Summary Stats for Model I

Variable

Obs

Mean

year
GINI
Unemployme~s
homicide_r~s
GDP_Growth~e

619
619
618
619
616

2004.522
39.73878
9.452913
11.33319
4.318686

Latin_Amer~a
GNI_per_ca~a
percent_of~s
urbanization

619
611
619
619

.3101777
8588.412
64.57104
62.61908

Std. Dev.

Min

Max

4.693598
10.0357
5.694363
16.35843
4.293803

1995
16.23
1
.4
-14.8

2012
69.17
37.3
139.1321
26.4

.4629403
12132.75
4.670734
16.35732

0
160
48.22465
13.313

1
86830
73.50738
97.128

Min

Max

Summary Stats for Model II

Variable

Obs

Mean

Std. Dev.

year
GINI
Unemployme~s
homicide_r~s
GDP_Growth~e

169
169
169
169
169

2004.065
33.53337
8.315976
2.87144
3.569954

4.787312
1995
6.730982
23.25
3.97587
2.3
3.444651
.5
3.158375 -14.73755

2012
54.74
23.1
21.8
10.41274

Latin_Amer~a
GNI_per_ca~a
percent_of~s
urbanization

169
169
169
169

.0828402
22441.48
67.24338
72.20428

.2764597
15790.94
2.486126
10.80809

1
86830
72.56569
97.128

0
3810
59.90536
49.948

100
50
0

homicide_rates

150

Figure 1

20

30

40

50

60

70

GINI

Scatter plot with GINI coefficient as the independent variable and homicide rates as the
dependent variable

Figure 2

. reg GINI Unemployment_Rates GDP_Growth_Rate Latin_America GNI_per_capita percent_of_males urbanization

Source

SS

df

MS

Model
Residual

39611.4606
22235.9262

6
603

6601.9101
36.8754994

Total

61847.3868

609

101.555643

GINI

Coef.

Unemployment_Rates
GDP_Growth_Rate
Latin_America
GNI_per_capita
percent_of_males
urbanization
_cons

.2139307
-.0717764
13.9742
-.0000527
-.5718895
-.0291743
72.90224

Std. Err.
.0462342
.0582729
.7634235
.0000271
.0660739
.0222208
3.96937

Variable

VIF

1/VIF

urbanization
Latin_Amer~a
GNI_per_ca~a
percent_of~s
Unemployme~s
GDP_Growth~e

2.17
2.06
1.78
1.58
1.16
1.04

0.461399
0.486482
0.561241
0.632702
0.863756
0.963068

Mean VIF

1.63

Number of obs
F( 6,
603)
Prob > F
R-squared
Adj R-squared
Root MSE

t
4.63
-1.23
18.30
-1.95
-8.66
-1.31
18.37

P>|t|
0.000
0.219
0.000
0.052
0.000
0.190
0.000

=
=
=
=
=
=

610
179.03
0.0000
0.6405
0.6369
6.0725

[95% Conf. Interval]

.123131
-.1862189
12.47491
-.0001058
-.7016524
-.0728138
65.10677

.3047304
.042666
15.47349
4.79e-07
-.4421265
.0144651
80.69771

Figure 2 displays the auxiliary regression with the GINI coefficient as the dependent variable
and unemployment rates, GDP growth rate, Latin American dummy, GNI per capita, percent
of population that is male, and urbanization. Also the VIF are listed

Figure 3
. newey

ln_homicde GINI Unemployment_Rates GDP_Growth_Rate Latin_America GNI_per_capita percent_of_males urbanization,lag(0)

Regression with Newey-West standard errors

maximum lag: 0

ln_homicde

Coef.

GINI
Unemployment_Rates
GDP_Growth_Rate
Latin_America
GNI_per_capita
percent_of_males
urbanization
_cons

.0446277
-.0112341
-.0132959
.4826655
-.0000342
-.0299877
.0026285
2.019941

Newey-West
Std. Err.
.0049993
.0050308
.0065497
.1118839
3.27e-06
.0078123
.0026086
.5794619

Number of obs
F( 7,
602)
Prob > F

t
8.93
-2.23
-2.03
4.31
-10.44
-3.84
1.01
3.49

P>|t|
0.000
0.026
0.043
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.314
0.001

=
=
=

610
152.24
0.0000

[95% Conf. Interval]

.0348094
-.0211142
-.026159
.2629354
-.0000406
-.0453304
-.0024946
.8819283

.054446
-.0013541
-.0004328
.7023957
-.0000278
-.014645
.0077515
3.157953

Figure 3 shows the Newey West regression for Model I

Figure 4

2
1
-2

-1

Residuals

20000

40000
GNI_per_capita

60000

80000

Figure 4 shows the scatter plot of the residuals of GNI per capita
Figure 5

. reg sq_resid sq_Gini sq_Unemployment sq_GDP sq_Latin sq_GNI sq_percentmale sq_urbanization GINIxUnemp GINIxGDP GINIxLatin GINIxperofmale GI
> NIxGNI GINIxurban UnempxGDP UnempxLatin UnempxGNI Unempxpermale Unempxurban GDPxLatin GDPxpermales GDPxurban LatinxGNI Latinxurban permales
> xurban
Source

SS

df

MS

Model
Residual

23.679752
273.193647

24
585

.986656331
.466997687

Total

296.873399

609

.487476845

sq_resid

Coef.

sq_Gini
sq_Unemployment
sq_GDP
sq_Latin
sq_GNI
sq_percentmale
sq_urbanization
GINIxUnemp
GINIxGDP
GINIxLatin
GINIxperofmale
GINIxGNI
GINIxurban
UnempxGDP
UnempxLatin
UnempxGNI
Unempxpermale
Unempxurban
GDPxLatin
GDPxpermales
GDPxurban
LatinxGNI
Latinxurban
permalesxurban
_cons

-.0007134
-.000471
-9.39e-06
-1.214908
9.18e-11
-.0004453
-.0001842
.0012068
.0003849
.0165544
.0010634
-1.35e-07
-.0003017
-.0019207
-.0485011
-4.28e-07
-.0008337
.0005364
-.0495799
.0001744
.0003176
-.0001115
.0223965
.0004229
.3954098

Std. Err.
.0002966
.0005959
.000707
1.089543
1.12e-10
.0002524
.0001275
.0006707
.0008198
.0173497
.0004596
3.31e-07
.0003418
.0012147
.0238169
9.40e-07
.0007099
.0006015
.0266229
.0007004
.0005647
.0000306
.0100928
.000307
.3714351

Number of obs
F( 24,
585)
Prob > F
R-squared
Adj R-squared
Root MSE

t
-2.41
-0.79
-0.01
-1.12
0.82
-1.76
-1.45
1.80
0.47
0.95
2.31
-0.41
-0.88
-1.58
-2.04
-0.45
-1.17
0.89
-1.86
0.25
0.56
-3.64
2.22
1.38
1.06

P>|t|
0.016
0.430
0.989
0.265
0.412
0.078
0.149
0.072
0.639
0.340
0.021
0.683
0.378
0.114
0.042
0.649
0.241
0.373
0.063
0.803
0.574
0.000
0.027
0.169
0.288

=
=
=
=
=
=

610
2.11
0.0016
0.0798
0.0420
.68337

[95% Conf. Interval]

-.001296
-.0016413
-.0013979
-3.3548
-1.28e-10
-.000941
-.0004345
-.0001105
-.0012253
-.0175208
.0001608
-7.86e-07
-.000973
-.0043064
-.0952782
-2.27e-06
-.0022279
-.000645
-.101868
-.0012011
-.0007916
-.0001716
.002574
-.00018
-.3340989

-.0001308
.0006993
.0013791
.9249853
3.11e-10
.0000503
.0000661
.0025241
.001995
.0506296
.001966
5.15e-07
.0003696
.000465
-.001724
1.42e-06
.0005606
.0017177
.0027081
.0015499
.0014267
-.0000514
.042219
.0010258
1.124919

Figure 5 displays the regression used for the White test

Figure 6

. regress GINI Unemployment_Rates GDP_Growth_Rate Latin_America GNI_per_capita percent_of_males urbanization

Source

SS

df

MS

Model
Residual

4978.45977
2632.96867

6
162

829.743296
16.252893

Total

7611.42844

168

45.3061217

GINI

Coef.

Unemployment_Rates
GDP_Growth_Rate
Latin_America
GNI_per_capita
percent_of_males
urbanization
_cons

.3430637
.1349275
14.71197
-.0000447
-.7994567
.0607453
79.35569

Number of obs
F( 6,
162)
Prob > F
R-squared
Adj R-squared
Root MSE

Std. Err.
.0940077
.1023946
1.432903
.0000271
.1621057
.0383059
12.41341

P>|t|

3.65
1.32
10.27
-1.65
-4.93
1.59
6.39

0.000
0.189
0.000
0.101
0.000
0.115
0.000

=
=
=
=
=
=

169
51.05
0.0000
0.6541
0.6413
4.0315

[95% Conf. Interval]

.1574252
-.0672727
11.88239
-.0000982
-1.119569
-.0148979
54.84274

.5287021
.3371277
17.54154
8.80e-06
-.4793441
.1363885
103.8686

. vif
Variable

VIF

1/VIF

GNI_per_ca~a
urbanization
percent_of~s
Latin_Amer~a
Unemployme~s
GDP_Growth~e

1.89
1.77
1.68
1.62
1.44
1.08

0.528235
0.564407
0.595633
0.616488
0.692517
0.924996

Mean VIF

1.58

Figure 6 displays the auxiliary regression, for Model II with the GINI coefficient as the
dependent variable and unemployment rates, GDP growth rate, Latin American dummy, GNI
per capita, percent of population that is male, and urbanization. Also the VIF are listed.

Figure 7
. reg sq_resid sq_Gini sq_Unemployment sq_GDP sq_Latin sq_GNI sq_percentmale sq_urbanization GINIxUnemp GINIxGDP GINIxLatin GINIxperofmale GI
> NIxGNI GINIxurban UnempxGDP UnempxLatin UnempxGNI Unempxpermale Unempxurban GDPxLatin GDPxpermales GDPxurban LatinxGNI Latinxurban permales
> xurban
note: UnempxGNI omitted because of collinearity
Source

SS

df

MS

Model
Residual

9.24407947
23.9350439

23
145

.401916499
.165069268

Total

33.1791233

168

.197494782

sq_resid

Coef.

sq_Gini
sq_Unemployment
sq_GDP
sq_Latin
sq_GNI
sq_percentmale
sq_urbanization
GINIxUnemp
GINIxGDP
GINIxLatin
GINIxperofmale
GINIxGNI
GINIxurban
UnempxGDP
UnempxLatin
UnempxGNI
Unempxpermale
Unempxurban
GDPxLatin
GDPxpermales
GDPxurban
LatinxGNI
Latinxurban
permalesxurban
_cons

-.0000549
.0024842
.0065486
1.681219
1.40e-11
-.0002931
-.0001891
-.0074631
.0002038
-.050332
.0011552
1.53e-07
.0000349
-4.50e-07
.256993
0
.00006
.0027856
.029964
.0003005
-.000522
-6.65e-06
-.0130984
.0000831
-.3156002

Std. Err.
.0013734
.0021299
.0013249
4.034569
1.01e-10
.0003788
.0002491
.0027238
.0023186
.1048775
.0012212
4.14e-07
.0007857
1.10e-06
.1588229
(omitted)
.0012381
.0011789
.0728705
.0013295
.0010212
.0000906
.0797359
.0004549
.9170866

Number of obs
F( 23,
145)
Prob > F
R-squared
Adj R-squared
Root MSE

P>|t|

=
=
=
=
=
=

169
2.43
0.0008
0.2786
0.1642
.40629

[95% Conf. Interval]

-0.04
1.17
4.94
0.42
0.14
-0.77
-0.76
-2.74
0.09
-0.48
0.95
0.37
0.04
-0.41
1.62

0.968
0.245
0.000
0.678
0.891
0.440
0.449
0.007
0.930
0.632
0.346
0.713
0.965
0.682
0.108

-.0027694
-.0017255
.00393
-6.292943
-1.87e-10
-.0010418
-.0006815
-.0128466
-.0043787
-.257618
-.0012585
-6.66e-07
-.0015181
-2.62e-06
-.056914

.0026597
.0066939
.0091672
9.655381
2.15e-10
.0004556
.0003033
-.0020797
.0047863
.156954
.0035689
9.71e-07
.0015879
1.72e-06
.5709

0.05
2.36
0.41
0.23
-0.51
-0.07
-0.16
0.18
-0.34

0.961
0.019
0.682
0.821
0.610
0.942
0.870
0.855
0.731

-.0023871
.0004556
-.1140617
-.0023271
-.0025404
-.0001857
-.1706932
-.0008159
-2.128185

.0025072
.0051155
.1739896
.0029282
.0014964
.0001724
.1444964
.0009822
1.496984

Figure 5 displays the regression used for the White test

Figure 8
. regress lnhomicide Unemployment_Rates GINI GDP_Growth_Rate Latin_America GNI_per_capita percent_of_males urbanization if oecd==1
Source

SS

df

MS

Model
Residual

62.4764257
49.1975795

7
161

8.92520367
.305575028

Total

111.674005

168

.664726221

lnhomicide

Coef.

Unemployment_Rates
GINI
GDP_Growth_Rate
Latin_America
GNI_per_capita
percent_of_males
urbanization
_cons

-.0002665
.0370622
.0161346
.3942572
-.0000204
-.0664937
.0014597
4.142446

Std. Err.
.0134095
.010773
.0141152
.2524334
3.75e-06
.0238378
.005293
1.904728

Number of obs
F( 7,
161)
Prob > F
R-squared
Adj R-squared
Root MSE

t
-0.02
3.44
1.14
1.56
-5.45
-2.79
0.28
2.17

P>|t|

=
=
=
=
=
=

169
29.21
0.0000
0.5595
0.5403
.55279

[95% Conf. Interval]

0.984
0.001
0.255
0.120
0.000
0.006
0.783
0.031

-.0267477
.0157876
-.0117402
-.1042503
-.0000278
-.1135688
-.008993
.3809737

.0262147
.0583367
.0440093
.8927646
-.000013
-.0194187
.0119124
7.903918

Figure 8 shows the regression for Model II

Figure 9
List of Countries used for Model I
Argentina
Armenia
Australia
Austria
Azjerbaijan
Belgium
Benin
Bangladesh
Bulgaria
Belarus
Bolivia
Brazil
Bhutan
Canada
Switzerland
chile
China
Colombia
Cabo Verde
Costa Rica
Czech Republic
Germany
Denmark
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
Egypt
Spain

Jordan
Japan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kyrgyz
Lao PDR
Liberia
Sri Lanka
Lesotho
Lithuania
Lativa
Morroco
Moldova
Mexico
Macedonia
Montenegro
Mongolia
Malawai
Malaysia
Nambia
Nicaragua
Netherlands
Norway
Nepal
Pakistan
Panama
Peru

Ukraine
Uruguay
United States
Uzbekistan
Venezuela
Vietnam
Yemen
South Africa
Zambia

Estonia
Finland
France
United Kingdom
Georgia
Guniea
Greece
Guatemala
Guyana
Honduras
Croatia
Hungary
Indonesia
India
Ireland
Iraq
Iceland
Israel
Italy
Jamaica

Philippines
Poland
Paraguay
Romania
Russia
Sierra Leone
El Salvador
Serbia
Sao Tome and Principe
Slovak Republic
Slovenia
Sweden
Syrian Arab Republic
Thailand
Tajikistan
Turkemistan
Timor-Leste
Turkey
Tanzania
Uganda
Figure 10
List of Countries used for Model II

Australia

Norway

Austria

Poland

Belgium

Portugal

Canada

Slovak Republic

Chile

Slovenia

Czech Republic

Spain

Denmark

Sweden

Estonia

Switzerland

Finland

Turkey

France

United Kingdom

Germany

United States

Greece
Hungary
Iceland
Ireland

Isral
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Mexico
Netherlands
New Zealand