C1000 Specifications and Calculations

CAPSTONE TURBINE
CORPORATION
CAPSTONE C1000 SERIES

MICROTURBINE SYSTEMS
TECHNICAL REFERENCE
410072 Rev C (March 2015)

Capstone reserves the right to change or modify, without notice, the design, specifications, and/or contents of this document
without incurring any obligation either with respect to equipment previously sold or in the process of construction.
Page i
CAPSTONE TURBINE CORPORATION

21211 NORDHOFF STREET
CHATSWORTH, CA 91311
Capstone Turbine Corporation

21211 Nordhoff Street Chatsworth CA 91311 USA
Telephone: (818) 407-3600
Facsimile: (818) 734-5382
Website: www.capstoneturbine.com
Capstone Technical Support
Telephone: (866) 4-CAPSTONE or (866) 422-7786
E-mail: [email protected]
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page ii

Table of Contents
SUBJECT
PAGE
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1-1

DOCUMENT OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................... 1-1
SAFETY INFORMATION ........................................................................................................... 1-1
ARCHITECTS, ENGINEERS, AND OTHER EQUIPMENT SPECIFIERS .............................................. 1-1
CAPSTONE TURBINE OWNERS AND OPERATORS ..................................................................... 1-2
CAPSTONE INSTALLERS AND SERVICE PERSONNEL ................................................................. 1-3
CHAPTER 2: PRODUCT OVERVIEW .................................................................................... 2-1
KEY COMPONENTS ................................................................................................................ 2-1
MAIN FEATURES .................................................................................................................... 2-3
AIR BEARINGS....................................................................................................................... 2-4
EMISSIONS ........................................................................................................................... 2-4
ENCLOSURE.......................................................................................................................... 2-4
DUAL MODE OPTION ............................................................................................................. 2-5
DISTRIBUTED GENERATION .................................................................................................... 2-5
C1000 TURBINE APPLICATIONS ............................................................................................. 2-5
OUTPUT MEASUREMENTS ...................................................................................................... 2-6
Nominal ........................................................................................................................... 2-6
ISO Conditions ................................................................................................................. 2-6
Pressure .......................................................................................................................... 2-6
Volume ............................................................................................................................ 2-6
Heating Values ................................................................................................................ 2-7
TURBINE PERFORMANCE ....................................................................................................... 2-7
GRID CONNECT OUTPUT........................................................................................................ 2-7
STAND ALONE OUTPUT.......................................................................................................... 2-7
POWER QUALITY ................................................................................................................... 2-7
HEAT OUTPUT....................................................................................................................... 2-7
MAINTENANCE ...................................................................................................................... 2-8
CERTIFICATIONS, PERMITS, AND CODES ................................................................................. 2-8
CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM DESCRIPTION .................................................................................. 3-1
OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................ 3-1
MAJOR C1000 FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS .................................................................................. 3-1
C1000 Container .............................................................................................................. 3-3
Microturbine Engine (or Turbogenerator) ......................................................................... 3-3
Fuel System ..................................................................................................................... 3-3
Power Electronics ............................................................................................................ 3-3
Electrical Output............................................................................................................... 3-4
C1000 Controller .............................................................................................................. 3-4
Exhaust ............................................................................................................................ 3-4
CONTROL SYSTEM COMPONENTS .......................................................................................... 3-4
Load Controller ................................................................................................................ 3-8
Generator Controller ........................................................................................................ 3-8
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
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Fuel Controller ................................................................................................................. 3-8

Battery Controllers ........................................................................................................... 3-8
System Controller ............................................................................................................ 3-8
OPERATIONAL STATES .......................................................................................................... 3-9
Power Up ......................................................................................................................... 3-9
Invalid ............................................................................................................................ 3-12
Stand By ........................................................................................................................ 3-12
Idle Recharge ................................................................................................................ 3-12
Cooldown ....................................................................................................................... 3-12
Wait for Permissive (LPG Systems Only) ....................................................................... 3-12
Prepare to Start.............................................................................................................. 3-12
Liftoff .............................................................................................................................. 3-12
Light ............................................................................................................................... 3-12
Acceleration ................................................................................................................... 3-13
Run ................................................................................................................................ 3-13
Load............................................................................................................................... 3-13
Recharge (Hot Standby) ................................................................................................ 3-13
Cooldown ....................................................................................................................... 3-13
Restart ........................................................................................................................... 3-13
Shutdown ....................................................................................................................... 3-13
Software Download ........................................................................................................ 3-14
Fault............................................................................................................................... 3-14
Warmdown..................................................................................................................... 3-14
Disable ........................................................................................................................... 3-14
POWER ELECTRONICS COMPONENTS ................................................................................... 3-15
Generator Control Module .............................................................................................. 3-16
Load Control Module ...................................................................................................... 3-16
Battery Control Modules................................................................................................. 3-16
Battery Packs................................................................................................................. 3-16
Precharge Transformer .................................................................................................. 3-16
Main Output Contactor ................................................................................................... 3-17
Brake Resistors.............................................................................................................. 3-17
CHAPTER 4: OPERATING MODES ...................................................................................... 4-1
GRID CONNECT ..................................................................................................................... 4-1
Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4-1
Features .......................................................................................................................... 4-1
Power Specifications ........................................................................................................ 4-1
Configuring Grid Connect Mode ....................................................................................... 4-2
Auto Restart ..................................................................................................................... 4-2
Grid Connect Operation ................................................................................................... 4-2
STAND ALONE ....................................................................................................................... 4-3
Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 4-3
Features .......................................................................................................................... 4-3
Power Specifications ........................................................................................................ 4-3
Configuring Stand Alone Mode ........................................................................................ 4-4
Auto Load ........................................................................................................................ 4-4
Stand Alone Load Wait .................................................................................................... 4-4
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
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Soft Start Functionality ..................................................................................................... 4-4

Soft Start Voltage ......................................................................................................... 4-5
Soft Start Frequency..................................................................................................... 4-5
Battery Overview.............................................................................................................. 4-5
Main Battery Isolation Switch........................................................................................ 4-5
UCB Battery ................................................................................................................. 4-5
C1000 Controller Battery .............................................................................................. 4-6
System Sleep Mode ..................................................................................................... 4-6
Stand Alone Operation ..................................................................................................... 4-6
DUAL MODE .......................................................................................................................... 4-6
Configuring Dual Mode Operation .................................................................................... 4-7
Fast Transfer ................................................................................................................... 4-7
MULTIPAC ............................................................................................................................ 4-8
MultiPac Communications ................................................................................................ 4-9
Configuring MultiPac Operation ....................................................................................... 4-9
MultiPac Operation .......................................................................................................... 4-9
Load Management Modes ............................................................................................. 4-10
Normal (Base Load) ................................................................................................... 4-10
Time of Use ................................................................................................................ 4-11
Load Following ........................................................................................................... 4-13
DISPATCH MODES ............................................................................................................... 4-14
Load Balancing .............................................................................................................. 4-15
Efficiency Optimization Modes and Spinning Reserve ................................................... 4-15
Power Setpoint .............................................................................................................. 4-16
Manual and Remote Operation ...................................................................................... 4-16
CHAPTER 5: BATTERY MANAGEMENT .............................................................................. 5-1
BATTERY CHARGE MANAGEMENT........................................................................................... 5-1
EQUALIZATION CHARGE ......................................................................................................... 5-2
EQUALIZATION CHARGE AND CUSTOMER LOAD ....................................................................... 5-2
C1000 CONTROLLER UPS BATTERY MANAGEMENT ................................................................ 5-3
CHAPTER 6: FUEL REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................... 6-1
CHAPTER 7: PERFORMANCE .............................................................................................. 7-1
POWER OUTPUT ................................................................................................................... 7-1
Efficiency and Fuel Heating Value ................................................................................... 7-2
Fuel Parameters .............................................................................................................. 7-3
Exhaust Characteristics ................................................................................................... 7-3
ISO Full Load Performance .............................................................................................. 7-3
How to Use This Section .................................................................................................. 7-4
Ambient Temperature Table............................................................................................. 7-4
Elevation Derating............................................................................................................ 7-8
Inlet Pressure Loss Correction Factors ............................................................................ 7-8
Back Pressure Correction Factors.................................................................................... 7-9
Calculate Nominal Net Power and Fuel Input ................................................................. 7-10
Parasitic Loads .............................................................................................................. 7-11
Estimate Exhaust Characteristics ................................................................................... 7-11
Example Calculations .................................................................................................... 7-12
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
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Consider Tolerances ...................................................................................................... 7-13

Grid Connect Applications .............................................................................................. 7-13
Minimum Current Output ............................................................................................ 7-13
Stand Alone Applications ............................................................................................... 7-14
ISO Partial Load Performance ....................................................................................... 7-15
Example Calculations ................................................................................................. 7-23
CHAPTER 8: ELECTRICAL RATINGS .................................................................................. 8-1
GRID CONNECT ..................................................................................................................... 8-1
STAND ALONE ....................................................................................................................... 8-4
MEASUREMENT ACCURACY.................................................................................................... 8-6
CHAPTER 9: COMMUNICATIONS ........................................................................................ 9-1
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 9-1
C1000 CONTROLLER CONNECTIONS ...................................................................................... 9-2
EXTERNAL CONTROLS ........................................................................................................... 9-3
Start/Stop (Enable) Inputs ................................................................................................ 9-4
Local and Global Emergency Stop ................................................................................... 9-4
Battery Wake-Up.............................................................................................................. 9-5
Fault Input ........................................................................................................................ 9-5
Fault Output ..................................................................................................................... 9-5
External Gas Shutoff ........................................................................................................ 9-6
Dual Mode System Controller Interface............................................................................ 9-6
Modbus Slave for Control System Integration .................................................................. 9-7
EXTERNAL POWER METER INPUTS ......................................................................................... 9-7
DC POWER OUTPUTS ............................................................................................................ 9-8
MULTIPAC CONNECTIONS ...................................................................................................... 9-8
Ethernet ........................................................................................................................... 9-9
MultiPac Cable ................................................................................................................. 9-9
Signal Terminations ....................................................................................................... 9-10
Cable Connection Details............................................................................................... 9-10
CRMS-APS WITH ETHERNET .............................................................................................. 9-11
Overview ........................................................................................................................ 9-11
Connections to Third-Party Modems .............................................................................. 9-11
Communications Cable .............................................................................................. 9-11
Modem and turbine Settings ....................................................................................... 9-11
Wireless Modems ....................................................................................................... 9-12
Resources for Wireless Modems ................................................................................ 9-12
User Password Levels ................................................................................................... 9-12
Customer and Ancillary Connection Wiring Summary .................................................... 9-12
CHAPTER 10: MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................... 10-1
SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................. 10-1
BATTERY LIFE ..................................................................................................................... 10-1
CHAPTER 11: INSTALLATION ........................................................................................... 11-1
INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 11-1
SAFETY INFORMATION ......................................................................................................... 11-2
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
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Overcurrent Protection and Disconnecting Devices ....................................................... 11-2

Emergency Stop ............................................................................................................ 11-2
FUEL CONNECTION ............................................................................................................. 11-3
POWER CONNECTION .......................................................................................................... 11-3
Power Cable Sizing ........................................................................................................ 11-3
Power Cable Access Locations ...................................................................................... 11-4
SHIPPING AND HANDLING ..................................................................................................... 11-4
FOUNDATION ...................................................................................................................... 11-4
SERVICE CLEARANCES ........................................................................................................ 11-6
EXAMPLE APPLICATIONS ...................................................................................................... 11-6
Grid Connect Operation - Connection to a Utility System ............................................... 11-6
Stand Alone (Remote) Operation Turbine as Sole Power Source ............................... 11-8
Dual Mode Turbine is Both Grid Connect and Standby ............................................... 11-9
Reliability Operation, Isolated Turbine as Grid or Prime Power Source ..................... 11-10
Single Phase Applications ............................................................................................ 11-12
120-240 Volt ............................................................................................................. 11-12
120-208 Volt ............................................................................................................. 11-13
Full Power ................................................................................................................ 11-14
Special Applications ..................................................................................................... 11-15
Motor Control with Soft Start..................................................................................... 11-15
Dual Mode Operation ............................................................................................... 11-15
Power Meter Application ........................................................................................... 11-16
Examples of Single Line Diagrams............................................................................... 11-18
UTILITY INTERCONNECTION ................................................................................................ 11-21
Overview ...................................................................................................................... 11-21
Interconnect Application Steps ..................................................................................... 11-21
Feasibility Study ....................................................................................................... 11-21
Timeline.................................................................................................................... 11-22
Configurations .......................................................................................................... 11-22
Project Design .......................................................................................................... 11-23
Interconnect Application ........................................................................................... 11-23
Protective Relay Functions ....................................................................................... 11-24
Application Review by the Utility Company ............................................................... 11-24
Interconnect Agreement ........................................................................................... 11-24
Start-Up and Tests ................................................................................................... 11-24
CHAPTER 12: REFERENCED DOCUMENTATION ............................................................. 12-1
APPENDIX A: FACTORY DEFAULT MODBUS TABLE WITH PRE-DEFINED REGISTERS .... A-1
APPENDIX B: C1000 MODBUS PARAMETER TABLES ...................................................... B-1
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
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List of Figures
FIGURE
PAGE
Figure 2-1. C1000 Series Power Modules .............................................................................. 2-2

Figure 2-2. Typical Capstone C200 Turbogenerator Construction .......................................... 2-3
Figure 3-1. Major C1000 Functional Elements ....................................................................... 3-2
Figure 3-2. Major Power Module Functional Elements ........................................................... 3-2
Figure 3-3. C1000 Control System Components .................................................................... 3-5
Figure 3-4. Major Turbine Power Module System Components ............................................. 3-7
Figure 3-5. System Operational States Grid Connect ........................................................ 3-10
Figure 3-6. System Operational States Stand Alone ......................................................... 3-11
Figure 3-7. C1000 Electrical Architecture Main AC............................................................ 3-15
Figure 3-8. Power Module High Power Electronics Components ......................................... 3-16
Figure 4-1. Typical MultiPac Interconnection with C1000 Packages....................................... 4-8
Figure 4-2. Grid Connect Operation in Normal (Base Load) Dispatch Mode ........................ 4-11
Figure 4-3. Grid Connect Operation in Time of Use Dispatch Mode ..................................... 4-12
Figure 4-4. Grid Connect Operation in Load Following Dispatch Mode ................................ 4-13
Figure 4-5. C1000 Controller Touch Screen Display ............................................................ 4-16
Figure 7-1. Net Power vs Ambient Temperature .................................................................... 7-2
Figure 7-2. Elevation vs. Ambient Temperature Derating ....................................................... 7-8
Figure 7-3. Reactive Current Vs Real Current Output .......................................................... 7-14
Figure 7-4. ISO Partial Load Efficiency Vs Net Power (Nominal) .......................................... 7-22
Figure 7-5. ISO Partial Load Efficiency Vs Net Power (Maximum Efficiency) ....................... 7-23
Figure 9-1. Controller Location on the C1000 Series .............................................................. 9-2
Figure 9-2. Connection Locations within the C1000 Controller ............................................... 9-3
Figure 9-3. Power Meter installation ....................................................................................... 9-7
Figure 9-4. MultiPac Signal Interconnections ......................................................................... 9-9
Figure 10-1. Battery Temperature Increase due to Load Transients (per power module) ..... 10-2
Figure 10-2. Temperature Derating for Battery Life .............................................................. 10-3
Figure 10-3. Derating for Number of Starts per Year ............................................................ 10-3
Figure 11-1. C1000 Series External Connections................................................................. 11-1
Figure 11-2. External Connection Access Locations ............................................................ 11-5
Figure 11-3. Grid Connect Operation ................................................................................... 11-6
Figure 11-4. Grid Connect, Load-Following Operation Using a Power Meter ....................... 11-7
Figure 11-5. Stand Alone (Remote) Operation ..................................................................... 11-8
Figure 11-6. Dual Mode Operation ....................................................................................... 11-9
Figure 11-7. Isolated Operation .......................................................................................... 11-10
Figure 11-8. Zig-Zag Connection ....................................................................................... 11-12
Figure 11-9. Zig-Zag Vector Diagram ................................................................................. 11-12
Figure 11-10. 120/208 VAC Single-Phase Diagram ........................................................... 11-13
Figure 11-11. Full-Power Output via three (3) Isolated Single Phase Loads....................... 11-14
Figure 11-12. Dual Mode System Controller Connection Diagram ..................................... 11-16
Figure 11-13. Power Meter Connection Diagram ............................................................... 11-17
Figure 11-14. Single Line Diagram DMSC Example ........................................................... 11-18
Figure 11-15. Single Line Diagram Grid Connect Example ................................................ 11-19
Figure 11-16. Single Line Diagram MultiPac Example........................................................ 11-20
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
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List of Tables
TABLE
PAGE
Table 2-2. Exhaust Output Ratings ........................................................................................ 2-8

Table 6-1. Fuel Input Requirements ....................................................................................... 6-1
Table 6-2. Maximum Sulfur Content ....................................................................................... 6-2
Table 6-3. General Fuel Requirements for All Fuel Types ...................................................... 6-2
Table 7-1. Nominal Net Power Output and Efficiency versus Ambient Temperature .............. 7-5
Table 7-2. Nominal Net Power Output and Efficiency versus Ambient Temperature (Cont) ... 7-6
Table 7-2. Nominal Fraction of ISO Zero Inlet Pressure Loss Power and Efficiency ............... 7-9
Table 7-3. Nominal Fraction of ISO Net Power Output and Efficiency Vs Exhaust Back
Pressure at ISO Ambient Conditions ......................................................................... 7-10
Table 7-4. Example Calculation for Nominal Power, Efficiency, and Exhaust Characteristics7-12
Table 7-5. Maximum kVA and Current vs Voltage at ISO Conditions ................................... 7-15
Table 7-7. Partial Load Performance at ISO Ambient Conditions ......................................... 7-17
Table 8-1. Electrical Ratings: Grid Connect (1) ........................................................................ 8-1
Table 8-2. Electrical Ratings: Stand Alone (1) .......................................................................... 8-4
Table 8-3. Typical/Maximum Instrumentation Accuracy and Coefficients ............................... 8-7
Table 9-1. Start/Stop Input Connection Details....................................................................... 9-4
Table 9-2. E-Stop Connection Details .................................................................................... 9-5
Table 9-3. Operating Mode Connection Details ...................................................................... 9-6
Table 9-4. C1000 Controller and DMSC Terminal Block Connections .................................... 9-6
Table 9-5. Modbus Power Meter Wiring Pins to C1000 Controller PLC .................................. 9-8
Table 9-6. 24 Volt DC Power Source (10 Watt Max) .............................................................. 9-8
Table 9-7. C600, C800 and C1000 Connectors.................................................................... 9-10
Table 9-8. Twisted Wire Pair Limits ...................................................................................... 9-11
Table 9-9. Customer and Ancillary I/O Connections ............................................................. 9-13
Table 11-1. NL1L2L3 Cable Specifications...................................................................... 11-3
Table 11-2. Protective Earth (PE) / Chassis Ground Cable Specifications ............................ 11-3
Table 11-3. Power Cable Sets ............................................................................................. 11-4
Table 11-2. Mode/Configuration Performance Comparison ................................................ 11-11
Table A-1. Factory Default Modbus Table ............................................................................... A-1
Table A-2. Battery States ........................................................................................................ A-5
Table A-3. System States ....................................................................................................... A-5
Table B-1. List of Modbus Parameter Tables .......................................................................... B-1
Table B-2. Turbine Commands (SLAVE_CMD) ....................................................................... B-2
Table B-3. Turbine Operating Parameters Status (SLAVE_OPER_PARAM) .......................... B-3
Table B-4. Turbine Data (SLAVE_DAQ).................................................................................. B-5
Table B-5. PLC I/O Parameters (IO_ANA) .............................................................................. B-7
Table B-6. Slave Modbus Write Parameters (IO_SLAVE) ....................................................... B-8
Table B-7. Group Commands (GpCommand) ......................................................................... B-9
Table B-8. Group Operating Parameters Status (GpOperParam) ......................................... B-10
Table B-9. Turbine Settings (FRM_MDATA) ......................................................................... B-11
Table B-10. APS Settings (CASP)......................................................................................... B-14
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Document Overview
This document provides functional descriptions and specifications for the Capstone C1000 series
turbine, which consists of the C600, C800 and C1000 models. The following chapters include
descriptions of the major components and how they interact, detailed product performance data, and
basic application guidance. It is intended to be used by a variety of audiences and contains
references to additional information which may be needed to answer more detailed questions. Within
this document, you will find hyperlinks that will direct you to related topics in sections you are
referencing. Clicking these links will move the document to that section.
Below are a few examples of how this technical reference may be useful to selected audiences:
Safety Information
Obey all safety instructions and precautions in the C200 Users Manual (400008). Failure to do so
may cause personal injury and/or damage to the equipment. The user must read and understand the
Users Manual before operation of the equipment.
Only Capstone Authorized Service Providers are permitted access to the inside of the
enclosure.
Architects, Engineers, and other Equipment Specifiers

The C1000 series turbines are gas turbines with a variety of unique features compared with
traditional forms of electric generation. This technical reference provides an overview of how the
Capstone Turbine system operates, along with detailed performance information. This information is
intended to assist project specifiers and designers to properly select the best Capstone C1000 series
turbine for a given application, and then complete a system design that includes the selected
Turbine(s). Other documents that may be relevant for this purpose are:
C1000 Product Specification (460051) This document summarizes the key performance
characteristics of the C1000 turbine models, and is the basis for Capstones standard
warranty. The Product Specification information has precedence in the case of any conflict
with this technical reference.
C1000 Outline and Installation (O&I) Drawings (524341) Detailed dimensions, weights,
and other product installation information are contained in this document. The O&I
drawings take precedence in case of any conflict with this technical reference.
Fuel Requirements Technical Reference (410002) The fuel requirements document

provides detailed information about fuel characteristics required for proper operation of any
Capstone turbine.
Emissions Technical Reference (410065) The emissions for all Capstone distributed
generation products are summarized in this technical reference to address local air
permitting requirements.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 1-1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Protective Relay Functions Technical Reference (410033) Utilities commonly require that
protective relay devices be installed with generators connected to their grid. This technical
reference provides information for the protective relay functions incorporated into Capstone
Microturbines.
Capstone Turbine Owners and Operators

Owners and operators may find the technical information in this document useful to understand the
basics of how their Capstone C1000 series turbine operates. Capstone turbines are gas turbines with
a variety of unique features compared with traditional forms of electric generation. This document
provides information that will properly set performance and behavior expectations of the C1000
series turbine. Other documents that may be relevant for this purpose are:
C1000 Users Manual (400024) The C1000 Users Manual provides explanations of how
to interact with the C1000 series turbine (including details of the local user display), as well
as general maintenance guidance and simple troubleshooting.
C1000 Product Specification (460051) This document summarizes the key performance
characteristics of the C1000 series turbines, and is the basis for Capstones standard
warranty. The Product Specification information has precedence in the case of any conflict
with this technical reference.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 1-2
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Capstone Installers and Service Personnel

The C1000 Technical Reference is intended to be a hub from which installers and service
technicians can find all relevant technical details regarding the troubleshooting, installation, sizing,
and interconnection of the equipment. Other documents that may be relevant for this purpose are:
C1000 O&I Drawings (524341) Detailed dimensions, weights, and other product
installation information are contained in this document. The O&I drawings take precedence
in case of any conflict with this technical reference.
Fuel Requirements Technical Reference (410002) The fuel requirements document

provides detailed information about fuel characteristics required for proper operation of any
Capstone turbine.
APS Technical Reference (410079) The service edition of the Capstone Remote
Monitoring Software for the Advanced Power Server (CRMS-APS) provides more detailed
information for working with the C1000 packages than through the C1000 Controllers
graphic user interface alone. This document explains how to operate this service software.
C1000 Troubleshooting Guide (430073) This document provides detailed descriptions of

troubleshooting codes and suggested actions to resolve problems.
Protective Relay Functions Technical Reference (410033) Utilities commonly require that
protective relay devices be installed with generators connected to their grid. This technical
reference provides information for the protective relay functions incorporated into Capstone
Microturbines.
Standard Maintenance Schedule (440000) This document presents information sufficient

to allow an Authorized Service Provider (ASP) to properly schedule maintenance intervals
for microturbine installations.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 1-3
CHAPTER 2
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
CHAPTER 2: PRODUCT OVERVIEW

The Capstone C1000 series turbines are adaptable, low-emission, and low maintenance power
generation systems. The C1000 Series combines multiple turbine-driven high-speed generators with
digital power electronics to produce a single high quality electrical power output.
The Capstone C1000 series turbine is modular and built around a number of 200 kW power
modules, the number of power modules used can be determined from the model number or the
nominal power output; 3 are used in the C600, 4 in the C800 and 5 in the C1000. The C600 and
C800 models can be upgraded to higher power outputs in increments of 200 kW with the addition of
Capstone C200 power modules. The general term C1000 series turbine includes all three models.
Most attributes of the turbine package other than power output are identical across all models.
A clear distinction will be made in this document when system performance differs between models.
The C1000 series turbine is a versatile power generation system suitable for a wide range of
applications. Capstone's proprietary design allows users to optimize energy costs while operating in
parallel with an electric utility grid. The Alternating Current (AC) electrical power output from the
turbine can be paralleled with an electric utility grid or with another generation source. The turbine
can act as a Stand Alone generator for standby, backup, or remote off-grid power. Multiple systems
can be combined and controlled as a single larger power source, called a MultiPac.
The turbine can efficiently use a wide range of approved hydrocarbon-based gaseous fuels. The
turbine produces dry, oxygen-rich exhaust with ultra-low emissions. Utilizing both the generated
electric power and the exhaust heat can provide even greater energy cost savings.
Key Components
The C1000 series turbine systems consist of three (C600), four (C800) or five (C1000) power
modules installed in one compact 30 foot ISO-style container. The C1000 and its constituent power
modules are shown in Figure 2-1.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 2-1
CHAPTER 2
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
Power
Module
Figure 2-1. C1000 Series Power Modules

Each power module used in the C1000 series turbine systems consists of the following key
components: fuel system, turbine generator, power electronics and batteries (for Dual Mode
systems). Figure 2-2 details the Capstone turbine and generator.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 2-2
CHAPTER 2
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
Figure 2-2. Typical Capstone C200 Turbogenerator Construction
Main Features
The main features of the C1000 series turbine are:
Reliable, clean, maintenance-free generation of 600 kilowatts to 1 Megawatt of power.
Clean, useable waste heat is available for cogeneration applications.
Intelligent system controller with high efficiency modes, smart load following capabilities
and engine run time balance for better routine maintenance planning.
Power module designs provides inherently redundant configuration for outstanding
availability.
C600 and C800 systems can be upgraded to 1 Megawatt in 200 kilowatt increments with
an easy field retrofit kit.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 2-3
CHAPTER 2
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
The main features of the Capstone 200 kW power modules are:

A state-of-the-art digital power controller with built-in protective relay functions provides
two output choices:
Built-in synchronous AC
Stand Alone AC output (optional).
Patented air bearings eliminate the need for oil or other liquid lubricants.
Air-cooled design of the entire system (turbine and controller) eliminates the need for
liquid coolants.
Each 200 kW turbine engine has only one moving part: no gears, belts, or turbine-driven
accessories.
Advanced combustion control eliminates the need for ceramics or for other costly
materials or for catalytic combustion, and provides ultra-low emissions.
The integral annular recuperator (heat exchanger) doubles electrical efficiency.
Digital control technology facilitates advanced control or monitoring, and diagnostic
capabilities, both on-board and remotely.
Air Bearings
The turbine engine has air foil bearings (air bearings) for high reliability, low maintenance, and safe
operation. This allows fewer parts and the absence of any liquid lubrication to support the rotating
group. When the turbine is in operation, a film of air separates the shaft from the bearings and
protects them from wear.
Emissions
The Capstone turbine is designed to produce very clean emissions. The exhaust is clean and oxygen
rich (approximately 18% O2) with very low levels of air pollutants. Like all fuel combustion technology,
the turbine produces emissions (like nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide) from the fuel combustion
process. The turbine has ultra low nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) emission
levels. Refer to the Capstone Emissions Technical Reference (410065) for details.
Enclosure
The microturbine standard enclosure is designed for indoor and outdoor use. The enclosure
conforms to the requirements of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) 3R, and is
rated to IP 24 ingress protection requirements as specified in IEC 60529.
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Dual Mode Option

A Dual Mode option is available for the turbine. This option allows operation either with or without
connection to an electric grid (termed Grid Connect or Stand Alone operation respectively). This Dual
Mode option includes two large battery packs used for unassisted start and for transient electrical
load management. The battery packs are lead-acid type and completely sealed.
When operating in Stand Alone mode, the system can power connected loads at user-selected
voltage and frequency setpoints. It can power remote facilities such as construction sites, oil fields,
offshore platforms, and other locations where the electric utility grid is not available.
Distributed Generation
The microturbine produces synchronous current when connected to an electric utility grid. It allows
electric utilities to expand power generation capacity in small increments, to optimize current
infrastructure, and reduce or delay the need to develop, fund, and build new transmission and
distribution lines. The microturbine also allows utility consumers to offset part of their energy
consumption from the grid.
C1000 Turbine Applications

The C1000 series turbine is commonly deployed for use in the following applications:
Peak Shaving The turbine system can augment utility supply during peak load periods,
thus increasing power reliability and reducing or eliminating peak demand charges.
Combined Peak Shaving and Standby The turbine system can be used for both Grid
Connect power and Stand Alone power for protected loads. With the Dual Mode System
Controller (DMSC) accessory, the turbine can be programmed to switch automatically
upon loss/restoration of electric utility grid power. The turbine, with its low emissions, low
maintenance requirements, and high reliability is well suited for combination peakshaving and standby power applications.
MultiPac Power Multiple Capstone turbines can be connected through the Advanced
Power Server (APS) to achieve higher power outputs that operate as a single power
generation source. Multiple C200 and C1000 turbines can be connected for advanced
control and dispatch of up to 10 Megawatts of power generation. The APS allows the
control of several groups of turbines, each dispatched with their own control priorities.
Complex control logic can be implemented to maximize the value of the turbine
installation through integration of a utility power meter, building management system or
programming time of day power set-points to offset variable electricity rates. More
information is available in the Capstone Advanced Power Server (APS) Model 145
Users Manual (400026). All MultiPac installations of the C1000 series turbine require
the use of the APS-145.
Resource Recovery Capstone turbine models are available that use methane-based
oilfield flare casing gas or low-energy landfill/digester gas as fuel sources. The C1000
series turbine is available in configurations that can accept sour gas with up to 5000
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ppmv Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) content. This application helps reduce pollution and
provides economical power for on-site use as a by-product.
Thermal Heat Recovery The oxygen-rich exhaust from the turbine can also be used for
direct heat or as an air pre-heater for downstream burners. Third party HRMs allow
commercial businesses to offset or replace local thermal loads such as domestic hot
water, space heating, pool heating, and industrial hot water. In addition, the oxygen-rich
exhaust together with ultra-low emissions makes the direct exhaust applicable for some
food processing and greenhouse uses, such as heating, cooling (by absorption),
dehumidifying, baking, or drying.
OEM Applications The turbine core technology can be integrated into a wide variety of
products and systems. Uninterruptible power supplies, all-in-one combined heat and
power systems, and combined cooling, heat and power systems are some common
OEM applications.
Output Measurements
The measurements presented in this document are mostly in metric units (with U.S. standard units in
parentheses). Refer to the sections below for more data.
Nominal
The output values contained in this document are the nominal values and do not reflect tolerance
ranges. Deviations from the nominal value can occur due to differences between microturbines,
measurement inaccuracies, and other factors. Nominal performance is defined as the design
performance target for a specific microturbine model.
ISO Conditions
Combustion turbine powered devices (including the Capstone turbine) are typically rated at 15 C
(59 F) at sea level, or 1 atmosphere (1 atm) which is 760 mm Hg (14.696 psia) and identified as
International Organization for Standardization (ISO) conditions. For a complete definition of ISO
testing conditions, refer to ISO 3977-2.
Pressure
Pressure figures assume gauge pressure, or 1 standard atmosphere (1 atm) 760 mm Hg
(14.696 psia) less than absolute pressure, unless otherwise indicated.
Volume
Fuel gas and exhaust gas volumetric measurements are given in normalized cubic meters (m3),
defined at 0 C (32 F), and standard cubic feet (scf), defined at 15.6 C (60 F). Both volumes are
defined at 1 atm (760 mm Hg, 14.696 psia).
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Heating Values
Heat contents and heat rates will be found in either Lower Heating Value (LHV) (dry) or Higher
Heating Value (HHV), depending upon the application. Capstone calculates heating values at
1 atmosphere (atm) and 15.6 C (60 F), according to ASTM D3588.
Turbine Performance
The turbine electrical output capability is reduced when operating in higher ambient temperatures or
elevations, and by intake or exhaust restrictions. Refer to Chapter 7: Performance in this document
for details.
Grid Connect Output

The turbine electrical output in Grid Connect mode is 3-phase, 400 to 480 VAC and 45 to 65 Hz (both
voltage and frequency are determined by the electric utility grid).
Allowable connection types include a 4-wire wye either solidly grounded or grounded through a
resistor. For neutral ground resistor requirements refer to CHAPTER 8: Electrical Ratings - Grid
Connect.
Stand Alone Output

When equipped with the Stand Alone option, the electrical output is user-adjustable from 150 to
480 VAC and from 45 to 60 Hz.
The output power need not be balanced. Loads can be connected 3-phases or single phase and
phase-to-phase or phase-to-neutral, so long as the current limits of each phase are respected.
A Ramp Start feature can assist in starting single/individual loads with large in-rush currents. Refer to
CHAPTER 8: Electrical Ratings - Stand Alone in this document for more details.
Power Quality
The turbine output conforms to IEEE 519-1992, IEEE Recommended Practices, and Requirements
for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems. Refer to CHAPTER 8: Electrical Ratings in this
document for more details.
Heat Output
The recuperated turbine can produce the following amounts of clean, usable exhaust heat in the
range of 232 to 310 C (450 to 590 F). Each power module includes one exhaust stream of 305 mm
(12 in) in diameter flowing up to 62 normal m3 (2300 scf) per minute. These exhaust streams can be
manifolded in any combination as required by the specific application. Table 2-1 shows the values for
total available exhaust heat when all constituent power modules are manifolded together. Refer to
CHAPTER 7: Performance in this document for more details.
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Table 2-1. Exhaust Output Ratings

Parameter
C600
C800
C1000
Nominal Total
Exhaust
Energy
4,260,000 kJ/hr
(4,050,000 Btu/hr)
5,680,000 kJ/hr
(5,400,000 Btu/hr)
7,100,000 kJ/hr
(6,750,000 Btu/hr)
Exhaust Mass
Flow
3.99 kg/s
(8.79 lbm/s)
5.32 kg/s
(11.72 lbm/s)
6.65 kg/s
(14.65 lbm/s)
Maintenance
C1000 series turbines require little maintenance beyond periodic intake air filter inspections. The use
of air bearings, coupled with the fact that the turbine system does not incorporate a mechanical
transmission, means that no lubricants or coolants are used. There is no periodic replacement and
disposal of lubricants or filters and no associated inspection or monitoring requirements. Dual Mode
systems use sealed lead acid batteries which also require no maintenance through their expected
life. Refer to Chapter 10: Maintenance in this document for more information.
Certifications, Permits, and Codes

The C1000 series turbines are designed and manufactured in accordance with a variety of national
and international standards, including Underwriters Laboratories (UL), the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI), European Norms (EN), the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
(IEEE). For detailed information on the requirements of each authority having jurisdiction and how the
Capstone turbine meets those requirements, contact your Capstone Authorized Service Provider for
assistance and the latest Capstone Microturbine Compliance List.
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CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Overview
There are three models available in the C1000 series turbine, each with a different nominal power
output: the C600 (600 kilowatts), the C800 (800 kilowatts), and the C1000 (1 Megawatt). Each
turbine model is a system of gas turbine generator sets that provide electric power and clean process
heat. The C1000 series turbine is a fully integrated product that uses advanced solid-state power
electronics to produce utility grade 3-phase electrical power at 400/480 VAC and 50/60 Hz.
The integrated microelectronic controllers synchronize with the electric utility and provide utility
protection, thereby eliminating the need for additional third party protective equipment.
The C1000 series is built around the Capstone 200 kW turbine generator system. The C600 uses
three of these power modules to total 600 kilowatts, the C800 uses four and the C1000 uses five.
The use of 200 kW power modules in the C1000 series allows the C600 and C800 products to be
upgraded to higher electrical power outputs with the addition of 200 kW power modules and provides
opportunities for redundancy in all models.
The 200 kW power module and the individually packaged Capstone C200 are based on the same
proven architectural concepts as the Capstone Model C65 Microturbine. The proven performance
and reliability of the Capstone C65 over its tens of millions of hours of operation where used as the
basis for a C200 design. The C200 has an extremely high power density due to the high rotational
speed of its permanent magnet generator.
Just as the C65 and C200, the C1000 products have high electrical efficiencies for a turbine because
it incorporates an air to air heat exchanger, called a recuperator. By recovering exhaust waste heat,
and using it to pre-heat combustion air, the recuperator reduces the amount of fuel consumed by a
factor of two. The C1000 packages also use inverter based power electronics, ensuring the highest
quality power output and the safest grid interconnects.
Major C1000 Functional Elements

The major functional elements that make up the C1000 series turbines and their constituent power
modules are shown in Figure 3-1 and Figure 3-2.
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Figure 3-1. Major C1000 Functional Elements
Figure 3-2. Major Power Module Functional Elements

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C1000 Container
Each C1000 turbine generator system is housed in a 30-foot long container with five compartments.
Three, four or five of these compartments are populated with 200 kW generator modules, depending
on the model purchased. As previously stated, the 600 kW C600 model uses three 200 kW modules,
the C800 uses four, and the C1000 uses five.
Every container, for all C1000 models, has the same exterior dimensions, regardless of the number
of power modules installed in the containers five compartments. This leaves two empty modules on
the C600 and one empty module on the C800. At a later time these empty compartments can be field
retrofitted with a 200 kW power module if higher system power outputs or redundancy is desired in
the future. The C1000 container is suitable for outdoor installations and is of a rugged design
engineered to protect the turbine equipment from the elements.
The individual 200 kW power modules share a common fuel header, control system and electrical
output bus. The system is addressed from the single controller as one system, with a single
aggregate power output rating. To the user, the package can be considered a single turbine
generator set, with the advantages of higher efficiency over a wider operating range, higher
availability and redundancy and the ability to upgrade to higher power outputs in the future.
Microturbine Engine (or Turbogenerator)

Each 200 kW power module within the C1000 series package is an integrated turbine generator that
includes the combustion turbine (made up of a compressor, combustor, turbine, generator, and a
recuperator) and the associated power electronics, control, and fuel system components required for
power generation. The rotating components are mounted on a single shaft supported by patented air
bearings and spin at a maximum speed of 61,000 RPM. The permanent magnet generator is cooled
by the airflow into the turbine. The output of the generator is variable voltage, variable frequency AC.
The generator is also used as a motor during start-up and cooldown cycles.
Fuel System
The turbine can efficiently use a wide range of approved hydrocarbon-based gaseous fuels,
depending on the model. The C1000 series turbine uses a single fuel header to power all installed
power modules. A standard flanged gas inlet is available on the same end of the package as the
controller and power connections. Each turbine power module includes an integral fuel delivery and
control system. The standard system is designed for pressurized hydrocarbon-based gaseous fuels.
Other models are available for low-pressure gaseous fuels, gaseous fuels with lower heat content,
gaseous fuels with corrosive components, and biogas (landfill and digester gas) fuels. Contact your
Capstone Authorized Service Provider for data on approved fuels and performance specifications.
Power Electronics
Digital power electronics control and condition the turbine electrical output. The digital power
electronics change the variable frequency AC power from the generator to DC voltage, and then to
constant frequency AC voltage.
During start-up, the digital power electronics operate as a variable frequency drive, and motor the
generator until the turbine has reached ignition and power is available from the turbine. The digital
power electronics again operate as a drive during cooldown to remove heat stored in the recuperator
and within the turbine engine in order to protect the system components.
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Electrical Output
Dual Mode C1000 series turbines provide main 3-phase AC power with the following nominal
electrical output ratings:
C600 = 600 kW
C800 = 800 kW
C1000 = 1000 kW
C1000 Controller
The C1000 series turbine includes a controller that coordinates the operation of the digital system
controls of each constituent power module. It also has an advanced user interface with a touch
screen for control and monitoring of the C1000 components. The controller is installed in the C1000
series enclosure and is the turbine systems solitary controller as well as the central hub for all user
interface connections.
Options are available to communicate with the C1000 controller via RS-232 serial communications,
Modbus, Ethernet modem, or internet. This includes remote monitoring by the customer or by
Capstone service over the Capstone Service Network. Also, numerous industry standard protocols
are available to facilitate full integration into any Building Management System, Supervisory Control
and Data Acquisition (SCADA) or Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) based application.
C1000 series turbine users have many controller configuration options to ensure power is dispatched
according to their needs and with the highest possible efficiency and availability. Several methods are
available for configuration through a controller connected laptop, the controllers front panel or via
remote connection.
Exhaust
Capstone turbine technology provides high temperature, oxygen rich exhaust air so clean it can be
used directly as a source of heat in some applications. When exhaust heat is utilized, overall system
efficiency is increased. Turbine waste heat is typically used with a heat exchanger or absorption
chiller to heat or cool water to offset fuel and electricity costs without having any impact on the
system electrical efficiency or generation capacity.
The exhaust from each 200 kW power module in the C1000 packages exits the module individually
from the back where it can be directly vented to atmosphere or manifolded as required by a heat
recovery application. With up to five individual exhaust streams, many options are available for
optimizing the end users heat recovery needs and several standard exhaust ducting kits are
available for a number of possible configurations.
Control System Components

The C1000 unit controller is a supervisory control system with a full-featured Human Machine
Interface (HMI), and remote control and monitoring capabilities. The controller addresses the C1000
as a single unit with a single power output rating, dispatching power demand automatically to the
power modules in the most efficient and reliable way. This means that the operator addresses the
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C1000 as a single turbine generator, and not as separate power modules. See Figure 3-3 for a block
diagram of the C1000 Control System.
When the C1000 controller interfaces with the C1000 components, it is individually addressing the
200 kW power modules that make-up that C1000 package. Each of the 200 kW power modules has
its own integrated control system for its turbine, generator and power electronics. This section
describes in detail the architecture of the 200 kW power module controls that the unit level controller
supervises.
Figure 3-3. C1000 Control System Components

Each 200 kW power module in the C1000 series turbine is controlled by its own digital system
controller that works in unison with the controllers on the other modules to deliver the power output
command issued by the C1000 unit controller. The power output command delivered to each power
module is determined by the C1000 controller based on total power required, number of operating
units, engine run times, and maximizing efficiency.
The system runs in one of two primary electrical operating modes. The first mode is called Grid
Connect, where the system generates power at the level requested by the user and delivers it to the
existing, active power grid in the users facility. The other mode of operation is Stand Alone. In Stand
Alone mode, the turbine is the sole source of electrical generation and generates the power
necessary to support whatever load is connected to it as long as the load is below the maximum
capacity of the generator.
Each power module in the C1000 series turbine has its own primary independent digital controllers
whose specific tasks are as follows:
Load Controller, located in the Load Control Module
Generator Controller, located in the Generator Control Module
Engine Controller, located in the Fuel Metering Module
Two identical Battery Controllers, one in each Battery Control Module
System Controller, located in the System Control Module.
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Connecting these controllers are a low voltage DC bus and a communication bus. Power and
communication between the controllers flow over these bus connections as shown in
Figure 3-4.
Each of the major components has an embedded Personality Module (PM). The PM is an Electrically
Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) device which is used to store operational
parameters and user settings for each of these components. This allows the main operating software
to identify, and adjust for the operation of, various machine configurations. The PMs can be read and
programmed through the CRMS Software. Refer to the CRMS Technical Reference, Maintenance
Edition (410014) for PM upload and download instructions.
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Figure 3-4. Major Turbine Power Module System Components

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Load Controller
The Load Controller on a 200 kW power module is one of the primary digital controllers. It is
responsible for converting power from the high power DC bus to the customers desired AC output
voltage and frequency, or in the reverse direction to start the engine. In a Grid Connect system, the
Load Controller automatically matches the existing voltage and frequency of the customers grid.
Generator Controller
The Generator Controller on each 200 kW power module is dedicated to fully active speed control of
the permanent magnet AC generator/motor. This controller provides high frequency AC power to
initially accelerate the turbine/generator rotor to the required starting speed using power from the DC
bus. Once the system lights off, the generator controller maintains the speed of the engine as
required by output power demand. The Generator Controller converts the variable high frequency AC
generator output to DC power for the high voltage DC bus. This controller also has control of the
safety valve that opens and dumps compressed air overboard in the event of a loss of speed control,
and a brake resistor that can be used to control excess power on the DC bus.
Fuel Controller
The Engine Controller on each 200 kW power module provides fuel control, ignition, engine
temperature control, and monitors all engine sensors. The engine controller initiates the lighting
sequence of the engine once the Generator Controller has accelerated the turbine generator rotor to
the speed required for light-off. When ignition is detected, fuel flow is controlled to maintain an
exhaust temperature set-point. The fuel control system independently controls each of the six
injectors in order to maintain temperatures and is integral to the low emission and high efficiency of
the turbine system.
Battery Controllers
Each 200 kW power module in Stand-Alone or Dual Mode configurations has two identical Battery
Controllers that convert battery DC bus voltage from the two large DC batteries to system high power
DC bus voltage. These controllers are responsible for the sourcing or sinking of power as necessary
to regulate the DC bus. On Grid Connect configurations the inverter is used in place of the Battery
Controllers to regulate DC bus voltage using grid power. During a start on a Stand Alone system, the
Battery Controllers are responsible for turning on and charging the systems high power DC bus.
Battery health and monitoring software resides in the Battery Controllers to manage the charge of the
systems batteries and optimize battery life.
System Controller
The System Controller on a 200 kW power module is responsible for overall management of turbine
operation and interfaces with the C1000 controller. The individual controllers described above are
controlled, monitored and sequenced for complete system control. The system controller receives
commands from the C1000 controller or can be serviced through Ethernet communications using
CRMS software. The system controller logs all system faults and records data prior to, during, and
after all logged faults for the last 20 faults on record. As an additional safety feature, it has control of
all low voltage DC power to the fuel valves and will disable the fuel system, independent of the
Engine Controller, in the event of a fault.
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Operational States
Figure 3-5 and Figure 3-6 show the power module operational states and all possible transitions
between states. The transitions and active states can differ between Grid Connect and Stand Alone
operation. The fault logic will transition directly out of any state into the Disable, Warmdown, or Fault
state depending upon the severity of the fault. If the user initiates a download of new software, then
the system transitions to the Software Download state and remains there until the system is restarted
to ensure that the power is cycled after downloading new software. This cycle of power is also
required a system fault places the system in the Disable state.
Power Up
The Start-Up sequence differs for Grid Connect and Stand Alone modes:
For Grid Connect, the turbine draws power from the grid connection, which is transmitted to
the main electrical terminal connections on the C1000 package. Once grid power is applied,
the systems DC bus precharge circuit powers up the main DC power bus that supplies
power to the 24 VDC power supplies. These power supplies provide power throughout the
system to all the individual digital controllers, placing the system in the Power Up control
state.
For Stand Alone or Dual Mode configurations, the user must first press the Battery Wakeup
button located on the C1000 controller. This circuit supplies 24 V power from the C1000
controller back-up battery to the controller. The C1000 then initiates a power module Battery
Wakeup by momentarily closing the power module external battery wakeup circuits. The
external battery wake circuitry latches a contact that enables the precharge circuit on the
battery controllers to activate the batterys main controller. The batterys main controller then
energizes the systems primary DC bus using power from the main batteries.
While in the Power Up state, the System Controller goes through hardware and software system
checks to verify that all power module subsystem controllers are operational. The power module
system controller then determines if it is configured to be a Grid Connect, Stand Alone, or Dual Mode
system. If there are errors during this process the system will transition to the Invalid state. If all
Power Up checks pass, the system will transition to the Stand By state.
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Figure 3-5. System Operational States Grid Connect

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Figure 3-6. System Operational States Stand Alone

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Invalid
This is the system state transitioned to when the software or hardware does not match, or if there
have not been any jumpers installed to identify the mode in which to run. New turbines are delivered
with the operational mode unspecified and will be in the invalid state upon initialization.
Stand By
This is the primary state for the turbine after power up or anytime the unit is on but not issued a Start
command. For Grid Connect, the system will stay in this state as long as grid power is applied to the
terminals. For Stand Alone, the system has a timer that will turn off the power and wait for a battery
wake-up command to start back up after the timer expires. This timer is user adjustable and prevents
battery drain.
Idle Recharge
This state is available for Dual Mode or Standby systems that have batteries but do not run in Stand
Alone mode except in the very rare instances of a power outage. The user can command the system
to this state to charge the main batteries. The turbine uses power from the grid to perform a complete
charge of the batteries in order to maintain their health.
Cooldown
This state allows the Power Module fan to cool the power electronics if they are too hot for a system
start.
Wait for Permissive (LPG Systems Only)

This state allows the heat trace elements in the LPG system to warm up the fuel lines. Once the
appropriate temperature is reached, the system enters to the Prepare to Start state.
Prepare to Start
This state prepares the system to run at power. It sets the proper operating modes and then enables
the Load Controller, Generator Controller, and Battery Controllers (if present). Once these are
functioning correctly, the primary cooling fan is powered.
Liftoff
The Generator Controller is commanded to bring the engine quickly up to its start speed using the
reverse power to the generator. Once start speed is reached, the Generator Controller is put in speed
control mode and the system transitions to the next state in the sequence.
Light
The System Controller commands the Engine Controller to initiate the light sequence. The Engine
Controller fires the igniter and ramps the flow of fuel at the proper rate for the customers fuel type
until ignition is detected. Once the system controller detects the lightoff, the System Controller places
the Engine Controller in closed loop exhaust temperature control mode and transitions to the next
state.
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Acceleration
The system controller waits in this state until the Generator Controller has transitioned the engine
speed up to the minimum engine idle speed before transitioning to the next state.
Run
The system stays in this state until the engine is fully warmed up and the load command is set by the
user. Once both of these conditions are met, the System Controller transitions to the Load state.
Load
In this state, power is exported. In Grid Connect, the system will meet the commanded power export
of the user. In Stand Alone mode, the system will maintain output voltage at whatever power is
required up to the limit of the turbine output.
Recharge (Hot Standby)

This state is only active for Stand Alone systems. In Stand Alone, it is critical to make sure the
batteries are charged prior to shutting down. Therefore, the System Controller disables the main
output power, but continues to produce power with the engine, thus allowing the battery controllers to
fully charge the main system batteries. The time for this charge will vary with the existing health of the
batteries at the time of shutdown. Once the batteries are fully charged, the System Controller
continues to the next state. The system is also available to transition back to Load state, such as
when commanded to return to Grid Connect mode after a utility outage. This state is also referred to
as Hot Standby.
Cooldown
In this state, the System Controller turns off the Engine Controller, which turns off the fuel to the
engine. Once the fuel is off, the System Controller monitors the engine temperature until it has
dropped enough to stop the engine. It then transitions to the next state.
Restart
This state exists to allow the user to restart the turbine without completely shutting down first. The
System Controller commands the system back to the lightoff speed and then transitions back to the
Light state. If the fuel is LPG, the system will enter the Wait for Permissive state before entering the
Light state.
Shutdown
In this state, the System Controller commands the Generator Controller to run the engine back down
to the Liftoff speed and then quickly to zero speed. Once the speed of the engine is confirmed to be
at zero, the System Controller disables the Generator Controller, the Load Controller, and the Battery
Controllers (if the system is in Stand Alone mode).
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Software Download
This state ensures that the system is put in the proper configuration to load new software. The
system automatically enters into this state upon starting a software upload through the CRMS
software. Once the software load is complete, the user must cycle power in order to exit this state.
Fault
This is the state that all active operating states (except the Standby state) transition to if a shutdown
level fault is detected. Once everything is turned off, the system will clear the fault and transition back
to Standby if the fault can be reset.
Warmdown
This is the state that all active operating states transition to if a fault occurs and disables the primary
source of power after the engine has stopped providing power. In Grid Connect mode the primary
source of power is the Load Controller while for Stand Alone mode it is the Battery Controllers.
Disable
This is the final state for all severe faults and can be transitioned to from any state. Once you enter
this state, power in the entire system is shut down, and if in Stand Alone mode the system goes to
sleep. If you are in Grid Connect mode and the precharge circuitry is still working, the controller and
display could possibly stay on depending on the severity level and type of fault.
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Power Electronics Components

Capstone C1000 turbine generator packages utilize advanced solid state high power electronics to
provide high quality electrical power. In Grid Connect mode, the turbine supplies power as a current
source to an energized electrical grid. In Stand Alone mode, the turbine supplies power as a gridisolated voltage source.
Each 200 kW power module in the C1000 series turbine has its own power electronics to rectify the
high frequency AC generator output to high voltage DC and then to the desired voltage and
frequency power output. Then each of the power modules output is bussed in parallel on the C1000
packages single power output. Figure 3-7 shows the C1000 electrical architecture for the main AC
power output bus.
Figure 3-7. C1000 Electrical Architecture Main AC

Figure 3-8 shows the major components and architecture of 200 kW power modules high power
electronics. In the Control System Components section many of these elements were described from
a controls perspective. Here they are discussed in regard to their role in producing output power.
Generator Control Module
Load Control Module
Battery Control Modules (Dual Mode configuration only)
Battery Packs (Dual Mode configuration only)
Precharge Transformer
Main Output Contactor
Brake Resistors
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Figure 3-8. Power Module High Power Electronics Components
Generator Control Module

The generator control module converts the variable frequency, variable voltage output from the
turbine generator into a high voltage DC bus.
Load Control Module

The load control module actively switches the output of the DC bus into synchronized 3-phase
voltage and frequency.
Battery Control Modules

The battery control modules, included with Stand Alone or Dual Mode systems, convert the stabilized
high DC voltage to a lower DC voltage as that of the battery packs.
Battery Packs
The Battery packs, included with Stand Alone (or Dual Mode) systems, provide the power electronics
with stored energy for black starting and load transients.
Precharge Transformer
The precharge circuit serves in Grid Connect applications to activate the DC bus using grid power in
order to initialize the power electronics. The precharge circuit limits the in-rush current to the DC bus
during power up.
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SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
Main Output Contactor

The main output contactor is used to initiate and stop export of the systems main electrical power
output, and is located in the Power Connection Bay.
Brake Resistors
To prevent an overvoltage condition from occurring on the DC bus, a brake resistor is connected
across to the DC bus. These resistors are activated when the DC bus exceeds a predetermined
voltage setpoint which can occur as a result of rapid load shedding or an emergency stop.
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OPERATING MODES
CHAPTER 4: OPERATING MODES

This section describes the Grid Connect and Stand Alone operating modes, including transitions
between these operating modes, MultiPac operation, and Dispatch modes.
Grid Connect
Introduction
Grid Connect mode allows the C1000 turbine package to be connected in parallel with an electric
utility. When a utility grid disturbance occurs, the integrated protective relay functions of the 200 kW
turbine power modules will automatically shut down the system. The C1000 package can restart
automatically to resume supplying electricity to connected loads once grid power returns to normal. In
Grid Connect mode, the C1000 turbine generator package is a current source only - the turbine
synchronizes to the electric utility for both voltage and frequency reference. The turbine can be used
to provide base load power or shave peak power based on loads or user commands.
Features
Grid Connect functionality and user benefits are optimized in the C1000 turbine package through
several advanced features of the C1000 controller. Besides optimizing turbine efficiency for a given
power output and minimizing emissions, the C1000 controller will balance power module run times
and offers numerous custom and time of use controls for precise dispatch of power according to the
users needs. The time of use feature includes programmable peak shaving functions, which
automatically configure the turbine package to operate on a time schedule or to follow local loads
during specific time periods, reducing peak demand charges. These special features are described
as Time of Use and Load Following dispatch modes later in this chapter. Time of Use supplies
variable power levels at selected times to meet user load demand. Load Following tracks local
electrical loads to supply power on an as-needed basis.
The C1000 controller also includes Modbus, discrete, and Ethernet interfaces to external systems,
such as utility power meters, rate meters or Building Management Systems. These interfaces can
provide even better optimization of your electrical generation and heat recovery needs, providing
optimized operational modes based on electric demand, heat demand and utility pricing. Reverse
Power Flow Protection is easily included and prevents the turbine system from back-feeding power to
the grid. Implementation of Load Following mode and Reverse Power Flow Protection requires
installation of an external power meter and/or a timer or switch. The external power meter provides
information to the turbine on power flow at a point between the turbine and the grid power supply.
Power Specifications
The full-load power output in Grid Connect mode is three phase 400 to 480 V, 50/60 Hz. The turbine
automatically synchronizes with the grid, and will operate properly with any phase sequence. For
complete performance ratings, refer to Chapter 7: Performance and Chapter 8: Electrical Ratings in
this document. For discussion of the protective relay functionality, refer to the Protective Relay
Functions Technical Reference (410033). For discussion of electrical interconnections, refer to
Chapter 8: Electrical Ratings and Chapter 11: Installation in this document.
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Configuring Grid Connect Mode

The C1000 series turbine must be configured for grid connect mode through hardwire connections in
the User Connection Bay, and through software commands from the control panel or through the
serial communications ports using a PC with CRMS-APS. To operate in Grid Connect mode, the
following needs to be done:
Set the System Power Connect mode to Grid Connect using the control panel or using a
PC with CRMS-APS.
Provide external control connections to the Grid Connect enable input in the C1000
Controller. Refer to Dual Mode below for a discussion of how to switch between Grid
Connect and Stand Alone modes. Refer to Chapter 9: Communications in this document
for details on pin connections.
In addition to this Grid Connect mode setup, the means to start and stop the system must be
configured. The sections below provide additional functions to be considered for setting up dispatch
modes. The Chapter 9: Communications provides description of other input and output options,
including Emergency Stop and fault inputs.
The system power demand will also need to be set. Refer to the C1000 Users Manual (400024) and
APS Technical Reference (410079) for configuring all these settings.
Auto Restart
By means of the Auto Restart feature a turbine system automatically attempts a restart after lowseverity incident-driven shutdowns. If Auto Restart is on, the system will attempt to restart after a
shutdown due to any fault condition that is severity level 3 or less. This feature may be enabled with
any of the dispatch modes described below. Capstone recommends enabling Auto Restart to
increase system availability, deliver faster power output and reduce wear on the bearings.
Note that setting Auto Restart to ENABLE impacts both Grid Connect and Stand Alone operating
modes. Separate adjustable timers can be used to set different restart time delays for Grid Connect
and Stand Alone modes. These timers are only adjustable using CRMS.
If the Auto Restart feature is enabled, the system stores the ON command through a loss of utility
power. However, the turbine must be explicitly commanded ON for the Auto Restart operation to
function. For example, the system will not automatically restart and reconnect to the grid if the Time
of Use mode is not telling the system to be ON at that point. Operator intervention is required to
manually restart the system if a utility fault condition occurs and the related protective relay function
shuts down the turbine.
The Auto Restart feature is available in both the Grid Connect and Stand Alone operating modes.
However, each mode has a separate user-settable delay timer that is adjustable between zero and
60 minutes.
Grid Connect Operation

Once the system has been properly wired to the utility grid and any external control wiring has been
established, a Capstone Authorized Service Provider is required to complete the commissioning
procedure and set protective relay settings. The end user can then refer to the C1000 Users Manual
(400024) for proper operation and maintenance of the system.
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Stand Alone
Introduction
This section presents information on operating the C1000 series turbine in Stand Alone mode. Stand
Alone mode allows power generation at locations where there is either no electric utility service or
where backup power is desired when the electric utility is unavailable. For Stand Alone operation, the
voltage and frequency of the turbine system are set to meet load requirements. The turbine behaves
as a voltage source that always follows the power requirements of the load, (i.e., the output power is
determined by the actual current draw demanded by the connected loads).
The turbine in Stand Alone mode utilizes an on-board battery storage system to power connected
loads when no electric grid utility is available. The batteries provide energy for starting the turbines.
During operation, the batteries also provide energy for supporting transient load changes while the
turbines increase speed to provide the power required by the load. In addition, it serves as a buffer to
absorb energy during a loss of load while the turbine decelerates to produce less power. During
turbine shutdown, the battery may be placed in sleep mode to minimize drain and preserve battery
charge. Management of the battery and its state-of-charge is automatic during turbine operation.
Features
Most Stand Alone installations require the connected loads to be brought on-line once the turbine
load controller is producing the required voltage and frequency. Stand Alone systems can also be
configured for a Soft Start function, which allows the turbine to begin exporting power at less than
nominal voltage and frequency, and then linearly increases voltage and frequency to nominal levels
over a period of time. This Soft Start feature can assist in starting loads with large in-rush currents,
such as a single large dedicated motor. To meet output power requirements automatically, the
system can be configured in Auto Load mode. Auto Load ensures that the turbine closes the main
output contactor to immediately produce the required output power once minimum engine load speed
and battery state of charge are reached.
The C1000 series turbine includes integrated protective relay functions to check output voltage and
frequency, and will shut down if values fall outside of preset limits. The system will also automatically
shut down, and will not pick up load, if it senses utility voltage. If the connected loads demand more
power than the engine is able to produce, the turbine will take additional power from its battery
storage system to make up the difference until the battery state of charge drops below 60 percent.
Power Specifications
The full-load power output in Stand Alone mode is three phase 150 to 480 V, 50/60 Hz. The turbine
provides output in L1, L2, L3 counterclockwise phase rotation. For complete performance ratings,
refer to Chapter 7: Performance and Chapter 8: Electrical Ratings. For discussion of the protective
relay functionality, refer to the Protective Relay Functions Technical Reference (410033). For
discussion of electrical interconnections, refer to Chapter 11: Installation.
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Configuring Stand Alone Mode

The C1000 series turbine must be configured for Stand Alone operation through hard-wired
connections in the User Connection Bay, and software commands from the C1000 controller or
through the C1000 controller using a PC with CRMS. To operate in Stand Alone mode, the following
needs to be done:
Set the System Power Connect mode to Stand Alone using the C1000 controller or a
PC with CRMS.
Provide external control connections to the Stand Alone enable input in the User
Connection Bay. Refer to Dual Mode below for a discussion of how to switch between
Grid Connect and Stand Alone modes. Refer to Chapter 9: Communications for details
on pin connections.
In addition to this Stand Alone mode setup, a means to start and stop the system must be configured.
The sections below provide additional functions to be considered for setting up soft start and dispatch
modes. The Communications chapter provides description of other input and output options,
including Emergency Stop and fault inputs.
The system voltage and frequency will also need to be set. Refer to the C1000 Users Manual
(400024) and CRMS-APS Technical Reference (410073) for configuring all these settings.
Auto Load
The Auto Load option allows the user to enable the turbine to automatically close the output contactor
once the system has started and is ready to load. A Yes setting automatically makes power
available to match the load demand. A No setting requires the user, through the C1000 controller, to
manually enable the turbine to produce power to meet the load demand. This command can also be
set through the serial port using CRMS. The Auto Load feature should be enabled to have the
contactor automatically close when Auto Restart is enabled and a restart fault occurs.
Stand Alone Load Wait

The Stand Alone Load Wait function applies only to Dual Mode configured systems. This provides a
timer that maintains the system in Stand Alone Load State before the transition back to Grid Connect,
after the utility grid has returned to normal. The timer begins when the utility voltage and frequency
are detected to be within the required operating range, and maintains the turbine in the Stand Alone
load state until the time has expired. This timer is adjustable from 5 to 30 minutes.
Soft Start Functionality

In most applications, the C1000 package provides the user-defined voltage and frequency as soon
as the main output contactor is closed. The C1000 series turbine may also be configured to begin
exporting power at less than nominal voltage and frequency, and then linearly ramp to nominal
values over a selected time period using the Soft Start functionality. Both voltage and frequency can
be adjusted for this initial soft start function using CRMS software. This functionality impacts all
connected loads and is most likely only useful in application where the single driven load is a large
electric motor.
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Soft Start Voltage

The Soft Start Voltage (0 to 480 V) setting is typically used to enable the turbine to start a motor (or
other loads), which cannot handle full load current immediately. This parameter differs from the
Operating Voltage setting (150 to 480 V), which represents the load voltage at normal operating
conditions. When the output contactor closes, the system will provide demanded current at this
starting voltage and immediately begin increasing the voltage at the configured rate, up to the
nominal voltage. The Start voltage can be adjusted from 0 to the normal voltage setting. Ramp Rate
Volts per Second establishes the rate of voltage increase. When the output contactor closes, the
system will provide demanded current at the voltage established above and immediately begin
increasing the voltage at this rate. The Ramp rate can be set from 0 to 6,000 Vrms per second.
Soft Start Frequency

Soft Start Frequency establishes the starting frequency. When the main output contactor closes, the
system will provide demanded current at this starting frequency and immediately begin increasing the
frequency up to the nominal frequency. The Start frequency can be adjusted from 0 to the normal
frequency setting. Ramp Rate Hertz per Second establishes the rate of frequency increase. When
the output contactor closes, the system will provide demanded current at the starting frequency and
immediately begin increasing the output frequency at this rate. The Ramp rate can be set from 0 to
2,000 Hz per second.
Battery Overview
Each Stand Alone 200 kW power module contains two sets of batteries: the main batteries (made up
of two banks or sealed lead acid batteries) that provide power for starting the engine and to stabilize
power output during load transients, and a small 12 VDC battery in the User Connection Bay (UCB)
to provide energy to wake-up and engage the main battery system is engaged. Additional details on
the main battery system are included in Chapter 5: Battery Management.
The C1000 controller, on a C1000 series turbine configured for Dual Mode, also has an
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) battery for Stand Alone operation.
Main Battery Isolation Switch

A battery isolation switch located within the 200 kW power module can be used to disable the turbine
for service or transport. The switches on the two main battery packs in each 200 kW unit must be set
to ON for system operation. Refer to the C1000 Users Manual (400024) for details.
UCB Battery
Each 200 kW power module uses a separate battery located in the Communications Bay for remote
system battery wake-up functionality. The +12 VDC battery is recharged automatically when the
turbine senses a low state-of-charge.
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C1000 Controller Battery

In a Dual Mode system, the C1000 controller includes a UPS battery. During Stand Alone operation,
the C1000 controller receives power from the auxiliary AC power bus. However, the UPS is needed
to power the C1000 controller in Stand Alone until the turbine package is started and the main
contactor is closed. In a Grid Connect only system, C1000 controller power comes from the grid.
The 24 VDC power from the UPS is connected to terminal block TB2, pins 1 and 21, of the C1000
controller for distribution to the components in the controller. Input voltage, converted to 24 VDC from
auxiliary 480 VAC, is routed to the UPS from terminal block TB1, pins 1 and 2. When the UPS
senses zero volts at pins 1 and 2 of TB1, the backup battery in the UPS supplies 24 VDC to TB2,
pins 1 and 21.
The controller UPS battery is sized to enable a controller boot and sufficient run time to start the
connected turbines, at which time the controller back-up battery recharges. In extended power
outages, a 24 volt source may be needed to power the C1000 controller for an initial start. More
details are included in Chapter 5: Battery Management.
System Sleep Mode

Modes in the C1000 series turbine include a Sleep Mode to conserve battery power during prolonged
periods of inactivity. This reduction in battery draw can significantly extend the life of the power
module battery charge and the UPS battery in the C1000 controller. Sleep Mode inactivity time can
be adjusted from 0.1 to 23.9 hours.
NOTE
If the battery isolation switch is set to ON, and the display panel is dark, the system is
most likely in Sleep Mode.
Stand Alone Operation

Once the system has been properly wired to its loads, and any external control wiring has been
established, a Capstone Authorized Service Provider is required to complete the commissioning
procedure and set protective relay settings. The end user can then refer to the C1000 Users Manual
(400024) for proper operation and maintenance of the system.
Dual Mode
Capstone uses the term Dual Mode to describe the ability to automatically switch between Grid
Connect and Stand Alone operating modes. By definition, a Dual Mode turbine system includes the
batteries and associated hardware to be able to operate in Stand Alone mode. Sometimes a Dual
Mode version is used for a purely Stand Alone application (for example, remote power that will never
be connected to a utility grid). In this case, the Dual Mode features described here will not be used,
and only the Stand Alone operation description above will apply. For many applications, however, the
system is intended to operate in Grid Connect mode most of the time and transition to a Stand Alone
mode when the utility grid experiences a fault.
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Configuring Dual Mode Operation

As described in the Grid Connect and Stand Alone sections above, the turbine package must be
configured for the correct mode operation. This requires both hard-wired connections in the User
Connection Bays on the individual power modules and software commands from the C1000
controller or from a PC with CRMS-APS. To operate in Dual Mode, the following needs to be done:
Set the System Power Connect mode to Dual Mode using the C1000 controller and a
PC with CRMS-APS.
Provide external control connections to the Stand Alone enable and Grid Connect
enable inputs in the User Connection Bay of each 200 kW power module. Refer to
Chapter 9: Communications in this document for details on pin connections.
Once the system is configured to act in Dual Mode, the C1000 controller can activate the Stand
Alone or Grid Connect inputs on each turbine power module to automatically switch between Grid
Connect and Stand Alone operating modes. Care needs to be taken to avoid conflicting commands
that could damage equipment. Capstone offers a Dual Mode System Controller (DMSC) accessory
that provides the necessary wiring and logic to sense utility grid problems and automatically switch
between these two operating modes. The DMSC (or third-party accessory equivalent in function and
rating) is required equipment for Dual Mode operation. Without it, the C1000 controller cannot
operate the external breakers needed to disconnect from and reconnect to the grid. The DMSC also
provides Fast Transfer switching as described in the Fast Transfer paragraph below. Refer to the
DMSC Technical Reference (410071) and to the DMSC Users Manual (400023) for the description
and operation of the DMSC.
CAUTION
The turbine can only provide power in L1, L2, L3 phase sequence in Stand Alone
mode. Therefore, proper phase wiring must be respected relative to the utility grid
voltage. Connections L2 and L3 to the turbine may need to be swapped to achieve
a consistent phase sequence when switching between utility voltage in Grid
Connect mode and turbine voltage in Stand Alone mode to avoid damage to loads
that are sensitive to phase rotation.
Fast Transfer
The C1000 turbine packages are able to transition from Grid Connect to Stand Alone mode in less
than 10 seconds. The turbine is not able to reconnect to a utility grid without first sensing grid voltage
stability for at least 5 minutes (refer to Grid Connect above). However, protected loads can be quickly
transitioned back to a utility source by first stopping turbine power output in Stand Alone mode, and
then reconnecting the protected loads back to the utility. The turbine can then continue to operate in
a Hot Standby mode (producing no load power but recharging its batteries) until it senses the utility is
stable and then reconnecting automatically in Grid Connect mode.
The Dual Mode System Controller Technical Reference (410071) provides details about the
transitions and timing for fast transfer.
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MultiPac
This section provides technical information for operating the C1000 series turbines in a collective
arrangement known as a MultiPac. The C1000 package requires the use of the Capstone Advanced
Power Server (APS) for MultiPac applications. The APS allows up to 20 C200 units and 10 C1000
units (any combination of C600, C800 and C1000) to be operated as a single power generation
source. All of the logical groupings and dispatch modes for the MultiPac are available from the APS.
Refer to the Advanced Power Server (APS) Model 145 Technical Reference (410079) for details
utilizing an APS in MultiPac installations.
MultiPac operation features synchronous voltage and frequency for all turbines in the group.
Individual turbines share power and load on both a dynamic and steady state basis. A single physical
and logical control point designated as the Master directs signal and command information to all
other turbines. The APS must be designated as the Master.
A MultiPac can be operated in either of the operating modes described above: Stand Alone or Grid
Connect. In each mode, individual turbines share power, current and load on both a dynamic and
steady state basis, and generate current to meet the required load demand. Dual Mode operation
requires purchase of a Capstone Dual Mode System Controller.
An illustrative interconnection diagram is presented in Figure 4-1.
E-Stop
Switch
Hardwire E-Stop
(If Required)
Advanced Power Server

10BaseT
10BaseT
Ethernet
Switch
Controller
C1000
10BaseT
Terminator
Panel
PC
TB1
10BaseT
Hardwire
Batt Wakeup
(If Required)
MultiPac
(Sync, Wakeup, E-Stop)
Cable
Controller
10BaseT/
10Base2
Converter
C1000
MultiPac
Cable
Terminator
C200
Coax Cable
Terminator
Figure 4-1. Typical MultiPac Interconnection with C1000 Packages

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MultiPac Communications
Capstone turbines use two digital communications connections between systems in a MultiPac to
allow information to be shared:
Load Control Ethernet is used for command and control. Commands (i.e. start/stop,
power demand) are input to the APS which acts as the MultiPac master. The APS then
sends resulting commands to each turbine in the MultiPac. The APS routinely queries all
turbines connected to it for operational and fault data. Users can request data from any
turbine through the APS.
Inverter Synchronization in Stand Alone mode, one turbine serves as an Inverter

Master, passing voltage and frequency signals to all other turbines for synchronization
using RS-485 signals. Note that the Inverter Master does not have to be the MultiPac
Master, and requires no additional configuration other than setting up the MultiPac
through the APS. The MultiPac cable includes the RS-485 communications and also
includes global E-stop and Battery Wake-up lines so that these hardwired commands
can be immediately passed from the APS to all other turbines in the MultiPac. The APS
will wake the entire MultiPac. The C1000 controller of a C1000 series turbine in a
MultiPac will only wake the local modules in the C1000 series package.
Refer to Chapter 9: Communications in this document for details on these digital communications
connections.
Configuring MultiPac Operation

MultiPac operation with the C1000 packages requires the use of the Advanced Power Server (APS)
as Master for the MultiPac of C200 and C1000 packages. The turbines that are included in the
MultiPac must have a common inverter synchronization signal and must each be connected to the
APS via Ethernet. This may require the installation of a co-axial to Ethernet converter at each turbine
package. MultiPac must be enabled on each constituent turbine in the MultiPac through the units
controller display (if not a C1000) or through a PC running CRMS.
The APS must be configured with operational modes, dispatch modes and functional groupings of
connected turbine equipment as required by the application. More detail on configuration of the APS
can be found in the Advanced Power Server (APS) Model 145 Technical Reference (410079).
MultiPac Operation
MultiPac operation is designed to maximize the combined output power of multiple turbines. It also
offers redundancy - if an individual turbine shuts down due to a fault (depending on the fault),
remaining units will still continue to function. Additional functionality is available in MultiPac
installations using the APS (which is always required when C1000 packages are in a MultiPac):
1. Automated control of up to 10 C1000 turbine packages and 20 C200 turbines; schedule
start and stop times based on time of day, power required, utility pricing or more
complex logic.
2. Optimize the value of your turbine installation; run your units based on power demands,
economic benefit, waste heat utilization or emergency backup power requirements.
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OPERATING MODES
3. Maximize the efficiency and minimize the emissions of multi-unit installations; Max
efficiency mode allows the highest electrical efficiency to be reached across a much
broader output range through intelligent allocation of power demand to individual
turbines.
4. Reduce maintenance costs with Run Time Balance; the APS ensures that turbines
accrue operating hours equally, aligning scheduled maintenance.
5. Control and monitor all your turbines from one full featured, touch-screen HMI. System
integration through Modbus or hardwire is available from a supervisory controller or
Building Management System.
Please refer to the Advanced Power Server (APS) Model 145 Users Manual (400026) for complete
information on system abilities, configuration and system requirements.
Load Management Modes

Load Management Modes allow the C1000 controller to provide a fixed or variable output power as
required by the installation in order to optimize the benefit of the turbine installation while operating in
Grid Connect mode. The functional load management mode will determine the required output power
for the C1000 package. Load management does not apply to Stand Alone operation, since the output
power is determined by the connected loads. The three Load Management modes available are
Normal (or Base Load), Time of Use, and Load Following. Refer to the CRMS-APS Technical
Reference (410073) for how to select and configure these Load Management modes. Base Load
power set point can be selected directly through the C1000 controller display while Time of Use and
Load Following modes must be configured through CRMS-APS.
Normal (Base Load)

Normal operating mode is the initial factory setting for Grid Connect operation. When operating in
Grid Connect mode, the Normal Dispatch mode generates power according to the stored Demand
setting. The electric utility grid provides the remaining power to meet the total customer load. This
dispatch mode is also referred to as Base Load mode. Figure 4-2 illustrates a C1000 turbine
package operating Grid Connect in this Base Load (Normal) mode. In the example, the turbine
supplies 200 kW base power and the electric utility grid supplies the rest of the load demand.
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1350
1200
1050
Utility
kW
900
750
600
450
300
MicroTurbine
150
0
12
15
18
21
24
Time of Day (24 hours)
Figure 4-2. Grid Connect Operation in Normal (Base Load) Dispatch Mode
Time of Use
The Time of Use dispatch mode may be used for peak shaving during periods of the day when
electricity from the utility is at a premium. Time of Use mode allows the user to selectively determine
start/stop commands and/or power output levels for up to 20 timed events. Events are programmed
by day of week, time of day, and power demand in any order, and sorted by time to determine event
order. Figure 4-3 illustrates how a C1000 turbine package operating in Grid Connect may be used in
Time of Use mode.
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2400
2200
2000
1800
kW
1600
MicroTurbine
1400
1200
1000
800
Utility
600
400
0
12
15
18
21
24

Figure 4-3. Grid Connect Operation in Time of Use Dispatch Mode
Time of Use is configured using a PC with CRMS-APS software. Refer to the CRMS-APS Technical
Reference (410073) for configuring this dispatch mode. The dispatch mode is set for the C1000 unit
through CRMS-APS, the C1000 controller determines how the constituent power modules deliver the
required power.
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Load Following
Load Following requires an external power meter. The power meter is not supplied
with the turbine and must be connected between the turbine and the electric service
entrance. Refer to Chapter 9: Communications and Chapter 11: Installation in this
document for additional details regarding meter requirements.
NOTE
Load Following mode utilizes turbine power in excess of the base power supplied by the utility grid
(when required by external loads), allowing the turbine to track local electrical loads, and supplying
only as much power as is required. The turbine regulates the utility power flow to an adjustable
maximum - the utility power setpoint. If the local demand rises above this level by an adjustable
amount for a selected time period, the turbine is dispatched to supply the difference (up to its
capacity). Figure 4-4 illustrates how a turbine may be utilized in Load Following mode. In this
illustration, the turbine package supplies power above a utility power setpoint of 1500 kW, up to its
maximum power generation capability. Note that when actual load requirements fall below the
1500 kW utility setpoint, the turbine package stops producing power.
When setting up an external power meter, a Modbus slave compatible digital power meter is
preferred for optimal load following control. Pulse type meters can only be accommodated with
custom PLC logic. The system can avoid the export of turbine power to the utility grid with the correct
load following settings. Refer to the Protective Relay Functions Technical Reference (410033)
details. Refer to Appendix A: C1000 Modbus Register List for more information on Modbus
communication.
2500
2250
2000
MicroTurbine
1750
kW
1500
1250
1000
750
Utility
500
250
0
0
12
15
18
21
24
Figure 4-4. Grid Connect Operation in Load Following Dispatch Mode

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The Load Following mode is used in the following situations: 1) To reduce peak demand charges
(where applicable), 2) When power draw from the utility grid is limited by supply equipment capacity,
or 3) If installed turbine capacity exceeds the minimum local load demand and net revenue metering
is not allowed by the utility.
Configuring Load Following mode requires a PC with CRMS software. The parameters that need to
be configured using CRMS are as follows:
Utility Power Setpoints adjust the allowable upper and lower utility power limits as
measured by the external power meter.
Response Time sets the required time before the system responds with a new output
command based on power meter signals. This acts as a filter to smooth out transients.
Minimum Power Shutoff assigns an allowable power limit below the Utility Power
Setpoint (based on kW demand) that the turbine will operate before shutting down.
Minimum Power Start-Up assigns a minimum power limit for the turbine to turn on
(based on kW demand) if the system load exceeds the Utility Power Setpoint. This
parameter is intended to maximize system efficiency by allowing the utility grid to
continue operation instead of the turbine at lower power levels. Together with the
Minimum Power Shutoff, this setting provides a deadband to avoid frequent start-ups
and shutdowns of the turbine.
Meter Constant specifies the number of watt-hours represented by a single pulse signal
from the external power meter.
Refer to the CRMS Technical Reference User Edition (410013) for how to configure these settings.
As with other operational modes, CRMS-APS is used to configure the C1000 controller, which then
dispatches required power commands to the constituent power modules.
Dispatch Modes
The sections above have defined the two operating modes (Grid Connect and Stand Alone) and the
options available for determining a power demand set-point. The power produced during turbine
operation can be dispatched through a number of control modes. The dispatch or operational mode
determines the turbine power export set-point and how that power output requirement is allocated
among the power modules within the C1000 series turbine.
Not all Dispatch modes will function with each operating mode. This section describes the capabilities
of a single C1000 series turbine and the dispatch modes available through the C1000 controller.
Refer to the Advanced Power Server (APS) Model 145 Users Manual (400026) for details on the
additional dispatch capabilities available when operating a MultiPac of Capstone turbines (any
MultiPac containing a C1000 series turbine requires an APS).
The C1000 controller includes three control modes as described below. For each mode, the C1000
controller calculates the maximum power capability of the C1000 package based on the current
operating conditions. This feature allows the C1000 controller to correct for reduced package power
output and prevents the overloading of any power module in the C1000 package.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 4-14
CHAPTER 4
OPERATING MODES
Load Balancing
A power demand is provided to the C1000 controller and this demand is allocated evenly among all
enabled power modules in the C1000 series package. This mode is available for Grid Connect or
Stand Alone groups. Lower power demands may result in a lower efficiency due to the low power
demand on each power module in the C1000 series package. Engine response to power demand
changes will tend to be high, as each partially loaded engine in the C1000 package is able to
increase power output simultaneously. Most applications will prefer the Maximum efficiency
mode below.
Efficiency Optimization Modes and Spinning Reserve

The C1000 controller includes a number of features that take advantage of the multiple power
modules used in C1000 series packages to optimize turbine power generation efficiency while
operating in both Grid Connect and Stand Alone modes. Efficiency optimization takes the required
power demand and determines how many individual power modules must be operating to meet that
demand. The power demand is then divided equally by the operating turbines. This allows some
200 kW power modules to be shut down at lower power demands and increases the efficiency of the
operating power modules by running them closer to full power.
The Efficiency Optimization mode will result in some units being shut down, resulting in less power
modules being available to pick up increases in power demand. A value called spinning reserve is
available and is used to ensure stable turbine operation even when the efficiency optimized turbine
package is challenged with fast power demand changes. This value acts as an imaginary power
demand and should be set to the approximate value of the expected maximum power demand
change.
When the spinning reserve value is added to the actual power demand, the result is used to
determine the number of operating turbines required. The actual power demand is then divided by
the number of operating turbines in order to set the individual power demands for each turbine unit.
This ensures that a demand change equal to the spinning reserve setting can be accommodated
without the starting of an additional turbine, for a faster power response and more stable operation.
The faster response to changes in power demand comes at a small cost to overall system efficiency,
the spinning reserve can result in additional power modules being used to share the power demand.
Efficiency Optimization must be enabled or disabled through CRMS-APS and the spinning reserve
value can be changed remotely over Modbus, through the C1000 controller display or through
CRMS-APS, just as the power demand setting can be provided in remote or user modes. More
information on this feature is available in the Advanced Power Server (APS) Model 145 Users
Manual (400026), as the features functionality is identically implemented in that product.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 4-15
CHAPTER 4
OPERATING MODES
Power Setpoint
This mode of operation allows the user to set up a manually configured maximum efficiency
operation scheme by entering the On and Off setting for each power module in the C1000 package.
This is accomplished by using four settings for each turbine as follows:
On Power Threshold
Off Power Threshold
On Time Delay
Off Time Delay
Using this control mode, the user sets up the power levels at which each individual power module in
the C1000 package turns on and off. A power module that is not available for dispatch can be
bypassed. This operating mode is only available for Grid Connect operation.
Manual and Remote Operation

The C1000 controller includes a full featured touch screen local Graphical User Interface (GUI) that
provides full functionality for local manual operation. See Figure 4-5. While CRMS-APS may be
required for initial set-up, day to day commands can be issued from the units touch screen. The
touch screen allows the user to input a power set-point, spinning reserve set-point (Stand-Alone
modes only) and allows MultiPac capabilities to be enabled or disabled as well as unit starts and
stops. Basic monitoring of unit status is also provided, including power output, power meter reading
and C1000 I/O. See the C1000 Operating Manual for more information on the use of this interface.
Figure 4-5. C1000 Controller Touch Screen Display

410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 4-16
CHAPTER 4
OPERATING MODES
Most users will require some sort of remote operation or remote automation and interface with
supervisory systems. The C1000 controller includes Modbus communication protocols for easy
integration into supervisory station control systems and Building management systems. Most C1000
functionality is available over the Modbus communications link. Refer to Appendix A: C1000 Modbus
Register List. Refer to Chapter 9: Communications for more information about remote communication
with the C1000 controller.
The C1000 controller can also be optionally configured to accept hardwire commands for remote
control and interface with supervisory systems that lack Modbus capabilities. The included PLC in the
C1000 control packages can be supplied with additional I/O to accommodate custom remote control
needs, please consult your Capstone Authorized Distributor for more information.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 4-17
CHAPTER 5
BATTERY MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 5: BATTERY MANAGEMENT

Battery management for the two large battery packs used in each 200 kW power module in dual
mode systems consists of two activities: Battery Charge Management maintains the desired state of
charge (SOC) during operation and Equalization Charging of the battery packs optimizes the life of
the battery pack. Battery Charge Management is an integrated function of the turbine control system
that does not require any user input, but Equalization Charging does require user input. The following
section will explain how Battery Management functions and user operating and maintenance
requirements.
In Stand Alone operation, the primary functions of the battery are:
Provide power during onload transients
Accept power during offload transients
Provide power while starting and stopping the turbine
Provide power during standby state.
Battery performance is tied to regularly scheduled maintenance and equalization charging to optimize
battery life and ensure that the battery performs as designed. Refer to the Battery Life section of
Chapter 10: Maintenance for recommended preventive maintenance.
Battery Charge Management

Upon a Start command, the 200 kW power module leaves the Standby state to power up turbine
components to operational levels before transitioning to the Run state, where battery charging may
again occur. Once started in Stand Alone mode, the turbine will not advance to the Stand Alone Load
state until the battery state-of-charge is at least 60% (note that state-of-charge less than 60% will only
occur under conditions of poor maintenance, multiple subsequent fault cycles or end of battery life).
After the 60% SOC is reached, the output contactor is closed and the turbine begins producing
usable power.
The turbine system is designed to keep the battery at 95 to100 percent state-of-charge during Load
state operation to allow for sourcing power for load transients. If a user-initiated STOP is performed,
the system immediately enters the recharge state, to ensure the battery is over 90 percent state-ofcharge before entering the cool-down state. Normally, the system will take approximately twenty (20)
minutes to recharge the battery following a STOP command. On transition to cool-down, fuel is
commanded off and the turbine spins down, but remains rotating to provide airflow over engine
components for cooling. After cool-down is complete, the turbine enters a short Shutdown state
before finally entering the Standby state. No battery charging is performed while in Standby.
If the system is not commanded ON during a user-selectable time period, the system will
automatically enter a minimum battery drain state called Sleep state. This time period is called the
Auto Sleep Time. Putting the battery in Sleep state can preserve battery charge for up to six months
(life is based on ambient temperatures). Refer to the CRMS Technical Reference User Edition
(410013) for how to set the Auto Sleep Time.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 5-1
CHAPTER 5
BATTERY MANAGEMENT
Note that the batteries must be at least 90% state-of charge for the system to achieve the full Stand
Alone step load capabilities defined in Chapter 8: Electrical Ratings. Perform an equalization charge
(next section) prior to commanding the system to the Stand Alone Load state if the application
requires maximum step load capability.
Equalization Charge
The turbine will perform an equalization charge cycle periodically to maintain an equal charge in all
battery cells (charges the battery packs to 100%). This equalization charge may be automated or
commanded manually and may take up to four hours. Equalization charging may be disallowed
during certain hours of certain days of the week to prevent interference with dispatch schedules.
In Stand Alone mode, the software will automatically initiate an equalization charge based on watthours usage of the battery pack. For full time Stand Alone operation, this occurs approximately once
per week. A small amount of power produced by the turbine is provided to the battery pack to bring it
up to 100 percent state-of-charge. Note that this power is not available to output loads, and the user
may program allowable times for this charge to take place.
In Dual Mode configuration, the system will automatically initiate the equalization charge during the
Grid Connect Load state every 7 to 30 days based on the Grid_Batt_Eq_Chg_days value. If an
equalization charge is required, the system will initiate a battery wake-up, perform the 4-hour charge,
and then put the battery pack back into sleep mode. If a charge is not required, the system will put
the battery into sleep mode after 15 minutes in the Grid Connect Load state. As set by the factory,
charging is allowed any time of the day. Days or times should be reduced to prevent charging from
occurring during peak demand times. A minimum of one 4-hour window during turbine operating
hours is required to maintain battery life.
NOTE
Once an equalization charge has started, it will complete regardless of the day and
hour of the permission setup if enough power capacity is available.
Equalization Charge and Customer Load

Battery equalization should be considered when designing a dual mode turbine installation. There
should be enough power available after customer load requirements are met to recharge the
batteries. If the turbine always operates at full capacity and power is never available to conduct an
equalization charge, the batteries will wear out prematurely.
An equalization charge is requested due to three factors: (1) The battery voltage is low, (2) the limit of
energy in-flow and out-flow has been reached, or (3) the customer defined time limit for an
equalization charge has been reached, typically about one week. When a battery in a 200 kW power
module asks for power to conduct an equalization charge, the battery controller conducts the charge
with the surplus power that is available. An equalization charge for one battery can use up to a
maximum of 15 kW of power, and usually only one battery is in equalization charge at one time. If,
however, two batteries are in equalization charge at the same time, this can use up to 30 kW of
power.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 5-2
CHAPTER 5
BATTERY MANAGEMENT
Each battery requires a minimum of 5 kW of available power and approximately 4 to 5 hours to

conduct a meaningful equalization charge. Power that is available to charge the batteries is the
amount of power in excess of the load that the turbine can generate up to its maximum capacity. For
example, if the maximum capacity of the turbine is 172 kW due to performance derating (refer to
Chapter 7: Performance), the load demand cannot be greater than 167 kW for there to be 5 kW
available to conduct an equalization charge for one battery. If no power is available, the system will
exit the equalization charge state, and attempt an equalization charge at a later time.
The turbine will use available surplus power up to the maximum of 15 kW per battery to conduct the
equalization charge. If the load increases, the turbine will give priority to the load and reduce the
amount of power for the equalization charge. If an equalization charge has started, the charge will
continue even if an increase in load reduces available power. However, if the load increases to the
maximum capacity of the turbine then the equalization charge will effectively be stopped because no
power is flowing into the battery. In addition, if battery equalization is interrupted before it completes
the charging cycle (4 to 5 hours), equalization has to start at the beginning the next time an
equalization charge is attempted.
C1000 Controller UPS Battery Management

In a Dual Mode system, the Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) provides the C1000 controller with
uninterrupted power during normal operation and the flexibility to switch its power off when not
required. The UPS is only installed in a C1000 Controller that is configured for Dual Mode operation.
In Dual Mode, the UPS power system facilitates the Fast Transfer timer from Grid Connect to Stand
Alone. Refer to the Dual Mode System Controller Technical Reference (410071) information about
the Fast Transfer function.
UPS battery management in the C1000 controller is performed by the PLC, which has built-in logic to
shut down UPS power if there is no activity from any turbine bay for 15 minutes. The PLC
continuously monitors the activity of the power modules in all turbine bays. If the PLC detects that all
power modules are idle and in the Standby state, Fault state, or Disable state for 15 minutes, it turns
off UPS power. All turbine bays must exhibit these conditions before the PLC turns off the UPS. If the
power module in one turbine bay is operating, the UPS will remain on. If the UPS has powered down,
the touch screen on the C1000 controller will be off, and the UPS must be manually turned on again
in order to operate the C1000 series turbine.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 5-3
CHAPTER 6
FUEL REQUIREMENTS
CHAPTER 6: FUEL REQUIREMENTS

Capstone C1000 turbine systems are available in several versions that can operate on various fuels,
such as natural gas and medium BTU gases (such as from a landfill or anaerobic digester gas).
Capstone has defined these fuel types according to energy content, Wobbe index, and other
characteristics in the Fuel Requirements Specification (410002). Table 6-1 summarizes the energy
content and inlet fuel pressure requirements for each C1000 package fuel version.
Table 6-1. Fuel Input Requirements
C600, C800, C1000
Version
Fuel Type
High Pressure NG
Natural Gas
Low Pressure NG
Landfill
(1)
Digester
(2)
Landfill Gas
Digester Gas
Liquefied Petroleum Gas

(LPG)
LPG
Liquid Fuel
Liquid Fuel
Inlet Pressure
77.5 2.5 psig
(534 17.2 kPag)
2.63 2.38 psig
(18.1 16.4 kPag)
77.5 2.5 psig
(534 17.2 kPag)
77.5 2.5 psig
(534 17.2 kPag)
77.5 2.5 psig
(534 17.2 kPag)
2.75 2.25 psig
(19.4 16.0 kPag)
Fuel Energy Content

Range [HHV]
825 1,275 Btu/scf
3
(30.7 47.5 MJ/m )
950 1,150 Btu/scf
3
(35.4 42.8 MJ/m )
350 600 Btu/scf
3
(13.0 22.4 MJ/m )
550 875 Btu/scf
3
(20.5 32.6 MJ/m )
2450 to 2550 Btu/scf
3
(91.3 106.2 MJ/m )
Note (3)
Notes:
(1) Minimum power output for this fuel is 300 kW (C600), 400 kW (C800), and 500 kW (C1000). Additional fuel gas
conditioning will be required. Consult Capstone for specific application guidance.
(2) Minimum power output for this fuel is 105 kW (C600), 140 kW (C800), and 175 kW (C1000). Additional fuel gas
conditioning will be required. Consult Capstone for specific application guidance.
(3) Refer to Microturbine Fuel Requirements Technical Reference (410002) for liquid fuel specifications.
The fuel provided to each C1000 package must meet the inlet pressure requirements under all
operating conditions. Fuel flow during on-loads can be up to twice the nominal steady state value.
Nominal steady state fuel flow [HHV] at full power and ISO conditions for each 200 kW power module
is 2,400,000 kJ/hr (2,280,000 Btu/hr). The ratio of higher heating value (HHV) to lower heating value
(LHV) is assumed to be 1.1 for all fuel types.
Maximum fuel contaminants are defined in the Fuel Requirements Specification (410002) for each
fuel type. Some of the allowable contaminants depend on the specific turbine model rather than the
fuel type definition. For the 200 kW power modules, the maximum allowable sulfur content
(expressed as hydrogen sulfide) is shown in Table 6-2.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 6-1
CHAPTER 6
FUEL REQUIREMENTS
Table 6-2. Maximum Sulfur Content

Fuel Type
High Pressure NG
Low Pressure NG
Maximum Sulfur
Content (expressed as
H2S)
5 ppmv
Landfill
5000 ppmv
Digester
5000 ppmv
LPG
5 ppmv
The Landfill/Digester Gas Use Application Guide (480002) contains advice and examples for
designing fuel treatment systems for landfill and digester gas applications. In addition to this specific
guidance, Table 6-3 summarizes the requirements to be met at the inlet to each turbine for all fuel
types.
Table 6-3. General Fuel Requirements for All Fuel Types
Fuel Characteristic
Requirement
Maximum Temperature
50C (122F)
Minimum Temperature
Greater of
0C (32F)
or
10C (18F) above fuel dew point
Inlet Pressure Fluctuations
< 1 psi/sec (1)
Particulates
95% of particulates and vapors

< 10 m (2)
Lubricating Oils (e.g. from external

compressor)
none
Notes:
(1) Capstone recommends a regulator be provided at the C1000 package inlet to minimize pressure
disturbances in a common fuel header for all high pressure systems. Note that the inlet pressure ranges in
Table 6-1 are after the addition of any regulator.
(2) Capstone recommends the use of an external fuel filter in most cases. A common filter for a header feeding
all turbines is acceptable. Use a 10 m or finer filter element. A filter may not be required for U.S.
installations using commercial natural gas.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 6-2
CHAPTER 6
FUEL REQUIREMENTS
The C1000 series turbine package must be set up with the correct fuel settings for the specific fuel
type. Factory settings are adjusted for the nominal fuel type. A Capstone Authorized Service Provider
can make field setting changes, if necessary, using CRMS-APS.
Refer to the C1000 Outline & Installation drawing (524341) for fuel inlet connection details. All fuel
types have a single 4 inch 150# ANSI RF flanged fuel inlet connection located on the same side of
the package as the C1000 controller and electrical connections.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 6-3
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
CHAPTER 7: PERFORMANCE
The information in this section is intended to provide guidance for estimating the performance
characteristics of Capstone C600, C800 and C1000 turbines under different operating conditions of
temperature, elevation, load, inlet restriction, and exhaust back pressure.
Power Output
Gas turbines are often called mass flow devices due to the fact that they take in significantly more air
than is required for stoichiometric combustion. This results in a thermodynamic cycle that is
dependent on air density effects of temperature and elevation. Turbine systems have been designed
with this characteristic in mind, and the size and capability of the generator and associated power
electronics are matched to the micro gas turbine output. The industry standard for gas turbines is to
publish their nameplate-rated output based on ISO condition of 15C (59F) and 60% relative
humidity at sea level. Capstone turbines take the high frequency output of the generator that is
connected to a common shaft with the gas turbine power section and use power electronics to rectify
it to DC, and then invert back to useable AC power at 50 or 60Hz. Since the generator windings and
power electronics outputs are limited by their current carrying capacity, the net turbine power output
is typically maintained at some maximum level as temperature decreases, even though the gas
turbine could produce additional power.
Figure 7-1 shows an example of the published nominal power output of a Capstone 200 kW high
pressure gas power module as a function of temperature. Nominal performance is defined as the
design performance target for a specific microturbine model, and does not take unit-to-unit
manufacturing variations into account. Refer to the C1000 Product Specification (460051) for
expected minimum and maximum limits.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 7-1
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
Figure 7-1. Net Power vs Ambient Temperature
Efficiency and Fuel Heating Value

Gas turbines generate mechanical power by combusting fuel to expand incoming air to drive a power
turbine wheel. The recuperator in the Capstone turbine transfers some of the energy in the exhaust
leaving the power turbine section to preheat incoming compressed air, thereby reducing the amount
of fuel needed to expand the air driving the turbine. This results in nearly double the unrecuperated
efficiency. The exhaust leaving the recuperator is still at sufficiently high temperatures that the
products of combustion remain in vapor state.
The products of combustion for a hydrocarbon fuel are carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O). The
heating value of the fuel used in any engine can be calculated two ways:
1. Lower Heating Value the energy associated with condensation of water vapor is not
considered.
2. Higher Heating Value the energy of water condensation taken back to ambient
temperature is added to the lower heating value of the fuel.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 7-2
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
Since the turbine exhaust never gets cool enough to condense water and take advantage of that
additional energy of condensation, the industry standard is to use the lower heating value when
calculating efficiency. This is typical for all prime movers, whether turbines, reciprocating engines,
or fuel cells. When purchasing fuel, however, the total available energy content is usually referenced;
meaning the higher heating value. This technical reference may provide information in either unit of
measure, but will always signify whether it is lower heating value (LHV) or higher heating value
(HHV). For gaseous fuels, the ratio of higher heating value to lower heating value is assumed
to be 1.1.
Heat rate is an industry standard term for the amount of energy input for a unit electrical output, and
is often shown in British Thermal Units (BTUs) per kilowatt-hour of electrical output. There are 3,413
BTUs per kWh. The net heat rate is defined as electrical output (kWh) at the user terminals of the
turbine package. The generator heat rate is based on the electrical output at the generator terminals,
prior to the digital power electronics.
Fuel Parameters
Refer to Chapter 6: Fuel Requirements for detailed information regarding fuel parameters for the
Model C600, C800 and C1000 turbines.
Exhaust Characteristics
The exhaust information included in this section represents nominal temperature, mass flow, and
energy. Any fluid passing through a confined space (such as hot exhaust moving through a duct or
heat exchanger) will have some distribution of velocity and temperature. Testing using probes for
temperature or mass flow will therefore show differences, depending on where in the flow the
measurements are taken. The values in this section should therefore be considered averages across
the exhaust outlet of the turbine. The exhaust energy is calculated without considering the energy of
condensation, and is therefore based on lower heating value.
Each turbine power module control system uses turbine exit temperature (TET) as part of its control
function, and attempts to maintain TET to a preset value for most operating conditions. The exhaust
at the turbine outlet is lower than this TET, since some energy has been extracted in the recuperator
to preheat incoming compressed air. As a simple approximation, turbine efficiency depends on
ambient temperature therefore, the higher the efficiency the lower the exhaust temperature.
Efficiency does not change significantly with change in elevation. Therefore, to estimate exhaust
characteristics at elevation, consider the exhaust temperature to be the same as for a given
temperature at sea level and adjust the mass flow rate to reflect changes in power output. More
details on how to calculate exhaust characteristics are described below.
ISO Full Load Performance

A summary of nominal performance at full load power and ISO conditions for Capstone C600, C800
and C1000 turbine packages is found in the C1000 Product Specification (460051).
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 7-3
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
How to Use This Section

The following pages present several tables and graphs for determining the nominal net power output,
efficiency, and exhaust characteristics for various operating conditions. The information in these
tables is presented per 200 kW power module. For characteristics that must be scaled by the number
of power module in use, the heading indicates that the value is per module. These values must be
multipled by the number of operational 200 kW modules. For full power output of the C600 package
multiply by 3, for C800, multiply by 4, and for C1000 multiply by 5. In specialized applications, these
values can be multiplied by 1 and 2 to reflect application specific operational states or specific
manifolding for heat recovery or other applications.
Table 7-4 at the end of this section provides an example calculation. The basic method is
summarized below:
Look up the efficiency, exhaust temperature, and exhaust mass flow for a given ambient
temperature using Table 7-1. Keep in mind that exhaust mass flow must be multiplied by
the number of operational modules.
Estimate the power output using Figure 7-2 for a given temperature and elevation. This
power output will be multiplied by the number of operating units.
Apply inlet pressure loss power and efficiency correction factors (if any) using Table 7-2.
The power correction is dimensionless and requires no modification based on the
number of operational power modules.
Apply back pressure power and efficiency correction factors (if any) using Table 7-3.
These are also dimensionless.
Calculate nominal net power output and fuel input for the given operating conditions. The
factors are presented per power module and must be multiplied by the number of
modules in use.
Define parasitic loads (Fuel Gas Booster, water pump, etc.), either for the system or for
each power module.
Estimate exhaust temperature and flow for the given operating conditions. Exhaust mass
flow must be multiplied by the number of units in operation or the number of units
manifolded for the application.
In addition to the steps above, tolerances for a given application must be considered. Refer to the
Consider Tolerances section of this document for more information.
Ambient Temperature Table

Nominal net power output, efficiency, and exhaust characteristics versus ambient temperature at sea
level for each Capstone 200 kW power module in the C1000 packages (high pressure natural gas
model) are presented in Table 7-1. These values are estimated from nominal performance curves.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 7-4
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
Table 7-1. Nominal Net Power Output and Efficiency versus Ambient Temperature
Ambient
Temp
(F)
Net Power
per module
(kW)
Net
Efficiency
(%)
Exhaust
Temp
(F)
Exhaust
Mass
Flow Rate
per module
(lbm/s)
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.3
34.2
34.2
34.2
34.1
34.1
34.0
34.0
34.0
33.9
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.8
33.8
33.7
33.7
33.7
33.6
431.9
433.4
434.9
436.5
438.0
439.6
441.1
442.6
444.2
445.7
447.2
448.8
450.3
451.9
453.4
454.9
456.5
458.0
459.5
461.1
462.6
464.1
465.7
467.2
468.7
470.3
471.8
473.3
474.9
476.4
477.9
479.4
481.0
482.5
484.0
485.6
487.1
488.6
490.1
491.6
493.2
494.7
3.04
3.03
3.03
3.02
3.02
3.01
3.01
3.00
3.00
2.99
2.99
2.99
2.98
2.98
2.97
2.97
2.96
2.96
2.95
2.95
2.94
2.94
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Exhaust
Energy
Rate per
module
(kW)
(LHV)
Fuel Flow
Energy Rate
per module
(Btu/hr)
(LHV)
Net Heat
Rate
(Btu/kWh)
(LHV)
375.1
374.9
374.8
374.6
374.4
374.3
374.1
373.9
373.8
373.6
373.5
373.3
373.2
373.1
372.9
372.8
372.6
372.5
372.3
372.2
372.1
371.9
371.8
371.6
371.9
372.3
372.8
373.2
373.6
374.1
374.5
374.9
375.4
375.8
376.3
376.7
377.1
377.6
378.0
378.4
378.9
379.3
1,991,249
1,991,158
1,991,069
1,990,982
1,990,898
1,990,815
1,990,735
1,990,657
1,990,581
1,990,532
1,990,511
1,990,491
1,990,474
1,990,458
1,990,444
1,990,432
1,990,422
1,990,413
1,990,406
1,990,401
1,990,398
1,990,396
1,990,396
1,992,466
1,994,540
1,996,618
1,998,701
2,000,788
2,002,879
2,004,975
2,007,075
2,009,180
2,011,289
2,013,402
2,015,520
2,017,643
2,019,769
2,021,901
2,024,037
2,026,177
2,028,322
2,030,471
9,956
9,956
9,955
9,955
9,954
9,954
9,954
9,953
9,953
9,953
9,953
9,952
9,952
9,952
9,952
9,952
9,952
9,952
9,952
9,952
9,952
9,952
9,952
9,962
9,973
9,983
9,994
10,004
10,014
10,025
10,035
10,046
10,056
10,067
10,078
10,088
10,099
10,110
10,120
10,131
10,142
10,152
Page 7-5
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
Table 7-1. Nominal Net Power Output and Efficiency versus Ambient Temperature (Cont)
Ambient
Temp
(F)
Net Power
per module
(kW)
Net
Efficiency
(%)
Exhaust
Temp
(F)
Exhaust
Mass
Flow Rate
per
module
(lbm/s)
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
200.0
199.7
198.6
197.4
196.4
195.3
194.2
193.1
33.6
33.5
33.5
33.5
33.4
33.4
33.4
33.3
33.3
33.3
33.2
33.2
33.2
33.1
33.1
33.0
33.0
33.0
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.7
32.7
32.7
32.6
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.4
32.4
32.4
32.3
32.3
32.2
32.2
32.1
32.1
32.0
32.0
496.2
497.8
499.6
501.5
503.3
505.1
507.0
508.8
510.7
512.6
514.4
516.3
518.2
520.1
522.0
523.9
525.8
527.8
529.7
531.6
533.5
535.1
536.8
538.4
540.1
541.7
543.4
545.0
546.6
548.2
549.9
551.5
553.1
554.8
556.5
558.2
559.7
560.6
561.5
562.4
563.3
564.2
565.1
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.93
2.92
2.92
2.91
2.91
2.91
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Exhaust
Energy
Rate per
module
(kW)
(LHV)
Fuel Flow
Energy Rate
per module
(Btu/hr)
(LHV)
Net Heat
Rate
(Btu/kWh)
(LHV)
379.7
380.2
380.9
381.6
382.3
383.0
383.7
384.4
385.1
385.8
386.5
387.3
388.0
388.7
389.5
390.2
391.0
391.8
392.5
393.3
394.0
394.6
395.1
395.6
396.2
396.7
397.2
397.8
398.3
398.8
399.3
399.8
400.3
400.9
401.5
402.1
402.5
402.5
402.1
401.3
400.5
399.7
398.9
2,032,625
2,034,784
2,036,947
2,039,114
2,041,287
2,043,464
2,045,645
2,047,832
2,050,023
2,052,218
2,054,419
2,056,624
2,058,834
2,061,048
2,063,268
2,065,492
2,067,721
2,069,954
2,072,193
2,074,436
2,076,693
2,078,942
2,081,198
2,083,460
2,085,727
2,088,000
2,090,278
2,092,560
2,094,848
2,097,141
2,099,439
2,101,742
2,104,050
2,106,362
2,108,680
2,111,004
2,110,939
2,102,499
2,094,133
2,085,842
2,077,624
2,069,477
2,061,398
10,163
10,174
10,185
10,196
10,206
10,217
10,228
10,239
10,250
10,261
10,272
10,283
10,294
10,305
10,316
10,327
10,339
10,350
10,361
10,372
10,383
10,395
10,406
10,417
10,429
10,440
10,451
10,463
10,474
10,486
10,497
10,509
10,520
10,532
10,543
10,555
10,572
10,589
10,606
10,623
10,640
10,657
10,675
Page 7-6
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
Table 7-1. Nominal Net Power Output and Efficiency versus Ambient Temperature (Cont)
Ambient
Temp
(F)
Net Power
per module
(kW)
Net
Efficiency
(%)
Exhaust
Temp
(F)
Exhaust
Mass
Flow Rate
per
module
(lbm/s)
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
192.1
191.0
190.0
188.9
187.9
186.9
185.8
184.8
183.8
182.8
181.8
180.8
179.8
178.8
177.9
176.9
175.9
174.9
174.0
173.0
172.1
171.1
170.2
169.3
168.3
167.3
166.2
165.1
164.1
163.0
162.0
160.9
159.9
158.8
157.8
156.8
155.8
154.8
153.8
152.8
151.8
150.8
31.9
31.9
31.8
31.8
31.7
31.7
31.6
31.6
31.5
31.5
31.4
31.4
31.3
31.2
31.2
31.1
31.1
31.0
31.0
30.9
30.9
30.8
30.8
30.7
30.7
30.6
30.6
30.5
30.5
30.4
30.4
30.3
30.3
30.2
30.2
30.1
30.1
30.0
30.0
29.9
29.9
29.8
566.0
566.8
567.7
568.5
569.4
570.2
571.1
571.9
572.7
573.5
574.3
575.1
575.8
576.6
577.3
578.0
578.7
579.4
580.1
580.8
581.5
582.2
582.8
583.5
584.1
584.6
585.1
585.5
586.0
586.4
586.8
587.3
587.7
588.1
588.5
588.9
589.3
589.7
590.1
590.5
590.8
591.2
2.90
2.89
2.89
2.88
2.88
2.87
2.87
2.86
2.86
2.85
2.85
2.84
2.84
2.83
2.83
2.82
2.82
2.81
2.81
2.80
2.79
2.79
2.78
2.78
2.77
2.77
2.76
2.75
2.74
2.74
2.73
2.72
2.71
2.71
2.70
2.69
2.69
2.68
2.67
2.66
2.66
2.65
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Exhaust
Energy
Rate per
module
(kW)
(LHV)
Fuel Flow
Energy Rate
per module
(Btu/hr)
(LHV)
Net Heat
Rate
(Btu/kWh)
(LHV)
398.2
397.4
396.6
395.7
394.9
394.1
393.3
392.5
391.6
390.8
389.9
389.0
388.1
387.1
386.1
385.2
384.2
383.2
382.2
381.2
380.2
379.2
378.1
377.1
376.1
374.7
373.3
371.9
370.5
369.1
367.7
366.3
364.8
363.4
362.0
360.5
359.1
357.6
356.2
354.7
353.3
351.8
2,053,386
2,045,439
2,037,557
2,029,736
2,021,975
2,014,237
2,006,482
1,998,785
1,991,144
1,983,558
1,976,025
1,968,545
1,960,963
1,953,318
1,945,733
1,938,204
1,930,731
1,923,312
1,915,946
1,908,632
1,901,369
1,894,155
1,886,989
1,879,871
1,872,796
1,863,936
1,855,102
1,846,306
1,837,550
1,828,834
1,820,157
1,811,518
1,802,918
1,794,357
1,785,834
1,777,348
1,768,900
1,760,490
1,752,116
1,743,780
1,735,480
1,727,216
10,692
10,709
10,727
10,744
10,762
10,779
10,797
10,815
10,832
10,850
10,868
10,886
10,904
10,922
10,940
10,958
10,977
10,995
11,013
11,032
11,050
11,069
11,087
11,106
11,125
11,143
11,162
11,181
11,200
11,219
11,238
11,258
11,277
11,296
11,315
11,335
11,354
11,374
11,394
11,413
11,433
11,453
Page 7-7
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
Elevation Derating
Elevation affects power output by changing the density of the air.
Figure 7-2 provides expected maximum power output for several elevations versus ambient
temperature. Values shown assume nominal engine output, and are based on the 1976 US Standard
Atmosphere model to correlate air density to elevation. Electrical efficiency is not strongly dependent
on elevation, so the nominal efficiency values listed in Table 7-1 can be used to estimate fuel
consumption at any elevation for a given ambient temperature. A method to estimate exhaust
characteristics is provided below.
Ambient Temperature/Pressure Derating
power per 200 kW module
200
Net Power [kW]
180
160
0 ft
140
1,500 ft
3,000 ft
4,500 ft
120
6,000 ft
8,000 ft
100
80
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Ambient Temperature [F]
Figure 7-2. Elevation vs. Ambient Temperature Derating
Inlet Pressure Loss Correction Factors

Air inlet design can affect engine performance. The amount of air inlet filter debris can also affect
engine performance for all engine applications. The maximum allowable inlet pressure loss is 10
inches of water.
Table 7-2 presents the nominal fraction of ISO zero inlet pressure loss power and efficiency versus
inlet pressure loss at ISO ambient conditions for each Capstone 200 kW turbine power module.
These values are estimated from nominal performance curves. Interpolate, if needed, for inlet
pressure losses between those listed in Table 7-2.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 7-8
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
The inlet loss power and efficiency correction factors are defined as follows:
Power CF =
Efficiency CF =
Power Output
Power Output at Zero (0) Inlet Loss
Efficiency
Efficiency at Zero (0) Inlet Loss
Table 7-2. Nominal Fraction of ISO Zero Inlet Pressure Loss Power and Efficiency
Inlet Pressure
Loss
(Inches of Water)
Inlet Pressure
Loss
Power CF
Inlet Pressure
Loss
Efficiency CF
0.0
1.000
1.000
1.0
0.994
0.998
2.0
0.987
0.995
3.0
0.981
0.993
4.0
0.974
0.990
5.0
0.968
0.988
6.0
0.961
0.986
7.0
0.955
0.983
8.0
0.949
0.981
9.0
0.942
0.978
10.0
0.936
0.976
Back Pressure Correction Factors

The maximum allowable exhaust back pressure for each Capstone 200 kW turbine power module is
eight inches of water. Nominal fraction of ISO net power output and efficiency versus back pressure
is presented in Table 7-3. These values are estimated from nominal performance curves. Interpolate,
if needed, for back pressure values between those listed in Table 7-3.
The back pressure power and efficiency correction factors are defined as follows:
Power CF =
Efficiency CF =
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Power Output
Power Output at zero (0) Back Pressure
Efficiency
Efficiency at zero (0) Back Pressure
Page 7-9
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
Table 7-3. Nominal Fraction of ISO Net Power Output and Efficiency
Vs Exhaust Back Pressure at ISO Ambient Conditions
Back Pressure
(Inches of Water)
Back Pressure
Power CF
Back Pressure
Efficiency CF
0.0
1.000
1.000
1.0
0.996
0.998
2.0
0.992
0.995
3.0
0.988
0.993
4.0
0.985
0.990
5.0
0.981
0.988
6.0
0.977
0.985
7.0
0.973
0.983
8.0
0.969
0.981
Calculate Nominal Net Power and Fuel Input

The net power output can be estimated from previous steps by multiplying the inlet and exhaust back
pressure correction factors times the estimated power output from Figure 7-2. For example, using
Figure 7-2 for 30 C (86 F) temperature and 1,500 ft elevation, the estimated nominal power output
is 176 kW per 200 kW power module. If the inlet pressure loss is 2 inches of water column, then the
power correction factor from Table 7-3 is 0.987. For a 3 inch water column back pressure drop, the
correction factor from Table 7-3 is 0.988. Use the following equation to estimate the net power:
kW (net) = kW (elevation & temp) x Inlet CF x Back Pressure CF x N
Continuing the example, the 176 kW gross power output per module becomes a net power of
172 kW per power module after multiplying by the inlet and exhaust backpressure correction factors.
For a C1000 package with 5 200 kW operating power modules, N=5 and C1000 net power = 5 x 172
= 860 kW.
A similar calculation can be done for efficiency. Referring to Table 7-1 and using the same ambient
temperature of 30 C (86 F), the efficiency is tabulated as 31.7%. For an inlet pressure loss of 2
inches of water column, the efficiency correction factor from Table 7-2 is 0.995. For an exhaust
backpressure of 3 inches of water column, the efficiency correction factor from Table 7-3 is 0.993.
Use the following equation to estimate the net efficiency:
Efficiency (net) = Efficiency (ambient temp) x Inlet CF x Back Pressure CF
Continuing the example, the 31.7% gross efficiency becomes a net efficiency of 31.3% after
multiplying by the inlet and exhaust correction factors. Net efficiency does not require scaling by the
number of operating power modules. The fuel input can now be estimated from the net power and
efficiency using the following equation:
Net Fuel Input [kW] =
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Net Power Output [kW]

Net Efficiency [%]
Page 7-10
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
For the example given above with net output power (C1000 package with 5 operating modules) of
860 kW and net efficiency of 31.3%, the estimated fuel input is 2750 kW. To convert this to English
units, multiply the kW of fuel times 3,413 BTU per kWh to get 9,370,000 BTU/hr.
Parasitic Loads
The impact of parasitic loads on useable power output should be considered. For the low pressure
natural gas models, each 200 kW power modules internal fuel gas booster requires approximately
10 kW of power under most operating conditions. This is because it is always trying to maintain fuel
inlet pressure to the turbine regardless of turbine output power requirements or inlet fuel pressure.
So for any estimated net power output, subtract 10 kW for each operating low pressure natural gas
200 kW power module in the C1000 package. Other values may need to be provided if an external
gas compressor is used, or other system parasitic loads need to be considered. Using the example
above for of 30 C (86 F) ambient, 1,500 ft elevation, and inlet and back pressure correction factors
applied, the 172 kW net output per module becomes a useable power output for customer loads of
162 kW per module after subtracting 10 kW for a fuel gas booster. The C1000 package for low
pressure fuel gas in these conditions can then supply net power 810 kW.
Estimate Exhaust Characteristics

The temperature and mass flow for the exhaust can now be estimated, using the information
calculated above for net power plus the exhaust characteristics at sea level. The primary impacts to
exhaust characteristics are ambient temperature (which impacts electrical efficiency) and net
electrical output. A simple method to approximate the exhaust characteristics is to define the exhaust
temperature as if the system were operating at sea level, and then make adjustments to the exhaust
mass flow to reflect changes in the net electrical output due to elevation, inlet pressure loss, and
exhaust backpressure. An additional reduction of 0.5 percent per 1,000 ft elevation should be added
to the exhaust mass flow calculation.
So, for a given ambient condition use the following equations:
Exhaust Temp (elevation) = Exhaust Temp (sea level)
Exhaust Flow (elevation) = Flow (sea level) X
kWe (elevation)
kWe (sea level)
X [1 -
0.005 x Elevation [ft]

1,000
For the example above at 30 C (86 F) and 1,500 ft elevation, the exhaust temperature from
Table 7-1 is 570F and exhaust flow is 2.87 lbm/s per power module. From Table 7-1 the electric
power output at sea level is 187 kW per power module, and from Figure 7-2 the electric power output
at 1,500 ft elevation is 176 kW. Using the equations above:
Exhaust Temp (elevation) = 570 F
Exhaust Flow (elevation) = 2.70 lbm/s per power module.
For a model C1000 turbine with 5 operating power modules (N=5) the Exhaust flow (elevation)=5 x
2.70 lbm/s = 13.5 lbm/s.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 7-11
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
Example Calculations
Table 7-4 provides an example calculation for a C800 low pressure natural gas turbine operating at
30 C (86 F), 1,500 ft elevation, 2 inches WC inlet pressure loss, and 3 inches WC exhaust back
pressure.
Table 7-4. Example Calculation for Nominal Power, Efficiency, and Exhaust Characteristics
Steps
Rule
Example
1. Define output power per

module, efficiency, and exhaust
characteristics (some per
module) at ambient temperature
and sea level
Use Table 7-1
For 86F (30C) Ambient:

Output = 186 kW electric per module
Efficiency = 31.7%
Exhaust Temp = 570F
Exhaust Flow = 2.87 lbm/s per module
2. Estimate electric output at the

given elevation
Use
Figure 7-2
for 1,500ft Elevation:

Output = 176 kW electric per module
3. Estimate Power and Efficiency

Correction Factors for Inlet
Pressure Loss
Use Table 7-2
for 2 inch WC:

Power CF = .987
Efficiency CF = .995
4. Estimate Power and Efficiency

Correction Factors for Exhaust
Back Pressure
Use Table 7-3
for 3 inch WC:

Power CF = .988
Efficiency CF = .993
5. Calculate Nominal Net Power

Output
kW (net) = kW (step 2) x Inlet

CF x Exhaust CF
For Example Above:

kWnet = 172 kW per module
6. Calculate package Net Power
Multiply per module result by

number of operating modules
For C800, N=4:

kWnet = 4 X 172 = 688 kW
7. Calculate Nominal Net

Efficiency
Efficiency (net) = Efficiency

(step 1) x Inlet CF x Exhaust
CF
For Example Above:

Efficiency (net) = 31.3%
8. Calculate Fuel Input per

module
Fuel [kW] = kW(net)/

Efficiency (net)
For Example Above:

Fuel [kW] = 550 kW
(or 1,880,000 BTU/hr) per module
9. Calculate Fuel input for

package
Multiply per module result by

For C800, N=4:

Fuel [kW] = 550 X 4 = 2200 kW
(7,520,000 BTU/hr)
10. Consider Parasitic Loads
Subtract net parasitic loads,

if any
For Low Pressure NG C800:

Parasitic = 10 kW per module
Useable Power = 162 kW per module
or 648 kW net
11. Estimate Exhaust

Characteristics
Temp = Temp from step 1

Flow = Flow from step 1
times kWnet/kW step 2 less
.5% per 1,000 ft Elevation x
Exhaust Temp = 570 F

Exhaust Flow = 2.7 lbm/s x 4 = 10.8
lbm/s
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 7-12
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
Consider Tolerances
The calculations described above provide a relatively simple method to estimate electrical output, fuel
consumption, and exhaust characteristics for given operating conditions. These calculations are
based on nominal values, and do not consider differences from turbine to turbine or the
measurement inaccuracies for each of the key parameters. The Capstone C1000 Product
Specification (460051) provides curves showing minimum and maximum expected power and
efficiency at sea level. A similar tolerance range of outputs can be expected for the impact of altitude
and pressures. The following sections call out a suggested approach to using the performance
information in this section.
Grid Connect Applications

When operating connected to a utility grid, Capstone turbines will always attempt to provide the set
power demand. In the case where the set power demand is greater than what the turbine is able to
produce, the turbine will provide the maximum that it can, given the specific operating conditions.
This actual output may be above or below the nominal calculations defined above for that specific
operating condition. For purposes of making economic projections, it is suggested that the nominal
output be used, since this is what would be expected on average for a fleet of turbines.
Note that Capstone turbines operating in Grid Connect mode will generate real power (kW) at
essentially unity power factor. This means that the apparent power (kVA) is equal to the real power
(kW), and no reactive power is either provided to or taken from the utility grid in the standard
configuration.
Minimum Current Output

In grid connect mode, the C1000 series electronics uses a minimum current output to detect the loss
of an individual phase at the point of connection to the grid. The inverter electronics on each 200 kW
module produces a reactive current at 15 ARMS minimum while the system is running at no load
power output (0 kW). The reactive current decays as the real current increases beyond the minimum
output current. The reactive current is reduced to zero when the real current is two or more times the
minimum output setting. See Figure 7-3 and the following example for a description of the minimum
current output sequence.
Reactive current (IZ) at no load (0 kW) is 15 ARMS minimum output current.
When real current (IR) reaches minimum output current (15 ARMS) IZ begins to decay.
When IR is 30 ARMS (2 x minimum output current) IZ is zero.
The actual current measured at the output of each 200 kW module may be slightly more than the
commanded reactive current at no-load real power demand. This is due to the fact that the total
current is the sum of the current from the inverter and the line filter. The actual current measured at
the output of the C1000 series system at no-load real power demand will be the sum of the output
from all running 200 kW modules.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 7-13
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
Figure 7-3. Reactive Current Vs Real Current Output
Stand Alone Applications

Stand Alone applications are more complicated than Grid Connect because only the turbines are
being relied upon for load power. Each turbine will try to maintain its pre-set voltage, regardless of the
connected loads. If the load is above the capability of the engine to provide continuous power, the
batteries in the turbine will supply the shortfall in an attempt to keep the system running. If this
overload condition continues, the batteries will ultimately be drained and the system will eventually
shut down. It is therefore suggested that steady state loads be sized based on the following steps:
1. Worst Case Operating Environment For a given site location, nominal power should be
estimated based on the actual elevation, highest expected ambient temperature, and any
other de-rating considerations such as for inlet pressure loss or exhaust back pressure and
any parasitic loads.
2. Load Safety Margin As would be normal practice for any Stand Alone prime mover, a
reasonable amount of head room should be allocated to cover unexpected load increases
and/or normal variation in load tolerances. Connected loads should therefore not be sized to
exceed 80% of the unit nominal power output.
In Stand Alone mode, the C1000 series turbine is a voltage source and is able to generate real power
(kW) according to the calculations above, as well as provide reactive power (kVAR) that the
connected loads may require. The C1000 series turbine will try to provide total apparent power (kVA)
up to the 300 ARMS (per 200 kW power module) current limits of the power electronics. However, for
design purposes, the power factor for the connected loads should not be less than 0.80 leading or
lagging. Table 7-5 shows the respective maximum steady state currents at ISO conditions for
different voltages.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 7-14
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
Table 7-5. Maximum kVA and Current vs Voltage at ISO Conditions
200 kW
power
module
C600
C800
C1000
System
Voltage
Real Power
Power
Factor
Apparent
Power
Maximum
Steady State
Current
480 V
line-to-line
200 kW
0.8 (1)
250 kVA
300 ARMS
400 V
line-to-line
200 kW
0.96 (1)
208 kVA
300 ARMS
480 V
line-to-line
600 kW
0.8 (1)
750 kVA
900 ARMS
400 V
line-to-line
600 kW
0.96 (1)
624 kVA
900 ARMS
480 V
line-to-line
800 kW
0.8 (1)
1000 kVA
1200 ARMS
400 V
line-to-line
800 kW
0.96 (1)
832 kVA
1200 ARMS
480 V
line-to-line
1000 kW
0.8 (1)
1250 kVA
1500 ARMS
400 V
line-to-line
1000 kW
0.96 (1)
1040 kVA
1500 ARMS
Note:
(1) Current is limited by power electronics capability, and power factor is limited by maximum current.
ISO Partial Load Performance

Refer to Table 7-7 for performance data, per 200 kW power module, for C1000 high pressure natural
gas turbine systems at partial load and ISO conditions. These values are estimated from nominal
performance curves. Performance for biogas models is also predicted using these tables, but biogas
power modules are not designed to operate below 100 kW net power output (and are therefore only
available in grid connect configurations). Performance of the low pressure natural gas models can be
estimated from Table 7-7 by first accounting for the parasitic loss of the compressor. As previously
indicated, parameters such as exhaust temperature, exhaust mass flow, and fuel flow energy rate,
are determined prior to the deduction of the compressors parasitic load. For a given net output power
these performance characteristics can be estimated by using the performance values corresponding
to the net output power plus 10 kW.
In determining the part load performance of the C1000 series turbines, the operating mode must be
taken into consideration. A single net power output can be dispatched in many different ways from
the 3, 4, or 5 200 kW power modules in the package. See Chapter 4: Operating Modes, Dispatch
Modes for more detail on the ways a power set-point can be delivered.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 7-15
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
In short, the power output can be achieved either by running each operating power module at the
same power or by optimizing efficiency by running a number of the modules at full power and the
remaining modules at partial load or idle. If Maximum efficiency mode is used to reach a partial load
power output for the package, overall electrical efficiency will have to be calculated by using a
weighted average of the efficiencies and power outputs of the modules that are running. See the
example calculation that follows.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 7-16
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
Table 7-6. Partial Load Performance at ISO Ambient Conditions

Net Power
per 200 kW
module
(kW)
Net
Efficiency
(%)
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
13.6
14.2
14.8
15.3
15.8
16.2
16.7
17.1
17.5
17.9
18.3
18.6
19.1
19.4
19.7
20.0
20.3
20.6
20.9
21.2
21.5
21.8
22.0
22.3
22.5
22.8
23.0
23.2
23.4
23.7
23.9
24.1
24.3
24.5
24.7
24.9
25.1
25.2
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Exhaust
Temp
(F)
Exhaust
Mass
Flow Rate
per
module
(lbm/s)
Exhaust
Energy
Rate per
module
(kW)
(LHV)
Fuel Flow
Energy Rate
per module
(Btu/hr) (LHV)
Net Heat Rate

(Btu/kWh LHV)
326.7
328.4
330.1
331.9
333.6
335.3
337.0
338.6
340.2
341.8
343.3
344.8
346.1
347.6
349.0
350.5
351.9
353.3
354.6
356.0
357.3
358.6
359.8
361.1
362.3
363.5
364.7
365.8
367.0
368.1
369.2
370.3
371.6
372.9
374.2
375.4
376.7
377.9
0.97
0.99
1.00
1.02
1.03
1.05
1.07
1.08
1.10
1.11
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.17
1.18
1.20
1.21
1.23
1.24
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
69.8
71.4
73.0
74.7
76.5
78.2
79.9
81.6
83.3
84.9
86.6
88.2
89.6
91.2
92.9
94.5
96.2
97.8
99.4
101.1
102.7
104.3
105.9
107.4
109.0
110.6
112.1
113.7
115.2
116.8
118.2
119.7
121.3
122.8
124.4
125.9
127.4
129.0
375,455
384,351
392,872
402,481
412,009
421,460
430,836
440,141
449,378
458,550
467,658
476,706
484,231
493,451
502,626
511,758
520,866
529,932
538,959
547,946
556,887
565,771
574,617
583,426
592,198
600,935
609,639
618,309
626,948
635,555
643,615
652,323
661,013
669,679
678,323
686,950
695,586
704,194
25,030
24,022
23,110
22,360
21,685
21,073
20,516
20,006
19,538
19,106
18,706
18,335
17,934
17,623
17,332
17,059
16,802
16,560
16,332
16,116
15,911
15,716
15,530
15,353
15,185
15,023
14,869
14,722
14,580
14,444
14,303
14,181
14,064
13,952
13,843
13,739
13,639
13,542
Page 7-17
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
Table 7-6. Partial Load Performance at ISO Ambient Conditions (Cont)

Net Power
per 200 kW
module
(kW)
Net
Efficiency
(%)
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
25.4
25.6
25.8
25.9
26.1
26.3
26.4
26.6
26.7
26.9
27.0
27.1
27.3
27.4
27.5
27.6
27.8
27.9
28.0
28.1
28.2
28.3
28.4
28.5
28.7
28.8
28.9
29.0
29.1
29.2
29.3
29.4
29.5
29.5
29.6
29.7
29.8
29.9
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Exhaust
Temp
(F)
Exhaust
Mass
Flow Rate
per
module
(lbm/s)
Exhaust
Energy
Rate per
module
(kW)
(LHV)
Fuel Flow
Energy Rate
per module
(Btu/hr) (LHV)
Net Heat Rate

(Btu/kWh LHV)
379.1
380.3
381.4
382.6
383.6
384.8
386.0
387.2
388.4
389.6
390.7
391.9
393.0
394.1
395.2
396.3
397.4
398.5
399.6
400.6
401.7
402.7
403.7
404.8
405.8
406.8
407.8
408.7
409.7
410.7
411.6
412.6
413.5
414.4
415.4
416.3
417.2
418.2
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
130.5
132.0
133.5
135.0
136.4
137.9
139.5
141.1
142.6
144.2
145.8
147.3
148.9
150.5
152.0
153.6
155.1
156.7
158.2
159.8
161.3
162.9
164.4
165.9
167.5
169.0
170.5
172.0
173.5
175.1
176.6
178.1
179.6
181.2
182.7
184.2
185.7
187.3
712,777
721,335
729,869
738,381
745,739
754,460
763,213
771,953
780,681
789,396
798,098
806,788
815,465
824,234
832,781
841,419
850,044
858,657
867,256
875,842
884,416
892,977
901,525
910,060
918,582
927,091
935,588
944,072
952,385
960,913
969,427
977,927
986,413
994,885
1,003,343
1,011,811
1,020,294
1,028,766
13,449
13,358
13,270
13,185
13,083
13,008
12,936
12,866
12,798
12,732
12,668
12,606
12,546
12,488
12,430
12,374
12,319
12,267
12,215
12,164
12,115
12,067
12,020
11,974
11,930
11,886
11,843
11,801
11,758
11,718
11,680
11,642
11,605
11,568
11,533
11,498
11,464
11,431
Page 7-18
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE

Net Power
per 200 kW
module
(kW)
Net
Efficiency
(%)
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
30.0
30.1
30.2
30.2
30.3
30.4
30.5
30.6
30.7
30.7
30.8
30.9
31.0
31.0
31.1
31.2
31.2
31.3
31.4
31.4
31.5
31.6
31.6
31.7
31.7
31.8
31.9
31.9
31.9
32.0
32.0
32.0
32.1
32.1
32.1
32.2
32.2
32.2
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Exhaust
Temp
(F)
Exhaust
Mass
Flow Rate
per
module
(lbm/s)
Exhaust
Energy
Rate per
module
(kW)
(LHV)
Fuel Flow
Energy Rate
per module
(Btu/hr) (LHV)
Net Heat Rate

(Btu/kWh LHV)
419.1
420.0
420.9
421.7
422.5
423.4
424.3
425.1
426.0
426.8
427.6
428.4
429.2
430.0
430.8
431.6
432.4
433.2
433.9
434.7
435.5
436.3
432.7
433.8
434.9
436.0
437.2
438.3
439.4
440.5
441.7
442.8
443.9
445.0
446.1
447.2
448.3
449.4
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
188.8
190.3
191.8
193.3
194.7
196.2
197.7
199.2
200.7
202.2
203.7
205.2
206.7
208.2
209.7
211.2
212.7
214.2
215.7
217.2
218.7
220.3
219.1
220.8
222.5
224.3
226.0
227.8
229.6
231.4
233.2
235.0
236.8
238.5
240.3
242.2
244.0
245.8
1,037,228
1,045,679
1,054,119
1,062,549
1,069,985
1,078,433
1,086,877
1,095,309
1,103,683
1,112,057
1,120,432
1,128,807
1,137,183
1,145,561
1,153,940
1,162,321
1,170,703
1,179,088
1,187,485
1,195,881
1,204,276
1,212,669
1,221,060
1,229,451
1,237,861
1,246,337
1,254,962
1,263,920
1,273,180
1,282,448
1,291,725
1,301,011
1,310,306
1,319,452
1,328,760
1,338,080
1,347,412
1,356,757
11,398
11,366
11,335
11,304
11,263
11,234
11,205
11,177
11,148
11,121
11,093
11,067
11,041
11,015
10,990
10,965
10,941
10,917
10,894
10,872
10,849
10,827
10,806
10,785
10,764
10,744
10,726
10,711
10,699
10,687
10,675
10,664
10,653
10,641
10,630
10,620
10,610
10,600
Page 7-19
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE

Net Power
per 200 kW
module
(kW)
Net
Efficiency
(%)
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
32.3
32.3
32.3
32.3
32.4
32.4
32.4
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.6
32.6
32.6
32.6
32.6
32.7
32.7
32.7
32.7
32.7
32.7
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Exhaust
Temp
(F)
Exhaust
Mass
Flow Rate
per
module
(lbm/s)
Exhaust
Energy
Rate per
module
(kW)
(LHV)
Fuel Flow
Energy Rate
per module
(Btu/hr) (LHV)
Net Heat Rate

(Btu/kWh LHV)
450.5
451.6
452.7
453.8
454.9
456.0
457.1
458.3
459.4
460.6
461.8
462.9
464.1
465.3
466.5
467.7
468.9
470.1
471.3
472.4
473.6
474.8
476.0
477.2
478.4
479.6
480.8
482.0
483.2
484.4
485.6
486.8
488.0
489.1
490.3
491.5
492.7
494.0
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
247.6
249.4
251.3
253.1
255.0
256.8
258.6
260.4
262.2
264.0
265.8
267.6
269.5
271.4
273.3
275.2
277.1
279.0
280.9
282.9
284.8
286.8
288.7
290.7
292.7
294.6
296.6
298.6
300.6
302.7
304.7
306.7
308.8
310.8
312.9
314.9
317.0
319.2
1,366,114
1,375,483
1,384,866
1,394,263
1,403,673
1,412,997
1,422,226
1,431,464
1,440,713
1,449,971
1,459,240
1,468,174
1,477,702
1,487,248
1,496,813
1,506,395
1,515,997
1,525,618
1,535,259
1,544,919
1,554,601
1,564,303
1,574,027
1,583,773
1,593,542
1,603,333
1,613,148
1,622,986
1,632,849
1,642,738
1,652,651
1,662,591
1,672,558
1,682,552
1,692,574
1,702,625
1,712,704
1,722,814
10,590
10,581
10,571
10,563
10,554
10,545
10,535
10,525
10,516
10,507
10,498
10,487
10,480
10,474
10,467
10,461
10,455
10,449
10,444
10,439
10,434
10,429
10,424
10,420
10,415
10,411
10,407
10,404
10,400
10,397
10,394
10,391
10,389
10,386
10,384
10,382
10,380
10,378
Page 7-20
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE

Net Power
per 200 kW
module
(kW)
Net
Efficiency
(%)
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.9
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
32.8
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Exhaust
Temp
(F)
Exhaust
Mass
Flow Rate
per
module
(lbm/s)
Exhaust
Energy
Rate per
module
(kW)
(LHV)
Fuel Flow
Energy Rate
per module
(Btu/hr) (LHV)
Net Heat Rate

(Btu/kWh LHV)
495.3
496.5
497.7
499.0
500.2
501.4
502.6
503.8
505.0
506.2
507.4
508.6
509.8
511.1
512.3
513.5
514.7
515.9
517.1
518.3
519.5
520.7
521.9
523.1
524.3
525.6
526.8
528.1
529.3
530.6
531.8
533.0
534.2
535.1
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
321.4
323.5
325.6
327.8
329.9
332.0
334.1
336.3
338.4
340.6
342.8
344.9
347.1
349.3
351.5
353.7
355.9
358.1
360.3
362.6
364.8
367.1
369.3
371.6
373.9
376.3
378.6
381.0
383.3
385.7
388.0
390.4
392.8
394.6
1,733,206
1,743,439
1,753,592
1,763,765
1,773,957
1,784,170
1,794,402
1,804,654
1,814,926
1,825,218
1,835,529
1,845,860
1,856,210
1,866,580
1,876,969
1,887,377
1,897,805
1,908,251
1,918,716
1,929,204
1,939,729
1,950,365
1,961,043
1,971,739
1,982,454
1,993,337
2,004,228
2,015,127
2,026,034
2,036,945
2,047,861
2,058,779
2,069,697
2,078,942
10,378
10,378
10,376
10,375
10,374
10,373
10,372
10,372
10,371
10,371
10,370
10,370
10,370
10,370
10,370
10,370
10,371
10,371
10,371
10,372
10,373
10,374
10,376
10,378
10,379
10,382
10,385
10,387
10,390
10,393
10,395
10,398
10,400
10,395
Page 7-21
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
ISO partial load efficiency vs. net power for the 200 kW high pressure natural gas turbine power
module is shown in Figure 7-4. These values are estimated from nominal performance at ISO
conditions.
Figure 7-4. ISO Partial Load Efficiency Vs Net Power (Nominal)

ISO partial load efficiency vs. net power for the C1000 1 MW high pressure natural gas turbine power
package operating in maximum efficiency mode is shown in Figure 7-5. Because this operational
mode meets power demand by running as many units as possible at full power and only one unit at
partial power, maximum efficiency is reached at a power output of only 200 kW, or 1/5 of the package
maximum power output. This is a significant advantage over a similar single 1 MW turbine solution
that would show a similar performance curve over the 1 MW to that shown in the individual 200 kW
module above.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 7-22
CHAPTER 7
PERFORMANCE
Capstone 5 C200 units Part Load Efficiency

Max Eff vs. Load Share
35
Efficiency (%)
30
25
20
15
Max Efficiency Mode
10
Load Share
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Power (kW)
Figure 7-5. ISO Partial Load Efficiency Vs Net Power (Maximum Efficiency)
Example Calculations
Max Efficiency:
For example, using the part load table and a C1000 running at 500 kW (STP conditions) in max
efficiency mode would have two modules running at 33% efficiency producing 400 kW and one
module running at 100 kW at 30.7% efficiency. The overall efficiency is therefore [400 kW*(33%)
+100 kW (30.7%)]/500kW = 32.5%.
Load Share:
If the system had been running in load share the efficiency would be 30.7%, because each of the five
power modules would be running at 50% load.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 7-23
CHAPTER 8
ELECTRICAL RATINGS
CHAPTER 8: ELECTRICAL RATINGS

The purpose of this section is to define the electrical output ratings of the Capstone C600, C800 and
C1000 turbines. The C600, C800 and C1000s can also be combined with C65, C200 and other
C600s C800 or C1000 through the Advanced Power Server to achieve higher electrical outputs. For
more information on connecting multiple Capstone turbines, please refer to the Advanced Power
Server (APS) Model 145 Technical Reference (410079). This information is intended for use in
evaluating applications for a single Capstone C600, C800 or C1000 turbine.
Electrical ratings are dependent upon the operating mode selected; that is, Grid Connect or Stand
Alone.
Grid Connect
Table 8-1 presents the Electrical Ratings for the Grid Connect configuration. Whenever an
expression is listed, N equals the number of individual turbines within a MultiPac (N can be up to 20 if
a C200 is the MultiPac Master, or more if the Capstone Advanced Power Server is acting as the
MultiPac Master).
Table 8-1. Electrical Ratings: Grid Connect (1)
Description
C600
C800
C1000
Nominal Voltage Range
400/480 (3-phase only)
Grid Voltage Operating

Range
352 to 528 VAC, (3-phase only)
Output Voltage
Connection
4 wire, L1, L2, L3, and N
Maximum Grid
Impedance
10% inductive (298 H)

5% resistive (56 MOhms),
Zbase= 1.12 ohms line-to-neutral
Grid Voltage Harmonic

Distortion (2)
The grid must comply with

IEEE 519.
Grid Voltage Balance
Within 2% at full load
Grid Voltage Phase

Displacement
120 ( 1) degrees
Grid Voltage Phase

Sequence
Auto synchronization for all phase sequences. For Dual Mode

applications, the grid voltage phase sequence must be L1, L2, L3
Grid Inrush Current

@ Disconnect Switch
Closure
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
<45 Amps RMS
<60 Amps RMS
<75 Amps RMS
Page 8-1
CHAPTER 8
ELECTRICAL RATINGS
Table 8-1. Electrical Ratings: Grid Connect (Continued)

Description
C600
C800
C1000
Nominal Frequency
50/60 Hz
Grid Frequency
Acquisition Range
47 - 65 Hz. Auto synchronization. The turbine senses the grid

waveform and synchronizes to its phases and frequency before an
output connection is made.
Nominal Real Power

Output @ ISO (3)
0 to 600 kW HP NG
0 to 570 kW LP NG
100 to 600 kW HP
Landfill Gas
100 to 600 kW HP
Digester Gas
0 to 800 kW HP NG
0 to 760 kW LP NG
100 to 800 kW HP
Landfill Gas
100 to 800 kW HP
Digester Gas
0 to 1000 kW HP NG
0 to 950 kW LP NG
100 to 1000 kW HP
Landfill Gas
100 to 1000 kW HP
Digester Gas
Apparent Power Output

@ ISO
kVAMT = kWMT
(above)
kVAMT = kWMT
(above)
kVAMT = kWMT
(above)
Output Power Factor to

Grid
0.98 displacement PF, for loads > 25% of rated load
Typical Output Power

Slew Rate
18 kW/second, for
natural gas;
6 kW/sec for
Landfill/Digester Gas
24 kW/second, for
natural gas;
8 kW/sec for
30 kW/second, for
natural gas;
10 kW/sec for
Maximum Output
Current (4)
690 Amps RMS @

480 V LP NG
720 Amps RMS @
480 V all others
825 Amps RMS @
400 V LP NG
870 Amps RMS @
400 V all others
920 Amps RMS @

48 0V LP NG
960 Amps RMS @
480 V all others
1100 Amps RMS @
400 V LP NG
1160 Amps RMS @
400 V all others
1150 Amps RMS @

480 V LP NG
1200 Amps RMS @
480 V all others
1375 Amps RMS @
400 V LP NG
1450 Amps RMS @
400 V all others
Output Current
Harmonic Content
Complies with IEEE 519, UL1741:

< 5% THD. See Error! Reference source not found..
Output Current DC
Content
<0.5% (4.2 Amps)

DC (per UL 1741)
<0.5% (5.6 Amps)

DC (per UL 1741)
<0.5% (7.0 Amps) DC

(per UL 1741)
Grid Fault Current

Contribution by Turbine
1500 Amps RMS,

maximum
symmetrical and
asymmetrical
2000 Amps RMS,

maximum
symmetrical and
asymmetrical
2500 Amps RMS,

maximum symmetrical
and asymmetrical
Power Required @
Start Command (5)
60 kW peak,
0.39 kW-Hr,
70 seconds
80 kW peak,
0.52 kW-Hr,
70 seconds
100 kW peak,
0.65 kW-Hr,
70 seconds
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 8-2
CHAPTER 8
ELECTRICAL RATINGS
Table 8-1. Electrical Ratings: Grid Connect (Continued)

Description
C600
Cooldown Power
Draw in Standby Power
C800
C1000
No net utility power 300 seconds

0.90 kW
1.2 kW
1.5 kW
Grounding (6)
Grid must be Neutral grounded.
Surge Voltage
Withstand
6 kV (ANSI 62.41)
Short Circuit Rating (7)
Per UL 508C, the turbine is not short circuit rated
Table 8-1 Notes:

(1) Ratings are at full load power and ISO conditions with zero back pressure. Values do not include parasitic losses
from any accessories.
(2) Total harmonic voltage must be less than 5% (13.9 VRMS line-to-neutral for a 480 V system). Also, the high
frequency ripple voltage must be less than 2% (5.5 VRMS line-to-neutral for a 480 V system) at frequencies
greater than 3 kHz.
(3) Refer to Chapter 7: Performance for real power capability as a function of ambient temperature, elevation, and
other site conditions.
(4) The maximum currents are limited by the real power capability of the turbine. Values listed are for full power at
ISO conditions. Refer to Chapter 7: Performance for real power capability as a function of ambient temperature,
elevation, and other site conditions.
(5) Start power required for full power start-up. Start-up can be staggered in order to reduce max start power
required in Grid Connect Operations (where start power is pulled from the grid). Minimum start power using
staggering is 20 kW with a 0.13 kW-hr 70 second draw.
(6) Refer to Chapter 11: Installation for additional details.
(7) UL 1741 test-rated short circuit is 1500 ARMS for the C600, 2000 ARMS for the C800, and 2500 ARMS for the
C1000.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 8-3
CHAPTER 8
ELECTRICAL RATINGS
Stand Alone
Table 8-2 presents the Electrical Ratings for the Stand Alone mode of operation. Whenever an
expression is listed, N equals the number of individual turbines within a MultiPac (N can be up to 20 if
a C200 is the MultiPac Master, or more if the Capstone Advanced Power Server is acting as the
MultiPac Master).
Table 8-2. Electrical Ratings: Stand Alone (1)
Description
C600
C800
C1000
Output Voltage Adjustment

Range
150 to 480 VAC line-to-line

(1 VAC adjustment resolution)
Output Voltage Accuracy
2% of reading,
( 1% typical) line-to-neutral
Output Voltage Stability,

Time
1.5% per 40,000 hours
Output Voltage Stability,

Temperature
0.2% over -20 to 50 C (ambient temperature)
Output Voltage
Configuration
3-Phase, 4 wire,
L1, L2, L3, and N
Nominal Real Power

Output @ ISO (2)
0 to 600 kW HP NG
0 to 570 kW LP NG
0 to 800 kW HP NG
0 to 760 kW LP NG
0 to 1000 kW HP NG
0 to 950 kW LP NG
Maximum Output kVA

@ ISO (3)
750 kVA @ 480 V

624 kVA @ 400 V
1000 kVA @ 480 V

832 kVA @ 400 V
1250 kVA @ 480 V

1040 kVA @ 400 V
Load Power Factor

Range (3)
0.8 lagging (inductive) to 0.8 leading (capacitive)
Output Voltage Harmonic

Distortion, with Linear Load
5% THD: complies with IEEE 519
Output Voltage Harmonic

Distortion, with CF load.
Crest Factor
(CF) = IPEAK /IRMS
< 8% THD, IPEAK

2025 Amps
1.4 CF 3.0
< 8% THD, IPEAK

2700 Amps
1.4 CF 3.0
< 8% THD, IPEAK

3375 Amps
1.4 CF 3.0
Output DC Voltage Content
2.5 VDC line-to-neutral
Output Voltage Step Load

Regulation, load application
or removal
< 20% of nominal voltage for any resistive step load 75% rated
load
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 8-4
CHAPTER 8
ELECTRICAL RATINGS
Table 8-2. Electrical Ratings: Stand Alone (Cont)

Description
C600
C800
C1000
Output Voltage Step Load

Recovery Time
< 100 milliseconds to within

5% of nominal voltage for
75% rated load step
Output Voltage Phase

Displacement
120 ( 1) degree @ balanced loads

Displacement Jitter
1 degree @ balanced loads
L1, L2, L3
Output Frequency
Adjustment Range
45 - 65 Hz (0.1 Hz adjustment resolution), 0.05% accuracy.

For integer frequency settings, the accuracy is 0.005%.
Output Frequency
Regulation
0% change for any steady state load or transient load 75%
Output Frequency
Stability, Time
0.0005% per year
Output Frequency
Stability, Temperature
0.005%, -20 to +50 C
Maximum Continuous
Output Current (4)
900 Amps RMS
1200 Amps RMS
1500 Amps RMS
Output Load Crest Factor
2.18 maximum @
900 Amps RMS
CF=2025/IRMS for
loads
< 900 Amps RMS
2.18 maximum @
Amps
RMS = 1200
CF=2700/IRMS for
loads < 1200 Amps
RMS
2.18 maximum @
Amps
RMS = 1500
CF=3375/IRMS for loads
< 1500 Amps RMS
Output Instantaneous
Load Current
2025 Amps peak,

maximum
2700 Amps peak,

maximum
3375 Amps peak,

maximum
Output Fault Current
1500 Amps RMS,

maximum
symmetrical and
asymmetrical
2000 Amps RMS,

maximum
symmetrical and
asymmetrical
2500 Amps RMS,

maximum symmetrical
and asymmetrical
Single Phase Loading (per

individual turbine within
the MultiPac)
249 kW line-toneutral maximum

steady state
332 kW line-toneutral maximum

steady state
415 kW line-to-neutral
maximum steady state
Maximum Load
Unbalance among the
3 phases (5)
249 kW
332 kW
415 kW
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 8-5
CHAPTER 8
ELECTRICAL RATINGS
Table 8-2. Electrical Ratings: Stand Alone (Cont)

Description
C600
C800
C1000
Surge Voltage Withstand
6 kV (ANSI 62.41)
Grounding (6)
Neutral must be solidly connected to earth ground in a single location.
Motor Start, Across-theline; Maximum inrush

current (7)
< 1425 Amps RMS
< 1900 Amps RMS
< 2375 Amps RMS
Motor Start, Ramp Voltage

and Frequency (7)
1425 Amps RMS
1900 Amps RMS
2375 Amps RMS
Table 8-2 Notes:

(1) Ratings are at full load power and ISO conditions with zero back pressure. Values do not include parasitic losses
from any accessories.
(2) Refer to Chapter 7: Performance for real power capability as a function of ambient temperature, elevation, and
other site conditions. Additional considerations for worst case operating environment, minimum tolerance band,
and load safety margin need to be taken into account when designing a system for Stand Alone operation, so the
maximum figures shown above should only be used as a reference.
(3) Values shown are limited by maximum current capability of the power electronics. For system design, total power
factor for all connected loads should not be less than 0.8 (inductive or capacitive).
(4) The maximum steady state current is limited by the capability of the power electronics, and may be further
restricted by the output capability of the turbine. Refer to Chapter 7: Performance for real and apparent power
capability as a function of ambient temperature, elevation, and other site conditions. UL 1741 test-rated current
at 400 VAC, 50 Hz, power factor 1, is 288 Amps RMS.
(5) A typical arrangement of unbalanced loads on a C1000 package could be 450kW, 50 kW and 50 kW. This results in a
maximum load unbalance of 450kW-50kW=400 kW, which is in spec with the maximum unbalance limitation.
(6) Refer to Chapter 11: Installation for additional details.
(7) This current limit must not be exceeded at any time during acceleration to full motor speed.
Measurement Accuracy
The displays of the output voltages, currents, frequencies, and power have typical accuracies and
coefficients as presented in Table 8-3.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 8-6
CHAPTER 8
ELECTRICAL RATINGS
Table 8-3. Typical/Maximum Instrumentation Accuracy and Coefficients

Instrumentation Item
Accuracy and Coefficients (Typical/Maximum)
Current
1.5% of Full Scale (typical) / 3.0% (maximum)
Current Temperature Coefficient
0.2% of Full Scale over 20 to +50 C range
Voltage
1.0% of Full Scale (typical) /2.0% (maximum)
Voltage Temperature Coefficient
Output Power
2.5% of Full Scale (typical) / 5.0%(maximum)
Output Power Temperature Coefficient
Output Frequency
0.05% of Reading (or Indication)
Output Frequency Temperature Coefficient
0.005% of Reading over 20 to +50 C range
Real Time Clock
1 minute per month
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 8-7
CHAPTER 9
COMMUNICATIONS
CHAPTER 9: COMMUNICATIONS
Introduction
This section presents interconnection information for communications between any Capstone C1000
family turbine system controller and supervisory or associated peripheral equipment and/or other
Capstone products such as the Advanced Power Server (APS) for creation of a Capstone MultiPac.
All C1000 package communications connections are made through the C1000 controller and include
the following:
External Controls (Hardwire or Modbus)
Hardwire I/O
Start/Stop (Enable)
Local and Global E-Stop
Battery Wake
Fault Output
External Shutoff Valve
Dual Mode System Controller Interface
Modbus Slave for Control System Integration
SCADA, Station Control or Building Management System interface
Modbus RS-232 or RS-485 Master
External Power Meter input
CRMS software with PC through Ethernet
MultiPac connections
Modems (Ethernet TCP/IP) for Remote connectivity
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 9-1
CHAPTER 9
COMMUNICATIONS
C1000 Controller Connections

Figure 9-1 shows the location of the controller on the C1000 packages. Figure 9-2 shows the
connection locations within the controller. Connections for Hardwire I/O, Modbus, CRMS, MultiPac
and remote communication are identified. Descriptions of each of these connections and their
abilities are given below. See Figure 11-1 and Figure 11-2 for cable access.
C1000 Series
Controller
Figure 9-1. Controller Location on the C1000 Series

NOTE
All signal level input and output connections should be made using shielded
twisted pair and run in separate conduit from power wiring to avoid interference.
NOTE
Maximum wire size for customer terminal connections is 18 AWG. Minimum

recommended wire is 20 AWG.
NOTE
Controller terminals must only be connected in Class 2 circuits for limited

voltage and limited current power source at maximum voltage of 24 VDC.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 9-2
CHAPTER 9
COMMUNICATIONS
TB1
TB2
TB3
Figure 9-2. Connection Locations within the C1000 Controller
External Controls
The C1000 controller offers a number of options for external communication and control. While full
control of the turbine system can be accomplished directly through the turbine controllers touch
screen interface, connection to a Building Management System, Station Control System or other
SCADA system is available with Modbus and may be desired for system integration with existing
control systems. Hardwired signals are also available for safety and control functions as well as
interface with external equipment. Refer to the C1000 Controller Schematic (525111-011) for all
terminal connections in the C1000 controller.
NOTE
The terminal block pin numbers called out in this document are those specified by
Revision 6, and higher, of the C1000 controller schematic. This represents C1000
series packages manufactured with serial number 5200 and higher. In some C1000
series packages that have serial numbers lower than 5200, the terminal block pin
numbers may be different. If the terminal block pin numbers in your C1000 controller
do not match those contained in this document, contact Capstone Technical Support.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 9-3
CHAPTER 9
COMMUNICATIONS
Start/Stop (Enable) Inputs

The C1000 turbine package can be started and stopped through commands issued at the C1000
controller or from remote control systems. The Start/Stop signal, sometimes called the Start Enable
signal, is a configurable hard-wire control system interlock that provides a permissive for a C1000
start command when true. If this start permissive is not present through hardwire, the unit will not
start and if the start permissive is removed during operation, the unit will shut down. The proper
connections must be made in the C1000 controller for the desired start/stop control function, and the
User/Remote options must be selected from the External Input Dispatch function using CRMS
software.
User System is controlled locally through the C1000 controller or by using CRMS (no
hardwired start input connection required).
Remote Start/Stop input connection wired to remote system.
Configure hardware connections in the C1000 controller for the required Start Input
mode as indicated in Table 9-1.
Table 9-1. Start/Stop Input Connection Details
Start/Stop Input Mode
Terminal Block
Pin Numbers
User
---
No connection
Remote or Combinations
of User and Remote
TB3
Pins 15 and 16
Refer to Table 9-7 for additional terminal connection information. Note that closing an external
contact will initiate a start, and opening this same contact will stop the turbine.
Local and Global Emergency Stop

Two Emergency Stop (E-Stop) inputs are available for each C1000 package in the C1000 controller
(see Figure 9-2). The E-Stop inputs are identified as Local and Global E-Stops. These inputs are
simple contact closures intended for dry contact circuits, where closed means normal operation and
open initiates an E-Stop.
Local E-Stop is used on a single turbine system. When activated, it will stop the C1000
package only.
Global E-Stop is used on MultiPac Configurations. It will be connected to one turbine in

the MultiPac, but will stop all turbine systems in the MultiPac.
NOTE
If no external E-Stop device is installed, the E-Stop terminals in the C1000 controller
must be jumpered.
CAUTION
Emergency stops increase stress on system components. Repeated use of the

Emergency Stop feature will result in damage to the turbine. For most applications,
use this only in emergency situations. In all non-critical stops it is recommend that
the Start/Stop enable input be used in order to ensure a more controlled shutdown
and minimize wear on turbine components.
Refer to Table 9-2 for E-Stop connections in the C1000 controller.

410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 9-4
CHAPTER 9
COMMUNICATIONS
Table 9-2. E-Stop Connection Details

E-Stop
Terminal Block
Pin Numbers
Global
TB1
12 and 13
Local
TB1
10 and 11
Battery Wake-Up
Dual Mode C1000 family turbines will automatically go into sleep mode if they are not connected to a
live utility grid for a preset time. This is to protect their batteries from being discharged, which would
result in the loss of unit black starting ability. The Battery Wake-Up feature is provided on the C1000
controller to wake a system that is in sleep mode so that a normal start sequence can begin. This
action is sometimes referred to as Battery Start.
Local starting of a Dual Mode system that is in sleep mode requires the use of the Battery Wake
button in the C1000 controller front panel. The Battery Wake command can also be issued remotely
with a momentary contact closure across the battery start contacts on TB1-52 and TB1-53. Refer to
Table 9-4 below for additional terminal information.
Fault Input
One fault input is provided as a discrete hard-wired signal in the C1000 controller. The fault input is
accessed through terminal block TB3 pins 57 and 58, and it can be used to stop the turbines for an
external event not requiring E-Stop.
This input is a simple contact closure for a dry contact circuit. It is wired in parallel to the UCB of each
200 kW power module. A normally open relay serves to connect the fault input at these terminal pins
to Fault Input #1 on each UCB. The operator can use this input to shut down the turbine assembly
with an externally induced fault at System Severity Level (SSL) 3 or SSL 4. The selection of SSL 3 or
SSL 4 determines how the power modules will shut down. SSL 3 will shut down turbines, whether
they are operating in Grid Connect mode or Stand Alone mode, through the cooldown state. SSL 4
will shut down turbines operating in Grid Connect mode through the warmdown state, and it will shut
down turbines operating in Stand Alone mode through the cooldown state.
Fault Input #1 on the UCB of each power module must be configured using CRMS. Refer to the
C200 Technical Reference (410066) and CRMS User Edition Technical Reference (410013) for
instructions to configure fault inputs on the UCB.
Fault Output
One fault summary output is provided as a discrete hard-wired signal in the C1000 controller. The
output is accessed through terminal block TB3 pins 25 and 26.
The fault output summary is triggered in situations where the C600, C800 or C1000 package has
experience some fault that results in all 200 kW power modules being unavailable. This situation can
be due to a turbine fault, heat, or gas detection.
This output can be used for remote indication of the fault status.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
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CHAPTER 9
COMMUNICATIONS
External Gas Shutoff

In some installations local codes or other requirements may require the use of an external fuel gas
shutoff valve at the C1000 turbine package inlet. The C1000 controller includes a normally open
discrete output for interface to an external fuel gas shutoff valve.
The output of the External Gas Shutoff signal follows that of the Fault Output described above plus
the E-Stop. In any case where a fault summary is received, this output will command a fail-closed
gas shutoff valve to close by interrupting its enabling current.
Dual Mode System Controller Interface

As described in the Operating Modes section, the C1000 series turbine requires both hardware and
software inputs to tell it which operating mode to be in. If the system is to be operated only in Grid
Connect or Stand Alone modes, a hardwired jumper should be connected as shown in Table 9-1.
If the system is to be used in dual mode operation, these connections should be controlled externally
(such as by using the Capstone Dual Mode System Controller accessory). Configure jumpers or use
external contacts for the required operating mode as described in Table 9-3.
Table 9-3. Operating Mode Connection Details
Operating Mode
TB3 Connections
Power Connect
Software Setting
Grid Connect Only
Jumper pins 17 and 18
Grid Connect
Stand Alone Only
Jumper pins 19 and 20
Stand Alone
Dual Mode
Use External contact

closures instead of
permanent jumpers
Dual Mode
The integration of the Dual Mode System Controller (DMSC) will require the wiring of power and
control signals between the C1000 controller and the DMSC. Refer to the Dual Mode System
Controller Technical Reference (410071) and Table 9-4 for the terminal block connection details.
Table 9-4. C1000 Controller and DMSC Terminal Block Connections
Terminal Block
Terminal Numbers
Signal
TB3
17 and 18
GC Enable
TB3
19 and 20
SA Enable
TB3
15 and 16
Start/Stop
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CHAPTER 9
COMMUNICATIONS
Modbus Slave for Control System Integration

For applications where a separate supervisory control system, SCADA system or Building
Management System controller is used, the C1000 controller can operate as a slave device on an
RS-485 communications bus, using standard Modbus RS-485 protocol. For these applications, the
C1000 controller has a configurable Modbus slave memory map that allows the user to determine
what information is needed from the C1000 controller. This is a configurable setting that is set up
during the system commissioning as defined by the site designer for control and data monitoring of
the turbines or groups of turbines.
Refer to Appendix A: C1000 Modbus Register List for information on available registers. This list is
provided to give the user an idea of the type of information available as a standard through Modbus.
In most cases the standard configuration is sufficient for complete integration with a station, building
or SCADA system. Because this list may change from time to time it is important to request a project
specific list before this reference is used for programming purposes. Refer to the C1000 Users
Manual (400024) for information on manipulating and configuring Modbus communication.
External Power Meter Inputs

The Electrical Load Following and Reverse Power Flow functions require the installation of an
optional 3-phase power meter at the utility Point of Common Coupling or the location at which
reverse power flow protection is desired. The C1000 controller is designed to accept signals from a
Modbus slave power meter using RS-485 wired to the PLC. See Figure 9-3 and Table 9-5 for power
meter connections.
Branch A
Branch B
Power
Meter
Utility
Breaker C
Power Meter
Current
Transformer
Breaker D
MicroTurbine
Figure 9-3. Power Meter installation

The external power meter should be placed in a location to produce the demand signal. Loads on the
load side of the power meter current transformer location will produce demand signals, load on the
utility side will not. The demand on the turbine will be calculated as the difference between the Utility
Power setting entered during this setup and the actual load measured by the power meter.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
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CHAPTER 9
COMMUNICATIONS
For example, in Figure 9-3, loads on Branches B and D only will determine the turbine power output
demand. Branch A or C loads have no effect. The turbine may be connected at breaker location, B or
D (or an entirely different circuit). Power output demand will still be determined by the flow through
the power meter current transformers.
Table 9-5. Modbus Power Meter Wiring Pins to C1000 Controller PLC
Terminal Block
Terminal Numbers
Parameter
TB1
60
Modbus Data (-)
TB1
61
Modbus Data (+)
TB1
62
Shield
DC Power Outputs
The C1000 controller includes a UPS supply of 24 volt power that can be used by equipment such as
the Dual Mode System Controller (DMSC), a modem, VPN Gateway, external power meter, or
Modbus repeater. On Dual mode systems this power is available only when the controller is awake.
Because of the limited capacity of the UPS battery used in the controller and the importance of
maintaining sufficient charge to allow a black start start-up of the turbine units, it is recommend that
no more than 10 watts be used for external 24 volt power equipment from this source. If higher
current draws are required, contact Capstone Applications for alternate options.
Refer to Table 9-6 for the 24 VDC output connections in the C1000 controller.
Table 9-6. 24 Volt DC Power Source (10 Watt Max)
Terminal Block
Terminal Numbers
Parameter
TB1
24 VDC (+)
TB1
0V
Note:
(1) Connections made to these terminals MUST be isolated from ground/chassis. They may not be connected
in parallel with other turbine input and/or power supply terminals.
MultiPac Connections
The types of signal connections on the C1000 controller for MultiPac communication are as follows:
1) Ethernet via the Ethernet surge protector in the C1000 controller to the APS.
2) RS-485 MultiPac cable from C1000 controller terminals TB1-44 thru TB1-47 and/or
TB1-48 thru TB1-51 to other MultiPac C1000s, or C200 and C65 turbines.
3) For Dual Mode systems, a battery wake-up signal from the APS to the C1000 controller
terminals TB1-54 and TB1-55.
4) An optional E-Stop signal from an E-Stop switch to the C1000 controller terminals TB1-12
and TB1-13.
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CHAPTER 9
COMMUNICATIONS
The interconnection diagram in Figure 9-4 shows these two types of signal interconnections, along
with the required signal terminations. The case is shown for a MultiPac of two C1000s and one C200.
This covers all possible scenarios, since a C65 turbine has the same MultiPac connections as a
C200.
E-Stop
Switch
Hardwire E-Stop
(If Required)
Advanced Power Server

10BaseT
10BaseT
Ethernet
Switch
Controller
C1000
10BaseT
Terminator
Panel
PC
TB1
10BaseT
Hardwire
Batt Wakeup
(If Required)
MultiPac
Cable
Controller
10BaseT/
10Base2
Converter
C1000
MultiPac
Cable
Terminator
C200
Coax Cable
Terminator
Figure 9-4. MultiPac Signal Interconnections
Ethernet
Ethernet signals are used for command and control. Commands (i.e. start/stop, power demand) are
input to the APS. The APS then sends resulting commands to each turbine in the MultiPac via
10Base-2. The APS routinely queries turbines for operational and fault data.
NOTE
The maximum total 10Base-T cable length is 100 meters. Fiber optics will be
required for longer runs.
MultiPac Cable
The MultiPac cable is a RS-485 cable that transfers inverter synchronizing, battery wakeup, and
E-Stop signals between turbines. The MultiPac cable is not needed if the turbines are operating in
Grid Connect mode only. The MultiPac cable transmits RS-485 Bus A protocol and Bus B protocol
serial communication from one turbine to another. One turbine serves as an Inverter Master, passing
voltage and frequency signals to all other turbines for synchronization.
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NOTE
The maximum total RS-485 cable length is 1000 meters or 32 nodes. A repeater
will be required for longer runs, or more than 32 nodes, in Dual Mode
Applications.
Signal Terminations
End-of-line signal terminators MUST be present on the initial and final connection for both Ethernet
coax and MultiPac cable connections. If terminations are not present, electrical ringing may be
present, and the signal may be severely degraded or interrupted.
Cable Connection Details

Refer to Table 9-7 for reference information about RS-485 MultiPac, and APS battery wake-up and
E-Stop connections. To connect a MultiPac cable to the C1000 controller, the cable wires must be
cut at the connector and individually inserted in the applicable terminals of the terminal block TB1.
Refer to the Advanced Power Server (APS) Model 145 Technical Reference 410079 for details.
Table 9-7. C600, C800 and C1000 Connectors
Terminal
Signal
Parameter
TB1-44 or TB1-48
Serial Communication
RS-485, Bus A Protocol (Note 1)
TB1-45 or TB1-49
Serial Communication
RS-485, Bus B Protocol
TB1-46 or TB1-50
Chassis Ground
Chassis Ground
TB1-54
APS Battery Wake-Up
+24 VDC @ 15 milliamps per turbine

(Refer to Table 9-8)
TB1-55
APS Battery Wake-Up

Return
30 milliamps per turbine @ 0 VDC
TB1-12
Global E-Stop
Normal Operation: N*85 milliamps.

E-Stop: (+) 24 VDC (Refer to Table 9-8)
TB1-13
E-Stop Return
Normal Operation: N*85 milliamps.

E-Stop: 0 VDC
Notes:
(1) Capstone-provided terminators must be installed at the ends of the RS-485 cable within the C1000 controller.
The maximum number of nodes is 32, and the maximum RS-485 cable length is 1000 meters. Each turbine
has 1.93 meters of internal cable length, which must be included in the total length considerations. Repeaters
may be added whenever the maximum cable lengths or the maximum number of nodes are exceeded.
Table 9-8 provides application guidance on limitations of each of the control functions. Please contact
Capstone if your application is outside of these limits.
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Table 9-8. Twisted Wire Pair Limits

Wire Pair
Limits
RS-485 Serial Communications
1000 m total cable length (Note 1)
Battery Wake-Up
Maximum 20 turbines
Global E-Stop
Maximum 20 turbines and 100 meter total cable

length
Notes:
(1) Capstone-provided terminators must be installed at the ends of the RS-485 cable within the C1000 controller.
The maximum number of nodes is 32, and the maximum RS-485 cable length is 1000 meters. Each turbine
has 1.93 meters of internal cable length, which must be included in the total length considerations. Repeaters
may be added whenever the maximum cable lengths or the maximum number of nodes are exceeded.
CRMS-APS with Ethernet

Overview
The C1000 controller provides a Local Ethernet port for connection of a PC running CRMS-APS. This
connection provides full visibility of the C1000 controller to the PCs CRMS session as well as full
CRMS functionality for each 200 kW power module within the C1000 package. In addition to the local
CRMS Ethernet connection, CRMS can also run through a Remote LAN connection or a Remote
WAN (trough an Ethernet modem or VPN router). Direct connection of CRMS to the 200 kW power
modules is not required for full CRMS functionality.
Connections to Third-Party Modems

The following paragraphs present connection details between the turbine and the third-party
modems.
Communications Cable
The C1000 controller has an Ethernet LAN connection that provides an access point for the PC
running CRMS. Likewise, this connection can be used to connect the C1000 controller to a LAN for
operation of CRMS from any computer on the LAN. The Capstone network will have to be mapped in
the router on the customers LAN. A sample routing command is shown in Appendix A.
Modem and turbine Settings

The turbine port speed setting must be set to the same speed as the modem.
Some telemetry modems have different modes for data packet transmission. For the turbine to
communicate properly, the transmitted data packets should never be split. For example, some
modems have a mode (for example DOX mode), by which the data packets are kept together during
transmission.
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COMMUNICATIONS
The modem used for communication with the turbine should be TCP/IP capable and have Ethernet
port connections instead of a serial connection. This would allow a single modem to be used to
access multiple turbines at the same site.
Wireless Modems
For remote turbine installations where no landline telephone service is available, a radio or cellular
modem is highly recommended for monitoring and troubleshooting the turbine system. Several thirdparty cellular and radio modems have been successfully used with the Capstone turbines.
Resources for Wireless Modems

Contact your local cellular telephone service companies for a list of cell modems with coverage in
your area. For telemetry and radio modems, be aware of local and FCC regulations, as well as
permits required for using air radio frequencies. The usage of some radio frequencies may require
special licenses.
NOTE
Cellular modem models and brands vary greatly depending on the service offered
in your area. Contact your local telephone companies for the service and models
available.
User Password Levels

The C1000 controller can be operated in two modes: monitoring mode or control mode. When power
is applied to the C1000 controller, the user and maintenance ports boot up in the base level, which
allows the monitoring mode of operation. In the monitoring mode, no password is required to perform
basic data acquisition commands and monitor the status of the C1000 system.
Control mode operation is available at the protected level, which requires password authorization to
access. Each system has a unique, user-defined password that can be changed at any time. The
factory-set password for first time access to the protected level is 0123456789. It is recommended
that you change the protected-level password for your system after using the initial, factory-set
password. Once access to the protected level is attained, system control functions include starting
and stopping, and programming of setpoints.
Customer and Ancillary Connection Wiring Summary

Table 9-9 provides a summary of customer and ancillary equipment external connections in the
C1000 controller.
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COMMUNICATIONS
Table 9-9. Customer and Ancillary I/O Connections

Pin
Signal
Ratings
TB1-53
Wake-up signal if asleep

(Switch)
+24 VDC source on contact closure
TB1-55
Wake-up signal if asleep

(Switch) Return
-24 VDC return
TB1-12
Global E-Stop
70 mA contact rating for external switch
TB1-13
Global E-Stop Return
24 VDC sink
TB1-10
Local E-Stop
70 mA contact rating for external switch
TB1-11
Local E-Stop Return
24 VDC sink
TB1-5
DMSC 24 VDC Power

(Output)
24 VDC 5 A (+)
TB1-6
DMSC 24 VDC Power

Return
24 VDC 5 A (-)
TB3-15/16
Remote Start/Stop
Dry contact rated for 24 VDC 2 A
TB3-17/18
GC Enable (Grid Connect

mode)
TB3-19/20
SA Enable (Stand Alone

mode)
TB1-60
Modbus Slave A (Data-)
5 VDC RS-485 (PLC Data)
TB1-61
Modbus Slave B (Data+)
5 VDC RS-485 (PLC Data+)
TB1-62
Modbus Slave Shield
Shield GND in Panel
TB1-63
Modbus Master A (Data-)
5 VDC RS-485 (Panel PC Data)
TB1-64
Modbus Master B (Data+)
5 VDC RS-485 (Panel PC Data+)
TB1-65
Modbus Master Shield
Shield GND in Panel
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CHAPTER 10
MAINTENANCE
CHAPTER 10: MAINTENANCE

Capstone turbine systems require little maintenance due to their robust design and use of air
bearings. The use of air bearings, coupled with the fact that the turbine system does not incorporate
a mechanical transmission, means that no lubricants or coolants need to be periodically disposed of
or replaced.
Scheduled Maintenance
Refer to the Capstone Standard Maintenance Schedule Work Instruction (440000) for details on the
recommended service items and times.
Battery Life
Battery life expectancy is dependent on several factors, but is most strongly dependent on operating
temperature and the number of times the batteries are used to start the C600, C800 or C1000 turbine
stand-alone systems. Operating temperatures are a function of the ambient temperature as well as
the temperature rise due to repeated load cycling.
Battery life can therefore be estimated by multiplying the base life times temperature derating and
start derating factors. Provided the battery is maintained by appropriate equalization charges, a base
life of 26,282 hours should be used.
Expected life = Base Life x Temperature Derating x Starts Derating
Example:
Ambient temperature = 30 C
C1000 with 200 kW load transient every 200 seconds
200 Starts per Year
Step 1: Base Operating Hours.
Start with a base number of operating hours for 3 years or 26,280 hours.
Step 2: Find the Operating Temperature of the Battery.
Using Figure 10-1, find the temperature increase over ambient for the given transient load size and
the transient interval. The transients are shown here in per power module load transients. If a C1000
is used with a 200 kW transient load, the transient per module will be 200kW/5 = 40 kW. The
Temperature increase over ambient can be read from the y-axis on this figure. Add this value to the
ambient temperature to get the battery temperature during operation; in this example 30 + 5 = 35 C.
Step 3: Find the Temperature Derating of the Battery.
Using Figure 10-2, find the battery temperature (30 + 5 = 35 C) on the x-axis and read the derating
from the y-axis; in this example, 0.50. This number is multiplied by the number of hours from Step 1.
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MAINTENANCE
Step 4: Find the Number of Starts Derating.

Approximate the number of starts that the turbine will have in a one-year period. Find this number on
the x-axis on Figure 10-3 and read the corresponding value from the y-axis. This number is multiplied
by the number of hours in Step 2. In this example, 200 starts per year corresponds to 0.98.
Step 5: Calculate Lifetime of Battery.
Multiply the number of hours from Step 1 by the derating factors from Step 3 and 4. The result is the
number of operating hours expected to battery end of life.
Expected life = 26,282 hours x 0.50 x 0.98 = 12,878 operating hours
Note that the expected battery life should not be more than 20,000 operating hours or 3 years
elapsed time for scheduled maintenance purposes, even if the turbine is used for standby or in a
Dual Mode application.
Figure 10-1 provides an estimate of battery temperature rise as a function of size and frequency of
repetitive load transients.
Battery Temperature Increase (C200 System)
50.0
10 kW
20 kW
40 kW
60 kW
80 kW
100 kW
120 kW
Temperature Increase (C)
45.0
40.0
35.0
30.0
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
Transient Interval (Seconds)
Figure 10-1. Battery Temperature Increase due to Load Transients (per power module)
Figure 10-2 shows the appropriate derating factor for a given ambient temperature. The battery
temperature during cycling should be estimated by adding the value obtained from the appropriate
temperature increase chart, and the ambient temperature.
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1.0
Life derating factor
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
20
30
40
50
60
70
Battery Temperature (C)
Figure 10-2. Temperature Derating for Battery Life

Figure 10-3 shows the appropriate derating factor for the number of starts per year. To find the
derating, find the number of starts in one year on the x-axis, and follow the curve up to the line. The
derating can be read from the y-axis.
1.00
0.99
Derating Factor
0.98
0.97
0.96
0.95
0.94
0.93
0.92
0.91
0.90
0
100
200
300
400 500 600

# of Starts
700
800
900
1000
Figure 10-3. Derating for Number of Starts per Year
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CHAPTER 11
INSTALLATION
CHAPTER 11: INSTALLATION

Introduction
This section explains basic package installation and describes some example applications of the
C1000 series turbine including external equipment in a variety of power applications, as well as a
subsection on the electric utility interconnection process. This section is provided for reference only
and provides some best practices for specific applications. Capstone is able to provide application
specific support for your application. Refer to the latest revision of the C1000 Series O&I Drawing
(524341) for any dimensional clearance data. See Figure 11-1 for the external connections on the
C1000 series turbine. For high humidity connections, refer to the High Humidity Application Guide
(480035).
Main Circuit
Breakers
TCP/IP Service
Connections
Phase A
Bus Bar
Phase B
Bus Bar
Phase C
Bus Bar
Neutral
Bus Bar
Fuel
Connection
Floor Access for
Control Cables
Floor Access for
Power Cables
Ground Bus Bar
Figure 11-1. C1000 Series External Connections
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Safety Information
The following paragraphs describe equipment that is necessary for the safe operation of the
microturbine.
Overcurrent Protection and Disconnecting Devices

Overcurrent protection is required for each microturbine, usually by circuit breaker or fused
disconnect. This overcurrent protection device must be installed between the microturbine and the
electrical service panel. The type and fault-current ratings of the device must meet maximum current
and voltage ratings for each microturbine model as well as meet all local codes and specifications.
For CE compliant installations, the disconnect device must be one of the following types:
Switch disconnect device, with or without fuses, in accordance with IEC 60947-3, utilization
category AC-23B or DC-23B.
Disconnect device, with or without fuses, in accordance with IEC 60947-3, that has an
auxiliary contact that in all cases causes switching devices to break the load circuit before the
opening of the main contacts of the disconnect device.
A circuit breaker suitable for isolation in accordance with IEC 60947-2.
The operating means (for example, a handle) of the disconnect device must be easily accessible and
located between 0.6 and 1.9 m (2.0 and 6.2 ft) above the servicing level. An upper limit of 1.7 m
(5.6 ft) is recommended.
Recommended sizing for overcurrent protection for each C200 microturbine is 400 ARMS.
Emergency Stop
At least one emergency stop device must be connected to the microturbine to enable averting actual
or impending danger. When installed at a facility, the emergency stop device must be clearly
identifiable, clearly visible, and quickly accessible.
The emergency stop device must have direct opening operation per IEC 60947-5-1, and must be one
of the following types:
Push-button operated switch with palm or mushroom head
Pull-cord operated switch
Pedal operated switch without a mechanical guard
The color of the device actuator must be red. If there is any background immediately around the
actuator, the color of the background must be yellow.
The performance characteristics must be as follows:
The device must stop the microturbine as quickly as possible without creating additional risks.
Where necessary, the device must trigger or permit the triggering of certain safeguard
movements.
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After a stop command, once active operation of the device has ceased, the stop command
must be sustained by engagement of the device until that engagement is specifically
overridden.
It must not be possible to engage the device without triggering a stop command.
The device must be disengaged only by an appropriate operation; and disengaging the
device must not restart the microturbine but only permit restarting.
Fuel Connection
Refer to O&I Drawing 524341 for gaseous and liquid fuel inlet sizing.
Power Connection
Power Cable Sizing
Each phase bus bar provides four spaces on two lugs for power cable connection
per phase. If an installation requires more than four conductors per phase, the
installer can add additional lugs to each bus bar.
NOTE
Refer to Table 11-1 for NL1L2L3 power cable specifications and Table 11-2 for PE chassis
ground cable specifications.
Table 11-1. NL1L2L3 Cable Specifications
Maximum Wire Size
MCM
mm
in-lb
Nm
Max # of
Conductors per
Phase
600
300
500
56.5
Torque Spec
Conductor
Type
Copper
Table 11-2. Protective Earth (PE) / Chassis Ground Cable Specifications

Maximum Wire Size
Torque Spec
MCM
mm
in-lb
Nm
Conductor
Type
600
300
500
56.5
Copper
Power connections are made using sets of 600 MCM cable (three phases plus neutral) as listed in
Table 11-3. The use of multiple 600 MCM cables allows bend radius to be reduced to 14 inches.
Torque value listed is based upon maximum wire size using UL486 recommendation. Smaller torque values
may be possible for small gauge wire. Refer to UL486 for recommended torques using wire gauges smaller
than the maximum torque.
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Table 11-3. Power Cable Sets

Turbine
Main Power Connection
C600
3 sets 600 MCM
C800
4 sets 600 MCM
C1000
5 or 4 sets 600 MCM
Power Cable Access Locations

Cable access locations are shown in Figure 11-2. Primary access for power cable connections is
through an access panel at the bottom of the C1000 series enclosure on the power connection end,
which is provided for standard floor installation.
The lower part of the side panel (on the power connection end) can be used as an optional punchout
area for conduit fittings, as shown in Figure 11-2. Use only UL/IEC rated conduits and fittings. Do not
exceed the punchout area dimensions specified in the latest revision of the C1000 Series O&I
Drawing (524341). Before punching holes, ensure there will be adequate spacing between fittings.
Shipping and Handling

The C1000 series turbine is contained in a 10x30 foot enclosure. The enclosure includes corner
castings for lifting and tie-down, and fork lift pockets for lifting (requires the use of an oversize forklift).
The most economical method for overseas shipping is the use of a 40-foot flat rack for shipping, rail
and truck transport. This allows a properly protected C1000 to be treated much like an ISO container
for much of the required handling. Due to the C1000 package dimensions (30 x 8 x 9 feet) the unit is
not ISO compliant in both width and height for standard flat rack shipping. This should be brought to
the attention of the freight forwarder at the time of quotation.
Foundation
The C1000 series turbine packages require a level, solid foundation for field installation. Because the
C1000 packages are contained within an ISO-style enclosure, no additional environmental protection
will be required for most applications.
The C1000 series enclosure can be installed and supported from the units four corner castings. The
small offset from the enclosure bottom and these corner castings allows for water runoff drainage,
preventing possible enclosure corrosion due to standing water. Refer to C1000 Series O&I Drawing
(524341) for system weights for pad design.
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Optional
Punchout
Areas*
SIDE VIEW
Floor Access
Panels (Primary
Access)
BOTTOM VIEW
* Use only UL/IEC rated conduits and fittings. Do not exceed area
dimensions specified in O&I Drawing. Before punching holes, ensure

there will be adequate spacing between fittings.
Figure 11-2. External Connection Access Locations
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Service Clearances
Sufficient service area clearances are required for serving of the C1000 series turbine packages.
Refer to the C1000 Series O&I Drawing (524341) for minimum required service areas. These
minimum requirements are based on the minimum possible service areas for removal of internal
package components. Your installation may require greater service areas depending on the other
equipment expected to be used during maintenance (for instance a truck or forklift for engine or
component removal). These service area requirements cannot be reduced.
Example Applications
Grid Connect Operation - Connection to a Utility System
Grid Connect operation mostly entails generating power in peak-shaving or base-load applications,
displacing grid-supplied electricity when generation on-site can be done more economically, and in
many cases more efficiently and with fewer emissions than electricity generated at a central plant.
Inverter-based technology allows turbines to use grid voltages as a reference for power production as
a current source. Seamless operation with the grid, with unity power factor and power ramping
capability, helps customers meet load profile requirements as well as relieves strain on the grid
distribution system while reducing grid heat losses.
Capstone turbines are designed to safely produce power in parallel with an electric utility. Relay
protection functions required for safe interconnection are built-in turbine features, accommodating
flexibility for a range of voltage and frequency settings. Field adjustable settings accommodate safe
fault clearance at specific multiphase fault conditions.
Figure 11-3 depicts a typical Grid Connect installation.
Figure 11-3. Grid Connect Operation

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Grid Connect operation may be enhanced using a power meter to provide power flow signals to the
turbine.
In grid-parallel applications with variable electric loads, economics and/or utility restrictions may
require that no power, or limited power, be exported to the utility. This requirement can be met using
an external power meter, as shown in Figure 11-4.
Using a power meters signals, a turbine can dynamically adjust its output power level to ensure that
limited or zero power flows back to the utility. This application is called Load Following. For details
on setting up a power meter, refer to the Chapter 9: Communications - External Power Meter Inputs
in this document.
Figure 11-4. Grid Connect, Load-Following Operation Using a Power Meter
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Stand Alone (Remote) Operation Turbine as Sole Power Source

In Stand Alone mode, the turbine solely supports the load, providing required voltage, active and
reactive power. Stand Alone capable turbines are equipped with a battery and battery controllers.
The battery is used for both starting the turbine and supplying transient energy to connected loads.
Figure 11-5 shows a typical remote power diagram.
Figure 11-5. Stand Alone (Remote) Operation
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Dual Mode Turbine is Both Grid Connect and Standby

The term Dual Mode refers to a turbines ability to operate both in parallel with a commercial utility or
isolated from the utility in Stand Alone mode. Manual transfer between these modes of operation
may be accomplished with a manual switch. Automatic or manual transfer may also be accomplished
using a Capstone Dual Mode System Controller (DMSC). In cases where the load cannot tolerate
any interruption, a UPS is used upstream of the critical load.
Figure 11-6 depicts a typical dual-mode configuration.
Figure 11-6. Dual Mode Operation

The DMSC serves as an inter tie disconnect between the grid and the load. Any load downstream of
the DMSC is termed the critical or protected load.
The critical load may be supplied from either:
Commercial Utility (power company grid or line power)
Both utility and turbine operating in parallel (Grid Connect, or GC)
Or the turbine by itself (Stand Alone, or SA).
The transfer is initiated by:
An undervoltage relay, built into the DMSC, in case of the grid outage, or
Manually, by operator via the DMSCs front panel.
In Grid Connect mode, when a grid outage occurs, the DMSC circuitry senses the outage and opens
a motorized switch or circuit breaker, isolating the turbine and load from the utility. The turbine may
be configured to transition automatically to Stand Alone mode and resume power production, upon
isolation from the utility.
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The load experiences a power outage of a maximum of 10 seconds during such a transition. When
the grid returns to normal operation, the DMSC will signal the turbine to resume Grid Connect
operation and will close the utility line circuit, supplying power to the load. When utility power is
restored, the loads will return to the grid within five (5) seconds. The turbine may be operating in a
Hot Standby mode for up to 30 minutes, to be sure the utility voltage remains stable before
reconnecting in Grid Connect mode.
Reliability Operation, Isolated Turbine as Grid or Prime Power Source

Turbine operation may be completely isolated from the utility by means of an Automatic Transfer
Switch (ATS). Several operating modes are possible using an ATS, each mode having different
performance characteristics. In all cases, the schematic is generally the same.
The differences lie in whether the grid or turbine is configured as primary power, and how the turbine
is configured to operate. In cases where the load cannot tolerate any interruption, a UPS is used
upstream of the critical load.
Figure 11-7 depicts a typical configuration using an ATS.
Figure 11-7. Isolated Operation
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Table 11-4 outlines various operating modes possible using both Dual Mode System Controllers and
transfer switches, with performance characteristics.
Table 11-4. Mode/Configuration Performance Comparison
Mode of Operation vs. Interruption
External
Equipment
Prime to
Backup
Delay
Backup to
Prime Delay
Turbine as Prime* or Standby, plus UPS.

MT can operate in Grid Connect mode as prime,
peaking or standby; grid failure initiates MT
shutdown/restart, batteries ride through event.
Battery UPS
None
None
MT Grid Connect and Stand Alone*

MT runs grid connected, shuts down and restarts
in Stand Alone mode upon grid failure.
DMSC**
<10 sec***
<5 sec
MT Stand Alone Prime, Grid as Backup*

MT provides prime power, with ATS switching to
utility only if MT goes offline.
ATS
<5 sec
<5 sec
Grid Prime, MT Standby

MT runs only when utility fails, in Stand Alone
mode
DMSC** or ATS
<6 min***
<5 sec
Grid Prime, MT idling Stand-Alone

MT idles in isolated Stand Alone mode (load
state), providing power to the load only during
grid failure
ATS
<5 sec**
<5 sec
*Co-generation (exhaust utilization for heating, drying, absorption chilling) is possible with continuous/extended operation.
**Capstone auto-switching Dual Mode System Controller allows better load matching than an ATS, as MT power in excess of
the critical load can flow to non-critical loads upstream of the DMSC. ATS does not allow Grid Connect operation, or the
utilization of excess MT power. However, ATS transfer times are faster, and a utility interconnection agreement may not be
required.
***Assume turbine internal battery state of charge >60%.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
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CHAPTER 11
INSTALLATION
Single Phase Applications

In applications where the connected load is single phase, there are several ways to convert the
turbines three-phase output to single-phase. Note that this is only applicable to Stand Alone
applications.
120-240 Volt
The most useful and recommended way is called a Zig-Zag connection (see Figure 11-8), utilizing
three single-phase transformer banks, and is shown below for several applications. The 480/120-240
VAC topology produces a center-tapped 240 VAC voltage source. Two sources of 120 VAC power
are available on either side of the center tap. Note that the 120 VAC power sources are 180 apart.
The 240 VAC source may be loaded to 66% of the turbine kW capacity, or each 120 VAC source
may be loaded to 33% individually.
Figure 11-8. Zig-Zag Connection
Figure 11-9. Zig-Zag Vector Diagram

410072 Rev C (March 2015)
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CHAPTER 11
INSTALLATION
Each transformer in the zig-zag connection must be rated for 67 kVA. The utilization factor for the set
of 3 transformers is 66.7%. The utilization factors of the individual transformers are:
UFT1 = 100%
UFT2 = 50%
UFT3 = 50%
Example for a C600: In a typical application 396 kW of power may be delivered to a 120/240 VAC
load. The individual loadings are:
Turbine Power = 396 kW
Total transformer capacity: 396 x 1.2 = 475 kVA
T1 = 160 kVA
T2 = 160 kVA
T3 = 160 kVA
Phase L1-L2 Power = 160 kW
Phase L1-L2 VA= 160 kVA
Phase L2-L3 and L3-L1 Power = 160 kW
Phase L2-L3 and L3-L1 VA = 160 kVA
120-208 Volt
Two single transformer banks, 480/120 VAC can be connected to produce 120 VAC and 208 VAC,
as follows.
Figure 11-10. 120/208 VAC Single-Phase Diagram

In all above cases, it is only possible to draw 2/3 of the turbines maximum power rating.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
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CHAPTER 11
INSTALLATION
Relay protection functions in the turbine do not allow grid-parallel operations in any
of the above single phase applications.
NOTE
Full Power
When a single-phase load can be distributed between three mutually exclusive electric panels, full
power output can be achieved.
The following example illustrates single-phase configuration for full power utilization, with the output
circuits, at 67 kW each. This example is essentially a three-phase application, where the phases are
isolated. Phases can be up to 100% imbalanced.
Figure 11-11. Full-Power Output via three (3) Isolated Single Phase Loads
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 11-14
CHAPTER 11
INSTALLATION
Special Applications
Motor Control with Soft Start
In cases where the only connected load is a electric motor, the C1000 package inverter based
power electronics may be used to avoid installation of a soft-start system.
Dual Mode Operation

A Capstone turbine can be used as an alternative power source to the grid, supplying a critical load.
Automatic or manual load transfer from and to a utility source can be accomplished by either
traditional auto-transfer switch, or by the Capstone Dual Mode System Controller (DMSC), serving as
a transfer switch and also acting as intertie disconnect between the grid and the load. An intentional
island will be created when load is balanced with the turbine output.
The critical load can be supplied from either:
Power company grid (Line Power)
Both, grid and turbine in parallel, Grid Connect (GC) mode
The turbine, Stand Alone (SA) mode
The transfer is initiated automatically by:
Undervoltage relay, built into the DMSC, in case of grid outage, or
Manually, by operator on the DMSC front panel
In Grid Connect Mode (GC), a grid outage is detected by the DMSC undervoltage relay, which then
isolates the utility from the turbine by opening the DMSC motorized switch. When the grid returns to
normal operation, the DMSC will close the utility line circuit, supplying power to the load.
In Stand Alone mode (SA), the turbine solely supports the load, providing required voltage, active and
reactive power.
Variable time settings accomplish coordination between DMSC and the turbine protection devices. In
case a grid voltage sag is in excess of set time (from 0.2 to 10 seconds) and voltage (from nominal to
50%), the DMSC undervoltage relay will cause the DMSC switch to open, isolating the critical load
and turbine from the grid. In case of a grid outage, the DMSC undervoltage relay will trip the switch
immediately. In the latter case, the turbine protective relays will shut down the unit(s), transferring
from GC to SA operations.
The DMSC will control an electromechanical disconnect device (such as an electrically operated
circuit breaker) which can be installed at various locations and voltage levels. In the shown example,
the disconnect device is specified for 208 V at the Meter (PCC), and the MT voltage is 480 V.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
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CHAPTER 11
INSTALLATION
Figure 11-12. Dual Mode System Controller Connection Diagram
Power Meter Application

The turbine is a demand-loaded system. The demand can be established manually, or by closed
loop signals produced remotely. At any point of a connected power system, meter data
communicated to the turbine can be used to control real power.
In grid parallel applications with variable electric loads, there can be some restrictions for exporting
electric power into the utility company grid. These restrictions can be related to non-power export
mode or limited power export mode.
The turbine can accommodate meter data, forward power flow (+PWR) and reverse power flow (PWR) in form of signals at a rate proportional to the power flow at the control point to control power
produced. The application is called Load Following.
In processing the information, the turbine ramps up and down power output, keeping the required
power level at the control point.
Power meters with KYZ outputs are commercially available from such vendors as Elster, CutlerHammer, GE, and Siemens.
Consideration shall be given to meters approved by the utility company for compatibility, when used
at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) or any other point controlled by the utility. In case of PCC, a
meter can be rated and used as a revenue meter for accounting purposes.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
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CHAPTER 11
INSTALLATION
Refer to Chapter 4: Operating Modes Load Following and Chapter 9: Communications External
Power Meter Inputs in this document for more information.
Branch A
Branch B
Power
Meter
Utility
Breaker C
Power Meter
Current
Transformer
Breaker D
MicroTurbine
Figure 11-13. Power Meter Connection Diagram
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
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CHAPTER 11
INSTALLATION
Examples of Single Line Diagrams

The following illustrations are examples of single line diagrams.
Figure 11-14. Single Line Diagram DMSC Example
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
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CHAPTER 11
INSTALLATION
Figure 11-15. Single Line Diagram Grid Connect Example
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
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CHAPTER 11
INSTALLATION
Figure 11-16. Single Line Diagram MultiPac Example
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CHAPTER 11
INSTALLATION
Utility Interconnection
Overview
Compliance with the requirements detailed in this document is essential to avoid problems that can
affect the performance, life, reliability, warranty, and in some cases, the safe operation of the
Capstone turbine system.
This section helps provide a standardized method for the interconnection of Capstone turbine
generators to the power grid. It is intended for use by Capstone distributors, buyers, consulting
engineers, and utility companies when considering turbines for utility grid parallel operations.
Due to technical advances in microprocessor-based power generation technologies with integrated
relay protection functions, the Capstone turbine generator is designed to be easily interconnected to
the electric utility grid, supplementing utility provided electric power.
This section is specifically written to assist with the applications of Capstone products. It provides an
overview of the interconnection process, based on utility interconnect requirements, institutional
standards (IEEE 1547, UL 1741), and individual states interconnect standards.
Interconnect Application Steps

Feasibility Study
Economic analysis, precluding further steps, should consider local utility tariffs or competitive prices,
interconnection fees, permit approval activities, and consulting services for Capstone applications.
These expenditures vary depending on the number of the Capstone units, geographical location, and
the utility company. It should be recognized that Capstone units are certified for safe utility
interconnection by Underwriters Laboratories and by the states of New York and California. This
interconnect certification means that the process can take less time than for uncertified generators,
and should therefore be less costly to customers.
Factors impacting the interconnect process:
Number of turbine units proposed.
Nature of the grid at point of connection.
Power distribution or Point of Common Coupling (PCC) Voltage level.
Requirements of the specific utility company.
Electric Load to be supplied.
Power Quality parameters such as voltage sagging, flicker, harmonic distortions.
Other Distributed Generator or Generation (DG) systems operating on premises, in

parallel with the grid.
Utility and state regulations in the region.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 11-21
CHAPTER 11
INSTALLATION
Timeline
Though turbine installation and interconnection with a utility for parallel operation should not present
technical difficulties, experience has shown that utilities are sensitive to interconnection issues, due to
their legal obligation to provide power to their customers, and require a thorough, methodical
approach consistent with individual utility requirements. Establishing realistic timeframes and duties
will facilitate smooth implementation, maintain good relations, and minimize potential delays.
Utilities and states are currently standardizing the interconnection process, reviewing the fee
structure and setting up testing requirements. The process will establish procedures, timelines and all
requirements for interconnection with the grid.
Depending on the complexity of the installation, the time to complete the interconnection after the
initial meeting varies from two weeks in some states (CA and NY), to six weeks in other states (TX).
This is in part due to the complexity of the interconnection and individual utility requirements for
protective relay functions. Since the Capstone C600, C800 and C1000 turbines have UL1741
certification, it is expected that in some cases the process can be fast tracked.
Technical factors that can impact the interconnect review process or determine which utility
interconnect plan applies include the following:
Distribution System at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC): network or radial.
Size of generation facility in relation to the capacity of the utility feeder.
Export capacity, as a percentage of feeder or line section peak load.
The interconnection standards are issued in the following states:
California (also known as CPUC Rule 21).
New York (Standardized Interconnection Requirements and Application Process).
Texas (PUCT DG Interconnection Manual).
Ohio
Alberta, Calgary Canada.
Illinois (ComEds The DG Book).
Configurations
The electrical output of the Capstone turbine generator is 400 to 480 VAC 50/60 Hz, 3-phase, Wye,
with a solidly grounded neutral. For other system voltages, transformation is required for turbine Grid
Connect interconnection with the power system or to support Stand Alone operation with customer
loads.
NOTE
Turbines can be connected and operated with an asymmetric configuration, such

as 120/240 VAC, 3-phases, 3 or 4 wires.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 11-22
CHAPTER 11
INSTALLATION
Project Design
A qualified engineering firm or a consultant, in compliance with local, state, and national codes and
regulations, shall design an application which shall be in compliance with local, state, and national
electrical regulations including the National Electrical Code (NEC). A one line diagram and a plan are
minimally required in an interconnect application.
Interconnect Application
The typical application process consists of the following steps and can be more or less expanded
based on state and utility requirements. Additional procedures can require additional screening and
supplemental review, depending on the size of the DG application.
NOTE
Insufficient or incomplete information can cause a delay or rejection of the

application.
Initial Communication: inquiry for an application.
Completion and submission of the Application forms, documents, and initial review fees.
Upon acceptance, the utility company will prepare an Interconnection Agreement for
execution by the applicant and the power company.
In addition, the following are normally required:
A one-line diagram showing the electrical relationship and descriptions of the significant
electrical components such as the primary switchgear, secondary switchboard,
protective relays, transformers, generators, circuit breakers, with operating voltages,
capacities, and protective functions of the Generating Facility, the Customers loads, and
the interconnection with the Utility Distribution System.
Site plans and diagrams showing the physical relationship of the significant electrical
components of the Generating Facility such as generators, transformers, primary
switchgear/secondary switchboard, and control panels, the Customers loads and the
interconnection with the Utility Distribution System.
Transformer information (voltages, capacity, winding arrangements, taps connections,

impedance, etc.), if used to interconnect the Generating Facility with the Utility
Distribution System.
In the case of Dual Mode applications, it may be necessary to provide information on the
transfer switching scheme or the Capstone Dual Mode System Controller, including
capacity rating, technical and operational description.
A disconnect device, with visible open circuit shall be provided and shown in the
submittals, with specific brand, catalogue number, and rating, for each turbine output
line, for utility company approval as a safety means for preventing any feedback to the
grid during maintenance or repair work on the grid, upstream of the turbine.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
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CHAPTER 11
INSTALLATION
Protective Relay Functions

The Capstone turbine is equipped with built-in relay protection functions, which are performed by a
microprocessor and other firmware. These functions are described in the Protective Relay Functions
Technical Reference (410033), and are only adjustable by a Capstone Authorized Service Provider.
Additional protective relay functions may be required by the local utility, and can be installed
externally when needed; for example a reverse power relay at the point of common coupling with the
utility or a ground fault relay (device 51N).
Application Review by the Utility Company

The utility will conduct a review of the design package to ensure that the plans/design satisfy the goal
of attaining a safe, reliable, and sufficient interconnection and will satisfy the technical requirements
for interconnection. In addition, some site-specific tests may be required prior to final authorization to
interconnect.
Interconnect Agreement
The utility will provide the executable standardized interconnection contract, metering agreement,
and power purchase agreement, appropriate for the DG application and desired mode of operation.
These documents will clarify roles and responsibilities between the utility and customer and specify
any additional power systems modifications, metering, monitoring, or protection devices necessary to
accommodate the DG project in the utility distribution system.
The agreements will establish responsibilities, completion schedules, and estimated or fixed price
costs for the required work. Execution of these agreements will indicate approval to proceed with the
installation or to perform the construction work related to the interconnection.
Start-Up and Tests

During the start-up process, a utility company may request a demonstration of certain capabilities
related to parallel operation with the grid. Such a demonstration can include: a response to a grid
outage, demonstration of relay protection functionality and settings, and a response to some grid
anomalies such as loss of phase, which results in two- or one-phase conditions operating in a three
phase distribution system. Non-export of power can be required in some installations, which can be
demonstrated by enabling the turbine Load Following feature or using a separate reverse power
relay.
In Dual Mode applications, islanding with isolated load and returning in parallel mode may be
required to demonstrate and test the Capstone Dual Mode System Controller (DMSC).
These tests will require advance preparation including a written procedure and coordination with the
utility.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 11-24
CHAPTER 13
REFERENCED DOCUMENTATION
CHAPTER 12: REFERENCED DOCUMENTATION

The following table lists applicable Capstone documentation.
Document Part No.
Description
400008
C200 Users Manual
400023
Dual Mode System Controller (DMSC) Users Manual
400024
C1000 Users Manual
400026
APS-145 Users Manual
410002
Fuel Requirements Technical Reference
410013
CRMS Technical Reference, User Edition
410014
CRMS Technical Reference, Maintenance Edition
410033
Protective Relay Functions Technical Reference
410073
CRMS-APS/C1000 Controller Technical Reference
410079
APS-145 Technical Reference
410065
Emissions Technical Reference
410071
Dual Mode System Controller Technical Reference
430073
C1000 Troubleshooting Guide
440000
Standard Maintenance Schedule
460051
C1000 Product Specification
480002
Landfill/Digester Gas Use Application Guide
480035
High Humidity Application Guide
524341
C1000 Outline and Installation (O&I) Drawing
525111-011
C1000 Controller Schematic
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page 12-1
APPENDIX A
FACTORY DEFAULT MODBUS REGISTERS
Appendix A: Factory Default Modbus Table

with Pre-Defined Registers
The APS is programmed with pre-defined Modbus registers that contain factory default Modbus
parameters, as described in Table A-1. The factory default parameters can be used in most Modbus
applications without any further programming. If an application requires additional Modbus
programming, refer to Appendix B for a list of all available Modbus parameters. A parameter name in
the Data Table column refers to its Modbus table listed in Appendix B.
NOTE: SLAVE_CMD, SLAVE_OPER_PARAM, and SLAVE_DAQ parameters represent
individual microturbine data. The same Modbus register is used to read information from
multiple turbines through the Modbus Device ID. This allows each data item to require
only one (for 16 bit register) or two (for 32 bit register) register addresses, regardless of
the number of microturbines using the associated parameter. GpOperParam, CASP,
IO_ANA, and IO_SLAVE parameters represent APS/C1000 Controller Information. Use
the APS/C1000 Controller node (Modbus Device ID) to read/write the data.
NOTE: The Modbus registers in Table A-1 have a low register address and a high register
address. The parameters high word is in the low register address, and its low word is in
the high register address. When using the register, send the high word first (low register
address), followed by the low word (high register address).
Table A-1. Factory Default Modbus Table
Register
Description
Identifier
Data Table
Type
Units
Scale
O_MBS_HEARTBEAT
IO_ANA
UINT16
number
locked
SLAVE_CMD
INT16
number
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
INT16
amp
0.0625
40001
Modbus heartbeat output
40002
Child status with respect to APS
40003
Current Phase A
Ia
40004
Current Phase B
Ib
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
INT16
amp
0.0625
40005
Current Phase C
Ic
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
INT16
amp
0.0625
40006
Current Neutral
In
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
INT16
amp
0.0625
40007
Voltage Phase A
Va
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
UINT16
volt
0.0625
40008
Voltage Phase B
Vb
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
UINT16
volt
0.0625
40009
Voltage Phase C
Vc
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
UINT16
volt
0.0625
40010
Contactor status
contr_status
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
UINT16
number
Date of last equalization charge

40011
Word 1 High Byte - Month

Word 1 Low Byte - Day
Word 2 - Year
DAQ_UNIT_LEQDATE
SLAVE_DAQ
UINT32
time
Time
format
40013
Battery temperature
DAQ_UNIT_BATTMP
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
degrees
Celsius
40015
Battery State of Charge (SOC)
DAQ_UNIT_BATSOC
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
percent
(%)
0.1
40017
Battery current
DAQ_UNIT_BATI
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
amp
0.0488
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page A-1
APPENDIX A
Table A-1. Factory Default Modbus Table (Continued)

Register
Description
Identifier
Data Table
Type
Units
Scale
40019
Battery voltage
DAQ_UNIT_BATV
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
volt
0.0488
40021
Battery power
DAQ_UNIT_BATKW
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
kW
1.2207
40023
Battery state (refer to Table A-2

for details)
DAQ_UNIT_BATSTATE
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
number
40025
Battery 2 voltage
DAQ_UNIT_BATV2
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
volt
0.0488
40027
Battery 2 current
DAQ_UNIT_BATI2
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
amp
0.0488
0.1
DAQ_UNIT_BATSOC2
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
percent
(%)
DAQ_UNIT_BATSTATE2
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
number
Battery 2 temperature
DAQ_UNIT_BATTMP2
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
degrees
Celsius
40035
Battery 2 power
DAQ_UNIT_BATKW2
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
kW
1.2207
40037
Frequency
DAQ_UNIT_FREQ
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
hertz
0.0625
40039
Voltage of power supply
DAQ_UNIT_PSVOLT
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
volt
0.0625
40041
Inverter heatsink temperature
DAQ_UNIT_INVTMP
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
degrees
Celsius
40043
Generator heatsink temperature
DAQ_UNIT_GENTMP
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
degrees
Celsius
40045
Ambient pressure
DAQ_UNIT_PAMB
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
kPA
0.01
40047
Ambient temperature
DAQ_UNIT_INTMP
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
degrees
Fahrenheit
0.125
40049
Engine exhaust temperature
DAQ_UNIT_TET
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
degrees
Fahrenheit
0.125
40051
Fuel command
DAQ_UNIT_FULPCNT
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
percent
(%)
0.1
40029
Battery 2 SOC
40031
Battery 2 state (refer to Table

A-2 for details)
40033
Operating Hours
40053
Word 1 - Hours
Word 2 - Minutes
DAQ_UNIT_WARRHR
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
time
Time
format
40055
Number of starts
DAQ_UNIT_WARRST
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
number
40057
Engine speed
DAQ_UNIT_RPM
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
rpm
2 (1)
40059
Severity level of highest base

level fault (refer to
Troubleshooting Guide)
DAQ_UNIT_FLTSSL_BASE
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
number
40061
Fault code of highest base level

fault (refer to Troubleshooting
Guide)
DAQ_UNIT_FLTCODE_BASE
SLAVE_DAQ
INT32
number
40063
Start command
strcmd
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
INT32
number
sys_utlcon
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
INT32
number
pwrdmd
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
INT32
Watt
System utility connection status

40065
40067
0 = Invalid
1 = Stand Alone
2 = Gird Connect
3 = Dual Mode
Power demand
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page A-2
APPENDIX A

Register
Description
Identifier
Data Table
Type
Units
Scale
40069
MultiPac enable flag
mpenab
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
INT32
number
40071
Battery enable flag
batena
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
INT32
number
40073
Battery charge flag
batchg
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
INT32
number
40075
Recharge enable flag
rchena
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
INT32
number
40077
System status (refer to Table

A-3 for details)
syscon
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
INT32
number
40079
Inverter power
invpwr
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
INT32
Watt
40081
Generator power
genpwr
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
INT32
Watt
40083
Engine speed
engspd
SLAVE_OPER_PARAM
INT32
rpm
2 (1)
40085
Output power Stand Alone

group
pwrout
GpOperParam
INT32
Watt
40087
Power capacity Stand Alone

Group
pwr_capacity
GpOperParam
INT32
Watt
40089
Output power Grid Connect

Group 2
pwrout
GpOperParam
INT32
Watt
40091
Power capacity Grid Connect

Group 2
pwr_capacity
GpOperParam
INT32
Watt
40093
VA feedback
pwr_va
GpOperParam
INT32
VA
40095
VAR feedback
pwr_var
GpOperParam
INT32
VAR
40097
Power factor feedback
pfactr_fb
GpOperParam
INT16
Number
44102
Optimal microturbine
communication period
MultipacFrequency
CASP
UINT32
millisecond
44104
Optimal pinging period while

seeking unlocked microturbines
PingFrequency
CASP
UINT32
millisecond
44106
Optimal DAQ information

retrieval period
DaqFrequency
CASP
UINT32
millisecond
44108
Maximum turbine number
MaxTurbineNumber
CASP
INT16
number
44109
Grid Connect interconnect flag
I_GC_EN
IO_ANA
UINT16
number
44110
Stand Alone interconnect flag
I_SA_EN
IO_ANA
UINT16
number
44111
Battery start command
I_BATSTRT
IO_ANA
UINT16
number
44112
Dual-Mode controller start

command
I_STR_DMC
IO_ANA
UINT16
number
44113
Power meter input (scale is

determined based on
transducer type)
I_PWRMTR (2)
IO_ANA
UINT16
number
44114
Minimum capacity input (scale is

determined based on
transducer type)
I_MINCAP
IO_ANA
UINT16
number
44115
Temperature sensor input
I_RTD (1)
IO_ANA
UINT16
degrees
Fahrenheit
44116

(hires)
I_RTDHIRES (2)
IO_ANA
UINT16
degrees
Fahrenheit
0.1
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page A-3
APPENDIX A

Register
Description
Identifier
Data Table
Type
Units
Scale
O_BATWAKE
IO_ANA
UINT16
number
O_SALOAD
IO_ANA
UINT16
number
44117
Battery wakeup output signal
44118
Stand Alone load output signal
44119
MultiPac power output (high

word)
O_MPWROUT2 (2)
IO_ANA
UINT16
number
44120
MultiPac power output (low

word) (the above two words
make up the MultiPac power
output in Watts)
O_MPWROUT (2)
IO_ANA
UINT16
number
44121
MultiPac power capacity (high

word)
O_MPWRCAP2 (2)
IO_ANA
UINT16
number
44122
MultiPac power capacity (low

word) (the above two words
make up the MultiPac power
capacity in Watts)
O_MPWRCAP (2)
IO_ANA
UINT16
number
44123
PLC reset output
O_PLC_RESET (3)
IO_ANA
UINT16
number
44124
External start input
I_EXT_STRT
IO_SLAVE
UINT16
number
44125
Spinning reserve input
I_SPIN_RSRV
IO_SLAVE
UINT16
number
1 (4)
44126
PLC reset input
I_PLC_RESET (3)
IO_SLAVE
UINT16
number
44127
External power demand input
I_EXT_DMD
IO_SLAVE
UINT16
number
44128
External power factor input
I_EXT_PF
IO_SLAVE
INT16
number
44129
Power factor command
I_PFACTR
IO_ANA
UINT16
number
44130
Power factor fault output
O_PFACTR_FAULT
IO_ANA
UINT16
number
44131
Modbus Communication from

Master
O_EXT_MBM_COMM
IO_ANA
UINT16
number
Table A-1 Notes:

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
For C200 and C1000, the scale is 1.

Custom programming is required for this parameter.
Used with the C1000 series controller only.
Use the conversion factor field in CRMS-APS for the desired scale (default is 1). Conversion factor of 1000 is
recommended for kW input.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page A-4
APPENDIX A
Table A-2. Battery States

State
Parameter
Description
BATT_SA_TRANS
Battery transition to Stand Alone mode
BATT_IN_SA
Battery in Stand Alone mode
BATT_ENA_CHK
Battery enabled check
BATT_TURN_ON
Battery turned on
BATT_WAIT_FOR_OFF
Battery waiting for Off command
BATT_TURN_OFF
Battery turned off
BATT_TURN_ON_CHG
Battery turned on for charging
BATT_START_CHG
Battery charge started
BATT_CHARGING
Battery charging
BATT_EQCHG_UPDATE
Battery equalization charge update
Table A-3. System States

System State (Hex)
Description
System Type
2000
Power Up
C30/C65/C200
3001
2001
Stand By
C30/C65/C200
3002
2002
Prepare to Start
C30/C65/C200
3003
2003
Liftoff
C30/C65/C200
3004
2004
Open Loop Light Off
C30/C65/C200
3005
2005
Accel
C30/C65/C200
3006
2006
Run
C30/C65/C200
3007
2007
Load
C30/C65/C200
3008
2008
Recharge
C30/C65/C200
3009
2009
Cooldown
C30/C65/C200
300A
200A
Warmdown
C30/C65/C200
300B
200B
Restart
C30/C65/C200
300C
200C
Shutdown
C30/C65/C200
300D
200D
Fault
C30/C65/C200
300E
200E
Disable
C30/C65/C200
300F
200F
Bad_Configuration
C30/C65/C200
3010
2010
Software Download
C30/C65/C200
3011
2011
Idle Recharge
C30/C65/C200
3012
2012
Burn In
C30/C65/C200
Grid Connect
Stand Alone
3000
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page A-5
APPENDIX A
Table A-3. System States (Continued)

System State (Hex)
Description
System Type
2013
Protective Relay Test
C30/C65/C200
3014
2014
Protective Relay Fault
C30/C65/C200
3015
2015
Prepare to Prime
C30 liquid only
3016
2016
Prime LFC
C30 liquid only
3017
2017
LFC Drain
C30 liquid only
3018
2018
Electrical Cooldown
C65 only
3019
2019
CHP Selftest
C65 only
Grid Connect
Stand Alone
3013
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page A-6
APPENDIX B
C1000 MODBUS PARAMETER TABLES
Appendix B: C1000 Modbus Parameter Tables

This Appendix provides the complete list of Modbus parameters accessible from the C1000 Series
Controller. The Modbus tables contained in this Appendix are described in Table B-1.
Table B-1. List of Modbus Parameter Tables
Table
Category Description
B-2: Turbine Commands

(SLAVE_CMD)
This table contains the list of parameters used for commands sent to
each turbine from the C1000 series controller. Select the device ID
(Modbus node number) of a specific turbine to access the set of
parameters for that turbine.
B-3: Turbine Operating

Parameters Status
(SLAVE_OPER_PARAM)
This table contains the list of parameters used to report the operating
status of each turbine. Select the device ID (Modbus node number) of
a specific turbine to access the set of parameters for that turbine.
B-4: Turbine Data

(SLAVE_DAQ)
This table contains the list of additional parameters with data provided
by each turbine. Select the device ID (Modbus node number) of a
specific turbine to access the set of parameters for that turbine.
B-5: PLC I/O Parameters

(IO_ANA)
This table contains the list of parameters read from and written to the
PLC in the C1000 series controller. There is only one set of these
parameters for the C1000 series controller. Select device ID (Modbus
node number) 1 to access these parameters.
B-6: Slave Modbus Write

Parameters
(IO_SLAVE)
This table contains the list of parameters written to the C1000 series
controller by an external Modbus master. There is only one set of
these parameters for the controller. Select device ID (Modbus node
number) 1 to access these parameters.
B-7: Group Commands

(GpCommand)
This table contains the list of parameters used as commands for each
pre-defined group of turbines. Select the specific group number to
access the set of parameters for that group.
B-8: Group Operating

Parameters Status
(GpOperParam)
This table contains the list of parameters used to report the operating
status of each pre-defined group of turbines. Select the specific group
number to access the set of parameters for that group.
B-9: Turbine Settings

(FRM_MDATA)
This table contains the list of parameters used as settings for each
turbine. Select the device ID (Modbus node number) of a specific
turbine to access the set of parameters for that turbine.
B-10: APS Settings

(CASP)
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
This table contains the list of parameters that are specific to the C1000
series controller. There is only one set of these parameters for the
controller. Select device ID (Modbus node number) 1 to access these
parameters.
Page B-1
APPENDIX B
Table B-2. Turbine Commands (SLAVE_CMD)

Identifier
Description
Type
Units
Scale
TURBNO
Structure ID (corresponds to Turbine number)
INT16
number
time_stamp
Packet transmission time (value increments if

communication is OK)
INT32
millisecond
pwrdmd
Power Demand
INT32
Watt
strcmd
Start Command
INT32
number
rchena
INT32
number
cd_utlcon
User defined Utility Connection
INT32
number
sys_utlcon
System Utility Connection Status

0 = Invalid
1 = Stand Alone
2 = Gird Connect
3 = Dual Mode
INT32
number
contr_cmd
Contactor command
INT16
number
cd_init_ok
Flag indicating new Frame Data Structure
INT16
number
cd_init_cntr
Control data initialization counter
INT16
number
gc_enable
Grid Connect enable flag
INT16
number
batena
Battery enable flag
INT32
number
batchg
Battery charge request flag
INT32
number
Inverter master
UINT8
number
Propane permissive
UINT8
number
Child status with respect to the C1000 series

controller
INT16
number
Maximum number of cycles between consecutive

MultiPac communications
INT16
number
Flag to clear the autorestart counter
INT16
number
Mode of CHP operation (Bypass=0, Electrical=1,

Thermal=2)
UINT8
number
Brownout voltage
UINT8
number
chpset_val
CHP Temperature Setpoint
INT16
degrees
Fahrenheit
chpset_src
CHP Temperature Setpoint Source
UINT8
number
inv_master
prop_prmssv
locked
tx_comm_to
reset_cntr
chpmod
vac_brownout
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page B-2
APPENDIX B
Table B-3. Turbine Operating Parameters Status (SLAVE_OPER_PARAM)

Identifier
Description
Type
Units
Scale
TURBNO
Structure ID (corresponds to Turbine Number)
INT16
number
time_stamp

INT32
number
mpenab
MultiPac status
INT32
number
pwrdmd
Power Demand
INT32
Watt
strcmd
Start Command
INT32
number
rchena
INT32
number
cd_utlcon
User Defined utility connection
INT32
number
sys_utlcon
System utility connection

0 = Invalid
1 = Stand Alone
2 = Gird Connect
3 = Dual Mode
INT32
number
Contactor Status
INT16
number
Flag indicating new Frame Structure
INT16
number
batena
Battery enable flag
INT32
number
batchg
Battery charge flag
INT32
number
Grid Connect wait completion flag
INT16
number
System status (refer to Table A-3 for details)
INT32
number
Ok to load flag
INT16
number
Turbine number
INT16
number
Maximum power demand of the turbine
INT32
OK to run flag
INT16
number
Auto restart counter
INT16
number
Max number of cycles available between consecutive

transmission packets
INT32
number
engspd
Engine speed
INT32
rpm
invpwr
Inverter power
INT32
Watt
genpwr
Generator power
INT32
Watt
va
Voltage Phase A
UINT16
volt
0.0625
vb
Voltage Phase B
UINT16
volt
0.0625
contr_status
cd_init_ok
gc_wait_done
syscon
ok_to_load
turbno
max_pwrdmd
ok_to_run
autorestart_cnt
rx_comm_to
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
(1)
Page B-3
APPENDIX B
Table B-3. Turbine Operating Parameters Status (SLAVE_OPER_PARAM) (Continued)

Identifier
Description
Type
Units
Scale
vc
Voltage Phase C
UINT16
volt
0.0625
vn
Voltage Neutral
UINT16
volt
0.0625
ia
Current Phase A
INT16
amp
0.0625
ib
Current Phase B
INT16
amp
0.0625
ic
Current Phase C
INT16
amp
0.0625
in
Current Neutral
INT16
amp
0.0625
Total current
INT32
amp
0.0625
Actual power capacity of the turbine under current

conditions
INT32
Watt
Turbine number of the inverter master
UINT8
number
Transient load power
INT32
number
total_curr
pwr_capacity
inv_master
pwr_transient
Table B-3 Notes:
(1)
For C200 and C1000, the scale is 1.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page B-4
APPENDIX B
Table B-4. Turbine Data (SLAVE_DAQ)

Identifier
Type
Units
Scale
Structure ID (corresponds to
turbine number)
INT16
number
Frequency
INT32
hertz
0.0625
DAQ_UNIT_TET
Engine exhaust temperature
INT32
degrees
Fahrenheit
0.125
DAQ_UNIT_RPM
Engine speed
INT32
rpm
DAQ_UNIT_FULPRS
Fuel pressure
INT32
psi
DAQ_UNIT_FULPCNT
Fuel command
INT32
percent
(%)
0.1
DAQ_UNIT_BATV
Battery voltage (Battery #1 if

C200/C1000)
INT32
volt
0.0488
DAQ_UNIT_BATI
Battery current (Battery #1 if

C200/C1000)
INT32
amp
0.0488
DAQ_UNIT_BATSOC
Battery SOC (Battery #1 if

C200/C1000)
INT32
percent
(%)
0.1
DAQ_UNIT_LEQDATE
Date of last equalization charge

Word 1 High Byte - Month
Word 1 Low Byte - Day
Word 2 - Year
UINT32
time
Time
format
DAQ_UNIT_BATSTATE
Battery state (Battery #1 if

C200/C1000) (refer to Table A-2
for details)
INT32
number
DAQ_UNIT_BATTMP
Battery temperature (Battery #1

if C200/C1000)
INT32
degrees
Celsius
DAQ_UNIT_BATKW
Battery power (Battery #1 if

C200/C1000)
INT32
kW
1.2207
DAQ_UNIT_INTMP
Ambient temperature
INT32
degrees
Fahrenheit
0.125
DAQ_UNIT_PAMB
Ambient pressure
INT32
kPa
0.01
DAQ_UNIT_PSVOLT
Voltage of power supply
INT32
volt
0.0625
DAQ_UNIT_INVTMP
Inverter heatsink temperature
INT32
degrees
Celsius
DAQ_UNIT_GENTMP
Generator heatsink temperature
INT32
degrees
Celsius
DAQ_UNIT_WARRHR
Operating hours
Word 1 Hours
Word 2 - Minutes
INT32
time
Time
format
DAQ_UNIT_WARRST
Number of starts
INT32
number
TURBNO
DAQ_UNIT_FREQ
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Data Description
(1)
Page B-5
APPENDIX B
Table B-4. Turbine Data (SLAVE_DAQ) (Continued)

Identifier
Description
Type
Units
Scale
DAQ_UNIT_FLTSSL_BASE
Severity level of highest base level

fault
INT32
number
DAQ_UNIT_FLTCODE_BASE
Fault code of highest base level

fault
INT32
number
DAQ_UNIT_BATV2
Battery #2 voltage (C200/C1000

only)
INT32
volt
0.0488
DAQ_UNIT_BATI2
Battery #2 current (C200/C1000

only)
INT32
amp
0.0488
DAQ_UNIT_BATSOC2
Battery #2 SOC (C200/C1000 only)
INT32
percent
(%)
0.1
DAQ_UNIT_BATSTATE2
Battery #2 state (C200/C1000 only)

(refer to Table A-2 for details)
INT32
number
DAQ_UNIT_BATTMP2
Battery #2 temperature
(C200/C1000 only)
INT32
degrees
Celsius
DAQ_UNIT_BATKW2
Battery #2 power (C200/C1000

only)
INT32
kW
1.2207
DAQ_UNIT_PF_FDBK
INT32
number
DAQ_UNIT_PWR_VAR
VAR power
INT32
VAR
VA power
INT32
VA
DAQ_UNIT_AIRCMP_HRS
Air Compressor Runtime Hours
INT32
hours
DAQ_UNIT_AA_OIL_DUR
Number of hours (duration) since

last oil change on air compressor
INT32
hours
Status of priming
INT32
number
DAQ_UNIT_PWR_VA
DAQ_UNIT_PRIME_STATUS
Table B-4 Notes:

(1) For C200 and C1000, the scale is 1.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page B-6
APPENDIX B
Table B-5. PLC I/O Parameters (IO_ANA)

Identifier
KEY_ID
Description
Structure ID
Type
Units
Scale
INT16
number
I_GC_EN
Grid Connect interconnect flag
UINT16
number
I_SA_EN
Stand Alone interconnect flag
UINT16
number
I_BATSTRT
Battery start command
UINT16
number
I_STR_DMC
Dual-Mode controller start command
UINT16
number
Power meter input (scale is determined

based on transducer type)
UINT16
number
I_MINCAP
Minimum capacity input (scale is determined

UINT16
number
I_SPN_RSV
Spinning reserve input (scale is determined

UINT16
number
UINT16
degrees
Fahrenheit
I_RTDHIRES (2)
Temperature sensor input (hi-res)
UINT16
degrees
Fahrenheit
0.1
I_GAS_DETECT
Gas detection: high=detected,

low=not detected (C1000 series only)
UINT16
number
Shut down controller processing (C1000

series only)
UINT16
number
INT16
number
Battery wakeup output signal
UINT16
number
Stand Alone load output signal
UINT16
number
O_PLC_RESET
PLC reset output
UINT16
number
O-BROWNOUT
Brownout fault
UINT16
number
O_MPWROUT2 (1)
MultiPac power output (high word)
UNIT16
number
O_MPWROUT (1)
MultiPac power output (low word) (the

above two words make up the MultiPac
power output in Watts)
UNIT16
number
O_MPWRCAP2 (1)
MultiPac power capacity (high word)
UNIT16
number
O_MPWRCAP (1)
MultiPac power capacity (low word) (the

above two words make up the MultiPac
power capacity in Watts)
UNIT16
number
I_PWRMTR (2)
I_RTD (2)
I_SHUTDOWN
I_PFACTR
O_BATWAKE
O_SALOAD
Power Factor Demand (+/-80-100 neg=lag

pos=lead)
O_EXT_MBM_COMM
External Modbus Master (1=COMM Exists

0=No COMM)
INT16
number
O_MBS_HEARTBEAT
Internal Modbus Slave heartbeat

(incrementing counter)
INT16
number
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page B-7
APPENDIX B
Table B-5. PLC I/O Parameters (IO_ANA) (Continued)

Identifier
Description
Type
Units
Scale
O_HTC_TEMP_LOW
HTC low temperature setpoint
INT16
degrees
Celsius
0.1
O_HTC_TEMP_HIGH
HTC high temperature setpoint
INT16
degrees
Celsius
0.1
Power Factor Fault (1=Fault 0=Ok)
INT16
number
O_PFACTR_FAULT
Table B-5 Notes:

(1) Custom programming is required for this parameter.
Table B-6. Slave Modbus Write Parameters (IO_SLAVE)

Identifier
KEY_ID
Description
Structure ID
Type
Units
Scale
INT16
number
I_EXT_STRT
External start input
UINT16
number
I_SPIN_RSRV
Spinning reserve input
UINT16
number
UINT16
number
UINT16
number
INT16
number
I_PLC_RESET
I_EXT_DMD
I_EXT_PF
PLC reset input
(1)
External power demand input

External power factor input
Table B-6 Notes:

(1) Used with the C1000 series controller only.
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page B-8
APPENDIX B
Table B-7. Group Commands (GpCommand)

Identifier
Description
Type
Units
Scale
GROUP_ID
Structure ID
INT16
number
time_stamp

INT32
millisecond
strcmd
Start command
INT16
number
pwrdmd
Power demand
INT32
Watt
contr_cmd
Contactor command
INT16
number
rchena
INT16
number
batchg
Battery charge flag
INT16
number
sys_utlcon
System utility connection

0 = Invalid
1 = Stand Alone
2 = Gird Connect
3 = Dual Mode
INT16
number
gc_enable
Grid Connect enable flag
INT16
number
inv_master
Turbine number for the inverter master
INT16
number
transitionState
Transition state of turbine power connection
INT16
number
vac_brownout
Brownout voltage
INT16
number
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page B-9
APPENDIX B
Table B-8. Group Operating Parameters Status (GpOperParam)

Identifier
Description
Type
Units
Scale
GROUP_ID
Structure ID
INT16
number
time_stamp
Packet transmission time (value increments

if communication is OK)
INT32
millisecond
Output power
INT32
Watt
Power imported
INT32
Watt
max_pwrdmd
Maximum power demand
INT32
Watt
pwr_capacity
Power capacity
INT32
Watt
contr_timeout
Timer to keep track of ON time (minimum

power timeout)
INT16
number
GCInterlock
Grid Connect interlock flag
INT16
number
SAInterlock
Stand Alone interlock flag
INT16
number
inv_master
Turbine number of inverter master
INT16
number
Start command
INT32
number
INT32
number
ok_to_run
OK to run flag
INT16
number
ok_to_load
OK to load flag
INT16
number
pwr_va
VA feedback
INT32
VA
pwr_var
VAR feedback
INT32
VAR
syscon
System status (refer to Table A-3 for

details)
INT32
number
ia
Current Phase A
INT16
amp
0.0625
ib
Current Phase B
INT16
amp
0.0625
ic
Current Phase C
INT16
amp
0.0625
in
Current Neutral
INT16
amp
0.0625
Total current
INT32
amp
0.0625
Highest locked turbine number
INT16
number
operating_hrs
Operating hours
Word 1 Hours
Word 2 - Minutes
INT32
time
time
format
gc_wait_done
Grid Connect wait completion flag
INT16
number
pwr_transient
Transient load power
INT32
number
pfactr_fb
INT16
number
pwrout
pwr_import
strcmd
mpenab
total_curr
highest_locked_child
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page B-10
APPENDIX B
Table B-9. Turbine Settings (FRM_MDATA)

Identifier
Type
Units
Scale
User defined Utility connection mode
UINT16
number
Output voltage
UINT16
volt
ac_frequency
Output frequency
UINT16
hertz
auto_enable
Auto load enable flag
UINT16
number
Power demand
UINT16
number
Number of emergency stops
UINT32
number
Autorestart flag
UINT16
number
under_volt_value
Under voltage value
UINT16
volt
under_volt_time
Time limit for under voltage fault

declaration
UINT16
second
0.01
over_volt_value
Over voltage value
UINT16
volt
over_volt_time
Time limit for over voltage fault

declaration
UINT16
second
0.01
fast_over_volt
Fast over voltage value
UINT16
volt
fast_under_volt
Fast under voltage value
UINT16
volt
under_freq_value
Under frequency value
UINT16
hertz
0.1
under_freq_time
Under frequency fault time
UINT16
second
0.01
over_freq_value
Over frequency value
UINT16
hertz
0.1
over_freq_time
Over frequency fault time
UINT16
second
0.01
display_format
Display format (English or Metric)
UINT16
number
start_voltage
Stand Alone start voltage
UINT16
number
start_voltage_ramp
Stand Alone voltage ramp
UINT16
volt/second
start_freq
Stand Alone start frequency
UINT16
hertz
start_freq_ramp
Stand Alone frequency ramp
UINT16
hertz/second
sa_over_volt
Stand Alone over voltage
UINT16
volt
sa_under_volt
Stand Alone under voltage
UINT16
volt
sa_over_volt_time
Stand Alone undervoltage fault time limit
UINT16
second
0.01
sa_under_volt_time
Stand Alone overvoltage fault time limit
UINT16
second
0.01
Stand Alone under frequency
UINT16
hertz
Stand Alone under frequency time limit
UINT16
second
0.01
Stand Alone over frequency
UINT16
hertz
Stand Alone over frequency time limit
UINT16
second
0.01
gc_autorestart_delay
Grid Connect auto restart delay
UINT16
minute
0.1
sa_autorestart_delay
Stand Alone auto restart delay
UINT16
minute
0.1
UINT16
number
utility_connect_mode
ac_voltage
power_demand
estop_count
auto_start
sa_under_freq
sa_under_freq_time
sa_over_freq
sa_over_freq_time
multipac_enable
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Description
Page B-11
APPENDIX B

Identifier
Type
Units
Scale
Turbine number
UINT16
number
UCB function codes
UINT16
(6)
number
flt_input1_ena
Fault input 1 enable flag
UINT16
number
flt_input1_ssl
Fault input 1 severity level
UINT16
number
flt_input1_deb
Fault input 1 debounce
UINT16
second
0.1
flt_input2_ena
UINT16
number
flt_input2_ssl
UINT16
number
flt_input2_deb
UINT16
second
0.1
flt_input3_ena
UINT16
number
flt_input3_ssl
UINT16
number
flt_input3_deb
UINT16
second
0.1
flt_input4_ena
UINT16
number
flt_input4_ssl
UINT16
number
flt_input4_deb
UINT16
second
0.1
minpwr
Minimum power for Stand Alone load
UINT32
Watt
mpwrto
Time for minimum power check
UINT16
second
fast_under_volt_time
Fast under voltage time limit
UINT16
second
0.01
fast_over_volt_time
Fast over voltage time limit
UINT16
second
0.01
eng_strt_purge_time
Time for fuel purge before starting

engine
UINT16
second
0.02
Daylight savings time flag
UINT16
number
days_per_eqcharge
Interval between equalization charge
UINT16
day
auto_idle_recharge
Flag for automatic recharge in Idle state
UINT16
number
Minimum state of charge allowed for

load condition
UINT16
number
Maximum heatsink temperature
UINT16
degrees
Celsius
chpmod
CHP mode of operation
UINT16
number
Analog_input1_fnc
Analog Input 1 Function
UINT16
number
Analog_input1_mode
Sense mode for Input 1
UINT16
number
Analog_input2_fnc
UINT16
number
Analog_input2_mode
UINT16
number
Analog_input3_fnc
UINT16
number
Analog_input3_mode
UINT16
number
Analog_input4_fnc
UINT16
number
multipac_turbno
eucb_fncs
rtc_daylight_savings_time
soc_overload_batt_low
heatsink_temp_max
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Description
Page B-12
APPENDIX B

Identifier
Description
Type
Units
Scale
Analog_input4_mode
UINT16
number
Analog_input5_fnc
UINT16
number
Analog_input5_mode
UINT16
number
Analog_input6_fnc
UINT16
number
Analog_input6_mode
UINT16
number
Analog_input7_fnc
UINT16
number
Analog_input7_mode
UINT16
number
Analog_input8_fnc
UINT16
number
Analog_input8_mode
UINT16
number
CHP module installed flag
UINT16
number
Code to determine temperature sensor

for CHP mode
UINT16
number
mp_chpset_src
CHP temperature setpoint source
UINT16
number
mp_chpfbk_src
CHP temperature feedback source
UINT16
number
chp_act_overtemp
CHP over temperature value for active

state
UINT16
degrees
Fahrenheit
chp_nhr_overtemp
CHP over temperature value for noheat-recovery state
UINT16
degrees
Fahrenheit
Grid enable mode upon grid detection
UINT16
number
grid_reconn_delay
Minimum delay before connecting to the

grid during fast transfer
UINT16
minute
0.1
FuelValveSetting
Fuel valve setting for different fuel types
UINT16
number
0.01
SysType_Word1
System identifier (high)
UINT16
number
SysType_Word2
System Identifier (low)
UINT16
number
CHP max over temperature default

value
UINT16
degrees
Fahrenheit
chp_overtemp_max_lo
CHP max over temperature lower limit
UINT16
degrees
Fahrenheit
chp_overtemp_max_hi
CHP max over temperature upper limit
UINT16
degrees
Fahrenheit
chp_overtemp_lo
CHP over temperature fault lower limit
UINT16
degrees
Fahrenheit
chp_overtemp_hi
CHP over temperature fault upper limit
UINT16
degrees
Fahrenheit
chp_set_lo
CHP setpoint lower limit
UINT16
degrees
Fahrenheit
chp_set_hi
CHP setpoint upper limit
UINT16
degrees
Fahrenheit
chptru
chp_pv_rtd
gc_ena_mode
chp_overtemp_max
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page B-13
APPENDIX B

Identifier
Description
Type
Units
Scale
fast_trans_delay
Minimum delay for fast transfer transition
UINT16
minute
0.1
Minimum wait time in stand Alone load

state after the grid is back
UINT16
minute
0.1
sa_load_wait
Table B-10. APS Settings (CASP)

Identifier
Type
Units
Scale
Structure ID
INT16
number
Manual Profile Group ID
INT16
number
MaxTurbineNumber
Maximum Turbine Number
INT16
number
MultipacFrequency
Optimal microturbine communication

period
UINT32
millisecond
PingFrequency
Optimal pinging period while seeking

unlocked microturbines
UINT32
millisecond
DaqFrequency
Optimal Daq information retrieval period
UINT32
millisecond
Control program shutdown flag
UINT8
number
Start process shutdown flag
UINT8
number
KEY_ID
ManualProfileGroupId
ControlShutdownFlag
StartProcessShutdownFlag
Description
MbMasterShutdownFlag
Modbus master shutdown flag
INT8
number
MbSlaveShutdownFlag
Modbus slave shutdown flag
INT8
number
CRMSintShutdownFlag
CRMS interface program shutdown flag
INT8
number
Parser manager shutdown flag
INT8
number
Last known process status
UINT32
number
Control Watchdog timer value
UINT32
millisecond
MbMasterWatchdogTime
Modbus master Watchdog timer value
UINT32
millisecond
MbSlaveWatchdogTime
Modbus slave Watchdog timer value
UINT32
millisecond
ParserWatchdogTime
Parser manager Watchdog timer value
UINT32
millisecond
CRMSintWatchdogTime
CRMS interface Watchdog timer value
UINT32
millisecond
ParserShutdownFlag
ProcessStatus
ControlWatchdogTime
410072 Rev C (March 2015)
Page B-14

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CAPSTONE TURBINE

CAPSTONE C1000 SERIES

410072 Rev C (March 2015)

CAPSTONE TURBINE CORPORATION

Capstone Turbine Corporation

410072 Rev C (March 2015)

CAPSTONE TURBINE CORPORATION

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................. 1-1

CAPSTONE TURBINE CORPORATION

Fuel Controller ................................................................................................................. 3-8

CAPSTONE TURBINE CORPORATION

Soft Start Functionality ..................................................................................................... 4-4

CAPSTONE TURBINE CORPORATION

Consider Tolerances ...................................................................................................... 7-13

CAPSTONE TURBINE CORPORATION

Overcurrent Protection and Disconnecting Devices ....................................................... 11-2

410072 Rev C (March 2015)

CAPSTONE TURBINE CORPORATION

Figure 2-1. C1000 Series Power Modules .............................................................................. 2-2

CAPSTONE TURBINE CORPORATION

Table 2-2. Exhaust Output Ratings ........................................................................................ 2-8

410072 Rev C (March 2015)

Architects, Engineers, and other Equipment Specifiers

Fuel Requirements Technical Reference (410002) The fuel requirements document

410072 Rev C (March 2015)

Capstone Turbine Owners and Operators

410072 Rev C (March 2015)

Capstone Installers and Service Personnel

Fuel Requirements Technical Reference (410002) The fuel requirements document

C1000 Troubleshooting Guide (430073) This document provides detailed descriptions of

Standard Maintenance Schedule (440000) This document presents information sufficient

410072 Rev C (March 2015)

CHAPTER 2: PRODUCT OVERVIEW

410072 Rev C (March 2015)

Figure 2-1. C1000 Series Power Modules

410072 Rev C (March 2015)

Figure 2-2. Typical Capstone C200 Turbogenerator Construction

410072 Rev C (March 2015)

The main features of the Capstone 200 kW power modules are:

Stand Alone AC output (optional).

410072 Rev C (March 2015)

Dual Mode Option

C1000 Turbine Applications

410072 Rev C (March 2015)

410072 Rev C (March 2015)

Grid Connect Output

Stand Alone Output

410072 Rev C (March 2015)

Table 2-1. Exhaust Output Ratings

Certifications, Permits, and Codes

410072 Rev C (March 2015)

CHAPTER 3: SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

Major C1000 Functional Elements

410072 Rev C (March 2015)

Figure 3-1. Major C1000 Functional Elements

Figure 3-2. Major Power Module Functional Elements

Microturbine Engine (or Turbogenerator)

Control System Components

410072 Rev C (March 2015)