Drug Classifications

Analgesics
Drug Classifications
Relief of pain
Type and degree of pain
2 Types
Mild pain - Aspirin, acetaminophen and
dextropropoxyphene
Sever pain narcotic analgesic (codeine, oxycodone)
If patient has chronic pain, potent narcotics are
recommended.
Anesthetics
Used to relieve pain by interfering with nerve
transmission
2 Types
General acts by depressing the cerebral nerve that
carry sensory pain signals to the brain
Effects: Loss of pain and consciousness
Dosage Form: Inhalation, IV
Example: Halothane and ether
Local used for local nerve blocks in relieving pain
Antacids
Used to relieve gastric hyperactivity and the pain
associated with Duodenal or gastric ulcer
Lower HCl content of the stomach by neutralizing or
buffering
Reduce acid irritation
Example: Sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate,
aluminum hydroxide
Dosage form: Topical preparation (Ointment, gels, creams)

Example: Lidocaine, Procaine, cocaine
Anthelmintics
Antianginal
Used to rid the body of worm infestation

Worms gain access through the body most commonly
due to contaminated food and animal saliva
Most infestation are curable by proper therapy
Example: Pyrvinium pamoate, piperazine citrate, and
diethylcarbamazine citrate
Drugs used to relieve the chest pain associated with

increased oxygen demand by the heart muscle due to
physical exertion
Classification
Vasodilators
Nitroglycerin, Isosorbide dinitrate, pentaerythritol
tetranitrate
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents (Beta blockers)

Propranolol, Nadolol, Labetalol
Anticholinergic
Anticholinergic
Inhibits cholinergic nerves that are primarily

responsible for gastrointestinal hypersecretion and
motility
Gastrointestinal antispasmodic
Example: Propantheline, belladonna alkaloid, adiphenine,
dicyclomine
2013-9-20
Anticoagulant
Inhibits the clotting mechanism
Can also serve as a prophylaxis to prevent clotting
during hemodialysis and surgery
Clot can serve as a physical barrier to blood flow
resulting to heart attack and stroke
Anticonvulsant
Used to depress the brain nerve firing to control
convulsive seizure in epilepsy
Prevent or reduce convulsion in electroshock therapy,
brain damage and ingestion of certain poison
Example: Phenytoin, Trimethadione, diazepam
Example: Heparin, and Warfarin
Antiemetic
Antihistamine
Emesis ( Vomiting), common cause of a wide variety

of disease and drugs (morphine, antineoplastic) that
stimulates the vomiting center or Chemoreceptor
trigger zone
Used to antagonizes the pathological effect of

histamine that is released as a consequence of various
disease state
Antiemetic blocks the brain center associated with

vomiting
Drowsiness is a leading side effect of these agent
Example: Prochlorphenazine, chlorpromazine,

Granisetron, Metroclopramide, Meclizine
Hayfever, common colds, asthma, allergy
Loratadine, Cetirizine, Levocetirizine, Hydroxyzine,

Diphenhydramine
Antihypertensive
Treatment to lower blood pressure by
Reducing vascular volume (diuretics)
Relaxing blood vessel (vasodilator)
Inhibiting sympathomimetic nervous system (Nerve
ending blocking agents)
Inhibiting renal mechanism for blood elevation(ACE
inhibitors)
Anti-infective and Sulfonamides

Natural or synthetic agents
Able to inhibit the growth (bacteriostatic) or destroy
(bactericidal) microorganism
Topical - bacitracin, neomycin, polymyxin
Oral, Parenteral - Penicillin, cephalosporin,
Tetracycline, Erythromycin
Disinfectant - Alcohols,acetic acid, boric acid, iodine,
hydrogen peroxide
Antitussive
Antihypertensive
Examples:
Diuretics - Thiazide
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents - Propranolol
Nerve ending blocking agents - reserpine, methyldopa,
guanethidine
CNS Blocker - Clonidine
Vasodilator - Hydralazine, prazosin
ACE Inhibitors - Captopril, Enalapril
ARB - Losartan, Telmisartan
Antineoplastic
Cellular toxins that function by destroying rapidly
multiplying cells associated with cancer
Destroys also normal cells in the body - rapidly
growing (Hair, Liver, GI mucosa)
Examples: Vinblastine, Vincristine, Cisplatin, 5fluorouracil, Cyclophosphamide
Antiviral
Inhibits cough reflex
Used to treat viral infections
Depress the CNS cough trigger
Example: Acyclovir , Amantadine, Zidovudine
Example: Codeine, hydrocodone, dexthromethorphan

Can be found in combination with antihistamine
Bronchodilators
Antiasthmatic relax bronchial smooth muscle which
dilates the airway
Cardiac Stimulant and Depressant

Depression - Slow heart rate and impulse conduction
through the heart
example: Quinidine, Procinamide, Propranolol
Permits normal respiratory air breathing

Epinephrine, Isoproterenol, Pseudoephedrine,
Theophylline
Decongestant
Vasoconstrictors
Caus the shrinking of the mucous membrane ,
permitting improved air transit through the nasal and
other passage
Example: Ephedrine, pseudoephedrine,
phenylephrine, Disopyramide
Emetics
Used to induce vomiting
Eliminate poisonous substance
Example: Ipecac syrup , apomorphine ( less frequent)
Stimulant - Overexcitability resulting in rhythm

disturbance and rapid heart rate with depress cardiac
output
example: Epinephrine, Isoproterenol
Digestant
Drugs that promote digestion of food in the GI
Usually GI replacement products for normal digestion
Example: HCl, pepsin, pancreatin, diastase
Simethicone is used in combination with this product
to alleviate trapped gas
Hormones
Organic compound that are normally produced
endogenously by the endocrine gland
Supplemented in the form of drugs in cases of
deficiency or secondary to disease state or surgery to
the gland
Hormones
Pituitary hormone - regulates the release of glandular
hormone. Also called Releasing factor
Growth Hormone (GH) - Regulates growth
Thyroid Hormone - Regulates the activity of all body
cells
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing
hormone (LH) control sexual growth and
development
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Hormones
Corticotropin (ACTH) - Regulates corticosteroid
release from the adrenal gland which, influences the
body to maintain blood pressure and withstand
environmental stress
Vasopressin - Maintain blood pressure
Oxytocin - Used in Obstetrics to induce uterine
contraction in labor
Laxatives and Cathartic
Produce and maintain sleep
Promote defactaion
Treatment for patients with sleep disturbance

(Insomnia)
Stimulate peristaltic movement by irritating the GIT,

retaining water in bowel, lubricating the bowel, or
reducing the surface tension of fecal material
At lower dose used as anticonvulsants

Example: Barbiturates, benzodiazepine sleep inducing
drugs flurazepam, temazepam, triazolam
Tranquilizer
Drugs that produce a sense of detach calmness
without depression of mental faculties or clouding of
consciousness
Treatment for mental and emotional disorder
Used for secondary problems such as emotional
distress or agitation due to surgery or cancer
Example: Phenothiazine (chlorpromazine,
triluoperazine, diazepam)
Example: Castor oil, Prunes, Magnesium salts,

Phenolphthalein, psyllium seed, mineral oil, senna,
dioctylsodiumsulfosuccinate
Miscellaneous Drugs
Diagnostics - used to determine a specific disease
state
Histamine - Achlorhydria
Barium Sulfate - fluoroscopically identify GIT lesion or
ulcer
Sodium Diatrizoate - Radiopaque dye used for
angiography of the brain and heart and urographically
for the urinary tract to visualize vascular insufficiency or
aneurysm
Miscellaneous
Radioisotope - Diagnostic aid to identify or treat
certain tumor
Iodine, Phosphate, Gold, Cobalt, and Sodium
What drug will you give?
Vitamins - Organic catalyst that are required daily by

the human body in small amount for proper
functioning of certain enzyme system that mediate
chemical reaction of the cells and maintain body
tissue
Vitamin A, B, C, D, E, K
2013-9-20
Diuretic
2013-9-20
Local
Anesthetic
2013-9-20
Antihistamine
2013-9-20
2013-9-20
Anti-angina
2013-9-20
Anticoagulant
2013-9-20
Anti-diarrheal
2013-9-20
Antimicrobial/
Antibacterial/
Anti-infective
Anti-tussive
2013-9-20
Bronchodilators
2013-9-20
Antineoplastic
2013-9-20
2013-9-20
Antihypertensive
Laxative
2013-9-20
Anticonvulsant
2013-9-20
Decongestant
2013-9-20
Antiemetic
2013-9-20
Antacid
2013-9-20
2013-9-20
General Anesthetic
Digestant
2013-9-20
Anthelmintic
2013-9-20
Analgesic
2013-9-20
Antiviral
2013-9-20
2013-9-20

Drug Classifications

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Drug Classifications

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Analgesics

Local used for local nerve blocks in relieving pain

Dosage form: Topical preparation (Ointment, gels, creams)

Used to rid the body of worm infestation

Drugs used to relieve the chest pain associated with

Beta-adrenergic blocking agents (Beta blockers)

Inhibits cholinergic nerves that are primarily

Example: Heparin, and Warfarin

Emesis ( Vomiting), common cause of a wide variety

Used to antagonizes the pathological effect of

Antiemetic blocks the brain center associated with

Drowsiness is a leading side effect of these agent

Example: Prochlorphenazine, chlorpromazine,

Hayfever, common colds, asthma, allergy

Loratadine, Cetirizine, Levocetirizine, Hydroxyzine,

Anti-infective and Sulfonamides

Inhibits cough reflex

Used to treat viral infections

Depress the CNS cough trigger

Example: Acyclovir , Amantadine, Zidovudine

Example: Codeine, hydrocodone, dexthromethorphan

Cardiac Stimulant and Depressant

Permits normal respiratory air breathing

Stimulant - Overexcitability resulting in rhythm

Hypnotics and Sedatives

Laxatives and Cathartic

Produce and maintain sleep

Treatment for patients with sleep disturbance

Stimulate peristaltic movement by irritating the GIT,

At lower dose used as anticonvulsants

Example: Castor oil, Prunes, Magnesium salts,

What drug will you give?

Vitamins - Organic catalyst that are required daily by

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