Patriotism Perverted, K. S. Papazian, 1934
Patriotism Perverted, K. S. Papazian, 1934
Patriotism Perverted, K. S. Papazian, 1934
Viewability:
Patriotism Perverted
A
Armenian RevolutionaryFederation,
the so-called
Dashnagtzoutune
$
By
K,
S.
PAPAZIAN
BOSTON
BAIKAR PRESS
1934
COPYRIGHT
1934
By K. S. PAPAZIAN
AH rights reserved
PREFACE
In
An understanding of
the purposes and the
This booklet,
hope,
will help
of
true
this
face
they
Dashnagtzoutune in its
political and moral character was rather difficult, as
society has had the agility of repeatedly changing its
and color with perfect ease of conscience.
At first
were nationalists diluted with socialism; then they
the
My
K.
Boston,
Generated on 2015-05-03 06:12 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015068636516
Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-google
May
Massachusetts.
10, 1934.
S.
Papazian.
THE BEGINNING
The Armenian Revolutionary Federation,
the so-called
idea
of
....
"His
M. Varandian, Vol. I,
Turkey."
the general
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
10
A. R. Federation",
page
118.
The
of
its
lot".
This
vagueness
and equivocation
This
vagueness
in the definition
ORGANIZATION
11
of
the
A. R. Federation.
The consolidation
of
revolutionary
societies was engineered by Christopher Mikaelian, Simon
Zavarian and Rostom Zorian, three leaders of ability and
these
various
ORGANIZATION
The organization
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
12
erland, and ruled its adherents with an iron hand and strict
The common members are not encouraged to
discipline.
communicate with each other or with Committees about
matters pertaining to the society. This has reduced criti
cism to a minimum and discouraged independent thinking.
Article 35 of the By-laws drawn up for the A. R.
Federation District of America, and published by "Hairenik Press" in Boston, 19 10, forbids communication between
individual members with the following words:
"
it is never permitted to a Dashnagtzagah *)
member to send circulars to members and committees".
On the other hand, the leaders and official bodies or
Committees can withhold important facts and information
from the rank and file, if they choose to do so.
The organization is rather oligarchical; and its follow
ers have been taught to accept, without any discussion, the
decrees and orders of the higher ups.
Dr. Jean Loris-Melikoff, a personal friend of Christopher Mikaelian and one
of the founders of the Dashnag society, speaks as follows :
"The truth is that the party was ruled by an oligarchy,
for whom the particular interests of the party came before
the interests of the people and the nation".
(La Revolu
tion Russe et les Nouvelles Republique Transcaucasiennes,
page 84, Liberairie Felix Alcan, Paris, 1920).
Section 7 of Article 57 of the By-laws for the American
District, printed in 19 10 by the "Hairenik" in Boston,
describes as follows some of the duties of the Central Com
mittee of America :
"To communicate to Committees, by means of cir
culars, such news received from the fields of activity of
our organization, (Turkey, Persia, Caucasus) that have
nothing to do with conspiracies . . ."
....
In this
of Dash-
TERRORISM
13
methods).
"b.
The centre comprising intellectuals who control
both wings.
"c.
The left wing, which is almost Bolshevist."
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
14
"It
is highly organized,
still plays
has agents
everywhere, and
"The opponents of
the Dashnagtzoutune
say that,
despite its patriotic work, it is only a relic of barbarism and
must be suppressed.
is a vital organ of
Armenian life, and that its vicious elements being the in
evitable product of former conditions, will be eradicated
as
order is restored.
"It
flicts".
Terrorism
in
order to
TERRORISM
15
is as follows:
"To wage fight, and to subject to terrorism the gov
ernment officials, the traitors, the betrayers, the usurers, and
Method No.
"To
and pillage".
At
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
16
....
All
TERRORISM
ment circles
....
17
Maksoud and
treat and punished the Armenian moths.
Karekin (alleged spies) were subjected to terrorism. The
same lot fell also on Baliozian, who continued, stubbornly,
to assist the police. His terror was organized by Hrach
himself (1902), and the terrorist was Bedros Azizof of
Vol. I.
Magnisa. ("History of the Dashnagtzoutune",
Page 450).
That terroristic methods were also used, in those early
days, within the ranks of Dashnag leaders for differences
of opinion and to satisfy personal grudges, is also admitted,
by Varandian himself, in his famous "History of the Dash
nagtzoutune", page 86.
"In the same year 1891 Gerektzian was killed in
Erzroum, by the decision of the local Central Committee
His "guilt" was, that he was against hasty revolu
tionary moves, he preached prudence, he advised that long
'Whoever is not with us, is our
preparations be made.
....
of Dashnagtzoutune
con
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
18
"Terroristic
....
acts, which,
19
expedition, in
which the newly organized Dashnagtzoutune had no part.
On the contrary, its leaders tried to dissuade Gougounian
from carrying out his plan, as a rash, premature and harm
ful move. They believed, at that time, that there should
be a more careful and general preparation for an uprising
against Turkey.
However, they soon discarded this more prudent policy
of action, and adopted the methods of sensational, sporadic
and partisan fights along the borders of Turkish Armenia.
This method was tried for a few years, but without the
desired results. European governments did not intervene
in favor of the Armenians who as a result of these forays
were subjected to more systematic and bitter persecution
The Hunchagist party had
by the Turks and the Kurds.
tried the same method of sensational acts and sporadic
fighting in Constantinople, Sassoun, Zeitoun and elsewhere,
and had failed to bring about European intervention.
They
as
had given up these methods
futile and harmful. The
Dashnag society thought it would succeed where others
had failed. Therefore it decided to carry the fight into
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
20
Turkish capital,
III).
(See appendix
an attack
"
....
21
....
disastrous methods.
the result of
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
22
Mazrik
peasants.
To
The rebellion of
madian.
the
heroic
23
24
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
* *
the earliest
local leaders
preached self
future. They
Armenian revolutionary
society,
who believed only in patriotism
defense and tried to prepare the
afterwards joined the Ramgavar
25
Tiflis,
tune', and adds immediately, "but the enemy was not vic
torious either". This last sentence is simply a bravado in
menian infidel can also strike back at its tyrants. Some real
fighters sprang up from among the people, who struck
terror into the hearts of the Turks. The prestige of various
revolutionary societies was built on the personal bravery
of these fighting patriots, who, like the great Antranik,
later symbolized the struggle of the Armenians for inde
pendence.
Here
"They
say, that
Dashnagtzoutune.
of
the
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
26
"It
....
ADHERENCE TO SOCIALISM
When the Russian Czar issued
a decree
in 1903, by
the property
ADHERENCE TO SOCIALISM
27
"
.... In Transcaucasia,
socialistic parties".
("A. R. Federation Has Nothing
More to Do", pages 7-8, by Hov. Kachaznouni, Vienna,
1923)These conflicts and also the first revolutionary move
ments that broke out in the Caucasus after the Russo-Japaneses War, threw the Armenian people and its organiza
tions into close contact with the Russian socialistic parties.
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
28
Many Dashnag
tion
passed
unanimously,
"To
"(Soon
Paris, 1932).
stop there.
When
the
ADHERENCE TO SOCIALISM
the program of social-revolution,
some
29
"At
the Convention of Vienna, in 1907, the Dashnagtzoutune adopted the Caucasian Program, that is to say it
renounced its real aim, which was the liberation of the Ar
menian people of Turkey, in order to pursue pan-human
purposes.
"This, to a certain extent, meant the burial of the
Turkish-Armenian
"For
cause.
"Then
Do
heads.
....
as
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
30
revolutionary societies.
Formerly the activities of the Dashnagtzoutune were
tolerated in Caucasian Armenia by the authorities, as they
were directed against Turkey only.
Now the Czar and
his ministers saw a great danger in their presence on Russian
soil.
The leaders were arrested, exiled and persecuted.
The Dashnags, according to their grandiloquence, were
fighting the powers of both the Sultan and the Czar. But
the position of the Armenians in the Caucasus became un
tenable, and the revolution was deprived of its only base
where the operations against Turkey could be organized
and started. On the other hand, European socialism failed
31
following:
The abandonment
1.
See Appendix
III.
32
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
33
His Holiness,
in August 1906 at
Echmiadzin, and was solemnly opened by His Holiness the
Catholicos. The overwhelming majority of the lay dele
gates being Dashnags, these took charge of the affairs,
ignored the ecclesiastical nature of the gathering, drowned
the voice of the clerical members, and changed the assembly
into a political meeting.
Archbishop Ormanian,
of this meeting as follows :
met
in his "Azkabadoum",
speaks
problems, which had been set for them, and began to invade
other spheres
The Armenian Church and the clergy
were declared to be harmful to the Armenian people; an-,
tichurch feeling was aroused; a campaign was declared
against the ministers of the church. Even the authority of
the Catholicos was scorned, notwithstanding the fact that
their existence and activities originated in him." (Orman
ian, "Azkabadoum", pages 5323, 5324, 5325, 5326).
....
34
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
the church in
Turkish Armenia,
35
by an anti-religious
tematically in the Dashnag daily and periodical
publica
tions.
Being newly converted socialists, they represented
everything religious and ecclesiastical as reactionary and
medieval anachronisms.
Unfortunately, many were the
Armenian youths who followed these teachings; and faith
in religion, respect for paternal authority and other solid
social ideals in the hearts of many of the young generation
were undermined.
such ex
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
36
37
38
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
be
the Russian-Armenians.
39
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
40
THE REPUBLIC
curious twist of Turkish and German diplomacy,
the Armenians were forced to declare the independence of
Russian Armenia, which was recognized by the Turks in
June 19 1 8, by the Treaty of Batoum. Turkish defeats at
Karakilisa and Sardarabad, and the stiffening resistance of
the Armenians were important factors in this recognition;
but the main reason was, that the Turks wanted to separate
Armenia from Russia and deal with it at their pleasure at
a more convenient time.
Secondly, they did not want an
enemy army in their rear during their advance towards
Bakou and the rich oil fields.
The Dashnag party found itself in the saddle. A
ministry and parliament were formed, in which the DashHowever, being
nags were the overwhelming majority.
By
THE REPUBLIC
41
follows
is unfortunately
by
methods, which are always liable to pre
Dashnagtzoutune
cipitate trouble".
H. Kachaznouni,
the
affected
....
the government.
"
This
work of forming
state
these
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
42
"In Armenia
In internal affairs,
THE REPUBLIC
43
i93o)In
Externally.
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
44
"It
H.
of 4 or 5 months
as a state, and already we were engaged in war; while the
And
country had thousands of ills that needed attention.
we waged war against a neighbor with whom we had the
greatest need of allying ourselves closely. Wasn't Georgia
our only avenue for keeping in touch with the civilized
world?
Independently of the attitude of Georgia,
which was doubtless to be condemned, no little part has
an existence
....
the
the
If we
THE REPUBLIC
45
H. Kachaznouni,
2.
41).
The arrogant attitude of
page
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
46
ARMENIAN CAUSE
The so-called "Armenian Cause", was centered on the
issue of reforms for the Armenian provinces in Turkey;
in other words, it was a demand on the part of the West
ern Armenians that they be protected from oppression and
be given some measure of limited autonomy.
This demand
of the Armenians was recognized internationally by the
6 1 st Article of the treaty of Berlin, which the great powers
and Turkey had signed in 1878, after the Russo-Turkish
war*). Internationally, therefore, the Armenian Cause,
was the cause of the liberation of the Armenians of Turkey.
~\
See Appendix
III.
A BODY BLOW
47
This proclamation
It
till
then.
the Peoples
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
48
Western Armenians.
On the diplomatic front, the Act of May 28 created
confusion both among our representatives and in the minds
of the allied powers. The Armenian question was at first
the problem of the liberation of Turkish Armenia, which
the allies had promised and for which the efforts of the
Now, the
Western Armenians had created the basis.
Armenian question was something else. Accordingly, the
allied powers saw in this Act of May 28, an easy way out
of a difficult problem. Instead of liberating Western Ar
menia, and organizing it into a seperate state, they decided
to add some of the provinces of Turkish Armenia to the
Generated on 2015-05-03 06:43 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015068636516
Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd-google
Sevres
treaty*). However, they also attached a joker; that the
final solution of the entire problem depended upon the
course of the Russian revolution.
The cause of the freedom of Western Armenia was
thus killed by Dashnag intolerance and intrigue.
The
treaty of Sevres which recognized Armenia, at the same
time, denied freedom to Western Armenia. It was signed
by the representatives of the Republic at Erivan, on Aug.
10, 1920.
The same men were to repudiate the Sevres
treaty and the claims of Armenians in Turkey by signing
the treaty of Alexandropol on Dec. 2, 1920.
existing Republic.
*)
See
Appendix
VI.
the
DISASTER
49
DISASTER
50
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
rebellion
51
ACTIVITIES IN EXILE
came out
52
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
and frustrated by
DISSATISFACTION
53
For
54
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
More to Do."
After publishing his booklet, in which
he tried to prove,
has no more ground for existence,
that Dashnagtzoutune
and advising it to disband and support Armenia, Kachaz
nouni went over to Erivan and tendered his services to the
His example was followed by
Armenian government.
many others, who were all "traitors", of course, for the
Dashnag high command.
Soon it dawned on the more nationalistic elements in
the rank and file of the party, that the present Armenia
was really the beginning of a political future for the Ar
menian people; and they put a demand that the party stop
its enmity to Soviet Armenia.
Convention after convention failed to satisfy this de
mand and finally many groups left the party and organized
separately or joined the other parties friendly to Armenia.
The most serious schism came two years ago, when almost
the entire Dashnag organization in France came out openly
against the policies of the Central Bureau.
55
by the Dashnagtzoutune
at the present Soviet Armenia is that, it is not independent,
and it is a communistic and not a national government.
These criticisms
pendence.
As to
perfectly
nagtzoutune.
If
Their
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
56
once.
in Boston, by the
Under the
"Led
we read:
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
"Transcaucasia
shall send its representatives to
the federal Parliament of Russia, elected in the
same manner.
"The Transcaucasian Republic shall be divided
into cantons, enjoying the widest self-rule.
The
communities likewise shall have self-rule in purely
communal affairs.
"In deciding the boundaries of the cantons, the
geographical and cultural characteristics of the
population shall be taken into consideration, in
order to form as homogenous units as possible.
"All the legislative, judicial and executive bodies
as well as the officials shall be elected by the
people, according to the above mentioned system.
"Direct legislation,
57
and initiative."
Even a casual comparison of the above articles of
the Dashnag program with the present reality of Armenia,
will make it clear, that these demands of the A. R. Fed
eration are more than fulfilled. While the very name of
Armenia is eliminated from the above demands, it forms
today not a canton of Transcaucasia, but one of the fed
erated republics of Transcaucasia, and is united to the
central Union of the Soviets, and enjoys freedom for cul
tivating its own national life and culture.
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
58
Holy
See.
Holy
propaganda
for moving
59
has not fallen under this accusation, and who has not been
II).
shall mention only one notorious example of Dashnag insolence in dealing with church authorities who fail
to please them.
Patriarch Sahag of the Armenians in
Syria, was bitterly denounced by Housaper, the Dashnag
official organ of Cairo, Egypt, because of a recent encyclical
in which His Holiness exhorted his flock to refrain from
acts of violence and to cultivate brotherly love.
The oc
casion for this pastoral letter, was the assassination in
Beirult, last October, of one Aghazarian, a bitter opponent
of the Dashnags. Neither the said murder, nor the DashBut
nagtzoutune were mentioned in the pastoral letter.
the Housaper, denounced vehemently this "Cawing of 111
Omen", and closed its editorial with the following inflam
matory remarks:
"
the gontag (pastoral letter) of the Patri
arch is wicked.
"It is a cawing of ill omen, that threatens our
people, who long for peace, with the dangers of new
schisms.
be
spect?
"Let your
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
60
It
The immediate
flag of the defunct
for
of
these countries.
61
The
an excuse
Led
by
62
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
Hairenik, their
central
as the
agent
of the Soviet
The overwhelming
He ordered
63
materially.
virulent editorial entitled, "A Masterpiece of
Pharisaism", Hairenik hurled blasphemy and insult at the
late Prelate, who had published a pastoral letter for the
Christmas season, exhorting his people to cast away hatred
and selfishness and cultivate brotherly love and forgiveness.
In
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
64
The Boston
months
preached hatred against the Prelate, and had inflamed
the passions of its followers to white heat, came out with
a brazen editorial in its issue of December 27th, 1933,
and expressed the wish that the blood of the Archbishop
would "Finally bring to their senses all those who incite
and inflame the passions of the masses" . With the same
breath, the Dashnag sheet blamed the Cheka Soviet
secret police and the opponents of the Armenian Revolu
tionary Federation, for the unfortunate situation. "More
over, said the Hairenik, the opponents of the A. R. F.
gradually became very rash and reckless in their inciting
and intransigeant conduct, and in a precipitous manner,
brought upon us the stormy reality in which we are found".
The above sentences can only mean one thing, that those
who dare to oppose the Dashnag society are bound to suffer
punishment and physical injury. Such language and men
tality are becoming only to the Italian Mafia and the
underworld gangsters.
six
Not
in
it,
words.
"//
Of
excuses,
the
Dashnagtzoutune
had
plenty,
of
course.
wave
Armenian
mighty
is,
communities
65
66
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
CONCLUSION
Dashnagtzoutune was organized for liberating Turk
Its leaders, all Armenians from the Cau
ish Armenia.
casus, failed to take into consideration the peculiar political
and social conditions under which the Armenian people lived
in Turkey; and their insurrectional attempts and methods
were used as excuses by the Turkish authorities for mas
sacres and renewed oppression.
Its opportunism, its internal corruption and terroristic
methods prevented the best Armenian elements from join
ing the movement for Armenian independence; while its
adherence to the Russian socialism created confusion and
wasted much precious energy in the maelstrom of the
Russian revolution.
Its high handed acts in dealing with the instituted
Armenian authorities in Turkey, created internal quarrels
and prevented the formation of a unified front against the
Turkish government before the world war, and in the al
lied conferences, after the war, thereby preventing the
solution of the Turkish Armenian question independently
of the course of the Russian revolution. This failure was
consummated in the treaty of Sevres. By their signing
this treaty themselves, instead of the Armenian National
Delegation, the rightful representatives of the Armenians
in Turkey, the Dashnag government of the Armenian Re
public invited the Turkish attack on itself and hastened its
own downfall.
The former ministers and officials of the Armenian
Republic fomented internal dissensions and quarrels wher
ever they went, in order to impose their will on the Ar
menian people and its institutions.
Being always believers
in terroristic methods, the Dashnag leaders encouraged
CONCLUSION
67
of
the nucleus
as
civilized world.
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
68
APPENDIX I
A partial list of Armenian victims of terrorism.
Isahag Jamharian, a wealthy Moscow millionaire,
stabbed to death in 1902, within the enclosure of the Armenian
church at Moscow, by the agents of a group who had previously
abducted him and tried to extort money. ('History of the Dash
nagtzoutune',' by M. Varandian, pages 325-326-327).
2.
Mateos Baliozian, a wealthy Armenian merchant of
Smyrna, was murdered in 1902, by one Horen Sarkisian, a mem
ber of the Dashnag secret group. ('History of the Dashnagtzoutune', by M. Varandian, page 450). Baliozian was accused of
betraying Armenian revolutionists to the Turkish government.
This suspicion had no basis. The more probable motive of his
murder was that he would not give financial aid to local revolu
tionary chieftains.
1.
3.
Mihran,
gang attacked the monastery one night, dragged the abbot and
his secretary out, shot them first and then stabbed them to
death.
The bodies were then cut to pieces and thrown on the
shores of lake Van. Arsen Vartabed was a saintly and patriotic
clergyman. He had opposed the designs of Ishkan , who wanted
APPENDIX
69
8.
9.
Hampartzoum Arakelian, the well known 70 year old
editor of the journal "Mushag" of Tiflis, and a powerful and re
lentless foe of the Armenian Revolutionary
Federation, whose
biting pen and sarcasm had mercifully lashed the Dashnag stu
pidity and arbitrariness for many years, was one night stabbed
and killed in his bed by terrorists. He had often been branded as
a 'traitor' by the Dashnag papers.
Popular opinion blamed the
Tiflis Committee of the Dashnags for this crime, which was fol
lowed as usual, by a campaign of falsification and calumny in the
Dashnag press throughout the world. This was in 1918.
Garjigian,
70
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
APPENDIX
71
APPENDIX II
Armenian Churchmen Persecuted by the
Armenian Revolutionary Federation
Archbishop Leon Tourian, who was brutally murdered on
Dec. 24, 1933, in the Armenian Holy Cross Church of New York,
allegedly by Dashnag terrorists, was not the only churchman
of high rank persecuted by the Armenian Revolutionary Fed
This society waged a campaign of calumny and
eration.
persecution against all those leaders of the Armenian people,
who would not allow the exploitation of the church and thip
This campaign
national institutions by the Dashnag trespassers.
existed for some time, but assumed a more violent character in
the last few years.
The following
being
persecuted
72
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
his confidence
APPENDIX
73
against him. Housaper, the Dashnag paper in Egypt, and all its
colleagues, insulted and columnized the Prelate in a most infamous
manner. They even organized an attack on the Prelacy; they
represented him as a Bolshevik to the Egyptian government, and
did everything within their power to prevent his being chosen
to the Patriarchate of Jerusalem.
His Holiness Khoren I, Catholicos of All the Armenians was
also subjected to attack by the Dashnag press. His first Gontag,
The
(encyclical) was declared to be "inspired by the Cheka".
Pontiff was represented as a "man-machine" and his orders and
instructions were declared to be void and without any value.
The Dashnag press openly preached rebellion against the execu
tion of those orders. This was done in the name of "popular
His Holiness the Catholicos and the Supreme Spiritual
rights".
Council were all represented, continually, as the agents of the
Cheka, and Echmiadzin was declared to be a nest of the Bol
shevik secret police.
The editorials of "Hairenik", the Boston
organ of the Dashnagtzoutune, have been filled with these mis
representations for the last six months.
His Holiness Sahak, Catholicos of Cilicia, now established in
Antilyas, near Beirut, Syria, was also subjected to an infamous
attack by "Housaper", the Dashnag paper of Cairo, Egypt.
After the unfortunate murder of Mihran Agazarian in Beirut
last October, His Holiness published a pastoral letter, inviting
his flock to be calm and peaceful, observe brotherly love, refrain
from acts of violence and be law-abiding citizens of the land
where they have taken refuge.
In its issue of Dec. 6, 1933,
"Housaper" denounces this Pastoral letter as a "Cawing of 111
Omen", and insults the 85 year old Patriarch as "wicked", as one
who was raised to his office by the Sultan, and as "one who incites
national disruption".
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
74
APPENDIX
The
6i
III
treaty.
Here is that Article
"The Sublime Port (meaning Turkey) undertakes to carry
out, without further delay, the improvements and reforms de
manded by local requirements in the provinces inhabited by
Armenians, and to guarantee their security against the Circassians
and Kurds. The Sublime Port will, periodically, make known the
steps taken to this effect to the Powers, who will superintend
their application."
APPENDIX IV
The Treaty of Alexandropol
The text of the treaty signed between the Armenian delega
tion and the Turks at Alexandropol, has never been published by
those who were responsible for it. Neither Mr. A. Khatisian, the
head of the delegation that signed the treaty, nor Mr. S. Vratzian, the head of the Armenian government of the time, who have
both written voluminous histories of the Armenian Republic, em
This omission may
body the text of the treaty in their books.
be due to the consciousness of guilt and shame in their hearts.
The following is a translation of the document as it was pub
lished in the Turkish press:
Article 3 As it is evident from Turkish, Russian and all
other world-statistics, and from the established social situation,
we again, at this occasion, confirm that there is no territory within
APPENDIX
75
country.
Article
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
76
ii
APPENDIX
Article
77
agrees to consider as
null and void all those stipulations of treaties she has signed
with any power, which relate to Turkey and are harmful to the
interests
15
of Turkey.
APPENDIX V
Vratzian's Appeal to the Turks for Military Aid
As the president of the Armenian government, Simon Vratzian sent an urgent appeal to the Turkish government, asking that
military supplies and Turkish troops be sent into Armenia, to
help the rebel government fight its Armenian adversaries. The
official document was handed to Behaeddin, the representative
in Erivan of the Turkish high command, to be forwarded to
Angora.
Here is the text
"Please forward the present request promptly to your high
authorities, and as I have explained to you, urge on them for an
immediate answer.
"The fight of Armenia against the bolsheviks, and for its
own freedom and independence, serves, as we are convinced, not
only Armenia itself, but also the interests of all the nations of
the Near East.
"For this reason, Armenia hopes, that during this fight she
will receive help from her neighbors, and first of all the interests
of the Turkish people also require that Armenia should come
victorious out of this fight and remain independent.
"Relying on this conviction, the Armenian government re
quests the government of the Grand National Assembly of Tur
key, that, in the name of the mutual interests of the two peoples,
and as speedily as possible, it
1.
"Return
2. "Give the
PATRIOTISM PERVERTED
78
"Communicate
Respectfully
SIMON VRATZIAN
Erivan,
March
Government.
18, 1921.
APPENDIX VI
APPENDIX
79
If
Collection
Labadie
DS
at