Clase 2 Estatica PARTE1

Resultante de 2 fuerzas
PRIMERA PARTE DE LA CLASE

Sistema de Fuerzas concurrentes
Composicion y descomposicion
de Fuerzas
Resultantes de fuerzas
concurrentes
Descomposicion de fuerzas
Magnitud, direccion y sentido
La diagonal del paralelogramo es la

resultante del sistema de 2 fuerzas
EQUILIBRIO DE LA PARTICULA
SEGUNDA PARTE DE LA CLASE

Momentos
Fuerzas y Pares
Reduccion de sistema de Fuerzas
y Pares
La fuerza es un vector
2-1
2-2
Vectors
Suma de Vectores Fuerza
Vector: Ejemplos: desplazamientos , velocidades,

aceleraciones
Trapezoid rule for vector addition

Triangle rule for vector addition
Escalar: Solo poseen magnitud pero no direccion.

Ejemplos: Masa, temperaura, volumen
Law of cosines
C
Clasificacion de vectores:
- Vectores fijos. Punto de aplicacion fijo.
- Vectores libres. Se mueven en el espacio sin afectar el
analisis.
- Vectores deslizantes, se aplican a lo largo de la linea
de accion.
B
C
(vectores consecutivamente),
R 2 = P 2 + Q 2 2 PQ cos B
r r r
R = P+Q
Law of sines,
sin A sin B sin C
=
=
Q
R
A
Vector addition is commutative,
r r r r
P +Q = Q+ P
Vectores iguales. Igual magnitud y direccion.
Vector subtraction
Vector negativo. Misma magnitud pero direccion

opuesta
2-3
2-4
Resultante de Fuerzas Concurrentes
Suma de Vectores Fuerza
Concurrent forces: set of forces which all

pass through the same point.
Addition of three or more vectors through

repeated application of the triangle rule
A set of concurrent forces applied to a

particle may be replaced by a single
resultant force which is the vector sum of the
applied forces.
The polygon rule for the addition of three or

more vectors.
Vector addition is associative,
r r r
r r r r r r
P + Q + S = (P + Q ) + S = P + (Q + S )
Vector force components: two or more

force vectors which, together, have the same
effect as a single force vector.
Multiplication of a vector by a scalar
2-5
Sample Problem 2.1
Sample Problem 2.1
SOLUTION:
The two forces act on a bolt at A.

Determine their resultant.
2-6
Graphical solution - construct a

parallelogram with sides in the same
direction as P and Q and lengths in
proportion. Graphically evaluate the
resultant which is equivalent in
direction and proportional in
magnitude to the the diagonal.
Trigonometric solution - use the triangle
rule for vector addition in conjunction
with the law of cosines and law of sines
to find the resultant.
2-7
Graphical solution - A parallelogram with

sides equal to P and Q is drawn to scale. The
magnitude and direction of the resultant or of
the diagonal to the parallelogram are measured,
R = 98 N = 35
Graphical solution - A triangle is drawn with
P and Q head-to-tail and to scale. The
magnitude and direction of the resultant or of
the third side of the triangle are measured,
R = 98 N = 35
2-8
Sample Problem 2.1
Sample Problem 2.2
Trigonometric solution - Apply the triangle rule.

From the Law of Cosines,
R 2 = P 2 + Q 2 2 PQ cos B
= (40 N )2 + (60N )2 2(40N )(60 N ) cos155
R = 97.73N
Si la resultante del sistema de

fuerzas mostrado es 5000 lbf en
la direccion longitudinal de la
plataforma flotante CALCULAR
From the Law of Sines,

sin A sin B
=
Q
R
sin A = sin B
Q
R
= sin 155
60 N
97.73N
a) the tension in each of the ropes

for = 45o,
A = 15.04
= 20 + A
= 35.04
b) the value of for which the

tension in rope 2 is a minimum.
2-9
2 - 10
Sample Problem 2.2
Sample Problem 2.2
The angle for minimum tension in rope 2 is

determined by applying the Triangle Rule
and observing the effect of variations in .
Graphical solution - Parallelogram Rule
with known resultant direction and
magnitude, known directions for sides.
T1 = 3700 lbf
T2 = 2600 lbf
Trigonometric solution - Triangle

Rule with Law of Sines
T1
T2
5000 lbf
=
=
sin 45 sin 30 sin 105
T1 = 3660 lbf
The minimum tension in rope 2 occurs when

T1 and T2 are perpendicular.
T2 = (5000 lbf ) sin 30
T2 = 2500 lbf
T1 = (5000 lbf ) cos 30
T1 = 4330 lbf
= 90 30
= 60
T2 = 2590 lbf
2 - 11
2 - 12
Componentes rectangulares de una fuerza
Suma de fuerzas mediante la suma de sus componentes
May resolve a force vector into perpendicular

components rso that rthe resulting parallelogram is a
rectangle. Fx and F y are referred to as rectangular
vector components and
r r
r
F = Fx + F y
r
r
Define perpendicular unit vectors i and j which are
parallel to the x and y axes.
Vector components may be expressed as products of
the unit vectors with the scalar magnitudes of the
vector components.
r
r
r
F = Fx i + F y j
r
Fx and Fy are referred to as the scalar components of F
Wish to find the resultant of 3 or more

concurrent forces,
r r r r
R = P +Q + S
Resolve each force into rectangular components
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
R x i + R y j = Px i + Py j + Q x i + Q y j + S x i + S y j
r
r
= ( Px + Q x + S x )i + (Py + Q y + S y ) j
The scalar components of the resultant are
equal to the sum of the corresponding scalar
components of the given forces.
R y = Py + Q y + S y
R x = Px + Q x + S x
= Fx
= Fy
To find the resultant magnitude and direction,
Ry
R = R x2 + R y2
= tan 1
Rx
2 - 13
Sample Problem 2.3
Sample Problem 2.3

SOLUTION:
Resolve each force into rectangular components.
SOLUTION:
Resolve each force into rectangular
components.
Determine the components of the
resultant by adding the corresponding
force components.
Four forces act on bolt A as shown.
Determine the resultant of the
force on the bolt.
2 - 14
Calculate the magnitude and direction

of the resultant.
force mag
r
F1 150
r
F2
80
r
F3 110
r
F4 100
x comp
+ 129.9
y comp
+ 75.0
27.4
0
+ 75.2
110.0
+ 96.6
25.9
R x = +199.1 R y = +14.3
Determine the components of the resultant by
adding the corresponding force components.
Calculate the magnitude and direction.
R = 199.12 + 14.32
14.3 N
tan =
199.1 N
2 - 15
R = 199.6 N
= 4.1
2 - 16
Equilibrio de la Particula
When the resultant of all forces acting on a particle is zero, the particle
is in equilibrium.
Newtons First Law: If the resultant force on a particle is zero, the particle
will remain at rest or will continue at constant speed in a straight line.
DIAGRAMA DEL CUERPO LIBRE

DE LA PARTICULA
Conclusion:
Sistema de fuerzas de cables que se

intersectan en un punto
Particle acted upon by
two forces:
- equal magnitude
- same line of action
- opposite sense
Particle acted upon by three or more forces:

- graphical solution yields a closed polygon
- algebraic solution
r
r
R = F = 0
Fx = 0
Todo sistema de Fuerzas concurrentes en

un punto
Fy = 0
2 - 17
Sample Problem
Diagrama de Cuerpo Libre, D.C.L.
2.4
SOLUTION:
PASO 1. Construir el DCL para la
paricula en la union del cable y la cuerda
PASO 2.
Aplicar las condiciones de equilibrio
( creando uun poligono cerrado de
fuerzas)
Space Diagram: A sketch
showing the physical conditions
of the problem.
D.C.L: A sketch showing only the

forces on the selected particle.
Un automovil de 3500-lb de peso

esta soportado por el cable AB.
Cual es la tension de la cuerda
AC con la que el carro esta en
equilibrio?
2 - 19
PASO 3. Aplicar trigonometria para

determinar la magnitud de las fuerzas
AB y AC
2 - 20
Sample Problem 2.6
Sample Problem 2.4

SOLUTION:
SOLUTION:
Construct a free-body diagram for the

particle at A.
Paso 1. DCL
Apply the conditions for equilibrium.
Paso 2. Ecuaciones de equilibrio

(sumatoria de fuerzas igual a cero)
Solve for the unknown force magnitudes.

La tension en el cable AB es 40 lb. La
tension en el cable AE es 60 lb.
T
T AB
3500 lb
= AC =
sin 120 sin 2 sin 58
T AB = 3570 lb
Calcular la fuerza del flujo de agua

sobre el bote, y
T AC = 144 lb
La tension en el cable AC.
Paso 3. Resolver ecuaciones, y hallar

las tensiones desconocidas
2 - 21
Sample Problem 2.6
Sample Problem 2.6

SOLUTION:
PASO 1. Diagrama de Cuerpo libre.
7 ft
= 1.75
4 ft
= 60.25
tan =
2 - 22
1.5 ft
= 0.375
4 ft
= 20.56
tan =
PASO 2. Express the condition for

equilibrium for the hull by writing that
the sum of all forces must be zero.
r r
r
r
r
R = T AB + T AC + T AE + FD = 0
Resolve the vector equilibrium equation into

two component equations. Solve for the two
unknown cable tensions.
r
r
r
T AB = (40 lb ) sin 60.26 i + (40 lb ) cos 60.26 j
r
r
= (34.73 lb ) i + (19.84 lb ) j
r
r
r
T AC = T AC sin 20.56 i + T AC cos 20.56 j
r
r
= 0.3512 T AC i + 0.9363T AC j
r
r
T = (60 lb ) i
r
r
FD = FD i
r
R=0
F x= 0
F x= 0
F y= 0
F y= 0
2 - 23
r
= ( 34.73 + 0.3512 T AC + FD ) i
r
+ (19.84 + 0.9363T AC 60) j
2 - 24
Sample Problem
2.6
r
Componentes rectangulares en el espacio
R=0
r
= ( 34.73 + 0.3512T AC + FD ) i
r
+ (19.84 + 0.9363T AC 60) j
This equation is satisfied only if each component
of the resultant is equal to zero
( Fx = 0) 0 = 34.73 + 0.3512T AC + FD
( F y = 0) 0 = 19.84 + 0.9363TAC 60
T AC = +42.9 lb
FD = +19.66 lb
r
The vector F is
contained in the
plane OBAC.
r
Resolve F into
horizontal and vertical
components.
F y = F cos y
Fh = F sin y
Resolve F h into
rectangular components
Fx = Fh cos
= F sin y cos
F y = Fh sin
= F sin y sin
2 - 25
2 - 26

Clase 2 Estatica PARTE1

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Resultante de 2 fuerzas

PRIMERA PARTE DE LA CLASE

Magnitud, direccion y sentido

La diagonal del paralelogramo es la

SEGUNDA PARTE DE LA CLASE

Suma de Vectores Fuerza

Vector: Ejemplos: desplazamientos , velocidades,

Trapezoid rule for vector addition

Escalar: Solo poseen magnitud pero no direccion.

Vectores iguales. Igual magnitud y direccion.

Vector negativo. Misma magnitud pero direccion

Resultante de Fuerzas Concurrentes

Suma de Vectores Fuerza

Concurrent forces: set of forces which all

Addition of three or more vectors through

A set of concurrent forces applied to a

The polygon rule for the addition of three or

Vector force components: two or more

Multiplication of a vector by a scalar

Sample Problem 2.1

Sample Problem 2.1

The two forces act on a bolt at A.

Graphical solution - construct a

Graphical solution - A parallelogram with

Sample Problem 2.1

Sample Problem 2.2

Trigonometric solution - Apply the triangle rule.

Si la resultante del sistema de

From the Law of Sines,

a) the tension in each of the ropes

b) the value of for which the

Sample Problem 2.2

Sample Problem 2.2

The angle for minimum tension in rope 2 is

Trigonometric solution - Triangle

The minimum tension in rope 2 occurs when

T1 = (5000 lbf ) cos 30

Componentes rectangulares de una fuerza

Suma de fuerzas mediante la suma de sus componentes

May resolve a force vector into perpendicular

Wish to find the resultant of 3 or more

Sample Problem 2.3

Sample Problem 2.3

Calculate the magnitude and direction

DIAGRAMA DEL CUERPO LIBRE

Sistema de fuerzas de cables que se

Particle acted upon by three or more forces:

Todo sistema de Fuerzas concurrentes en

Diagrama de Cuerpo Libre, D.C.L.

D.C.L: A sketch showing only the

Un automovil de 3500-lb de peso

PASO 3. Aplicar trigonometria para

Sample Problem 2.6

Sample Problem 2.4

Construct a free-body diagram for the

Apply the conditions for equilibrium.

Paso 2. Ecuaciones de equilibrio

Solve for the unknown force magnitudes.

Calcular la fuerza del flujo de agua