SECURE -2014

(10th 15th Nov 14)

[The Undercover Group]

10th Nov 2014

GS3
Q1) In 2013 SEBI released new draft policy on insider trading norms after two decades. Examine
why there is a need for new policy on insider trading.
Main Article: http://www.business-standard.com/article/markets/sebi-to-clear-milder-versionof-draft-insider-trading-norms-114110900155_1.html
Ans:
Insider trading is leaking of confidential information of the company (Like investment, Merger
and Acquisition etc) which results in windfall profit to someone. This has been banned by SEBI
due to following reasons:1. It discourages investment which has cascading effect on market capitalization.
2. Promotes irrational economic speculation.
3. Questions the role of regulator and its functioning
4.Curtails level playing field between companies and investor both.
5. Above all, discourages Foreign investment which helps to boost our Forex reserves
6.In extreme situation may even collapse the market capital.
The new policy by SEBI will help in
1. Better financial discipline
2. Increased compliance
3.fair and free competition
4.Improve investment opportunities especially for small investors.
5. Eliminate uncertainty which is indispensable for India.
Thus, it is an inch towards miles for boosting countrys capital market.

Q2) Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral disease, has been estimated to be a billion-dollar burden
every year in India, according to a study. Examine why its prevalent in India is high and what
treatments are available to treat this disease.
Main Article: http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/dengue-drug-can-givesanofi-1-bn-india-biz-114111000045_1.html
Ans:
Dengue is the fastest growing vector-borne disease. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictos being
the mosquito vectors carry the parasite thus facilitating the spreading of dengue. World Health
Organisation is much concerned with about 100 million cases globally every year. India shares a
major portion of these cases, most of which go under-reported. The main reasons for its high
prevalence in India are:
1. Rapid and poorly planned urbanisation
2. Globalisation

3. Consumerism
4. Poor solid waste management
5. Inefficient drainage system
6. Lack of basic health services
7. Lack of sanitation and drinking water
8. Lack of awareness among community
These, directly or indirectly, give rise to mosquito breeding habitats. Though
discovered in 1950s, dengue has no vaccine yet. A vaccine candidate CYD 15 is
at its final stage and expected by next year. Currently, it is treated by pain relievers and
suggested intake of fluids in most of the cases. Blood or platelets transfusion is also done in
severe cases.
Using mosquito repellents, wearing light colored clothes covering whole body,
covering doors and windows with mosquito nets, clearing stagnant water are some
steps prescribed by the WHO to prevent this disease
GS3
Q3) Since India introduced economic reforms it has been witnessing jobless growth. Examine
why and what should be done to address this?
Main Article: http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/jobless-growth-castsshadow-over-g20-s-target-suresh-prabhu-114111000058_1.html
Ans:
The theory of trickle down effect of 1991 reforms has failed to introduced a model of job and
growth.This is so because:1.Labor intensive sectors like Leather, cotton, jute etc are not promoted equally.
2.Modernization and mechanization increased layoffs and downsizing.
3.Poor skill available to youth created hurdles as new reforms were skill oriented and demanded
proficiency.
4.Reduced government expenditure on employment generation programme prior to 2005.
5.External factors like South East Asia crisis 98, global melt down, European recession, sub prime
crisis of US etc.
6. More investment in FPI than FDI which is hot money and doesn't generate employment.
Suggestions:1.Promotion of skill development through vocational education.
2.Increased priority sector lending share to MSME and other labor intensive services.
3.Risk mitigation and financial disaster preparedness on Chinese lines of increasing Forex
reserves and increased regulations.
4.Promotion of green field projects in FDI.

5.Revamping NAREGA to increase Labor to material ratio.

6.Foster self employment and SHGs
GS2
Q4)There is a new proposal to replace Minimum Support Price mechanism by an income
support based policy regime where farmers would be given a lump sum amount as income
support, inclusive of all farm subsidies (fertiliser, power and others), on a graded per hectare
basis. Critically discuss the problems of MSP policy and explain how the new proposed regime
will be helpful to both farmers and the economy.
Article:http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/moving-towards-incometransfers-114111000072_1.html
Ans:
Problems with the MSP policy:
It is benefitting only the prosperous farmer class.(A vulnerable farmer barely surviving on
agricultural produce does not contribute to the surplus production)
The assurance of a minimum price incentivise farmer to go for rice and wheat (higher MSPs for
wheat and rice compared to other crops)and diversification of Indian Agricultural market is
hampered.
Food prices go up(Poor consumers are unable to buy food for themselves .Hence India performs
badly in Hunger Index)
Unnecessary subsidy culture is promoted(heavy burden on exchequer)
The continuous depletion of ground-water in North India (Punjab) because of overexploitation
due to extensive rice cultivation (which is a water intensive crop)
Income Based Policy (+points)
Subsidy would be provided irrespective of the crop sown, would induce farmers to shift to crops
based on market signals
Shifts in production of vegetables and fruits would ease pressure on food inflation
Highly Beneficial for vulnerable farmers, would lead to reverse migration and reduce pressure on
cities.
Would take care of the objections raised by the WTO since the income support is not considered
as trade distorting
The new policy along with DBT, Aadhaar, PMJDY would help rationalising food and fertiliser
subsidy through better targeting and creating a platform to facilitate a shift towards cash
transfers.
Limiting the role of FCI to procure and maintain food grain and more participation by private
sector would be beneficial and lower the subsidy burden
Q5). Critically discuss the relationship between China and Japan and explain why good
relationship between these two countries is good for India and rest of the Asia.
Main Article: http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/william-pesek-how-much-isthis-handshake-worth-114110900825_1.html
Points:
The leaders of China and Japan have met for formal talks after more than two years of
severe tension over a territorial dispute.

 disagreements over territory and

history remain as bitter as ever.
Relations between China and Japan
have long been soured by a row
over islands in the East China Sea.
The uninhabited but strategically important
islands, known as Diaoyu by China and
Senkaku by Japan, are controlled
by Japan but also claimed by
China.
the two sides agreed to work to
prevent the territorial dispute from escalating
they had agreed to start preparations to establish a maritime crisis mechanism.
AnsChina and Japan are one of the most prosperous countries in the world, but they share
tense relations dating back to the times of WW2. China is rising to a world power and Japan is a
developed country, if they both come together the relationship will help the neighbouring Asian
countries too. Though the citizens of both the countries are not happy with their growing
friendliness, however it is being seen as a positive step by others.
The south- Asian and south-east Asian region has a lot of potential to develop into the most
prosperous region in the world; the coming together of the two countries will boost the process.
The infrastructural development of the region can be quickened by the financial stimulation of
China and Japan. It can also help the other Asian countries including India to counter the
problems like Terrorism, extremism, separatism, economic uncertainty, piracy etc., which are
being faced usually.
As another major player India also has its stake in this region. Though we have made huge
benefits via many bilateral and trade pacts with both nations, it is utmost imperative not to
enhance relationship with one country at the cost of other. Civil nuclear cooperation with Japan
is as important as trade enhancement with China. So being a neutral nation, leveraging the
potential of both countries for mutual benefits will bring India very major power in coming
decades.
GS3
Q6) Equity is a pre-requisite for an effective agreement on climate change. Critically comment
with reference to Indias stand on the issue.
Main Article: http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/sunita-narain-be-proactive-onclimate-change-equity-114110900831_1.html
Ans:
Climate change is being discussed under auspices of UNFCCC where equity in action to combat
this problem of commons has been agreed as cornerstone for negotiations. Equity agreement
was reached in Durban conference in 2011 where developed countries agreed to setup a fund to

ease transition of LDCs to greener more efficient technology owing to their historical
responsibility.
The principle of equity is not yet agreed upon in national goals by each nations and time-frame
of 2015 has been agreed as setting it with operationlizing the plan by 2020. Recently EU
announced ambitious goals of cutting its GHG by 50% of level in 1990 by 2030 with 27% of
electricity generation from renewable sources. However other countries including India are yet
to come up with viable targets and plans.
India's historical stand of CBDR along with unity of LDCs has frayed recently with support from
China and other BASIC countries diverging from the issue due to their domestic public opinion
and pressure of international community. India too is facing international pressure to agree to
aggressive targets. India has to keep in minds the developmental needs of its huge population
which would require dependence on GHG and the pernicious effect from GHG and climate
change and need to adhere to agreed guiderails of 2C temperature rise to avoid catastrophic
effects.
It would require India a dialectic process driven internally with various stakeholders to come up
with sustainable plan which takes care of these seemingly opposite goals.
GS2
Q7) Examine how the internet can be used to bring better governance to the people. Also
examine what challenges exist in India to achieve this and how can they be overcome?
Main Article: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/imagine-a-future-whereeveryone-could-express-himself/article6581631.ece
Ans:
Internet is believed by several analysts as a precursor to Inclusive development anad Good
Governance. This is so by viz.
1.Promotes E-governance which provides simple and responsive services.
2.Eliminates human interface in service delivery thereby reducing corruption and mal practices
3.Ensures quick and timely delivery of goods and services
4.transcends geographical and social barriers.
5.Provides "Last mile connectivity" thus reaching poorest of the poor.
6. gives a platform for empowerment through information dissemination and awareness about
governmental programmes.
7. Caters to essential services like Tele education, tele medicine etc.
8.Foster national integration and nation building by seamless flow of opinions and views via
Social media.
9 Above all, brings inclusive development
Hurdles:1.Inadequate infrastructure which needs to be expanded.
2. E literacy i.e. awareness and skill to handle internet is missing.
3.Digital divide between large urban -rural population.

Governmental efforts:1.National e-gov plan

2.Digital India
3.National optic fiber cable
4.Installation as Cloud called MEGH RAJ for cloud computing.
Suggestions:1. Incentivizing infrastructure development by policies.
2. Increase avenues for PPP
3. Promote e literacy since school level
TOPIC: IR - GS3
Q8) Recently Mikhail Gorbachev warned that the world is on the brink of another Cold War.
With reference to developments taking place in Europe, comment on this prediction.
Main Article:
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/an-incomplete-process/article6581628.ece
Cold war was an ideological confrontation between erstwhile USSR and USA and resulted
inintense competition to control world opinion by weapon and military race, scientific feats
which brought the world to brink of war many times during Berlin blockade, Cuban missile crisis
etc.
Mikhail Gorbachev's warning that the world is on the brink of another cold war appearsto be a
bit too early though certain factors in Europe cloud the relations like:
a) Crimean Annexation: Russian annexation of Crimea earlier this year and its support to rebel
groups in Ukraine was viewed as a counter move to NATOs flexing its muscles in eastern blocks
in the form of strengthening economic interdependence. This added with recent confrontation
of USA and Russia over the issue of Syria andIran fuel the fire.
b) German Clout:German position is more loud and clear ever since the fall of berlin wall and
not just for economic prowess and deft diplomacy of Angela Merkel. The ceasefire in Ukraine
stands in danger of unraveling which may unfold new and unforeseen diplomatic equations.
However the chances of war are gleam because:
a) In the Pro-business world every nations policies areinfluenced by corporates who dont want
disturbances that mar their profits.
b) The world isled towards multi-polarity through rise of BRICS and regional association which
focus on economic growth and poverty alleviation. Emergence of India and China as neutral and
trade driven countries portray the change in priorities.

c) Russia is short of allies and European countries are reeling under debt, bankruptcy and
austerity measures.
d) Globalization and international trade through years has increased the prosperity manifolds
worldwide leading everyone to recognize importance of worldwide integration.
So it is impossible to say that world is movingtowards second cold war in the light of current
events but it signals the weakening US hegemony and Russian business with rise of multipolar
world.

GS2
Q9) The procedure for choosing a Secretary-General of the United Nations Organisation
adopted in 1946 is significantly outdated and incompatible with selecting the best
candidate. Examine.
Main Article: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/un-urged-to-end-secretdeals-horse-trading-in-chiefs-selection/article6581633.ece
Ans:
For the post of Secretary-General of UN, selection of the best candidate is the need of the time
as:
1.) He holds a key position
-> he is head of UN secretariat
-> Spokesman of UN
-> draws attention of security council to any threat
perception.
->hold meetings of various UN organs.
2.)He has to face increasing challenges world over related with civil wars , terrorism, regressive
development , natural disasters etc.
3.) He is a person with global leadership qualities and abilities to cooperate at international level.
The procedure of selection of general secretary:1.) UN Security Council members debate candidates and recommend to UN General Assembly
for selection.
2.) Five permanent members can veto the selection.
3.) No two consecutive members could belong to same region.
To address the need of the hour, the method is 'significantly outdated'
-> since 1946, it is same.
-> It is not transparent
-> All members of UNGA do not have their say in selection process.
-> Country like India representing one - sixth of world population have no say in selection
process.
There are various recent initiatives and campaigns like '1 for 7 billion' with the demand:1.) To end secret deals and horse trading. Make the process transparent.

2.) End the dominance of five permanent members as the current shift of power and economy is
not well addressed.
3.) for. -> official shortlist
-> open sessions for debate with all members having equal rights
Therefore, the old method of selection must be overhauled to address the aspirations of today's
world. At the same time, a candidate as universal as possible should be looked for.

11th Nov 2014

Q1) Do you think the Indian government, like Chinese, should support private Indian companies
to invest in foreign countries through diplomacy? Critically comment.
Main Article: http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/mittal-seeks-state-supportto-take-on-chinese-competition-abroad-114111100022_1.html
Ans:
In recent scenario of neo-liberal capitalist economy which is promoted by globalization and
greater integration through trade and investment in other countries there are two conflicting
views of state support for private companies and no support for private companies.
China has led its capitalist push and modernization of economy by SoE (state owned enterprises)
who receive massive amount of state support in forms of capital, subsidies and internationally
diplomatically heft of govt through aids and grants programs.
It has been internationally that aids and grants provided by countries like US and Japan com with
strings of obligations of reciprocity in terms of market access of preferential treatment to private
companies of their country.
Indian companies which are spreading their wings currently by investing in Africa for greater
returns and securing resources like OVL is securing hydrocarbon assets abroad for energy
security need Indian state backing overtly and subtly.
India enjoys lot of soft power advantage in nations of Africa and Central Asia which are resource
rich which leads to welcome of Indian companies, however due to lack of supporting govt
initiatives in terms of grants, aid, diplomatic backing the venture fail for example GMR was
pulled out of international airport contract in Male, which was later being developed in
collaboration with China.
Hence there is an acute need of greater state intervention for case of Indian companies going
abroad and too become successful as it would contribute to greater economic prosperity of
India, create employment at home and increased economic prowess would command
worldwide respect.

GS I - Social

Q2) Critically comment on India's progress in various social indicators post liberalization years.
Article: http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/40-years-ago-and-now-stilla-lot-of-ground-to-cover-on-social-indicators-114111100034_1.html
Ans -

India emerged as one of the largest economies in the world but its performance on various
socio-economic indicators has been far from satisfactory. Though India has moved forward with
tremendous progress, it still crawls compared to its neighbors.
Aggregate life expectancy in India rose sharply and Infant mortality rate in India has dropped
down considerably but nothing to celebrate in comparison to neighboring countries who have
achieved the same few decades ago. Also maternal mortality rate estimates are way behind the
UN Millennium Development Goals (MDG) target.
Moreover Indias rank remains unchanged in Human Development Report 2014, 135 out of 187
countries, despite significant acceleration on its road towards achieving MDG. Other SAARC and
BRICS countries like Sri Lanka (73) and Maldives (103) have pipped India in the rankings.
It could be argued that some of these countries have had levels of per capita income higher than
Indias for a long time, allowing them to improve their welfare indicators. But its simply not true
that India cannot afford to do far more for its people at current levels of income. If reforms to
open up the economy are put in place simultaneously, social spending need not be an obstacle
to growth.
Ans Some one has rightly said ,"If we want to see how much a country is developed, just see its
progress in social indicators and not just economic growth.".Social sector comprises of subsectors like Education, Health and Housing and Water Supply ,food securty. India ranks 135 outof
187 in recently released Human Development Report 2014.
INDIA PROGRESS IN SOCIAL INDICATORS :1)Education :-Increase in literacy of both male and females post has taken place post
reforms.Near 100 percent primary schooling enrollment has been achieved.But it has not kept
pace with the development of the human and physical infrastructure.Still there is wide gap in
pupil-teacher ratio.
2) Health :-India has improved a lot in health sector by bringing down the infant mortality rate to
42,under
5
mortality rate to 61, maternal mortality rate to 178 but its still far away from achieving MDG by
2015.Life Expectancy is 65 avg yr nw.But still half of the population is deprived of health facilities
due
to
lack
of
sufficient health infrastructure and professionals.
3)Housing:-Only31%of population is urban still . 40 % approx of the total populations lives in
pucca houses and large number of ppl still homeless..More then half of the population still
defaecates in open .

4)Food security :- India attained self sufficiency in food security long way and with the
improvment in PDS as well as through various food security programmes ,food is reaching the
poor people back but still per capita availability of food grains is in worst situation..Million
tonnes of grains gets wasted evry year in stocks rather then reaching the poor people. About 40
percent of under 5 children are malnourished still in india.
5)Gender Inequality Index:- Although there is increase in literacy ,financial inclusion
,employment percentage of females still India ranks way below then developed countries and
even few developing countries in Gender inequality index.
Though there is improvement in the social indicators as compared to the past but still we have miles
to go.
Only an increase in the economic growth is not the development of the nation. There is a need for
sustainable and inclusive strategy for social sector of India in order to achieve real development not
mere numbers and targets.

Q3) Write a note on direct sowing and drum sowing techniques of paddy cultivation.
Main Article: http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/surinder-sud-paddy-farming-aseeding-revolution-114111001380_1.html
Ans:
Agriculture is the greatest contributor of water resources in our country and paddy alone uses
half of this water. Rice is cultivated in two types namely, direct seeded rice and transplanted rice.
Due to low rainfall and water scarcity, it is critical to reduce water consumption in paddy
cultivation and direct seeding answers this issue in the following techniques:
-Direct seeded rice is of two types:
1. Dry rice cultivation
2. Wet rice cultivation
-In dry land cultivation, the seeds are hardened using KCl solution to induce drought tolerance
and they are sown by broadcasting, drilling (sowing in furrows) or dibbling (making a hole and
dropping seeds into it).
-Seed rate, spacing and sowing depth is adjusted according to the variety, duration of the crop
and soil fertility of the dry land.
DRUM SOWING:
-In wet lands, drum seeders are mostly used to sow the seeds in puddled soils since they reduce
the number of labors involved and could be completed in short time in comparison with
conventional methods.
-Drum sowing has disadvantages of eating away seeds sown by rats and birds or washing away
of seeds during heavy rain and so sprouted seeds that are soaked with water and kept in
darkness overnight the previous day are used.
-Seed rate, spacing and depth of sowing is not a problem if drum seeder is used as it is
mechanically fixed in the drum used.
-Thus, in wet lands drum seeder could be used for sowing paddy seeds if broadcasting or drilling
is not preferred.
Direct seeding technique is comparatively better than SRI (System of Rice Intensification) as SRI

involves huge labor and water for nursery preparation, transplanting, etc. MGNREGA posed a
labor constraint in many villages and hence direct seeding method is preferred by the farmers
nowadays.
Direct seeded plants have other advantages like early maturing and lack of seedling damage
(during transplantation in case of SRI) and hence gives a better yield. However there are some
negatives like crop-weed competition, lodging and more seed requirement. Yet, it is
comparatively low-cost and addresses environmental issues like limiting methane emission.

GS 3: Economy
Q4) Recently RBI tightened non-banking financial company (NBFC) rules. Examine why.
Main Article: http://www.business-standard.com/article/finance/rbi-tightens-norms-for-nbfcs114111100037_1.html
Ans:
A non banking financial company (NBFC) in India is a company registered under the companies
act, 1956 & involved in the business of loans & advances, acquisition of shares, stocks, govt.
securities, insurance business, chit funds etc. These institutions provide banking services but do
not hold a banking license.
In the light of various scams like Saradha chit fund and many others government felt the need to
tighten the norms for NBFCs.
(1)A lighter framework has been placed for NBFCs with small asset sizes, while those having
large asset sizes and all deposit accepting NBFCs the regulations have been harmonized with
banks.
(2)For NBFCs the time for consideration of loan as NPAs is higher than that of banks the new
norms ought to reduce the period in phased manner to bring it at par with the banks by March
31, 2018. The reason for opposition by NBFCs is that their borrowers come from un-organized
sectors and informal sections of economy.
There are some difficulties in repayment due to fuel price rise, insurance, but people dont let it
go into default.
(3) Banks get tax benefit on their provisioning but not NBFCs.
(4)The balance of norms will be a short term pain as the economy is picking up. This wont hurt
the NBFCs much.
These norms have been adopted to bring the balance of norms between banks and NBFCs, also
to avoid any further scam.

GS2(IR)
Q5) Recently USA and Afghanistan signed Bilateral Security Agreement between them. Comment
on its significance to the region and for India.
Main Article: http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/securing-kabul-2/99/
Ans:
From 1st country to back Societ backed Afghanistan to abyss of Taliban in 90s, India's
relationship with Afghanistan has gone many twists and turns. The region is important geoeconomically, geo-politically and geo-strategically.
Importance:1.Energy Security - Gateway to energy rich central Asia (Kazhakastan, Turkmenistan, Iran etc.)
.Eg. TAPI pipeline
2.Internal security - had been a volatile area due to Talibani (proxy war promoted by Pakistan)
presence in 90s thus peace and stability is quintessential for our Internal security.
3. Fits into India's foreign policy of establishing peaceful periphery around it. Af too sees India as
a counterweight to Pakistan.
4. Minerals and Iron ore exploration- Hazigak mines have economic importance for iron ore
production.
5.Delhi seeks Af to remain neutral on Kashmir issue.
India's efforts:1. Strategic partnership agreement.
2. Training and capacity building of Afghan National forces.
3. Educational and infrastructural support. eg. Zaranz delaram Highway construction and Salma
dam
4. Humanitarian aid and reconstruction.
5. India supported signing of Bilateral security agreement with NATO.
In short, Afghanistan is vital link for India's Internal security and peaceful existence.

GS2
Q6) There is a need for reform in the transmission and distribution architecture of the power
sector in India. In this direction, examine what has been done and what needs to be done.
Main Article: http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/powering-through/99/
Ans:
The power sector in India suffers a loss of 35% in Transmission and distribution. State
government Discoms are in the losses due to excessive tariff .There is an urgent need to reform
the structure of T&D architecture to curb the losses and to put it on the high trajectory of
growth.
Steps taken by government to reduce T&D
1. Accelerated Power Development & Reform Programme (APDRP) was launched for the
strengthening of Transmission and Distribution network and reduction in AT&C losses
2. R-ARDP to unplug the loop holes and overcome the inability to use
grants to upgrade the system under ARDP-states are linked with performance of reduction in
R&D to avail the funds.
3. Debt restructuring package of 1.90 lac crore to strengthen discoms.
4. Replaced old and outdated meters, stringent legal punishment to curb the theft, in-effective
billing.
5. Govt appointed BK Chaturvedi committes to give recommendations to reduce T&D
What Needs to be done 1.Discoms should take steps to attract private investment.
2. Govt should reduce tariff concessions irrespective of vote bank pressure
3. Implement BK Chaturvedi recommendation Acc to it, state governments will absorb 50% of
the debt of discoms and convert them into state government bonds. The other 50% will have to
be restructured by commercial banks by extending the tenure for repayment and a possible
moratorium on interest. RBI will have to step in and give concessions so that banks can continue
to lend to the sector.
4. Sensitize people against power theft and power usage. Use of technologies like digital meters,
efficient billing systems to reduce the theft.

GS2
Q7) What do you understand by Rule of Law? In the recent black money case, the doctrine of
Rule of Law was much debated. Examine why.
Main Article: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/the-question-of-the-sealedenvelope/article6585000.ece
Ans:
Rule of Law as enshrined in the constitution is the equal subjection of all citizens to the law of
the land. It forms a part of the basic structure doctrine of the constitution.
Debate of Rule of Law in the black money case:
Principle of Sovereignty vs Compliance with International Agreements
India has signed DTAA with 92 countries and is in the process of signing Tax information
exchange agreement with many other countries. India has to maintain the sanctity of the
confidentiality clause, failing to do so, will hurt Indias Right to Reputation. This differs from the
Indias sovereignty to be free from external influence.
Equality before Law Vs Right to privacy
Every citizen enjoys rights to hold money in foreign banks. Without knowing the authenticity of
this money stashed abroad, applying Rule of Law will be a direct violation of the Right to Privacy.
Authenticity of the data
The recent data of Indian account holders is a stolen data. Using such data to initiate
proceedings may set a bad precedence of arbitrariness which is against the Rule of Law.
The SC which is the guardian of the Rule of law has done the right thing by setting aside the data
to SIT, safeguarding both national interests and individual rights.

GS3
TOPIC: ECONOMY
Q8) "Some of Indias labour market regulations are a legacy of Fabian Socialism and colonial rule;
others are a product of postcolonial bureaucracy, disincentivising economic growth." Elaborate.
Main Article:http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/far-from-sunnyoptimism/article6585001.ece
Ans:
Indias labour laws are gift of British labour party ideologues and are restrictive in nature and
hurt investments in the manufacturing sector.

Indian policymakers went too far in their zeal and framed labour centric laws sometimes at the
cost of economic growth. Too many and too complicated laws favored Labour protection against
labour productivity. The existing laws favor political interference and bureaucratic red-tape.
a) The Industrial Disputes Act (1947):It has rigid provisions for layoffs, retrenchment and closure
of industrial establishments and is entangled with red tape. Iteven hampers closure when there
is a good reason to shut shop, or worker productivity is seriously low.
b) The Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act (1970):The change of jobnature of
employees has to be notified prior and also require the consent of the employees. Italong with
Inspector raj this hurts businesses.
c) Trade Union Act (1926) provides for the creation of trade unions where even outsiders can be
office-bearers. While the right of workers to associate is important intruders hurt investor faith
and restrict economic growth.
The Implications of the archaic laws are:
a)Lack of labour intensive industryand deterringFDI because retrenchment worries and
unproductive- skill deficient workers.
b) Employers have taken to hiring contract workers resulting in informalisation of the labour
markethampering workers well-being.
To ensure Make in India and achieve structural changes in our economy the following has to be
ensured:
a) Foreign players are provided a competitive climate and work culture with streamlining of
labour laws pertaining to hiring and firing and dispute resolution.
c) Flexible work hour and wageswith recent moves to facilitate training and apprenticeship
norms
d) Improving technological literacy and skill development.It is high time we make use of our
labour market a skilled pool and our industries world class.
Having said this,it has to be ensured this does not result in exploitation of workers. To balance
labour flexibility with their safety and rights is the right approach to grow sustainably.

GS3
Q9) Write a note on the UN Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS).
Main Article: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/migratory-birds-mammalsand-fish-get-new-un-protection/article6585004.ece
Ans:
Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals a.k.a CMS or Bonn
Convention aims at conservation of all types of terrestrial, marine and aviation migratory
species. It is an inter governmental treaty under the aegis of UNEP. Based at Bonn, it is under the
depository of Germany. Currently, it has around 100 members world over.
Some of its foundational features and working can be seen as:1.) Fundamental Principle:
-> acknowledge the importance of migratory species.
-> take action for conservation
-> avoid any migratory specie from becoming endangered
->Research works promotion and cooperation
->take collective endeavour in possible immediate protection
2.) It has explicitly proposed different road maps for
->Threatened species, and
-> Species requiring international cooperation
3.)It provides framework for:
->agreements which are legally binding, and
-> Memorandum of Understanding which are less formal
4.)Institutions for its functions:
a.) Secretariat -> it provides administrative support, fixes meeting and sends intimations.
-> it is based at Bonn
b.)Conference of Parties
->Principal decision making body
->Meets in 3 years and members are intimated 6 months before
c.) Committees
->Various committees are formed which help in policies and administrative guidance.
-> Its scientific council has experts in technical matters.

12th Nov 2014

Q1) Taliban is a necessary evil in Afghanistan. Critically comment.
Main Article: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/12/opinion/give-the-taliban-a-chance.html?
emc=edit_ae_20141111&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=49615428
Ans:
The US policy in Afghanistan has been marked by a lack of inclusivity and consultation with the
local population leading to their further alienation and political instability. It is in this context
that the Taliban is a a necessary evil at the moment but not in the long run.
An analysis of the socio-political situation in Afghanistan shows that the region is dominated by
clans and tribes and Kabul has no effective control over many far flung areas. In this situation it is
imperative for the newly emerging state to engage with these players in the fragmented polity to
ensure stability first before starting the rebuilding process.
Also in the current state the Taliban is itself in a highly dissociated state with no real semblance
of organisation. Hence Mr. Ashraf Ghani can leverage this situation and negotiate with local
commanders with flexibility.
However, there are concerns over the extreme religious views and administrative style of the
Taliban and a US presence in the negotiation process will serve to check their expansive
ambitions in the short term. But still in the long term the Taliban being a terrorist organisation
should be made to lay down arms and peacefully integrate with the national polity similar to the
experience of the Hezbollah.
This can be done in the following ways:
1. Cutting down the financial sources such as opium trade, smuggling etc
2. Engaging with Pakistan government to dismantle safe havens and training facilities in Pakistan
3. Taking advantage of the fragemented state of the Taliban and ensuring no further manpower
additions from other central asian extremist groups by closely monitoring the borders.
4. Adopting a long term plan to constructively engage with the Taliban and integrating them into
the nation building process as legitimate peaceful entities.
GS I World History
Q2) Twenty-five years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the biggest surprise is how badly most of
the post-communist nations have done since. Critically examine.
Article: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/the-legacy-offear/article6588525.ece

Ans
Berlin wall was symbolic of iron curtain representing totalitarian regimes of communist countries
of Eastern Europe lead by USSR. With collapse of Berlin wall marking the fall of communism in

Eastern Europe and ascent of these countries in neo-liberal capitalist and democratic system
marked an epoch for free market and democracy.
However not all countries have fared well and the high hopes of peace, prosperity has not been
fulfilled. Many eastern Europe countries are still waiting for the promise of ascension to
European Union which is contingent on them fulfilling budgetary and social Many countries saw
re-emergence of old elite with conservative repressive tendency under new system, for example
Viktor Orban PM of Hungary has successfully won multiple terms but has dictatorial tendency
and recently tried to tax internet leading to protests. In Greece neo-Nazi party came tantalizingly
close to power through elections due to recession and forced austerity. Moreover Baltic States
division along communal lines further worsened security scenario from communist days.
Economic problems abound in eastern European countries like Baltic states and former republics
of USSR where underdeveloped industrial base has resulted in sub par growth of economy.
Geographical sovereignty is also under threat of Eastern Europe as confirmed by annexation of
Crimea by Russia and confrontation in Ukraine with west.
Eastern European countries faced many problems due to forcing of values like neo-liberal free
economy democracy on unreformed society in hope it will spur change, however in many cases
it has resulted in democracy and capitalism converted to oligopoly and crony capitalism.
GS3(S&T)
Q3) What do you understand by Net Neutrality? Examine the issues involved.
Main Article: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/12/business/net-neutrality-debate-access-andcosts-are-top-issues.html?emc=edit_ae_20141111&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=49615428
Ans:
Net Neutrality is the principal that internet service providers and government should treat the
data equally without any discrimination or charging different based on customer, data, site or
any other reason.
Issues Involved:
1) Internet service providers and governments are deciding that what data is to be viewed by the
customer. Right to access information is curbed
2) Telecom companies seek to impose a tiered service model in
order to control the pipeline and thereby remove competition, create artificial scarcity, and
oblige subscribers to buy their otherwise uncompetitive services.
3) Some companies are using deep pocket inspection to discriminate against P2P, FTP and online
games to institute high charges

Some opponents of net neutrality argue that, data discrimination of some kind is necessary to
provide quality of service and providing the unlimited access to the netizens may have ill impacts
on society like children may access pornography, violence.
FCC (Federal communication service) argued for fair mechanism by giving two options.
1) Divide the broad band into slow and fast lines with varying charges with compromising net
neutrality
2) reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service,
thereby preserving net neutrality
GS2(IR)
Q4)Critically discuss with suitable examples how countries in Asia were influenced by India's
cultural heritage.
Article:http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/shyam-saran-the-knowledgesuperpower-114111101452_1.html
Ans:
Indian legacy is very rich in terms of intellectual & religious wealth. It has been the evolving
philosophical & conceptual basis for scientific principles but these lie scattered and fragmented
both in India & other parts of the world.
Few examples of countries in Asia influenced by India's cultural heritage:
India cultural heritage influence in the South East Asia
Today South East Asia is one of the Buddhist dominated regions. The seeds in this region were
sown in the past during Chola times. The striking example is Borobudur temple in java. In
countries like malaysia and cambodia ,Hinduism is vastly prevalent. Ex: Ankorvat temple in
Cambodia.
This cultural linkage have bought these countries in close relationship with India with examples
being India aid for rennovation of Ankorvat temple.This also led to re-establishment of Nalanda
university recently as a EAS venture.
India Cultural Heritage Influence in China
Buddhism spread to china through Chinese monks like Fa-Hein and HSuan Tsang pilgrimage to
buddhist shrines in India. This also led to the establishment of vibrant silk route .Recent
Announcement by Xi jinping to establish trade along silk route signify how India's cultural
heritage is even influencing today's economy
India Cultural Heritage In West Asia
The predominant language of the west Urdu owes its origin in India. Towering statue like
Bambiyan Buddha stands as an example of India's architectural footprint in the West. Trade
along Persian Gulf in the past was mainly due to India advanced Textiles. Notably the trade along
this route established still plays a critical role in west Asia economy.
Scientific temper was inculcated much before the modern age in India. Charaka and susruta's
achievements in medicine & surgery, Aryabhatta & Brahmagupta 's work in astronomy &
mathematics which went to central Asia during Islamic rule and then found way to Europe and
formed the basis for the renaissance in Europe.

#(include Martial Arts & Yoga in answer )

Recently there have been several controversies over distinction between legends and verifiable
facts. This must be avoided and efforts must be put forward to find the bits and pieces of our
intellectual, cultural & philosophical heritage by seeking access to the many repositories around
the world.
The rich legacy of legends must be surely enjoyed but the focus should be towards achieving
intellectual and philosophical heights that once made India the knowledge capital of the world.

GS3
Q5) Examine how the privatisation of public sector undertakings has been done since 1990s
economic reforms and what are their benefits?
Main Article: http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/bharats-other-ratnas/99/
Ans:
Since the time of Indepenence Public Sector Unit(PSU) has played an important role in economy
of India. After dominating 4 decades on the economic scene, the LPG reform of 1991 opened the
door for the privatisation of PSU. Till 1998 disinvestment of PSU's were not taken seriously,
though Maruti was disinvested to Suzuki.
Subsequent UPA tenure, especially from 2009-2014 have taken proper steps for disinvestment.
PSUs are regarded as the public wealth and a separate National Investment Fund was set up to
direct the accumulated fund for the social service and public use.
The carried out disinvestment policy also allows citizens to own part of shares of PSUs. The Govt
can sell up to 49% of stocks\ and holds the majority shareholdings. All cases of disinvestment
should be carried on point to point basis. To carry out disinvestment in a transparent and
smooth way Department of Disinvestment has been set up under Finance
Ministry. The observed benefits are as follows,
1. Though the number of loss making PSUs has grown up but the gross profit accumulated from
PSUs has increased.
2. Return on asset for PSU is better than the corporate sector.
3. In service sector, BSNL, MTNL has done well, more to be attributed to the better transparent
regulatory framework. Similar policy and framework s required in other sector also.
Moreover it has added professionalism in the stagnant PSUs which will prove good to the Indian
economy in the longer run.

Q6) What are the expected benefits of linking rivers in India? Are there any alternatives to reap
same benefits? Examine.
Main Article: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/uma-for-fasttracking-riverlinking/article6588569.ece
Ans:
Interlinking of rivers has been described critical for food security of India. It has following
benefits:1. It brings water deficit area under irrigation.
2. Increases net sown area hence productivity.
3. Eliminates uncertainty associated with monsoon.
4. Helps in socio-economic welfare of farmers.
5. Bolsters India's nutritional and food security by making it self sufficient.
6. Reduced interest subvention schemes by govt. during crop failures , thus decreases fiscal
burden.
Impact:1. Ecological repercussions may be severe.
2. Marine destruction.
Alternatives:1.Consolidate irrigation capacity of the country through construction of more canals, tanks etc.
2. Employing Bio technology to mitigate variations in climatic patterns.
3. Practice watershed management and water conservation through governmental support.
4. Desalination can also be an alternative as it is not prohibitively expensive and capacity for
desalinating water has also increased globally.
5. With the help of new techniques in agricultural practices that demand less water (like drip
irrigation), India could very well manage the water shortage.
Linking national rivers from Ganga to Kaveri is a behemoth project which has several perils
associated. Thus, instead of embarking on irreversible project, government should try to ensure
food security through other alternatives

GS2
Q7) The making of the new Middle East map can thus be understood, at least in part, as the
collapse of the post-Ottoman order. Discuss.
Main Article:
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/who-will-make-the-middle-easts-newmap/article6588526.ece
Ans:
The Middle East since World War I is the legacy of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, and the
efforts of the European powers to redraw it in their interests.The Middle East since World War I
is the legacy of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, and the efforts of the European powers to
redraw it in their interests.
New states were created by Britain and France to reward wartime allies, to protect key imperial
routes and to assure access to oil. But these new states rarely aligned with the tribal, religious or
other realities of the region.
New Middle East Map primarily refers to the emergence of ISIS in Iraq and Syria as a radical
political force which can eventually lead to disintegration of countries created after collapse of
Ottoman empire.
It seems likely that several of these countries will not survive. Syria and Iraq are foremost, but
places like Yemen and Libya are not far behind. They will probably become several smaller states
in the coming years, despite western policy preferences for their survival in their present form.
The Islamic State, Al Qaeda and others do not seek statehood as we understand it. Rather, they
seek to establish a new order based on a misreading of a mythical idea to bind a community of
believers together through common allegiance to religious precepts as to how society should
function.
The current western(US) policy that countries like Iraq, Syria and others should remain unified is
based on a fear that complicated new realities will emerge if they disintegrate.
The pace at which regime change and boundaries are getting altered time is not far when post
ottoman order will collapse given the fact that western policy of half hearted intervention.

Q8) Write a note on the aviation sector reforms that need to be implemented in India to
improve the sectors efficiency and performance.

Main Article: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/list-of-goodintentions/article6588522.ece

Ans:
If there is one sector that needs less government and more governance, it is aviation sector.
Aviation has remained stagnant during last 10 years. The challenges faced by it are following---1)Infrastructural woes-It is the biggest constraints in the growth of the Indian civil aviation.
2) Rising airline turbine fuel-ATF is much higher than international market. It account 45% of the
operational costs.
3)Congestion-Presently capacity constraints are reported in major cities. It leads huge wastage of
fuels.
4)High airport charges-Like packaging, landing ,housing & x-ray baggage charges.
Other factors are responsible like land encroachment, connectivity, clossure of old airports,land
acquisition,high taxes etc.
The moves which improve the condition of the civil aviation are-1)Modernisation & setting up new airports across the country.
2)City side development of non metro airports.
3)Providing international airport states to major cities as TIER-I & TIER-II.
4)Open sky policy & permission to private operators to operate international sectors.
5)Emphasis on development through PPP model .
Recent planning of the govt to privatised the air india & to list in stock markets to AAI & Pawan
hans Helicopter is a right move which are making loss & draining the wealth of the govt from a
decade.
Hence India has to recognise value of aviation & most urgent need for a common vision.With
million of jobs,billions of rupees & the competitiveness of the Indian aviation at stake,there is no
time to waste.
Q9) Is India ready to cash in on its demographic dividend? Critically examine.
Main Article: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/utopia-as-skillset/article6588527.ece
Ans:
India is expected to be youngest country of the world in expected years however it faces several
issues:1. Ensuring food and nutritional security to vast population.
2. Ensuring universal health facility to them.
3.Large number of unskilled labor force.
4.Poor educational standards emphasizing more on number than performance.
5. Dependency Syndrome of population on government.
6. Poor implementation and widespread corruption.
7.Employment opportunities

Govt. efforts:1. Right to education, Right to food

2. National health mission
3. NREGA
4. National skill development programme
Suggestions:1. Focus more on performance than compliance.
2. P.R.I should be used as vehicle of implementing most schemes.
3. Regular and timely audit.
4. Effective implementation by reducing leakages and ghost beneficiary.
5. Easy credit flow to weaker section through priority sector lending and financial inclusion.
6. Increased budgetary allocation to skill development.
7.PPP and Foreign collaboration.
Thus to reap benefits of demographic dividend empowerment of population is prerequisite
which needs quick appraisal.

Q10) In recent months there have been reports of increase in the number of polio deaths in
Pakistan. Explain why.
Main Article: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/the-continuing-poliochallenge/article6588523.ece
Ans:
Though a neighbour of polio-free India, Pakistan continues to be an abode of polio cases. This
year has seen an abnormal rise in cases compared to the previous years.
One of the major reasons is militants preventing health workers for last two years from
vaccinating children in some areas like North Waziristan. This led to a high reporting of cases
from this area. The fake vaccination programme carried out by the Central Intelligence Agency
for Hepatitis B has further instilled distrust in the public.
Adding to these, the transmission has also been catalysed by the virus-carriers due to lack of
awareness. This lack of awareness also led to people skipping the oral drops vaccination which is
given in regular intervals.
Prevalence of Polio in its neighbourhood nations like Afghanistan is also of significant
importance.

13th Nov 2014

Q1) Write a note on the significance of the European Space Agencys Rosetta mission.

Main Article: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/13/science/space/european-space-agencysspacecraft-lands-on-comets-surface.html?

emc=edit_ae_20141112&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=49615428
Ans:
European Space agencys Rosetta mission is a technological feat which gave scientists the first
opportunity to dig into the remnants of early solar system and directly analyze the composition
of a comet from its surface. Rosetta mission successfully placed a small spacecraft on the surface
of a speeding comet.
This spacecraft is expected to study ice, organic material and chemicals present in the comets
nucleus. Also later as the comet gets closer to the sun and gets heated up, the emissions of the
gases like water and carbon dioxide would be investigated.
This mission will act as the key to learn the origin of the solar system as the targeted comet
represents left over and unprocessed body from the formation of the solar system 4.5 billion
years ago.
with this achievement, a comet is no longer a mysterious and frightening spray of light across
the night sky, but another member of the solar system to be explored. Also this successful
technology of landing on a comet could be applied to future efforts to mine asteroids. This
mission would also explore if earths oceans are filled with melted comets.
As a whole Rosetta mission aims to unlock the mysteries of Earth. This 10 year, four billion mile
trip itself is big step for human civilization.

Q2) Critically comment on the significance of the recent agreement reached by China and USA to
cut their nations carbon emissions.
Main Article: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/13/world/asia/deal-on-carbon-emissions-byobama-and-xi-jinping-raises-hopes-for-upcoming-paris-climate-talks.html?
emc=edit_ae_20141112&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=49615428&_r=0
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/big-breakthrough-inbeijing/article6592729.ece
Ans:
The recent announcement by world's biggest carbon emitters USA and China, about the
commitments to cut down their nations emission not only raised hopes for the upcoming Paris
climate talks but also fundamentally shifted the global politics of climate change.
However, experts cautioned that the emissions reductions targets put forth by these two
countries will not be enough to prevent an increase in global temperature of 2 degrees Celsius
after which planet would lose vast stretches of arable land, Arctic sea ice would melt rapidly, sea
levels would rise, along with extreme droughts, storms and flooding. And hence a rate far more
rapid than what USA and China have now offered is needed.

On one hand this agreement would have considerable impact on other major emitters. And on
other hand countries like India could be seen to pressurize US to provide cheap or subsidized
access to renewable energy technology.
Though energy consumption helps fuel the rise of poor rural population to the middle class,
countries must try to decouple economic growth from carbon emissions.
Better late than never, this US-China agreement should be viewed as a significant step forward
to curb global warming and carbon emission. After all a clean environment and ecology is the
most precious gift which can be given to the future generations.

Q3) Critically examine why developed countries are insistent about implementation of the Bali
Package. What is Indias position on it? Do you think Indias position is justified? Comment
Main Article: http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/india-us-in-talks-forwto-food-subsidy-shield-114111300033_1.html
http://www.forbes.com/sites/alyssaayres/2014/07/30/india-tough-talk-and-the-bali-tradefacilitation-agreement-2/
Ans:
The Trade Facilitation Agreement (TFA) under Bali Package is largely seen as an effort by
developed countries to access vast markets of new growing economies of developing countries.
They opine that the deal could add $1 trillion to global GDP and also can generate 21 million jobs
by slashing red tape and streamlining customs.
The developed countries say that if the developing countries continue to give prices to farmers
which are higher than the market prices, it might harm the poor farmers in other parts of the
world.
India is not opposed to the deal but before finalizing the deal, India wants a permanent solution
on the issues of food subsidy and stockpiling of food grains. Sources say that once the deal
would be implemented, it would be difficult to bargain on food subsidy.
India's stand in fixing the food subsidy issue, that some countries are raising apprehensions
about, seems justified. Since, India is home to about 25 percent of the world's hungry, it is the
Government's responsibility and duty to ensure availability of proper food to its people.
Moreover, India's food programme is largely domestic so it doesn't distort global food trade.
Recently, the US has finally agreed to negotiate India's demands on food security

Q4) The gender pay divide is now a well-established fact and it is equally well-known that it
carries the centuries-old legacy of the Industrial Revolution. Critically discuss the reasons
behind the gender pay gap and its effect on women.

Article:- http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/pankaj-sharma-industrialrevolution-mindsets-in-the-digital-age-114111201525_1.html
Ans:
Gender pay divide presents a classic example of 'Cultural Lag', wherein despite technological
strides, women work force has failed to get rid of 'physically' and 'intellectually' weaker tag.
What fuels gender pay gap?
1. The biological and social roles of women i.e. child bearing and rearing, are seen as the
foremost reasons behind gender gap. Maternity leaves and career breaks rob them of deserved
increments and corresponding promotions.
2. Female dominated work, such as social welfare or any other job that requires compassion and
care, has been undervalued, as these skills are never treated at par with technical skills.
3. There is a greater representation of women in casual and non career part time employment.
This results in overall low wages and has a long term impact on gender pay gap.
4.Sex segregation of labor market, has resulted in occupations being classified as 'male' and
'female' dominated, thereby consequent high paid and low paid jobs.
5. Sadly, in spite of having similar qualifications as their male counterparts, women very rarely
make it to the top rungs of administration.
Impact
Apart from very obvious impact on confidence and self esteem of women, gender pay divide
reinforces the established gender roles, wherein, women are primarily seen as child bearers and
home makers. The gap between the wages and casual part time jobs results in women taking
more breaks from their careers, thereby indulging in unpaid domestic work and confirming to
stereotypes. It further results in feminisation of domestic unpaid work, when the daughters are
asked to help in household chores, at the expense of their studies. Therefore a vicious circle is
formed, which spans a generation ahead.
Q5) With examples, critically discuss IPR issues related to Indias traditional products and their
patenting or trade marking by foreign companies.
Main Article: http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/the-khadi-appropriation114111201522_1.html
http://www.countercurrents.org/bhargava140709.htm
Ans:
Intellectual Property right is the exclusive right granted to a person for the creations of his mind.
What was intended to be a legal mechanism to foster and protect inventions, is being
increasingly misused to exploit mankind. The grant of patent to western companies for nonpatentable commonly practised traditional knowledge is concerning the developing world.
Issues of IPR with Indias traditional products:
The Khadi product
Khadi is an arm of Ministry of micro,small and medium enterprises, endeavouring to sell Indian
traditional products abroad. Recently, a german company selling similar items has got the brand
rights for the name Khadi,effectively putting an end to Indian interests.

The Basmati rise issue

The aromatic Basmati rice grown exclusively on Indian subcontinent is facing IPR issues with its
western counterparts under the name Jasmati,Kasmati etc.
Indias traditional medicines: Neem and turmeric which Indians have used for their medicinal
values since time immemorial also came under the ambit of IPR. Thanks to the written
references of these items in ancient Indian literature which precluded a possible patent right to
neem and turmeric.
Need of the hour:
1.Indian scientific community should collect,categorise and compile a comprehensive list of our
traditional products and medicines. A periodic update of this info on Indian websites could
prevent future conflicts.
2. An expertise panel of IPR should be created to help the traditional industries.
The Launching of the National AYUSH mission to help reach Ayuverdic medicines reach domestic
and global market is a positive move.

Q6) The quality of doctors and doctors training in India has been declining over the years for
various reasons. Examine why.
Main Article: http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/the-right-medicine-2/99/
Ans:
The recent incident of sterilisation deaths has highlighted the poor state of healthcare in India
and at the core of this issue lies many questions about the deteriorating quality of doctors and
doctor training in the country.
There are several reasons for the drop in standards of doctors in the country such as:
1. dearth of meritorious students coming into the profession
2. Corruption: Laboratories and medical companies sometimes bribe doctors for references
3. Administrative pressure from the government to meet unrealistic targets
In addition to this the following worrying trends are emerging in doctor training:
1. Outdated curriculum which does not reflect the advancements in the field
2. Emphasis on memorising instead of stress on psycho-motor skills and programmes to
inculcate right attitude in students
3. lack of effective checks to test the competency of the graduate in actual practise on
completion of the course
4. The teaching methodology does not stress on building competence

5. Lack of web-based learning and consultation with the students to plan the curriculum
6. Corruption: private medical colleges resorting to unfair practices to fill seats
However, the recent initiative by the MCI to update the curriculum shows much promise. Along
with this implementation of stringent quality standards in healthcare will ensure high standards.

Q7) Write critical note on Indias sterilization program and its gender dimensions.
Main Article:
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/why-is-family-planning-always-a-womansburden/article6592883.ece
Ans:
Indias Sterilization Program
Sterilization as state policy has a checkered history in India. It is associated closely with Prime
Minister Indira Gandhis "emergency rule" between 1975 and 1977. Over 8 million Indians were
sterilized during the period in exchange for money and other compensation (housing, for
example). In some cases, sterilization was forced.
In fact, India's fertility rates have been declining sharply for reasons that have nothing to do with
sterilization programs. In 1971, the Indian average was 5.1 children per woman. That figure
declined to 4.5 in 1981 and 3.6 in 1991; it now stands at 2.4, just above the level (2.1) at which a
population stabilizes. Over that period, there has been no marked increase in sterilization
programs.
Recently Government has focused more on building awareness about family planning and
disseminating contraception. What has changed, especially after economic liberalization in 1991,
are the living standards, rates of urbanization and education levels of the population.
Statewide Variation in Fertility Rate
Half of Indias 20 major states already have fertility rates under 2.1. Not coincidentally, most of
these are among the country's more prosperous states: Punjab, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh. Kerala and West Bengal, which have fertility rates
comparable to Western Europe, are not among the richest states. But they boast indicators that
suggest high educational attainment and greater empowerment of women.
On the other end of the spectrum, the three states with the highest fertility rates are Bihar (3.5)
Uttar Pradesh (3.3), and Madhya Pradesh (2.9). (Chhattisgarh, where the tragic deaths took
place, has a fertility rate of 2.7.) They are among Indias least prosperous states, with relatively
poor indicators of education and womens empowerment.
Issues
Government-imposed quotas and financial incentives for doctors contribute to problems,
encouraging officials to botch preparations or rush procedures.For eg. same Needle is used.
Medicine within the public health system is often badly prepared, with varying dosages, or is out
of date. Basics such as disinfectant are in short supply and are watered down to save money.
Corruption is rife in the sector.
Gender Dimension
Indias family planning programme has traditionally focused on women, and experts say that
male sterilisation is still not accepted socially.
Health advocates worry that paying women to undergo sterilisation at family planning camps is
dangerous and, by default, limits their contraceptive choices.
For some women, especially those who suffer the burden of Indias patriarchal society, the
procedure offers the only way to avoid having several children. But the financial incentives

create perverse outcomes: Women are sometimes forced into undergoing the procedure so that
their husbands can get the money.
Conclusion
Though large numbers of young people can be an economic advantage, a combination of
unfulfilled aspirations, scarce land and water, overcrowding in growing cities as well as
inadequate infrastructure, could lead to social tensions and political instability.
At 1.2 billion people, India is overpopulated. Among countries with more than 100 million
citizens, India has the second-highest population density, behind Bangladesh. But the solution to
the country's population "problem" -- which puts a stress on limited resources -- isnt
sterilization. It is Education.
Cursory Reading
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-11/india-s-poorest-women-coerced-intosterilization.html

TOPIC: HEALTH
Q8) Indias case burden of pneumonia and diarrhea continues to be high, but marginal progress
has been recorded toward improving life-saving interventions to prevent child deaths. Examine
the reasons for high prevalence of these diseases and the steps taken by government to reduce
their prevalence.
Main Article:http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/india-can-do-more-to-tacklepneumonia-diarrhoea/article6592765.ece
Ans:
According to new study by UN and pneumonia institute in India every year 300,000 children die
from Pneumonia and Diarrhea and it third from behind in 15 most vulnerable countries.India's
health indicators denoted by IMR and MMR are yet to achieve MDG target.
The primary reasons for the prevalence of these preventable diseases are:
India's expenditure in healthcare is very low at 1.4% of GDPis low and high share of the
budget goes into the establishment and maintenance of medical colleges.
Poor sanitationand lack of cleanliness in both households and health centers all over India.
Old practices like Open defecation and manual scavenging are still practiced in some parts of
India
Lack of medical facilitiesand inaccessible healthcare service in rural areas. Absence oftrained
medical personnel in rural areas to administer basic care and drive awareness about benefits
of cleanliness.Paramedical staffs are Ill equipped and this adds to worries.
Inconsistent and lack of procurement of ORS, antibiotics in rural areas.
The UIP has only included Hib vaccine but still noPCV vaccine recommended by WHO due to
cost factors.Lack of awarenessabout UIP cost the poor heavily.
Malnourishment and lack of nutrition leading to weakening of immune system and diseases
like pneumonia prevails.

Although the government has taken certain steps but still a lot has to be done to ensure that
valuable lives of the nation are not lost and we meet Millennium development goals.
The governmentdecision to introduce vaccination for rotavirus which causes majority of
diarrhea in children in UIP is a welcome step.This targeted focus of diarrhea like Polio by use
of indigenous vaccine would help in decreasing IMR.
However government also needs to implement NHAM with more focus on preventable
disease through awareness campaigns.
To train Anganwadis and equip ASHAworkers more to impart basic awareness and in case of
requirement of medical will enhance their capacities.
The Swacch Bharat Abhiyaanshould target the open defection and manual scavenging and
ensure cleanliness habits are universalized.
Collaboration with Bill Melinda Gates Foundation for GAPPD and training health workers.
Ensuringdefinitive procurement of ORS and medicines to PHCs.
Providing compulsory provision for providing nutritional supplements to lactating mothers
and increase nutritional standards of MDM scheme.
Collective efforts by media, civil society, government and people to reducethese diseases.
Note:
GAPPD: Global Action Plan for Pneumonia and Diarrhea.
NHAM: National Health Assurance Mission.
PCV: Pneumococcal Vaccination
UIP: Universal Immunization Programme.
ASHA: Accredited Social Health Activist.

Q9) Examine the new areas of cooperation and partnership between India and Myanmar in the
light of recent positive developments that are taking place in Myanmar.
Main Article: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/time-to-demonstrate-an-acteast-policy/article6592730.ece
Ans:
The visit of the new prime minister of India to Myanmar with his new thinking and outlook has
opened doors for various avenues of cooperation. Opportunities are immense considering
Indias virtual neglect of Myanmar.
Cooperation can be utilized on the following lines,
Indias current investment is meager compared to Indias size and economy. Business to business
cooperation also lacks on many fronts.
The winds of democracy being felt in Myanmar are an added opportunity for India help establish
democratic institutions. Infrastructure deficit of Myanmar can be filled by Indias growing
prowess in hard structure building.

The oil and gas exploration and production can be another such front for cooperation. Myanmar
has abundant unexplored gas reserves, India with its OVL and private sector participation can
jack it up.
India has already given 500 million dollar credit line to Myanmar. More cooperation in
agriculture fisheries and irrigation can be taken up as substantial population there depends on
framing.
India could help boost the service sector. With its prowess, India could export technologies,
healthcare, education and tourism to Myanmar.
PM Modis pitch for SAARC satellite can be a trust booster for both. Further cooperation in
science, research is helpful.
Cooperation on border management, terrorism mitigation, illegal trafficking of humans and
drugs, black money and counterfeit currency can be enhanced. Issues on rohingya Muslims need
to be dealt with as it has repercussions on the region.
The north east connect with South East Asia through India-Myanmar-Thailand trilateral highway,
Mekong Ganga partnership and Mandalay port project can benefit both equally.

14th Nov 2014

GS1
Q1) Critically comment on Jawaharlal Nehrus contribution to post Independent India.

Main Article: http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/the-nehruvian-vision114111301748_1.html

http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/a-just-india-by-just-means/99/
Ans:
After independence India was grappling with plenty of problems including rehabilitation of
migrants after partition, underdevelopment, Health challenges, country unification, state
reorganization, cold war politics etc.
At this crucial juncture Pt. Nehru provided a vibrant leadership which paved the path on which
India is walking smoothly today.
Pt. Nehru's contribution can be discussed under following headers1) Foreign Relations:
India remained neutral in world politics at the time when cold war has divided world in two
camps. it was example of his shrewd diplomacy. He conceputised NAM, which helped neutral
underdeveloped countries to maintain their suzerainty. Panchsheel was also an attempt to bring
regional player on a common platform.
2) Infrastructure and agriculture development:
Second five year plan also known as Nehru-Mahalnobis Plan emphasized on Industrial
development as wheel of growth. An attempt of making india self sufficient was started in area
of energy, power and raw material provision. Bhakra nangal dam, SAIL steel plant are few
example.He given equal importance to agriculture also.
3) Education:
He exhorted the importance of education in nation building. he advocated compulsory
education to children. He laid foundation of prominent technical institute acknowledging
importance of technology.
4) Social Empowerment:
He brought equality in society by giving women their due rights by enacting Hindu
marriage/Succession Act.
Although, Pt. Nehru strove hard to overcome all these issues but his success was partial at many
front. Not criticising USSR on its invasion in Hungary lost credibility of Non alignment of India
and country in world's eye acquired a soviet tilt.
Second, he finally conceded state reorganisation on linguistic basis under immeasurable
pressure.
Third, he could not judge the Chinese danger and did not improve Indian defence sector. After
losing Sino-India war, India also lost the confidence of world's new independent countries.

Notwithstanding these failures, Pt Nehru has ushered country to a path of overall development
by taking all section of society along with.
GS2
Q2) The problems faced by the sugar industry in India are interconnected and go much deeper.
Examine the problems and suggest measures to overcome them.
Main Article: http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/the-sweet-spot/99/
Ans:
Sugar Industry is the second largest agro-based industry which faces interconnected problem
due to the politicization of cane pricing or other unnecessary controls which inturn affects rural
economy.
Interconnected issues:
a) Lack of transparent pricing methodology in determining cane prices forcing mill owners to pay
higher prices to farmers rather than the actual value realized.
b) No mill is being allowed up to 15kms to existing one with cane reservation areas which leads
to monopoly where it denies the farmer to choose suppliers.
c) Restrictions on sugar cane by products or inefficient import/export policies also affects the
profits of mill owners
Needed measures:
a) De-control of cane reservation area & distance criteria will encourage new mills setup that can
check the monopoly power of existing one and improve miller-farmer relationship.
b) As the choice is there between mill owners the farmers can get a fair price. The
government can also gradually remove the support prices and intervene if necessary.
c) Rather than providing credit facilities with zero interest rate or high import duties
the Government should remove restrictions on sugar cane by-products to increase
the profit margin of sugar industry.
Instead of short term benefits the state government can opt for long term measures to remove
volatility and unpredictability and to strengthen rural economy.

GS2

Q3) Critically comment on the provisions and implementation of the Child Labour (Prohibition
and Regulation) Act in India.
Main Article: http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/away-from-the-photo-ops/99/
Ans:
The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act was implemented to protect childrens right in
accordance with the constitution of India by prohibiting children less than 14 years from
employment in hazardous activities like coal mining, lead industry, glass industry etc. Later the
scope was increased to even include working as a help in household and hotels.
But, these laws have merely been on paper and are hardly executed. Children are employed in
activities like rag picking, local dhabas, household help and other dirty industries. This has been
mainly due to laxity and lack of manpower in police force and is compounded by the lack of
awareness of children to their rights.
Children cant be expected to know all their rights at such small age and it is the work of society
and the enforcement agencies to behave as a responsible citizens and do their duty honestly.
Instead, constables can be seen to take bribes many times in form of change from the children to
let them do these hazardous activities.
The role of NGO is very important here. They can help in spreading awareness and reporting the
lapses to authorities. Helpline numbers should be readily available and awareness about it
should be spread to common populace so that the citizens can do their part.
Also, the enforcement agencies should be sensitised to the plight of the children who are future
of nation. There should be a rehabilitation plan for proper education and health of abandoned
children so that they do not fall in trap of child labour.
Child labour will lead to unskilled work force which will make the country inefficient in utilising
its demographic dividend leading to a slower economy and perpetuating the poverty trap.
External help in form of Governmental help and help from NGOs is pre-requisite to help
eradicate the child labour.

GS3

Q4. Write a critical note the problems faced by Tamils and Tamil dominated regions in Sri Lanka.
Also examine their demands from the Sri Lankan government and India.
Article: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/an-appeal-to-indiasconscience/article6597061.ece
Ans:
The major problems faced by Tamil People were:Devolution of power politically and administratively especially financially as per Indo-Lanka
Accord of 1987 which seeks to achieve 13th amendment. The govt is found reluctant to
implement it.
Ongoing militarisation of the country,
The attempts by the govt to change the demography of the north,
The growing power of Sinhala supremacist groups and the threat they pose to national
minorities, including Muslims,
The subjugation of the judiciary,
The stranglehold that one family has on public life in the country,
The collapse of institutions and the atmosphere of intimidation
Press freedom not being restored
Livelihood of the people of Northern Sri Lankans is facing stiff competition from Indian fishing
community.
Governmental apathy towards developmental projects in war torn area.
Access to justice of genocide that happened in last phase of Elam War. Lessons Learnt and
Reconciliation Commission" (LLRC) formed by the govt after international pressure has not given
any report.

Demand from India: Put political pressure of decentralization and devolution as per Indo-Lankan accord.
Support Tamilians in UNHRC.
Abandon use of trawlers for fishing.
Comply to maritime boundaries limits.

Recently, the largest Tamil party won the provincial council elections in the Tamil-dominated
areas. These were the first elections in these regions in decades. Analysts say the fact that the Sri
Lankan govt allowed the vote was a very positive sign and a step towards greater democracy.
However, the central govt has refused to accept the provincial councils' authority.
Reconciliation is urgently needed, but even though several million Tamils had never wanted to
do with an armed insurrection, the Colombo govt. seemed to focus more on retribution than
pacification. More than 3 decades ago the LTTE insurgency arose in the first place because of
Hindu-Tamil anger over the govts Buddhist-Sinhalese cultural dominance and social policies.
"Sri Lanka is still in a post-war stage rather than in a post-conflict stage. The root of the conflict
has not been dealt with".Therefore, only more even handed management of national affairs can
stave off the resumption of the cycle that transformed South Asia's great success story into a
dreadful tragedy whose aftereffects will be felt for decades.
Read more at: http://www.srilankacampaign.org/currentsituation.htm
http://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12004081

GS3(S&T)
Q5) Discuss why in-depth study of comets is very important for earths inhabitants. Examine the
efforts made towards comet studies by space agencies around the world.
Main Article: http://www.business-standard.com/article/opinion/devangshu-datta-rosettaphilae-to-more-answers-and-beyond-114111301751_1.html
http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/Frequently_asked_questions
Ans:
Comets are the oldest, most primitive bodies in the Solar System, preserving the earliest record of
material from the nebula out of which our Sun and planets were formed. Planets have gone through
chemical transformations, but comets have remained almost unchanged.
Comets brought volatile light elements to the planets and likely played an important role in forming
oceans and atmospheres. Comets also carry complex organic molecules that may have been involved
in the origin of life on Earth.
There is convincing evidence that comets played a key role in the evolution of the planets, because
cometary impacts are known to have been much more common in the early Solar System than today.
Comets, for example, probably brought much of the water in today's oceans.

They could even have provided the complex organic molecules that may have played a crucial role in
the evolution of life on Earth.
Rosetta mission was launched in 1993 to study the comets. Rosetta will be undertaking several firsts
in space exploration. It will be the first mission to orbit and land on a comet. That makes Rosetta one
of the most complex and ambitious missions ever undertaken. Previous studies by ESAs Giotto
spacecraft and ground-based observatories have shown that comets contain complex organic
molecules.

GS3
Q6) Write a critical note on water consumption pattern in India by industries and domestic
households.
Main Article : http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/soft-drinks-power-amonghigh-water-guzzling-industries-114111302124_1.html
http://www.thehindu.com/features/homes-and-gardens/how-much-water-does-an-urbancitizen-need/article4393634.ece
Ans:
With rising consumption of water, a scarce resource, a 'true water demand' needs to be
calculated on the basis of which systems for efficient water usage must be designed.
Unfortunately no serious commitment regarding this is visible although a huge amount of water
is getting wasted through domestic and industrial usage.
Households tend to consume more water than required for daily activities like bathing, washing,
gardening etc.
It's unfortunate that despite being aware of the scarcity people are ignorant about it. Industries
like thermal power plants, soft drinks, iron and steel are also using excess of water.
In addition to this they are polluting freshwater too through discharge of untreated polluted
water.
India is a water scarce country and therefore it becomes necessary to effectively utilize the
resource.
Households can do so by using water efficient appliances. Water meters can also help people
check their consumption level. Industries on the other hand can frame effective industrial policy
and production processes to have an efficient water management.

GS3

Q7) Examine the consequences of climate change on some of the vulnerable regions of India.
Main Article:
http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/sunderbans-island-shrinks-by-half/article6597083.ece
Ans:
Sunderbans(WB)
Due to rising sea level in Bay of Bengal Ghoramara Island in the Sunderbans archipelago in West
Bengals South 24 Parganas district has reduced to half as compared to its size in 1975.
It has lead to loss of livelihood for people inhabiting the island.
Migration is taken as an adaptive measure as the islanders dont have any alternate skills.
Utkal Plains(Odisha)+Northern Circars(Andhra Pradesh)
Intensity,Frequency of cyclones encountered is increasing.From last 2 years (Phalin-2013,Hud
Hud-2014) continuously region is getting devastated by cyclones which was not the case
earlier.It is mainly because of rising Ocean temperature due to global warming.
Huge Economic loss-Infrastructure etc.
Himalayas
The Himalayas possess one of the largest resources of snow.Its glaciers form a source of water
for the perennial rivers such as the Indus,Ganga,Sutlej,Yamuna.
Melting of glaciers due to rising temperature will have adverse impacts on economy in terms of
water availability and hydropower generation.
Uttarakhand floods(2013) and J&K floods(2014) are an indication of extreme weather events in
coming decades
Western Ghats
Due to increase in temperatures, the montane forests are giving way to grasslands, hence
affecting the fauna. Yield from high altitude plantations such as tea, coffee and cardamom has
also dipped, on account of warmer conditions. According to Kasturirangan Panel Report on
Western Ghats, changing rainfall patterns will affect sediment yield and several water resource
projects.
Loss in rich biodiversity of the region.
North East
The fragile mountain ecosystems of north east are prone to increased precipitation, which alters
the sowing and harvesting pattern of crops, thereby decreasing yield.
Flood in Brahmaputra Plains as a sign to extreme weather events.
Lakshadweep
It is India's coral island.Rising temperature of sea can result in Coral Bleaching.
Cursory Reading
http://gbpihed.gov.in/CLIMATE%20CHANGE%20AND%20INDIA%20A
%204X4%20ASSESSMENT.pdf

TOPIC: GOVERNANCE (GS2)

Q8) "Indias global competitiveness is inextricably linked to its ability to formulate and
implement sound and effective public policies." In the light of India's poor ranking in the Global

Competitiveness Report 2014-15 published by the World Economic Forum (WEF), analyse the
importance of sound public policy for ensuring good governance and increasing
competitiveness.
Main Article:http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/for-a-public-policy-roadmap/article6597060.ece
Ans:
India is ranked 71st in WEFs ease of doing business norms far behind BRICS counterparts. The
downfall is due to association of multiple problems like poor infrastructure, labour market
inefficiency and limited innovations. To bank on the Make in India campaign it is essential to
design sound public policies and raise competitiveness.
Public policies should be pragmatic and focus on scientific analysis for practical solution of social
and economic problems.
Policy Process:
A Public Policy should go through studies on Policy Formulation, Policy Education, Policy
Implementation, Policy Monitoring and Policy Impact. A sound policy should be participative,
transparent, open and accountable. Through planned view of development this will ensure
formulation of goal oriented course of action.
Institutionalization:
Building linkages between government agencies and academic institutions and establishing
public policy centers to promote research and development are must to encourage studies. A
multidisciplinary approach toassess the public policy effectiveness like India Policy Report 2014
is a settinggood precedence. This will ensure innovation through expert opinions.
Public policy based on empirical analysis:
Public policies in India are largely based on the whims and fancies of power holderswithout a
thought on empirical understandings. This has resulted inan unfavorable business environment.
Policies should be formulated to go past vote bank politics.
A public policy with legal inputs:
A policy before implementation should go through stringent legal and constitutional
scrutinybefore implementation. Ill-formulated policy will deter investors and attract unnecessary
litigations and will result in waste of time and energy. Ex: Retrospective taxation.
Building Infrastructure:

Policies for creation of Infrastructure andcutting red-tapism should be highly prioritized to

attract foreign investor and Indians investing abroad for these lacunae.
Capacity Building:
Public policies should be designed to nurture domestic talents and create a skilledlabour force
which is able to adapt to changing technologies. Besidesincreasing competitiveness it also
enhances growth prospects.
Inclusive Governance:
A broad platform to include public aspirations and civil societys suggestion through Egovernance should be in the broad vision for inclusive governance.
India can secure a better ranking in the global reports and attract investors through well thought
policies that stand the test of time and pass beyond political differences.

GS3(IR)
Q9) Critically examine why good relations between Russia and USA is good for making the world
nuclear-free.
Main Article: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/14/world/europe/russia-to-curtail-nuclearsecurity-efforts-with-us-officials say.html?
emc=edit_ae_20141113&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=49615428
Ans:
Russia and US both are nuclear powers and signatory to NPT which seeks to make world a
nuclear free region. However, geopolitical dynamics is challenging the very cooperation between
the duo for nuclear free world.
1.Decreased cooperation will encourage further proliferation from rogue countries like North
Korea, Pakistan etc.
2.It questions the very existence of the treaty which will have no relevance once the two
countries backs out.
3.Culmination or non compliance of treaty runs the danger of anxiety and panic in non nuclear
nations which out of fear and threat may embark on flexing nuclear weapon.
4.Coordinated efforts by both are also needed to stop access of terrorists and extremists to
nuclear technology.

5.Nevertheless, it may challenge the operations of groups like NSG which control dual
technology transfer.
Cooperation between both nations even after end of cold war is pre requisite for ensuring stable
and peaceful worlds thus they should supplement each other's efforts.

Q10) Has the G-20 become redundant? Critically analyse.

Main Article: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/14/business/international/g20-summitbrisbane.html?emc=edit_ae_20141113&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=49615428
Ans:
The G-20 is a group comprising of the Heads and Central Bank Governors of 20 major economies
of the world. It was basically created to tackle 2007-08 financial crisis & also to provide adequate
space for emerging economies. As such, more than 85% of global world product is accounted by
G-20 & therefore, it is responsible for promotion of international financial stability and
coordinating economic policies aiming at lifting world growth.
However, the role of G-20 has come into question off late, due to the following reasons:
1. G-20 as an economic forum has been losing its importance and has more often become a
reconciliation party for raging geo - political situations.
2. The previous G-20 summits have repeatedly failed to achieve their targets, costing millions of
jobs and billions of trade.
3. The current crisis over Ukraine & conflagrations over sovereignty in South-China sea, will
affect the mood of negotiations and dialogue, and it is possible the platform is used for
bantering rather than constructive purposes.
4. It is very often seen that the policies crafted by governors and academicians find conflicting
reviews from political heads, who intend for populist measures rather than pragmatic ones.
With US economy of a dismal trend, EU ready for another recession and Japan with stagnated
1% growth, it is imperative that the forum is utilised to its fullest.
At the same time, the needs and implications for counties like India and Brazil, where millions
still battle poverty, need to be given due attention.
The member nations have achieved some targets in past, its high time they pulled up their
socks.

15th Nov 2014

Q1) Write a critical note on future missions of ISRO and the challenges its facing to accomplish
them successfully.
Main Article: http://www.business-standard.com/article/beyond-business/man-in-space-andother-plans-114111401887_1.html
Ans:
Indias successful launch of missions like Mangalyaan and Chandrayaan has commanded respect
for its space agency cutting across all political barriers. The Indian space mission which is
precisely Application based faces myriad daunting challenges.
ISRO has had a history of failures with development of Cryogenic stage engine. Hence, the
foremost challenge before the agency would be to achieve the successful launching and retrieval
of experimental GSLV- Mark III which would incorporate passive cryogenic stage.
This could be achieved through vigilant control of its speed and restraining it to 7 m/s while it
strikes the Bay of Bengal. This would also facilitate the testing of Indias re-entry technology
which would form the basis of Indian human spaceflight aspirations.
The success of this mission would later call for development of carrier crew module and
codification of environmental control and life support systems in it. The developed module
would then have to be precisely human rated for reliability as loss of life during a space journey
is highly perverse.
Besides, the Chandrayaan II mission being pursued by ISRO calls for development of technology
to achieve soft launching of the vehicle on
the surface of moon enabling the rover to disembark without any physical impairments.
ISROs grand solar observatory Aditya mission would require it to place the satellite about 1.5
million kms from earth towards the sun. This would require the scientists to accurately balance
the gravitational effect of earth and the sun to keep the satellite in place.
Furthermore, the agency's target to send rockets to mercury and the launch of Astronat ( multi
wavelength astronomy mission) to study celestial bodies have necessitated thorough scrutiny of
temperature gradients across the space to prevent any major catastrophe.
Most importantly, Indian Space Research Organization has always taken a voluntary stand in
maintaining the prudency of its missions.

Q2) Write a short note on brain to brain communication.

Main Article: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/when-brains-shakehands/article6601059.ece
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/08/brain-interface_n_6115334.html
Ans:
Telepathy is the stuff of science fiction where transmission of information from one person to
another without using any of our known sensory channels or physical interaction.
Recently Indian-origin researchers at the University of Washington have established a "brain to
brain communication" link via internet. With the set up of this link one person can control the
hand motions of another person within a fraction of a second.
The signal from the sender's brain is recorded using electroencephalography which measure
brain waves. During research participants were seated in separate buildings on the Washington
campus.
Distance between the buildings is almost half a mile. In this distance it is not possible to interact
with each other except using the link by setting up through internet.

Q3) Examine the recommendations made by the Kiran Aggarwal Committee which was tasked
with reviewing the content and duration of induction training of IAS officers. Do you agree with
some of its recommendations? Explain why.
Main Article: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/plan-to-cut-ias-trainingperiod/article6601305.ece
Ans:
The Kiran Aggarwal Committee has done a detailed analysis of the context and content of
training of the civil servants. In a globalized context it highlights the need for dynamic training. It
highlight the need for participant centered training instead of being recipients. It also states that
with the expanded nature of the syllabus for general studies, the theoretical aspect of the
training can be reduced.
Report has found that the average age of civil servants is 27 with considerable professional
experience and hence they need more field experience. In this light the committee has
recommended to reduce the two year training to 75 weeks and give more hands on experience
to the civil servants.
I agree with this recommendation since on the job training is also a form of learning. The
shortened period will balance the urgent needs for officers on the field and the fundamentals
instilled at a comprehensive induction course.

LBSNAA on the other hand has expressed its reservations, since the training programme would
not qualify as a diploma and also that in a recent survey about 80% of the candidate were
satisfied with the duration of the training.
Additionally, it is the content of the training that must be reworked in the context of the
changing role of the civil servant, who must respond to the dynamic changes in the economic
environment while ensuring citizen centricity in his/her approach.

Q4) Examine the merits and demerits of implementing Direct Benefit Transfer of LPG (DBTL)
scheme in India.
Article:- http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/modified-dbtl-scheme-in-54districts/article6601089.ece
Ans:
Direct Benefit Transfer of LPG is a scheme of the Government of India in which households
which have not availed of the LPG subsidy, of 12 cylinders per year, will be given cash in their
bank account to buy cylinders at market price.
An IMF working paper titled 'The fiscal and welfare impact of reforming fuel subsidies in India'
found fuel subsidies to be badly targeted with the richest 10% of the households getting seven
times more benefits than the poorest 10%. Also the cost of delivery of existing mechanisms is
adding to the subsidy burden. It is in this context due to the following merits that the DBTL is the
need of the hour.
1. Reduces subsidy burden by 15%
2. Reduces fuel misuse
3. Reduces leakages and ensures subsidy reaches the benficiary
4. It is a fast way for the government to bring the unbanked villages into the banking sector.
However the following concerns need to be addressed for it's success:
1. Only 35% of the low income group in India have bank accounts. Hence the reach is limited in
the current scenario
2. There is a monthly cap on the withdrawals in the DBT accounts hence the users cannot avail
the benefits as and when required
3. banks spend more on the DBT accounts than they earn from it. They need to offer more
products with the account to make it viable.
A clear synergy in policy between the government and banks will ensure that the DBTL scheme
will be a dual success in both targeted subsidies and financial inclusion.

Q5) Write a note on the U.S. Government humanitarian demining program and its significance
to beneficiary countries.
Main Article: http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/mozambique-striding-intonew-minefree-era/article6601050.ece
Ans:
"To walk the earth in safety", is the US government's aim in starting its humanitarian demining
program to rid the world of landmines that threaten civilian lives in times of peace.
Under this program, the US government assists the host country to establish Mine Action
Centers(MAC) which carry out mine awareness and demining training programs in the area and
once they develop mine clearance capabilities, US assistance phases out to enable them to
operate autonomously.
These programs have significantly helped in reducing civilian landmine casualties thus
encouraging the refugees and the internally displaced persons(IDP) to return to their native
place and restore the economic and political stability of the areas and eventually of the nation.
This significance can be understood from the fact that Mozambique- once among the five most
landmined countries, with immense international support from US, NGOs of UK to name a few,
has in a very short span completed the demining process in the nation.
Thus issues such as landmines, insurgency, terrorism etc which hinder economic and political
stability of nations and eventually stunt global growth can only be effectively dealt with with
global co-operation on platforms like the UNO, Mozambique presenting a live emperical
evidence for the same.

Q6) What do you understand by Invasive species? Recently Suez Canal was blamed for allowing
invasive species to migrate to new locations. Examine why. Also examine what measures are
taken to address the issue.
Main Article: http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/13/opinion/under-the-ships-in-the-suezcanal.html?emc=edit_ae_20141114&nl=todaysheadlines&nlid=49615428
Ans:
Invasive species are introduced species of plants or animals that are not native to a specific
location. They are believed to spread rapidly causing damage to the environment, human
economy and health. They are one of the greatest threats to biodiversity and ecosystem stability.
Suez Canal, the fastest way to sail from Asia to Europe is blamed for allowing invasive species to
migrate to new locations through the number of ships sailing in its waters, but still its expansion
is on without any environmental objection.

Waters in Suez Canal flow from Red Sea to Mediterranean and so do the invasive marine species.
This may have serious impacts on the Mediterranean ecology, endangering many local and
endemic Mediterranean species.
Recent Egyptian government's announcement of its intentions to deepen and widen the canal
have raised concerns from marine biologists, fearing that this will worsen the invasion of Red Sea
species into the Mediterranean, facilitating the crossing for
additional species.
Measures:
a) Creating air curtains with turbulent walls of bubbles which aquatic animals avoid
b) Creating Low-frequency sound emissions to deter animals.
c) The most promising measure is re-establishing the salt barrier with high-salinity lock between
the waters of Red sea and Mediterranean.

Q7) What do you understand by Internet Governance? Explain the position of India on this issue.
Main Article:
http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/trapped-in-the-web/
Ans:
Internet Governance
A working group established after a UN-initiated World Summit on the Information Society
(WSIS) proposed the following definition of Internet governance as part of its June 2005 report:
Internet governance is the development and application by Governments, the private sector
and civil society, in their respective roles, of shared principles, norms, rules, decision-making
procedures, and programmes that shape the evolution and use of the Internet.
No one person, company, organization or government runs the Internet. It is a globally
distributed network comprising many voluntarily interconnected autonomous networks. It
operates without a central governing body with each constituent network setting and enforcing
its own policies. Its governance is conducted by a decentralized and international multi
stakeholder network of interconnected autonomous groups drawing from civil society, the
private sector, governments, the academic and research communities and national and
international organizations. They work cooperatively from their respective roles to create shared
policies and standards that maintain the Internet's global interoperability for the public good.
Position of India
Online traffic originating and terminating in a country should stay within that country, making
the case for a Routing Plan that ensured all communication was traceable.
India has also asked the ITU(International Telecommunication Union) to help ensure IP(Internet
Protocol) addresses from different countries be easily identifiable.
India has expressed its desire that the current system of allocating IP addresses, run by the
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) with the help of Regional
Internet Registries, be made fair, just and equitable.

 The Indian position is clear about a Democratic, Transparent and Inclusive Arrangement running
the medium.
Unfortunately today there is a divide among nations : multi-stakeholder versus multilateralism.
The OECD countries, with more than 80 per cent of the internet economy, back the
multistakeholder approach. Countries such as China, Russia, Iran and few others, with doubtful
internet freedom credentials, favour multilateralism.
Cursory Reading
http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-09-12/news/53850897_1_digital-indiainternet-economy-internet-governance-forum