Garry Kasparov

3/29/2015
Garry Kasparov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Garry Kasparov
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Garry Kimovich Kasparov (Russian:

, Russian pronunciation: [ar kimvt k
Garry Kasparov
sparf]; born Garik Kimovich Weinstein,[2] 13 April

1963) is a Russian (formerly Soviet) chess Grandmaster,
former World Chess Champion, writer, and political activist,
considered by many to be the greatest chess player of all
time.[3] From 1986 until his retirement in 2005, Kasparov
was ranked world No. 1 for 225 out of 228 months. His
peak rating of 2851,[4] achieved in 1999, was the highest
recorded until being passed by Magnus Carlsen in 2013.
Kasparov also holds records for consecutive professional
tournament victories (15) and Chess Oscars (11).
Kasparov became the youngest ever undisputed World
Chess Champion in 1985 at age 22 by defeating thenchampion Anatoly Karpov.[5] He held the official FIDE
world title until 1993, when a dispute with FIDE led him to
set up a rival organization, the Professional Chess
Association. In 1997 he became the first world champion to
lose a match to a computer under standard time controls,
when he lost to the IBM supercomputer Deep Blue in a
highly publicized match. He continued to hold the "Classical"
World Chess Championship until his defeat by Vladimir
Kramnik in 2000.
Kasparov announced his retirement from professional chess
on 10 March 2005, so that he could devote his time to
politics and writing. He formed the United Civil Front
movement, and joined as a member of The Other Russia, a
coalition opposing the administration and policies of Vladimir
Putin. In 2008, he announced an intention to run as a
candidate in the 2008 Russian presidential race, but failure to
find a sufficiently large rental space to assemble the number
of supporters that is legally required to endorse such a
candidacy led him to withdraw. Kasparov blamed "official
obstruction" for the lack of available space.[6] Although he is
widely regarded in the West as a symbol of opposition to
Putin,[7] support for him as a candidate was very low.[6] The
political climate in Russia reportedly makes it difficult for
opposition candidates to organize.[8][9] He is currently on the
board of directors for the Human Rights Foundation and
chairs its International Council.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov
Kasparov in 2007
Full name Garry Kimovich Kasparov
Country
Soviet Union
Russia
Croatia[1]
Born
13 April 1963
Baku, Azerbaijan SSR, Soviet Union
Title
Grandmaster (1980)
198593 (undisputed)
World
Champion 19932000 (classical)
FIDE
rating
2812
(http://ratings.fide.com/card.phtml?
event=4100018) (March 2015)
(inactive)
Peak
rating
2851 (July 1999, January 2000)
Peak
ranking
No. 1 (January 1984)
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Contents
1 Early career
2 Toward the top
3 1984 World Championship
4 World Champion
5 Break with and ejection from FIDE
6 Losing the title and aftermath
7 Retirement from chess
7.1 Post-retirement chess
7.1.1 Candidate for FIDE presidency
8 Head-to-head record versus selected grandmasters
9 Politics
9.1 Central committee member of Komsomol
9.2 Co-founder of Democratic Party of Russia and Choice of Russia bloc
9.3 Keeper of the Flame award
9.3.1 Unwitting board member of award organization
9.4 United Civil Front
9.5 The Other Russia
9.5.1 Attacked
9.6 Saint Petersburg Dissenters' March
9.7 Arrest in Moscow and questioning by FSB
9.8 KGB general says Kasparov's life in danger
9.9 2007 presidential bid
9.9.1 Detention at rally
9.9.2 Forced to quit campaign
9.10 "Putin must go"
9.11 Human Rights Foundation
9.12 Arrest and beating at Pussy Riot trial
9.13 Miscellaneous
9.14 Allegation of FSB non-disclosure of Boston marathon bombing suspects
9.15 On the Navalny trial
9.16 On the Syrian civil war
9.17 Croatia connections
9.18 Sochi Olympics
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9.19 Access to website blocked

10 Chess ratings achievements
11 Playing style
12 Olympiads and other major team events
13 Other records
14 Books and other writings
14.1 Early writings
14.2 My Great Predecessors series
14.3 Modern Chess series
14.4 Garry Kasparov on Garry Kasparov series
14.5 Other post-retirement writing
15 Chess against computers
15.1 32 simultaneous computers, 1985
15.2 Deep Thought, 1989
15.3 Deep Blue, 1996
15.4 Deep Blue, 1997
15.5 Deep Junior, 2003
15.6 X3D Fritz, 2003
16 Books
17 See also
18 Notes
19 Further reading
20 External links
Early career
Kasparov was born Garik Kimovich Weinstein (Russian: ) in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR (now
Azerbaijan), Soviet Union. His father, Kim Moiseyevich Weinstein, was Russian Jewish, and his mother, Klara
Gasparian, was Armenian.[10][11][12][13] Kasparov has described himself as a "self-appointed Christian", although
"very indifferent".[14]
Kasparov first began the serious study of chess after he came across a chess problem set up by his parents and
proposed a solution.[15] His father died of leukemia when Garry was seven years old.[16] At the age of twelve,
Garry adopted his mother's Armenian surname, Gasparian, modifying it to a more Russified version, Kasparov.[17]
From age 7, Kasparov attended the Young Pioneer Palace in Baku and, at 10 began training at Mikhail Botvinnik's
chess school under noted coach Vladimir Makogonov. Makogonov helped develop Kasparov's positional skills
and taught him to play the Caro-Kann Defence and the Tartakower System of the Queen's Gambit Declined.[18]
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Kasparov won the Soviet Junior Championship in Tbilisi in 1976, scoring 7 points
of 9, at age 13. He repeated the feat the following year, winning with a score of
8 of 9. He was being trained by Alexander Shakarov during this time.
In 1978, Kasparov participated in the Sokolsky Memorial tournament in Minsk.
He had been invited as an exception but took first place and became a chess
master. Kasparov has repeatedly said that this event was a turning point in his life,
and that it convinced him to choose chess as his career. "I will remember the
Sokolsky Memorial as long as I live", he wrote. He has also said that after the
victory, he thought he had a very good shot at the World Championship.[19]
He first qualified for the Soviet Chess Championship at age 15 in 1978, the
youngest ever player at that level. He won the 64-player Swiss system
tournament at Daugavpils on tiebreak over Igor V. Ivanov to capture the sole
qualifying place.
Kasparov at age 11, Vilnius,

1974
Kasparov rose quickly through the World Chess Federation rankings. Starting
with an oversight by the Russian Chess Federation, he participated in a grandmaster tournament in Banja Luka,
Bosnia and Herzegovina (then part of Yugoslavia), in 1979 while still unrated (he was a replacement for Viktor
Korchnoi who was originally invited but withdrew due to threat of boycott from the Soviets). Kasparov won this
high-class tournament, emerging with a provisional rating of 2595, enough to catapult him to the top group of chess
players (at the time, number 15 in the world)[20]). The next year, 1980, he won the World Junior Chess
Championship in Dortmund, West Germany. Later that year, he made his debut as second reserve for the Soviet
Union at the Chess Olympiad at Valletta, Malta, and became a Grandmaster.
Toward the top

As a teenager, Kasparov tied for first place in the USSR Chess Championship in 198182. His first win in a
superclass-level international tournament was scored at Bugojno, Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1982. He earned a
place in the 1982 Moscow Interzonal tournament, which he won, to qualify for the Candidates Tournament.[21] At
age 19, he was the youngest Candidate since Bobby Fischer, who was 15 when he qualified in 1958. At this stage,
he was already the No. 2-rated player in the world, trailing only World Chess Champion Anatoly Karpov on the
January 1983 list.
Kasparov's first (quarter-final) Candidates match was against Alexander Beliavsky, whom he defeated 63 (four
wins, one loss).[22] Politics threatened Kasparov's semi-final against Viktor Korchnoi, which was scheduled to be
played in Pasadena, California. Korchnoi had defected from the Soviet Union in 1976, and was at that time the
strongest active non-Soviet player. Various political maneuvers prevented Kasparov from playing Korchnoi, and
Kasparov forfeited the match. This was resolved by Korchnoi allowing the match to be replayed in London, along
with the previously scheduled match between Vasily Smyslov and Zoltn Ribli. The Kasparov-Korchnoi match was
put together on short notice by Raymond Keene. Kasparov lost the first game but won the match 74 (four wins,
one loss).
In January 1984, Kasparov became the No. 1 ranked player in the world, with a FIDE rating of 2710. He became
the youngest ever world No. 1, a record that lasted 12 years until being broken by Vladimir Kramnik in January
1996; the record is currently held by Magnus Carlsen, a former pupil of Kasparov.
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Later in 1984, he won the Candidates' final 84 (four wins, no losses) against
the resurgent former world champion Vasily Smyslov, at Vilnius, thus qualifying to
play Anatoly Karpov for the World Championship. That year he joined the
Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), as a member of which he was
elected to the Central Committee of Komsomol in 1987.
1984 World Championship

The World Chess Championship 1984 match between Anatoly Karpov and
Garry Kasparov had many ups and downs, and a very controversial finish.
Karpov started in very good form, and after nine games Kasparov was down 4
0 in a "first to six wins" match. Fellow players predicted he would be
whitewashed 60 within 18 games.[23]
Kasparov becomes World

Junior Champion at
Dortmund in 1980
In an unexpected turn of events, there followed a series of 17 successive draws,

some relatively short, and others drawn in unsettled positions. Kasparov lost
game 27, then fought back with another series of draws until game 32, his firstever win against the World Champion. Another 14 successive draws followed,
through game 46; the previous record length for a world title match had been 34
games, the match of Jos Ral Capablanca vs. Alexander Alekhine in 1927.
Kasparov won games 47 and 48 to bring the scores to 53 in Karpov's favour.

Then the match was ended without result by Florencio Campomanes, the
President of Fdration Internationale des checs (FIDE), and a new match was announced to start a few months
later. The termination was controversial, as both players stated that they preferred the match to continue.
Announcing his decision at a press conference, Campomanes cited the health of the players, which had been
strained by the length of the match.
The match became the first, and so far only, world championship match to be abandoned without result.
Kasparov's relations with Campomanes and FIDE were greatly strained, and the feud between them finally came to
a head in 1993 with Kasparov's complete break-away from FIDE.
World Champion
The second Karpov-Kasparov match in 1985 was organized in Moscow as the best of 24 games where the first
player to win 12 points would claim the World Champion title. The scores from the terminated match would not
carry over. But in the event of a 1212 draw, the title would remain with Karpov. On 9 November 1985,
Kasparov secured the title by a score of 1311, winning the 24th game with Black, using a Sicilian defense. He
was 22 years old at the time, making him the youngest ever World Champion,[24] and breaking the record held by
Mikhail Tal for over 20 years.[25] Kasparov's win as Black in the 16th game has been recognized as one of the alltime masterpieces in chess history.
As part of the arrangements following the aborted 1984 match, Karpov had been granted (in the event of his
defeat) a right to rematch. Another match took place in 1986, hosted jointly in London and Leningrad, with each
city hosting 12 games. At one point in the match, Kasparov opened a three-point lead and looked well on his way
to a decisive match victory. But Karpov fought back by winning three consecutive games to level the score late in
the match. At this point, Kasparov dismissed one of his seconds, grandmaster Evgeny Vladimirov, accusing him of
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selling his opening preparation to the Karpov team (as described in Kasparov's autobiography Unlimited
Challenge, chapter Stab in the Back). Kasparov scored one more win and kept his title by a final score of 12
11.
A fourth match for the world title took place in 1987 in Seville, as Karpov had qualified through the Candidates'
Matches to again become the official challenger. This match was very close, with neither player holding more than a
one-point lead at any time during the contest. Kasparov was down one full point at the time of the final game, and
needed a win to draw the match and retain his title. A long tense game ensued in which Karpov blundered away a
pawn just before the first time control, and Kasparov eventually won a long ending. Kasparov retained his title as
the match was drawn by a score of 1212. (All this meant that Kasparov had played Karpov four times in the
period 198487, a statistic unprecedented in chess. Matches organized by FIDE had taken place every three years
since 1948, and only Botvinnik had a right to a rematch before Karpov.)
A fifth match between Kasparov and Karpov was held in New York and Lyon in
1990, with each city hosting 12 games. Again, the result was a close one with
Kasparov winning by a margin of 1211. In their five world championship
matches, Kasparov had 21 wins, 19 losses, and 104 draws in 144 games.
Break with and ejection from FIDE

With the World Champion title in hand,
Kasparov began opposing FIDE.
Beginning in 1986, he created the
Grandmasters Association (GMA), an
organization to represent professional
chess players and give them more say
in FIDE's activities. Kasparov assumed
a leadership role. GMA's major
Kasparov after winning the
achievement was in organizing a series
FIDE World Championship
of six World Cup tournaments for the
title in 1985
world's top players. A somewhat
uneasy relationship developed with
FIDE, and a sort of truce was brokered by Bessel Kok, a Dutch
businessman.
Kasparov and Viswanathan Anand in

a publicity photo on top of the World
Trade Center in New York
This stand-off lasted until 1993, by which time a new challenger had qualified through the Candidates cycle for
Kasparov's next World Championship defense: Nigel Short, a British grandmaster who had defeated Anatoly
Karpov in a qualifying match, and then Jan Timman in the finals held in early 1993. After a confusing and
compressed bidding process produced lower financial estimates than expected,[26] the world champion and his
challenger decided to play outside FIDE's jurisdiction, under another organization created by Kasparov called the
Professional Chess Association (PCA). This is where a great fracture occurred in the lineage of the FIDE version of
the World Champions tradition.
In an interview in 2007, Kasparov called the break with FIDE the worst mistake of his career, as it hurt the game in
the long run.[27]
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Kasparov and Short were ejected from FIDE, and played their well-sponsored match in London. Kasparov won
convincingly by a score of 127. The match considerably raised the profile of chess in the UK, with an
unprecedented level of coverage on Channel 4. Meanwhile, FIDE organized a World Championship match
between Jan Timman (the defeated Candidates finalist) and former World Champion Karpov (a defeated
Candidates semifinalist), which Karpov won.
FIDE removed Kasparov and Short from the FIDE rating lists. Thus, till this was in effect, there was a parallel
rating list presented by PCA which featured all world top players, regardless of their relation to FIDE.
There were now two World Champions: PCA champion Kasparov, and FIDE champion Karpov. The title
remained split for 13 years.
Kasparov defended his title in a 1995 match against Viswanathan Anand at the World Trade Center in New York
City. Kasparov won the match by four wins to one, with thirteen draws. It was the last World Championship to be
held under the auspices of the PCA, which collapsed when Intel, one of its major backers, withdrew its
sponsorship in retaliation for Kasparov's choice to play a 1996 match against Deep Blue, which augmented the
profile of IBM, one of Intel's chief rivals.[28]
Kasparov tried to organize another World Championship match, under another organization, the World Chess
Association (WCA) with Linares organizer Luis Rentero. Alexei Shirov and Vladimir Kramnik played a candidates
match to decide the challenger, which Shirov won in a surprising upset. But when Rentero admitted that the funds
required and promised had never materialized, the WCA collapsed.
This left Kasparov stranded, and yet another organization stepped inBrainGames.com, headed by Raymond
Keene. No match against Shirov was arranged, and talks with Anand collapsed, so a match was instead arranged
against Kramnik.
During this period, Kasparov was approached by Oakham School in the United Kingdom, at the time the only
school in the country with a full-time chess coach,[29] and developed an interest in the use of chess in education. In
1997, Kasparov supported a scholarship programme at the school.[30] Kasparov also won the Marca Leyenda
trophy that year.
Losing the title and aftermath

The Kasparov-Kramnik match took place in London during the latter half of 2000. Kramnik had been a student of
Kasparov's at the famous Botvinnik/Kasparov chess school in Russia, and had served on Kasparov's team for the
1995 match against Viswanathan Anand.
The better-prepared Kramnik won game 2 against Kasparov's Grnfeld Defence and achieved winning positions in
Games 4 and 6. Kasparov made a critical error in Game 10 with the Nimzo-Indian Defence, which Kramnik
exploited to win in 25 moves. As White, Kasparov could not crack the passive but solid Berlin Defence in the Ruy
Lopez, and Kramnik successfully drew all his games as Black. Kramnik won the match 86. Kasparov became
the first player to lose a world championship match without winning a game since Emanuel Lasker lost to Jos Ral
Capablanca in 1921.
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After losing the title, Kasparov won a series of major tournaments, and
remained the top rated player in the world, ahead of both Kramnik and
the FIDE World Champions. In 2001 he refused an invitation to the
2002 Dortmund Candidates Tournament for the Classical title, claiming
his results had earned him a rematch with Kramnik.[31]
Kasparov and Karpov played a four-game match with rapid time
controls over two days in December 2002 in New York City. Karpov
surprised the experts and emerged victoriously, winning two games and
drawing one.[32]
Kasparov playing against Vladimir

Kramnik in the Botvinnik Memorial
match in Moscow, 2001
Due to Kasparov's continuing strong results, and status as world No. 1 in

much of the public eye, he was included in the so-called "Prague
Agreement", masterminded by Yasser Seirawan and intended to reunite
the two World Championships. Kasparov was to play a match against
the FIDE World Champion Ruslan Ponomariov in September 2003. But this match was called off after
Ponomariov refused to sign his contract for it without reservation. In its place, there were plans for a match against
Rustam Kasimdzhanov, winner of the FIDE World Chess Championship 2004, to be held in January 2005 in the
United Arab Emirates. These also fell through due to lack of funding. Plans to hold the match in Turkey instead
came too late. Kasparov announced in January 2005 that he was tired of waiting for FIDE to organize a match and
so had decided to stop all efforts to regain the World Championship title.
According to chess historian Edward Winter: "Increasing shifts of opinion against Kasparov were detectable from
1985 onwards, but it was not until 1987, and the publication of his autobiography Child of Change, a deeply
untrustworthy shambles, that the real deterioration in his public standing began." In a Chess Notes feature article
titled "Reflections on Garry Kasparov", Edward Winter offers a summary of Kasparov's public perception in the
1980s2000s.[33]
Retirement from chess

After winning the prestigious Linares tournament for the ninth time, Kasparov announced on 10 March 2005 that he
would retire from serious competitive chess. He cited as the reason a lack of personal goals in the chess world (he
commented when winning the Russian championship in 2004 that it had been the last major title he had never won
outright) and expressed frustration at the failure to reunify the world championship.
Kasparov said he may play in some rapid chess events for fun, but intends to spend more time on his books,
including both the My Great Predecessors series (see below) and a work on the links between decision-making in
chess and in other areas of life, and will continue to involve himself in Russian politics, which he views as "headed
down the wrong path".
Kasparov has been married three times: to Masha, with whom he had a daughter before divorcing; to Yulia, with
whom he had a son before their 2005 divorce; and to Daria, with whom he also has a child.[34][35]
Post-retirement chess
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On 22 August 2006, in his first public chess games since his retirement, Kasparov played in the Lichthof Chess
Champions Tournament, a blitz event played at the time control of 5 minutes per side and 3 second increments per
move. Kasparov tied for first with Anatoly Karpov, scoring 4/6.[36]
Garry Kasparov and Anatoly Karpov played a 12-game match from 2124 September 2009, in Valencia, Spain.
It consisted of four rapid (or semi rapid) games, in which Kasparov won 31, and eight blitz games, in which
Kasparov won 62, winning the match with total result 93. The event took place exactly 25 years after the two
players' legendary encounter at World Chess Championship 1984.[37]
Kasparov actively coached Magnus Carlsen for approximately one year beginning in February 2009. The
collaboration remained secret until September 2009.[38] Under Kasparov's tutelage, Carlsen in October 2009
became the youngest ever to achieve a FIDE rating higher than 2800, and rose from world number four to world
number one. While the pair initially planned to work together throughout 2010,[39] in March of that year it was
announced that Carlsen had split from Kasparov and would no longer be using him as a trainer.[40] According to an
interview with the German magazine Der Spiegel, Carlsen indicated that he would remain in contact and that he
would continue to attend training sessions with Kasparov,[41] but in fact no further training sessions were held and
the cooperation gradually fizzled over the course of the Spring.[42]
In May 2010 it was revealed that Kasparov had aided Viswanathan Anand in preparation for the World Chess
Championship 2010 against challenger Veselin Topalov. Anand won the match 65 to retain the title.[43]
Also in May 2010 he played 30 games simultaneously, winning each one, against players at Tel-Aviv University in
Israel.[44]
In January 2011, Kasparov began training the American grandmaster Hikaru Nakamura. The first of several
training sessions was held in New York just prior to Nakamura's participation in the Tata Steel Chess tournament in
Wijk aan Zee, the Netherlands.[45] In December 2011, it was announced that the cooperation had come to an
end.[46]
Kasparov played two blitz exhibition matches in the autumn of 2011. The first, in September against French
grandmaster Maxime Vachier-Lagrave, in Clichy (France), which Kasparov won 1. The second was a longer
match consisting of eight blitz games played on 9 October, against English grandmaster Nigel Short. Kasparov won
again by a score of 43.
Candidate for FIDE presidency
On 7 October 2013 Kasparov announced his candidacy for World Chess Federation president during a reception
in Tallinn, Estonia, where the 84th FIDE Congress took place.[47] Kasparov's candidacy was supported by his
former student, reigning World Chess Champion and FIDE #1 ranked player Magnus Carlsen.[48]
Head-to-head record versus selected grandmasters

(Rapid, blitz and blindfold games not included; listed as +wins losses =draws as of 2 May 2014.)[49]
Players who have been undisputed World Champions in boldface
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Michael Adams +10-0=8

Viswanathan Anand +155=31
Boris Gelfand +130=8
Boris Gulko +13=3
Vassily Ivanchuk +114=22
Anatoly Karpov +28-21=129
Victor Korchnoi +161=23
Vladimir Kramnik +45=40
Alexander Morozevich +30=4
Alexei Shirov +150=14
Nigel Short +282=26
Peter Svidler +62=4
Veselin Topalov +103=14
Politics
Central committee member of Komsomol
Kasparov joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) in 1984 and in 1987 was elected to the Central
Committee of Komsomol. But in 1990 he left the party and together with his family fled from Baku to Moscow on
a chartered plane[50] when pogroms against Armenians in Baku took place forcing thousands of ethnic Armenians
to flee Azerbaijan.[51]
Co-founder of Democratic Party of Russia and Choice of Russia bloc

In May Kasparov took part in the creation of the Democratic Party of Russia. Kasparov was in June 1993
involved with the creation of the "Choice of Russia" bloc of parties and in 1996 took part in the election campaign
of Boris Yeltsin. In 2001 he voiced his support for the Russian television channel NTV.[12]
Keeper of the Flame award

In 1991, Kasparov received the Keeper of the Flame award from the Center for Security Policy (a US think tank)
for his contributions "to the defence of the United States and American values around the world".[35][52][53][54][55]
Unwitting board member of award organization
In April 2007, it was asserted[56] that Kasparov was a board member of the National Security Advisory Council of
Center for Security Policy,[52] a "non-profit, non-partisan national security organization [in Washington, DC] that
specializes in identifying policies, actions, and resource needs that are vital to American security".[53] Kasparov
confirmed this and added that he was removed shortly after he became aware of it. He noted that he did not know
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about the membership and suggested he was included in the board by accident because he received the 1991
Keeper of the Flame award from this organization.[54][55] But Kasparov maintained his association with the
leadership by giving speeches at think tanks such as the Hoover Institution.[35]
United Civil Front

After his retirement from chess in 2005, Kasparov turned to politics and created the United Civil Front, a social
movement whose main goal is to "work to preserve electoral democracy in Russia".[57] He has vowed to "restore
democracy" to Russia by toppling the President of Russia Vladimir Putin, of whom he is an outspoken
critic.[58][59][60]
The Other Russia

Kasparov was instrumental in setting up The Other Russia, a coalition which opposes Putin's government. The
Other Russia has been boycotted by the leaders of Russia's mainstream opposition parties, Yabloko and Union of
Rightist Forces as they are concerned about its inclusion of radical nationalist and left-wing groups such as the
National Bolshevik Party and former members of the Rodina party including Viktor Gerashchenko, a potential
presidential candidate. But regional branches of Yabloko and the Union of Rightist Forces have opted to take part
in the coalition. Kasparov says that leaders of these parties are controlled by the Kremlin,[61] despite the fact that
they both publicly oppose the president's policies.
Attacked
On 10 April 2005, Kasparov was in Moscow at a promotional event when he was struck over the head with a
chessboard he had just signed. The assailant was reported to have said "I admired you as a chess player, but you
gave that up for politics" immediately before the attack.[62] Kasparov has been the subject of a number of other
episodes since.[63][64]
Saint Petersburg Dissenters' March

Kasparov helped organize the Saint Petersburg Dissenters' March on 3
March 2007 and The March of the Dissenters on 24 March 2007, both
involving several thousand people rallying against Putin and Saint
Petersburg Governor Valentina Matviyenko's policies.[65][66]
Arrest in Moscow and questioning by FSB

On 14 April 2007, he was briefly arrested by the Moscow police while
heading for a demonstration, following warnings by the prosecution office
on the eve of the march, stating that anyone participating risked being
detained. He was held for some 10 hours and then fined and released.[67]
Kasparov at the third Dissenters

March in Saint Petersburg on 9 June
2007
He was summoned by FSB for questioning, allegedly for violations of Russian anti-extremism laws.[68]
KGB general says Kasparov's life in danger

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Speaking about Kasparov, former KGB general Oleg Kalugin in 2007 remarked, "I do not talk in detailspeople
who knew them are all dead now because they were vocal, they were open. I am quiet. There is only one man who
is vocal and he may be in trouble: [former] world chess champion [Garry] Kasparov. He has been very outspoken
in his attacks on Putin and I believe that he is probably next on the list."[69]
2007 presidential bid

On 30 September 2007, Kasparov entered the Russian Presidential race, receiving 379 of 498 votes at a congress
held in Moscow by The Other Russia.[70]
In October 2007, Kasparov announced his intention of standing for the Russian presidency as the candidate of the
"Other Russia" coalition and vowed to fight for a "democratic and just Russia". Later that month he traveled to the
United States, where he appeared on several popular television programs, which were hosted by Stephen Colbert,
Wolf Blitzer, Bill Maher, and Chris Matthews.
Detention at rally
On 24 November 2007, Kasparov and other protesters were detained by police at an Other Russia rally in
Moscow. This followed an attempt by about 100 protesters to break through police lines and march on the
electoral commission, which had barred Other Russia candidates from parliamentary elections.[71] He was
subsequently charged with resisting arrest and organizing an unauthorized protest and given a jail sentence of five
days. He was released from jail on 29 November.[72] Putin spoke briefly about the incident in an interview with
Time magazine later that year, saying: "Why did Mr. Kasparov, when arrested, speak out in English rather than
Russian? When a politician works the crowd of other nations rather than the Russian nation, it tells you
something."[73]
Forced to quit campaign
On 12 December 2007, Kasparov announced that he had to withdraw his presidential candidacy due to inability to
rent a meeting hall where at least 500 of his supporters could assemble to endorse his candidacy, as is legally
required. With the deadline expiring on that date, he explained it was impossible for him to run. Kasparov's
spokeswoman accused the government of using pressure to deter anyone from renting a hall for the gathering and
said that the electoral commission had rejected a proposal that separate smaller gatherings be held at the same time
instead of one large gathering at a meeting hall.[74]
"Putin must go"

Kasparov was among the 34 first signatories and a key organizer of the online anti-Putin campaign "Putin must go",
started on 10 March 2010.
Human Rights Foundation

Kasparov was named Chairman of the Human Rights Foundation in 2011, succeeding the recently deceased
author, activist, and former Czech president Vclav Havel.[75] On 31 January 2012 Kasparov hosted a meeting of
opposition leaders planning a mass march on 4 February 2012, the third major opposition rally held since the
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disputed State Duma elections of December 2011. Among other opposition leaders attending were Alexey
Navalny and Yevgenia Chirikova.[76]
Arrest and beating at Pussy Riot trial

On 17 August 2012 Kasparov was arrested and beaten outside of the Moscow court while attending the verdict
reading in the case involving the all-female punk band Pussy Riot.[77] On 24 August he was cleared of charges that
he took part in an unauthorized protest against the conviction of three members of Pussy Riot. Judge Yekaterina
Veklich said there were "no grounds to believe the testimony of the police". He could still face criminal charges over
a police officer's claims that the opposition leader bit his finger while he was being detained.[78] He later thanked all
the bloggers and reporters who provided video evidence that contradicted the testimony of the police.
Miscellaneous
Kasparov wrote in February 2013 that "fascism has come to Russia....Project Putin, just like the old Project Hitler,
is but the fruit of a conspiracy by the ruling elite. Fascist rule was never the result of the free will of the people. It
was always the fruit of a conspiracy by the ruling elites!"[79]
In April 2013, Kasparov joined in an HRF condemnation of Kanye West for having performed for the leader of
Kazakhstan in exchange for a $3 million paycheck, saying that West "has entertained a brutal killer and his
entourage" and that his fee "came from the loot stolen from the Kazakhstan treasury."[80]
Kasparov denied rumors in April 2013 that he planned to leave Russia for good. "I found these rumors to be
deeply saddening and, moreover, surprising," he wrote. "I was unable to respond immediately because I was in
such a state of shock that such an incredibly inaccurate statement, the likes of which is constantly distributed by the
Kremlins propagandists, came this time from Ilya Yashin, a fellow member of the Opposition Coordination Council
(KSO) and my former colleague from the Solidarity movement."[81]
In an April 2013 op-ed piece, Kasparov accused prominent Russian journalist Vladimir Posner of failing to stand
up to Putin and to earlier Russian and Soviet leaders.[82]
Kasparov was presented with the Morris B. Abram Human Rights Award, UN Watch's annual human-rights prize,
in 2013. The organization praised him as "not only one of the worlds smartest men" but "also among its
bravest."[83]
At the 2013 Women in the World conference, Kasparov told the Daily Beast's Michael Moynihan that democracy
no longer existed in what he called Russia's "dictatorship."[84]
Kasparov said at a press conference in June 2013 that if he returned to Russia he doubted he would be allowed to
leave again, given Putin's ongoing crackdown against dissenters. "So for the time being," he said, "I refrain from
returning to Russia." He explained shortly thereafter in an article for the Daily Beast that this had not been intended
as "a declaration of leaving my home country, permanently or otherwise," but merely an expression of "the dark
reality of the situation in Russia today, where nearly half the members of the oppositions Coordinating Council are
under criminal investigation on concocted charges." He noted that the Moscow prosecutors office was "opening an
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investigation that would limit my ability to travel," making it impossible for him to fulfill "professional speaking
engagements" and hindering his "work for the nonprofit Kasparov Chess Foundation, which has centers in New
York City, Brussels, and Johannesburg to promote chess in education."[84]
Kasparov further wrote in his June 2013 Daily Beast article that the mass protests in Moscow 18 months earlier
against fraudulent Russian elections had been "a proud moment for me." He recalled that after joining the opposition
movement in March 2005, he had been criticized for seeking to unite "every anti-Putin element in the country to
march together regardless of ideology." Therefore the sight of "hundreds of flags representing every group from
liberals to nationalists all marching together for 'Russia Without Putin' was the fulfillment of a dream." Yet most
Russians, he lamented, had continued to "slumber" even as Putin had "taken off the flimsy mask of democracy to
reveal himself in full as the would-be KGB dictator he has always been."[85]
Kasparov responded with several sardonic Twitter postings to a September 2013 New York Times op-ed by
Putin. "I hope Putin has taken adequate protections," he tweeted. "Now that he is a Russian journalist his life may
be in grave danger!" Also: "Now we can expect NY Times op-eds by Mugabe on fair elections, Castro on free
speech, & Kim Jong-un on prison reform. The Axis of Hypocrisy."[86]
Allegation of FSB non-disclosure of Boston marathon bombing suspects

In a 12 May 2013, op-ed for the Wall Street Journal, Kasparov questioned reports that the Russian security
agency, the FSB, had fully cooperated with the FBI in the matter of the Boston bombers. He noted that the elder
bomber, Tamerlan Tsarnaev, had reportedly met in Russia with two known jihadists who "were killed in Dagestan
by the Russian military just days before Tamerlan left Russia for the U.S." Kasparov argued, "If no intelligence was
sent from Moscow to Washington" about this meeting, "all this talk of FSB cooperation cannot be taken seriously."
He further observed, "This would not be the first time Russian security forces seemed strangely impotent in the face
of an impending terror attack," pointing out that in both the 2002 Moscow theater siege and the 2004 Beslan
school attack, "there were FSB informants in both terror groupsyet the attacks went ahead unimpeded." Given
this history, he wrote, "it is impossible to overlook that the Boston bombing took place just days after the U.S.
Magnitsky List was published, creating the first serious external threat to the Putin power structure by penalizing
Russian officials complicit in human-rights crimes." In sum, Putin's "dubious record on counterterrorism and its
continued support of terror sponsors Iran and Syria mean only one thing: common ground zero."[87]
On the Navalny trial

Kasparov wrote in July 2013 about the trial in Kirov of fellow opposition leader Alexei Navalny, who had been
convicted "on concocted embezzlement charges," only to see the prosecutor, surprisingly, ask for his release the
next day pending appeal. "The judicial process and the democratic process in Russia," wrote Kasparov, "are both
elaborate mockeries created to distract the citizenry at home and to help Western leaders avoid confronting the
awkward fact that Russia has returned to a police state." Still, Kasparov felt that whatever had caused the Kirov
prosecutor's about-face, "my optimism tells me it was a positive sign. After more than 13 years of predictable
repression under Putin, anything different is good."[88]
On the Syrian civil war

Kasparov wrote in Time Magazine on 18 September 2013 that he considered the "chess metaphors thrown around
during the worlds response to the civil war in Syria" to be "trite" and rejected what he called "all the nonsense
about 'Putin is playing chess and Obama is playing checkers,' or tic-tac-toe or whatever." Putin, argued Kasparov,
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"did not have to outplay or outthink anyone. He and Bashar Assad won by forfeit when President Obama, Prime
Minister Cameron and the rest of the so-called leaders of the free world walked away from the table." There is, he
lamented, "a new game at the negotiating table where Putin and Assad set the rules and will run the show under the
protection of the U.N."[89] Kasparov said in September 2013 that Russia was now a dictatorship.[90] In the same
month he told an interviewer that "Obama going to Russia now is dead wrong, morally and politically," because
Putin's regime "is behind Assad."[91]
Croatia connections
Kasparov maintains a summer home in the Croatian city of Makarska. In early February 2014, Kasparov applied
for citizenship by naturalisation in Croatia, adding that he was finding it increasingly difficult to live in Russia.
According to an article in The Guardian, Kasparov is "widely perceived" as having been a vocal supporter of
Croatian independence during the early 1990s. On 28 February 2014, his application for naturalisation was
approved, and he is now a Croatian passport holder.[92]
Sochi Olympics
Kasparov spoke out several times about Putin's antigay laws and the proposed Sochi Olympics boycott. He
explained in August 2013 that he had opposed Russias bid from the outset, since hosting the Olympics would
"allow Vladimir Putins cronies to embezzle hundreds of millions of dollars" and "lend prestige to Putins
authoritarian regime." Kasparov added that Putin's anti-gay law was "only the most recent encroachment on the
freedom of speech and association of Russias citizens," which the international community had largely ignored.
Instead of supporting a games boycott, which would "unfairly punish athletes," Kasparov called for athletes and
others to "transform Putins self-congratulatory pet project into a spotlight that exposes his authoritarian rule for the
entire world to see."[93] In September, Kasparov expanded on his remarks, saying that "forcing athletes to play a
political role against their will is not fair" and that politicians should not "hide behind athletes." Instead of boycotting
Sochi, he suggested, politicians should refuse to attend the games and the public should "put pressure on the
sponsors and the media." Coca-Cola, for example, could put "a rainbow flag on each Coca-Cola can" and NBC
could "do interviews with Russian gay activists or with Russian political activists." Kasparov also emphasized that
although he was "still a Russian citizen," he had "good reason to be concerned about my ability to leave Russia if I
returned to Moscow."[94]
Access to website blocked

Related to the Crimean crises the Russian federative regulator, Roskomnadzor, blocked access to the web page
kasparov.ru at the demand of the public prosecutor.[95]
Chess ratings achievements

Kasparov holds the record for the longest time as the No. 1 rated player in the worldfrom 1986 to 2005
(Vladimir Kramnik shared the No. 1 ranking with him once, in the January 1996 FIDE rating list).[96] He
was also briefly ejected from the list following his split from FIDE in 1993, but during that time he headed the
rating list of the rival PCA. At the time of his retirement, he was still ranked No. 1 in the world, with a rating
of 2812. His rating has fallen inactive since the January 2006 rating list.[97]
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In January 1990 Kasparov achieved the (then) highest FIDE rating ever, passing 2800 and breaking Bobby
Fischer's old record of 2785. On the July 1999 and January 2000 FIDE rating lists Kasparov reached a
2851 Elo rating, at that time the highest rating ever achieved.[98] He held that record for the highest rating
ever achieved until his former student Magnus Carlsen attained a new record high rating of 2861 in January,
2013.
There was a time in the early 1990s when Kasparov was over 2800 and the only person in the 2700s was
Anatoly Karpov.
According to the unofficial Chessmetrics calculations, Kasparov was the highest rated player in the world
continuously from February 1985 until October 2004.[99] He also holds the highest all-time average rating
over a 2 (2877) to 20 (2856) year period and is second to only Bobby Fischer's (2881 vs 2879) over a
one-year period.
Playing style
Kasparov's style of play has been compared by many to Alekhine's.[100][101] Kasparov himself has described his
style as being influenced chiefly by Alekhine, Tal and Fischer.[102] Kramnik has opined that "[Kasparov's] capacity
for study is second to none", and said "There is nothing in chess he has been unable to deal with."[103] Carlsen,
whom Kasparov coached from 2009 to 2010, said of Kasparov, "I've never seen someone with such a feel for
dynamics in complex positions."[104] Kasparov was known for his extensive opening preparation and aggressive
play in the opening.[105][106]
Olympiads and other major team events

Kasparov played in a total of eight Chess Olympiads. He represented the
Soviet Union four times and Russia four times, following the breakup of
the Soviet Union in 1991. In his 1980 Olympiad debut, he became, at
age 17, the youngest player to represent the Soviet Union or Russia at
that level, a record which was broken by Vladimir Kramnik in 1992. In
82 games, he has scored (+50 3 =29), for 78.7% and won a total of
19 medals, including team gold medals all eight times he competed. For
the 1994 Moscow Olympiad, he had a significant organizational role, in
helping to put together the event on short notice, after Thessaloniki
canceled its offer to host, a few weeks before the scheduled dates.
Kasparov's detailed Olympiad record, from,[107] follows.
Valletta 1980, USSR 2nd reserve, 9/12 (+8 1 =3), team gold,
Kasparov at Valletta in 1980
board bronze;
Lucerne 1982, USSR 2nd board, 8/11 (+6 0 =5), team gold, board bronze;
Dubai 1986, USSR 1st board, 8/11 (+7 1 =3), team gold, board gold, performance gold;
Thessaloniki 1988, USSR 1st board, 8/10 (+7 0 =3), team gold, board gold, performance gold;
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Manila 1992, Russia board 1, 8/10 (+7 0 =3), team gold, board gold, performance silver;
Moscow 1994, Russia board 1, 6/10 (+4 1 =5), team gold;
Yerevan 1996, Russia board 1, 7/9 (+5 0 =4), team gold, board gold, performance silver;
Bled 2002, Russia board 1, 7/9 (+6 0 =3), team gold, board gold.
Kasparov made his international teams debut for the USSR at age 16 in the 1980 European Team Championship
and played for Russia in the 1992 edition of that championship. He won a total of five medals. His detailed
Euroteams record, from,[108] follows.
Skara 1980, USSR 2nd reserve, 5/6 (+5 0 =1), team gold, board gold;
Debrecen 1992, Russia board 1, 6/8 (+4 0 =4), team gold, board gold, performance silver.
Kasparov also represented the USSR once in Youth Olympiad competition, but the detailed data at Olimpbase
(http://www.olimpbase.org/1981k/1981in.html) is incomplete; the Chessmetrics Garry Kasparov player file
(http://www.chessmetrics.com) has his individual score from that event.
Graz 1981, USSR board 1, 9/10 (+8 0 =2), team gold.
Other records
Kasparov holds the record for most consecutive professional tournament victories, placing first or equal first in 15
individual tournaments from 1981 to 1990. The streak was broken by Vasily Ivanchuk at Linares 1991, where
Kasparov placed 2nd, half a point behind him. The details of this record winning streak follow:[21]
Frunze 1981, USSR Championship, 12/17, tie for 1st;
Bugojno 1982, 9/13, 1st;
Moscow 1982, Interzonal, 10/13, 1st;
Niki 1983, 11/14, 1st;
Brussels OHRA 1986, 7/10, 1st;
Dubai 27th Olympiad
Brussels 1987, 8/11, tie for 1st;
Amsterdam Optiebeurs 1988, 9/12, 1st;
Belfort (World Cup) 1988, 11/15, 1st;
Moscow 1988, USSR Championship, 11/17, tie for 1st;
Reykjavk (World Cup) 1988, 11/17, 1st;
Barcelona (World Cup) 1989, 11/16, tie for 1st;
Skellefte (World Cup) 1989, 9/15, tie for 1st;
Tilburg 1989, 12/14, 1st;
Belgrade (Investbank) 1989, 9/11, 1st;
Linares 1990, 8/11, 1st.
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Kasparov won the Chess Oscar a record eleven times.
Books and other writings

Early writings
Kasparov has written books on chess. He published a controversial[109] autobiography when still in his early 20s,
originally titled Child of Change, later retitled Unlimited Challenge. This book was subsequently updated several
times after he became World Champion. Its content is mainly literary, with a small chess component of key
unannotated games. He published an annotated games collection in 1985: Fighting Chess: My Games and
Career[110] and this book has also been updated several times in further editions. He also wrote a book annotating
the games from his World Chess Championship 1985 victory, World Chess Championship Match: Moscow,
1985.
He has annotated his own games extensively for the Yugoslav Chess Informant series and for other chess
publications. In 1982, he co-authored Batsford Chess Openings with British grandmaster Raymond Keene and
this book was an enormous seller. It was updated into a second edition in 1989. He also co-authored two opening
books with his trainer Alexander Nikitin in the 1980s for British publisher Batsfordon the Classical Variation of
the Caro-Kann Defence and on the Scheveningen Variation of the Sicilian Defence. Kasparov has also contributed
extensively to the five-volume openings series Encyclopedia of Chess Openings.
In 2000, Kasparov co-authored Kasparov Against the World: The Story of the Greatest Online
Challenge[111] with grandmaster Daniel King. The 202-page book analyzes the 1999 Kasparov versus the World
game, and holds the record for the longest analysis devoted to a single chess game.[112]
Kasparov has written in support of New Chronology (Fomenko), although with some reservations.[113]
My Great Predecessors series

In 2003, the first volume of his five-volume work Garry Kasparov on My Great Predecessors was published.
This volume, which deals with the world chess champions Wilhelm Steinitz, Emanuel Lasker, Jos Ral
Capablanca, Alexander Alekhine, and some of their strong contemporaries, has received lavish praise from some
reviewers (including Nigel Short), while attracting criticism from others for historical inaccuracies and analysis of
games directly copied from unattributed sources. Through suggestions on the book's website, most of these
shortcomings were corrected in following editions and translations. Despite this, the first volume won the British
Chess Federation's Book of the Year award in 2003. Volume two, covering Max Euwe, Mikhail Botvinnik, Vasily
Smyslov and Mikhail Tal appeared later in 2003. Volume three, covering Tigran Petrosian and Boris Spassky
appeared in early 2004. In December 2004, Kasparov released volume four, which covers Samuel Reshevsky,
Miguel Najdorf, and Bent Larsen (none of these three were World Champions), but focuses primarily on Bobby
Fischer. The fifth volume, devoted to the chess careers of World Champion Anatoly Karpov and challenger Viktor
Korchnoi, was published in March 2006.
Modern Chess series
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His book Revolution in the 70s (published in March 2007) covers "the openings revolution of the 1970s1980s"
and is the first book in a new series called "Modern Chess Series", which intends to cover his matches with Karpov
and selected games. The book "Revolution in the 70s" concerns the revolution in opening theory that was witnessed
in that decade. Such systems as the controversial (at the time) "Hedgehog" opening plan of passively developing the
pieces no further than the first three ranks are examined in great detail. Kasparov also analyzes some of the most
notable games played in that period. In a section at the end of the book, top opening theoreticians provide their
own "take" on the progress made in opening theory in the 1980s.
Garry Kasparov on Garry Kasparov series

Kasparov is publishing three volumes of his games.
Other post-retirement writing

In 2007 he wrote How Life Imitates Chess, an examination of the parallels between decision-making in chess and
in the business world.
In 2008 Kasparov published a sympathetic obituary for Bobby Fischer, writing: "I am often asked if I ever met or
played Bobby Fischer. The answer is no, I never had that opportunity. But even though he saw me as a member of
the evil chess establishment that he felt had robbed and cheated him, I am sorry I never had a chance to thank him
personally for what he did for our sport."[114]
He is the chief advisor for the book publisher Everyman Chess.
Kasparov works closely with Mig Greengard and his comments can often be found on Greengard's blog
(apparently no longer active).
Kasparov is currently collaborating with Max Levchin and Peter Thiel on The Blueprint, a book calling for a
revival of world innovation, due out in March 2013 from W. W. Norton & Company.
Chess against computers

32 simultaneous computers, 1985
Kasparov played against thirty-two different chess computers in Hamburg, winning all games, but with some
difficulty.[115]
Deep Thought, 1989

Kasparov defeated the chess computer Deep Thought in both games of a two-game match in 1989.[116]
Deep Blue, 1996

In February 1996, IBM's chess computer Deep Blue defeated Kasparov in one game using normal time controls, in
Deep Blue - Kasparov, 1996, Game 1. Kasparov gained three wins and two draws and won the match 42.
Deep Blue, 1997

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In May 1997, an updated version of Deep Blue defeated Kasparov 32 in a highly publicized six-game match.
The match was even after five games but Kasparov lost quickly in Game 6. This was the first time a computer had
ever defeated a world champion in match play. A documentary film was made about this famous matchup entitled
Game Over: Kasparov and the Machine.
Kasparov claimed that several factors weighed against him in this match. In particular, he was denied access to
Deep Blue's recent games, in contrast to the computer's team, which could study hundreds of Kasparov's.
After the loss Kasparov said that he sometimes saw deep intelligence and creativity in the machine's moves,
suggesting that during the second game, human chess players, in contravention of the rules, intervened. IBM denied
that it cheated, saying the only human intervention occurred between games. The rules provided for the developers
to modify the program between games, an opportunity they said they used to shore up weaknesses in the
computer's play revealed during the course of the match. Kasparov requested printouts of the machine's log files
but IBM refused, although the company later published the logs on the Internet.[117] Although Kasparov wanted
another rematch, IBM declined and ended their Deep Blue program.
Kasparov's loss to Deep Blue inspired the creation of the game Arimaa.[118]
Deep Junior, 2003

In January 2003, he engaged in a six-game classical time control match
with a $1 million prize fund which was billed as the FIDE "Man vs.
Machine" World Championship, against Deep Junior.[119] The engine
evaluated three million positions per second.[120] After one win each and
three draws, it was all up to the final game. After reaching a decent
position Kasparov offered a draw, which was soon accepted by the
Deep Junior team. Asked why he offered the draw, Kasparov said he
feared making a blunder.[121] Originally planned as an annual event, the
match was not repeated.
Deep Junior was the first machine to beat Kasparov with black and at a
Kasparov wore 3D glasses in his

match against the program X3D Fritz.
standard time control.[122]
X3D Fritz, 2003

In November 2003, he engaged in a four-game match against the computer program X3D Fritz, using a virtual
board, 3D glasses and a speech recognition system. After two draws and one win apiece, the X3D ManMachine
match ended in a draw. Kasparov received $175,000 for the result and took home the golden trophy. Kasparov
continued to criticize the blunder in the second game that cost him a crucial point. He felt that he had outplayed the
machine overall and played well. "I only made one mistake but unfortunately that one mistake lost the game."[123]
Books
The Test of Time (Russian Chess) (1986, Pergamon Pr)
World Chess Championship Match: Moscow, 1985 (1986, Everyman Chess)
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Child of Change: An Autobiography (1987, Hutchinson)

LondonLeningrad Championship Games (1987, Everyman Chess)
Unlimited Challenge (1990, Grove Pr)
The Sicilian Scheveningen (1991, B.T. Batsford Ltd)
The Queen's Indian Defence: Kasparov System (1991, B.T. Batsford Ltd)
Kasparov Versus Karpov, 1990 (1991, Everyman Chess)
Kasparov on the King's Indian (1993, B.T. Batsford Ltd)
Garry Kasparov's Chess Challenge (1996, Everyman Chess)
Lessons in Chess (1997, Everyman Chess)
Kasparov Against the World: The Story of the Greatest Online Challenge (2000, Kasparov Chess
Online)
My Great Predecessors Part I (2003, Everyman Chess)
My Great Predecessors Part II (2003, Everyman Chess)
Checkmate!: My First Chess Book (2004, Everyman Mindsports)
My Great Predecessors Part III (2004, Everyman Chess)
My Great Predecessors Part IV (2004, Everyman Chess)
My Great Predecessors Part V (2006, Everyman Chess)
How Life Imitates Chess (2007, William Heinemann Ltd.)
Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess, Part I: Revolution in the 70s (2007, Everyman Chess)
Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess, Part II: Kasparov vs Karpov 19751985 (2008, Everyman Chess)
Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess, Part III: Kasparov vs Karpov 19861987 (2009, Everyman Chess)
Garry Kasparov on Modern Chess, Part IV: Kasparov vs Karpov 19882009 (2010, Everyman Chess)
Garry Kasparov on Garry Kasparov, part I (2011, Everyman Chess)
Garry Kasparov on Garry Kasparov, part II (2013, Everyman Chess)
Garry Kasparov on Garry Kasparov, part III (2014, Everyman Chess)
The Blueprint: Reviving Innovation, Rediscovering Risk, and Rescuing the Free Market (2013, W. W.
Norton & Co)
See also
Kasparov versus the World
List of chess games between Kasparov and Kramnik
Committee 2008
Putinism
Notes
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1. "Gotova stvar: Gari Kasparov je dobio hrvatsko dravljanstvo! - 24sata" (http://www.24sata.hr/sport/gotova-stvargari-kasparov-je-dobio-hrvatsko-drzavljanstvo-355576). 24sata.hr. 27 February 2014. Retrieved 17 March 2014.
2. Garry Kasparov on Garry Kasparov, part I, 2011, ISBN 978-1-85744-672-2, pp. 1617
3. "Most experts place [Bobby Fischer] the second or third best ever, behind Kasparov but probably ahead of
Karpov." Obituary of Bobby Fischer (http://www.guardian.co.uk/obituaries/story/0,,2243266,00.html), Leonard
Barden, The Guardian, 19 January 2008
4. "Who is the Strongest Chess Player?" (http://www.chess.com/article/view/who-is-the-strongest-chess-player). Bill
Wall. Chess.com. 27 October 2008. Retrieved 2 March 2009.
5. Ruslan Ponomariov won the disputed FIDE title, at the age of 18, when the world title was split
6. Conor Sweeney, Chris Baldwin, Putin "heir" on course to win Russia election: poll
(http://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSL1364229620071213)
7. Eli Lake (17 June 2012). "Chessmaster Garry Kasparov Is Determined to Checkmate Vladimir Putin"
(http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/06/17/chessmaster-garry-kasparov-is-determined-to-checkmatevladimir-putin.html). The Daily Beast.
8. Gessen, Masha (2012). The Man Without a Face: The Unlikely Rise of Vladimir Putin. New York: Riverhead
Books. pp. 196197. ISBN 978-1-59448-842-9. Gessen describes some of the obstacles Kasparov encountered
during the attempt to build his campaign: his chartered plane was refused airport access; hotels were advised not to
house him; event attendees and organizers were threatened; secret police were a constant presence; a "total
television blackout" was enforced. These measures, Gessen concludes, kept the Kasparov movement from
growing.
9. Demirjian, Karoun (2014-09-13). "Moscow city elections leave little room for Russian opposition"
(http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/moscow-city-elections-leave-little-room-for-russianopposition/2014/09/12/918f562c-070c-4ef8-8592-bc1f8d674e46_story.html). Washington Post. Retrieved
2014-09-28."Independent opposition candidates faced many obstacles. In February, Putin signed a law requiring all
independent candidates to collect signatures from 3 percent of their constituents. The city didnt finalize the
boundaries of the districts which expanded from 35 to 45 until April. Then in May, two of the original 'For
Moscow' members were slapped with fraud charges, effectively ending their campaigns.[paragraph break] The
remaining would-be candidates had a few weeks in the summer to collect approximately 5,000 signatures. It
proved an elusive goal for most coalition members."
10. Chess Champion Garry Kasparov is Russia's Great Red Hope
(http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2012/05/06/chess-champion-garry-kasparov-is-russia-s-great-redhope.html)
11. Garry Kasparov on Garry Kasparov (http://www.amazon.com/Garry-Kasparov-Part-19731985/dp/1857446720/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1331167107&sr=8-1): "I am absolutely sure that the Garry
Kasparov, who became leader of the chess world, professed the same values as Garik Weinstein, who once,
following the example of his father, became fascinated by chess..."
12. Biography (http://www.kasparov.ru/note.php?id=44993207033D9) on Kasparov.ru site (Russian)
13. White King and Red Queen by Daniel Johnson, ISBN 1-84354-609-4
14. "Transcript: Kasparov to Start Campaign Promoting 'Values of Democracy' "
(http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,301057,00.html). Fox News. Retrieved 20 October 2013.
15. Unlimited Challenge, an autobiography by Garry Kasparov with Donald Trelford, ISBN 0-00-637358-5
16. Kasparov: The World's Chess Champion
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16. Kasparov: The World's Chess Champion

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propaganda" (http://twitchy.com/2013/09/11/checkmate-garry-kasparov-rips-apart-pathetic-nyt-for-providingputin-a-platform-for-condescending-propaganda/). Twitchy. 11 September 2013. Retrieved 5 December 2013.
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Retrieved 2 December 2013. "The 'homosexual propaganda' law is only the most recent encroachment on the
freedom of speech and association of Russias citizens. Yet, the European Union and other governments have
largely ignored the fact that Russia has signed various international conventions that categorically forbid this sort of
discrimination. In the face of silent complicity by governments, it is up to artists, activists, and individuals like us
to speak up against Putins human rights abuses."
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123. "Kasparov vs X3D Fritz match finishes 22 after game four draw" (http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?
newsid=1312). ChessBase. 19 November 2003. Retrieved 19 November 2009.
Further reading
Borik, Otto (1991). Kasparov's Chess Openings: A World Champion's Repertoire. Trafalgar Square
Pub. ISBN 0-943955-39-4.
Stohl, Igor (2005). Garry Kasparov's Greatest Chess Games, Volume 1. Gambit Publications. ISBN 1904600-32-8.
Stohl, Igor (2006). Garry Kasparov's Greatest Chess Games, Volume 2. Gambit Publications. ISBN 1904600-43-3.
Krolyi, Tibor; Aplin, Nick (2007). Kasparov's Fighting Chess 19931998. Batsford. ISBN 0-71348994-4.
Krolyi, Tibor; Aplin, Nick (2007). Kasparov's Fighting Chess 19992005. Batsford. ISBN 978-07134-8984-2.
Krolyi, Tibor; Aplin, Nick (2009). Kasparov: How His Predecessors Misled Him About Chess.
Batsford. ISBN 978-1-906388-26-3.
External links
Garry Kasparov (http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessplayer?
pid=15940) player profile and games at Chessgames.com
Garry Kasparov, "Man of the Year?"
(http://www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?
id=110011031), OpinionJournal, 23 December 2007
Wikiquote has quotations

related to: Garry Kasparov
Wikimedia Commons has
media related to Garry
Kasparov.
Edward Winter, List of Books About Fischer and Kasparov

(http://www.chesshistory.com/winter/extra/fischerkasparov.html)
Garry Kasparov (https://twitter.com/Kasparov63) on Twitter
Garry Kasparov (https://www.facebook.com/KasparovHome) on Facebook
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3/29/2015
Sporting positions
Preceded by
Anatoly Karpov
Preceded by
Peter Svidler
FIDE World Chess Champion

198593
Succeeded by
Anatoly Karpov
Classical World Chess Champion

19852000
Succeeded by
Vladimir Kramnik
Russian Chess Champion

2004
Succeeded by
Sergei Rublevsky
Achievements
Preceded by
Anatoly Karpov
Anatoly Karpov
Vladimir Kramnik
World No. 1
1 January 1984 30 June 1985
1 January 1986 31 December 1995
1 July 1996 31 March 2006
Succeeded by
Anatoly Karpov
Vladimir Kramnik
Veselin Topalov
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Garry_Kasparov&oldid=653075179"

Categories: 1963 births Living people People from Baku Chess coaches Chess grandmasters
Chess Olympiad competitors Russian chess players Russian chess writers
Russian people of Armenian descent Russian people of Jewish descent People of Azerbaijani-Jewish descent
Naturalized citizens of Croatia Russian politicians Russian dissidents Russian sportsperson-politicians
Soviet chess players Soviet chess writers World chess champions World Junior Chess Champions
Solidarnost politicians Russian liberals The Other Russia (coalition) 201113 Russian protests
Russian activists Croatian activists
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Garry Kasparov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Garry Kimovich Kasparov (Russian:

, Russian pronunciation: [ar kimvt k

sparf]; born Garik Kimovich Weinstein,[2] 13 April

2851 (July 1999, January 2000)

No. 1 (January 1984)

Garry Kasparov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Garry Kasparov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

9.19 Access to website blocked

Garry Kasparov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kasparov at age 11, Vilnius,

Toward the top

Garry Kasparov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

1984 World Championship

Kasparov becomes World

In an unexpected turn of events, there followed a series of 17 successive draws,

Kasparov won games 47 and 48 to bring the scores to 53 in Karpov's favour.

Garry Kasparov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Break with and ejection from FIDE

Kasparov and Viswanathan Anand in

Garry Kasparov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Losing the title and aftermath

Garry Kasparov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Kasparov playing against Vladimir

Due to Kasparov's continuing strong results, and status as world No. 1 in

Retirement from chess

Garry Kasparov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Head-to-head record versus selected grandmasters

Garry Kasparov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Michael Adams +10-0=8

Co-founder of Democratic Party of Russia and Choice of Russia bloc

Keeper of the Flame award

Garry Kasparov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

United Civil Front

The Other Russia

Saint Petersburg Dissenters' March

Arrest in Moscow and questioning by FSB

Kasparov at the third Dissenters

KGB general says Kasparov's life in danger

Garry Kasparov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

2007 presidential bid

"Putin must go"

Human Rights Foundation

Garry Kasparov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Arrest and beating at Pussy Riot trial

Garry Kasparov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Allegation of FSB non-disclosure of Boston marathon bombing suspects

On the Navalny trial

On the Syrian civil war

Garry Kasparov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Chess ratings achievements

Garry Kasparov - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Olympiads and other major team events