Bautista vs. Bernabe

Republic of the Philippines
SUPREME COURT
Manila
FIRST DIVISION
A.C. No. 6963 February 9, 2006
VICTORINA BAUTISTA, Complainant,

vs.
ATTY. SERGIO E. BERNABE, Respondent.
DECISION
YNARES-SANTIAGO, J.:
In a Complaint1 filed before the Commission on Bar Discipline of the Integrated Bar
of the Philippines (IBP) on November 16, 2004, complainant Victorina Bautista2
prays for the suspension or disbarment of respondent Atty. Sergio E. Bernabe for
malpractice and unethical conduct in the performance of his duties as a notary public
and a lawyer.
Complainant alleged that on January 3, 1998, respondent prepared and notarized a

Magkasanib na Salaysay3 purportedly executed by Donato Salonga and complainant’s
mother, Basilia de la Cruz.4 Both affiants declared that a certain parcel of land in
Bigte, Norzagaray, Bulacan, was being occupied by Rodolfo Lucas and his family for
more than 30 years. Complainant claimed that her mother could not have executed the
joint affidavit on January 3, 1998 because she has been dead since January 28, 1961.5
In his Answer,6 respondent denied that he falsified the Magkasanib na Salaysay. He

disclaimed any knowledge about Basilia’s death. He alleged that before he notarized
the document, he requested for Basilia’s presence and in her absence, he allowed a
certain Pronebo, allegedly a son-in-law of Basilia, to sign above the name of the latter
as shown by the word "by" on top of the name of Basilia. Respondent maintained that
there was no forgery since the signature appearing on top of Basilia’s name was the
signature of Pronebo.
On April 4, 2005, respondent filed a manifestation7 attaching thereto the affidavit of

desistance8 of complainant which reads in part:
Ako na si, VICTORINA BAUTISTA CAPA, x x x matapos makapanumpa ng

naaayon sa batas ay malaya at kusang loob na nagpapahayag ng mga sumusunod:
1. Na ako ang siyang tumatayong nagrereklamo laban kay Abogado, SERGIO

EXQUIVEL BERNABE, sa isang kaso sa Tanggapan ng Integrated Bar of the
Philippines na may Blg. CBD CASE NO. 04-1371;
2. Na ang nasabing habla ay hindi ko kagustuhan sapagkat iyon ay

pinapirmahan lamang sa akin ni ELISEO OLOROSO at ng kanyang Abogado
na si Atty. MARCIAL MORFE MAGSINO at sa katunayan hindi ako
nakaharap sa Notaryo Publiko na si Abogado CARLITOS C. VILLARIN;
3. Na ang pagpapapirma sa akin ay isang panlilinlang at ako ay ginawang

kasangkapan para sirain ang magandang pangalan nitong si Abogado SERGIO
ESQUIVEL BERNABE;
4. Na dahil sa ganitong pangyayari, aking hinihiling sa Tanggapan ng

Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) na ang reklamo ko laban sa nasabing
Abogado SERGIO ESQUIVEL BERNABE ay mapawa[la]ng bisa.
In the report dated August 29, 2005, the Investigating Commissioner9 recommended
that:
1. Atty. Sergio Esquibel Bernabe be suspended from the practice of the legal
profession for one (1) month;
2. Any existing commission of Atty. Sergio Esquibel Bernabe as notary

public, be revoked; and
3. Atty. Sergio Esquibel Bernabe be barred from being granted a notarial

commission for a period of one (1) year.10
In a resolution dated October 22, 2005, the Board of Governors of the IBP adopted
and approved the recommendation of the Investigating Commissioner with
modification that respondent be suspended from the practice of law for one year and
his notarial commission be revoked and that he be disqualified for reappointment as
notary public for two years.
We agree with the findings and recommendation of the IBP.
The records sufficiently established that Basilia was already dead when the joint
affidavit was prepared on January 3, 1998. Respondent’s alleged lack of knowledge of
Basilia’s death does not excuse him. It was his duty to require the personal
appearance of the affiant before affixing his notarial seal and signature on the
instrument.
A notary public should not notarize a document unless the persons who signed the
same are the very same persons who executed and personally appeared before him to
attest to the contents and truth of what are stated therein. The presence of the parties
to the deed will enable the notary public to verify the genuineness of the signature of
the affiant.11
Respondent’s act of notarizing the Magkasanib na Salaysay in the absence of one of

the affiants is in violation of Rule 1.01,12 Canon 1 of the Code of Professional
Responsibility and the Notarial Law.13 By affixing his signature and notarial seal on
the instrument, he led us to believe that Basilia personally appeared before him and
attested to the truth and veracity of the contents of the affidavit when in fact it was a
certain Pronebo who signed the document. Respondent’s conduct is fraught with
dangerous possibilities considering the conclusiveness on the due execution of a
document that our courts and the public accord on notarized documents. Respondent
has clearly failed to exercise utmost diligence in the performance of his function as a
notary public and to comply with the mandates of the law.14
Respondent was also remiss in his duty when he allowed Pronebo to sign in behalf of
Basilia. A member of the bar who performs an act as a notary public should not
notarize a document unless the persons who signed the same are the very same
persons who executed and personally appeared before him. The acts of the affiants
cannot be delegated to anyone for what are stated therein are facts of which they have
personal knowledge. They should swear to the document personally and not through
any representative. Otherwise, their representative’s name should appear in the said
documents as the one who executed the same. That is the only time the representative
can affix his signature and personally appear before the notary public for notarization
of the said document. Simply put, the party or parties who executed the instrument
must be the ones to personally appear before the notary public to acknowledge the
document.15
Complainant’s desistance or withdrawal of the complaint does not exonerate

respondent or put an end to the administrative proceedings. A case of suspension or
disbarment may proceed regardless of interest or lack of interest of the complainant.
What matters is whether, on the basis of the facts borne out by the record, the charge
of deceit and grossly immoral conduct has been proven. This rule is premised on the
nature of disciplinary proceedings. A proceeding for suspension or disbarment is not a
civil action where the complainant is a plaintiff and the respondent lawyer is a
defendant. Disciplinary proceedings involve no private interest and afford no redress
for private grievance. They are undertaken and prosecuted solely for the public
welfare. They are undertaken for the purpose of preserving courts of justice from the
official ministration of persons unfit to practice in them. The attorney is called to
answer to the court for his conduct as an officer of the court. The complainant or the
person who called the attention of the court to the attorney’s alleged misconduct is in
no sense a party, and has generally no interest in the outcome except as all good
citizens may have in the proper administration of justice.16
We find the penalty recommended by the IBP to be in full accord with recent
jurisprudence. In Gonzales v. Ramos,17 respondent lawyer was found guilty of
notarizing the document despite the non-appearance of one of the signatories. As a
result, his notarial commission was revoked and he was disqualified from
reappointment for a period of two years. In addition, he was suspended from the
practice of law for one year.
Finally, it has not escaped our notice that in paragraph 218 of complainant’s affidavit
of desistance, she alluded that Atty. Carlitos C. Villarin notarized her Sinumpaang
Salaysay19 dated November 12, 2004 which was attached to the complaint filed with
the Commission on Bar Discipline of the IBP, without requiring her to personally
appear before him in violation of the Notarial Law. This allegation must likewise be
investigated.
WHEREFORE, for breach of the Notarial Law and Code of Professional

Responsibility, the notarial commission of respondent Atty. Sergio E. Bernabe, is
REVOKED. He is DISQUALIFIED from reappointment as Notary Public for a
period of two years. He is also SUSPENDED from the practice of law for a period of
one year, effective immediately. He is further WARNED that a repetition of the same
or of similar acts shall be dealt with more severely. He is DIRECTED to report the
date of receipt of this Decision in order to determine when his suspension shall take
effect.
The Commission on Bar Discipline of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines is

DIRECTED to investigate the allegation that Atty. Carlitos C. Villarin notarized the
Sinumpaang Salaysay of Victorina Bautista dated November 12, 2004 without
requiring the latter’s personal appearance.lavvph!1.net
Let copies of this Decision be furnished the Office of the Bar Confidant, the
Integrated Bar of the Philippines, and all courts all over the country. Let a copy of this
Decision likewise be attached to the personal records of the respondent.
SO ORDERED.
CONSUELO YNARES-SANTIAGO
Associate Justice
WE CONCUR:
ARTEMIO V. PANGANIBAN
Chief Justice
Chairperson
MA. ALICIA AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ

Associate Justice Asscociate Justice
MINITA V. CHICO-NAZARIO
Associate Justice

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Republic of the Philippines

A.C. No. 6963 February 9, 2006

VICTORINA BAUTISTA, Complainant,

Complainant alleged that on January 3, 1998, respondent prepared and notarized a

In his Answer,6 respondent denied that he falsified the Magkasanib na Salaysay. He

On April 4, 2005, respondent filed a manifestation7 attaching thereto the affidavit of

Ako na si, VICTORINA BAUTISTA CAPA, x x x matapos makapanumpa ng

1. Na ako ang siyang tumatayong nagrereklamo laban kay Abogado, SERGIO

2. Na ang nasabing habla ay hindi ko kagustuhan sapagkat iyon ay

3. Na ang pagpapapirma sa akin ay isang panlilinlang at ako ay ginawang

4. Na dahil sa ganitong pangyayari, aking hinihiling sa Tanggapan ng

2. Any existing commission of Atty. Sergio Esquibel Bernabe as notary

3. Atty. Sergio Esquibel Bernabe be barred from being granted a notarial

We agree with the findings and recommendation of the IBP.

Respondent’s act of notarizing the Magkasanib na Salaysay in the absence of one of

Complainant’s desistance or withdrawal of the complaint does not exonerate

WHEREFORE, for breach of the Notarial Law and Code of Professional

The Commission on Bar Discipline of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines is

MA. ALICIA AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ

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