixture ratio to neon increase from 1 % to 10
%, respectively, at 400 Torr. It is also noted that 5.2 x 1012 cm-3 in the
1s5 metastable state and 1.2 x 1012 cm-3 in the 1s4 resonance state for
the same condition. It is observed that the exited Xe atom density and
the plasma ion density are in strong correlation sharp between each
other in this experiment.
PDPp2 - 10
Measurement of Excited Xe Atom Density with

Position on Sustaining Electrode in AC PDPs
S. B. Lee, P. Y. Oh, J. H. Lee, H. J. Lee, Y. G. Han,
S. H. Jeong, C. G. Son, B. D. Ko, J. M. Jeoung, J. E. Lim,
N. L. Yoo, M. W. Moon, K. B. Song, E. H. Choi
In this study, we have been measured in the 1s5 metastable state by

varying position of bus electrodes with ITO gap of 50 m distances
under the fixed gas pressure of 350 Torr and Ne-Xe(10%) mixture gas
by laser absorption spectroscopy in AC-PDP. It is noted that the
maximum excited xenon atoms densities are 1.8x1013 cm-1, 1.6x1013 cm-1
and 1.7x1013 cm-1 for the outbus, middle, and inside ones. And the
voltage margin for the inside, middle side and outside cases is 70 V, 95
V, 84V respectively. However, there is no difference of discharge current
delay.
PDPp2 - 11
Influence of Permittivity of Dielectric Layer on

Discharge Characteristics in High-Resolution AC
PDP
Y. Hirano, K. Ishii, Y. Murakami
NHK, Japan
In order to explore the possibility of realizing the high-resolution AC

PDP, we have been examining the discharge characteristics of a finepitch discharge cell. The discharge region in AC PDP is surrounded by
insulator materials, and so the electrical characteristics of the material
have a greater effect on the discharge characteristics. In this study, we
have attention to permittivity of panel material, and we performed
analysis for the discharge characteristics of the fine-pitch discharge cell
using 3-D discharge simulation.
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Thursday
PDPp2 - 12
December 8
Spatial Density Distribution of 1s5 Excited Xe Atoms
with Operating Time Measured by Laser Absorption
Spectroscopy in AC PDP
J. H. Lee, P. Y. Oh, S. B. Lee, H. J. Lee, Y. G. Han,
S. H. Jeong, M. W. Moon, E. H. Choi
In this study, we have measured the absorption signals for the 1s5
xenon metastable state in the PDP cell with gap distances of 120m
under the gas pressure of 350Torr and He(50%)-Ne-Xe(10%)mixture
gas in accordance with degradation times for the 72hours. It is found
that the peak of excited xenon atoms density was increased rapidly at
operation time of 12 hours from 6.56*1012cm-3 to 8.78*1012cm-3. And then
it was increased continuously and slowly as operation time passed until
72hours. And it is found that the peak of excited xenon atoms density
was broad as the degradation time was long.
PDPp2 - 13
Front Address Structure for High Luminous Efficacy

AC PDPs
Y. Okumura, Y. Shintani, T. Ishibashi, M. Yoshinari,
T. Komaki
Pioneer, Japan
8-inch AC Plasma Display Panels with front address (FA) structures are
developed. Deep barrier ribs and high Xe content gas are applied to FA
structures for high luminous efficacy. FA structures have some
advantages under conditions of deep barrier ribs and high Xe content
gas.
PDPp2 - 14
Numerical Analysis of Capacitance between X-Y

Electrodes, and A-Y Electrodes on Cell Parameter in
AC PDPs
E. Y. Jung, J. C. Ahn, S. B. Kim, K. J. Suh, E. G. Heo,
B. H. Lee, K. S. Lee, S. B. You, J. S. Jung, J. Y. Park,
S. B. Song, H. Y. Lee
Samsung SDI, Korea
The characteristics of charge distribution on cell parameters are

investigated by using numerical simulation in order to find a relation
between wall charge distribution with respect to cell parameters and
realize a full HD PDP. The simulation results show that both capacitance
of front panel (Cxy) and rear panel (Cay) strongly depend on the
address electrode width, and barrier rib properties such as rib height,
permittivity, rib shape. In addition, the wall charge distribution has strong
correlation and a influence on determining a discharge characteristics
with respect to cell geometry.
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Thursday
PDPp2 - 15
December 8
Effect of Kr and Ar on Discharge Time Lag and
Image Retention in AC PDP with High Xe Content
S. H. Kim, K. C. Choi*, B. J. Shin, K.-Y. Choi**, E.-H. Yoo**
Sejong Univ., Korea
*KAIST, Korea
**LG Elect., Korea
The additive gas effect on the discharge time lag of address pulse and
the image retention was investigated in AC PDP with Ne+13%Xe gasmixture. The discharge time lag was improved by adding a small amount
Kr gas to Ne+13%Xe gas-mixture up to 2% and thereafter gotten worse.
In the case of the addition of Ar gas to the Ne+13%Xe, the discharge
time lag of address pulse was not improved. The image retention time
was improved in AC PDP with Ne+13%Xe+[Kr or Ar] gas-mixture when
the concentration of Ar or Kr was varied from 1 to 5%.
PDPp2 - 16
Vacuum Ultraviolet Luminous Efficiency of He-Ne-Xe

Gas Mixture in AC PDP
N. L. Yoo, J. H. Lee, Y. G. Han, S. B. Lee, C. G. Son,
S. H. Jeong, H. J. Lee, J. E. Lim, P. Y. Oh, M. W. Moon,
J. M. Jeoung, B. D. Ko, K. B. Jung*, H. S. Uhm**,
E. H. Choi
**Ajou Univ., Korea
The gas mixture ratio is major factor to improve the luminous efficiency.
To achieve the high luminous efficiency, high VUV emission efficiency is
needed. Currently ternary gas(He-Ne-Xe) is being researched actively to
improve luminous efficiency. To find the optimal gas mixture ratio for
improving VUV luminous efficiency, we measured VUV intensities of 147
nm and 173 nm. The VUV emission characteristics of He(50%)-Ne-Xe
showed similar to He(70%)-Ne-Xe tendency. And the VUV emission
efficiency of He(50%)-Ne-Xe is nearly similar to He(70%)-Ne-Xe.
PDPp2 - 17
Influence of Oxidation of MgO Pellet on Discharging

Properties of AC PDP
B. D. Ko, J. M. Jung, H. J. Lee, C. K. Son, P. Y. Oh,
M. W. Moon, K. B. Song, J. E. Leem, Y. K. Han, S. B. Lee,
S. H. Jung, N. R. Yu, J. H. Lee, E. H. Choi
In order to remove Oxygen Vacancy in the MgO pellet of a raw material

of protective layer of AC-PDP, We had impregnated with O2 gas of high
pressure to MgO pellet. And we measured content of Hydrogen and
Carbon in the pellet by EA(Elemental Analyzer), and also we measured
film density, secondary electron emission coefficient(). The result is
content of impurities are lower than conventional type pellet. And the
film from oxidation pellet, and the film density, secondary electron
emission coefficient, and lower discharging voltage than the film from
conventional type pellet.
115
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Thursday
PDPp2 - 18
December 8
Influence of Crystal Orientation on Secondary
Electron Emission of Polycrystalline MgO Film on
Silicon
H. K. Yu, W. K. Kim, J.-L. Lee, J. S. Kim*, J. H. Ryu*
Pohang Univ. of Sci. & Tech., Korea
*LG Elect., Korea
The relationship between crystal orientation and secondary electron

emission characteristics of polycrystalline MgO films was investigated.
The secondary electron emission coefficient significantly increased with
decreasing deposition rate
5 A sec). The X-ray diffraction results

showed that the (111) to (200) peak intensity ratio of MgO films
increased with deposition rate, which was due to the higher surface
energy of MgO (111) plane. MgO films predominantly (111) oriented axis
have higher work function, leading to the decrease of secondary
electron emission coefficient.
" !
PDPp2 - 19
Relationship between Density of MgO Thin Films

and Panel Properties of AC PDP
W. C. Lee, S. O. Kim, K. L. Chen*, S. Chen*, C. P. Lee*,
C. M. Huang*
The MgO thin films for AC-PDPs are deposited by e-beam evaporation
with varied oxygen flow rate and e-beam current. The panel properties
such as luminance, response time, dynamic margin, color temperature
and CIE coordinate are characterized as a function of time with the
aging environment. The result reveals that a plasma display panel with
MgO thin film of lower O2 flow rate would provide better panel properties
due to higher density of MgO thin film and higher cystallinity companied
with higher surface roughness.
PDPp2 - 20
Withdrawn
PDPp2 - 21
Physical Stability of Cathode Materials from IonBombardment in Discharge

M. L. Cha, H. S. Kim
Inha Univ., Korea
PDPp2 - 22
Study of Discharge for 25-in. SVGA SM-PDP without

ITO
X. Zhang, Y. Tu, Q. Li, Y. Tang, Z. Fan, L. Yang, Y. Zheng,
B. Wang
A 25 inch SVGA ACPDP with shadow mask (SMPDP) is presented in

this paper. Capacitance has been reduced over 20% by adopting ITOless structure, which enables high speed addressing for large capacity
display. Color purity has been improved by applying high Xe content.
Discharge characteristics are studied by capturing discharging process
with ICCD camera.
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Thu./Fri.
PDPp2 - 23L
December 8/9
Discoloration of Transparent Dielectric with Bi2O3
Glass Frit
S. J. Hwang, M. L. Cha, H. S. Kim
Inha Univ., Korea
In display industry the lead glass has been altered to lead free oxide
glass due to the environment regulation. However, thick films of lead
free oxide glass discolor after firing. The aim of the present paper is to
give the source of discoloration with evaluating the bismuth glass frit
surface. Based on our preliminary results, the lead free glass should be
considered with designing composition, selecting a milling solution, and
dealing with non-contamination.
Friday, December 9
9:00 - 10:20
PDP4: Image Quality

Chair
Co-Chair
PDP4 - 1:
9:00
C. Wedding, Imaging Syss. Tech., USA

K. Nunomura, Pioneer, Japan
Invited Ergonomic Requirements for Large-Area Flat
Panel TVs
M. Takahashi
Osaka Kyoiku Univ., Japan
Large-area flat panel PDP- and LCD-TVs are being used more and
more these days in home. These new kinds of TVs were evaluated from
ergonomic viewpoints of display visibility and visual fatigue. The results
showed that LCD-TVs caused a noticeable luminance and chromatic
variation of the picture with viewing angle, and decrease of visual acuity
in prolonged watching of video image with rapid motion. This current
ergonomic evaluation suggests that PDP-TVs can be superior to LCDTVs as home-use.
PDP4 - 2
9:20
Driving Waveform for Reducing Temporal Dark Image

Sticking in AC PDP
C.-S. Park, B.-G. Cho, J.-H. Han, H.-S. Tae, D. H. Lee,
S.-I. Chein, B. J. Shin*
*Sejong Univ., Korea
The experimental observation on the IR emission during a ramp-up

reset period shows that the activated MgO surface and the wall charges
accumulating on the address electrode prior to the reset period are two
dominant factors for a temporal dark image sticking phenomenon. As a
result of monitoring the difference in the IR emission and luminance
between the cells with and without image sticking, the new driving
waveforms, including pre-reset and reset waveforms, and negative-going
ramp-type X bias, are proposed for a complete elimination of the
temporal dark image sticking without deteriorating the address discharge
characteristics.
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Friday
December 9
PDP4 - 3
9:40
Firing Voltage Fluctuation Phenomenon Caused by

Gas Density Nonuniformity in PDPs
T. Kosaka, K. Sakita, K. Betsui
The mechanism of temporal image sticking in PDPs is not understood in

detail. This paper shows that the temperature-dependent characteristics
of the firing voltage related to the image sticking are derived from gas
density nonuniformity in a panel, and its principle is based on the
Paschens law. Using this mechanism, we found that the temporal image
sticking can be controlled by changing the gas pressure in a panel.
PDP4 - 4
10:00
Discharge Characteristics under Various Panel

Temperature and Modified Ramp-Reset Waveform
Robust for Variable Panel Temperature
S.-K. Jang, H.-S. Tae, S.-B. Kim*, E.-Y. Jung*, K.-J. Suh*,
J.-C. Ahn*, E.-G. Heo*, B.-H. Lee*, K.-S. Lee*
*Samsung SDI, Korea
The changes in the discharge characteristics such as a firing voltage

and IR emission among the three electrodes are examined relative to
the low or high panel temperature ranging from -10 to 80 based on
the Vt close curve measurement method. It is observed that the
variation in the panel temperature has a significant influence on the
surface discharge between the MgO surfaces rather than the plate gap
discharge between the MgO and phosphor layers. Based on this
experimental observation, the modified reset waveform that alleviates
the surface discharge during a ramp-up period is proposed. As a result
of...
----- Break -----
10:40 - 11:55
PDP5: Novel PDPs

Chair
Co-Chair
PDP5 - 1:
10:40
R. L. Johnson, Info. Tech., USA

R. Murai, Matsushita Elec. Ind., Japan
Invited
Technologies for Cost Competitive PDP
W.-S. Jang
LG Elect., Korea
In order to reduce the cost of PDP(Plasma Display Panel)materials and

process should be innovated as well as PDP cell design and driving
circuitries. By adopting new materials and process, the cost can be reduced to half of current cost, and it will ensure the competitiveness in
the market.
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Friday
December 9
PDP5 - 2
11:00
Electronic Drive Technique for Plasma-Sphere

Displays
C. Wedding, J. Guy, E. Peters
Imaging Syss. Tech., USA
Imaging Systems Technology (IST) is engaged in the research and

development of large flexible monochrome and color displays using
Plasma-spheres as the pixel elements. Plasma-spheres are hollow
spheres formed of glass containing an ionizable gas. The Plasmasphere is a closed cell structure that provides unique advantages over a
conventional open cell plasma display or a gas plasma tube display. In
this paper, IST will report on various drive techniques applied to the
Plasma-sphere display.
PDP5 - 3
11:20
Fabrication of 25-in. SVGA SMPDP Panel

Q. Li, X. Zhang, Y. M. Tang, Z. W. Fan, Y. S. Zheng,
B. P. Wang
The fabrication techniques of the 25-inch SVGA SMPDP panel are

studied in this paper. The bus electrode without ITO was employed in
the front substrate, which is made by Aluminum with thin film process
instead of conventional Ag with thick film process. Due to this
amelioration, the uniformity of the dielectric layer had been improved.
Only five fabrication processes, including photolithography, were needed
during the manufacture of the front/rear substrate. The characteristics of
this panel were also presented in order to verify the new fabrication
techniques.
PDP5 - 4L
11:40
A New Improved Reset Waveform for High Dark

Room Contrast Ratio and Reduction of the Reset
Time in AC PDPs
I.-M. Lee, J.-Y. Kim
Sejong Univ., Korea
A new improved reset waveform for the high contrast ratio and reduction
of the reset time is presented. Except the first subfield, a new improved
reset waveform with only ramp-up period is adopted. The experimentally
measured background luminance was zero whereas the conventional
reset method generated background luminance of 0.40 cd/m2. Thus, we
obtained infinitely high dark room contrast ratio. The new improved reset
waveform reduced the required time for reset per subfield to 165us
except the first subfield.
----- Lunch -----
14:00 - 15:25
PDP6: High Resolution Technologies

Chair
Co-Chair
B. P. Wang, Southeast Univ., China

H. Uchiike, Japan
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Friday
PDP6 - 1:
14:00
December 9
Invited Spatiotemporal Behavior of Exited Atoms in
Discharge Cell of High-Resolution AC PDP
K. Ishii, Y. Hirano, Y. Murakami, K. Tachibana*
NHK, Japan
*Kyoto Univ., Japan
The spatiotemporal behavior of excited Xe atoms which leads to the

VUV emission was estimated by a microscopic laser absorption
spectroscopy with a 100 m horizontal cell pitch coplanar structure ACPDP. The metastable Xe*(1s5)atoms converted to Xe2* dimers in a short
time, thus stronger VUV emissions were estimated at higher gas
pressure. In addition, it was found that the gap length-related alteration
of the luminance characteristics was dependent on the enlarging excited
atoms formation area on the anode side.
PDP6 - 2
14:20
Arrays of Microcavity Plasma Devices: Concepts for

Future PDPs
S.-J. Park, K.-F. Chen, S.-H. Sung, T. Spinka, J. G. Eden
Univ. of Illinois, USA
Microcavity plasma devices having characteristic dimensions below 100

m have been investigated as a candidate for the next generation of
plasma displays. Arrays of inverted pyramid microcavity devices,
fabricated in Si with emitting apertures of (50 m)2 and designed for AC
excitation, demonstrate a luminous efficacy above 6 lm/W at pressures
beyond one atmosphere of Ne/Xe mixtures. Also a new ceramic
multilayered device has been fabricated and characterized. Stable
microdischarges with high spatial-contrast are observed in 100~200 m
diameter microcavities.
PDP6 - 3L
14:40
50-in. 1080p High-Definition PDP TV

T. Komaki
Pioneer, Japan
50-inch 1080p high-definition plasma TV is newly developed. The cell

size is 0.191(H) x 0.575(V) mm. Luminous efficacy is about 1.8 lm/W,
because of using CEL (Crystal Emissive Layer structure) technology. It
is effective to improve discharge probability, static delay time and
luminous efficacy. Gray scale is almost the same as that of wide-XGA.
PDP6 - 4L
14:55
High-Contrast 55-in. Full High-Definition PDP

M. Onozawa, T. Matsui, K. Ohira, M. Sawa, H. Harada,
H. Ikeda, M. Tajima, T. Kishi
We have developed a 55-inch full high-definition (full HD) PDP with 2.07
M (19201080) pixels. We designed new panel and increased drive
frequency to obtain high luminance. A high-contrast reset system was
employed to obtain a high contrast ratio. We have achieved the white
peak luminance of 960 cd/m2 and the black luminance of 0.17 cd/m2,
which leads to a contrast ratio of 5600:1.
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Friday
December 9
PDP6 - 5L
15:10
65 in. Full-Spec HD PDP

I. Kawahara, S. Okumura, H. Taniguchi, H. Setoguchi,
Y. Tsujita, R. Murai
Having developed a 65 Full HD PDP(1920 x 1080 progressive), we

launched it onto the market this October as our first consumer product.
We describe here the 65 full HD panel structure, comparing it with the
latest 65 HD(1366 x 768)panel. We also discuss the issues of picture
quality from a new aspect, focusing on characteristics such as moving
definition and contrast ratio in which it is superior to LCDs.
Author Interviews
17:10 - 18:10
Sponsor:
Plasma Display Technical Meeting
PDP International Forum '05

10:00 - 15:30, Saturday, Dec. 10
History Museum (5-min walk from IDW venue)
Meet Prof. Don Bitzer, the inventor of PDP, at the
luncheon with wine. Join discussion on "how to
dominate the TV world" with internationally
well-known scientists. Everyone is welcome.
inquiry: [email protected]
121
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Wednesday
December 7
Workshop on
EL Displays, LEDs and Phosphors
13:40 - 15:20
PH1: Phosphors in General

Chair
Co-Chair
PH1 - 1:
13:40
Y. Nakanishi, Shizuoka Univ., Japan

S. Itoh, Futaba Corp., Japan
Invited Pictures of The Future - A Specific Approach
to Industrial Foresight: Application Potential to
Materials and Active Displays ?
D. Theis
Siemens AG, Germany
Reliable assessments of future developments in technologies and

markets are necessary for industry. As a complementary approach to
the frequently employed roadmapping a Siemens foresight method
identifying comprehensive megatrends in various business segments
called Pictures of the Future is explained. This method helps
identifying future needs, requirements and applications including display
technologies from a system integrators point of view.
PH1 - 2
14:10
Correlation between Cathodeluminescence

Enhancement and Surface Charges of ZnS:Mn Thin
Film Phosphor Induced by Ultrasonication Treatment
D. C. Lee, J. H. Kang, S. J. Yun*, S. A. Bukesov**,
D. Y. Jeon
KAIST, Korea
*Elect. & TeleCommun. Res. Lab., Korea
**Seoul Semiconductor, Korea
Correlation between cathodoluminescence (CL) enhancement and

surface charges of ZnS:Mn thin film phosphor after ultrasonication
treatment was investigated using surface analysis technique. After
ultrasonication treatment in KOH solutions, CL property of ZnS:Mn
phosphor film was improved, but photoluminescence (PL) was not.
Luminescence properties indicated that CL enhancement was mostly
caused by surface charges formed by ultrasonication treatment. Through
specified surface analysis technique, it was confirmed that CL property
was improved with the amount of surface charges.
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Wednesday
December 7
PH1 - 3
14:30
Luminescent Properties of ZnO:Er Thin Films

Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering
H. Song, Y. J. Kim
Kyonggi Univ., Korea
ZnO:Er films were deposited on c-plane sapphire substrates by rf

magnetron sputtering, and annealed at 700 in different atmospheres,
air and H2. The effects of sputtering parameters and the annealing
conditions on the luminescence were investigated. Highly c-axis oriented
ZnO:Er films could be obtained on c-plane sapphire substrates. They
showed emission bands at around 465nm and 525nm, while ZnO:Er
powders at 520nm and 575nm. Luminescent properties rarely depended
on the crystallinity of films, but were strongly affected by annealing
atmosphere.
PH1 - 4:
14:50
Invited Crystal Chemistry, Defect Chemistry, and

Degradation Processes in BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+
A. L. Diaz, B. Dawson
Central Washington Univ., USA
It is well known that the color and efficiency of BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+(BAM)

degrade after heating in air or after exposure to vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)
radiation. Research conducted in the last decade has led to a fairly
comprehensive understanding of these degradation processes and their
relationship to the crystal and defect chemistry of BAM. These
connections are discussed, and attempts to improve the blue phosphor
for VUV applications are described.
Author Interviews
17:30 - 18:30
15:00 - 17:00
Citizens Gallery
Poster PHp: Phosphors

PHp - 1
Effects of Surface Modification on

Photoluminescence Properties of LaPO4:Ce,Tb
Nano-Phosphor Synthesized by Solvothermal
Reaction
F. Nishimura, T. Isobe
Keio Univ., Japan
LaPO4:Ce,Tb nano-phosphors are synthesized from lanthanum acetate,

cerium acetate, terbium acetate and trimethyl phosphate by the
solvothermal reaction. The surface modification of LaPO4:Ce,Tb nanophosphor powder by lauryl phosphate increases the PL intensity by a
factor of 18. The surface modification is effective for LaPO4:Ce, but not
for LaPO4:Tb. The surface-passivation plays a significant role in the
suppression of energy loss and the higher site-symmetry around Ce3+.
123
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Wednesday
PHp - 2
December 7
Enhancement of Photoluminescence Properties of
Y2O3:Eu3+ Nanophosphor by Pre-Dispersing
Synthetic Method with Organic Solvent
S.-J. Hong, M.-G. Kwak, J.-I. Han
In this work, photoluminescence properties of the Y 2 O 3 :Eu 3+

nanophosphor was enhanced by applying newly developed predispersing synthetic method with organic solvent. The particle size was
smaller than 4 nm, and crystallinity of I(222)/I(511) was enhanced to
10.5. Also, using the 250 nm ultraviolet source, the highly intensive
photoluminescence properties could be achieved at 611 nm with the
pre-dispersing synthetic method with organic solvent.
PHp - 3
Synthesis of SrY2S4:Eu Red-Emitting Phosphor

A. Mimoto, H. Kominami, K. Hara, Y. Nakanishi,
Y. Hatanaka*
Shizuoka Univ., Japan
*Aichi Univ. of Tech., Japan
SrY2S4:Eu red emitting phosphor was prepared using solid phase

reaction. SrY2S4 phase was obtained by XRD measurements, however,
SrS and Y2O2S phases was also appeared. The powders were fired in
active-carbon and sulfur mixed atmosphere, and changed the ratio of
active-carbon and sulfur. The broad spectrum peaked around 640 nm
from Eu2+ transition was obtained on PL measurement excited by 325
nm of He-Cd laser or Xe lamp.
PHp - 4
Photoluminescent Properties of Eu-Activated

Y2O3-SrF2 Powders
Y. Tsuchiya
NHK, Japan
Eu 3+ -activated Y 2 O 3-SrF 2 powders are fabricated for the full

compositional range of Y2O3-SrF2. Their photoluminescent and
crystallographic properties are investigated. Powders of 2 to 60% SrF2
concentration show photoluminescence more than two times stronger
than the Sr-undoped Y2O3:Eu specimen. Also studied are the effects of
successive sintering on the luminance, Eu concentrations on the
chromaticity, and boron codoping on the porosity.
PHp - 5
New Silicate Phosphors for White LED

K. Toda, Y. Kawakami, S. Kousaka, Y. Ito, A. Komeno,
K. Uematsu, M. Sato
Niigata Univ., Japan
This study specifically addresses development of new silicate phosphors

for a white LED. In the europium doped A2O-BO-SiO2 (A = Li+, Na+; B =
Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+) ternary system, three LED phosphor candidates -Li2
SrSiO 4 :Eu 2+ , Ca 3 Si 2 O 7 :Eu 2+ and Na 2 SrSi 2 O 6 :Eu 3 + were found.
Luminescent properties under near UV and visible excitation were
investigated for the new Eu2+ and Eu3+ doped LED silicate phosphors.
The new phosphor has a relatively strong absorption band in a long
wavelength region.
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Wednesday
PHp - 6
December 7
Preparation of La2O2S:Eu Thin Film Phosphors for
Near UV Excitation
M. Kato, H. Kominami, K. Hara, Y. Nakanishi, Y. Hatanaka*
La2O2S:Eu thin films for near ultraviolet(NUV)excitation were prepared

by sulfurization of La2O3:Eu thin film deposited by EB evaporation on
quartz substrate. La2O2S phase was obtained by sulfurization process
using annealing in H2S atmosphere above 30 minutes. The red-emission
of La2O2S:Eu was observed under excitation by 325 nm of He-Cd laser.
The intensity of the film annealed 30 minutes was the highest.
PHp - 7
Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of New LED

Yellow Phosphor Li2SrSiO4:Eu2+
Y. Ito, M. Kawamoto, K. Uematsu, K. Toda, M. Sato
Niigata Univ., Japan
Divalent europium activated Li2SrSiO4 was investigated as a phosphor

for the application to a white emitting light source using a blue LED. The
Li2SrSiO4:Eu2+ phosphor was efficiently excited by visible light (400 480 nm), yielding a yellow emission at 570 nm. The phosphor showed a
good thermal luminescence property at high temperatures. The yellow
phosphor, Eu2+ -activated Li2SrSiO4, is a promising material for LED
applications because of its broad excitation band, excellent emission
color and high thermal stability.
PHp - 8
Luminescent Properties of (Sr1-xMx)3SiO5:Eu2+(M =

Ca, Ba) Phosphor for White Emitting Light Source
Using Blue/Near UV LEDs
H. S. Jang, W. B. Im, D. Y. Jeon
KAIST, Korea
Eu2+ doped Sr3SiO5 was investigated as a phosphor for the application

to white emitting light source using blue/near ultraviolet (n-UV) LEDs.
Sr3SiO5:Eu2+ phosphors were synthesized by solid state reaction method
and their luminescent properties were investigated. Sr3SiO5:Eu2+
phosphor showed a bright orange-yellow emission under the excitation
with a blue radiation and or n-UV radiation. The blue LED pumped and
n-UV LED pumped Strontium silicate white light sources were fabricated
and their luminescent properties were investigated.
PHp - 9
In Situ Neutron Powder Diffraction Analyses of

BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ Phosphor with Increasing
Temperature
W. B. Im, Y.-I. Kim*, D. Y. Jeon
KAIST, Korea
*Korea Res. Inst. of Standards & Sci., Korea
In this study, in situ neutron powder diffraction (NPD) analyses were

carried out on commercial BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ (BAM) phosphor with
increasing temperature for the first time. The structural parameters of
BAM were successfully determined by the Rietveld refinement against
NPD data at room temperature, 500, 700, and 900 respectively.
And nuclear density of 2d site occupying Eu atoms was calculated using
maximum entropy method.
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Wednesday
PHp - 10
December 7
Sites of Doped Divalent Europium Ions in BAM
Investigated by X-Ray Near Edge Structure
Measurement
I. Hirosawa, T. Honma, K. Kato, N. Kijima*, Y. Shimomura*
Japan Synchrotron Radiation Res. Inst., Japan
*The Mitsubishi Chem., Japan
We performed Eu LIII XAFS measurement of BAM and E2O3 to discuss

occupation site of doped europium. Fourier-filtered EXAFS wiggle could
be reproduced by both BR and a-BR sites occupations introducing shifts
of nearest neighboring oxygen atoms from their ideal positions.
Simulated XANES spectrum based on BR occupation better fitted to the
observed one than that of a-BR site occupation. Thus, it can be
considered that doped europium dominantly occupies BR site in BAM.
PHp - 11
XAFS Study of Luminescent Center in Blue PDP

Phosphor CaMgSi2O6:Eu
T. Honma, T. Kunimoto*, S. Yamaguchi**, Y. Shao**,
K. Ohmi**, H. Kobayashi*
Japan Synchrotron Radiation Res. Inst., Japan
*Tokushima Bunri Univ., Japan
**Tottori Univ., Japan
Eu luminescent center in blue PDP phosphor CaMgSi2O6:Eu (CMS) has

been investigated by X-ray absorption fine structure analysis. To clarify
the correlation between Eu2+/Eu3+ ratio in CMS and synthesis
parameters such as Eu concentration and flow rate of reducing gas, the
Eu L3-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra has been
analyzed.
PHp - 12
Synthesis and Characterization of Ca(La,Gd)4Si3O13:

Tb Green PDP Phosphor for Xe2 Excimer Excitation
A. Yamane, S. Yamaguchi, T. Kunimoto*, Y. Shao, K. Ohmi,
H. Kobayashi*
Tottori Univ., Japan
Luminescent characteristics of Ca(La,Gd)4Si3O13:Tb phosphor have

been investigated. This phosphor shows the green emission due to Tb3+
with the CIE color coordinate (x, y) = (0.337, 0.562). The
photoluminescence (PL) peak intensity is comparable with Zn2SiO4:Mn
commercial phosphor. The PL excitation band lies continuously in the
wavelength region from 130 to 250 nm, so the phosphor is a candidate
for a green PDP phosphor for Xe2 excitation.
126
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MICROLINE
Wednesday
PHp - 13
December 7
Effect of ZnS Buffer Layer on Luminescent
Characteristics of Y2O2S:Eu TFEL Devices Prepared
by Sulfurization of Y2O3:Eu
N. Kurihara, H. Kominami, Y. Nakanishi, K. Hara,
Y. Hatanaka*
Y2O2S:Eu TFEL device on Si substrate prepared using sulfurization of

Y2O3:Eu thin film was studied. EL emission was obtained when the
emitting layer was sandwiched by ZnS buffer layers. It indicates that ZnS
buffer layers were contributed as the layer for generation, acceleration
and injection of hot-electron into Y2O2S:Eu emitting layer.
PHp - 14
Flexible Inorganic Thin-Film Electroluminescent

Devices Using a Flexible Ceramic Substrate
T. Miyata, Y. Mochizuki, S. Tsukada, T. Minami
Flexible inorganic thin-film electroluminescent(TFEL)devices have been

newly developed. High-luminance thin and flexible EL lamps have been
demonstrated using two types of double-insulating-layer TFEL device
structures, consisting of a sulfide or oxide phosphor emitting layer and
insulating layers, fabricated on a flexible oxide ceramic sheet with a
thickness of approximately 50 or 100 m. In particular, stable operation
at high temperatures above 200 was obtained in flexible EL lamps
fabricated using oxide phosphors.
PHp - 15
Blue and Red Dichromatic Luminescence of 12CaOAl2O3-Based Phosphor with Subnano Cage Structure
T. Nagata, H. Murakami
ULVAC, Japan
12CaO7Al2O3 (C12A7) has subnano atomic cages in its crystal

structure. Here we report the successful synthesis of a phosphor with an
entirely new cage structure using this C12A7 oxide. This phosphor
showed blue and red dichromatic luminescence which was not
previously known in conventional phosphors. Moreover, the blue
displayed higher chromaticity than that of the conventional phosphor
used in CRT.
PHp - 16
Synthesis and Characterization of Sol-Gel Derived

Y2O3:Eu Thick-Film Phosphors
J. Y. Cho, K. Y. Ko, Y. R. Do
Kookmin Univ., Korea
Y2O3:Eu thick-film phosphors were grown on quartz or sapphire

substrates using a simple spin coating technique of semi-gel solution.
Optical and structural properties of Y 2 O 3 :Eu thick-films were
characterized by XRD, AFM, SEM, PL and CL. By using sol-gel process,
we prepared single-phase Y2O3:Eu thick-film phosphors which have
good optical properties, high crystallinity and crack-free morphology with
thickness of ~2m.
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Thursday
December 8
9:00 - 10:30
PH2: Phosphors for LEDs

Chair
Co-Chair
PH2 - 1:
9:00
D. Theis, Siemens AG, Germany

M. Tamatani, Toshiba, Japan
Invited Nitride and Oxynitride Phosphors and Their
Application to White Light-Emitting Diode Lamps
K. Sakuma, N. Hirosaki*, N. Kimura, R.-J. Xie*,
S. Hirafune, Y. Yamamoto*, T. Suehiro*
Fujikura, Japan
*Nat. Inst. for Materials Sci., Japan
Recently developed nitride / oxynitride phosphors are promising

candidates for a white light-emitting diode. -SiAlON:Eu, Ca--SiAlON:
Eu and CaAlSiN3:Eu phosphors are able to be excited by blue light and
emit green, yellowish orange and red light, respectively. High brightness
warm-white LED lamps of over 50 lm/W luminous efficacy have been
realized by combination of a blue LED die and Ca--SiAlON:Eu. High
color-rendering index white LED lamps of over Ra 80 have been also
realized using the three color phosphors.
PH2 - 2
9:30
Heterostructures of ZnO-Related Semiconductor

Materials for Visible-Light Emitting Devices
A. Nakamura, K. Yamamoto, J. Ishihara, T. Aoki, J. Temmyo
Wurtzite Zn1-xCdxO / ZnO heterostructures were successfully grown by

remote plasma enhanced metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (RPEMOCVD ) and were investigated by photoluminescence ( PL )
spectroscopy. In the double heterostructures consisting of Mg0.036Zn0.964
O / Zn0.77Cd0.23O / Mg0.036Zn0.964O, temperature and excitation intensity
dependence of PL spectra were examined. The PL emission is
characterized as localized and free exciton emission. A liner
dependence with a slope near unity is obtained from the excitation
dependence of the PL intensity. Blue-green emission (2.78eV) was
demonstrated from the double-heterostructure at room temperature.
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Thursday
December 8
PH2 - 3
9:50
Photoluminescent Properties of (Sr1-xBax)S:Eu RedEmitting Powder for NUV Excitation

H. Kominami, K. Sugiura, Y. Nakanishi, K. Hara,
Y. Hatanaka*
(Sr1-xBax)S:Eu powder prepared by changing the ratio x and firing

condition were investigated. XRD patterns fired in active carbon shows
only(Sr, Ba)S:Eu phase, however, that fired in S shows(Sr, Ba)SO4
phase in addtion of(Sr, Ba)S phase. Photoluminescent spectra excited
by 380nm of Xe lamp show peaks from 607 to 680nm as the changing x
ratio. At x=0.25, emission peaks of both powder showed 645nm.
Interestingly, the intensity of these powders were quite different, the
powder fired in S showed 4 times higher than that fired in active carbon.
The powder in S includes much oxide atoms, then it indicates...
PH2 - 4
10:10
Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Eu Doped

Calcium Sulfoapatite
S. H. Jung, J. W. Kim, Y. J. Kim
Kyonggi Univ., Korea
Eu doped calcium sulfoapatite was synthesized by firing the mixture of

CaCO3, Ca2P2O7, and Eu2O3 in the electric furnace at 900 in H2
atmosphere. According to XRD, Eu was successfully substituted for Ca,
therefore Ca9.12Eu0.88(PO4)6S1.44 phase was observed as well as Ca10(PO
4)6S. However, strong XRD peaks of the secondary phase, Ca3(PO4)2
also appeared. PL properties were measured for the first time. PL
spectra of Ca9.12Eu0.88(PO4)6S1.44 exhibited a strong red emission at
around 650nm with the excitation wavelength of 470 nm.
----- Break -----
10:50 - 12:25
PH3: ELDs (1)

Chair
Co-Chair
PH3 - 1:
10:50
X. Wu, iFire Tech., Canada

N. Miura, Meiji Univ., Japan
Invited A Study of Electroluminescent Process and
Efficiency in ZnS Particles
K. Ogawa, Y. Tadakuma, K. Kawato, M. Nakanishi,
Y. Miyashita, S. Yamashita
We elucidated behavior of electrons and holes in ZnS:Cu,Cl phosphor

particles for dispersion-type electroluminescence (EL) devices. Electrons
trapped at donor (Cl-) sites recombine with holes trapped at acceptor
(Cu+) sites in 0.5 ms after they are trapped by the Cl centers in 1s and
move between the conduction band of ZnS and the Cl sites. We
understand that decrease in luminous efficiency in high-brightness range
arises from brightness saturation at luminous centers nearby electronemitting sites known as CuxS.
129
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MICROLINE
Thursday
PH3 - 2
11:20
December 8
Red Emitting Ba2ZnS3:Mn Thin Film
Electroluminescent Devices Prepared by ElectronBeam Evaporation
K. Hara, M. Yamasaki, Y. Ouchi, K. Ohmi, H. Kobayashi*
Tottori Univ., Japan
Ba2ZnS3:Mn thin film electroluminescent (EL) devices have been

prepared by electron-beam evaporation method and post-deposition
annealing. The TFEL devices show a reddish-orange EL emission with
the CIE color coordinates of (x, y) = (0.60, 041). The luminance and
efficiency at 1 kHz are 140 cd/m2 and 0.05 lm/W, respectively. Since Ba2
ZnS3:Mn thin films are enough crystallized at 600, Ba2ZnS3:Mn is a
promising red EL phosphor for low temperature process.
PH3 - 3
11:40
Blue Luminescence from Eu-Activated BaO-Based

Multicomponent Oxide Phosphor Thin Films
T. Miyata, Y. Mochizuki, T. Minami
Intense photoluminescence and electroluminescence in purplish blue

emission were observed in newly developed phosphorous-treated(BaOGa2O3):Eu and(BaO-In2O3):Eu and Ba0.638Mg0.276Al10.724O17:Eu thin films
that were first deposited on thick BaTiO3 ceramic sheets using a
combinatorial r.f. magnetron sputtering deposition method and then
postannealed in an Ar+H 2 (10%)gas atmosphere. Typical CIE
chromaticity coordinates for blue emission from Eu-activated oxide
phosphor thin films were(x=0.165, y=0.066).
PH3 - 4L:
12:00
Invited CdSe and InGaN quantum dots for short

wavelength light emitters
D. Hommel, A. Gust, T. Passow, M. Klude, T. Yamaguchi,
E. Roventa, A. Pretorius, R. Kr ger, K. Sebald, J. Gutowski
Univ. of Bremen, Germany
We will compare CdSe/ZnSSe quantum dot laser emitting at 560 nm to

a LD emitting at the same wavelength with a quarternary ZnCdSSe
quantum well as active region. Furthermore, the hope of reaching the
green spectral region for nitride-based LDs is connected with InGaN
quantum dots. We will show that under modified capping conditions
optically active InGaN dots can be obtained giving raise to the hope for
a nitride-based quantum dot laser.
----- Lunch -----
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Thursday
December 8
13:40 - 15:05
PH4: ELDs (2)

Chair
Co-Chair
PH4 - 1:
13:40
T. Miyata, Kanazawa Inst. Tech., Japan

K. Ohmi, Tottori Univ., Japan
Invited Recent Development of Large-Area TDEL Flat
Panel Display
X. Wu, D. Carkner, I. Yoshida*, H. Hamada*, K. Oda**,
M. Kutsukake**
iFire Tech., Canada
*Sanyo Elec., Japan
**Dai Nippon Printing, Japan
Thick-Dielectric Electroluminescent(TDEL)technology is one of the most

suitable flat panel displays for HDTV application. TDEL has achieved
large screen size and full color capability with a simple and solid-state
structure. A low-cost, light weight, and thin-shape HD-TV will be
achieved by TDEL technology. Recently, a pilot production line for 34inch, wXGA TDEL panels has been started up. The newly developed
production system includes a large-area sputtering tool for high
brightness BaAl2S4:Eu blue phosphor.
PH4 - 2
14:10
Blue Emitting Barium Thioaluminate Phosphors by

Sputtering of Alloy Targets
J. Acchione, A. Kosyachkov
iFire Tech., Canada
A process is developed for fabrication of thin film Ba-Al-S:Eu phosphors

for inorganic full-color Thick Dielectric Electroluminescent (TDEL)
displays. It involves reactive sputtering of a single Ba-Al-Eu alloy target
in H2S containing atmosphere. The phosphors exhibit EL-luminance over
a thousand cd/sq.m at the CIE color coordinates of X=0.14 and Y=0.110.13. The process is evaluated as a prospective one for commercial
production of TDEL panels.
PH4 - 3
14:30
Blue-Emitting BaAl2S4:Eu Electroluminescent

Thin-Films Grown by MBE
K. Tanaka, S. Okamoto
NHK, Japan
We have investigated the crystallinity of blue-emitting BaAl2S4:Eu

electroluminescent(EL)thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE)
system. As-grown thin-film shows pure blue EL, and the peak
wavelength of spectrum is at 474 nm. The oxygen in the thin films is
under the detectable level. The co-doping of flux-agent has greatly
improved the crystallinity of thin films. The FWHM value of the(121)X-ray
diffraction line is 0.156
which is the narrowest value ever observed
for BaAl2S4:Eu thin films.
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Thu./Fri.
PH4 - 4L
14:50
December 8/9
Blue Electroluminescent Devices Utilizing Tm Doped
ZnS Nanocrystals as Emission Layer Material
D. Adachi, H. Haze, H. Shirahase, T. Toyama, H. Okamoto
Osaka Univ., Japan
Blue emitting thin-film EL (TFEL) device compromised of Tm3+ doped

ZnS nanocrystals (NCs) has been investigated. Compared with the
conventional double-insulating-layer-type ac TFEL device, intensity ratio
of blue to infrared emission band due to the intra-shell transitions of
Tm3+ is 10 times improved. Moreover, utilizing ZnS NCs doped with
Tm3+,Tb3+ and Mn2+ as the blue, green and red emission layer material,
respectively, full-color TFEL device is demonstrated.
Author Interviews
17:30 - 18:30
Friday, December 9
10:50 - 11:50
FED2/PH5: FEDs and Phosphors for FEDs

Chair
Co-Chair
M. Nakamoto, Shizuoka Univ., Japan

T. Hisamune, Kasei Optonics, Japan
FED2/PH5 - 1: Invited High-Brightness, High-Resolution, High10:50

Contrast and Wide-Gamut Features of SurfaceConduction Electron-Emitter Displays
Y. Ishizuka, T. Oyaizu, T. Oguchi, H. Hoshi, E. Yamaguchi
SED, Japan
Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Displays (SEDs) have many
advantages for application to TVs. Surface Conduction electron Emitters
(SCEs) provide the benefits of high brightness and high resolution owing
to their focused and controlled electron beams. In addition, non-linear IV characteristics of the emitters enable to express deep black.
Furthermore, phosphor screens with color filters realize a CRT-grade
color gamut. Combination of the emitter and the screen offers the
excellent performance for TV application.
FED2/PH5 - 2
11:20
Development of Large Size CNT-FED

T. Tonegawa, M. Taniguchi, S. Itoh, K. Nawamaki,
Y. Marushima, Y. Kubo, Y. Fujimura, T. Yamaura
Futaba, Japan
The carbon nanotube (CNT) FED panel for information board was
developed. This large size display panel realizes a lightweight, wide
viewing angle and low power consumption. A unit panel size is 96 x 96
mm, thickness is about 2.2 mm, anode voltage is 120 V, and spot
brightness is more than 1,000 cd/m2. The panels emitter is formed by
screen-printing of multi walled CNT which were made by arc-discharged
method. FEDs will be used for not only the TV applications but also
large-size panels for public information.
132
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Friday
December 9
FED2/PH5 - 3
11:35
Full Color Graphite Nanofiber FED with 0.15mm Pixel

Pitch
K. Hagiwara, T. Takei, T. Sakai, T. Muroi, M. Ushirozawa,
T. Yamamoto
NHK, Japan
To achieve a fine pitch FED, a GNF-FED with focus electrode was

developed. The new fabrication process was developed and the growth
conditions of GNF were optimized. The dependence of focus voltage on
electron beam divergence was examined and the beam focusing was
confirmed. Assembling with the RGB phosphor screen, full-color video
was successfully reproduced on the GNF-FED with 0.15-mm pixel pitch.
Author Interviews
17:10 - 18:10
Sponsors:
The 125th Research Committee on Mutual Conversion between Light
and Electricity, JSPS
Phosphor Research Society, The Electrochemical Society of Japan
Takamatsu Festival
Takamatsu Folk Entertainment
Friday, December 9
12:20 13:30
(before Outstanding Poster Paper Awards)
Tamamo (3F),
133
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Friday
December 9

Friday, December 9
9:00 - 9:10
Opening
Opening Remarks
9:00
M. Takai, Workshop Chair
9:10 - 10:35
FED1: CNT Emitters and FEDs

Chair
Co-Chair
FED1 - 1:
9:10
J. Ishikawa, Kyoto Univ., Japan

Y. Iguchi, Sony EMCS, Japan
Invited 6-in. Video CNT-FED with Improved
Uniformity
J. Dijon, C. Bridoux, A. Fournier, T. G. De Monsabert,
B. Montmayeul, M. Levis, D. Sarrasin, R. Meyer
LETI, France
A model of display uniformity based on the physics of CNT emission is

presented. This model is in good agreement with our experimental
results. It shows that there is no intrinsic limitation to overcome in order
to achieve 1% uniformity on HDTV panel using the cathode structure
developed at LETI and spaghetti like CNT material. Uniformity results
achieved on 1cm2 displays are already better than 2% and a 6 inches
CNT display with uniformity within 5% is demonstrated.
FED1 - 2:
9:30
Invited
Narrow-CNT Emitter for High-Resolution FED
H. Kurachi, S. Uemura, J. Yotani, T. Nagasako, H. Yamada,

T. Ezaki, T. Maesoba, T. Nakao, M. Ito, A. Sakurai,
H. Shimoda, Y. Saito*, H. Shinohara*
Noritake, Japan
*Nagoya Univ., Japan
A high-resolution carbon nanotube (CNT) -field emission display (FED)

was investigated for graphic-displays. The sub-pixel size was 0.2mm x
0.6mm. We developed a new growth technique of narrow carbon
nanotubes (CNTs) on metal-base electrode by thermal-CVD to reduce
the driving voltage of high-resolution CNT-FED. The diameter of CNT
was reduced down to 6-10nm. The emission was extremely increased at
lower voltage, compared to the conventional characteristic of 40nmdiameter CNT-layer.
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Friday
December 9
FED1 - 3
9:50
Improvement of Emission Distribution by Electrical

Activating Cathode Surface for CNT-FED
S. Watanabe, T. Shiroishi, Y. Suzuki, K. Nishimura,
T. Sawada, M. Fujikawa, A. Hosono, S. Nakata, S. Okuda
A uniform emission distribution of the panel is necessary for picture

quality of CNT-FED. The effect of aging by the pulse current was
examined in the test panel of the diode structure. As the result of the
investigation, an electrical activating the cathode surface by emission
current is effective for improving the emission uniformity. It is found that
uniformity of the CNTs height distributions brings about improvement of
luminescence distribution.
FED1 - 4
10:05
Surface Treatment of CNT Cathodes Using KrF

Excimer Laser for FEDs
T. Honda, C. B. Oh, K. Murakami, K. Ohsumi, S. Abo,
F. Wakaya, M. Takai
Osaka Univ., Japan
CNT cathodes prepared with and without glass fillers were irradiated by
a KrF (248 nm) excimer laser light with a homogeneous beam intensity
profile at various laser power densities. The electron emission
characteristics were greatly improved by adding glass fillers to the paste.
The turn-on-field became as low as 0.34 V/m and the emission density
became as high as 5.88 mA/cm2 at a field of 2 V/m by KrF laser
irradiation.
FED1 - 5
10:20
Estimate of Structural Modification of Laser

Irradiated CNTs by Seppen-Katamuki Analysis
Y. Kawamura, Y. Gotoh, T. Niiya, H. Tsuji, J. Ishikawa,
A. Hosono*, S. Okuda*
Kyoto Univ., Japan
*Mitsubishi Elec., Japan
We have measured the electron emission characteristics of the carbon

nanotubes irradiated by two different lasers. From the emission
characteristics, we estimated the structural modification of carbon
nanotubes due to laser irradiation by Seppen-Katamuki analysis. The
feasibility of the present method was verified by observation of the CNT
length with scanning electron microscope.
----- Break -----
10:50 - 11:50
FED2/PH5: FEDs and Phosphors for FEDs

Chair
Co-Chair
M. Nakamoto, Shizuoka Univ., Japan

T. Hisamune, Kasei Optonics
135
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Friday
December 9
FED2/PH5 - 1: Invited High-Brightness, High-Resolution, High10:50

Contrast and Wide-Gamut Features of SurfaceConduction Electron-Emitter Displays
Y. Ishizuka, T. Oyaizu, T. Oguchi, H. Hoshi, E. Yamaguchi
SED, Japan
Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Displays (SEDs) have many
advantages for application to TVs. Surface Conduction electron Emitters
(SCEs) provide the benefits of high brightness and high resolution owing
to their focused and controlled electron beams. In addition, non-linear IV characteristics of the emitters enable to express deep black.
Furthermore, phosphor screens with color filters realize a CRT-grade
color gamut. Combination of the emitter and the screen offers the
excellent performance for TV application.
FED2/PH5 - 2
11:20
Development of Large Size CNT-FED

T. Tonegawa, M. Taniguchi, S. Itoh, K. Nawamaki,
Y. Marushima, Y. Kubo, Y. Fujimura, T. Yamaura
Futaba, Japan
The carbon nanotube (CNT) FED panel for information board was
developed. This large size display panel realizes a lightweight, wide
viewing angle and low power consumption. A unit panel size is 96 x 96
mm, thickness is about 2.2 mm, anode voltage is 120 V, and spot
brightness is more than 1,000 cd/m2. The panels emitter is formed by
screen-printing of multi walled CNT which were made by arc-discharged
method. FEDs will be used for not only the TV applications but also
large-size panels for public information.
FED2/PH5 - 3
11:35
Full Color Graphite Nanofiber FED with 0.15mm Pixel

Pitch
K. Hagiwara, T. Takei, T. Sakai, T. Muroi, M. Ushirozawa,
T. Yamamoto
NHK, Japan
To achieve a fine pitch FED, a GNF-FED with focus electrode was

developed. The new fabrication process was developed and the growth
conditions of GNF were optimized. The dependence of focus voltage on
electron beam divergence was examined and the beam focusing was
confirmed. Assembling with the RGB phosphor screen, full-color video
was successfully reproduced on the GNF-FED with 0.15-mm pixel pitch.
----- Lunch -----
13:05 - 15:00
FED3: CNT Emitters for FEDs

Chair
Co-Chair
136
S. Uemura, Noritake, Japan

S. Nakata, Mitsubishi Elec., Japan
2005.11.02 18.21.13
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MICROLINE
Friday
FED3 - 8L
13:05
December 9
Reflective Structure for Carbon Nano-Tube Backlight
Unit
T. H. Tsou, M. H. Lin, B. N. Lin, W. Y. Lin, Y. C. Jiang,
C. H. Fu, L. Y. Chiang, Y. Y. Chang, M. H. Hsiao, C. C. Lee
EROS/ITRI, Taiwan
ERSO/ITRI has developed the novel and low-cost structure for the LCDTV backlight by using CNT-FED technology. In this new structure on the
anode plate, a metal layer was coated as a reflector and a conductor.
Therefore, all of the lights will emit from the cathode plate and the
surface temperature is lower as the room temperature. We had
demonstrated a reflective structure for CNT-BLU to increase the light
emitting efficiency which is about 1.7 times compared to the
conventional structure.
FED3 - 1
13:15
Field Emission Properties of MgO Coated

Multiwalled Aligned CNTs
S. Chakrabarti, L. Pan, H. Tanaka, Y. Nakayama
Osaka Pref. Univ., Japan
Well-aligned carbon nanotubes in specific pattern were synthesized by

catalytic thermal chemical vapor deposition technique. The carbon
nanotubes were then coated with MgO layer of different thicknesses to
improve the field emission property. Stable emission with a low turn-on
voltage of about 116 V was observed from the aligned nanotubes coated
with a MgO layer of thickness 10 nm. The current fluctuation for 8hr was
found to be as low as 20% for MgO (10 nm) coated nanotubes.
FED3 - 2
Synthesis of CNTs on Unheated Substrate by ECR13:30
CVD
W.-T. Wu, K.-H. Chen, C.-M. Hsu
Southern Taiwan Univ. of Tech., Taiwan
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were grown onto unheated
silicon wafer covered with cobalt catalyst by electron cyclotron chemical
vapor deposition. The diameters of CNTs vary directly with the thickness
of catalyst films. The morphologies of nanotubes are mainly related with
the microwave power and the flow ratio of C3H8/N2. Graphitized CNT
structures were identified using Transmission Electron Microscope and
Raman spectra with a clear peak at 1580 cm-1.
FED3 - 3
13:45
Fabrication of CNT Emitter Device by Using RfPECVD at Low Temperature

T. Migita, Y. Shiratori, T. Kishino, Y. Takeuchi
Int. Ctr. for Materials Res., Japan
Carbon nanotube (CNT)-cathode device with micron-sized gate holes to

be applied for field emission display (FED) was produced. This cathode
device is fabricated by a combination of usual lithography process and
radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition at low
temperature. CNT-FED is believed to be next generation of FEDs due to
excellent field emission characters of CNTs. Simple fabrication process
and the good field emission characteristics are reported for the prepared
devices.
137
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Friday
FED3 - 4
14:00
December 9
Uniform Fabrication of CNT Film on Cathodes by
Electrophoresis Deposition Method
C.-Y. Hsiao*, S.-H. Lee*,**, K. Cheng*,**, Y.-A. Li*,**,
J.-L. Tsai*,**, J.-S. Fang*,**, C.-C. Kuo*,**, T.-F. Chan*
*TECO Nanotech, Taiwan
**TECO Elec. & Machinery, Taiwan
Electrophoresis deposition method is a well know technology, but it is

new to fabricate CNT film on the cathode. Also this method has
developed many years, there still has many key technology must be
solved, such us CNT well suspension in solution, electro field control,
polarization phenomena, etc. In this paper we proposed an easy method
to improve polarization. We call it as batch method. From final results,
this method can solve polarization problem successfully, and CNT film
uniformity on cathodes were also improved.
FED3 - 5
14:15
High Anode Voltage Characteristic of TMG Structure

for CNT-FED
J. W. Jeong, Y. H. Song, D. J. Kim, S. H. Lee, J. H. Lee,
K. Y. Kang
ETRI, Korea
We proposed the mesh gate structure for carbon nanotube (CNT) field
emitter with a high accelerating anode voltage, and here renamed it the
tapered macro gate (TMG) to clarify its function. The TMG has relatively
tall and tapered holes compared with CNT emitter. The tapered gate
hole was shown to protect the CNT emitters from the anode field
perfectly, enabling us to apply a high anode voltage over 10 kV along
with an electron beam focusing effect.
FED3 - 6
14:30
Anodic Aluminum Oxide as a Template for CNT Field

Emitters and AAO-CNT Triode Structure
C.-C. Lin, F.-M. Pan, M. Liu*, K.-C. Chang, P.-L. Chen,
C.-T. Kuo, C.-N. Mo*
We have used anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) as the template to grow

carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for the application of field-emission display
technology. In order to obtain optimal field emission properties, we have
tried to control the density and the length of the CNTs grown from AAO
pore channels by tuning the growth time and the CH4 concentration of
the precursor gas mixture. AAO pore channel arrays were grown in the
triode structure, which was fabricated on silicon wafers by conventional
integrated circuit processes.
138
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Friday
December 9
FED3 - 7
14:45
Morphology Study on CNT Emitters through

Optimization of Paste Composition
D. J. Kim, Y. H. Song, J. W. Jung, S. H. Lee, J. H. Lee,
K. Y. Kang
ETRI, Korea
In order to improve field emission performances, the optimizing process

of carbon nanotube (CNT) paste was investigated in terms of surface
morphology. The CNT emitters were formed by a photolithography
process and then a surface treatment was applied to protrude and align
CNTs vertically. The surface morphology and field emission properties
were found to be strongly dependent on the paste composition. The
CNT emitters with the optimized paste composition showed great
improvements in field emission characteristics including the effective
emission density, uniformity and life time.
----- Break -----
15:15 - 17:00
FED4: FE Materials and Novel Device

Chair
Co-Chair
T. Asano, Kyusyu Inst. of Tech., Japan

M. Suzuki, Hitachi, Japan
FED4 - 1
15:15
Various Nanostuctured Carbon Films for FED

Applications
Z. Sun, Z. J. Zhang, Y. W. Chen, T. Chen, L. L. Wang,
P. S. Guo, Z. Y. Cao, S. Ni, Y. Sun*
East China Normal Univ., China
*Nanocs Int., USA
Nanostructured carbon (nm-C), including carbon nanotubes/fibers,

nanodiamonds, nanocarbon composites, diamond-like films, for novel
field emission display (FED) applications is reviewed. The synthesis and
properties of various nm-C films, the related fabrication system, device
structure and package, is studied. By using chemical vapor deposited
(CVD) nm-C as the cathode, the low cost nm-C-FED prototypes have
been developed, and showing excellent field emission properties, such
as low emission field, high stability, high brightness and uniform
emission.
FED4 - 2
15:30
Fabrication of Poly-Si TFT Controlled FED

M. Nagao, C. Yasumuro, Y. Sakamura, H. Tanoue,
S. Kanemaru, J. Itoh
Nat. Inst. of Advanced Ind. Sci. & Tech., Japan
We fabricated poly-Si TFT controlled FEA and demonstrated complete

control of emission current. The response time of the TFT-FEA is about
15 s, which is sufficient for active controlled display. We also fabricated
active matrix FED and sealed in vacuum envelop using unique
packaging process; that is exhaust-tube-less vacuum sealing.
139
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Friday
FED4 - 3
15:45
December 9
Field Emission Distributions from HfC Thin Films
Studied with STM
T. Sato*,**, M. Saida*, K. Horikawa*, K. Adachi*,
M. Nagao**, S. Kanemaru**, S. Yamamoto**, M. Sasaki*
*Univ. of Tsukuba, Japan
**Nat. Inst. of Advanced Ind. Sci. & Tech., Japan
Nanometer-scale distributions of field emission (FE) from HfC films are

obtained by using an STM with sample-hold circuits, where the tipsurface distance is controlled by constant current STM operation, and
emission current from the surface is measured under a sufficient bias
voltage for a brief time. From the obtained FE images, we find that
electrons are dominantly emitted from grain boundaries of the HfC films,
indicating that FE can be determined by other properties than geometry
or microscopic work function.
FED4 - 4
16:00
Field Emission Characteristics of Boron Carbon

Nitride Films Deposited at Various Growth
Temperatures
K. Okada*, C. Kimura*, K. Okamoto**, M. Wada**,
T. Sugino*
*Osaka Univ., Japan
**Maizuru Nat. College of Tech., Japan
Field emission characteristics of the boron carbon nitride (BCN) films

deposited on the iron substrate at various temperatures are investigated.
The growth rate of BCN films deposited on the iron substrate is higher
than that deposited on the Si substrate. The carbon composition ratio
and the surface roughness increases with decreasing growth
temperature. The turn-on electric field as low as 5.1 V/m is achieved
for the BCN film deposited at 200 on the glass substrate.
FED4 - 5
16:15
Work Function Measurement of Modified Tungsten

Surface by Use of Photoemission Electron
Microscope
Y. Nakano, K. Minami, K. Yamane, H. Nakane, H. Adachi
Muroran Inst. of Tech., Japan
Work function of ZrO/W (100) surface is successfully measured by the

use of Photoelectron emission microscope (PEEM) to be 2.850.05eV,
which is in the range of so far reported values of 2.7~2.9eV with the
Fowler-Nordheim plot. The work function calculated from the slope of
the Fowler-Nordheim plot is widely accepted for the index of the cathode
performance, but it includes some ambiguities because of difficulty in
estimating field strength. Photo-emission directly gives work function as
a physical quantity.
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Friday
FED4 - 6
16:30
December 9
LEED and XPS Studies on Modified Molybdenum
Surface by Zirconium and Oxygen
S. Satoh, H. Nakane, H. Adachi
Muroran Inst. of Tech., Japan
It has been reported that ZrO/Mo (100) has a Fowler-Nordheim work

function of 2.1eV, which is much smaller value than 2.7-2.9eV for the
ZrO/W (100) Schottky emitter. A specific LEED pattern of c (2 x 4) is
observed, which is very similar to the already reported results for ZrO/W
(100). In situ XPS analysis for Zr 3d peak indicates that the ZrO
complex is also formed. These observing evidences suggest that the
work function reduces very similar mechanism to the case of ZrO/W
(100) Schottky emitter.
FED4 - 7
16:45
4.5-in. Triode-Type Flat Lamp Fabrication by Using

Novel Metal Gate Structure
W.-S. Cho*,**, H.-J. Lee*,**, Y.-D. Lee*, Y.-H. Lee**,
J.-K. Kim*, J.-H. Park**, B.-K. Ju**
*Korea Inst. of Sci. & Tech., Korea
**Korea Univ., Korea
A triode type flat lamp (4.5 inch) with screen printed carbon nanotube
emitters and metal gate is fabricated and its field emission properties
have been investigated. The metal gate is designed to the reversedtrench structure and fabricated by a conventional etch process. This
structure could decrease the vibration of the metal mesh by electric field
and the charging by the between cathode and metal gate. As a result,
the uniformity and stability of the flat lamp are improved.
Author Interviews
17:10 - 18:10
Sponsor:
158th Committee on Vacuum Nanoelectronics, JSPS
BANQUET
19:00 21:00
at Hiten (3F)
141
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Tuesday
December 6

Tuesday, December 6
13:20 - 14:50
OLED1: High Efficiency

Chair
Co-Chair
OLED1 - 1:
13:20
J. Kido, Yamagata Univ., Japan

A. Mikami, Kanazawa Inst. of Tech., Japan
Invited
Recent Progress in Phosphorescent OLED
S. R. Forrest
Princeton Univ., USA
OLED1 - 2
13:50
Charge Transport Layers Doped with Molecular

Donors and Acceptors: High Power Efficiency and
Long Lifetimes for Display and Lighting Applications
A. Werner, J. Birnstock, M. Hofmann, S. Murano,
M. Vehse, A. Lux, M. Limmert, A. Gruessing,
J. Blochwitz-Nimoth
Novaled GmbH, Germany
Doped charge transport layers reduce the operating voltages of organic

light-emitting devices (OLED) for various kinds of device environments
such as substrate or electrode material. Development of suitable dopant
compounds and optimized device design yield OLEDs with very high
power efficiency for bottom and top emission configuration and very long
lifetime. The recent progress in doping technology is discussed. Using
doping technology, superior performance and stability for OLED
applications, e.g. displays and lighting applications, are possible.
OLED1 - 3
14:10
High Efficiency Bottom-Emitting OLED with External

Weak Microcavities
Y. W. Song, J. S. Oh, S. H. Jo, O. K. Song, Y. M. Koo,
Y. C. Kim
Samsung SDI, Korea
High Efficiency bottom-emitting Organic Light Emitting Device (OLED)

with external weak microcavities (EWM) was developed. The external
microcavities consisted of a cathode metal mirror and interfaces with
refractive index contrast which were realized by inserting single pair of
the dielectric layers of high and low refractive index (R.I.) between ITO
and glass substrate. It was proved that the efficiency in red, green, blue
color could be enhanced by 158%, 53%, 30%, respectively without
severe deterioration in viewing angle characteristics. A 128x160 passive
matrix OLED with external microcavities was fabricated and showed
20% higher brightness.
142
2005.11.02 18.21.46
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Tuesday
December 6
OLED1 - 4
14:30
High Efficiency White Organic Light Emission Device

Based on New Orange Phosphorescence Material
X. M. Yu, W. Y. Wong*, H. J. Peng, B. Z. Tang, M. Wong,
G. J. Zhou*, H. S. Kwok
*Hong Kong Baptist Univ., Hong Kong
White light emitting device based on a new orange phosphorescent

material Ir(DPA-Flpy)3 ((DPA-Flpy)H = (9,9-diethyl-7-pyridinylfluoren-2-yl)
diphenylamine) has been fabricated. The white OLED consists of it and
a blue phosphorescent material FIrPic (iridum-bis(4,6,-difluorophenylpyridinato-N,C2)-picolinate). The threshold voltage is 4.2V, and the
brightness reaches 3200 cd/m2 at 10V, 30.3 mA/cm2. The color of the
light corresponds to a CIE coordinate of (0.31, 0.41). The highest
efficiency of the device can reach 17.8 cd/A or 7 lm/W at 8V, 2mA/cm2.
----- Break -----
15:05 - 16:35
OLED2: Process Technology

Chair
Co-Chair
OLED2 - 1:
15:05
S. R. Forrest, Princeton Univ., USA

A. Mikami, Kanazawa Inst. of Tech., Japan
Invited
Advances in P-OLED Technology
J. Halls
Cambridge Display Tech., UK
OLED2 - 2
15:35
Development of Polymer Light-Emitting Diode(PLED)

Displays Using a Printing Method
K. Takeshita, H. Kawakami, T. Shimizu, E. Kitazume,
K. Oota, T. Taguchi, I. Takashima
We have developed a printing method for producing polymer lightemitting diode (PLED) displays. This method is a kind of direct printing,
and we have achieved it by modifying a common printing method, so it
is a relatively simple and cost-effective method. By using this method,
we have been able to make a patterned PLED layer accurately. We have
started trial production of full color PLED displays and have achieved 70
ppi resolution.
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Tuesday
OLED2 - 3
15:55
December 6
Fabrication of Flexible Phosphorescent OLED
Display by Ink-Jet Printing
M. Suzuki, T. Tsuzuki, T. Kurita, T. Koyama*, T. Yamaguchi*,
T. Furukawa**, S. Tokito
NHK, Japan
*Showa Denko, Japan
**Kyodo Printing, Japan
We have fabricated flexible OLED display by ink-jet printing. Highly

efficient phosphorescent materials were used as the ink solutions.
Molecular weights of the host polymer and solvents were optimized for
the ink formulation. ITO anode and polyimide bank structures were
fabricated on the plastic film by using a transfer method. The PEDT/PSS
and the emitting layer were exactly printed in the pixels, and sample
video image could be clearly observed.
OLED2 - 4
16:15
Analysis, Detection and Repair of Pixel Shorts in

PM-OLEDs
M. Kimura, Y. Kubo
First, pixel shorts in PM-OLEDs are analyzed, and it is found that some
actual shorts concoct many imaginary shorts. Next, a detection method
of the pixel shorts is invented, where light emission is observed in order
to detect the exact locations of the actual shorts. Finally, repair ideas for
the pixel shorts are proposed, which is expected to effectively separate
the pixel shorts and repair PM-OLEDs.
----- Break -----
16:50 - 18:10
OLED3: Device Structure

Chair
Co-Chair
J. Halls, CDT, UK
Y. Sato, JST, Japan
OLED3 - 1
16:50
Lifetime Optimization of Multi-Primary OLED

Displays
O. Belik, N. Cordes, F. Budzelaar, J. Hoppenbrouwers,
A. Giraldo, N. van der Vaart
Polymer and Small Molecule OLED self-emissive displays have high

brightness, almost perfect viewing angle, and fast response time. An
OLED display with an extra fourth primary can reproduce a wider colour
gamut than a conventional three primary RGB display. Apart from that it
allows to increase the lifetime of the OLED display. This paper shows
how a multi-primary display with a wider gamut can use the redundancy
to increase its lifetime.
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Tuesday
OLED3 - 2
17:10
December 6
High Efficiency Green-Light-Emitting
Phosphorescent Organic Devices Based on a SideCoupling Color-Conversion Technique
A. Mikami, Y. Iida, K. Seishu, Y. Nishita
A high efficiency phosphorescent yellowish-green-OLED has been

developed based on a Side-Coupling-Color-Conversion-Method (SC3M),
in which the green-light emission from an organic layer is laterally
transferred to an adjacent color-conversion layer. The device with SC3M
structure showed an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 22.3% by
using a phosphorescent excitation light with an EQE of 15.1%, which is
exceed to the theoretical limit for an out-coupling efficiency.
OLED3 - 3
17:30
Improved Light Out-Coupling Efficiency of TopEmitting Organic EL Devices with Ultra-Thin

Transparent Electrode
T. Miyashita*, S. Naka*,**, H. Okada*,**, H. Onnagawa*,**
*Toyama Univ., Japan
**JST, Japan
We have investigated light out-coupling efficiency of top-emitting organic

electroluminescent devices varied with thickness of transparent
electrode and anode electrodes. Out-coupling efficiency changed
periodically with indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) thickness and maximum
luminance was obtained for IZO thickness of 25 nm. For the device with
ultra-thin Au electrode of 10 nm and MoO3 buffer layer, luminance and
current efficiency are also improved as 8,000 cd/m2 and 2.2 cd/A,
respectively.
OLED3 - 4
17:50
A Novel Carbon Film on ITO to Enhance the

Performance Organic Light Emitting Diodes
C. K. Tzen, W. J. Shen, Y. L. Kao, S. J. Tang
Carbon films (CCn) as a HIL layer on ITO surface have been prepared in
different deposition rates of CFx in the PECVD, followed by UV and
plasma treatment. Higher ratio of CFx was turned into CCn after UV
treatment, compared to gaseous Ar and N2 plasma treatment. Ultra-thin
CFx remained at outer surface of CCn were shown in the XPS spectra.
Higher brightness of OLED with CCn as a HIL on ITO has been
observed.
Author Interviews
18:20 - 19:20
IMID / IDMC2006
Aug. 22 25, 2006
Daegu, Korea
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Wednesday
December 7
10:40 - 12:05
OLED4/AMD5: Active Matrix OLED

Chair
Co-Chair
B. J. Feenstra, Philips Res. Labs., The Netherlands

R. Hattori, Kyushu Univ., Japan
OLED4/AMD5 - 1: Invited Development of Full Color Double Sided

10:40
Active Matrix OLED
C.-W. Ko, S.-H. Hu, S.-H. Li, T.-H. Hsiao, K.-S. Lee,
C.-J. Chen, J.-H. Chen, J.-J. Lih
A 1.5-inch full color double sided AMOLED has been developed. The
typical sub-pixel area is divided into two regions, which are designed for
top-emission and bottom-emission structures. With the novel array
design, independent images on both sides of the panel can be
controlled by only one IC driver. Superior performance of the double
sided AMOLED such as high color saturation and good power efficiency
were achieved. Very thin form factor and light weight with capability of
showing two independent images on both sides make the double sided
AMOLED an excellent candidate for cell phone application.
OLED4/AMD5 - 2
11:05
7-in. WVGA AM-OLED Display with Color Filter on

Array (COA) and Pixel Compensation Technology
D.-Z. Peng, C.-H. Tseng, S.-C. Chang, P.-H. Yeh,
H.-L. Hsu, Y.-M. Tsai
Toppoly OptoElect. Taiwan, Taiwan
We have developed a 7-inch WVGA full-color AM-OLED display with

technology of color filter on array (COA) and pixel compensation circuit.
To prevent precision mask misalignment issues, high efficiency white
OLED with COA was applied for higher resolution. In addition, a pixel
circuit which compensates both the TFT variations as well as EL power
voltage drop was proposed to improve the uniformity on the panel. With
these technologies, a large-size and high-resolution OLED display could
be achieved.
OLED4/AMD5 - 3
11:25
Novel Voltage-Sensing and Voltage-Programming

Method for Large-Size and High-Resolution AMOLED Panels
H.-J. In, P.-S. Kwag, J.-S. Kang, O.-K. Kwon, H.-K. Chung*
Hanyang Univ, Korea
*Samsung SDI, Korea
A novel voltage-sensing and voltage-programming method is proposed

for large-size and high-resolution AMOLED panels. The proposed
method successfully compensates the threshold voltage and mobility
variations of poly-Si TFTs throughout a large-size panel and overcomes
the problem of charging a data line. The HSPICE simulation results
show that the maximum emission current error for 30-inch full HDTV
applications is less than 1.86%, when the mobility variation and the
threshold voltage variation are +12.5% and +0.3V, respectively.
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Wednesday
OLED4/AMD5 - 4
11:45
December 7
New Current Compensation Theory in AM-OLED
Pixel Circuit by Employing Voltage-Scaled
Programming Method
W.-J. Nam, J.-H. Lee, S.-M. Han, H.-J. Lee, M.-K. Han
For the first time, we propose a new voltage-scaled programming pixel

circuit of AMOLED displays. Data voltages are scaled-down by the
capacitive-coupling of off-transition of the scan signal. The proposed
scheme of data voltage modulation contributes to scale down the VTH
variation of the poly-Si TFT. The input range of data voltages is scaled
up and the data addressing errors due to the clock feed-through of the
scan signal are also reduced. Finally, IOLED is compensated and the
uniform current is successfully controlled.
Author Interviews
17:30 - 18:30
15:00 - 17:00
Exhibition Hall
Poster OLEDp/AMDp: Active Matrix OLED

OLEDp/AMDp - 1
Novel Sub-Intra Gate Poly-Si TFT Structure for AMOLED Pixel Drivers
C. J. Shih, C. H. Fang, D. H. Deng, P. C. Liu, C. P. Kuan,
C. C. Lu
The novel poly-Si thin film transistors based on sub-gate, intra-gate, and
asymmetric dual-gate structures are developed to satisfy the strict
requirements of AMOLED pixel drivers. Our experimental results show
that the proposed design can optimize the performance of dual gate
structures by suppressing kink current and light-induced leakage
current, while the aperture ratio and field effect mobility are also
improved remarkably.
OLEDp/AMDp - 2
7-in. WQVGA p-Si LTPS AM-OLED with Novel Driving

Architecture
I.-C. Shih, M.-T. Hsu
This paper presents a novel driving architecture for AMOLED that

adopts the commercialized TFT-LCD driver IC. By utilizing fully p-Si
LTPS process, this architecture has been successfully implementation
on the 7-inch AMOLED display.
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Wednesday
December 7
OLEDp/AMDp - 3
New Pixel Circuits for Driving Organic Light Emitting

Diodes with Low Temperature Polycrystalline Si Thin
Film Transistors
Y. H. Tai, B. T. Chen, Y. J. Kuo, Y. J. Wei, C. C. Tsai,
K. Y. Chiang, H. C. Cheng
Two new pixel circuits for active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED), based on the low-temperature polycrystalline Si thin-film
transistors (LTPS-TFTs) are proposed and the Vth compensation ability
is verified by SPICE simulation and measured results. The voltageprogramming pixel circuits are formed by five TFTs, one additional
control signal, and one storage capacitor. The simulation and measured
results show that the pixel circuit has high immunity to the variation of
poly-Si TFT characteristics.
OLEDp/AMDp - 4
Non-Contact Method for Analysis of Pixel Circuits in

Active Matrix OLED Using External Probes with
Electrical Pulses and Photo-Multiplier Tube Detector
P. L. Huang, S. J. Tang
We presented an effective non contact way to probe TFTs and capacitor

on pixels, which was used to control on/off of switches and data storage
to light on AMOLED devices. The detecting system was a combination
of external electrical pulses on panel leads and a photomultiplier tube
(PMT) detector. The OLED emitting signal had been the clue to
understand of the behaviors of pixel circuits by modifying the electrical
signal, and performance of OLED had been successfully improved.
OLEDp/AMDp - 5
New Pixel Driving Scheme Based a-Si:H TFTs by

Eliminating Switching TFTs in OLED Current Path for
Low Power Consumption
H.-S. Shin, J.-H. Lee, K.-S. Shin, M.-K. Han
We propose a new pixel design for active matrix organic light emitting
diode (AM-OLED) displays using hydrogenated amorphous silicon thinfilm transistors (a-Si:H TFTs). The proposed circuit is employed by a
new scheme of threshold voltage compensation. As VDD supply lines are
utilized clock signal, the threshold voltage of the driving TFTs is
memorized during the VDD clock signal off. The proposed circuit needs
only one driving TFT located in the OLED current path without any
additional switching TFT for VTH compensation, resulting in lower power
consumption than the conventional pixel circuits.
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OLEDp/AMDp - 6
December 7
Adaptive Current Scaling Pixel Circuit for a-Si:H AMOLED Displays
J. Z. Huang, J. A. Cheng, Y. C. Lin, W. Cheng,
H.-P. D. Shieh
An adaptive current scaling pixel circuit for a-Si: H TFT process has
been demonstrated. The adaptive current scaling is achieved by
inserting a small cascaded storage capacitor to the traditional pixel
circuit without affecting the aperture ratio. The proposed pixel circuit is
capable of shorting the programming time without sacrificing the power
consumption. Hence, the proposed pixel circuit is suitable for the large
size and high resolution AMOLED application.
OLEDp/AMDp - 7L High Contrast Top Emission Active Matrix RGB
OLED
R. Wood, R. Cheuk, WY. Kim
Luxell Technologies, Canada
This work centers on the design of a high contrast AM top emission
OLED. The device is built on an AM backplane, with discreet RGB color
pixels, and a semi-transparent cathode. The structure utilizes the cavity
effects for enhanced emission while simultaneously incorporating a
tuned cathode for destructive optical interference.
OLEDp/AMDp - 8L 3-TFT Pixel Circuit Employing a Fraction Time
Annealing To Improve a Current Stability of a-Si:H
TFT AMOLED
J. H. Lee, W. J. Nam, H. S. Shin, M. K. Han
We have proposed and fabricated 3-TFT pixel circuit employing a
fraction time annealing to improve a current stability for a-Si:H TFT
based AMOLED backplane. The measurement results, after an electrical
bias and temperature (60) stress of 12 hours, show that OLED current
is decreased by 23% in conventional 2-TFT pixel, while decreased by
6% in the proposed 3-TFT pixel because a negative bias can reduce
VTH degradation of a-Si:H TFT itself.
OLEDp/AMDp - 9L New Voltage Programmed AMOLED Pixel Circuit
Using Reference Current
M. H. Jung, I. H. Choi, O. H. Kim, T. Y. Kim*, Y. W. Shin*,
H. J. Chung*
POSTECH, Korea
*Kumoh Nat. Institue of Tech., Korea
A new pixel structure composed of six TFTs and one capacitor adopting
low temperature polysilicon (LTPS) is proposed. It can compensate both
the TFT threshold voltage variation and the supply voltage drop on
operation. Simulation of the proposed circuit is carried out with SMART
SPICE of RPI poly-Si TFT model.
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Wednesday
December 7
15:00 - 17:00
Exhibition Hall
Poster OLEDp: OLED poster

OLEDp - 1
Improvement of Electron Injection and Transport

Ability of C60 Electron Transport Layer
T. J. Park, Y. K. Lee, J. Y. Kim, S. K. Kwon, M. H. Kang,
D. H. Song, J. H. Kwon, J. Jang
We have developed a new electron transport layer (ETL) of a n-typed

doped C60 composite for small molecule organic light-emitting diodes
(OLEDs). The device using a n-type doped C60 material as an ETL
showed much higher electron injection ability compared with un-doped
one. The current density of n-type doped C60 device exhib-ited
30mA/cm2 at 3.4 V, while un-doped C60 device showed 2.5mA/cm2 at
the same voltage. This result indicates that n-type doped C60 facilitates
electron injection and transport from Al cathode without any electron
injection barrier
OLEDp - 2
Study of High Efficient Top-Emitting Multi-Photon

OLED
N. Nagai, Y-C. Lou, N. Miura, N. Tsutsui
Int. Test & Eng. Service, Japan
The top-emitting multiphoton OLED of two unit luminescence layers has

been studied. IZO has been used for CGL (Charge Generation Layer)
and MoO3 also has been applied for the buffer on organic layer. The
luminescence of this top-emitting multiphoton device has shown the
efficiency at twice of the single structures value.
OLEDp - 3
Nickel Embedded Indium Tin Oxide Anode for

Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Devices
C.-M. Hsu, Y.-S. Chen, C.-L. Tsai, W.-T. Wu
Characteristics of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with a structure

of Al/tris(8-hydroxyquino-line) aluminum (Alq3)/N, N-bis- (1-naphthyl)-N,
N-diphenyl-1,1biphenyl-4, 4-diamine (NPB)/indium tin oxide (ITO)/PET
film have been improved by nickel embedded ITO anode. A turn-on
voltage of 2.3 V can be reduced with the Ni-embedded OLED. The
surface roughness of ITO and Ni is also lowered due to the use of a
chemical-mechanical polishing process. The Ni-embedded ITO approach
is hence capable of providing better OLED opto-electrical characteristics
and improved lifetime at the same time.
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Wednesday
OLEDp - 4
December 7
Enhanced Lifetime of Organic Light-Emitting
Devices Using a Nickel-Doped Indium Tin Oxide
Anode
C.-M. Hsu, W.-C. Hsu, C.-S. Kuo, W.-T. Wu
The lifetime of an organic light-emitting diode(OLED)has been improved

by the introduction of Ni atoms in the surface of ITO anodes. A cosputter of Ni and ITO generates a high ITO surface work function and
hence enhances the hole injection efficiency. It is demonstrated that the
lifetime of the OLED device with Ni-doing can be 1.7 times longer than
that without Ni-doping. The results suggest that the existence of Ni
atoms in ITO surface can improve OLED characteristics without any
drawback in lifetime.
OLEDp - 5
Using Tunneling Junction to Enhance Hole-Injection

in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
C.-C. Chang, S.-W. Hwang, M.-T. Hsieh, J.-W. Ma,
C.-H. Chen, J.-F. Chen
We demonstrate enhanced hole-injection and lower driving voltage in

vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a novel
tunneling junction composed of the Mg: Alq3/WO3 layer.The device, ITO/
Mg: Alq3/WO3/NPB/Alq3/ LiF/Al, achieved one of the lowest driving
voltages of 5.8 V at 20mA/cm2 for conventional small molecule OLEDs.
We propose the laminated Mg: Alq3/WO3/NPB functions as a Fowler
Nordheim tunneling junction, which can improve hole-injection. It was
found to also prolong device lifetime under dc driving, that is
comparable to the best reported for the Alq3 emitter.
OLEDp - 6
Enhancing the Organic Electroluminescent Property

by Using Cerium Fluoride as an Electron Injection
Layer
H.-L. Hsu, H.-W. Chen, E.-J. Chen, P.-H. Yeh, Y.-M. Tsai
In this study, the properties of organic electroluminescent (EL) devices

using cerium fluorides as an electron injection layer were investigated.
The results show that the device containing the cerium fluorides layer is
with a higher brightness and electroluminescent efficiency than the
device without this layer. The maximum electroluminescent efficiency of
the cerium fluorides with 0.1nm/Al cathode device was 10.28 cd/A,
which is higher than the 9.67 cd/A of the LiF 1 nm/Al cathode device.
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OLEDp - 7
December 7
A Full Color Pixel with Vertical Stack of RGB
Transparent OLEDs
T. Uchida, M. Ichihara, D. Ito, T. Tamura, M. Ohtsuka,
T. Otomo*
Tokyo Polytechnic Univ., Japan
*MATSUBO, Japan
Transparent organic electro-luminescence device (TOLED) has a

specific feature that it is transparent when light is not emitted. By
choosing a light emissive material for each color, we can fabricate such
a transparent device that emits red, green or blue light respectively.
Furthermore, it enables us to fabricate a full color display by stacking
these R,G,B, TOLEDs. In this display, RGB lights are emitted from one
pixel and a full color display is achieved by controlling each emission of
light individually and simultaneously.
OLEDp - 8
Modification of Polycrystalline Silicon as Efficient

Anode for Active Matrix Organic Light-Emitting
Diodes
X. L. Zhu, J. X. Sun, H. J. Peng, Z. G. Meng, M. Wong,
H.-S. Kwok
The Hong Kong Univ. of Sci. & Tech., China
The effects of different modification methods for polycrystalline silicon

(p-Si) on the performance of p-Si anode OLEDs have been studied. UVozone treatment of p-Si improved the device performance with suitable
UV time, while O2 plasma treatment led to deterioration. By depositing
ultra-thin high work function metal oxides, such as V2O5 and MoO3, on
p-Si anode, the performance of OLEDs was greatly improved compared
with those using bare p-Si as anode and competitive with that of the
conventional devices with ITO anode.
OLEDp - 9
White Light Emitting Devices from PolyfluoreneBased Blue and MeH-PPV Polymer Blending System
S. K. Kwon, Y. K. Lee, M. H. Kang, J. Y. Kim, T. J. Park,
D. H. Song, J. K. Jin*, D. C. Shin*, W. J. Choi*, H. You*,
J. H. Kwon, J. Jang
*SK, Korea
We have fabricated white polymeric light-emitting devices (WPLEDs)

from polyfluorene-based (PFO) blue and MEH-PPV polymer blending
systems. A device structure of ITO / PEDOT:PSS / polymer / LiF / Al
was employed. A current efficiency of 4.3 cd/A (4,230 cd/m2, QE=1.9%)
and a brightness value of 21,430 cd/m2 at 9.2 V with (0.35, 0.37) CIE
coordinates at 5V and (0.29, 0.30) at 9V were obtained.
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December 7
OLEDp - 10
The Effect of Anode Carrier Concentration on OLEDs

Performance
J. Hu, F. R. Zhu, L.-W. Tan, K. S. Ong, X. T. Hao*
Inst. of Materials Res. & Eng., Singapore
*Chiba Univ., Japan
A study was carried out to understand the effect of carrier concentration

in anode on the electroluminescent performance of the OLEDs. The
surface electronic structure of ITO was found to be relevant to the
carrier concentration in ITO film. The anode contact property at ITO/
organic interface can be optimized by controlling ITO bulk carrier
concentrations and its surface properties through surface modification.
The electroluminescent characteristics of devices reveal that carrier
concentration in ITO plays a role in improving device performance.
OLEDp - 11
See-Through PLED Display

L.-W. Tan, C. C. Choy, K. S. Ong, X.-T. Hao*, E. C.-W.Ou,
F. R. Zhu
Inst. of Materials Res. & Eng., Singapore
*Chiba Univ,. Japan
A high performance dual-sided top-emitting polymer OLED exhibited a

total luminous efficiency of ~5.0 cd/A at 4.0 V, which is comparable to
that for a control device having bottom emission structure. A laser
ablation technology was developed to define the pixels. The cathode
separation was achieved without using the conventional reverse
trapezoid type. A prototype of see-through polymer light-emitting passive
matrix display has a matrix of 10032 with a display area of 32.25 by
11.15 mm.
OLEDp - 12
Failure Mechanism of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

on Flexible Substrate under Static and Dynamic
Mechanical Stress
J.-S. Oh, M. A. Karim, H.-Y. Shin, Y.-R Cho
The mechanism of failure of patterned ITO electrodes on PET was

investigated under static and cyclic bending in the mechanical stress
mode. When mechanical stresses are increased, two types of microcracks are observed depending on the stress modes. The direction of
the micro-crack in ITO electrodes is perpendicular to the load for the
static mode. The electrical resistance of an ITO electrode is related to
the density of the micro-cracks and failure mechanism of ITO electrode.
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OLEDp - 13
December 7
Enhancement of Luminance Characteristics in Top
Emitting OLEDs with Cr/Al/Cr Anodes
S. M. Chung, C. S. Hwang, J. I. Lee, S. H. Park, Y. S. Yang,
L. M. Do, H. Y. Chu
Elect. & TeleCommun. Res. Inst., Korea
We report on the effects of anode deposition methods on the TEOLED

characteristics. Top-emitting organic light-emitting diode was fabricated
on chromium and aluminum multilayer of Cr/Al/Cr anode using Si wafer
as a substrate. Chromium layers have been deposited by two different
deposition methods of sputtering and e-beam depositions. The TEOLED
containing the chromium layer deposited by sputtering method showed
higher luminance and efficiency than that containing the chromium layer
deposited by e-beam deposition.
OLEDp - 14
An Investigation of the Emission Mechanism for

White Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Comprising
Blue Fluorescence and Phosphorescent Iridium
Complexes
J.-F. Li, S.-F. Chen*, S.-S. Su**, M. Yokoyama**,
K.-S. Hwang
Nat. Chung-Cheng Univ., Taiwan
*Nat. Chiao-Tung Univ., Taiwan
**I-Shou Univ., Taiwan
We report on a highly efficient white organic light-emitting diode

(WOLED), and establish the possible emission mechanisms of WOLED
configured with blue fluorescence and phosphorescent iridium
complexes. Evidence showed that by utilizing the suitable thickness of
green and red emitting layer (400
a higher luminance
performance of WOLED could be obtained. It is suggested that the
optimal thickness of green and red emitting layer could effectively assist
the carrier injection and emitting in green and red emitting layer.
OLEDp - 15
Comparison between Laser and Wet Etching of

Indium Tin Oxide on Optoelectrical Properties of
Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
J.-F. Li, S.-H. Su*, G.-T. Chen*, M. Yokoyama*,
K.-S. Hwang
Nat. Chung-Cheng Univ., Taiwan
*I-Shou Univ., Taiwan
We investigated the influence on optoelectrical properties of organic light

emitting diode (OLED) by both etching methods of indium tin oxide (ITO)
substrates. Experimental results showed that the OLED with a laseretched ITO substrate exhibits a lower drive voltage than that with a wetetched substrate. However, a laser-etched device results in a lower
luminance performance. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
measurement, we found the different surface morphology of ITO pattern
edge was get after both of the different ITO etched methods.
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OLEDp - 16
December 7
Solution-Processible Organic Light-Emitting Device
Based on Quinolato-Complex Supramolecules
J.-A. Cheng, C. H. Chen, H.-P. D. Shieh
A new type of supramolecular light-emitting materials Al (SCarq)3 was

synthesized by 5-N- ( 3-car-bazylpropyl ) -p-methylaniline-sulfonyl-8hydroxyquinoline . Via molecular engineering, its solid photoluminescence shows blue-green at 488 nm and two HOMO sites were
-5.44 and -5.93 eV. For OLEDs fabrication using spin-coating
techniques, the turn-on voltage and the maximum luminescent were 9.6
V and 35.0 cd/m2, respectively. Due to the electroplex formation, the
chromaticity of EL was shifted to green-yellow with 1931 CIEx, y (0.40,
0.47).
OLEDp - 17
Formation of Dark Spots Induced by Crystallization

of Organic Layers in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
S. Y. Kim, K.-H. Hong, C. W. Bark, Y.-M. Koo, K. Y. Kim*,
Y.-H. Tak*, J.-L. Lee
Pohang Univ. of Sci. & Tech., Korea
*LG Elect., Korea
We report electroluminescence degradation in organic light emitting

diode as a function of applying bias. A number of dark spots were
produced as applying bias increased. Microscope image showed that
dark spots are related to many protrusions and hollows formed on Al
electrode. X-ray diffraction and x-ray micro-diffraction indicate that Joule
heat from high electric field induced the crystallization of organic
materials, forming dark spots via peeling-off the Al cathode from Alq3
layers.
OLEDp - 18
Pure Aluminum as the Anode in Top Emission OLED

Fabrication Process
X. M. Yu, H. J. Peng, X. L. Zhu, J. X. Sun, M. Wong,
H. S. Kwok
Good performance top emitting organic light emitting diode (TOLED)

with pure aluminum metal layer as the bottom anode has been
fabricated. The brightness of the device could reach 4500cd/m2 at
applied voltage 12V. The highest current efficiency is about 6.8cd/A at a
driving current density 50mA/cm2, which is much higher than that of the
standard device and nearly twice as high as that of the TOLED with
additional high work function silver deposited on aluminum as the
anode.
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OLEDp - 19
December 7
Control of ITO Characteristics by Heat Treatment in
Organic Light Emitting Diodes
L. Fenenko*,**, C. Adachi*
*Chitose Inst. of Sci. & Tech., Japan
**NASU, Ukraine
ITO modification using heat treatment for low driving voltage of OLEDs
is proposed. Annealing of a regular ITO layer at 250 in a GB led to
both structural and surface changes. As a result, ITO work function was
decreased, reducing the injection barrier to holes and facilitating the
tunneling of carriers. The decrease of driving voltage with an increase of
annealing time was obtained.
OLEDp - 20
Design and Fabrication of Integrated Shadow Mask

for Passive Matrix OLED Displays
Z. H. Huang, W. M. Su, G. J. Qi, X. T. Zeng
Singapore Inst. of Manufacturing Tech., Singapore
This paper reports a structural design and fabrication process of an

advanced integrated shadow mask, which is used for fabrication of
passive matrix OLED display panel. The shadow mask is featured with
easy fabrication, low cost and ability for large or even full angle
deposition. The influence of process parameters on mask pillar profile
was discussed. A prototype of mono color passive matrix (132X64)
OLED display device was fabricated by using such an integrated
shadow mask.
OLEDp - 21
Organic Light Emitting Displays with a Single

Isolation Layer
K.-H. Choi, B.-H. Byun, S.-W. Youn, S. J. Yi, D.-H. Choi
Daewoo Elect., Korea
We developed an organic light emitting display with a new isolation

method. In the new isolation method, insulators and cathode separators
are formed simultaneously with a single layer of image reversal photoresist. The fabrication process is reduced to about 30% compared to the
conventional isolation method and the width of the isolation layers is
minimized since the insulators and the separators are self-aligned in the
new isolation method.
OLEDp - 22
The Measurement of Degradation in Organic LightEmitting Displays for Aging Compensation

H. Yang, C. L. Chien, K. C. Liu, J. W. Chen
Nat. Taipei Univ. of Tech., Taiwan
The concept of measuring the voltage-drop increment across an organic

light-emitting device (OLED) as a pixel while degrading during operation
was investigated by using an attached detection circuit as a real-time
measurement unit. Several detection circuits based on comparators with
both analog and digital design were studied by using SPICE simulation.
Our study reveals that some specific detection circuits can effectively
measure the voltage-drop increment across an OLED while degradation
occurs at initial turn-on status within the range of less than one volt. The
percentage error of our measured voltage-drop increment can be
controlled within 1.5%.
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Wednesday
OLEDp - 23
December 7
Impedance Spectroscopy of Polymer Light-Emitting
Diodes
H. Azuma, T. Okachi, N. Watanabe, T. Kobayashi, H. Naito
Osaka Pref. Univ., Japan
Impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements have been carried out on

poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (F8) polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) in
order to determine the equivalent circuits of F8 PLEDs. Below the
threshold voltage for electroluminescence (EL), F8 PLEDs can be
modeled by an equivalent circuit of one RC component. Above the
threshold for EL, F8 PLEDs can be modeled by a R - L series branch
attached parallel to the RC component. The origin of these equivalent
circuits is discussed.
OLEDp - 24
Fiber OLED Array for Flexible Display

K. Yase, K. Suzuki, M. Hiroshima, A. Mimura, Y. M. Shuu*,
S. Toda*, H. Koaizawa*
AIST, Japan
*Furukawa Elec., Japan
We have successfully fabricated organic light emitting diode (OLED) on

glass fiber as an one-dimensional substrate, whose diameter of 50300
m corresponds to the pixel size for flat panel display (FPD).
OLEDp - 25L The Power Consumption Reduction Algorithm of
OLED Display
S. R. Shin, H. H. Hwang, S. H. Kim*, J. S. Park*
Image Lab, Korea
*LG Innotek, Korea
We have developed the power consumption reduction algorithm of the
OLED display that could lower the power of it to about 30 % level of the
conventional OLED display driving. We applied this algorithm to
manufactured PM OLED models and confirmed its effect. Above all
things, this method makes it possible to drive the OLED display below a
constant power level, which can be decided by users freely. We think
that this method contributes to making it easier to commercialize the
OLED display such as a mobile product display and a large size TV.
OLEDp - 26L Efficient Blue to UV OLEDs Base on the Novel
Emitters
Y. M. Kim, Y. W. Park, J. S. Park*, Y. S. Man, S. K. Yun**,
M. H. Lee***, J. K. Kim*, B. K. Ju
Korea Univ., Korea
*Korea Inst. of Sci. & Tech., Korea
**NANO LCD, Korea
***VNF INNOVATION, Korea
Two-layer organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in the range of 380 nm
to 440 nm are reported. An efficient and stable electroluminescence with
a maximum at 400nm was observed at room temperature under a
forward bias about 5V. With the novel small molecular organic materials
for blue to ultraviolet (UV) emission, the low operating voltage (5V) and
high current efficiency (3 cd/A) have been obtained at 2mA/cm2
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Wednesday
December 7
OLEDp - 27L Analysis of the Degradation Mechanism of

Phosphorescence OLED II
R. Kamoto, K. Araki*, M. Ichikawa*, Y. Taniguchi*
Micro Analysis Lab., Japan
*Shinshuu Univ., Japan
Phosphorescence OLED of Ag-Mg/Alq3/BCP/CBPFIrpic/NPD/ITO, EL
intensity of which was reduced by half in nitrogen gas under continuous
electric driven, was analyzed by micro analysis method. Changes in
molecular structure of the all components are found to have occurred by
electrically driven, and compared with results of heat annealing
treatment.
OLEDp - 28L Suppression of Dark-Spots Formation Varied With
Cathode Interface in Organic Light Emitting Devices
Y. Motono, S. Naka, H. Okada, H. Onnagawa
Toyama Univ., Japan
Suppression of dark spots formation varied with organic layer/ cathode
structure has investigated. Basic structure for evaluation was ITO/ TPD+
Rubrene/ Alq3/(LiF or BCP/LiF or BCP)/ Cathode. Device structure
without LiF layer, number of dark spot dramatically decreased while
bright-spots appeared. By inserting BCP layer, number of dark-spots
also decreased. Dark-spots disappeared for the device with BCP/AlNd.
Trans-mission electron microscope observations at the dark-spot and
durability test fitted using Weibull distribution also were discussed.
OLEDp - 29L Efficient OLED Fabricated by All Wet Process Using
Alcohol-Soluble and Wide Energy Gap Organic
Semiconductor
Y. Goto, T. Hayashida*, M. Noto*
Kyushu Elec. Power Inc, Japan
*Daiden, Japan
We demonstrated highly efficient OLED fabricated by all wet process
employed the electron transporting material, called DYETM-4. DYETM-4
have wide energy gap of 4.26eV. The all wet processed OLED using
electron transporting DYETM-4 exhibited efficient EL performance;
maximum current efficiency MAX was evaluated to be 41.7 cd A-1 (an
external quantum efficiency = 11.6%) at an applied voltage of 9V at a
luminance of 57.4cd m-2.
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Wednesday
December 7
OLEDp - 30L Mixed Layers in OLED Devices - Hole and electron

mobility in a model system -NPD / TAZ.
H.-P. Loebl, C. Zimmermann*
Philips Res., Germany
*Inst. of Electromagnetic Theory, Germany
Efficient small molecule OLEDs attract interest for lighting applications.
To improve lifetime and efficiency, balanced carrier concentration in the
recombination region is required. This can be achieved realizing equal
mobility of electrons and holes in a mixed layer. We used a model
system consisting of a hole conductor (-NPD) and an electron
conductor (TAZ) to study the change in carrier mobility due to mixing.
The hole mobility is reduced strongly due to mixing, while the electron
mobility in the mixture remains constant. The results are explained with
hopping transport in diluted systems.
OLEDp - 31L Electroluminescent Characterization of PolymerBased Light- Emitting Diodes with Doping
Nanostructured Carbon
H. S. Koo, M. Chen*, S. K. Kwon, Y. K. Lee, T. J. Park,
J. Y. Kim, D. H. Song, K. C. Park, J. H. Kwon, J. Jang
*Ming-Hsin Univ. of Sci. & Tech., Taiwan
A polymer-based light-emitting diodes with doping minor amount
nanotsructured carbons have technically been fabricated by the solutionbased spin coating technique. Electroluminescent characterization of the
CNTs-doped polymeric light-emitting diodes have instrumentally been
measured and basically analyzed from the experimental results. The
performance of polymer light-emitting diodes in electroluminescence
have effectively been improved by doping nanostructured carbon at a
limited extent of magnitude.
WITH WINE
Monday, December 5
18:00 20:00
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Thursday
December 8
Workshop on
3D/Hyper-Realistic Displays and Systems
13:40 - 15:10
3D1: Perception and System Design

Chair
Co-Chair
3D1 - 1:
13:40
M. Katayama, NHK, Japan

M. Tsuchida, NICT, Japan
Invited Effects of Display Size on Visually Induced
Motion Sickness
H. Ujike, T. Yokoi, S. Saida*
Nat. Inst. of Advanced Ind. Sci. & Tech., Japan
*Nat. Defense Ac., Japan
To investigate effects of display size on vection and visually induced

motion sickness, we presented 20 minutes video picture, which had
been taken by hand-holding video-camera, on four different sizes of
liquid crystal displays. Number of 138 observers task was to answer the
Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, or SSQ, before and after watching
the video picture. The difference of total score of SSQ shows more
severer sickness for larger number of observers was observed for larger
display sizes. Moreover, we found that difference of gender, age and
susceptibility to motion sickness affects the results.
3D1 - 2
14:10
Added Value of a Multi-View Auto-Stereoscopic 3D

Display in Gaming Applications
R. J. E. Rajae-Joordens, E. H. A. Langendijk, P. Wilinski*,
I. E. J. Heynderickx
Philips Res., The Netherlands
*Philips 3D Solutions, The Netherlands
The longer-term use of multi-view 3D displays in gaming applications

was investigated with 20 experienced gamers. During two gaming
sessions, one in 2D and one in 3D, galvanic skin response and heart
rate were measured (both assumed to assess emotions and presence),
followed by questionnaires at the end of each session. The results show
that 3D displays provoke significantly higher positive emotions and
stronger feelings of presence than 2D displays, indicating that 3D
displays have added value in gaming applications.
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Thursday
3D1 - 3
14:30
December 8
Examination on Stereoscopic Representation with
Accommodation
K. Ohta, T. Shibata, T. Kawai, M. Otsuki*, N. Miyake*,
Y. Yoshihara**, T. Iwasaki***
Waseda Univ., Japan
*Nikon, Japan
**Arisawa Manufacturing, Japan
***Univ. of Occupational & Environmental Health, Japan
We have developed a stereoscopic 3-D display system with dynamic

optical correction that reduces the optical discrepancy. The contents of
this system allows various camera controls in virtual space to produce
different impressions. This is accomplished by means of a customized
VR authoring tool attached to the system. We examined camera control
patterns in VR space and effective expression techniques using this
system. The results show that various camera control patterns
significantly affect the subjects impression of the images.
3D1 - 4
14:50
Analysis of Reproduced 3D Space by Stereoscopic

Large LED Display
H. Noto*, H. Yamamoto*, Y. Hayasaki*, S. Muguruma**,
Y. Nagai**, Y. Shimizu**, N. Nishida*
*Univ. of Tokushima, Japan
**Nichia, Japan
We have developed a stereoscopic display system of real-world images

by use of camera devices. In the developed stereoscopic display using
full-color LED panel, reproduced positions are formulated based on
camera arrangements and eye positions. Furthermore, the limitations of
fusion of stereoscopic images shown on the stereoscopic large LED
display have been calculated for different camera arrangements and the
results suggest that there is an optimal arrangement of cameras to
maximize the reproduced three-dimensional space.
Author Interviews
17:30 - 18:30
SID 2006
June 49, 2006
http://www.sid.org
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Thursday
December 8
15:00 - 17:00
Citizens Gallery
Poster 3Dp: 3D Display (Late News)

3Dp - 1L
Autostereoscopic Display Using Dual Liquid Crystal

Display Panel
T. Nishida, K. Sakamoto
Shimane Univ., Japan
Many 3D visualization technologies have been invented, but none ever

had a broad success. This report describes the field lens display for
viewing the 2-views stereoscopic images. The conventional systems
have the defect that it needs the complicated optical system for
combining a stereo pair image. To overcome this optical problem, we
developed the dual LCD panel using two liquid crystal layers. This
display panel enables observers to view full screen high resolution
images. This study shows that it is possible to simplify the optical
system.
3Dp - 2L
A Moire Method 43-inch 3-D Display System Using

Lenticular Screen
C. Yamada, K. Irikura, H. Isono
Nippon Inst. of Tech., Japan
The authors produced a rear projection type 43-inch pseudoscopic 3-D

display using lenticular screen as creating a big depth perception on
moir method 3-D display that allows viewers to see a 3-D image
without special glasses. With this display, viewers are able to see a
image surrounded by moir patterns that appear to be either floating or
sinking without special glasses. This ability to produce deep 3-D visual
effects is a useful means for presentations and storefront
advertisements.
3Dp - 3L
Dual Views Display: Polarizer Slits Enable Full

Screen High Resolution Viewing
M. Yoshigi, K. Sakamoto
Conventional parallax barrier display systems have demerits such that

the barrier cuts resolution of a screen in half. This report describes the
development of a desktop dual views display using polarizer slits for
collaborative tasks. The polarizer slits enable observers to view full
screen high resolution images, and this proposal can solve the
resolution problem of the conventional system.
3Dp - 4L
A Turn-Type 64 Colors 3-D Display Using LEDs

T. Yamaguchi, Y. Sakamoto, I. Fukuda
We have developed a turn type a color 3-D (3 Dimensional) display

designed with a vertical array of LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) to
increase the number of depth sampling display colors to 64. The
movement of the LED array allows two dimensional images to be
perceived by the effect of afterglow. The movement of the 13 arrays
arranged depth direction enables 3-D images to be displayed in real
space. We have achieved displaying 64-colors 3-D images with high
brightness.
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Friday
December 9
Friday, December 9
10:40 - 12:25
3D2: Advanced Display Systems

Chair
Co-Chair
3D2 - 1:
10:40
S. Otsuka, NTT Data, Japan

S. Yano, NHK, Japan
Invited A 3D Video System for Archiving of Japanese
Traditional Performing Art
M. Katayama, K. Tomiyama, Y. Orihara, Y. Iwadate
NHK, Japan
We are studying how to archive Japanese intangible cultural heritage in

the form of dynamic 3D model. The dynamic 3D model is generated
from video images captured by multiple cameras surrounding a target
subject. By synthesizing the dynamic 3D model of the Noh actor with a
CG of Noh stage, we can see an entire Noh scene from any viewpoint.
We report on the outline of a 3D video system for archiving of Japanese
traditional performing art.
3D2 - 2
11:10
Optimization of Camera Parameters in Volume

Intersection
H. Iwase, K. Shoji, F. Toyama, S. Sakamoto
Utsunomiya Univ., Japan
This paper examines attempts to optimize camera parameters with

errors by reconstructing a 3D shape via the method of volume
intersection. Reprojecting the reconstructed 3D shape to image planes,
the camera parameters are determined by finding the reprojected
silhouette images that result in minimal lost area when compared to the
original silhouette images.
3D2 - 3
11:30
Compact Six-Primary Color DLP Projection Display

System for High-Fidelity Color Reproduction
M. Tsuchida*, H. Fukuda*, J. Kishimoto*, H. Kanazawa*,
M. Yamaguchi*,**, H. Haneishi*,***, N. Ohyama*,**
*Nat. Inst. of Info. & Commun. Tech., Japan
**Tokyo Inst. of Tech., Japan
***Chiba Univ., Japan
We developed a compact six-primary-color DLP projection display

consisting of two single-chip DLP projectors. Two different types of filler
are inserted into each projector so that six primary colors are obtained.
The auto calibration processor hardware calibrates images from each
projector to remove geometrical distortion in real-time from the six
primary-color images when they are overlapped on the screen. The
image size on the screen is 20 inches, and the resolution is SXGA+.
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Friday
3D2 - 4
11:50
December 9
Small Cylindrical Display Using an Aspherical Mirror
for Anthropomorphic Aagents
T. Kawanishi*, M. Tsuchida**, S. Takagi***, A. Kimura,
J. Yamato
NTT, Japan
*Plala Networks, Japan
**NTT Data, Japan
***Okinawa Nat. College of Tech., Japan
We have developed a small cylindrical display for anthropomorphic

agents that communicate with multiple users in a 3D environment. A
previously reported cylindrical display was dark with poor contrast in the
lower part of the screen because the pixel density is much lower than in
the upper part. We improved the uniformity of the pixel density by using
an aspherical mirror. Experimental results show that our new display has
better luminance and better contrast than the previously reported
display.
3D2 - 5L
12:10
Pixel Design for Optimized 2D/3D Displays

C. van Berkel, M. Inoue*, T. Inada*, H. Louwsma**,
S. T. de Zwart***, J. R. Hector
Philips Res. Labs., UK
*Philips Mobile Display Syss., Japan
**Philips Mobile Display Syss., The Netherlands
***Philips Res. Labs., The Netherlands
A 2D/3D switchable 1.8 QVGA AMLCD has been made with optimised
colour filter and pixel layout. In 2D mode the display provides full
resolution and brightness, while in 3D mode it provides full brightness,
4-view multiview 3D with high resolution per view, minimized inter-view
cross talk and large freedom of viewing position.
----- Lunch -----
13:50 - 15:00
3D3: Holography
Chair
Co-Chair
164
J.-Y. Son, Hanyang Univ., Korea

M. Tsuchida, NICT, Japan
2005.11.02 18.22.10
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Friday
3D3 - 1:
13:50
December 9
Invited Real-Time Electroholography by SpecialPurpose Computer HORN
T. Ito*,**, N. Masuda**, A. Shiraki**, T. Shimobaba***
*JST, Japan
**Chiba Univ., Japan
***Yamagata Univ., Japan
We have developed special-purpose computers, named HORN, for a

computer-generated hologram. The latest machine HORN-5 calculates a
hologram with a 1,408 by 1,050 resolution at video rate for an object
consisting of 10,000 points. It is 1,000 times faster than a todays
personal computer. We discuss the effectiveness of a special-purpose
computer system for a real-time electroholography which requires
enormous calculation cost. 50- to 80-word abstract is required.
3D3 - 2
14:20
A Colored Interactive Three-Dimensional Display

System by Use of Electroholographic Display Unit
T. Shimobaba, A. Shiraki*, N. Masuda*, T. Ito*,**
Yamagata Univ., Japan
*Chiba Univ., Japan
**JST, Japan
We report a colored interactive three dimensional (3D) display system

by use of an electroholographic display unit consisting of a specialpurpose chip for holography and a high resolution liquid crystal display
panel. An observer can perform interactive operations, such as rotation
and movement, to the reconstructed color 3D object by use of a
keyboard, while viewing the reconstructed color 3D object.
3D3 - 3
14:40
Parallax Barrier 3D Reflection Display Using

Holographic Screen
K. Sakamoto, M. Takaki, M. Nishida
The 3D reflection display system using an LCD projector has superior

characteristics, such as having a large screen with wide field of view.
However the conventional projection 3D display system has such
disadvantage that the observer needs to wear special glasses for
viewing stereoscopic images. This paper describes the 3D reflection
display system with a holographic screen. This 3D display can avoid the
problem of the conventional system. Moreover, the observer can view
glasses-free 3D images without the pseudoscopic problem.
----- Break -----
15:10 - 17:15
3D4: 3D Display
Chair
Co-Chair
I. Yuyama, Utsunomiya Univ., Japan

T. Mishina, NHK, Japan
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Friday
3D4 - 1:
15:10
December 9
Invited Development of Lenticular-Type
Autostereoscopic Liquid Crystal Display Based on
One-Dimensional Integral Imaging
K. Taira, Y. Hirayama
Toshiba, Japan
We developed an autostereoscopic display using a vertical lenticular

sheet and a liquid crystal display with modified color pixel arrangement.
This autostereoscopic display had more than ten horizontal parallaxes
generated by employing the integral imaging method that realize easyto-view, natural, and less-fatiguing stereoscopic images. We also
proposed a flatbed-type display that brought about a more effective
stereoscopic experience than that available in the case of the
conventional upright-type display.
3D4 - 2
15:40
High-Appearance Images Generated by High-Density

Directional Display
Y. Takaki, T. Dairiki
Tokyo Univ. of A&T, Japan
The ray reflection and refraction should be precisely controlled in order

to reproduce the appearances of objects, such as specularity and
transparency of objects. The high-density directional display can
reproduce the appearances of objects because it can control a large
number of directional images projected in different horizontal directions
with directional rays. The prototype display which generates directional
rays in 72 different horizontal directions with the angle pitch of 0.38
was constructed and the impression analysis experiments showed its
effectiveness.
3D4 - 3
16:00
Full Parallax Image Generation with a Single Viewing

Zone Forming Optics
J.-Y. Son, V. V. Saveljev, S.-Y. Chung*, K.-H. Cha*
Hanyang Univ., Korea
Three different arrangements of different view images in the multiview

imaging systems are examined and their constructing methods are
investigated to build full parallax 3 dimensional imaging systems with
use of a viewing zone forming optics which is composed of one
dimensionally aligned elementary optics. By arranging the images two
dimensionally in the pixel cell, depth sense for almost 180deg inclination
angle of viewers head to the shoulder is obtained
3D4 - 4
16:20
Lastest Developments in a Multi-User 3D Display

P. Surman*, I. Sexton*, K. Hopf**, W. K. Lee*, R. Bates*,
T. Koukoulas*
*De Montfort Univ., UK
**Heinrich-Hertz-Inst., Germany
The principle of operation of the De Montfort University (DMU) multiuser 3D display is described. The DMU display enables several viewers
to move freely over a large area and to all see the same stereo image
pair without the use of special glasses. A brief description of the first
prototype, and the problems identified from this, will be given. Work on
an improved prototype that is currently being built is described.
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Friday
December 9
3D4 - 5
16:40
Fractional Viewing Systems to Reduce Banding in

Lenticular Based 3D Displays
O. H. Willemsen, S. T. de Zwart, W. L. IJzerman
In this paper we describe the design of a 5 view lenticular based 2D/3D

display for mobile applications A very noticeable such displays is the
occurrence of dark bands. We will show that, despite slanting the
lenticular and defocusing the lens, banding becomes unacceptable
when the display is viewed from an angle. We introduce fractional
viewing systems to reduce the banding intensity by almost two orders of
magnitude. The resulting 3D display can be viewed from any direction
without banding.
3D4 - 6L
17:00
Depth Reproducibility for Inclined View in DFD

(Depth Fused 3-D) Display
M. Date*, H. Takada*, Y. Gotoh*,**, S. Suyama*
*NTT, Japan
**Kyoto Univ., Japan
The depth reproduction characteristics of the DFD display were studied

when an observer views it at an oblique angle. The tendency can be
roughly explained considering binocular disparity induced by all
combinations of side edges of front and rear images. If the spatial lowpass-filter effect in edge detection is considered, the experimental
results agree well with theoretical calculations.
Author Interviews
17:10 - 18:10
EXHIBITION
12:00 18:00 Tuesday, Dec. 6
9:00 18:00 Wednesday, Dec. 7
9:00 18:00 Thursday, Dec. 8
9:00 14:00 Friday, Dec. 9
Small Hall 2 (5F)
Free admission with your registration name tag.
167
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Wednesday
December 7
Workshop on
Applied Vision and Human Factors
9:00 - 9:10
Opening
Opening Remarks
9:00
H. Isono, Workshop Chair
9:10 - 10:50
VHF1: Viewing Angle Dependent Image Quality

Chair
Co-Chair
Y. Shimodaira, Shizuoka Univ., Japan

T. Kurita, NHK, Japan
VHF1 - 1
9:10
Can We Predict LCD Aspect Using Local Viewing

Angle Measurements?
P. Boher, V. Gibour, T. Leroux
ELDIM, France
The paper study if the aspect of LCDs is driven by local emission

inhomogeneites or by geometrical consideration. To clear this point we
use viewing angle measurements at different positions on the surface of
a display and simulate the LCD aspect versus observer position.
Comparison to video colorimeter images of the same displays show that
both local and global properties of the display must be taken into
account to predict correctly the aspect of the displays.
VHF1 - 2
9:30
Subjective Evaluation of Various Grayscale Viewing

Angle Characteristics Using Simulated Images
Y. Hisatake, M. Obi, H. Ito, C. Tago, Y. Kawata,
A. Murayama
Patience Limit (PL) and Just Noticeable Difference (JND) of various

grayscale viewing angle characteris-tics were evaluated subjectively
using simulated images. In the evaluation, ten test subjects evaluated 4
types of picture images and those of 8 different images; 2 kinds of
reverse images, 3 kinds of black crushing images and 3 kinds of white
omission images with several grayscale difference levels. The results
show that the concern-ments depend on not only kinds of pictures but
also these images significantly.
168
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Wednesday
VHF1 - 3
9:50
December 7
The Gray Level Distortion Value for Off-Axis Image
Quality Evaluation
Y. P. Huang, W. K. Huang, M. C. Wu, C. H. Tsao, J. J. Su,
T. R. Chang, P. L. Chen, Y. C. Lin, K. Y. Lin
A gray-level ratio distortion (GRD) value was proposed to easily evaluate

the off-axis image quality in the more sensitive gray level of human
eyes. Accordingly, the pixel structure with GRD (60o,0o) = 0.22 was
designed on a 32-inch advanced MVA-LCD for low color-washout at
large viewing angle.
VHF1 - 4
10:10
A Viewing Angle Evaluation Method for LCDs

Considering Visual Adaptation Characteristics
M. Yamada, Y. Mitsumori, K. Miyazaki, M. Ishida
A new evaluation method of viewing angle characteristics for liquidcrystal displays(LCDs) has been studied. We adopted CIE based color
difference formula for evaluating color reproduction characteristics of
LCDs, and we found that mean color difference Euv of all pixels
between im-ages are well correspond to the psychophysical image
quality estimation results. Moreover, we consider adaptation state of the
human vision, and we can obtain viewing angle evaluation index which
suited the appearance of LCD images.
VHF1 - 5
10:30
Secure Information Display by Use of Composite

Visual Cryptography of a Secret Image and
Identification Images
H. Yamamoto, Y. Hayasaki, N. Nishida
Univ. of Tokushima, Japan
We propose a secure display technique that ensures security of

displayed information. We have developed a set of composite visual
cryptography codes with which secret information is embedded in a
displayed image and a decoding mask, both of which show identification
images independent of the secret. With placing the decoding mask in
front of an information display, the secret information is perceived when
the displayed image is viewed through the decoding mask within a
limited viewing zone.
----- Break -----
11:10 - 12:15
VHF2: Moving Image Quality (1)

Chair
Co-Chair
T. Kurita, NHK, Japan

Y. Shimodaira, Shizuoka Univ., Japan
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Wednesday
VHF2 - 1:
11:10
December 7
Invited Moving Picture Response Improvement
Technology for LCD TelevisionsClear Focus
Drive
R. Otake, Y. Ishikawa, S. Kitao, T. Funamoto, K. Miyabe
The Clear Focus Drive technique which improves drastically in the

moving picture display performance of LCD-TVs has been successfully
developed. This technique is composed of Motion compensation type
frame rate conversion and Synchronous scanning type blinking
backlight. Then, we can reduce the hold time to cause moving picture
blurring of LCD-TVs, in the half of the conventional one. This presents a
realistic video picture of LCD-TVs.
VHF2 - 2
11:40
TFT-LCD with CRT-Like Moving Picture Response

Time (MPRT)
F. T. Pai, D. Lin, S. M. Lee, H. K. Hsieh, X. Q. Chang,
C. H. Hsu, A. Chao, T. S. Jen
HannStar Display, Taiwan
A CRT-like motion picture quality of TFT-LCD was developed. The

motion picture quality evaluated by the index of moving picture response
time (MPRT), using Otsuka MPRT-1000 system, is similar to that of
CRT. The measured average MPRT are (a) 19.30ms for TFT-LCD
without advanced over-drive technology (AOT), (b) 7.92ms for TFT-LCD
with AOT, and (c) 12.5ms for CRT monitor, respectively.
VHF2 - 3L
12:00
Proposal of High-Picture-Quality LCD System Based

on Moving Picture Simulation OCB Possibility for
High-Picture-Quality LCD System
N. Yamagishi, H. Ishibashi, A. Kakinuma, T. Arai,
H. Yamagami
Possibilities of improvement in moving picture quality on LCD were

investigated using moving picture blur simulation. As a result, it has
been clarified that OCB mode with fast responsive capability is
promising for high performance LC TVs when 120 Hz driving coupled
with black data insertion. An LCD with moving picture display
performance substantially in the same level as that of CRT can be
achieved.
----- Lunch -----
14:00 - 15:00
VHF3: Moving Image Quality (2)

Chair
Co-Chair
170
J. Bergquist, Nokia Japan, Japan

N. Hiruma, NHK, Japan
2005.11.02 18.23.15
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Wed./Thu.
VHF3 - 1
14:00
December 7/8
Dynamic Gamma: Applications to Hold Type Motion
Blur Reduction Using Synchronized Backlight
Flashing
X.-F. Feng, H. Pan, S. Daly
Sharp Labs. of America, USA
We modeled backlight flashing using motion blur model and conducted

backlight flashing experiment on a LCD display with a LED backlight.
The LED was flashed at a fraction of the LCD frame period. We found
that although motion blur was greatly reduced with flashing, new
artifacts such as ghosting were observed. The cause is due to poor
synchronization and incorrect overdrive. Conventional overdrive can not
guarantee the LCD to reach the target level at flashing time thus
causing the ghosting. We modified the dynamic gamma metric to
incorporate flashing timing which reduced the ghosting.
VHF3 - 2
14:20
Moving Picture Color Artifacts Measured by Using a

Pursuit Camera System
Y. Enami, K. Oka*
Otsuka Elect., Japan
*Nanosoftware, Japan
Since human eye recognizes motion blur as a distortion of both

luminance and chromaticity, motion blur should be analyzed based on
both luminance and chromaticity. we study method of evaluating colored
motion blurring in a point of chromaticity. And colored blurring edge is
evaluated from moving picture response curve of color difference Euv*.
VHF3 - 3
14:40
Image Quality Degradation of Moving Pictures: Trial

to Obtain a Metric in JND Unit
K. Oka, Y. Enami*
Nanosoftware, Japan
*Otsuka Elect., Japan
Motion blur is most important among many motion artifacts, which

degrade image quality. A method to determine a blur width on a pursuit
image of moving test pattern is proposed. FFT filtering by using CSF
provides stimuli curve expressing Mach band. The width is obtained
from a distance between maximum and minimum peaks. This will be
called a Perceived Blur Edge Width. The widths are compared with
extended blur edge widths.
Author Interviews
17:30 - 18:30
9:00 - 10:20
VHF4: Color Reproduction

Chair
Co-Chair
H. Isono, Nippon Inst. of Tech., Japan

T. Tamura, Tokyo Polytech. Univ., Japan
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Thursday
VHF4 - 1:
9:00
December 8
Invited Color Issues and Solutions for AMLCD
Technology
G. Marcu
Apple Computer, USA
This paper discusses few factors affecting the color rendition on typical
LCDs, with emphasis on notebook displays. The paper presents few
correction algorithms for improving color performance of these displays
in the area of gray tracking, color variation with the viewing angle and
response time. The implementation of each algorithm does not require
special hardware additions or changes of the graphic system. The
solutions are general and can be applied to any LCD panel as needed.
VHF4 - 2:
9:30
Invited Comparison of Three Different Color

Sequential Display Techniques
E. H. A. Langendijk
This paper discusses the pros and cons of three different field
sequential displays: 1) a display with no color filters using three color
fields (generated with a red, green, and blue LED), 2) a display with
three color filters, using two color fields (generated with two different
types of fluorescent lamps with different spectra), and 3) a display with
two color filters using two color fields (generated with a green + blue
LED and a green + red LED).
VHF4 - 3
10:00
Color Reproduction Method to Reduce Color

Difference Caused by Device Drift, Imperfect
Additivity and Color Tracking
M. Takaya, T. Wakebe, Y. Shimodaira
A highly accurate color reproduction method is proposed for displays. In

order to reduce color difference caused by the color-tracking
phenomenon, device drift and imperfect additivity, a color conversion
method previously proposed by two of the authors, exponential
regression and linear multiple regression are adopted and the methods
are optimally combined. Applying the method to a set of 100 colors
resulted in 2 times color difference improvement compared with that of
the current standard method, the Shaper/Matrix model.
----- Break -----
10:40 - 12:25
VHF5: Image Quality & Ergonomics

Chair
Co-Chair
172
G. Marcu, Apple Computer, USA

N. Hiruma, NHK, Japan
2005.11.02 18.23.15
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Thursday
VHF5 - 1:
10:40
December 8
Invited From Image Fidelity to Subjective Quality: A
Hybrid Qualitative/Quantitative Methodology for
Measuring Subjective Image Quality for Different
Image Contents
G. Nyman, J. Radun, T. Leisti, T. Vuori*
Univ. of Helsinki, Finland
*Nokia, Finland
A hybrid, qualitative/quantitative measurement approach was developed

for evaluating subjective image quality of high quality, sharpness
manipulated images. The images were produced by MTF simulations
and reproduced photographically. Naive observers were used as
subjects. The approach has been applied in several contexts, but here
we demonstrate a case of subjective sharpness evaluation. The method
offers useful feedback to technical designers of imaging systems. It also
suggests ways to develop standardized test material for different image
quality evaluation contexts.
VHF5 - 2
11:10
The Just Noticeable Difference in Color Saturation,

Black Level, White Level and Contour Rendering in
Natural Images
J. Xia, S. L. Qin, L. Liu, I. Heynderickx*, H. C. Yin
*Philips Res. Labs., The Netherlands
To determine the relative importance of colorfulness, brightness,

contrast and sharpness on perceived image quality, we needed the just
noticeable difference in chromaticity, black level, white level and contour
rendering. Therefore, we performed a subjective experiment to measure
these just noticeable differences with natural image content instead of
with homogeneously colored patches. The results indicate that when
using natural image content the just noticeable differences are
considerably higher than what is reported in literature for
homogeneously colored patches.
VHF5 - 3
11:30
Simulator Sickness Symptoms in Virtual Display

Gaming
J. Haekkinen*,**, J. Takatalo**, J. Komulainen**,
H. Saerkelae**, J. Havukumpu***, G. Nyman**
*Nokia Res. Ctr., Finland
**Univ. of Helsinki, Finland
***Helsinki Polytechnic Stadia, Finland
We compared the simulator sickness symptoms induced by two car

racing games in Olympus head-worn virtual display and in ordinary
tabletop display. The results show that a game with fast movements and
strong optical flow induced worse symptoms than a static game without
fast movements or optical flow. There were no differences in symptoms
between the virtual display and the tabletop display. We can conclude
that the sickness was mostly caused by the optical flow shown in a
large visual field either in the virtual or in the tabletop display.
173
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Thursday
VHF5 - 4
11:50
December 8
Psychophysiological Effects of Monocular Head
Mount Display
S. Kishi, T. Yamazoe, T. Shibata, T. Kawai
Waseda Univ., Japan
In this study, the authors examined the psycho-physiological effects

related to asthenopia and caused by viewing image contents using a
monocular head mount display(HMD). In the psychological responses,
although a significant increase in asthenopic subjective symptoms was
found after 30 minutes viewing, recovery to near pre-viewing conditions
was possible by taking 15 minutes rest. On the other hand, in terms of
physiological responses, few changes of the refraction of the eye after
viewing were found.
VHF5 - 5L
12:10
Correlation between Objective and Subjective

Evaluations of Sensation of Presence for Designing
Future Television System
M. Sugawara, M. Emoto, K. Masaoka, Y. Nojiri
NHK, Japan
This paper describes experiments on evaluating the sensation of

presence conducted to obtain a guide in developing a future television.
Subjective and objective evaluations were performed under the same
conditions. For the objective measurements, body sway was used as an
index for human equilibrium stability. A seven-grade categorical method
was used for the subjective evaluation. The correlation coefficient
between these results was 0.13.
Author Interviews
17:30 - 18:30
15:00 - 17:00
Citizens Gallery
Poster VHFp: Human Factors and Image Quality

VHFp - 1
Measurement Method of the Vision of the Elder

Driver in Driving Situation
T. Hagi, Y. Takagi, A. Yasui, T. Nakano, S. Yamamoto
Meijo Univ., Japan
Aging goes on rapidly in Japan and traffic accidents of elderly driver are
increasing. A main cause of the accidents is that most elderly drivers
are not aware of the reduction in their visual functions. The purpose of
this research is to develop the system that measures the elderly visual
perceptions necessary for safe driving and improves their perceptions by
education and training. This paper describes how to measure main
visual perceptions; visual field, dynamic visual acuity and depth
perception.
174
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Thursday
VHFp - 2
December 8
Ambient Illumination Influences on Legibility of
Electronic Paper
S.-C. Jeng, Y.-R. Lin, C.-C. Liao, C.-H. Wen, C.-Y. Chao*,
K.-K. Shieh*
*Nat. Taiwan Univ. of Sci. & Tech., Taiwan
Influences of ambient illuminance and light source on legibility of

electronic paper, electrophoretic display and cholesteric liquid crystal
display, have been studied and compared with conventional office paper.
Legibility was evaluated by using the method of letter-search task and
subjective visual comfort rating. The results show that legibility depends
on the illumination level but light source. Paper has the highest visual
comfort rating than the other two displays although they have similar
performance in the letter-search task.
VHFp - 3
Relation between Just Noticeable Difference(JND)

Contrast ofmurain LCDs and Its Background
Luminance.
T. Tamura, K. Tanaka, T. Satoh, T. Furuhata
Tokyo Polytechnic Univ., Japan
The relation between just noticeable difference (JND) contrast of the

luminance non-uniformity, or mura, of liquid crystal displays and its
background luminance was investigated. We have carried out two
experiments in order to estimate the change of JND contrast on various
background luminance levels. In this paper, we analyze the relation
between JND contrast and its background luminance based on the
results of the experiments. And then, we propose a formula which
express the JND contrast on various background luminance levels.
VHFp - 4
The Dithering Algorithms for Stitching Exposure in

TFT-LCD Panels
G. F. Wei, F. Liu, M. S. Lai, A. Wang
Stitching mura is always a concern while using stitching exposure to

produce large-size TFT-LCD panels. The study here shows that using
different algorithms can make some improvement to the stitching mura.
If dithering codes can be examined and slightly modified, it can be also
ensured that there are no unexpected periodic patterns but better
dithering effects in stitching areas. However, the more efficient and direct
way to blur stitching areas is to enlarge overlap widths of adjacent
exposure shots.
175
2005.11.02 18.23.15
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Thursday
VHFp - 5
December 8
Magnification Method for Displayed Image Based on
Gradient Direction and Strength by Pixel
K. Muto, F. Saitoh
Gifu Univ., Japan
The magnification of an image is important and general purposed

method for image processing. The typical conventional methods for
image magnification are the nearest neighbor, the bi-liner interpolation
and the cubic convolution. These methods often generate a blurred and
unclear magnified image because spatial features included in an image
are not used. This paper proposes a new magnification method by using
the gradient direction and the gradient strength by pixel in an objective
image. The experimental results show that the clear magnified images
were generated by the proposed method in comparison with by the
conventional methods.
VHFp - 6
Displayed Image Generation with Higher Contrast

from Scene Image by Optimizing Combination of
Frames
Y. Kuze, F. Saitoh
Gifu Univ., Japan
This paper proposes a method to generate a single fixed displayed

image including an area of interest with good contrast from a scene
image including a moving object in very poor contrast. To obtain an
output image with good quality, only useful frames are selected in an
objective scene image and the selected frames are accumulated after
two-dimensional alignment.
VHFp - 7
A Novel Method for Image Contrast Enhancement:

Fuzzy Contrast Correction (FCC) Based on Timing
Controller
T.-C. Hsu, C.-F. Su, M.-S. Wu
This paper presents a new method for image contrast enhancement that
uses fuzzy theory to decide suitable enhance function. This real-time
timing controller-based method can improve the defect correction over
conventional methods, and also get more colorful TFT-LCD images for
better human vision.
VHFp - 8
Integration Methods of Color Coordinate Calculation

for Ray Tracing Application
C. R. Ou**,*, C. H. Chen*
*LEXM Res., Taiwan
The calculation of the CIE coordinate requires the integrate operation for
the entire visible wavelengths, but most optical software will limit the
number of wavelengths for proceed the ray tracing. This short
communication will discusses how the integration methods and related
parameters affect the calculated CIE coordinates.
176
2005.11.02 18.23.15
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Thursday
December 8
VHFp - 9
3-D Interpretation of Single Line Drawings in

Perspective Projection
J. Kawashima, K. Shoji, F. Toyama, J. Miyamichi
Utsunomiya Univ., Japan
The human visual system can interpret 2-D line drawings as 3-D wire
frames. Previously, we proposed a principle to minimize the entropy of
angle distribution between line segments in a 3-D wire frame as a
concrete definition of the law of Pragnanz in Gestalt psychology for 3-D
interpretation of line drawings. And we implemented the principle as a
simulation model using a genetic algorithm. In this work, we expand the
type of projection assumed in the model into perspective one.
VHFp - 10L
Age-Related Changes of Relative Luminance and

Contrast for LED Lights of Different Colors
H. Isono, Y. Takiguchi, C. Yamada
Nippon Inst. of Tech., Japan
Human sensitivity to color deteriorates as people grow older, becoming

less perceptive to certain colors, especially blue. This paper studied
people of various ages from teenagers to those in their 70s to find how
age affects relative luminance and contrast for LED lights of different
colors. The results showed that calculated relative luminance and
contrast by age begins to fall for LED lights, especially for blue.
IDRC
Sept. 18 21, 2006
OH, U.S.A.
Outstanding
Poster Paper Awards
Friday, December 9
12:20 13:30
Tamamo (3F),
177
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MICROLINE
Thursday
December 8
Workshop on
Projection and Large-Area Displays,
and Their Components
15:00 - 17:00
Citizens Gallery
Poster LADp: Projection Display Technologies

LADp - 1
Pixel-Based Optical Feedback to Correct Aging and

Non-Uniformities in Large-Area Displays
S. Maeyaert, J. Doutreloigne, A. Van Calster
Ghent Univ., Belgium
An optical feedback mechanism is proposed to correct non-uniformities

and to extend the lifetime of LADs. Therefore a new addressing method
consisting of pixel per pixel addressing is described. The basic
functioning and different architectures of the optical feedback loop are
presented as well as different silicon photodetectors that were designed
in AMIS I2T technology.
LADp - 2
The Control Method of Rear-Projection TV

C.-H. Huang, W.-C. Tai, M. Liu, C.-N. Mo, S.-T. Yang
A rear-project TV which use a high intensity discharge lamp in a

projection system such as LCOS, DLP etc, A new procedure of rearproject TV control method has been used and approved, according to
user turn on or off power command. Users power on or off command
will be response immediately during the simulated on or off state. This
method and algorithm can be implied by using software program or IC
chip design.
LADp - 3
The Study of One-Drop-Filling Process on LCOS

Panel Manufacturing
J. M. Wang, Y. C. Lo, S. F. Liu, L. C. Huang, K. H. Chen,
K. H. Liu, H. A. Li, S. Oliver, S. T. Yang
One-Drop-Filling (ODF) process is an advanced vacuum filling process

in LCOS manufacture line. The merits not only increase the throughput
of liquid crystal filling process but also reduce the number of
equipments. Studying application of ODF process in LCOS panel
manufacturing is the purpose of is this article. The accuracy of liquid
crystal drop size, the stability of seal dispensing and the nozzle size etc.
In the tiny panel manufacture are more important than those factors in
normal panel manufacture.
178
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Thu./Fri.
LADp - 4
December 8/9
VAN LCOS Panel in 65-inch/1080p High Definition
RPTV
C. J. Lin, C. H. Huang, C. L. Liu, C. N. Mo
CPT has developed a VAN mode LCOS microdisplays, which inherits

the advantages of conventional drive the VAN mode LCOS such as
contrast ratio than 3000:1, high resolution, high efficiency and high
reliability. The VAN mode LCOS microdisplays offers substantial increase
in system contrast and excellent quality picture has been achieved.
LADp - 5
A Study of Stability for LCOS Optical Engine

Y. Kuo, Y. Chen, S. Wu, C. Mo
CPT has developed a Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCOS) optical engine

with the color management system, which has the high performance in
image quality. In this article we have done some long-time measurement
of optical qualities to test the stability of this LCOS optical engine. The
result shows that the optical engine maintains good stability during the
test.
LADp - 6
An Instrument Design for Measuring the Chromatic

Focal Shift to Optimize the Image Quality of LCOS
RPTV System
W.-C. Lin, W.-C. Tai, S.-M. Wu, C.-N. Mo, S.-D. Shei*
*Univ. of Chung-Yung, Taiwan
When the different wavelength of light passing through the projection

lens, it will cause the Chromatic Focal shift. The phenomenon will
reduce the quality of LCOS RPTV system. In this paper, an instrument
was designed for measuring this phenomenon, it provides the sufficient
data for us to correct the BFL (Back Focal Length) when alignment the
position of panel, and then optimizing the image quality in LCOS RPTV,
which is critical in color focusing for its high resolution.
Friday, December 9
9:00 - 10:15
LAD1: Market and Trend

Chair
Co-Chair
K. M. Guttag, Syndiant, USA

Z. Tajima, Hitachi Displays, Japan
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Friday
LAD1 - 1:
9:00
December 9
Invited Changing Projection TV and Large Display
Market
M. Takaso
Techno Syss. Res., Japan
The environment of the projection TV market has changed considerably

from what it was only a few years ago. This paper shows how the
competitors, prices and front projector market have changed in recent
years. The analysis of the next steps to be taken in the industry is
presented in such a way as to expand the scope of the projection TV
business further, and to include new approaches that differ substantially
from the con-ventional methods of selling large-screen TVs.
LAD1 - 2:
9:25
Invited Advancements in DLP Technology: The New

10.8m Pixel and Beyond
J. Grimmett, J. Huffman
Texas Instrs., USA
The competitive display market has driven demanding requirements on

cost and performance to the panel manufacturers. Texas Instruments,
Inc. DLP Technology has positioned the design and process of the
Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) to enable higher performance and
resolution at reduced cost. The key attribute to the design and process
advancements is pixel pitch scaling. This presentation will detail this
attribute and other advancements that are driving the direction for the
future DLP microdisplay.
LAD1 - 3:
9:50
Invited
New Technological Trend in HTPS TFT LCD
S. Koike
Seiko Epson, Japan
The MD PTV market has continued to grow. We have achieved high

performance HTPS TFT LCD for the consumer market by developing
new driving technology and new formation technology of the alignment
layer. This time, we are introducing brand-new technology of HTPS TFT
LCD that continue to evolve and achieve high performance from an
image quality and cost competitiveness standpoint.
----- Break -----
10:40 - 12:25
LAD2: Optics and Imaging

Chair
Co-Chair
180
A. Conner, 3MPO, USA

H. Nakano, Barco Japan, Japan
2005.11.02 18.23.52
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MICROLINE
Friday
LAD2 - 1:
10:40
December 9
Invited Wide-Angle Projection Optics for Thin Rear
Projectors
M. Kuwata, T. Sasagawa, K. Kojima, J. Aizawa, A. Miyata,
S. Shikama
One of the most significant problems in rear projector technology is how

to reduce equipment depth. Thanks to studies on wide-angle projection
optics that shortens the rear projector depth, the projection angle has
steadily increased. We report on the recent progress of wide-angle
projection optics for rear projectors and examples of systems we have
developed.
LAD2 - 2
11:05
Highly-Reliable, Precise and Uniform Optical Trim

Retarders Based on All-Dielectric Nano-Gratings for
LCOS Projection Systems
J. Wang, P. Sciortino, F. Liu, R. Varghese, A. Nikolov,
X. Deng, J. Bacon
NanoOpto, USA
Based on all-dielectric nano-gratings, we developed optical trim

retarders which are highly reliable, precise and uniform with a size up to
100 mm in diameter. Various retardance values from ~ 4nm to ~ 20 nm
for R, G, and B bands were realized with a standard deviation of < 5%
across a 100 mm diameter size. Those trim retarders are highly reliable
with extremely low thermal dispersion. LCOS projectors based on the
trim retarders have achieved > 4000:1 contrast.
LAD2 - 3
11:25
A New LCD Projection System Using a Scrolling

Prism for the Moving Picture
H. Kojima, Y. Itoh, K. Hiramatsu, O. Wada
Seiko Epson, Japan
A new LCD projection system has been developed with improved

moving picture quality. The system uses a scrolling prism that scans an
illumination light on the LCD panel. As a result, the hold-type display
becomes an imitative impulse-type display and the system is able to
reduce motion blur in hold-type displays such as LCD panels.
LAD2 - 4
11:45
Evaluation of Super Fine-Pitch Screen for Rear

Projection TV
Y. Igarashi, S. Iwata, A. Kagotani, S. Takahashi, T. Abe
Recently, the demand on large-size display has increased and an

advanced screen for application on LCD/LCOS/DMD Rear Projection TV
has been developed. We achieved a lenticular lens of 64m pitch to
correspond to such TV. In this paper, we report the results that we
measured the optical properties and image reproducibility of 64m
lenticular lens screen.
181
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Friday
December 9
LAD2 - 5
12:05
Estimation of LCOS Rear Projection TV Throughput

Y. Chen, S. Wu, C. Mo
The design of illumination system of integrator is important for DLP or

LCoS projectors, because this effects engine throughput which is
directly expressed on screen luminance. In this paper, we summary
some issues about projection efficacy between single, triple panel LCOS
and DLP systems and predicted to have an accuracy of +/-10% with
new developed optical engine. The designed and constructed system
with >400 lumen under 120W lamps has the potential for consumer
market.
----- Lunch -----
14:00 - 15:25
LAD3: Light Source and Illumination

Chair
Co-Chair
LAD3 - 1:
14:00
S. Dewald, Texas Instruments, USA

K. Ohara, Texas Instruments Japan, Japan
Invited System Performance Considerations in Using
LEDs as the Illumination Source for Microdisplay
Rear Projection TV
R. Auerbach, S. Magarill, A. Conner, T. Rutherford,
E. English
3M Precision Optics, USA
LED illumination for microdisplay television is close to commercialization. Brightness of green LEDs is the major challenge today. Achieving
the brightest TV requires careful system design as well as optimization
of the illuminator. The brightest systems use liquid crystal on silicon
(LCOS) imaging devices. This paper discusses some of the design
criteria and practical considerations.
LAD3 - 2
14:25
LEXM QUBE: An LED Based MINI Projector for

Portable Device
R. Tzeng*, C. H. Chen*, R. Her*, C. R. Ou*,**
*LEXM Res., Taiwan
In this article, we propose a mini projector system with LCOS panel

called LEXM QUBE. The size of this optical engine for this system is the
smallest among the present systems with fewer LED light source.
Several comments to other technologies will be discussed.
182
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Friday
December 9
LAD3 - 3
14:45
LED Based Cable-Less Projector with High

Efficiency Collimation Optics
M. Maeda, Y. Kurosaka, T. Miwa, T. Ikeda, H. Kanayama,
H. Murata
Sanyo Elec., Japan
By using a new collimator comprised of four aspherical surfaces and

controlling the luminous flux from a LED, we have developed a LEDbased compact projector with a high efficiency illumination system. The
LED as a light source enables a projector downsizing and batterydriving. In addition, using a SD-card as an image source, a cable-less
handy projector has been realized. In this paper, we describe our
concept of new illumination system and the characteristics of the
prototype projector.
LAD3 - 4
15:05
Illumination System Suitable for Small Imaging

Panels for Low Cost Projection Display Applications
K. Li, S. Inatsugu, A. Kazmierski*
Wavien, USA
*Phoenix Elec., Japan
The Waviens Dual Paraboloid Reflector (DPR) system utilizes the 1:1
imaging scheme to preserve the brightness of the arc. The resulting
system is characterized by high coupling efficiency and consistency
within a wide range of arc gaps. This allows the use of high wattage;
long arc gap lamps to be used while maintaining the long lifetime
required in rear projection television applications. The concept of system
lifetime versus lamp lifetime will be presented in which the system
lifetime using DPR is much longer than the system lifetime using
traditional reflectors using the same lamp.
----- Break -----
15:40 - 17:05
LAD4: Light Valve

Chair
Co-Chair
LAD4 - 1:
15:40
K. Li, Wavien, USA

T. Hayashi, Sumitomo 3M, Japan
Invited
VAN Cell Technology of Digital D-ILA
S. Shimizu, Y. Ochi, A. Nakano, S. Nakagaki

Victor, Japan
VAN mode is becoming widely used in LCOS projection systems. The

digital driving of VAN cell has a new type of disclination effect, which
does not appear in analog driving. We have successfully suppressed it
using our technologies and have developed a fully digital 1080p device.
Well also present the features of the RPTV using this device.
183
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Friday
LAD4 - 2
16:05
December 9
A 1080p Digital LCOS Microdisplay Supporting
Greater Than 12-bits per Color
K. Guttag, J. Lund, C. Waller, M. Harward
Syndiant, USA
We have built an all digital LCOS microdisplay and drive board that
supports greater than 12-bits per color using Pulse Width Modulation
(PWM). The device has 1920 by 1080 mirrors (1080P) with an 8.1
micron mirror pitch resulting in a 0.7inch display diagonal. A number of
device design and system features make it very cost effective for
consumer front and rear projection applications and scalable for both
higher resolution and smaller display sizes.
LAD4 - 3
16:25
Vcom Drift Phenomena in VAN LCOS Panels

D. Cuypers, A. Van Calster*, H. De Smet*
IMEC vzw, Belgium
*Ghent Univ., Belgium
Flicker is an important artefact in liquid crystal displays. From our

measurements on VAN LCOS devices, the so-called Vcom voltage
appears to be the main contributor to this flicker. Measurement data on
the nature and time behaviour of this Vcom will be presented. An early
attempt for an explanation of the evolution of the Vcom voltage is also
given. This data can be useful for under-standing and eliminating flicker
in displays.
LAD4 - 4
16:45
New Driving Method for Next Generation HTPS TFT

Light Valve
H. Hosaka, H. Iisaka, T. Takeuchi, H. Kawata, K. Ishii
Seiko Epson, Japan
We developed a new driving method called Alternate Frame Scan

(AFS) for the fine pitch High Temperature Poly-Silicon (HTPS) TFT
Light Valve. AFS is essentially disclination-free driving method and
enables the next-generation light valve structure that is smaller on the
diagonal and offer higher resolution and a higher contrast ratio than
their predecessors.
Author Interviews
17:10 - 18:10
Society, IEICE
Opto-electronic Materials and Devices Study Specialty Section, IEIJ
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Tuesday
December 6
Workshop on Electronic Paper

Tuesday, December 6
13:30 - 14:35
EP1: Electronic Paper (1)

Chair
Co-Chair
EP1 - 1:
13:30
M. Omodani, Tokai Univ., Japan

H. Arisawa, Fuji Xerox, Japan
Invited Novel Type of Bistable Reflective Display
QR-LPD Using Electronic Powder
Y. Masuda, S. Ryo, N. Nihei, R. Hattori*
Bridgestone, Japan
*Kyusyu Univ., Japan
We have developed a novel reflective display using electric powder. It

has a paper-like appearance and good image stability. In addition, QRLPD is suited for flexible display applications since it does not require
either a high temperature or complicated manufacturing process. QRLPD can maintain an excellent paper-like image. In this paper, an IC
card display is proposed as one of the possible applications for flexible
QR-LPD, as a so-called electronic paper application.
EP1 - 2
13:55
Development of One-Particle EPD System

Containing Non-Electrophoretic White Particle
Dispersion
Y. Naijo, T. Kitamura
Chiba Univ., Japan
We developed one-particle electrophoretic display (EPD) system

containing electrophoretic black and non-electrophoretic white particles.
Electrophoresis of these particles was observed using parallel type
electrodes cell. The black and white particles exhibit electrophoretic and
non-electrophoretic phenomenon, respectively. EPD device using
dispersion of these particles performed high contrast ratio. It seems that
no flocculation occurred between white and black particles.
EP1 - 3
14:15
Fabrication of Bichromal Microbeads for Rotating

Ball Display Using a Droplet Formation by
Microchannel Technique
T. Torii, T. Nisisako, T. Takahashi*, Y. Takizawa*, T. Higuchi
*Soken Chem. & Eng., Japan
This paper describes the fabrication of bichromal beads for rotating ball
display using a droplet formation technique. The beads were
hemispherically black and white beads. Two phase flow of black and
white monomer was produced in a microchannel, and the
hemispherically black and white droplets were produced using sheath
flow method. The droplets were monodispered with CV of 5%. After
polymerization, the beads showed good rotating performance.
185
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Tuesday
December 6
----- Break -----
15:10 - 16:30

Chair
Co-Chair
EP2 - 1:
15:10
A. Suzuki, Ricoh, Japan

S. Maeda, Oji Paper, Japan
Invited Flexible Active-Matrix Electrophoretic
Displays for Electronic Paper Applications
H. Kawai, M. Miyasaka, A. Miyazaki, S. Nebashi,
T. Shimoda
Seiko Epson, Japan
In the paper, we review our work on flexible active-matrix electrophoretic

displays (AM-EPDs) aiming for electronic paper applications. SUFTLA, a
technology of transferring LTPS-TFTs from an original substrate onto
another, and a microencapsulated electrophoretic imaging material have
been successfully developed and integrated to realize flexible AM-EPD
panels. A film-based 2-inch QVGA AM-EPD panel with integrated
peripheral drivers is reported as an example of results of the work.
EP2 - 2
15:35
Effect of Carbon Black on the Optical Properties of

Pigment Dispersion for the Electrophoretic Display
K. Takeshita, A. Esaki, Y. Sekine*, H. Akimoto*
Mitsubishi Chem. Group Sci. & Tech. Res. Ctr., Japan
*Mitsubishi Chem., Japan
Carbon black can considerably influence the optical properties of the

electrophoretic displays, although the amount of carbon black in it is
small. The oxidation treatment for carbon black was effective to improve
the contrast ratio. The dispersant for carbon black also affected the
contrast ratio. Therefore, the appropriate selection of carbon black and
dispersant for it is important in order to improve the optical properties of
the electrophoretic displays.
EP2 - 3
15:55
Conductance of Charging Agent in Electrophoretic

Displays
A. R. M. Verschueren, F. Strubbe*, L. J. M. Schlangen,
K. Neyts*
*Ghent Univ., Belgium
A novel approach -based on electrical transient currents- is used to

characterise the conductance process of a charging agent. Charging
agents provide the charge on pig-ments used in electrophoretic
displays, but also introduce ions in the solution. This is in-vestigated by
accurate transient current measurements in micro-cells. Satisfactory
quantitative agreement is achieved with a continuum model of migration
and diffusion. And, physical values for concentration, charge and
mobility of the ions are obtained.
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Tuesday
EP2 - 4L
16:15
December 6
Flexible Active-Matrix TFT Array with Amorphous
Oxide Semiconductors for Electronic Paper
M. Ito, M. Kon, M. Ishizaki, N. Sekine
We demonstrate, for the first time, a flexible, active-matrix, electronic

paper display driven with amorphous oxide semiconductors. A
transparent and flexible backplane is deposited by standard sputtering
technique at room temperature using amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O as an
active channel, which is fully compatible with plastic substrate and large
scale manufacturing. The combination of electrophoretic front panel and
amorphous oxide backplanes creates new future for flexible electronic
paper.
----- Break -----
16:50 - 17:45

Chair
Co-Chair
T. Kitamura, Chiba Univ., Japan

T. Fujisawa, Dainippon Ink & Chem., Japan
EP3 - 1
16:50
Difference of Performances of Proofing Tasks

between on Papers and Displays: A Study for
Electronic Paper
M. Omodani, E. Izawa
Tokai Univ., Japan
Paper is generally preferred over displays when we must perform

proofing tasks. This is because we believe that we cannot successfully
find all mistakes when using a display. This study aims to confirm the
differences in performance when performing proofing tasks on paper
and on a display. Analysis that identifies the reason for the difference is
the final target of this study. Experimental proofing tasks on a display
showed worse error discovery rates and shorter time taken than on
paper. This result indicates that displays encourage us to hurry up and
complete the task even thought it remains unfinished.
EP3 - 2
17:10
Rewritable Paper Using Leuco Dyes: Coloring/

Decoloring Effects of Long-Chain Alkyl Group
S. Yamamoto, H. Furuya, K. Tsutsui, Y. Bando*,
T. Sadoshima*, S. Ueno*, K. Sato*
Ricoh, Japan
*Hiroshima Univ., Japan
Rewritable printing system is composed of leuco dye molecules and

acidic developer molecules with long-chain alkyl groups, which exhibits
reversible colored/decolored states by varying the heat conditions. In this
paper, we discuss the structural effects of long-chain alkyl group. We
found that controlling the physical properties of the long-chain alkyl
group of the developer is the key to achieving both thermal stability of
the colored state and rapid erasability.
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Tue./Wed.
EP3 - 3L
17:30
December 6/7
Hollow Fibers Containing Various Display Elements A Novel Structure for Electronic PaperM. Nakata, M. Sato, Y. Matsuo, S. Maeda, S. Hayashi
Oji Paper, Japan
This paper describes a novel structure for electronic paper displays

using hollow fibers, which are comprised of an outer transparent
polymer tube and inner display elements (rotating balls, electrophoretic
dispersion fluid, or cholesteric liquid crystals). The fibers are prepared by
a conventional melt spinning method and then woven into fabric sheets.
The resulting fabric of hollow fibers is a promising candidate for
electronic paper displays, which have flexibility and paper-like visibility
due to the woven structure.
Author Interviews
18:20 - 19:20
9:00 - 10:25
EP4/AMD4: Active Matrix Electronic Paper

Chair
Co-Chair
T. Asano, Kyushu Inst. of Tech., Japan

H. Kawai, Seiko Epson, Japan
EP4/AMD4 - 1: Invited Rollable Active-Matrix Electronic-Paper

9:00
Displays
H. E. A. Huitema, G. H. Gelinck, E. van Veenendaal,
P. J. G. van Lieshout, F. J. Touwslager
Philips Tech. Incubator, The Netherlands
A 100m thick QVGA active-matrix display integrated into a functional
device prototype is presented. The active-matrix is composed of
alternating layers of organic materials and gold. A 6-mask
photolithographic process is used. An electrophoretic electronic imaging
film is laminated on top of the active matrix. The display is bendable to a
radius of 7.5mm for more than 30,000 times.
188
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Wednesday
December 7
EP4/AMD4 - 2: Invited Rapid Switching in Multiple Color Active

9:25
Matrix Driven Electrowetting Displays
B. J. Feenstra, R. A. Hayes, R. van Dijk, R. G. Boom,
M. M. H. Wagemans, I. G. J. Camps, A. Giraldo,
B. van der Heijden
We present the attractive properties of our active matrix driven
electrowetting displays. For the first time, we show all ingredients
required for realizing video-speed, full-color displays. Two color
architectures are presented: a single-layer display that has an improved
optical and power performance at a lower projected cost compared to
LCDs and a triple-layer display that has a revolutionary optical
performance. We demonstrate the fast switching of the electrowetting
technology by showing video content on a 170 ppi resolution display.
EP4/AMD4 - 3
9:50
Manufacturing Flexible High Information Content

S. E. Burns, K. Reynolds, W. Reeves, I. P. Johnson,
B. H. Pui, M. Banach, T. Brown, K. Chalmers, N. Cousins,
P. Cain, M. Etchells, C. Hayton, K. Jacobs, S. Markham,
S. Orchard, A. Menon, P. Too, S. Siddique, C. Ramsdale,
J. Herod, K. Saynor, J. Watts, T. von Werne, J. Mills,
C. J. Curling, H. Sirringhaus, K. Amundson*,
M. D. McCreary*
Plastic Logic, UK
*E Ink, USA
We present a manufacturing process for flexible high information content

active matrix backplanes compatible with low cost plastic substrates.
Transistor performance, feature sizes and electrode conductivities of this
process have been specified to enable 800x600 pixel displays at 100
pixels per inch (PPI), driving grey scale electrophoretic media. Here we
report on early results showing this displays operation. This process has
been developed on a 350mmx350mm Prototype Line. It is scalable to
larger display sizes and higher PPI, and will enable a wide range of
flexible display products.
EP4/AMD4 - 4L 100-m-Thick, High-Resolution Rollable AM-EPD
10:10
T. Kodaira, S. Hirabayashi, Y. Komatsu, S. Utsunomiya,
M. Miyasaka, H. Kawai, S. Nebashi, S. Inoue, T. Shimoda,
T. Whitesides*, S. Patry*, M. McCreary*
Seiko Epson, Japan
*E Ink, USA
We have developed a paper-thin 100-m-thick, high-resolution (192 ppi,)
2.1-inch QVGA flexible active-matrix electrophoretic display (AM-EPD).
The TFT backplane with integrated peripheral driver circuits was first
fabricated on a glass substrate and then transferred to a very thin (30m) plastic film by employing Surface Free Technology by Laser
Ablation / Annealing (SUFTLA). An imaging sheet provided by E Ink
Corporation was laminated on the backplane. Fine images were
successfully displayed on the rollable AM-EPD.
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Wednesday
December 7
----- Break -----
10:40 - 12:00
EP5/LCT5: Flexible LCD

Chair
Co-Chair
T. Nose, Akita Pref. Univ., Japan

Y. Toko, Stanley Elec., Japan
EP5/LCT5 - 1
10:40
Flexible Field-Sequential-Color FLC Displays Using a

Bendable Backlight Sheet with LED Chips
H. Fujikake, H. Sato, T. Murashige, Y. Fujisaki, H. Kikuchi,
T. Kurita
NHK, Japan
We have developed a flexible full color moving-image display using a

plastic-substrate-based monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC)
panel and a bendable backlight sheet with thin small LED chips. The
fabricated A4-sized FLC matrix panel with 96 x 64 image pixels was
laminated with the three-primary-color backlight sheet and optical
diffuser and spacer films, and was driven by an active matrix technique
using external switch transistor array based on a field-sequential-color
method.
EP5/LCT5 - 2
11:00
Improvement of Dichroic Polymer Dispersed Liquid

Crystal (PDLC) Performance for Flexible Display
Using Lift-Off Technique
A. Masutani, T. Roberts, B. Schuller, A. Sakaigawa*,
A. Yasuda
Sony Deutschland GmbH, Germany
*Sony, Japan
The performance of dichroic sponge polymer dispersed liquid crystals

(SPDLC) display can be improved further by incorporating a lift-off
method using a substrate covered with a fluori-nated-organosilane. The
resulting cells achieve improved contrast, improved response time,
smaller switching voltages and better uniformity, compared with the
previously reported dichroic SPDLCs. The display exhibits near magazine-standard reflectivity and contrast ratio. Fur-thermore, the lift-off
method enables rubbing-free, low temperature, roll-to-roll processing
techniques. Such displays are suitable for flexible sol-vent-sensitive,
organic thin-film transistors (TFTs).
EP5/LCT5 - 3
11:20
Inkjet Printed Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Display

J. M. Ding, Y. A. Sha, L. P. Hsin, H. L. Wang, C. C. Liao,
Y. R. Lin, C. C. Lu, C. H. Chen, I. C. Chen
The inkjet printing technology has been used to manufacture flexible

cholesteric liquid crystal displays. The displays are fabricated from top to
bottom by forming various functional layers on flexible substrates. Stable
cholesteric liquid crystal droplets are obtained and jetted to fill the pixel
areas by a piezoelectric drop-on-demand inkjet printer. Our technology
has provided a novel process to fabricate a flexible, bistable, and multicolor reflective display with single display medium layer.
190
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Wednesday
EP5/LCT5 - 4
11:40
December 7
Flexible Photoaligned Permanent Bistable TN-LCD
X. H. Li, F. S. Y. Yeung, V. G. Chigrinov, H. S. Kwok
Flexible Bistable Nematic Liquid Crystal Display (-BTN) based on

photo-alignment technology is developed on two 200m plastic
substrate. This display can be switched between and + twisted
states by means of breaking anchoring condition on one of the plastic
substrates. Low baking temperature of 100 is needed to avoid high
temperature distorting the substrates. The advantages of both
photoalignment and -BTN technologies, such as no contamination of
electrical charges and impurties, high contrast and bistability are shown.
Author Interviews
17:30 - 18:30
15:00 - 17:00
Exhibition Hall
Poster EPp: Electronic Paper

EPp - 1
A Power-Efficient Way to Operate High-Voltage

Bistable Display Drivers
A. Monte, J. Doutreloigne, A. Van Calster
Ghent Univ., Belgium
The analog and digital part of a power-efficient high-voltage bistable

display driver is presented. A new algorithm for the global reset and a
summary of the most interesting power-saving principles that will be
used to drive the displays, together with some theoretical results and a
short description of the high-voltage switches that will be used to
connect the voltages to the display, are given.
EPp - 2
New Dichroic Dyes for Guest-Host Liquid Crystal

Mode
T. Katoh, H. Okamura
New anthraquinone dichroic dyes were developed, which were suitable

for TFT guest-host liquid crystal display (GH-LCD). New developed dyes
consist of liquid crystalline parts, 4-alkylcyclohexyl-4-biphenyl, which
possess both the high order parameter and solubility for fluoro
substituted host liquid crystals.
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Wednesday
EPp - 3
December 7
A New Color Electronic Paper with Organic
Electrochromic Technology
Y. Goh, S. Sunohara, M. Nishimura*, N. Kobayashi*
Japan Chem. Innovation Inst., Japan
*Chiba Univ., Japan
We studied organic electrochromic materials, which showed vivid color

change to cyan, magenta or yellow upon electrochemical stimulation,
from a view point of a new class of color electronic paper. The
sandwich-type cell was constructed to evaluate the electrochromic
properties. Coloring and bleaching could be repeated without any decay
over 500 cycles. Further, flexible electrochromic cell with gel polymer
electrolyte has also been demonstrated.
EPp - 4
Color Toner Display Based on the Control of ColorParticle Movement

T. Yamamoto, D. Takahashi, S. Nakamura, T. Kitamura
Chiba Univ., Japan
We studied on the movement of three particles independently to display

color image in toner display. Two positively charged color particles with
different amount of charge to mass ratio and negatively charged white
particle were enclosed in the toner display cell. Cyan, yellow and white
images were displayed by an application of voltage of a saw wave
pattern.
EPp - 5
The Effect of Nano-Sized Silica on Charged Two

Particles for Reflective Paper-Like Display
S. G. Lee, S. H. Kwon, W. K. Cho, B. G. Ryu, M.-B. Song
LG Elect., Korea
We manufactured reflective paper-like display (PLD) using oppositecharged two particles. The particles were composed of polymer, colorant
(TiO2, carbon black) and external additives (nano-sized silica). Using
blade mixing method, the nano-sized silica was physically adsorbed on
surface of polymer particles. The surface morphology of polymer particle
was changed dramatically with changing silica content. In addition, the
coated silica affected the electrostatic property of charged polymer
particles.
EPp - 6
Optical Characteristics of EPD Utilizing

Electrophoretic Colored Particles
S. Sunohara, T. Kitamura*
*Chiba Univ., Japan
We have studied on electrophoretic colored particles for EPD

(Electrophoretic Display) and developed a noble method for synthesis of
these particles by complexing organic color pigment (cyan, yellow, and
magenta) with negatively charged functional polymer. The EPD using
these electrophoretic colored and TiO2 particles showed a high contrast
ratio. And we have investigated color EPD utilizing three particles, such
as electrophoretic colored, TiO2, and black particles. This color EPD
exhibited color, white, and black state by changing applied voltage
respectively.
192
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Wednesday
EPp - 7
December 7
Electrodeposition of Microcapsule Containing
Electrophoretic Pigments for Electrophoretic Display
A. Baba, S. Sunohara, T. Kitamura*
*Chiba Univ., Japan
We have recently developed the electrodeposition coating to form a

layer of microcapsules for electrophoretic display. The both of
microcapsule and aqueous urethane resin move and deposite to the
electrode in an electrodeposition process. The mono layer of closepacked gelatin microcapsules is formed directly on the electrode. The
coating of microcapsule in proportion to the electrode pattern is possible
utilizing an electrodeposition process.
EPp - 8L
Development of Ultrafine Titania Nanoparticle with

Uniform Crystallographic Orientation for Powder
Type Electronic Paper
M. J. Lee, S. J. Hong, W. K. Kim, J. I. Han
Synthetic conditions of titania nano particles as coating particles on

polymer core particles for dry powder type electronic paper were
investigated to improve uniformity of crystallographic orientation and
ultrafine particle size, which are important to attach charge component
uniformly on surface of ink powder. Particle size and uniformity of
crystallinity depended on concentration of source materials (C9H19NO4Ti)
in ethanol solvent, pH, and concentration of D.I. water. Finally, titania
particle with size of 10 nm and uniformly crystallized were acquired.
Supporting Organization:
Takamatsu Festival
Friday, December 9
12:20 13:30
Tamamo (3F),
193
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Thursday
December 8
Topical Session on
MEMS for Future Displays and
Related Electron Devices
9:00 - 9:10
Opening
Opening Remarks
9:00
M. Nakamoto, Topical Session Chair
9:10 - 10:45
MEMS1: Displays and Optical Devices (1)

Chair
Co-Chair
W. I. Milne, Univ. of Cambridge, UK

S. Sugiyama, Ritsumeikan Univ., Japan
MEMS1 - 1: Invited Three Dimensional Optics

9:10
G. Barbastathis, G. N. Nielson*, C. W. Wong**
MIT, USA
*Sandia Nat. Labs., USA
**Columbia Univ., USA
We have been investigating a class of 3D optical elements where a
base-band modulation of the index of refraction is imposed on a spatial
carrier. When the index modulation is weak, we refer to these elements
as volume holograms. The resulting controllable shift variance results
in depth selectivity which we have exploited for optical slicing. 3D optical
elements with high index contrast where the modulation is purely
periodic are referred to as photonic crystals. In this paper, we overview
the physics of 3D optics, emphasizing new means of controlling the
spatial and spectral response; then we describe in more...
MEMS1 - 2: Invited Silicon-Based Micro/Nanomechanics for
9:35
Nanoengineering
T. Ono
Tohoku Univ., Japan
This paper reports on recent development of micro instrumentations
based on advanced silicon technologies for nanoengineering and
nanoscience. Demonstration of some miniaturized and integrated micro/
nanomechanics, including four-terminal microprobes, optical bow-tie
probes, nanomechanical sensors, multiprobe for future high-density data
storage, and carbon nanotube mechanics and carbon nanotube electron
sources for electron emission devices, are presented.
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Thursday
December 8
MEMS1 - 3: Invited MEMS Technologies for Micro Optics - From

10:00
Fiber Optic Communication to Display H. Toshiyoshi*,**, H. Fujita*
**Kanagawa Ac. of Sci. & Tech., Japan
We report our recent research accomplishment in the field of optical
MEMS
( microelectromechanical
systems )
using
the
silicon
micromachining technologies for both commercial-level product and
laboratory-level research and development. Fiber optic VOA (variable
optical attenuator) has been commercially released through close
collaboration with industrial partner. Besides fiber optics, we also have
target in the consumer electronics such as image projection displays
using MEMS optical spatial light modulators. This paper also covers
MEMS color pixels that could be potentially used to develop flexible
electronic papers or posters.
MEMS1 - 4
10:25
Nanostructure for Fast Bend Transition in Liquid

Crystal -Cells Fabricated by Nanoimprint
Technology
H. Kikuchi, K. Machida, H. Sato, T. Murashige,
H. Fujikake, F. Sato
NHK, Japan
A novel geometric structure for achieving a fast and uniform splay-tobend transition in a liquid crystal (LC) -cell is proposed. In order to
obtain the fast and uniform bend transition, we formed a nanostructure
in -cell fabricated by applying room-temperature nanoimprint
lithography (NIL) process. This novel LC device has quick, stable
transition from splay-to-bend orientation under low-driving voltage. This
NIL process can be applicable to the fabrication of display panel to
achieve a uniform bend pixel distribution and a fast bend transition.
----- Break -----
11:00 - 13:00
MEMS2: Fundamental Mechanism and Materials

Chair
Co-Chair
G. Barbastathis, Massachusetts Inst. of Tech., USA

T. Ono, Tohoku Univ., Japan
195
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Thursday
December 8
MEMS2 - 1: Invited Normally Closed Microgrippers Based on

11:00
Diamond Like Carbon/Ni Bimorph and Diamond Like
Carbon/Metal/Polymer Trimorph Structures
W. I. Milne, J. K. Luo, R. Huang, J. H. He, Y. Q. Fu,
A. J. Flewitt, S. M. Spearing*, N. A. Fleck
Univ. of Cambridge, UK
*Univ. of Southampton, UK
Multi-finger, normally-closed microgrippers made from a bilayer of a
metal and diamond-like carbon (DLC) or a trilayer of a polymer, metal
and DLC have been analysed, simulated and fabricated. Temperatures
of ~700 K are necessary to open Ni/DLC bimorph structures.
Microgrippers made from an SU8/DLC bilayer or SU8/Al/DLC trilayer
have also been fabricated, and fully closed microcages with diameters
of ~40 m have been obtained. Using SU8 reduces the opening
temperature of these devices to only ~400 K.
MEMS2 - 2: Invited New Progress of Integration and Fusion in
11:25
MEMS
S. Sugiyama
Ritsumeikan Univ., Japan
MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems), the micro integrated
systems of sensors, actuators, and controlling circuits on a silicon chip
are widely anticipated in a number of future industrial applications.
MEMS function as the active devices processing a wide variety of
signals, including: physical (electrical, mechanical, optical, magnetic),
chemical, biological, etc. In this paper, the current situation and future
prospects about applications of multi-cellular integration, multi-axis
integration, mechanism integration, fusion of MEMS and IT, and MEMS
process technology are presented.
MEMS2 - 3
11:50
Ultrasmall In-Plane Wavelength Filter in TwoDimensional Hetero Photonic Crystals

H. Takano, B.-S. Song*, T. Asano*, S. Noda*
Matshushita Electric Works, Japan
*Kyoto Univ., Japan
Highly efficient channel drop operation of an ultra-small in-plane

wavelength filter in a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab is presented,
using a device consisting of two photonic crystal slabs with different
lattice constants. A drop operation with efficiency of more than 80% is
experimentally demonstrated, significantly higher that the limit of 25% for
conventional devices. It will contribute to various optical filtering and
switching applications.
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Thursday
MEMS2 - 4
12:10
December 8
Pressure Balanced Electrostatic Micro-Valve for
Miniaturized Pneumatic Systems
Y. Nishijima, H. Kawada, T. Ishida, H. Harada
Matsushita Elec. Works, Japan
A miniaturized electrostatic micro-valve with a novel pressure balanced

structure was proposed and fabricated for the demands of control
devices for miniaturized air actuators that can work in relatively high
pressure pneumatic applications. The fabricated micro-valves can be
arranged in array structure and have potential applications in smell
mixing device or pneumatic Braille-display. The micro-valve was
prepared using MEMS technology, which makes On/Off actuation
against the pressure of 0.7MPa and the volume flow rate of the valve
reached to 0.2L/min.
MEMS2 - 5L
12:30
White Color Flat Field Emission Lamps for High

Quality General Lighting
M. Nakamoto, H. Kominami, Y. Nakanishi, Y. Takigawa,
Y. Ohgi, H. Hiraki*, M. Haba*
*Dialight Japan, Japan
Extremely large luminous flux, uniform lumi-nance, and high luminous

efficacy white color flat field emission lamps (FELs) have been proposed
and developed by the insight of high quality general lighting, by the
usage of newly developed low acceleration voltage high luminance white
color phosphor and carbon nanowall (CNW) field emitters, to realize
high quality general lighting.
MEMS2 - 6L
12:40
Blackboard-Type Display Compatible with Large

Area MEMS
R. Shigematsu, A. Higo, H. Toshiyoshi, H. Fujita
We propose a new type of an electronic re-writable blackboard that

keeps the trace of finger-drawn strokes using the bitmap of scatting light
from segmental membrane. Images can be erased entirely or partially
by releasing voltage or pulling back the membrane with magnetic force,
respectively. Thanks to the simplicity of the device structure and
principle, the proposed display has scalability to an oversized board that
could be made by printing or embossing.
MEMS2 - 7L
12:50
A High Fill-factor Comb-driven XY-stage with

Topological Layer Switch Architecture
K. Takahashi*,**, M. Mita***, H. Fujita*, H. Toshiyoshi*,**
**Kagawa Ac. Of Sci & Tech., Japan
***Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency , Japan
We present a novel design of comb-driven double-gimbal XY-stage

actuators for a 2D optical micro lens scanner, which has been realized
for the first time by topologically separating the actuator elements in two
layers:all the electrical parts (electrodes and interconnections) are in the
SOI ( Silicon-on-Insulator ) layer, while the mechanical parts
(suspensions, frame, and XY-stage) are in the substrate. The XY-stage
moved 19 m in the X and Y direction independently.
197
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Thursday
December 8
----- Break -----
14:00 - 15:25
MEMS3: Imaging and Sensors

Chair
Co-Chair
J. M. Kim, Samsung Adv. Inst. of Tech., Korea

H. Toshiyoshi, Univ. of Tokyo, Japan
MEMS3 - 1: Invited A 500 dpi Optical Image Sensor Using a

14:00
Short Channel a-Si:H TFT
S. H. Kim, S. H. Park, Y. D. Nam, H. J. Kim, S. M. Hong,
J. H. Hur, J. Jang
We developed a 500 dpi image sensor on glass with 256 x 300 pixels.
The switching and sensor devices are amorphous silicon thin-fim
transistor. The TFT with a channel legth of 2 m exhibited a field effect
mobility of 0.4 cm2/Vs, a threshold voltage of 4 V and on/off current
ratio higher than 107. A 500 dpi image sensor with 2 m channel TFTs
for switching and sensor was demonstrated with an amorphous silicon.
MEMS3 - 2
14:25
Infrared Light Source Made of Nanocrystalline

Porous Silicon
T. Hatai, H. Uemi, T. Ichihara, T. Komoda, N. Koshida*
A novel infrared light source based on a nanocrystalline porous silicon

(nc-PS) is fabricated. The nc-PS effectively prevents heat dissipation
from a thin film heater formed on nc-PS. In spite of the large heater
size, this device shows fast response and wide temperature modulation.
This device can be used as a thermal image generator for operation test
of an infrared camera because the heater layer has no floating structure
and can be formed into a matrix pattern.
MEMS3 - 3
14:45
New Ultrasonic Image Sensing by Nanocrystalline

Porous Silicon Ultrasonic Emitter Combined with a
Condenser Microphone Array
K. Tsubaki, H. Yamanaka, K. Kitada, T. Komoda,
N. Koshida*
Ultrasonic three-dimensional image sensing in air has been

demonstrated using an impulse acoustic emission from nanocrystalline
porous silicon (nc-PS) device as a probing signal. Due to a completely
flat frequency response in a wide range, an ideal impulse probe signal
can be generated with no reverberations, in contrast to the case of
conventional piezo-electric transducers. In combination with a MEMStype condenser microphone array, different several objects are
successfully picked up three-dimensionally at once.
198
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MICROLINE
Thursday
MEMS3 - 4
15:05
December 8
A Novel Noise Reduction Technique for the
Uncooled Infrared Image Sensor with the BulkMicromachined Pixels
H. Honda, I. Fujiwara, Y. Iida, K. Shigenaka, S. Uchikoga
Toshiba, Japan
We have developed an uncooled (thermal) infrared image sensor with a

read-out circuit that can calibrate the substrate temperature variation in
every frame period. We use two types of pixels, a bulk-micromachined
infrared detection pixel and a non-bulk-micromachined reference pixel,
to null out the effect of the substrate temperature. The difference of the
signals from the two yields just the component of infrared radiation.
----- Break -----
15:45 - 17:00
MEMS4: Displays and Optical Devices (2)

Chair
Co-Chair
J. Jang, Kyung Hee Univ., Korea

T. Komoda, Matsushita Electric Works, Japan
MEMS4 - 1: Invited Nano and Display Technologies

15:45
J. M. Kim
MEMS4 - 2
16:10
Flexible Transparent Display by Plastic MEMS

Y. Taii*, A. Higo*, H. Fujita*, H. Toshiyoshi*,**
**Kanagawa Ac. of Sci. & Tech., Japan
This paper reports a new flexible transparent image display based on

the MEMS technology of plastic materials. A pair of thin PEN
(polyethylene naphthalate) films with evaporated metal reflectors are
laminated into a Fabry-Perot interferometer, and a transparent color is
made by electrostatically tuning the gap. Thanks to the flexibility of the
PEN films, the display could operate even when placed on a curved
surface
199
2005.11.02 18.32.48
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MICROLINE
Thursday
MEMS4 - 3
16:30
December 8
Femtosecond-Laser-Induced Periodic Structures on
SiO2 Surface with Copper Coating
K. Tanaka, Y. Izawa*, M. Kubo, M. Fujita**, M. Nakai*,
T. Norimatsu*
*Osaka Univ., Japan
**ILT, Japan
Femtosecond lasers can be used for forming the nano-sized periodic

structure on the surface of fused silica. However, the processing control
range is narrow and unstable due to the nonlin-earity of the multiphoton
absorption process. By coating the surface with a thin metallic film, we
found that the periodic structure can be formed easily below the
ordinary ablation threshold for fused silica. It is also possible to improve
and control the processing quality.
MEMS4 - 4L
16:50
Color Gamut Improvement for Field Emission

Displays
Y. Hatano, K. Iida, Y. Kato, K. Kokubu, Y. Iguchi
Sony, Japan
We will report improved performance of phosphor screens optimized for

field emission displays (FEDs) operating conditions. Factors which
influence the visual qualities of FED will be discussed including dead
layer voltage in phosphor screen as well as accelerating voltage for FED
operation. And also, we have successfully developed high resolution
FED panel (19.2 SXGA-), which performs the premium visual properties
applying these technologies and nano-Spindt type emitter technology.
Author Interviews
17:30 - 18:30
IDW '06
Dec. 6 8, 2006
Otsu, Japan
200
2005.11.02 18.32.48
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MICROLINE
Tuesday
December 6
Topical Session on Accumulation and

Imaging Technique of Optical Information
Tuesday, December 6
13:30 - 15:00
AIT1: AIT(1)
Chair
Co-Chair
AIT1 - 1:
13:30
M. Ishikawa, AIST, Japan

T. Kunimoto, Tokushima Bunri Univ., Japan
Invited
Imaging by Laser-Excited THz Pulses
M. Hangyo, M. Tani, H. Kitahara

Osaka Univ., Japan
AIT1 - 2:
14:00
Invited Ultrafast and High Efficient Image Processing

Using Novel Coherent Control Technique
N. Tsurumachi*, S. Furue**,***, K. Komori**,***,
S. Nakanishi*, H. Itoh*
*Kagawa Univ., Japan
**AIST, Japan
***CREST-JST, Japan
It is necessary to find nonlinear optical materials with high optical

nonlinearity and fast response for the future practical application of
optical imaging. For this purpose, we propose to apply a novel coherent
control method to one-dimensional photonic crystal structure with
nonlinear optical materials which can enhance the nonlinear optical
effect such as optical phase conjugation. This coherent control
technique, which uses an area-regulated laser pulse sequence, that is
available even for inhomogeneously broadened systems such as
quantum dots ensemble or dye-doped polymer.
AIT1 - 3:
14:30
Invited Imaging of Dynamical Localized Excitations

in Coupled MEMS Oscillator Arrays
M. Sato, A. J. Sievers*
Kanazawa Univ., Japan
*Cornell Univ., USA
Vibrational excitations in coupled MEMS arrays are visualized to study

nonlinear localized modes in discrete lattices. Tips of cantilevers are
imaged on a 1-D CCD camera. The brightness of the image depends on
the oscillation amplitude of the cantilever so that a distribution of
amplitudes in the array can be recorded as a function of position and
time. Nonlinear localized excitations known as intrinsic localized modes
become visible experimentally.
----- Break -----
201
2005.11.02 18.33.20
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MICROLINE
Tuesday
December 6
15:10 - 16:40
AIT2: AIT(2)
Chair
Co-Chair
AIT2 - 1:
15:10
M. Hangyou, Osaka Univ., Japan

N. Tsurumachi, Kagawa Univ., Japan
Invited Novel Properties of Luminescent Quantum
Dots and Their Application to Nano-Sensors
M. Ishikawa
AIST, Japan
Photoluminescence (PL) intermittency was examined for single CdSe

quantum dots (QDs) synthesized at 75 The PL intensity of single
CdSe QDs fluctuated on a subsecond time scale. The subsecond PL
fluc-tuations, the average of which was 213 ms, are different from on
and off PL blinking generally observed for QDs fluctuating on second
to minute time scale. From previous reports, we attribute the subsecond
PL intensity fluctuations to a high-density distribution of homogeneous
surface trap states.
AIT2 - 2:
15:40
Invited
Cells
Spectroscopy-Tomography of Living Single-
I. Ishimaru
Kagawa Univ., Japan
We propose spectroscopy-tomography of living single-cells to measure
slight changes in proteins in the cell. We can obtain the cross-sectional
images of the microsphere with a diameter of 10 m. The distribution of
the internal submicron-defect in the microsphere can be analyzed. And
to correct the center of rotation, we propose the image processing that
uses the normalized correlation function as estimated value. The vague
internal defect becomes to be distinguished by this proposed method.
AIT2 - 3:
16:10
Invited Dynamics of Fine Structures of Elongating

Neuron Revealed with New Type of Polarized Light
and Phase Contrast Microscopy
K. Katoh, T. Otaki*
AIST, Japan
*Nikon, Japan
Author Interviews
18:20 - 19:20
202
2005.11.02 18.33.20
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MICROLINE
Wednesday
December 7
15:00 - 17:00
Exhibition Hall
Poster AITp: AIT(3)

AITp - 1
Non-Uniformity Effects and Illumination Criterions

for Biomedical Images
C. R. Ou*,**,***, R. Her**, R. Tzeng**, C. H. Chen**,
R. Chang***, C. -J. Chang****,*****
*Hsiuping Inst. of Tech., Taiwan
**LEXM Res., Taiwan
***Central Taiwan Univ., Taiwan
****Tri-Service General Hospital, Taiwan
*****Tsu-Chi Univ.,Taiwan
In this article, the effects of non-uniformity to the medical images will be

discussed. A microscopic Q value is implementing to define the images
qualities for the illumination system. The criterion that connects the
macroscopic contract ratio and the Q value is established.
AITp - 2
Activity Evaluation of Chick Dorsal Root Ganglion

Cell with Continuous Microscopic Images
H. Shimizu, T. Wakimoto, K. Yamakawa
Kagawa Univ., Japan
Dorsal Root Ganglion cells of a chick embryo were cultured and the
extension movement of the nerve axon and the filopodia at the growth
cone was estimated with continuous microscoic images. The axon and
filopodia elongated actiovely in L-15+ NGF solution containing LFructose, their activity in the solution containing Allitol seemed to be
almost the same as in the reference solution.
AITp - 3
Effect of D-Allose on Fibroblast

M. Maeda, K. Mitani, H. Shimizu
Kagawa Univ., Japan
A research was carried out for the purpose of examining the effect of
rare sugar on fibroblast cell. The fibroblast is cultivated in a culture
solution L-15 and basic Fibroblast Growth Factor with or without DAllose. The activity of the fibroblast cell was observed by microscopy.
We found D-Allose inhibits the function of b-FGF.
IMID / IDMC2006
Aug. 22 25, 2006
Daegu, Korea
203
2005.11.02 18.33.20
Page 843
MICROLINE
Thursday
December 8
Topical Session on
Novel Imaging Devices and Systems
13:30 - 15:05
IDS1: Novel Imaging Devices and Systems (1)

Chair
Co-Chair
IDS1 - 1:
13:30
S. Kawahito, Shizuoka Univ., Japan

T. Aoki, Shizuoka Univ., Japan
Invited Extremely High-Resolution Camera System
with Four 1.25-in. 8M-pixel CMOS Image Sensors
K. Mitani, H. Shimamoto, T. Yamashita, R. Funatsu
NHK, Japan
A compact camera system has been developed for a 4000-scanning-line

ultra-high-definition video system nicknamed Super Hi-Vision for future
broadcast services conveying a strong sense of reality to the viewer.
The camera uses four 1.25-inch 8M-pixel CMOS digital imagers and the
diagonal pixel shifting method in a 4-pickup system. A 5x zoom lens and
a signal processing system with a function for real-time lateral chromatic
aberration correction have also been developed for the system.
IDS1 - 2:
13:55
Invited Progress of ISIS (In-situ Storage Image

Sensors) Mounted in Ultra-High-Speed Video
Cameras
T. G. Etoh, H. Maruyama*, H. Ohtake*, K. Tanioka*
Kinki Univ., Japan
*NHK, Japan
In 2001, an ultra-high-speed video camera of 1,000,000 fps was

developed by Etoh et al. The camera equiped with a specially-designed
CCD image sensor, ISIS, the in-situ storage image sensor with a
linear CCD storage area attached to each pixel. The progress of the
ISIS-camera family for this five years is summarized with their potential
applicabilities.
IDS1 - 3:
14:20
Invited Development of Camera System Capable of

Taking Pictures with High-Fidelity Colors
T. Ejaz, T. Horiuchi, T. Yokota, G. Ohashi, Y. Shimodaira
A set of three optical filters was designed, and a camera system was
developed using these filters in order to capture high-fidelity colors
within the gamut of vision. Photographs of the macbeth chart, and 18
pieces of clothing samples of various colors were taken. The measured
tristimulus values of the objects were compared with those of the
images captured by the camera. The average color difference, Eab, was
found to be 1.85.
204
2005.11.02 18.34.12
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MICROLINE
Thursday
December 8
IDS1 - 4
14:45
Adaptive Image Enhancement Using Image Feature

Extraction for Mobile System
J. S. Kim, B. Y. Kim, S. W. Kim, W. H. Choe*, M. H. Lee,
J. T. Kim, C. S. Choi
Samsung Elect., Korea
In this paper, a new algorithm and circuit of an adaptive image

enhancement technique for mobile display system is proposed. This
algorithm efficiently enhances luminance of original image using image
feature extraction without color distortion and realizes real time
enhancement of motion image without flicker. This circuit is implemented
in the LCD Driver IC of QVGA resolution with only 10,000 gates and 0.5
mW power consumption.
----- Break -----
15:20 - 17:00
IDS2: Novel Imaging Devices and Systems (2)

Chair
Co-Chair
IDS2 - 1:
15:20
K. Mitani, NHK, Japan

N. Egami, NHK, Japan
Invited
CMOS Time-of-Flight Range Image Sensors
S. Kawahito
Recent developments of time-of-flight (TOF) image sensors are

reviewed. Using charge domain operation, range resolution of 1mm can
be achieved. The resolution is explained by the photon shot noise in the
region of sufficient right level. As an example of the TOF range image
sensor, the results of the implementation of a QVGS-size CMOS TOF
range image sensor are presented.
BANQUET
19:00 21:00
at Hiten (3F)
205
2005.11.02 18.34.12
Page 893
MICROLINE
Thursday
IDS2 - 2:
15:45
December 8
Invited Characteristics of Active-Matrix HEED (HighEfficiency Electron Emission Device) and Its
Application to Image Sensing
K. Sakemura, R. Tanaka, T. Nakada, N. Negishi, Y. Okuda,
H. Satoh, A. Watanabe, T. Yoshikawa, K. Ogasawara,
M. Nanba*, S. Okazaki*, K. Tanioka*, N. Egami*,
A. Kobayashi**, N. Koshida***
Pioneer, Japan
*NHK, Japan
**Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan
***Tokyo Univ. of A&T, Japan
An active-matrix HEED with scanning driver circuits was developed for

an ultra-highly sensitive compact HARP image sensor. The HEED
arrays with 256192 pixels were fabricated as an image pickup beam
source for the HARP target in combination with conventional MOS
planar technology. The prototyped device operates well as a highsensitivity image sensor with a sufficient resolution. The way towards
ultrahigh-sensitivity and high-definition compact image sensing has been
opened by active-matrix HEEDs.
IDS2 - 3:
16:10
Invited Photoconductive Properties of Organic Film

onto CMOS Readout Circuit
S. Aihara, T. Watabe, N. Egami, M. Kubota, K. Tanioka,
N. Kamata*, D. Terunuma*
NHK, Japan
*Saitama Univ., Japan
We have been studying photoconductive properties of organic films to

develop a new type of solid-state image sensor without color separation
optical systems. As a step toward this goal, the photoconductive
properties of an organic film on a CMOS readout circuit were measured.
The signal output voltage based on signal charges generated by the
organic film was clearly observed, showing great potential for the
development of high-resolution prism-less color cameras.
IDS2 - 4:
16:35
Invited Photon Counting Type X-Ray Imager with

Energy Distinction
T. Aoki, Y. Ishida, Y. Makino, G. Ohashi, Y. Tomita*, H. Morii,
J. Temmyo, Y. Hatanaka**
*Hamamatsu Photonics, Japan
**Aichi Univ. of Tech., Japan
Photon counting type X-ray imager with energy distinction function was
developed. This device was operated by photon counting mode for highsensitivity, energy-discrimination (in order to color-like imaging) for a
photon, and actual counts of incident X-ray photon compare with
conventional X-ray imaging device, such as X-ray CCD, X-ray I.I. which
are driven by current integrated mode. Moreover, the imager could be
applied for X-ray CT, because the imager operated under the highincident condition by micro-focus X-ray source tube.
Author Interviews
17:30 - 18:30
206
2005.11.02 18.34.12
Page 894
MICROLINE
IDW/AD 05 COMMITTEES
ORGANIZING COMMITTEE
General Chair:
Standing (ITE):
Standing (SID):
Standing (SID Japan Chapter):
Committee (ITE):
Committee (Executive Chair):
Committee (Program Chair):
T. Sugiura
K. Imai
P. M. Heyman
T. Shinoda
M. Ohsawa
Y. Nagae
H. Mimura
Toppan Printing
Matsushita Elec. Ind.
Display Consultant, USA
Fujitsu Labs.
Hitachi
Hitachi Displays
Shizuoka Univ.
OVERSEAS ADVISORS
P. J. Bos
Kent State Univ., USA
J. Burroughes
CDT, UK
P. M. Heyman
Display Consultant, USA
W. E. Howard
Howard Consulting, USA
J. Jang
H.-S. Kwok
A. C. Lowe
Lambent Consultancy, UK
E. Lueder
Univ. of Stuttgart/Electro-Optical Consultancy, USA
F.-C. Luo
A. Mosley
CRL Opto, UK
M.-H. Oh
Dankook Univ., Korea
J.-N. Perbet
Thales Avionics, France
H.-P. D. Shieh
D. Theis
Siemens, Germany
H. Tolner
PDP Consultant, The Netherlands
B. P. Wang
M.-K. Han
FINANCIAL SUPPORTING COMMITTEE
Chair:
T. Sugiura
Vice-Chair:
T. Uchida
Y. Shimodaira
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Executive Chair:
Y. Nagae
Executive Vice-Chair:
K. Betsui
Program Chair:
Program Vice-Chair:
H. Mimura
Y. Iimura
T. Miyashita
Program Secretary:
Y. Yang
S. Uchikoga
N. Wakita
H. Ito
T. Suzuki
Publication Chair:
T. Shiga
Publication:
M. Date
M. Suzuki
H. Tanizoe
M. Uchidoi
Treasurer:
M. Hasegawa
General Secretary:
T. Taguchi
Local Arrangement Chair: I. Ishimaru
Local Arrangement:
S. Hata
Y. Mihara
H. Ito
Toppan Printing
Tohoku Univ.
Shizuoka Univ.
Hitachi Displays
Fujitsu Hitachi Plasma
Displays
Shizuoka Univ.
Tokyo Univ. of A&T
Tohoku Univ.
Sony
Toshiba
Matsushita
Kagawa Univ.
ZEON
Univ. of Electro-Commun.
NTT
Merck
NEC Display Solutions
Pioneer
IBM Res.
Toppan Printing
Kagawa Univ.
Kagawa Univ.
Kagawa Univ.
Kagawa Univ.
207
2005.11.04 19.54.30
Page 945
MICROLINE
S. Kurozumi
H. Ohnishi
K. Fukuda
M. Takagi
A. Uemura
Senior Executive Member: T. Uchida
S. Naemura
Y. Shimodaira
H. Uchiike
H. Kobayashi
Committee:
LCT WS
H. Fuijkake
AMD WS
K. Takatori
FMC WS
K. Niwa
CRT WS
S. Shirai
PDP WS
T. Ogawa
Exhibition Chair:
Exhibition Vice-Chair:
Exhibition:
PH WS
FED WS
OLED WS
3D WS
VHF WS
LAD WS
EP WS
MEMS TS
AIT TS
IDS TS
Members
M. Shiiki
M. Nakamoto
R. Hattori
S. Yano
T. Tamura
M. Takaso
H. Arisawa
T. Komoda
S. Nakanishi
S. Kawahito
M. Anma
H. Arai
Y. Chikazawa
K. Dantani
M. Hasegawa
Y. Hirai
H. Hori
S. Hoshino
S. Hotta
N. Ibaraki
H. Inoue
M. Inoue
Y. Ishii
S. Itoh
S. Kakita
S. Kaneko
M. Kano
H. Kawakami
K. Kobayashi
S. Kobayashi
Y. Komiya
S. Kurozumi
T. Kusumoto
M. Maeda
K. Matsuhiro
M. Matsuura
S. Mikoshiba
H. Mori
208
FUTEC
Ehime Univ.
Tokushima Bunri Univ.
Harison Toshiba Lighting
Ehime Univ.
Tohoku Univ.
Merck
Shizuoka Univ.
NHK
NEC
JSR
Hitachi Displays
Display
Hitachi
Shizuoka Univ.
Kyushu Univ.
NHK
Tokyo Polytechnic Univ.
Techno Syss. Res.
Fuji Xerox
Matsushita Elec. Works
Kagawa Univ.
Shizuoka Univ.
Corning Japan
Thomson Japan
Dai Nippon Printing
IBM Res.
Optrex
Konica Minolta Sensing
Panasonic
Toshiba Matsushita
Display Technology
Hitachi High-Tech.
Toyo
Sharp
Futaba
Kasei Optonix
NEC
Alps Elec.
Hitachi Displays
Mitsubishi Elec.
Tokyo Univ. of Sci.
Yamaguchi
Olympus Optical
Futec
Idemitsu Kosan
Maeda Consulting
Arisawa Manufacturing
Sharp
Fuji Photo Film
2005.11.04 19.54.30
Page 946
MICROLINE
H. Murakami
T. Nagatsuka
Y. Nishimura
K. Niwa
T. Nonaka
K. Nunomura
M. Ohsawa
S. Okabayashi
S. Okuda
H. Saito
T. Saito
S. Sakamoto
A. Sasaki
F. Sato
H. Seki
K. Shibata
T. Shinoda
S. Shiwa
M. Sumitomo
T. Sunata
K. Suzuki
T. Suzuki
T. Taguchi
M. Takagi
K. Takeuchi
Y. Takeuchi
Y. Takiguchi
K. Tanaka
C. Tani
K. Tanitsu
Y. Toko
M. Tsumura
M. Uchidoi
K. Uchikawa
S. Uemura
Y. Ukai
T. Ushiki
S. Yamamoto
Y. Yanagi
H. Yokoyama
M. Yokozawa
M. Yuki
Workshop/Topical Session Chair:
LCT WS
H. Seki
AMD WS
Y. Yamamoto
FMC WS
Y. Iimura
CRT WS
S. Shirai
PDP WS
K. Nunomura
PH WS
H. Yamamoto
FED WS
M. Takai
OLED WS
J. Kido
3D WS
I. Yuyama
VHF WS
H. Isono
LAD WS
Z. Tajima
Dai Nippon Printing

Nitto Denko
AKT
JSR
Clariant Japan
Pioneer
Hitachi
Meijyo Univ.
Mitsubishi Elec.
Chisso
Tokyo Cathode Lab.
Noritake Kizai
Osaka Electro-Commun. Univ.
NHK
Hachinohe Inst. of Tech.
Sanyo Elec.
Fujitsu Labs.
Tokyo Denki Univ.
Nichia Chemical Ind.
Philips Mobile Display
Syss. Kobe
SED
ZEON
Toppan Printing
Dainippon Ink & Chem.
ICMR
Ricoh
NTT
ASTRODESIGN
Tokyo Ohka Kogyo
Stanley Elec.
Future Vision
Pioneer
Tokyo Ohka Kogyo
Noritake
Sony
Sanyo Epson Imaging
Devices
Seiko Instruments
Tokki
Nat. Inst. of Advanced Ind.
Sci. & Tech.
Tokyo Univ. of Info. Sci.
Asahi Glass
Sharp
Tokyo Univ. of A&T
Hitachi Displays
Pioneer
Tokyo Univ. of Tech.
Osaka Univ.
Yamagata Univ.
Utsunomiya Univ.
Nippon Inst. of Tech.
Hitachi Displays
209
2005.11.04 19.54.30
Page 947
MICROLINE
EP WS
MEMS TS
AIT TS
IDS TS
M. Omodani
M. Nakamoto
H. Ito
N. Egami
PROGRAM COMMITTEE
Program Chair:
H. Mimura
Program Vice-Chair:
Y. Iimura
T. Miyashita
Program Secretary:
Y. Yang
S. Uchikoga
N. Wakita
H. Ito
T. Suzuki
Committee:
LCT WS
M. Ozaki
AMD WS
S. Utsunomiya
FMC WS
H. Mori
CRT WS
Y. Ueda
PDP WS
PH WS
FED WS
OLED WS
3D WS
VHF WS
LAD WS
EP WS
MEMS TS
AIT TS
IDS TS
Y. Nakao
S. Okamoto
J. Ishikawa
Y. Sato
M. Tsuchida
T. Kurita
H. Kikuchi
A. Suzuki
H. Fujita
T. Kunimoto
M. Nanba
Tokai Univ.
Shizuoka Univ.
Kagawa Univ.
NHK
Shizuoka Univ.
Tokyo Univ. of A&T
Tohoku Univ.
Sony
Toshiba
Matsushita
Kagawa Univ.
ZEON
Osaka Univ.
Seiko Epson
Fuji Photo Film
Matsushita Toshiba Picture
Display
Asahi Glass
NHK
Kyoto Univ.
JST
NICT
NHK
NHK
Ricoh
Univ. of Tokyo
NHK
Workshop on LC Science and Technologies

Workshop Chair:
H. Seki
Program Chair:
M. Ozaki
Osaka Univ.
General Secretary:
H. Fujikake
NHK
Program Vice-Chair:
M. Suzuki
Merck
S. Komura
Hitachi
Program Committee/
Exhibition Committee:
E. Tajima
Citizen Watch
Program Committee:
H. Okada
Toyama Univ.
R. Yamaguchi
Akita Univ.
Y. Shimizu
Nat. Inst. of Advanced Ind.
Sci. & Tech.
S. Saito
Chisso
A. Mochizuki
Nano Loa
O. Okumura
Sanyo Epson Imaging
Devices
M. Kimura
JSR
K. Miyachi
Sharp
K. Ishikawa
Tokyo Inst. of Tech.
T. Nose
Akita Pref. Univ.
M. Kimura
Nagaoka Univ. of Tech.
Workshop Chair:
Y. Yamamoto
Program Chair:
S. Utsunomiya
210
Sharp
Seiko Epson
2005.11.04 19.54.30
Page 948
MICROLINE
Executive Committee/
Program Vice Chair:
Program Committee:
K. Takatori
M. Kimura
T. Asano
K. Azuma
M. Ikeda
Y. Inoue
T. Sunata
M. Tsumura
H. Hamada
S. Horita
N. Matsuo
NEC
Ryukoku Univ.
Kyushu Inst. of Tech.
ALTEDEC
Toshiba
NHK
Philips Mobile Display Syss.
Future Vision
Sanyo Elec.
JAIST
Univ. of Hyogo
Workshop on FPD Manufacturing, Materials and Components

Workshop Chair/
Program Vice-Chair:
Y. Iimura
Tokyo Univ. of A&T
General Secretary:
K. Niwa
JSR
Program Chair:
H. Mori
Fuji Photo Film
Vice General Secretary: K. Dantani
Dai Nippon Printing
T. Itoh
Corning Japan
Program Committee:
K. Uchikawa
Tokyo Ohka Kogyo
Y. Ukai
Sony
K. Yamada
Chisso
M. Takagi
Y. Fujimura
Nitto Denko
T. Taguchi
Toppan Printing
T. Hayashi
Sumitomo 3M
K. Shimamura
Mitsui Eng. & Shipbuilding
F. Shimo
Tokyo Electron
Y. Fujimoto
Dainippon Screen MFG
N. Yoshizaki
Canon Sales
T. Nagahara
AZ Elec. Materials
K. Saito
ULVAC
T. Unate
Sekisui Chem.
J. Bruinink
Philips Res., The Netherlands
Senior Executive Member: T. Sugiura
Toppan Printing
K. Matsushima Chisso
H. Saito
Chisso
Workshop on CRTs
Workshop Chair:
Program Chair:
S. Shirai
Y. Ueda
General Secretary:
Program Committee:
S. Shirai
S. Okuda
T. Higuchi
T. Saito
M. Okada
H. Nakanishi
Jos Henrichs
C. H. Yeh
S. Lee
S. C. Shin
Hitachi Displays
Display
Hitachi Displays
Mitsubishi Elec.
Display
Tokyo Cathode Lab.
Sony
LG.Philips Displays, The
Netherlands
Chunghwa Picture Tubes,
Taiwan
Samsung SDI, Korea
211
2005.11.04 19.54.30
Page 949
MICROLINE

Workshop Chair:
K. Nunomura
Program Chair:
Y. Nakao
General Secretary:
T. Ogawa
Program Committee:
R. Murai
S. Mikoshiba
K. Igarashi
T. Shinoda
M. Uchidoi
Y. Murakami
N. Oota
S. Sakamoto
H. Oaku
Pioneer
Asahi Glass
Display
Fujitsu Labs.
Pioneer
NHK
D. A. P. Tech.
Noritake Kizai
Hitachi
Workshop on EL Displays, LEDs and Phosphors

Workshop Chair:
H. Yamamoto
Tokyo Univ. of Tech.
Program Chair:
S. Okamoto
NHK
General Secretary/
M. Shiiki
Hitachi
Program Committee:
S. Itoh
Futaba
K. Ohmi
Tottori Univ.
K. Ohno
Sony
H. Kobayashi
M. Sumitomo
Nichia
M. Katayama
Denso
M. Tamatani
Toshiba Res. Consulting
Y. Nakanishi
Shizuoka Univ.
T. Hisamune
Kasei Optonix
N. Miura
Meiji Univ.
T. Minami
Kanazawa Inst. of Tech.
T. Yagi
Lumileds Lighting Japan
H. Shimoyama
Sharp
K. Wani
iFire Tech., Canada
K. Kondo
Stanley Elec.
Workshop Chair:
M. Takai
Program Chair:
J. Ishikawa
General Secretary/
M. Nakamoto
Program Committee:
T. Asano
N. Egami
Y. Iguchi
H. Mimura
M. Nakamoto
S. Nakata
M. Suzuki
S. Uemura
J. M. Kim
Workshop Chair:
J. Kido
Program Chair:
Y. Sato
General Secretary/
R. Hattori
Program Committee:
C. Adachi
M. Tsuchida
H. Takahashi
212
Osaka Univ.
Kyoto Univ.
Shizuoka Univ.
Kyusyu Inst. of Tech.
NHK
Sony EMCS
Shizuoka Univ.
Shizuoka Univ.
Mitsubishi Elec.
Hitachi
Noritake
Samsung, Korea
Yamagata Univ.
JST
Kyushu Univ.
Chitose Inst. of Sci. & Tech.
Pioneer
Sanyo Elec.
2005.11.04 19.54.30
Page 950
MICROLINE
T. Kusumoto
S. Miyashita
T. Tsutsui
S. Tokito
H. Miyazaki
T. Inoue
A. Mikami
T. Wakimoto
S. Naka
Idemitsu Kosan
Seiko Epson
Kyushu Univ.
NHK
Nippon Steel Chem.
TDK
Kanazawa Inst. of Tech.
Optrex
Toyama Univ.
Workshop on 3D/Hyper-Realistic Displays and Systems

Workshop Chair:
I. Yuyama
Utsunomiya Univ.
Program Chair:
M. Tsuchida
NICT
General Secretary:
S. Yano
NHK
K. Mashitani
Sanyo Elec.
Program Committee:
Y. Komiya
Olympus
T. Fujii
Nagoya Univ.
W. -J. Hsueh
Industrial Tech. Res. Inst.,
Taiwan
T. Mishina
NHK
N. Nishida
Univ. of Tokushima
S. Ohtsuka
NTT Data
J. -Y. Son
Hanyang Univ., Korea
H. Takemura
Osaka Univ.
C. Tani
ASTRODESIGN
T. Yoshida
Toppan Printing
Workshop on Applied Vision and Human
Workshop Chair:
H. Isono
Workshop Vice-Chair:
Y. Shimodaira
General Secretary/
T. Tamura
Program Chair:
T. Kurita
Program Committee:
J. Bergquist
S. Clippingdale
N. Hiruma
M. Idesawa
S. Kubota
T. Mitsuhashi
T. Wake
R. Yoshitake
Workshop on Projection
Their Components
Workshop Chair
General Secretary:
Program Chair:
Program Vice Chair:
Exhibition Committee/
Program Committee:
Factors
Nippon Inst. of Tech.
Shizuoka Univ.
Tokyo Polytechnic Univ.
NHK
Nokia Japan
NHK
NHK
Seikei Univ.
Shobi Univ.
Chukyo Univ.
IBM Japan
and Large-Area Displays, and

Z. Tajima
M. Takaso
H. Kikuchi
T. Hayashi
Hitachi Displays
Techno Syss. Res.
NHK
Sumitomo 3M
H. Nakano
K. Fukushima
Y. Hayashi
S. Koike
Y. Kondo
M. Masutomi
T. Ogura
K. Ohara
S. Ouchi
S. Shikama
Barco
Ushio Elec.
Sony
Seiko Epson
Toppan Printing
Texas Instruments Japan
Hitachi
Mitsubishi Elec.
213
2005.11.04 19.54.30
Page 951
MICROLINE
Workshop on Electronic
Workshop Chair:
General Secretary:
Program Chair:
Program Committee:
K. Takeda
K. Terada
Y. Asakura
Y. Masumoto
Seiko Epson
Sanyo Elec.
Nittoh Kogaku
Panasonic Shikoku Elec.
Paper
M. Omodani
H. Arisawa
A. Suzuki
T. Kitamura
S. Maeda
Y. Hotta
T. Fujisawa
H. Kawai
Y. Toko
Tokai Univ.
Fuji Xerox
Ricoh
Chiba Univ.
Oji Paper
Ricoh
Dainippon Ink & Chem.
Seiko Epson
Stanley Elec.
Topical Session on MEMS for Future Displays and

Related Electron Devices
Topical Session Chair:
M. Nakamoto
Shizuoka Univ.
General Secretary:
T. Komoda
Program Chair:
H. Fujita
Univ. of Tokyo
Program Committee:
S. Uchikoga
Toshiba
H. Fujita
Univ. of Tokyo
M. Esashi
Tohoku Univ.
S. Sugiyama
Ritsumeikan Univ.
G. Hashiguchi
Kagawa Univ.
H. Kikuchi
NHK
T. Komoda
Y. Yoshida
Mitsubishi Elec.
K. Matsumoto
Olympus
T. Ooasa
Tokyo Electron
H. L. Tuller
MIT, USA
G. Barbastathis MIT, USA
T. Akinwande
MIT, USA
W. I. Milne
Cambridge Univ., UK
J. Jang
Kyung-Hee Univ., Korea
J. M. Kim
Samsung, Korea
Local Arrangements:
G. Hashiguchi
Kagawa Univ.
M. Nakamoto
Shizuoka Univ.
Topical Session on Accumulation and Imaging Technique of
Optical Information
Workshop Chair/
H. Ito
Kagawa Univ.
General Secretary:
S. Nakanishi
Kagawa Univ.
Program Chair:
T. Kunimoto
Program Committee:
H. Shimizu
Kagawa Univ.
H. Itoh
Kagawa Univ.
Topical Session on Novel Imaging Devices and Systems
Workshop Chair/
N. Egami
NHK
Program Chair:
M. Nanba
NHK
General Secretary:
S. Kawahito
Shizuoka Univ.
Program Committee:
N. Egami
NHK
S. Kawahito
Shizuoka Univ.
Y. Shimodaira
Shizuoka Univ.
M. Nanba
NHK
H. Mimura
Shizuoka Univ.
214
2005.11.04 19.54.30
Page 952
MICROLINE
ACADEMIC SUPPORTING ORGANIZATIONS

The Chemical Society of Japan
The Electrochemical Society of Japan (ECSJ)
The Illuminating Engineering Institute of Japan
Information Processing Society of Japan
The Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan
The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers
(IEICE)
The Institute of Image Electronics Engineers of Japan
Japan Ergonomics Society (JES)
Japanese Liquid Crystal Society (JLCS)
The Japan Society of Applied Physics
The Virtual Reality Society of Japan
FINANCIAL SUPPORTING ORGANIZATIONS (as of October 31, 2005)
AKT, Inc.
ALPS ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
CASIO COMPUTER CO., LTD.
Chisso Corporation
Chugai Ro Co., LTD
Corning Japan K.K.
Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.
FUJI PHOTO FILM CO., LTD.
Futaba Corporation
FUTEC INC.
HARISON TOSHIBA LIGHTING Corp.
Hitachi Displays
JSR Corporation
KASEI OPTONIX, LTD.
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
Merck Ltd., Japan
Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation
MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORPORATION
NEC Corporation
NICHIA CORPORATION
Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd.
Nippon Steel Chemical Co., Ltd.
NORITAKE CO., LIMITED
NORITAKE ITRON CORPORATION
OTSUKA ELECTRONICS CO., LTD.
Philips Mobile Display Systems Kobe K.K.
PIONEER CORPORATION
SANYO EPSON IMAGING DEVICES CORPORATION
SED Inc.
Seiko Instruments Inc.
SEMI Japan
Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd.
Sharp Corporation
Sony Corporation
Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. Tsukuba Research Laboratory
Technology Research Association for Advanced Display Materials
(TRADIM)
Thomson Corporate Research Tokyo
Tokki Corp.
215
2005.11.04 19.54.30
Page 953
MICROLINE
TOKYO CATHODE LABORATORY CO., LTD.

Tokyo Electron Limited
TOKYO OHKA KOGYO CO., LTD.
TOPPAN PRINTING CO., LTD.
Toshiba Matsushita Display Technology Co., Ltd.
TOYO Corporation
TOYOTA INDUSTRIES CORPORATION
Ube Material Industries, Ltd.
ULVAC, Inc.
ZEON CORPORATION
IDW/AD 05 SECRETARIAT
Toranomon Takagi Bldg.,
1-7-2 Nishishinbashi, Minato-ku,
Tokyo 105-0003, Japan
LIST OF EXHIBITORS (as of October 31, 2005)
AIXTRON K.K.
Aomori Support Center for Industrial Promotion
CYBERNET SYSTEMS CO., LTD.
CHUO PRECISION INDUSTRIAL CO., LTD.
FUTEC INC.
Hitachi, Ltd.
HORIBA, Ltd.
Keisoku Giken Co., Ltd.
MEIRYO TECHNICA CORP.
Nishida Lab., The University of Tokushima
NITTOH KOGAKU K.K.
Nordson Asymtek K.K.
OPTO DESIGN, INC.
Opto Science, Inc.
Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.
Plastic Logic Ltd.
RSoft Design Group, Inc.
Sanayi System Co., Ltd.
SEIKO ELECTRIC CO., LTD.
SHINTECH Inc.
Suzuki Yasoji Lab., TOKAI University
Tokki Corp.
Toray Research Center, Inc.
TOYO Corp.
Funds for the conference are furnished in part by the following

organizations:
!The Murata Science Foundation

!Kagawa Prefectural Government
!Takamatsu Convention & Visitors Bureau (Takamatsu City)
216
2005.11.04 19.54.30
Page 954
MICROLINE
WITH WINE
Monday, December 5
18:00 20:00
EXHIBITION
12:00 18:00 Tuesday, Dec. 6
9:00 18:00 Wednesday, Dec. 7
9:00 18:00 Thursday, Dec. 8
9:00 14:00 Friday, Dec. 9
Small Hall 2 (5F)
Free admission with your registration name tag.
BANQUET
19:00 21:00
at Hiten (3F)
217
2005.11.04 19.54.30
Page 955
MICROLINE
Outstanding
Poster Paper Awards
Friday, December 9
12:20 13:30
Tamamo (3F),
Takamatsu Festival
Friday, December 9
12:20 13:30
Tamamo (3F),
IDW '06
Dec. 6 8, 2006
Otsu, Japan
218
2005.11.04 19.54.30
Page 956
MICROLINE
PDP International Forum '05

10:00 - 15:30, Saturday, Dec. 10
History Museum (5-min walk from IDW venue)
Meet Prof. Don Bitzer, the inventor of PDP, at the
luncheon with wine. Join discussion on "how to
dominate the TV world" with internationally
well-known scientists. Everyone is welcome.
inquiry: [email protected]
SID 2006
June 49, 2006
http://www.sid.org
IMID / IDMC2006
Aug. 22 25, 2006
Daegu, Korea
IDRC
Sept. 18 21, 2006
OH, U.S.A.
219
2005.11.04 19.54.30
Page 957
MEMO
220
221
222
FLOOR PLAN
223
224
Sunport Hall Takamatsu 2F
80%
75 62 60
D 50%
40%
80%
D 50%
D 50%
40%
80%
D 50%
40%
80%
SHA Lic.: 2KJ080799 Device: Creo Normalizer JTP
M
MY
Y
CY
IDW / AD 05
C
CM
IND
Zero
300%
.: 2KJ080799 Device: Creo Normalizer JTP
20051031IDW/AD-05Final-MA
300%
CM
CY
K
Zero
300%
IDW/AD 05
FINAL PROGRAM
Final Program
MY
300%
CM
CY
MY
300%
CM
IND
December 6(Tue.) - 9(Fri.), 2005

Sunport Takamatsu
Takamatsu, Japan
CY
MY
CM
Landscape of the Castle Town Takamatsu

(Kagawa History Museum)
CY
MY
Ugra/FOGRA EPS-PCS V1.6 Copyright by Ugra/FOGRA 1997 PS Level: 2 PS Vers.: 3011.104 Res.: 2400 DPI / 10.6 mu Requested Screen: 150 LPI
80%
75 62 60
D 50%
40%
80%
D5
D 50%
40%
80%
The 12th International Display Workshops

in conjunction with Asia Display 2005
D 50%
40%
80%
Ugra/FOGRA EPS-PCS V1.6 Copyright by Ugra/FOGRA 1997 PS Level: 2 PS Vers.: 3011.104 Res.: 2400 DPI / 10.6 mu Requested Screen: 150 LPI Licens

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80%

SHA Lic.: 2KJ080799 Device: Creo Normalizer JTP

.: 2KJ080799 Device: Creo Normalizer JTP

EPS-PCS V1.6 1997 Lic.: 2KJ080799 User: K.K. KYORINSHA

EPS-PCS V1.6 1997 Lic.: 2KJ080799 User: K.K. KYORINSHA

December 6(Tue.) - 9(Fri.), 2005

EPS-PCS V1.6 1997 Lic.: 2KJ080799 User: K.K. KYORINSHA

Ugra/FOGRA EPS-PCS V1.6 1997 Lic.: 2KJ080799 User: K.K. KYORINSHA

Landscape of the Castle Town Takamatsu

The 12th International Display Workshops

Ugra/FOGRA EPS-PCS V1.6 1997 Lic.: 2KJ080799 User: K.K. KYORINSHA

Workshop on Active Matrix Displays

Workshop on FPD Manufacturing, Materials and

Poster: Phosphors 123

Workshop on Organic LED Displays

Workshop on Projection and Large-Area Displays, and Their

Workshop on Electronic Paper

Topical Session on Accumulation and Imaging Technique of

Workshop on CRTs (CRT)

Workshop on Electronic Paper (EP)

ASO:Academic Supporting Organizations

3. Credit card (only VISA or MasterCard accepted)

HOTEL AND TRAVEL INFORMATION

Travel Service Center

Bus (via Akashi

IDW/AD 05 CONFERENCE SITE (SUNPORT TAKAMATSU)

Sunport Hall Takamatsu Main Hall

Y. Nagae, Executive Chair

Sunport Hall Takamatsu Main Hall

H. Mimura, Program Chair

Keynote Address - 1 The $100 Laptop

----- Break -----

Sunport Hall Takamatsu Main Hall

Y. Iimura, Program Vice-Chair

Invited Address - 1 The Future of Mobile Multimedia

----- Lunch -----

Kagawa International Conference Hall

LCT1: New Materials for LCD Applications

T. Uchida, Tohoku Univ., Japan

We present a new method of modifying the properties of liquid crystals

Invited Fast Electro-Optical Switching in PolymerStabilized Blue Phases

Fabrication of Polymer Films with Micro Domains of

Micro-sized domains with the uniformity of molecular alignment of a

Carbon Nanotube-Doped Liquid Crystal Devices

Electro-optical characteristics of carbon nanotube-doped liquid crystal

----- Break -----

Kagawa International Conference Hall

LCT2: Fast Responce LCDs

J. West, Kent State Univ., USA

Recently, large area liquid crystal television displays are progressed

OCB (Optically Compensated Bend) mode is promising for the LCD-TV

Fast Response No-Bias-Bend LCDs

New Measurement Method of Three Viscosities of NType LC Using VA Mode Cells

We have already developed a novel method for measuring the three

----- Break -----

Kagawa International Conference Hall

LCT3: LC Alignment Process

H. Kikuchi, Kyushu Univ., Japan

A novel photo-alignment scheme using normally incident periodically

The Surface Energy of Polyimide Alignment Layer