DOMINION

Journal.

Dental
(Official
Organ of the

Ontario

Editor

Co-Editors
A.

HIPPLE,

L.D.S.

A.

C.

HALIFAX,
Editor

Corresponding
W.

R.

PATTON,

VOLUME

D.D.S.

DENTAL

DOMINION
WESLEY

IV.

TORONTO
THE

N.S.

GERMANY.

COLOGNE,

OF

D.D.S.

COGSWELL,

ONT.

STRATFORD,

OFFICE

L.D.S.

que.

montreal,

H.

Association.)

BEERS,

GEORGE

W.

Dental

BUILDINGS.

1892.

JOURNAL,

CONTRIBUTORS

J. A.

TO

Bazin.

VOLUME

IV.

Geo.

McDonald.

D.

V.

Beacock.

Mark

A.

H.

Beers.

Dan.

T.

Brown.

Geo.

A.

A.

Burns.

W.

Pearson.

A.

C.

Cogswell.

W.

A.

S.

S.

E.

A.

DeTrey.

R.

E.

H.

F.

Hipple.

Jackson.

W.

J.

D.

Oliver

E.

S.

H.

Snelgrove.

Sparks.

Stevenson.

Stirton.

S.

C.

W.

Miller.

Frank

Woodbury.

Talbot.

Way.

H.

H.

Geo.

Martin.

Martin.

D.

A.

Robertson.

James

Kerr.

a.

Chas.

W.

Northcroft.

V.

Davidson.

McElhinney.

McPhee.

C.

H.

L.

S.

W.

E.

Weagant.

Wells.

Willmott

INDEX

Communications

Original
A

Case

of

Case

in Practice.

page

Convenient

Plea

R.

Method

Wells

C. W.

Dentition.

InterruptedSecond

IV.

VOLUME

TO

ii

3^

E.

Sparks
Adding New

of

Teeth

Old

to

R.

Plates.

E.

39

Sparks
Preservation

for the

F. A.

Cocaine.

W.

Teeth.

Natural

of the

Pearson

129

Stevenson

12

Copper Amalgam
Dr.

Distilled.

Dots

Dental

141

C.

A.

8, 35, 74,

V. Beacock

D.

Cogswell.
A. C. Cogswell
Ethics.
Ethics and Quackery. L.D.S
Electricity its Applicationto Dentistry.
"

Ontario

Eastern

3
4i
T.

Brown

Address

Association.

Dental

by

I54
C. A.

Martin

in Dentistry. M. S. McElhinney
Electricity
Material
Gold
for FillingTeeth.
R. E. Sparks
as
a
Patient
How
to Procure
an
Impression of the Mouth when
C.
V.
Nausea.
to
Snelgrove

One

Extraction.

After

Hemorrhage
for the

Notes

Step

A. A.

Oliver

Dentists.

H.

A.

6
is Inclined
72
160

Burns

40

Martin

42

33

Hippie

RegisteringOperations
Sinus

from

Some

Recent

an

The

103

Abscessed

Tooth.

Antiseptics. W.
in

Thirty-SixTeeth

Set.

A.

H.

Beers

73

136

E. Willmott

Geo.

McDonald

12

Prilling.Oliver Martin
Diagnosis of the Diseases of the Teeth.

Cast

of the

Uses

Oxysulphate

of Zinc.

W.

D.

105

148

Jas. Stirton

Miller

Why he could not make

Copper Amalgam.
A.
Bazin
Yesterday." Jas.
Mierobes, and What
they are Doing. D.

R.

97
E.

38

Sparks

"

in Practice.

Cases
Osseous
A

Union

Convenient
R.

Eclectic
Proceedings

E.

of

Beacock

175

183

Teeth.

Temporary
of Replacing a

Method

W.
Broken

A.

Societies

Dental

Association

Dental

Association,Province
Association

of

of

Nova

Tooth

Dental

on

Gum

Section.

187
187

Scotia
of

185

Rober!:son

Sparks
SpecialityDentistry. Oliver Martin

Dental

National

65
V.

S. S. Davidson

and

of

157

164

McPhee

D.

Journal.

in Advance.

Pharisaical

The

100

Illustrated

Quebec
Examiners

199

195
200

INDEX.
Pkockkdings

of

Socikiies

Dental

Brunswick

"

Continued.

pao"

Society
Scotia Dental Society
Nova
Ontario
Dental
Society
of Physiciansand Sur^^eons Opening Exercises
Royal Collej,^e
Royal Collegeof Dental Surgeons Reception
Dental Society
Toronto
OdontologicalSociety of Quebec
P'ourth Annual
The
Meeting of the Ontario Dental Society
in Toronto
Examinations
University
Annual
Vermont's
Dental
Meeting
Society's
Columbain
Dental Congress, Chicago
World's
New

i8

Dental

15
15
20

"

....

20

"

Ontario

Eastern

Selections

On

of Dental

82

P^acuities

171

Breathingnot the cause of Contracted

Dentists' Hygiene
the Management of Patients

Correspondence
The

76
76
169

Mouth
The

21

190

Association

Dental

Association

National

21

Jaws

and

High Vault.

119

Laboratory

22

Re-settingTeeth
How

50
112

23

shall I Advertise ?

23

Speech in Quacks

59

Plain
Abstracts

from

Journals

the

31, 127,

210

Obituaries

59j 92

Personals

63, 96

Reviews

30,

64, 96, 126,209

Miscellaneous
Editorials

94
:

Argenti Nitras

a TherapeuticAgent
City
Advertisingagain
A Cap that Fits
"

"

25
27

28

"

"

Code

of Ethics

That

"

29
60

"

Report
Proposed Amendments

What

24

as

Wonderful

The

will Canada

to

Do

the Dental

60

Act

93

Prosecutions

93

Old-Time
Journalism
Dental
Societies

SpecialNumber
Joys of Journalism
Advertisers
Bridge Work
Dental
of
Royal College
Surgeons
The
Dental
Collegeof the Province
Dr. A. H. Hippie
Arrogant Critics

94
126
174

The
"

204

"

Legislation

205
206
of

Quebec

208

to the Ontario Dental

Proposed Dental Amendments
the
Dental
Act
Amendments
to
Proposed
the Act RespectingDentistryin Ontario
An Act to Amend
Funny Legislation
Ontario Dental Society

Draft

207
208

of

Act.

...

46
47

89
109
112

ixs^--'

AAL

DOMINION

JOURNAL.

DENTAL
Vol.

TORONTO,

IV.

JANUARY,

County,

Nova

Academy

at

after

but

of ill health.

his

The

farm,

After

he

opened

same

of

with

formed

was

Cogswell

formed

Mass., which
to

He

city.

city,until
then

attention
1

he

returned
to

and

taking

to

Van

After

In

two

attended

of heart
Dr.

the

of

practice necessitated

he

and

Dr.

after
a

was

partnership

practitioner
In

and

retired,

T867
of

Mackay,

Dr.

Boston,

Cogswell repaired
College

of Dental

practisingsome

change

suc^

married

Buskirk

disease.

in

Boston,

practised

successful

L.

of

Portland, Maine,

1858, and

of Doctor

on

study

Philadelphia Dental

degree

Halifax, and

T.

when

years,

the

the

upon

Dr. Van

years

account

place (Falmouth)

Halifax,

Buskirk,a

on

great benefit

practice in Portland

his removal.

the

collegecourse,

study

which

Halifax, N.S., in

for two

received
to

of

entered

partnershipwith

continued

he attended
fifteen,

Parsons,

after died

soon

Philadelphia,and

that

to

Dr. Lawrence

ill health, and

of

Wakefield, Mass., where

removed

dentistry in that

from

in

previous to

year

Edwin

years'study

office

cessfullyuntil he
the

Alfred

removed.

Cornwallis, King's

spent with

were

years

in

abandon

to

Portland, Maine,

near

four

an

two

office of Dr.

the

dentistry in

the age

compelled

was

next

had

parents

1852.

he

born

was

the intention

Wolfville,with
years

i.

Cogswell.

At

Scotia, 1834.

two

his father's

C.

A.

Cogswell

Chipman

Alfred

No.

Communications.

Original
Dr.

1892.

rest, and

in

Surgery.

yeans,

close

he spent

DOMINION

winter

the

travellingthrough
from

steamer

After

five

to

years'practicehe

York, thence

New

obliged to

was

take

and

home

South,

trip out

which

added

to

his

health,and

via

again.

States, Florida, St. Augustine,and

practicewith renewed

resume

JOURNAL

West, California,iMcxico,

Francisco

San

visitingthe Southern
St. John River, all of
to

DENTAL

the

up

enabled

him

energy.

Dr.

Cogswell has applied himself closelyto his professionsince

of
1852, making in all thirty-nineyears in dentistry,thirty-three
has been in the cityof Halifax.
At the time Dr. Cogswell
which
obtained
his degree,there were
than twelve dentists pracnot
more
tising
in the Province
three who

had

of J^ova

degreesof

Scotia,and

M.D.

or

D.D.S.

not

Dr.

than

more

two

or

worked

Cogswell has

the

elevate

and, with others, tried to

profession,
secure
legislationfor the benefit of the professionas well as the
public. It is with no small degree of pleasurethat Dr. C. has,with
the aid of his professionalconfreres,at last secured
Act
an
to
incorporatethe Dental Association of the Province of Nova Scotia,
which
was
passed May 19th,1891, with power to form a Provincial
Dental
of Examiners,
of which
Board
Dr. Cogswell was
made
At the present time
Dr. Cogswell has associated with
President.
him his son, Arthur
W. Cogswell,M.D., D.D.S.,who, after practising
for four years, completed his studies in denand surgery
medicine
tistry,
and secured his degree of D.D.S.
and Dr. Cogswell and
son
His son, at the annual
still in practicein Halifax.
ing
meetnow
are

incessantlyto

of the Dental
be

hoped
as

hair has
with

In 1868

he

is

others
and

may

live many

there

were

are

It is to

only twelve

1891, there
some

practisingunder

certificates ;
license to

Several

of those

and
dentistry,

and

and,
activity,

years.

Scotia, and

odd, while

refused

as

for years, he is full of energy

gray

degrees. Now,
seventy

Vice-President.

fulness,
Cogswell may be spared years yet of usein his fifty-seventh
year, and, although his

now

of Nova

Province

made

that Dr. A. C.

been

care,

Association,was

while

not

persons
more

practising
dentistryin
than

two

or

three who

the
had

registeredunder the Dental Act

taken
have
thirty-five
degrees. The
the Act, having been
granted license

some

are

twelve

or

fourteen

have

been

as
they have not complied with the Act.
practice,
have studied medicine
who have registered
well
as
it may
therefore qualified,
as
are
yet be required,

for all to be in time

to

come.

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

Ethics.
A

Paper

read

before

Annual

the

Meeting,

By

Scotia

Nova

a. C.

Cogswell, D.D.S.,

President^ Dental

First,What
defines

it as

outline

or

is ethics ?
"

The

skeleton

their

Association,at

Dental

Halifax,September 30th, 1891.

at

Board

of

Examiners.

definition

The

given in our
duty." This may

science

of moral

of the

word, but

the

know

to

dictionaries

give

us

an

of moral

science

impress and force within one's self,it becomes

to analyze its true
meaning, and to examine, so as to
necessary
what
this science of moral
discover, if possible,
duty consists of;
what are its principal
constituents and elementary principles
; how
in life,
and
most
they may be applied to every one
especiallyto
the individual
of our
dental
members
profession; and if it is
that
to possess these elements
man
possiblefor every professional
make
code, and, having this within
himself, to
up this moral
live up to its moral
honestly and conscientiously
teachings and
of moral duty.
principles
On analysis,
it becomes
we
find,first,
requisiteto be possessed
of a conscience
God
and
one, if possible, void of offence toward
small spark of the image of our
man," one that has, at least,some
Creator,that may be fanned into actual life and brought to know
and that "An
honest
that,at least, Honesty is the best policy,"
duty,

to

feel its

"

"

"

is the noblest

man

work

"

of God."

'Tis man's
Makes

What

on

to

nobler

health

conscience

existence, no
spiritual
us

countless

is life without

is life without

inhumanity

deeds

to

millions

? is often

No

man

mourn."

conscience

no
principle,
and higher and

So

asked.
:

conscientious
nobler

no

without
act

and

Dental

food

to

thought
Cosmos

sustain
of
for

our

life.
life ;

June

has

Conscience

this,too, in
as

moral

life,
no
to

urge

motives, to lift us up
find,therefore,to its

should
our

ask. What

stimulus

higher plane than self. Conscience, we

full capacity,is the first and
principalelement
science of moral duty. We
can
not exist without
to

we

that

covers

it,no

more

enter

into

this
than
every

dailyprofession.The

follows,under

"

The

Ethics

of

DOMINION

Work":

"There

"

without

is

DENTAL

instruments.

Just

than

more

of

The

cheapest.

in

loses

its power,

well-beingand

progress.

never

"

moral

as

those

force.

who

It

transactions.

cuts

and

that

has

make

solid

in

in

out

comes

It adds

human

to

and circulates
results,

better,and

men

the

eye.' The greenest

the best things are
the
soon
enough to prevent
done in loyaltyto duty

reward.

sure

It stands

helps to

work

"

stand

in the

come

work

genuine

upon

not

flaw

or

make

does

better

it."

do

Yes, gentlemen
within

not

may

Good

come.

will

do

to

brains

without

peels off,the

Httle while

knowledge

fraud,but it does

do

can

kind

any

timber,the bad needle

finds out

afford

can

required in all human

methods,
upon legitimate

veneering cracks, the whitewash

customer

he

one

is

measure

is based
Legitimate success
standards.
Rickety work

the unsound

which

in
[)ursuit

no

conscience, any

JOURNAL

it the

; what

in ethics is conscience

which

has

honesty,fair dealing,patience,kindness,
unselfishness,sincerityand loyalty to duty, and a gentleman
outside

elements

want

we

of all

conscientious

these,which

and
as

science

fail to be if he possess

he cannot

elements.

Let

be

motto

our

members

pledge ourselves,as
moral

of

member

or

Let

us

Association,to live up to this

that,as professionalmen
principles,

and

confrere

Excelsior."

of this

practiseits
to sufferinghumanity, we
as
specialists
science of moral duty. Let it be done

brother

"

these

of

practisemorality
rightspirit. If a

may
in

Association

our

fails to

act

in

professionalethics and acknowledged principles,

code of moral
our
or violates
duty, let us unite and reclaim our
brother ; help him
feel that, conscientiously,
to
morally and
he cannot
continue
to degrade himself
or
ethitistically,
disgracethe
aid, Do unto others as we would
profession
; and thus,by mutual

accordance

with

"

that others

should

lives, I shall pass

thing,therefore,that I

being,let

human

it,for I shall
than
Let

not

do, or

can

do

me

pass

it

this world
any

this way

but

me

again."

not

Any

once.

that I

kindness
Let

now.

said, in reference

has

writer

defer it

"Actions

good

show

can

to

to

neglect

or

speak

louder

words."
no

in

one

another, or

have

ill-becomes

any

called

through

our

any

us."

do unto

"

such

names

ranks

our

occasion
who
as

have
to

occasion

remind

him

to

of

point the finger to

his moral
duty. It

practisedentistryat the present

humbugs, quacks, or charlatans.

time

to

While

be
it

ORIGINAL

COMMUNICATIONS

in the past, we
hope for better thingsof
appliedto some
in the province of Nova
Scotia
at least
at the
those
practising
have charityfor all,and feel that all will come
We
present time.
who are
men
as
into line,and work
worthy of the
conscientiously
profession.
headed
of the Dental Journal,
An
editorial in the July number
of the curious phases
It is one
Quack," may be read justhere :
of professional
morality or, rather,immorality that,while there
labor for the professional
who
are
men
zealouslyand unselfishly

have

may

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

good, and

majority who

their shoulders

to

desire

the wheel, there

progress,

but

also

small

are

who

do

not

minorityof

put
men

in the ranks of the quack, simply

deliberately
put themselves
For this reason,
because they believe that honesty does not pay.
they cast aside all the decencies and ethics of professionallife,
from membership in respectable
and
exclude themselves
societies,
fasten the stigma of
trusting to the
quack to their reputation,
Our Canadian
of the publicfor what they call success.
gullibility
cities have never
yet given long life to this class of fraudulent
who

'

but
practitioners,

of medical

matters

on

dental

and

the

treatment

publicare easilydeceived. 'A lie,'

says Thackeray,'once set agoing,
having the breath of life breathed into it by the father of lying,
and ordered to run its diabolical littlecourse, lives with a prodigious
When
thus deliberately
blackens
his own
etc.
a
man
vitality,'
character
and
that
ambition, he need not wonder
professional
take him
value.
There
has
at his own
respectablepractitioners
of a truly worthy
record
never
yet been a single instance on
man
professional
using false and boastingmethods of advertising.
who resorts to this degrading system has all the instincts
A man
of a quack."
Gentlemen, brothers
Association

is only

we

steer

To

the young

soul
redeem

Leave

Nova

Youth

is the time

look for much.

we

you

of the

bark

our

and

the past.

old.

year

well to avoid
of the

men

honest

one

work
Be

Scotia

It is

hidden

doing ;

to train the young.

shoals

and

look for

professionwc
and

aim

you

to

have

after may

"

"

Still achieving,stillpursuing.
Learn

to

labor and

to

wait."

; look

untold

Our
to

it,

dangers.

help. Put heart,

do
something to

hearts for any

the sands of time,'that

on
footprints
be encouraged to press on,
'

your

Association,to

launched
fairly

into action, and

up

Dental

others

fate.

following

DOMINION

Gold

as

R. E.

Much

Material

JOURNAL

for

Filling Teeth.

Si'yXKKS,
Kingston, Onl.
]".1).S.,

been, and

has

materials

DENTAL

is

being

written

the

upon

subject of
Owing to

of teeth.
adapted for the successful filling
their malleability,
lead and tin were
used with considerable
success
before
so
now
gold in its present forms and the plasticfillings,
popular,were
prepared.
is
Gold was
the next
material which came
into general use, and
said to have been used at a very earlydate.
But only during the
present century has the operation of preservingthe natural teeth,
of filling
the cavities made
by means
by decay,been very generally
performed with any marked
degree of success.
the old operators
So wedded
to gold,as a filling
material, were
of the present generation,
that it became
with them, that
axiom
an
worth filling
which was
worth
with gold.
at all was
a tooth
filling
The
who dared to suggest that plasticmaterial might be used
man
charlatan.
to advantage in certain cases
was
set down
as
a crank
or
the other then known
materials.
Gold possessed advantages over
Lead
and tin were
worn
soft, and consequentlybecame
by
away
the friction of mastication.
Their dull color showing through thin
enamel

best

walls
and

dense

gave

and

of

Practice

material

in the

the permanent
Gold

late

as

discolored

the

edition

It also retained

as

non-cohesive

the

cavity,requiredretainingpits or
which
The
contour
fillings,
wholly unknown.
operators, were
Arthur

wrote

1857, and

1871 of

of

treatise

demonstrated

"

on

the

The

use

of

"

should

in

grooves

It

the

was

of adhesive

of
applicability

its color

"

and

be

to

Principles
It is the only
employed for

be

retained

almost

pride

not

was

Harris'

gold :

and,
foil,

are

Gold

appearance.

the author says

Dentistry,"
opinionof the author which
of teeth."
filling

first used

was

fricton well.

withstood

brilliancy.So

teeth

the

of

all directions.
so

until Dr.

foil,"as

this form

in

of

many

Robert
late

gold
general.

as

in

If
at all
teeth, that the use of cohesive foil became
filling
used as
material when
gold was found to be such a valuable filling
non-cohesive
only,what may be said of its value in its cohesive
one
wall, well
a
form, when
walls, or even
cavity having two

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

grooved,will

the whole

even

or

retain

? or
filling

crown,

may

when

tooth

be restored

having

to its proper

lost

part,
and

contour

articulation ?
wild

gold as a filling
material, and held the opinion that gold only should be used,
and say gold should
others have gone
never
to the other extreme,
condemn
be used.
Some
who once
lauded gold up to the sky,now
who
it. A prominent dentist of Philadelphia,
was
a
once
great
No
of gold, now,
his cards,
advocate
it is said, has printed upon
While
it is wise to profitby the experiencesof others,
gold used."
then
We
what are we
evidence ?
must
to do with such conflicting
of our
draw upon the evidence
own
experience. Let us look at the
Dr. Jas. H.
heard
requirements of a varietyof cavities. I once
Harris,of Baltimore, clinical professorof the dental department of
the Universityof Maryland, say, of the relative merits of cohesive
and non-cohesive
gold foil, It is impossiblefor an operator to do
justiceto himself or his patients by confining himself to the
while

But

some

have

men

gone

over

"

"

exclusive

of either form."

use

I would

.say the same,

from

my

own

is presented: A
A case
experience of gold vs. other materials.
central
incisor,healthy patient,good tooth, pulp well covered,
for retention ; that case
calls for gold. Another
plenty of room
central incisor,
case
: A
patientvery delicate,of lymphatic temperament,
of tooth thin, labial and
enamel
palatinewalls gone, tooth
extremely sensitive ; that tooth calls for some
preparationof gutta
percha or zinc. Another case : A cavityon the posteriorapproxi-

mal

surface

the

use

of

of

molar

; ifthe condition

of the tooth would

warrant

metal

that case
demands
at all,
filling
amalgam. In
that positionthe discoloration of amalgam would
be an
not
tion,
objecand a more
could be made
than could be made
perfectfilling
of gold in the same
less fatigueto both
and with much
position,
a

patient and operator.

To

sum

withstand

up.
the

The

advantages of gold are

friction

of

mastication

density,enabling it to
well.
Indestructibility,
:

Cohesiveenablingit to withstand the action of ordinarysolvents.

the contour
and articulation of parts of
ness, enabling it to restore
teeth which
have been destroyed. Adaptability,
permittingit
may
to be
so
closelypacked to the walls of a cavity that moisture
Retention
of color,neither becoming discolored
may be excluded.
the tooth.
nor
discoloring

DOMINION

DENTAL

JOURNAL

Its

disadvantages arc : its color, making it a very conspicuous

filling.Its conductivity,
making it an unsafe material with which
to fill a cavity,having an
exposed pulp,which is very sensitive.
Its inadaptability,
to insert,
for,to adapt it
making it fi) Tedious
be inserted bit by bit.
perfectlyto the walls of a cavity,it must
(2) Expensive, because, for his time, rather than for the material
u.sed,does the operator expect remuneration.
(3) Leaky, becau.se
cavities often present themselves
which
it is next
to impossible to
fill perfectlywith gold, owing to their inaccessibility,
or
to the
with which
has not seen
difficulty
they may be kept dry. Who
largecompound approximal surface cavities in bicuspidsor molars,
but which
were
containingapparently fine gold fillings,
leaky at
the cervical wall ?
Such a filling
is patched with gold with much
than the originalcavitywas
and with much
more
filled,
difficulty
more
Therefore, I would recommend
uncertaintyof success.
gold
for front teeth of good quality,and
for back
the
teeth, where
cavities are small and
I consider
easilyreached ; for,in such cavities,
the advantages to counterbalance
the disadvantages of gold
as

material.
filling

Dental

Distilled.

Dots

Ont.
By D. V. Beacock, L.D.S.,Brockville,

To

make

nice

wax

last fifteen years

pieces of glass cut

about
an

old

ten

inches

oyster

can

sheets,I have
After

the

the width

long.
will

used
is

wax

you

want

the

followingplan for the

properly cleaned, get four
to

have

Any deep vessel,such

serve

to

melt

the

wax.

your
as

sheets,and

dinner

pail,or

the

pieces of

Put

is melted, take two

the wax
glassin a pail of cold water, when
in each
one
hand, and dip alternately,
piecesof the glass,one
cient,
coolingwhile you dip the other ; about three or four dips is suffitill
Let these two
remain
then
drop into the cold water.
manner.
By trimming the
dip the other two in the same
you
edges off the glasswith a knife the sheets will drop off themselves.
If the wax
is kept too hot the sheets will be too
thin,if too cold
they will be lumpy and thick ; near the settingor coolingpoint is
the proper
A
turpentine
tablespoonfulof Venice
temperature.
should be
will toughen it. This
to three or four pounds of wax

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

evaporatedto dryness like

drug

in this form.

stores

it at

to have

wish

of soda, and
of

It will

one

This

water.

be obtained

sometimes

can

of nitrate
and add two ounces
your wax
of sulphuricacid diluted with one
gill

ounce

should

sheets.

bleach it and cleanse

can

you

in

if used

even

answer

fine wax

extra

operation. Melt

one

It

the purpose
it is the tougher will be the wax

thin,but the thicker

If you

resin.

be added

the

slowly,at

time

same

stirring

pipe-stemor glassrod. It is then cooled and set aside after

well
the wax
Wash
the vessel with hot or
filling
boilingwater.
with boilingwater
and the whole process is completed.
of iron is such a valuable stypticthat
A solution of perchloride
with

office should

dental

no

To

clean
the

third

chloroform

chloroform

free

well with

wheel

cut

to

dissolves the

Too

as

much

mixing

it.

and

wax

the

removes

when

the stone

attention
for

cements

that

out

alcohol

is

oil that

accidentally
gets

much

leaves

shellac,and

The

better.

the

one-

on

the

corundum

new.

was

be

cannot

alcohol,

into

two-thirds

and

the alcohol

it.

dip a piece of cloth

I have
latelyfound

wheels

corundum

wash

stone

be without

given to

fillingteeth, and

the temperature, when

for other

even

purposes.

the process of setting

Remember, that heat hastens,and cold retards,
and

crystallization.
Very often it is the littlehint
which

mountain

proves

or

where,
suggestion that we read somecritical
of help to us
at some

moment.

will

Amalgam
Too

ever

contract, depending

on

how

it is mixed.

it to shrink and discolor ; if on the concauses

trary
mercury
it is mixed
dry,it will not shrink or discolor nearlyso much.
that

fullyone-third

graduated in

be said of many
Beer is much
and

or

much

It is said
are

expand

I would

the United

States fail.

of the dental
better

add, that

to

of all the

mix

it is the

By

medical

students

the way, the

same

that
may

students.
sand

than

with

only use

to

water

which

any

for

moulding,

dentist should

put it.
Metal

fifteen

for
ounces

ingots for
rubber

castinglower plates. Take

of tin

future

attachments

use.

melt

and

Keeps
nicely; can

stir till

one

thoroughlymixed,

its color
be

of bismuth

ounce

well,and

run

vulcanizes

improved by adding

and
into
with
little

silver if desired.
The

work

of the dentist is often

expected to

be

infallible.

It is

DOMINION

lo

not

an

ten

years, and

thing

uncommon

be put

DKNrAI.

then

for

if a tooth

JOURNAL
to

person

happens

wear

plate for

off,demand

to come

five

or

that it

free of

in point: a woman
into
came
charge. A case
with a longvisagehanded
her plate,
with the remark,
me
my office,
I have broken
eating mashed
my plate; yes, it broke while I was
so
potatoes, and I am
very careful not to eat anythinghard ; oh ! I
on

"

am

careful."

very

broken

"

platecome

Why," said she,

"And
years ago?"
"

Well, madam,

think
asked.

"

got mine
with

have

to

you

not

charge

cost
me

you made
my
she hasn't broken

mouths

you

remember,

broken

never

Because
and

How

it ; don't

made

you

it has

ought

you

like to
.sorry ; I never
long have you had

"

into the office.

"

"

Well," I said, I am

see

it?"

.seventeen

it before?"

"No."

much."
No, but I don't
you
for mending them."
I
"Why?"
"

sister

her's yet !

years before I
There
are
others,

three

set
"

impossiblefor any
dentist to adapt a set of teeth to them, although he may
try again
and again to do it,who very generouslyoffer not to trouble him
if he will kindly refund them
their money.
any more
It is fearful to contemplatethe number
of livingteeth that are
ruined everywhereby the reckless use and abuse of the zinc plastics.
I wonder
if dentists ever
stop to consider what they are using,and
what may
be the result of plastering
up a sensitive tooth with zinc
without proper care.
Oxide
of zinc contains a largepercentage of
so

unfavorable,that

arsenite of zinc, and

it is almost

this is insoluble

in

solution

chloride

of zinc.

acid in the form of chloride of

hydrochloric
if we
arsenic.
Now
nearly exposed,without
cap a pulp, or one
careful protection,
what is going to be the result ? There will very
likelybe a funeral,and you may justas well put it down in your
Zinc also connotebook.
tains
Sleepingnicelynow, but will die sure.
Arsenic

also abounds

in

of
iron,copper, lead,tin,arsenic and carbon, etc. How
many
know
what we
to know
care
or
are
us
using ? Oxyphosphate and
oxychlorideof zinc are undoubtedly two of the most useful articles,

used,
carelessly
properlyused, that we
possess ; but, when
they are capableof doing terrible damage to livingteeth.
A littlespirits
of camphor, dropped into a wine
glass of water,
while taking impressions; let the
will sometimes
prevent nausea
patientrinse out the mouth justpreviousto insertingthe cup.
Don
Quixote said to Sancho, "you must know that a mouth
is not
without grindersis like a mill without stones, and a diamond
so
preciousas a tooth."
when

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

Case

of

By C.

VV.

i r

Dentition.

Interrupted Second

D.D.S., Waterloo, Ont.

Wells,

girl fourteen years of age presented

found
it
herself for treatment.
examination,
was
Upon
that the right central incisor,right lateral and
right cuspid were
missing. The remaining permanent teeth of the upper jaw were
About

in

eighteen months

normal

enough
when

been

to

the

patientwas seven
the exact
time),the

student
ranks

the
and
position,
receive the missing

extracted
of
of

extracted

at

them

book
"

to

vacant

space

teeth.

Upon

agents

or

has

(may

bearded
since
the

for the

room

wide

than

more

was

that

inquiry,I found
(she had
younger
who

man

gotten
forall

had

teeth

deciduous

six anterior

who

make

of age

years

time, by

one

but
dentistry,

the

ago,

then

was

repented and joined the

public be thankful). He
new

The

ones," he said.

thickened, and as there

rightside,was very much
that
was
a hard
bony plateunder the gum tissue,it was concluded
the missing teeth were
require surgical
imprisoned, and would
assistance to bring them
alveolus was
cut
into position. The
out
to a considerable
depth,and here the points of the missing
away

alveolus,on

the

teeth

found.

were

Further

cutting of

the

alveolus

the

around

indulged in, and into the space thus made was inserted
a roll of cotton
dipped in a lo^ solution of carbolic acid. In a
week the parts were
againopened up and carbolized cotton inserted
crowns

as

was

before.

teeth had
seen

every

three teeth

At
made

the
some

end

of the
progress

week, and progress

had

second
towards

week

it

was

eruption.

seen

The

that
case

noted,and in about six months

the
was

the.se

fullyerupted,but were
right
very irregular.The
central came
and presented
through inside of its normal
position,
The cuspid was
twisted
to the front its disto-approximalsurface.
and crowded
out of the arch
by the lateral,which leaned toward
the first biscupid. A largespace was
thus left between
the central
and lateral. Platina bands, to which
small
soldered
were
gold
cemented
hooks, were
to the teeth to be regulatedand to the right
firstmolar.
of small rubber
these
bands slipped over
By means
into proper
hooks, the teeth were
gradually moved
position. A
for several months.
This consisted
retainingappliancewas worn
to the teeth,a stiff gold wire
simply of platinabands, cemented

DOMINION

12

having

soldered

been

I have

to

DENTAL

these

JOURNAL

bands

previousto

their final

ment.
adjust-

the young

lady several times since her dismissal,

the once
imprisoned and regulated teeth are as useful,and,
artistic point of view, as becoming as the others,and seem
an
the worse
for their late and somewhat
enforced
eruption.

and
from
none

seen

Thirty-six Teeth
Geo.

By
I

read

item

an

by J. W.

McDonald,

in

Set.

L.D.S., Carleton

in the

Place, Ont.

Items

November

of Interest, written

Greene, P.D., Chillicothe,Mo., statinghe knows

who

has

ago

I met

natural
thirty-six
similar

morning

have

to

case

time
Some
perfectin form.
Bryson, Que. A gentleman called one

teeth
at

tooth

man

and

which

removed

him

annoying

was

on

of

being loose,and, on examination, I found that he had

teeth,justas perfectin form and arch arrangement as any
thirty-six
I have ever
The
consisted
set of thtrty-two
seen.
surplus number
of molars, the four being as perfectlyformed
the others,and
as
account

about

the average

from
not

found

It

was

of those

one

he

remaining three free

present he lives at Portage du Fort, Que. Was
teeth until I told him.
First and only
thirty-six

it free from
At

caries.

he had

aware

I have

case

teeth.

removed, the left superior. After the operationI examined

wanted
it and

size of wisdom

ever

caries ; also found

the

seen.

Cocaine.

By
Cocaine

American
on

D.M.D., L.D.S., Montreal.

F. A. Stevenson,

is the
shrub

the eastern

alkaloid

called

obtained

Erythroxylon

slopesof the Andes

leaf resembles
bitter taste, and

the

tea

is used

leaf in

by

the

from

the

coca,

which

in Peru

shape,and

has
as

of

is found

Chili.

and

both

natives

leaves

chiefly

The

coca

astringent and

an
a

South

medicine

and

stimulant.
The

alkaloid, when

prisms,of

pure,

bitter taste, and

occurs

is

in

the

form

only slightlysoluble

of
in

transparent
water,

but

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

readilyin ether, and

dissolves

several salts of cocaine

which

has

It

anaesthesia.

began

to

minutes

the

the

it between

Very

most

the

allow

to

reported,such

were

of

I know

very

as

The

hydroproducing local
about
1884, principally

for

the

teeth.

The

to
effect,

take

the

extract

disagreeableconstitutional
cramps

in the

teeth

extremities,or fainting.
extracted

were

under

partialparalysisof the tongue

lasted for three
days, and then gradually wore
natural revulsion
a
against a drug which acted
followed,and its general use in the extraction of

which
course,

been

given

few

had

the

occurred
off
so

Of

ciously
capri-

teeth has

dentists,however, still continue

late Dr. Whitten, of

The

cocaine.

up.

tooth.

symptoms

of cocaine, and

influence

usual

the gum

to

several

in which

case

to

severe

coca

(many, also,injected
tooth),then, after waiting for five

the

cocaine

with

cases

soon

solution

of

wine

nerves.

of

of extraction

and

gum

the

on

are

hydrochlorate(or

is also

; there

generally
used by dentists

be

4^

the

"

There

alcohol.

in

used

pain

apply

to

was

course

medicine

hydrobromate

salt

deaden

to

in

stimulating effect

very

is the

chlorate

fairlywell

used

citrate and

the
muriate),

13

to

use

and
Boston, used it extensively,

unpleasant after-effects. He used

and injected3TT|^
a very
strong solution of the hydrochlorate(20%),
into the socket of the tooth to be extracted, making three injections
then
sides (V\ into each). He
into as many
extracted
at once,
without
allowingany time to elapsebetween the last injectionand
Whitten's
the extraction.
theory was, that the very small quantity
of cocaine injected,
and extractingimmediately,
prevented the
alkaloid from
in a quantitysufficient to produce
being absorbed

claimed

to

never

have

I have

effects.

constitutional

any

found

the anaesthetic

effect from

this

it in

successful,
only partially
perhaps because I have only used
where
the patientwas
in a state of panic and afraid to
cases

take

H2 O.

method

As

appliedto

it does

not
to

which

is

In the

seem

one

more

useful.

care

is taken

mouth.

dentine,cocaine

able to penetrate the

is

dentine

it requirestwenty
authority,
time

than
of

most

of

us

would

practically
useless,as
to any depth. According

minutes

care

to

to

take

effect,

spend.

devitalized pulps,cocaine is really

partially
be used
It may
if
freelyin the strongest solutions,
from
to prevent any
or
being swallowed
gettinginto

benumbing

very

the

sensitive

DOMINION

14

F'or

DENTAL

JOURNAL

mysterious reason,

drugs applied to the pulp of a fully

tooth are not apparently absorbed
formed
in the system.
permanent
before it has
By the use of cocaine, the pulp may be removed
become
decomposed, and has stillenough consistence to enable the
brooch
to withdraw
the pulp as a whole
instead of piecemeal.
nerve
The
out
and filled,
without
fear
pulp cavity may be easilywashed
some

of any

found

I have

followingsuccessful

the

of two

treatment

molars

much

as

First

:
"

from

of the cocaine

any
as

afterwards.

soreness

being

which
possible,

in every
the

apply

swallowed.

does

not

Then

the

majority of cases,

rubber

cause

except in the

case,

very

dam

to

prevent
the

uncover

much

pain
exposed

somewhat

pulp

in the

from
pulp being already
-decay. If the surface of the pulp is extremely sensitive,apply
of the crystalsof the cocaine
leave them
there
to it,and
some
while

hydrochlorateready.
the point ground down,

gettingyour

should

have

drawn,

so

cocaine

had

be

that it may

used

should

be

bent

in

and

of the

needle

the temper

direction.

any

20%

least

at

The

The

should

be

solution

of

It is best

strong.

syringe

to

keep

the solution as
it
supply of the hydrochlorate on hand, and make
minims.
is required,for it decomposes in a few days. Injecttwo
This will cause
ing
an
unpleasant sensation for a moment, not amountto pain. If there is still some
feelingin the pulp, on applying
the

brooch, repeat the

nerve

the

destroyed,and
of the

removal

which, however,
and

out

tooth

filled at

of immediate
The

two

troublesome
the
roots

be

soon
once.
an

may

that
root-filling
molars

of

the

hypodermic syringe,and
seemed

to

sensation

will be

prevent

the

removed.

anything to do with.
above
as
being unsuccessful
of getting at them
difficulty

I have

mentioned

account

on

the

Immediately after the

there will be a considerable
haemorrhage,
the
be washed
then
pulp cavity may
stops ;
The
whole
operation may be done, and the
method
hour, and it is the most
satisfactory

pulp

nerve

within
filled,

when
injection,

also

had

the

cocaine

narrowness

from

taking

of

the

effect

were

with

buccal
on

the

of
It is important,in order to protect the needle
pulp in them.
it in clear H2 O immediately after
the hypodermic syringe,to wash
the steel.
to corrode
operation,as the solution of cocaine seems
of the
to any
If anything that I have said should
prove of use
gentlemen here,the objectof this littlepaper will have been attained.
the

OF

Proceedings

of Dental

at the

report of the discussions

in time

been

if it had

for this number

jumbled and mixed that

whole manuscript. This
has nothing else to do.

It

Societies.

meeting in

Barrie reached

fit for insertion ; but

it is necessary
is

15

Society.

Dental

Ontario

The

SOCIETIES

DENTAL

PROCEEDINGS

to

and

revise

us

it is

re-write

so

the

hardly the duty of an editor,unless he

until the next
will delay its appearance

issue.

By Frank
The

first Annual

Province

of Nova

D.D.S., Secretary-Treasurer

Woodbury,

of

Meeting
Scotia

Association.

Dental

Scotia

Nova

Dental

the

opened

was

on

Association

of

the

Wednesday, September

30th, at 9.30 a.m., at the Y. M. C. A. Hall, Halifax.

The
President, Dr. A. J. McKenna,
occupied the chair, and

opened

the

meeting

Gentlemen,
"

with

whom

we

It
are

Scotia Dental
such

an

I wish

me

very

associated
At

followingaddress

in

"

great pleasure to
a

simJlar

work,

meet

with

as

your

in this my
thank
you

so

many

similar aims

this, the first regularmeeting of the Nova

Association,I feel very incompetent

address

bear with

the

gives me

similar desires.

and

with

deserves, but
intelligence

to

present you

I know

you

will

first effort.

heartilyfor the confidence and trust

imposed by placingme in this positionof duty and of honor, for I
can
assure
you I feel it such to-day.
Ever since the beginning of my practicein dentistry,
I have felt
the need of some
institution which would
bring us together,for an
of
exchange of thought on the different branches of our profession,
our

of

office

to

very

and for social intercourse.

incidents,

gaining new

knowledge

as

well

as

This

was

with

keeping brightand

view

polished

DOMINION

i6

the

DENTAL

received

instruction

JOURNAL

in the

collegecourse.
"College instruction
often falls short in practicalizin^
is taught." How
what
much
hear in lectures which
the professorswould
even
ncA
theory we
is needed
is better dentists,
most
attempt to practice. What
of them."
rather than more
This must
be one
ciation
objectof this Assothis objectbe best attained ? This Association
can
; and how
is not
school ; but, in some
a
or
I
post-graduatecourse
measure,
results. "An
ideal post-graduate
hope it may bring about the same
school is a societyholding frequent meetings and clinics." You
"

this to

think

may

adopt,but

where

"

method

low

too

here

meet

we

and

be

standard

for mutual

is the educator

to

benefit,for mutual

improvement,
?"
room
By
as
by seeing operaeffectually
tions

equal to

be

for this Association

the clinic

taught so
in them
ourselves?
If no better
performed and by assisting
for receivingand
method
be shown,
imparting instruction can
future meetings have an hour or more, as may
be
not at our
we
can
expedient,devoted to clinical purposes ?
what

can

before,better dentists

I said

As

which

of the motives
to

adopt

six

we

lectures

covering the

in

should

own

our

dentists who

associate
formed

that

not

fruitless
three

one

efforts)

years, with

exhaustive

Dental

tions
yearly examinaholding quarterlyor

unions

in

New

complete facilities for clinics would be at

afford such facilities),
under the management
supply every need of a post-graduateschool

Then, too, the reports of these clinics,furnished

borders,w-ould be more
interestingto our

better way.

within

from

neighbors(after
many
dental studentshipto

each, and

course

Was

meetings, where

of efficient men,
and

in

(Halifax should

hand

our

of

extension

an

months'

biennial

led

needed.

are

failed to attend.

Brunswick

and

could

hold

Prince

If Dental
Edward

Associations

Island,with

are

Nova

specialunions from which much

knowledge must be gained by the weaker, and the stronger
practical
kindlier feeling
be benefited by imparting. Beside, a much
would
us.
must, through such intercourse,springup and thrive among
I would
And
harmony and
just say, that I trust the same
now,
unity of spiritmay characterize this meeting as was notably felt at
Scotia, these

our

former

prepared
The

three

I feel that

convention.
in

business

consideration.

some

way

to

be

The

to

assist in

we

all must

making

this

done, I trust, will receive

papers

to

be read

have

come

meeting
your

will be of such

most
an

here
success.

careful
order

as

OF

PROCEEDINGS
will merit

strict

our

SOCIETIES

DENTAL

attention,and what

must

17

receive

our

deepest

sections of
study is the reconstruction or revisingof one or more
our
Act, to insure the complete working of it,so that there
dental.
be no friction in its machinery. And, in conclusion,I wish to.
can
thank you for your kind attention and patience.
The

:
reported the followingprogramme
illustrated by clinics,
"Preservation
of
be read
and
and
Pain," "Filling Roots
Teeth," "Reflex
Bridge

Executive

Papers

to

Deciduous

Work,"
Much

"

Committee

Orthodontia."
time

was

consumed

in the

adoption of by-laws,and

pleting
com-

of the Association,after which the officers

organization
elected : Dr. A. J. McKenna,
President ;
for the ensuing year were
A. W.
Dr. F. W.
Cogswell, 2nd
Rj^an, ist Vice-President
; Dr.
Vice-President
Woodbury, Secretary.
; Dr. Frank
elected to provideprogramme
for
An Executive
Committee
was
instructed to spare no efforts
the next
Annual
Meeting,and were
both
and
instructive.
The
to provide a
interesting
programme
meeting was adjourned until Thursday morning. On Wednesday
the

afternoon,at
Session.

The

the Provincial Dental

o'clock,
members

are

as

follows

Board

held

its Annual

Dr. A. C.

dent
Cogswell,PresiJ. A. Merrill,Dr.

Woodbury, Dr. C. K. Fiske, Dr.

Geo. Hyde, Dr. M. P. Harrington,Dr. Fred. Primrose, and
Dr.
Frank
Woodbury, Secretary-Registrar.
On Thursday morning at 9.30 o'clock,
the Association
The
met.
morning session was occupied with the discussion of dental ethics.
followed
Dr. A. C. Cogswell read a forcible paper on the subject,
A committee
was
by a spiriteddiscussion.
appointed to draft a
code of ethics and report at the next Annual
ing
Meeting. The meetthen adjourned.
The next
Annual
Meeting will probably be held in Kentville.
which
characterized the meeting is a pleasant
The
enthusiasm
in the Province.
prophecy for the future of the profession
During the years past a strong individual effort on the part of a
of dentists,has resulted at last in a thorough legalorganinumber
zation
of the profession. It is pleasingto see the largenumber
of
who are ready to put their energiesinto this work, and
men
young
that shall claim the respect of the
on
a footing
placethe profession
of men
public. The Dental Law is working well. The number
are
sixty-four.
registerednow
;

Dr. H.

r8

DOMINION

DKNTAL

JOURNAL

Several

delinquentswere
reported to the Dental Board.
They
will be promptly dealt with.
The
for
without
penalties
practising
are
so
registration
heavy,that one example will probably.suffice for
a
long time to come.
The
Dominion
Dental
Journal is made the official organ of
the Association.

N.S., October 6th, iSqi.

Halifax,

New

The

second

1891.

There

Dental

Society.

annual

held

Society was

Brunswick

was

all in the Province

Dental
Brunswick
meeting of the New
the second
in St. John, on
Tuesday in August,
in fact,nearly
of dentists,
a
largerepresentation
were

In the absence

present.

of the

President,

McAvenney, St. John, Dr. B. H. Torrens, Fredericton,

Vice-President,presided. After the reading and adopting of the
of the preceding meeting, the address
of the President,
Minutes
In the
read
Dr.
McAvenney, was
by the presidingchairman.
dwelt
the advantages to be gained by a
address the President
on
in
collegetrainingcompared with the old system of apprenticeship
in the science of dentistr}within
dentistry. The great advance
the past fiftyyears were
noted, and the enlargement of the field
for the dental
professionby the increasingpremature decay of
referred to
teeth.
He
and
the delegates,
very heartilywelcomed
which
the Society would
be called on
matters
to deal with
some
trusted that the work
done
He
by the Society would be for the
and would
at large,
tend to arouse
the
good of mankind
among
for their noble profession.
members
a
greater enthusiasm
Dr. C. A. Murray read the report of the Secretary-Treasurer.
Professor
Napoleon Ashley, the king of dentists,"had been
twice prosecutedduring the year for illegal
practice.
Dr. J. M. Magee, St. John, reported on behalf of the Committee
on
By-laws. The report was taken up section by section,discussed,
few amendments,
resolved
that
and, with some
adopted. It was
the dental law and by-laws of the Society be printedand placed in
Dr.

A. F.

"

the hands

"

of the

"

members, and

that

any

amendments

to

the

law

OF

PROCEEDINGS

dental

the

have

resolution

Governor

be

the

Smith,

and

Council.

which

committee

election

McAvenney,

St.

John

in

hold

annual

August, 1892,

for
as

the next

other

some

C.

A.

there

the

held

their

routine.

All

the

Murray,

Secretary
report

financial

Registrar

standing,
who

register,with

only

from

It

was

do

moved

not, after

after
law.

the
Dr.

accepted.

date

of

Carried.

the

read

and

two

office

of

present

unless

chair.

being duly

notified

notice, they may

be

Tuesday
read
well

clinics,as

and

After

that

and

John,
were

was

Moncton
St.

Magee,

John.
the

in

was

practising

names

The

The

adopted.

on

the

good

in

the

dental

resignation of
read

was

appointed
qualifiedto

by Registrar, within
proceeded

St.

McAvenney,

Registrar

was

the

through

Society

were

their

Dental

reading minutes,

the

who

of

Murray,

exceptions.

who

F.

decided

was

went

Drs.

Chatham

Secretary
those

A.

Dr.

Council

and

Woodstock,

St.

It

instructive

meeting

all those

Godsoe,

with,

proceeded

the second

his report, which

three

or

by

Governor

the

COUNCIL.

qualified,had

were

F. A.
that

that

White, Sussex

profession.

encouraging, showing

very

Province, and

Magee

in

following

interesting papers

and

the

Sangster,Sackville;

Society, the

Sproule,

Camber,

President,

and

was

the

were

The
;

on

some

THE

annual

members

Torrens, Fredericton
Dr.

OF

second

Sussex

White,

be

of the

of

ment
amend-

then

Moncton,

will

meeting

Surgeons
John

in

interesting work

to

any

Moncton.

Murray,

That

"

frame

following : President,

important

some

John,

by

Moncton

was

following

third

necessary.

officers

the

MEETING

Previous

deem

to

the

the

being appointed

meeting

when

discussion, also

committee

to

steps

some

St.

Magee,

Vice-President, Dr. J.W.

Secretary-Treasurer, Dr.
to

Dr.

Murray,

of
of

take

to

Council, and

latter

selection

the

the

they

Drs.

; the

The

resulting in

of

to constitute

19

respects, and

some

motion

on

law

Shediac

and

in

"

appointed by

dental

the

constitute

amended

Council,

advisable

thought

was

passed

and

to

law

was

members

two

It

supplied.

also

be

SOCIETIES

DENTAL

in his

Dr.
and

stead.

register,and
one

month

against according

to

DOMINION

20

College of

Royal

DENTAL

JOURNAL

Dental

Surgeons,

Opening

The

opening
October 6th by

Ontario.

Exercisf:s.

lecture of the School

of

Dentistrywas

delivered

on

Dr. Luke

Teskey, to a class of about sixtystudents,

of whom
about
forty were
juniors. In his address, Dr. Teskey
be an
opposed the idea that it would
advantage to the dental
of their lectures along with the medical
students
to take
some
students, urging that the study of dentistry,
widely as it
differing
from
that of medicine, should
be carried on
in an
does
entirely
School
of Dentistry,
The
he thought,should
separate institution.
that the standard
be controlled by the profession,
for graduation
so
could
be made
as
high as the dentists themselves
might think
desirable.
There
some
was
talk,he said,of doing away with the
L.D.S.
examination, and
making the D.D.S., from Toronto
for obtaining a license to
University,the necessary qualification
practice. This he considered would be a serious mistake, as the
of Ontario

dentists
of their
shall

own

not

Board

afford to

cannot

of

practice dentistry. Coming

said

way
man

the

to

say

who

shall
which

matters

students

outside

anyone

to

throw

or

who
more

selves
them-

of

preparingfor future usefulness,and

the best of their time while at college. In conclusion,he
ness
he hoped that the students would
avoid forming loose busifail because
habits.
of the slovenly
Many professionalmen
To
succeed
in which
in any professiona
they do business.
be prompt and business-like ; and as a start in the right
must

direction
the

advised

to

over

Directors,the right to

them, he
directlyconcerned
heartilyinto the work
make

hand

he would

and
registrar

suggest, that all the students

pay

call at

once

upon

their fees for the session.

Royal College
Friday evening,Nov.

Dental

27th, was

Surgeons' Reception.
the time

appointed by the Dean

Ontario
of our
and Demonstrator
College,for a social gatheringof
of Dr. J. B. Willmott.
The
the graduating class,at the residence
of the invitation by gathering in good
boys availed themselves

PROCEEDINGS

SOCIETIES

DENTAL

"

good evening'sentertainment

"

time, and

OF

was

21

the verdict

of all

Through the systematic arrangement of games,

solos and impromptu declamations,the popular Dr. W. E. Willmott
demonstrated
practicallythe fact,that an enjoyable and profitable
of none
of the participators
time can
be had, and
the conscience
of the evening'sprobe prickedthereby,after cool consideration
ceedings.
the

after.

day

An

oyster lunch

interruption.Mrs. J. B.
her share in affordinga
who

have

had

since

none

"

for

few

hours, at least

Dental

Toronto

last

were

Dr.

Pearson

Dr.

Martyn
J. Husband

A.

to students

R.

D.D.S.

Wilkinson,

Society.

of the Toronto

President, Dr. W.

; 2nd
;

By

another

read

last year

Vice-President,

; ist

Vice-President, Dr. Spaulding

Secretary,Dr.

Treasurer, Dr. R. G. McLaughlin.

William

Society closed

upon

Dental

E. Willmott

Odontological Society

The

"

Societywas held
October
Trotter's office on
12th,1891. The following
elected for the ensuing year : Honorary
President,

regularmeeting

in Dr. R. G.
officers

opportune

enteringthe profession.
W.

The

an

(with her good man), contributed

Willmott
home

afforded

served,and

was

year

J. Kerr,

very

of

Quebec.

L.D.S., Secretary.

successful

year

last November.

The

last

May, and entered

following papers were

FillingMaterials,"E. A. Barton ; Fracture of Inferior Dental

Union
Dental
Convention," J. A.
Maxillary,"C. H. W^ells ; "The
Bazin ;
Professional
Electricityin Dentistry," P. Brown ;
Hobbies," J. B. Vosburgh ; "Cleft Palate,'W. G. Beers ; "Reflex
Neuralgia of a Dental Origin,"A. A. Lanthier.
"

"

"

"

The

election

of officers for

President, F. A. Stevenson
2nd

1891-92 resulted
;

follows

Vice-President, C. H. Wells

ist

Vice-President,A. A. Lanthier

as

Treasurer, P. Brown

Secre-

DOMINION

22

tary, W.

Committee:

J. Kerr;

J. A. l^azin, Geo.

DEN'rAL

W.

JOURNAL

S.

Globensky, J.

Lovejoy, J. Brosseau,

Stewart

H.

Vosburgh,

Nichol, R. H.

Berwick, J. G. Ibbotson.
The
when

Dr.

Berwick

Stevenson

read

by

on

Voyage
velum

and

read

absence

of

on

paper
same

of

Alveolar

on

began
*'

the

on

paper

Notes

"

"The

to the

owing
paper

for this year

regular meeting

loth

on

Loc^l

Anaesthetic^.

subject. On the
Dr.
promised essayist,
Abscess," and

November,

ith

ber,
Decem-

Beers

swallowed

by

patient.

The

read

sketch, entitled,

of the "grand tour"

Velum," descriptive

IJr.

Society is

very

made
acti

ve

work.

doing good

Correspondence.
The

Editor
Let

Dominion

Dental

add

me

Laboratory.

the

to

Journal

excellent

advice

of

tin

can

tried many
best.

soaps

and

Chloroform

on

barring
added

"

the

to

power,

water

and

January

"

short

on

I have

notice.

find,for ofifice use, Colgate'sGlycerine the

a

bit of cloth will

odor, is just

warm

in

baking powder can

line in it,open and
ready for use.
and
especiallyfor flasks
purposes,
and warm
water) for cleaning the hands
a

"

package of Pyle'sPearline,
is good
and
keep the PearIt is excellent for all cleansing
little soap
a
; and (mixed with

number, relatingto laboratory. Buy

get

Phineas

"

Also

wax

gasoline,

or

little aqua

ammonia

ing
great improvement in its dirt-removin the ofificeas well as at home, especially

makes

is valuable

good.

as

remove

quite soft. If not the barber's basis of shampoo''

it is quite as good. Anyone who
will try a very little in the water
for cleansingthe beard
and
hair will be surprisedthe first
used
in the laboratory
he will receive.
If one
time by the revelation
will take the pains to bathe
the hands
freelyin glycerine before
engaging in any plasteror rubber work, they will be so far protected
afterwards.
to be readilycleansed
as
if the water

"

is not

Garrett

Newthirk,

Chicago.

CORRESPONDENCE

23

Re-setting Teeth.

I read

DENTAL

September number of the DOMINION

plan of re-settingteeth,as outHned

In the
a

Ohio

sperger, in the

Rafifen-

Dr. E. H.

Sciejice.

Dental

Journal of

by

JOURNAL,
for many-

I have

practisedthat plan. The idea,I think, I got from my preceptor,

of Victoria,
Dr. T. J.Jones,late of St. Catharines,Ont, now
I proceed as Dr. R. describes,only that before waxing my
B.C.
of
I scrape the palatalsurface,and
case
generallydrill a number
I scrape the lingual
holes or pits. If I wish to be very particular,
When
surface of the rim of rubber
packing, I
up to the teeth.
leave the old rubber attached to the teeth,unless the platehad been
rubber attaches to the old,and
broken
before re-setting.The new

years

to

seems

without

be
the

strong

as

as

if the

rubber

old

had

been

removed,

danger of breaking blocks, spoilingjoints,straining

pins,etc.
Kingston,

Ont.

R.

How

My only rival

Sir,
"

that

announcements,
Boston

"

with

say

all the

modern

if he would
not

I think

known

of the towns

But

farmers

out

with

great

York
has

he

that

"

the

reach the scattered

not

amount

of decent

and
districts,

to make

certain

and

tell the truth he would

tell lies in the paper, I would

objectso much, although

is necessary
to
advertising
to the

improvements ;" that

Now

if he would

that,and

Sparks.

fillsthe local paper

in my town
he has just returned
from
New

etc.
only reliable article,"
not

Shall I Advertise

E.

that their teeth

be saved.

can

generallyhonest themselves, and they are

likelyto believe a good deal in the honesty of a quack who may
card appears
in
reallybe the biggestliar out of jail. My humble
the same
My dental education cost my father thousands of
paper.
dollars,and I received a thorough collegetraining. I have been a
since; doing nothing else and thinking of
diligentstudent ever
hardly anything else but my profession. I am afraid I would come
country people

are

"

"

near

to starvation

I would

rather

before

leave

the

I would

resort

to

professionand

the tricks my
go to town

rival

and

uses.

drive

DOMINION

24

street

Now,

car.

bad

call "a

we

and

mean

extended

rival

my

;" and

egg

was

hundred

from

cunning tricks upon

beyond the confines
name

'unsavory

DENTAL

his

miles

would

think

us

have

who

"confreres
and

won

who

"

dental

by

hard

are, after

unskilful !

How

genius had

;
was

friends.

He

always what
for
distinguished

was

In fact his

little town,

away.

by vagrant studentship. But

new

boyhood

our

"knows

student

poor

his

of

JOURNAL

"

and

reputation

gave

picked up

"

him
what

an

he

read his advertisement, you

been born, and that those of

to

study and honesty a reputationamong our

the best judges of a dentist
are
all,
ant
ignorI
such
to meet
am
rivalry?
"

Yours

truly,
Ontario

L.D.S.

[Surely not

We
cannot
a
by flattering
quack by imitation.
conceive of any
of meeting such a rival on his own
ground,
way
him
the
and
of
lying.
by
ingenuity
immensity
except by surpassing
The
is the greatest liar attracts
the most
attention.
quack who
There
is,however, a moral and professionalcompensation in uprightness
f
ar
the
and
integrity, beyond
passing success
your
jrival enjoys. One wants
faith in these times to be
and
courage
honest
Ed. D.D.J.]
It needs neither to be a knave.
"

"

"

Editorial.

Argenti Nitras

as

Therapeutic Agent.

important paper in the October number

value
has
Dental
of the International
Journal, entitled, What
argenti nitras as a therapeuticagent in dentistry?"by Dr. E. A.
We
had the pleasureof hearing
Falls,Mass.
Stebins,of Shelburne
cut
the paper and seeingthe patients,
at the meeting of the ConnectiSocieties last June. It is,
Dental
Valley and the Massachusetts
do
we
know, unfair to the author to epitomizehis remarks, but we
the best our
will afford.
The Doctor
begins by referringto
space
in teeth,wherein
black
of caries,frequentlyobserved
the arrest
black crust
is present, and inquiresif this condition
spots or
wish

We

to

refer to

an

"

"

"

"

"

EDITORIAL

produced instantlyand
has experimented
The Doctor
After quoting
announcement.
be

can

interestingletter
effect

chemical
its use
*'

on

will,and

at

for six
from

that it will remain.

so

silver in

several

as
authorities,

Professor

dentine,from

he proceeds to explain his

OperativeDentistry,"
of caries.

arrest

mouths

At

the

doubly interestingby
whose

to

the

with

contact

of sensitive

in the treatment

it for the

this is his first

years, and

living tissue,and an
Professor
from
to its
as
Mayr, of Springfield,
besides a quotationon
decaying tooth-structure,

of

of nitrate

action

25

the

convention, he made
of several

presence

the treatment

been

had

method

of his

highlysuccessful.

of

Taft's

using

his paper
in
patients,
The

cases

by the Doctor varied in age from seventy years old to mere

of the
a
children,extending over
period of six years, and in most
One
the decay had
returned.
hundred
and
not
cases
forty-two
than three years, showed
cavities,after more
eighty-sevento be
and
cessful
successful,
successful,
thirty-three
partially
twenty-two unsucof the latter being in mouths
of patientsof delicate
most
treated

"

constitution.
Dr. Stebins

pulverizedcrystalsof the nitrate dissolved in an

of water.
Hard
wood
equal amount
points that will enter very
small cavities,
for application,
are
dipped
put on handles convenient
in the solution. The
cavity,or the surface,to be treated,should be
comparativelydry. Enough of the powder about the size of a
pin-head is taken up on the stick,and applied to every part of
the diseased
of the patient being protected
portion,the mouth
during the operation.After a short interval,injectplenty of water.
uses

"

"

The

use

of

the

nitrate

the

in

same

pyorrhoeaalveolaris. The liberated

Further experiment will be watched

"The

Chicago

is sometimes

enemies

must

between

1830

hundred

and

admit

it is

"

"

is

recommended

nitric acid should

Wonderful

called

way

with

in

be removed.

interest.

City."
"

the

windy city;
wonderful
city."

but

its worst

How

it grew

1872, from seventy inhabitants to nearly three

thousand, and how it is growing into the
sixty-five

and

million,everbody knows.

How

its merchants

had

such

reputa-

DOMINION

26

tion,that when
but

DEN'I

the great fire

reputation,the

confidence

AI"

city,and make
everybody knows.

it

faith of the

of the

one

The

securities and

destroyed books,

thing
everythe

people in themselves, and

of their creditors,enabled

the

JOURNAL

them

marvels

modern

trade, rebuild

revive

to

of lake

of

architecture,

prairiestirs the
soul and
stimulates
the brain, even
when
you \\iivcla grippe. To
a
quiet man, it is doubtful if there is compensation enough
many
him to live in the terrible whirl of its existence.
to induce
body
Everyis on
rush.
Even
the loafers move
it
a
cjuickly. And
in the profession.
of "go"
pleases a dentist to see the amount
The
of quackquacks of Chicago represent the very quinte.s.sence
ery.
Bad
dental
is

and

going

there

interested

our

Brophy
and

action

to

it

visit to the

it

Chicago

the world

All

intend

not

of

leaders

The

good.

let the re.st

to

already know.
splendid city enjoys,we
not

the

hundred

one

every

and

does

the

aspiresto

and

of the world.

it does

anything

that

collegefor
is

Chicago

distinctions

many

learn

ahead

are

1893, and

show

the

Among
dental

in

intenselybad

are

thought and

of the world

good

atmosphere

Dental

of

professionalone,
of the

were

having
ever,
How-

inhabitants.

College,of

Dr. Truman

which

Dean, Drs. Haslam, Johnson, Swasey, Ottofy,Gardner,

others, are

entirely new

Professors, was

revelation

in

education

dental

Through the personal courtesy

of Dr. C. N. Johnson, an old Ontario
boy, and who has identified
himself with Chicago, as any good citizen should, we
had
most
a
thorough insight into the whole sj^stem of teaching in the college.
who
The
results of the teaching were
to the eyes of any
one
open
could

see

to

; and

our

it

observation.

was

to
great inspiration

and
part of the professors,
on

the remarkable

the part of the students.

the
was

Each

attention

student

seemed
interested
as
operating room,
engaged in his private practice. A

animates

the

class,and

an

unselfish

While

giving very strict attention

teaching,the practicaldepartments
before.

We

say

this

in

no

feelingsof gratefulrecollection to other

in the atmosphere of Chicago, as Michel
favorable to genius.
air of Arezzo

devotion

and

excelling as

fine and

duty the
and

anything

as
spirit,

if he

spirit
professors.
technique

generous

theoretical

excel

invidious

in

the

on

laboratory and

the

in

of

sense

to

the zeal

witness

we

schools,and

ever

we

bear
it may

Angelo thought

the

saw
warm

be all
pure

EDITORIAL

27

Advertising Again.
If

daily press,
reduced
circus

the trade

examine

we

find

will

we

theatrical

or

splashesof

so-called

the

depths of

the meanest

to

design and

color

When

fourth-class

by extravagant

advent

their

the fences,the fools who

on

of the

advertisingoften

of

art

falsehood.

herald

troupe

advertisements

commercial

and

have

been

caught a dozen times are just as apt to be fooled a dozen times

again ; and in spiteof costlyexperience,people are entrapped by
advertise with a
the repeated lying of the retail merchants, who
flourish of trumpets and a profusion of type.
Any man, however
he may
the Queen's English,can
murder
gather gaping audiences
tion."
educaby the hour round a waggon, to listen to him dilatingupon
Cities like Toronto
leges
coland Montreal, containing medical
which
are
recognized by the first institutions of Europe,
"

and

of whose

many

immense

to

patronage

boast

to

teachers

of

his

To

they have to
of struggle;

the other

unconscious

man,

with

we

exposure

before

be

lie in almost

rascals,as

as
instinctively

the others

like Birchall
It may

are

some

are

there

the

line,it is

may

be

him

into

law

but

ought

to

be

be

the decision
When

he

intended

was

some

of

men

The

Experts

was

young

an

that
from

of

born

will rob

one

declare

is

for

student
seem

fate,bad

advertiser

neither

in

err

may

tising,
disreputableadverconclusive
proof of his

that

creatures

dental

We

to

poets.

rhyme.

the

honor, though

dentistry. Every

is aware,

born
will

that

when

moment

of

character.
resorts

lie

to

dupes.

comes

every

be that the mendacious

being.
However,

do

"

him,

temerity

shamelessness

so

the two

of one's true

personal immorality. It
burglar,but accident slid
the psychology of criminal
to

go, and

the

has

paths one
of ease, though of fraud.
have always believed that

all the world

with

who

the

in life there

start

between

convictions,but

our
an

choose

and

will furnish

known,

quack

skill,and

come

who

men

young

debased

any

exclusive

theatrically.Quacks

world-wide

are

as

derers
mur-

birth.

irresponsible

personal nor
professional
intercourse with men
of such
If
disrepute.
portion of the
any
public choose to believe that they possess exceptional skill and
when
ability,
they are well known
by the professionto be imposto

DOMINION

2S

DENTAL

JOURNAL

tors, it ill behooves

of the professionto
respectablemembers
identifythemselves with them, personallyor professionally.They
whfj is Unv enough
only lower themselves to their level. The man
his own
to advertise
imposture,and who is insensible to shame
before his own
will be base enough to take any advantage
profession,
he may
secure
by accident,in respectable
by being seen, even
company.

"A

In
made

the

prosperous

the

overhear

Cap

of

days

followingsarcastic

Fits."

that

the

Napoleon
remark

"

Third, Victor

When

Hugo
police
scoundrel,' they

the

'

Paris

ruffian
and
using the terms
be speaking of the Emperor."
must
assume
you
It is very suggestivethat our
remarks
quackery have been
upon
appropriatedto themselves by no less than four offenders against
that they were
the
professional
decency. The quick consciousness
partiesmeant, is a refreshingillustration of the fact,that no matter
in the degradationof himself and his
how
low a man
descend
may
profession,he hugs to himself the delusion that he is actually
blacker than he is painted ! The objectof a code of ethics is not
but to protect the
to send every offender to professional
perdition,
of investment.
who
liars as a matter
are
public from a class of men
As dentistryemerges
from its rude and barbaric
bers
origin,its memnaturallyaspire to elevate the social and professionaltone ;
before the public,
of no
and when
shams
abilityforce themselves
with pretentious
cized.
insolence,it is proper that they should be ostraIt has never
paid
Quackery does not pay in the long run.
in Canada, and it never
will. Any charlatan can
get publicnotice
of
It is only a matter
and
patronage if that is all he wants.
fool the public to
advertising. 'Tis as easy as lying." He can
for awhile.
It is
More
!
the top of his bent, and they will cry,
to warn
our
profession,
duty, as the organ of the Canadian
young
of
from followingin the path of these impostors. The
most
men
dentists are educated
our
men
sympathize with the
; and while we
'

anyone

"

"

"

"

difficulties which

by

the

it would

meet

those

cupidity,not
be

better

to

who

are

honest, and

who

are

aged
discour-

of a portionof the public,

stupidity,
of
abandon
the professionas a means

to

say

EDITORIAL

living,than
liar

from

depart

to

the

of

the
has

written

tell the

truth,

continent
could

par,

and

could

we

for

apology

dently with

should

if you

muzzle

made

fund

with

in bonds
to

not
we

all who

As

"

been

mended,

have

just

(!)

It reminds
roads

no

saints."

turned

reformed

thieves
the

profession.

There

liar utilizes

his

protestations,we

It will

of

rough

so

are

It

more

was

once

detectives.

take

peculiarityin his

who

public recognitionby

is
the

I will bind

in

saying
those

the

days

have

intolerant; than

those

hateful

to

refreshing impudence,
which

as

One

I will subscribe

fashion

the

more

many

me

liar-quacksof dentistry as
nothing

tion
recollec-

profession.

be

is

the

his

It would

as

muzzle

may

day,

next

I do, and

There

one

are

sinners

no

so

engage

do."

as

the

profession.

and
reputable practitioner,

advertise

to

Give

"

before

of

ashamed

man

of

Coinci-

forgive a schemer,

or

on

way

sin.

the

You

bite.

forget

can

qualifiedand
(!)not

the

his

prevent

honest

punish

MacAdam,

to

muzzle

of

his

his motives.

trust

the

before

vengeance.

employ

to

the

his falsehoods

sincerity in

his letter will suffice

Society,as

myself

of

life is

in

before

If he

oblige him,

moral

Satan

by
them

extenuate

remove

will

every

from

extract

the

hesitate

of repentance

has

to

evidence

any

dog, but,

day

defence

this

on

insertion.

funny

more

liberally
repeats

then

of the

imagine nothing

ethics

would

"

this letter,he

were

asks

variety,we

than

even

mad

of

way

of

professional life,his

"

attempting

professionalname.

code
he

wrong-doing,

public,while
If there

by

his

the

against

letter,for which

even

consistentlywith

but

us

tising
adver-

Ethics.

of

offenders

worst

his

from

stigma

Code

One

truth-telling. The

integrityand

remove

never

can

29

than

profession,then

in
a

just
who

England

to

livelyemployment

reformers
liar.

of

of the
When

facilis descensus

Averni.
We
the

reserve

Code.

for

future

issue

further

discussion

on

the

subject of

DOMINION

30

DENTAL

JOURNAL

Reviews.

Dental

Medicine.

Manual

Therapeutics. By
Fourth

edition.

Blakiston,Son
This

"

edition

new

F.

of

J.

S.

Revised

Medica

and

A.M., M.D., D.D.S.

enlarged. Philadelphia:

Walnut

work

Materia

GORGAS,

and

Co., 1012
of the

Dental

of

Street.

1891.
confrere

industrious

our

in

make
it an
to
Baltimore, proves that its author is determined
indispensabletext-book for the student,and a ready reference for
the busy practitioner.
Much
has been added, bringing
matter
new
the work up to the times.
The diagnosis of the affections of the
and
mouth, the remedial
agents, the properties,actions, u.ses
of application
of the substances
classed as dental materia
modes
has been added
matter
medica, are carefully
presented; while new
the use of antiseptics.
on
the

In
limited

examination

to

the curriculum

of

students, whose

of the

dental

know,

education
or

will bear

demands

been

there is perhaps
colleges,
confusion, and frequentlyignorance,is

subjectin which more

displayed,than in the branch
Dr. Gorgas' work
no

has

education

of dental
covers

; and

imagines he knows,
earnest
study.

dental

on

no

materia

the
matter

field
how

as

and

medica

modern

fully as
much

peutics.
thera-

man

may

this particular
the volume
subject,

Hygiene as it Affectsthe Teeth. By GEORGE

M.A.
Cunningham,
(Cantab.),D.M.D., L.D.S., Eng. J.
W., England.
Segg " Co., 289 Regent Street,London

DefectivePersonal

P.

from the British Jotirnal

of Dental
reprint,
interesting
Science,of a paper presentedby Dr. Cunningham, in the Seventh
International
Congress of Hygiene and Demography, has been
the public in convenient
accessible to the professionand
made
The
form.
subject has been a labor of love with Dr. C, and
neither dentist nor
patientcan afford to be ignorantof its teachings.
This

very

Nitrous
D.

Gas

Oxide

THE

FROM

ABSTRACTS
Viezved

from

Oxide

Nitrous

upon

this

by the author from

his opinions orthodox.

experiencederived

department, makes
it

at the time

members

the

which

the

"

read,

was

as

had

best

paper

listened."

ever

the

at

the Cosmos.

of Pennsylvania. Reprinted from

L^niversity
The

31

Standpoint.By John

Practical

D.D.S., Lecturer

Thomas,

JOURNALS

exclusive

practicein

It

described

was

nitrous

on

No

oxide

to

higher praise

is

necessary.

from

Abstracts

Divided

Journals.

the

in Thermometers.

Mercury

Dr. C. H. Gilbert

In the Dental

Officeand Laboratory
simple plan for re-unitingthe mercury

suggests

vulcanizer

when

divided.
with

the vulcanizer

dry

cools it will be found

dentist at

man

in

to

three inches
on

the

me

to

have

coalesced

Knew

His

Bristol,Pa.,received

another
across

town,

with

; five inches

perfectly.

Measure.

an

details

order
as

for artificialteeth from

follows

through the jaw

"

My

; some

like

a
horse-shoe,toe forrard.
edge; shaped
be more
than"
particularI shall have to come
"

Keep
An

of

All that is necessary, he says, is to heat

fillsthe tube ; as
heat until the mercury
it

He

in the thermometer

mouth

is

hummocky
If you

want

Items.

Clean.

If you
can't
dirtydentist is a nuisance.
unkempt, slovenly,
afford nice professional
clothes,shut up shop and earn them at the
anvil or in the potato patch. Look
neat and clean anyway.
Starve
yourself if necessary, but look presentable. Keep your mouth

32

DOMINION

clean, too, and

your

defiles the whole

making

Have
till you
best

bath

shine.

The

of

teeth, both
fixed

and
that

says

be

tooth

of

Editorial

"

rubber

that

he

and

porcelain,and

natural

as

and

He

usuallythought
about

experimented

where

being

Itents^advises
in

such

then

mouth

that

the

to

the

the teeth

without

come

depth

dog

well

as

whether

same

the

Sets.

the anterior

teeth

projectupwards

into the sockets

as

the

loose

away

the
either

the

while

the

impression.

intended

to

model, will go
the gum

or

go,
to

just
turn

gums

impression
October

into the

inserted
the

are

of

is

teeth.

decide

Driscoll, in the

wax

with

the teeth

if filled to

edges

of the alveolus

soft

of the former

difficult to

this, Dr.

infringingupon

the

upon

with

extraction, it

of rolls of

to

ually
event-

after

overcome

use

as

way

trimmed

being

To

taken.

root, and

in its alveolus

the

are

it is sometimes

cast,

become

immediately

to have

the outline

obscure

and

inward

the

into

cut

to

have

they

rubber.

or

length

artificial

openings, which

has

sets

fittingthese,however,

In

is

of their

third

advisable

the

sity
Imperial Univer-

perforates the

artificial tooth

porcelain,metal,

inserting temporary

in the

these

results

self
your-

Teeth.

the

the

tomers.
cus-

of Interest.

that

He

through

that

says

scrub

and

successfullyimplanted

teeth.

grows

retains

has

Temporary

In

in Items

Odontology

of

best

your

so

and

thorough rubbing, and

Professor

firmness.
man,

upon

is

to

it often

of Artificial

ossifies and

as

best cosmetic

granular tissue

remarkable

in

get

mouth

it in your

offence

an

Implantation

useful

as

and

nasty stuff that

that

burning

! it is

tub

claims

Moscow,

with

of

idea

nose

is cleanliness.

Znamensky,

of

JOURNAL

Away

The

of your

perfume

Dr.

breath.

body.

chimney

DKN'IAL

sockets

These
the

place

are

result
in

the alveolus.

the

DOMINION

JOURNAL.

DENTAL
Vol.

IV.

TORONTO,

1892.

MARCH,

No.

2.

Original Communications,
Pharisaical

A.

By
In

are

two

have

who

rarelyfail

anxious
the

discussion

that

do

it does

rise

is the

would
dentist

anything
dentist
Our
the

read

to

take

not

but

who

attention

gold

as

been
the

base
ever,

"

devices

dental

take
their

the

of

class

Archives

to

patients.

with

part in
hearers

work

these

of De7itistryof

do

; the

When

discussion,

they

are

gentlemen
never

uses

other

is the

extract

latter

of

by ordinary

of these

to

routine

that

done

One

it necessary
of

in

tions
sugges-

irksome.

and
plastic fillings,

one

are

part

the

whereby

or

they

scientists,nor

for artificial dentures

called

sions.
occa-

pathological problems

convince

finds

there

these

much

very

little less

inserts

that

which

professional brethren

for tJieir

seldom

rarely,if
has

that

do

who

to

take

and
of

however,

paper,

various

ordinary professionalability,

minds

made

in

on

appearance

usually

clever
be

long

never

noticed

high-class work

"

not

their

and

men,

have

we

physiological

may
a

held

an

than

more

do

or

them

publication in
3

put in

to

doing

favor

office work

conventions

Canada,

agitating the

methods

like other

dentists

those

to

new

every-day
they

of

condescend
of

for

They

just now

are

they

not

extend.

to

dental

and

little

possess

reputation

of

reports
States

men

L.D.S., Stratford, Ont.

HiPPLE,

United

They
and

the

reading

parts of the

H.

Dentists.

tooth.

gentlemen

paper

read

by

by
Dr.

DOMINION

34

time

DENTAL

ago, before

Morrison,

some

which

writer,according to

the

is entitled

an

"Anti-extraction,"and

JOURNAL

the

St. Louis

editorial
is

fair

In the first paragraph Dr. Morrison

teeth

Dental

Society,of
proud. It

note, is very

sample

Out

"

says

of its kind.

of

extracted

dailyin this city,ninety-nine .should

be carefully
but should
and
cleansed
painlessly
the pulp),and filled with
decay at the margin (not over
cement, and kept filled,
imperfectlythough
Now, does Dr. Morrison
of

out

every

If so, it would

pulps?
he

hundred

cleanse

want

teeth

us

to

infer from

extracted

be of interest

to

some

from
some

it may

us

tracted,
ex-

soft
conducting
non-

be."

ninety-nine
living

have

Louis
of

be

not

this that

St.

in

hundred

one

to

know

how

them

what
he uses
that
cement
painlessly,
is non-conducting,and whether
this invariablyrelieves the toothache.
a
Following this he devotes
paragraph to the
worthy
of
amount
cheap dentist,"who he thinks might do an immense
good if he would confine himself to legitimatecheap dentistry."
thinks it would
be well for the
Probably Dr. Morrison
worthy
teeth,in the
cheap dentist to confine himself to treatingand filling
above
manner
described, for such patients as high-classdentists
A little farther on he says :
There
is
might see fit to send him.
truth in the saying that any tooth or
be filled."
root
cannot
no
tracted
Giving his own
experience,he continues : For years I have exloose that they could
teeth or roots only when
so
they were
I most
be removed
with the thumb
and
and
finger,
heartilywish
other
member
of the professionwould
adopt that rule.
every
There
should be no artificial dentures
made
by the future dentist,"
to

manages

"

"

"

"

"

"

etc.,etc.

Now, if all this

that Dr. Morrison

anything at all,it means
would
extract
never
a
badly decayed first molar for a child, no
the teeth might be ; that a tooth erupted in
how
crowded
matter
abnormal
some
position say into the roof of the mouth, would be
left untouched
even
though it might interfere with the movements
of the tongue ; that a patientwould
be allowed
to suffer for years
tooth ; that a temporary cuspid,if firm,
with an impacted wisdom
means

"

would

be

growing

left in the

in such

direction

that,in short,in order

those

conditions

agreed upon

as

mouth

which

to

while
as

its permanent

to threaten

carry

out

on

was

penetrate the lip; and

theory he

nearly all writers

indicatingextraction.

to

successor

would

dental

It means,

disregard

science

have

further,that he

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

35

how
fillall classes of teeth and
matter
roots, no
satisfactorily
badly decayed,how long diseased, or what their positionmay be ;
scrofulous diathesis of the patientdoes not preor
that a syphilitic
vent
into
all
the
dental
his putting
a
healthy condition,and
organs
treatment.
that in short, all dental lesions yieldto his conservative
of Dr. Morrison's
to
needed
convince
Is anything more
anyone
high standing in the professionor his abilityas a dentist?
in ridiculous
Now, although the article in question abounds
and
statements
extravagent language, it is quite harmless, and
it not that there seems
be unworthy of specialnotice were
would
to
off" at
show
be a tendency on the part of some
to
practitioners
about the use
of matrices
dental meetings. They talk so familiarly
sible,
inaccesinto cavities that are
almost
when
insertinggold fillings
in such cases
that those of us who
are
glad to work in a little
it ;
to say anything about
amalgam with a burnisher are ashamed
of pyorrhoea
they have ''been so very successful in their treatment
that we
don't feel like standing up and
alveolaris,"
reportingthat
had
last year, we
in
of the half dozen
cases
we
only succeeded
of roots
they find so little difficulty
curing two ; in the treatment
canal to the apex that we
feel as though it is
root
in filling
every
than
have
all our
we
once
reputationis worth to say that more
probed around for half an hour without being able to find a canal
can

"

The

at all.

result of all this is that many

they have

discussions, because
valuable

much

nothing

is lost to

information

the

refuse to take
wonderful

to

part in the
report, and

profession. It

is true, it

to
discuss their probable
report failures,and
requirescourage
and scientific men
but the really
are
not ashamed
progressive
causes,
for the sake of notorietymake
to do it,and those who
pretensions
to ability
they do not possess, should be treated with the contempt
they deser\e.

Dental

By
It is
to

D.

theduty of

the state

V.

Beacock,

every

Dots.
L

D.S., Brockville,Ont.

dentist to call the attention

of their mouths

; to

impress

upon

them

of his

patients

the great importance

of cleanliness,etc.
To
mandrel

drill or

enlarge the

in

with

engine

hole

corundum

in

I use
a
pivot crowns
powder and glycerine.

copper

DOMINION

36
Gruff

DENTAL

often ^row

manners

out

JOURNAL

of

but they often

thoughtlessness,

seriouslymilitate against the dentist's influence.

So long as the tooth is alive,any foreignbody
in immediate

to

come

or

less.

Where

there

is

dentine

intense

more

chance

will irritate it

plenty of livingmatter,

teeth, this irritation will be

some

the

with

contact

that may

than

as

in deciduous

as

of
filling

upon

protectiveand non-conducting material.

Untidyness at the dental chair is dangerous
and should not be tolerated or allowed
by

more

well

gusting,
dis-

as

respectable

any

dentist.
lesion in either

only in degree,

the

the

and

soft tissue

same

law

or

hard

of rational

tooth

tissue

treatment

differs

will

apply

to both.

often

How

do

find

we

well

dressed

into

patients come

the

with jewellery,
wearing fine clothes and bedecked
asking us
the cheapestmaterial for their filling
to use
; and a majority of the
in one
will spend more
weaker
sex
money
year with their milliner
of their whole
than with their dentist in the course
life,
yet they
feel the tax
of the dentist the heavier of the
will complain and
office

two.

By using a
boilingpoint of
compound, pour
and

have

model

fusible

metal

that

can

take

water,

the

melted

for

use

metal

melts

considerablybelow the
an
impressionwith modelling
directlyinto the impression,

in less than

five minutes.

It is

as

hard

as

always melt it in water ; this prevents it oxydizing and

keeps it brightand clean,and no danger overheating the metal.
how
No matter
long it is left on the gas or fire,the metal pours
Uses : In crown
work
for getting cast
nicelyat about i6o Fah.
of root and surrounding parts, for immediate
work, no waiting for
for forming ferule.
For quicklymaking a mandrel
material to set.
die for striking
For quicklymaking die or counter
up a small piece
of platefor repairingor strengtheninga rubber
plate. Excellent
fit and
bend
model
to
for regulatingcases, giving us a very hard
without
having to send patient
piano wire and fit clasps accurately,
pression
be poured into a plasterimtillplastermodel
It can
sets.
away

zinc.

without

waiting tillit dries.

piece of rubber tubing slippedover a tooth is good to keep

that it is not
in a dressingwhen
the shape of the cavityis such
when
the tooth is isolated or standing alone.
retensive,especially
A

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

37
"

piece of this tubing for putting over

to keep it dry for a day or two.
a zinc
plasticfilling
the posteriorcavity of lower
In filling
bicuspid the six year
molar
being out, use a thin piece of Taggart tin or any similar
material,pack it or reinforce it with modelling composition ; it then
I sometimes

becomes

use

an

thin

very

matter

easy

fillit.

to

happens that while we are deliberatingon the time to

do anything,the opportunity for action is forever lost.
Gutta-percha, or Hill's stopping is very useful for retaining
used as a matrice, packed
dressings,arsenic,etc.,also useful when
in between
the teeth when
filling.
enhanced
Any favor is much
by being promptly conferred,
while
delay frequentlydepreciatesits value, and often renders it
It often

useless.
We

should

tubules
to

this tubular

the

long

tooth.

surface
of

train

Unless

going

evils which

matter

is dead

of any

very

delicate

mechanical

injury

tooth,is the first step

any

in

of any
filling
tubules
contain
livingand
life's forces are
constantly

follow
these

tissues in which

"

that in

the careless

more

the

Amalgam
mixed

in New

Buy

should

less

or

to

exposure

the

United

States

there

was

with

be

kept

in well

thus

deteriorates

in

corked

which

matter

first used
mercury.

one

for

dentist
:""'":

fatty

air,and

is

'^"^^^^^^/^O

inhabitants.

4,000

Gutta-percha

and

may

of

ends

on.

It is said
every

cavity of

in the

the tooth

sensitive

very

the

that the fracture

exposed, and

are

that

remember

always

named

time

its value

; it was

1835

person

in

bottles,as

it

tains
con-

by

evaporates
for dental

simply
Crawcour

coin

poses.
pur-

filed up

first used

it

York.
small

drop-tube or pippet at the druggists',

put
in a wick filled with alcohol,by removing the rubber
bulb.
Light
with a match
have a very handy little flash lamp, just as
and you
the market.
that is on
good as if you paid two dollars for the one
Useful
for setting crowns,
removing
repairing old gold fillings,
that have
been
with
crowns
dentist
set
can
gutta-percha. Any
make
it,and it only costs five cents
[We acknowledge receiptof
from Dr. B.
one
It is simply perfect. Ed.]
a

curved

"

DOMINION

38

He

Why

Could

was

educated

not

E. Sparks,

venerable
of

in any

member

of

He was
they existed.
making a
everything in general,and dental

Copper

Amalgam.

Kingston,Oni.

dental

our

JOURxNAL.

Make

Not

R.

By
He

1)EN'IAI"

profession. He was
colleges. He profe.ssedbefore
our

noble

fraternal call.

We

about

chatted

denly
subjectsin particular. He sudlowered
his voice and
looked
enquiringlyinto our face and
gam
asked, I say ! do you know anything about making copper amalWe
had
confess
?
to
our
comparative ignorance of the
modus
Well," he continued, confidentially,I read
operandi.
that if one
would
dissolve some
sulphate of copper, and suspended
"

"

"

an

"

iron bar in the solution, metallic

I got

some

dissolved

and

copperas

be

would

copper

it,immersed

deposited,so

iron

my

bar,got

no

"

do you suppose
the matter
As soon
?
was
deposit. What
became
sufficiently
composed to speak, we explained what
of failure in the experiment.
probable cause

as

we

the

was

Case

in Practice.

By R. E. Sparks, Kingston,Ont.
A
from

gentleman
throat

sore

the left

on

about

me

two

years

side,neuralgicpains in

ago,

suffering

and

ear

side of

physicianhad been unable to treat the trouble

I found, upon
to
or
amination,
exeven
successfully,
diagnose the cause.
that he was
bitinghis cheek severelybetween his wisdom
A few days
the upper one
him.
teeth.
I removed
and dismissed
mediate
office and
since he returned
to
reported having derived immy
relief after the operation.
face and

This

head.

called upon

time

His

he had

bitinghis cheek
Upon examination
upon

His

teeth

I found

the inside of the

sound

were

quitesharp.

His

have

oppositehis

was

pea,

to

come

but

cheeks

tooth

another
first molars

tumor,

about

upon

as

were

off flat.
and
fleshy,

The
as

the

largeas

cheek, opposite the

worn

extracted,

soon

same

good

as

he

side.
sized

teeth

mentioned.

outer

edges were
he opened

as

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

his mouth

the

be

to

the

held
the

cheek

the

it

an

which

slight bleeding
he

his

grinder.

Convenient

had

By

the

Dry
each
the

plate and

tooth

which
This

been

gives you
the

gives you
While
the

gum

in

cold

dismiss

soon

as

and

the
the

patient.

turn

extend

to

and

operator

and

laboratoryassistant

hardened

Remove
run

of the
the

This

except

and
of

may

the

some

gum.

added.
from

away

dipped

cotton,
You

the

teeth
time

all be

may

cast.

run

As

aticulation,

plate.

much

If

This

be

moment.

the

saves

taking

of

in

The

the

to

forced

plaster

wax.

mouth.

mouth.

are

and

on

where

plate in place.

the

plate

teeth

method

accuracy,
the

the

teeth

in

little

Plates.

over

up

pledget

the
a

wax

is not

lighted
de-

loss of

replace

to

are

the

wax

be

remove

ensures

the

the

in

plate

where

the

opposite

wax

patient close

with

couple

articulated.

the

the

into

Old

to

part with

Then

and

over,

the

of

with

Ont.

soft

soft

upon

its base

without

added

the

that

can

wax

be

press

see

of

tension

patient left

Teeth

the

to

opposite

shut,

hard, lift off, and

ground

teeth

occlusion.

the

hard,

lettingit
is

articulation

water,

now

the

impression

is

piece

Replace

extracted,

mouth

by

on

assistant

my

The

his trouble

New

pair of tongue

minutes, stopped

few

Sparks, Kingston,

is still soft have

an

of

thrown

water

place.

Adding

added.

an

wax

the

E.

stick

where

one

have

While

be

is to

be

case

of

R.

taken

relieved

Method

cold

syringe, for

had

been

of

jet

ordinary dental

an

that

scissors.

off the

ground

it off at

snip

to

tion
posi-

The

mirror.

in

lay

while

mouth,

mouth

matter

easy

with

tumor

the

teeth, and

together.

came

into

gently

positionwith

curved

from

wound

it

in

made

tumor

pair of

drew

and

forceps

teeth

the

teeth, grasped the

of the

sharp edges

his

when

bitten

in between

passed

tumor

39

When
now^

may
for
done

impression

this
be

patient
by

and

the
culation.
arti-

DOMINION

40

DENTAL

Notes

Dan.

By

Dentists
it

who

is

making

done, insert the model

teeth

in trial

into the

put the

plaster teeth

an

and

safe

molars,

use

easy

inferior

forceps,and

stand

positionthe

operator is

the

Filling material
of the

the

there

there

left

best

and

when

they

Of

course,

teeth

until the

method

of

will be

is when

less

under
In this

danger

plaster is

the

strike

break

or

children's

the

ot

run

removal.

patient is

with

sharp

relieved

When

there

excludes
cases

After

the

proper
in

cavity may
and

well

are

any
a

powder)

moisture

pledget

fill the

and

and

can

be

in

cotton

cavity for

plaster,and

in many

This

will

instances

loosen
cause

the
a

sary,
neces-

gam
amal-

be

thus

the

and

pared
prechild

machine."
treated

mixture
plasticfilling

time.

It hardens
The

readilyremoved.

be

water.

decay.

instance

a
permanently filling

thoroughly dry preparatory

of wax
opening flasks for removal

warm

further

every

boring

about
of

developing,

recapped when
for either gold or

age

"

These

seventeen.

while

prove
ap-

similar

be

nearly

of the

doubts

dentition.

arrest

adapted excavators,

of the horrors

tooth, try dipping

(liquidand

at

will

filled should

temporarily

root

forceps against the

the

good preparations of

properly put in, they

are

the

In this

patient.

teeth, second

other

or
plastics,

of

of

roots

alveolar

bayonet

front

to

apt

the

extracting
upper

left and

sudden

of

pair

not

for

fillings.The

into

the

by

or

this

articulator.

they have arrived at the age of

harden
and
plasticfillings
strengthen the tooth

in all

^full

When

also.

occlusion

until

nature,

will be

rubber

on

teeth

into

case

than

the

at

teeth, either by

upper

under

avoided, and

be

plate

upper
the

articulation,will find

an

bite.

For

right

will

the

breaking

an

using

jointlyinto

bite,then

bubbles

manner

of

impression of

an

''JournaL"

L.D.S., Arnprior, Ont.

habit

in the

when

take

to
partial),

the

McPhek,

are

advantageous

for

JOURNAL

to

wax

clean

the

and

cavity must

insertion.

plates,insert
from
removal.

the

the

parts

teeth

and

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

Ethics

and

41

Quackery.

By L. I). S., Ontario.

A
Let

good

offer

me

For
actual

ethics,quacks, and

deal is

being said about

thought or two.

of

the sake

illustration I will note

practice.Two

instance

or

his

son

to

sent

man

ago

years

an

advertising.

me

from

two

who

had

adjoiningteeth badly decayed, and told

the boy that probably both were
aching. He insisted on having
time later I presented
Some
the one
he thought ached extracted.
extracted
which
the father refused to pay, laying,I had
my bill,
the wrong
the followingday
on
tooth,that his son had toothache
the boy to Dr.
elder
after consulting me,
he took
and
an
brother,who extracted the aching tooth,saying,I had
professional
that remark
tooth (any dentist might make
the wrong
extracted
under
similar circumstances, believingit to be true). The
man
with
for treatingme
considered
Dr.
's statement
justification
slander and abuse (as I learned).
Another
lady having a tooth in which the nerve
case, a young
of the many
methods
was
commended
reexposed. I filled the tooth by one
Some
for capping nerves
and filling
such teeth.
time
afterwards
the tooth
discomfort, and the lady consulted
gave
in the profession,
another elder brother
who
the filling,
removed
saying,that I did not fill the tooth right." He filled it right."
versation
Later, the relation of the whole proceeding formed part of the concircle of friends (letus say).
at a social evening among
a
The slanderous
sidered
gossip used by this young lady,she evidentlyconherself justified
slow
not
to act
on
in, and was
it,and,
"toothache."

I found

two

"

"

other

among
were

foolish

Many

remarks, said
go with

to

similar

who

can

have

frequentlybeen
badly handled
by some
"

He's
expressions as
tooth," He can't see
"

much,"

He

censure

consulted

"

"

to

when
responsibility

I have

*'

under

come

refer to them

disclaim

student,who

my

didn't

present,

w^as

"

You

him, you'lllearn nothing there."

cases

I don't

to

no

to

other

good,"
filla tooth

kill the

nerve,

my

notice here

anyone

with

meeting

when

He's

too

and

my

have

been

I hear
to

scooped

tooth

cases

nervous

right," He
"

where.
else-

for,
particular,
such

by partieswho

dentist, and
"

in

and

ached

such

pull

it out

too

after he

42

DOMINION

filled it,"I Ikivc

no

simihir remarks

from

I)KNTAI"

alternative

but

similar

JOURNAL
think

to

will be

sources

for

myself,and, in darinj^to operate

gauntletof abuse and slander.
to

Is it not
entertained
Rank
of

true

that dentists

heard
I

some

often cater

too

that, sooner

or

with

later,

reference

running the

am

to the absurd

notions

by many?
misconstructions

who

have

go unchallenged under
lifetime in dentistry,
men

the very

noses

whose

publication
of name
and
professionhas been confined, ostensiblyat
card.
least,to that of the plainestshingleor the professional
Surely part of our
duty is to protect each other's good name,
ethics has no application
to dentistry.
or
On being consulted by a pessimistic
patron, a dentist may, by
is
what
if not by words, express
amounts
to, or what
manner,
of another's operation,
readilyconstrued into, a mild condemnation
it right,"or
method, or choice of methods, and while, by filling
gain the confidence of the
by pullingthe right tooth,"one
may
men

spent

"

"

individual

which

former

has

lost,which

confidence

is,to say the

what it cost.
The respecusuallyworth
table,
ethical,professionalman, by his social position,
which, more
than by his professional
attainments, is qualifiedfor good or ill,
Both
that no
quack is capable of
operate through the same
medium, namely, the publicmind, and through this medium, their
the profession
well as on the public,
for
is chiefly
on
as
influence,
felt,
is confined to his shingleor professional
man's advertising
card.
no
Without
sayinganything further for the present, I should like to
hear how
short experiencecompares
with that of other dentists.
my

least,cheaply won,

Have

been

and

unfortunate

of the, shall I say,

By

is

meeting with

Oliver

Step
Martin,

has been

said

element

more

than

of dental

my

share

patronage ?

in Advance.

L.D.S.,Ottawa, Ont.
on

the

teeth,it
subjectof filling
the dentist, ever}^ point

always of deep interest to

made
is noted, and a trial given,to test the merits of the new
idea,
whether
theoryor actual work. After so many
years of experience,
of imporit would
tance
impossibleto add anything new
appear almost
of filling
in the method
teeth,for,after all,it is but a method
one

that is

much

in

unmanageable

One

Although

"

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

43.

yet it has
preserving teeth as long as possible,
of the ingeniousdentist from its conception
He is not yet satisfied ; it is not hkely he ever
time.
of

feature in the dentist's character

This

him

to

that there

is

go

on

and

and
greater perfection,
such

no

improve

In accordance
more

in

dentists

the

manner

thing as

for

with

to

the

as

genuity
in-

present

will be.

is commendable.

stillgreater

absolute

the

taxed

ulates
It stim-

he understands

perfection; everythingmust

ever.

these
of

remarks, I wish

fillingteeth, as
of the subject.

to

ad\^ancc

I have

no

one

fear

step
of the

becoming wearied
of gold foil appears
itself superiorfor filling
The use
to prove
teeth, but it is difficult of manipulation,as the least moisture
this,the patient's
spoilsits cohesive properties. To overcome
is filled with
mouth
napkins, paper, rubber dams, propped open
with corks,jack-screws,
until the eyes bulge out as if in the last
state
at the rapid flow of
agonies, and the dentist, in a nervous
of preparation
saliva,knowing full well that after all his work
he is likelyto lose a good filling
before he can
finish it,as it will
take an hour.
It is to overcome
these difficulties in largegold
the patients,
that will
time
from
at the same
remove
a tax
fiilings,
than many
thanks
for the dentist.
bring more
I now
speak of largegold fillings.Foil will always be used
in small fillings
fifteen minutes, but when
of ten
it comes
to a
or
half hour, the system I shall propose
is preferable. We
will take,.
for example, a patient: three largegold fillings
to be inserted ;
are
it will take at least three sittings,
but often more.
Prepare the
cavities only at the first sitting,
take an impressionof them
(wax
is as good as the other
materials),
place your temporary filling
of wax
or
guttapercha,and dismiss your patientwithout fatigue
The difference is,
to the patientor to the dentist of consequence.
for these three teeth in your
a perfectfilling
you intend to make
laboratoryat your leisure,independent of saliva. Mix
enough
plasterwith fine plumbago to hold the plumbago together,and
set ; oil the wax
impressionas for an ordinary plastercast. While
the oil
to dry on
are
you
preparing the gold, place your mould
stove
is coin.
It is fine enough for
; use
22, fine gold,which
attrition.
change, but it will resist more
any filling
; it will never
The mould
be made
of the plasterand
can
plumbago alone, but
small
flasks in the form
of the
be
ordinary moulding would
"

DOMINION

44

better.

DENTAL

JOLRXAL

The

plastermould should be tied togetherwith a narrow

band
of tin, or
stove-pipeiron. Your three moulds
ready, and
melt
placed in convenient
gold in a small crucible,
position,
your
and
in one
fillings
pour quickly; it will not do as well to have two
mould, as one or the other is likelyto be imperfect. If the mould
is well made, the filling
requiresbut little trimming ; the sprue
dentist understands
cut off,it is ready. As
moulding, it is
every
three fillings
have
to
explain it. You now
ready.
unnecessary
When

the

patient makes

her

appearance,

saliva ; the first filling

is freed from
of

the

feel

you

dread

no

cavitycleansed
and trim so it
gold filling,
tooth,the

particles,
you try the fit of your
will enter
the cavity readily. Test
the articulation,and
accordingly. Everything being ready,a single napkin is all
wax

will be needed.

Mix

plasticfillingsthe

oxide-chloride

"

and

is

that

preferredon

of

oxide-chloride

your

adheres

zinc,or

to

Where

account.

of

metals

it does

that

of the

other

firmly,

very

not

trim

cause

too

much
to

line the cavitywith it,using but little,

but enough
irritation,
be pressed out.
there
When
you press in your solid gold filling,

will remain

imperfectadaptationof the gold,

and this is what is most
All the fine pitsand lines of the
needed.
is seldom
which
cavityare filled,
accomplished with foil,
up to the
thin edge of the enamel.
Owing to the nice fit of the gold,there is
but little oxide
the walls of the cavity to be
exposed around
acted upon
by secretions,and the action is not the same, owing to
the presence of gold,which
plays with zinc. It will endure as much
the tooth substance,unless too
is exposed owing to a bad
much
as
fit ; in such
which
do

so

as

it

justenough

from

remove

case,

is the work

of but

the centre

little

danger

bone

very
Whatever

little of

few

of the

spreadsthe gold over

of the

fillthe

to

decomposition,as

foil,

finishingthe filling
the surrounding walls,

the thin line of the oxide.

spread the

fillwith

In

moments.

towards
filling

teeth will also

of

oxide, and

the

gold.

it is but

The

nizing
antago-

Still there will be

film,and

preserves

well.

of this kind is from the exterior.

filling
In this manner
three gold fillings
inserted at one
are
your
with but littletrouble to your
sitting,
patient,and the satisfaction
that will stand
to the dentist that he has inserted solid gold filling
of incisors,
the test of time, with but one
napkin. In the case
the cavityis arc-shaped
or
bicuspids,
any of the front teeth where
defect

occurs

to

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

is

cutting edge

and

cavity of

the

with
tooth

will

that

of two

has

hole

to

be

can

screws

inserted.

useful

amalgam

is

objected

favorable

in the
little

with

hardly
with

an

the

the

to

hour

and

saliva

with

if it

screws

patients to
not

allow

can

be

to

drilled

brought

itself to

the

place
less

by
solid

this

the

This

this

in

the

front

more

teeth.

tin is

as

ner,
man-

points are
acquainted

ing
mallet, accordfor

mouth

out

than

form

will be

of

with

the

of

this

many

drag
of

the

tooth, in any

permanent

at

the

to

devices

of

shaped

on

wire

will
filling

privilegewill
be

be

can

cement,

foil

will feel confident

should

solid

inducement

The

will,and

what

fresh

are

cavity,with

quite an

gold.

adjustment
any

"

replaced

without

is

filling,it

to

this is

There

simplify.

can

in any

tooth

the

come

cases

gold filling
;

of resistance

dentist, who

to

we

account

in
gold filling

trouble, and

in
filling

be

on

cavity of

serted
in-

fillingsfor large

terrible

solid

filled with

into

be

same

technical

the

advance

held

can

teeth

the

impression

saved

be

play

into

in

power

patient.

be

two

patient's mouth, doing

the

produce

to

step

; it

out

but

fatigue of opened

improve

can

and

clamps, dams, cords, weights, all

more

It

the

it,the

we

this

their

fillings.The

will be

in

have
to

manifest

allow

of
more,

As

the

in

size

oxide

many

practitionersare

pressure,

in order

foil.

comes

little expense

foil

and

with
tin,filling,

produced

with

hand

of

the

in the

cast

The

easily.

In

mercury,

be

can

all

pain,
the

wire

necessary,

jaw.

the

the

into

much

After

deemed

principle of forming

dangerous
half

they

as

instead

advantages

gold, or

can

the

step in advance.

many

his

mention,

laboratory

the

contact

will stay,
filling

lower
of

it melts

patient'sversion

fightaway
the

gold

as

to

But

with

away

mouth

hole

can
large gold filling

account

on

trouble, as

in the

cavities

to

gold

be

of the

molar

drilled

gently.

it would

in

patient

of

Such

this way

In

third

necessary

them.

finish.

small

comes

be

the

end

it in

screw

Where

it
can

give

drill

to

when

the

tap

it off and

in

; then

in molars.

cut

it, or

and
filling,

cut

safer

hole

shallow

endanger

in the

be

where,
filling

tooth,

threads

hardened,

stand

the

not

three

or

of the

part of the

that

through

will

required,it

45

that
soon

securing
to

as

so

Time

wax.

filling. Now

we

part of the mouth,

operation,

than

small

DOMINION

46

DENTAL

JOURNAL

Legislation.

of

Draft

Proposed

Dental

Amendments

Dental

(Suggested l)ythe

Board

1.

Royal Collegeof
voting for al)
The

by

Surgeons,be

mail, each

that

so

Clause.

fixed

have

the

of
privilege

in such

necessary
going to the Legislature.
"

That
who

the clause

be

by by-laws to

amendments

any

No

"

elected

licentiate to

of Directors, of the
bi-annuallyby closed

candidates.

without

Penal

Association.)

the Board

details of the election to be

be made
2.

by

seven

Board,

the

may

Dental

forwarded

ballot

Dental

That

"

Ontario

the

Act.

Ontario

Directors.

of

to

of the Act

member

of

be

passed
details

amended

so

Royal
person
College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario, shall practicethe profession
of dentistryor perform any dental operation upon
or
prescribe
dental
for
hold a
to
shall
treatment
or
pretend
any
any person,
certificate of license to practice dentistry,
that he is a member
or
of the said the Royal College of Dental
Surgeons of Ontario, or
shall falsely
represent or use
any title representingthat he is a
that nothing in this
graduate of any dental college. Provided
clause shall prevent any person
from
aid to any
giving necessary
as

one

not

read

to

in

urgent need

given for hire

of

way

gaining

or

the

of it,provided that sucli

aid or
of
the
it made
gain, nor
giving

livelihood

is not

To add
3. Ethics.
dental practitioner
who

"

by

such

section

said

is

attendance
a

business

or

person."
to

providing that
inquiry,be judged by

the Act

shall,after due

any

the

guiltyof infamous conduct in an\^

professional
respect shall thereby forfeit his right to registration,
and his name
shall,if registeredby the Board, be erased from the
register.
be subject to
Provided
that all such
decisions by the Board
appeal to the proper courts of the province.
funds may
That
be provided from which the necessary
4. Fees.
clause
of
of
the
the
for
due
enforcement
penal
expenditure
of the Board of Directors
this Act, and the ordinaryexpenses
may
exceed
shall
fee
not
to
be paid, each
annual
licentiate
an
pay
Board

of Directors

to have

been

"

the

by

sum

of Three

the Board

of

All expenses
the

carryingon

Dollars,the
Directors

from

connected
of the School

with
of

(lessthan that) to be fixed

amount

time
the

to

tim.e

as

examination

Dentistryto

be

may

be

necessary.
and

of students

paid from

the

ex-

LEGISLATION

DENTAL

the

paid by

fees

amination

CANADA

IN

47

presenting themselves

students

for

examination.

5. Term
to three

two
a

half

Pupilage.

of

the

extend

to

sessions,and

of Directors

the Board

That

"

of lectures

course

the whole

dentistryfrom
pupilageto three and

of

term

be asked

in

for the students

vears.

to the

Amendments

Proposed
(Suggested by

the

Ontario

Eastern

Section
The

1.

who

members,

seven

shall

Act.

Association.)

Dental

Three.

of Directors

Board

Dental

of

the

collegeshall

said

office for two

hold

years, and

consist of
of whom

four shall form

a quorum.
member
of the

Each

2.

Royal Collegeof

Dental

Board

be

must

of

Surgeons

Ontario," and

elector in the electoral district which

an

member

of

"

The

also be

must

is hereinafter

he represents, as

provided.
lecturer in any collegeor school of
or
teacher,professor,
of the said
dentistryin the Province of Ontario, shall be a member
3. No

of Directors

Board
a

in

; and

member

any

of the

becomes

who

Board

in any collegeor school of dentistry

or
teacher,professor,
lecturer,
of the said
shall
to be a member
Ontario,
immediately cease

Board

of Directors.

4.

of

to

the

of the Board

death

for the

shall elect
remainder

electoral in district which

in

in such

electoral

case

otherwise,the
fit and

the

time

shall be

collegeresident
In the

or

the vacancy
elected

the

of any

schedule

resignby letter
or
resignation,
bers
remaining mem-

at any time
may
the event
of such

some

of

member
5. One
districts mentioned
6.

in

Secretary,and

occurringby

vacancy

vacancy

of the Board

member

Any

directed

to

in

person to fillthe
of the
the members

proper

from

occurs.
representation

from

each

this Act

by

of the
the

electorial
of

members

district.

member

of the

district to another, he
shall cause
his name

shall

who

collegeremoving from
immediately notifythe

to be

from

removed

the

one

retary,
Sec-

list of

members
in
in said district,
and transferred
to the list of members
the district to which
he has removed, provided he has so removed
before the close of the nominations.
at least one
month
of the Board
7. Elections
third Tuesday in July in every

of Directors
second

Section
I.

The

Province

of Ontario

shall

be

held

on

the

year.

Four.
shall be divided

into

seven

electoral

DOMINION

48

from

numbered
districts,

may

of the

member

any

the

day

is

nominee

candidate

any

of

name

for,the

district

candidate

at the

Directors,by sending

the

of the

name

as

of

electoral

least four weeks

at

paper

election,statingthe

the

collegeof

of the Board

nomination

Secretarya

of

elements

this Act.

to

of their district

ensuing election for members

to

the constituent

and

in sclicdulc A

five members

Any
nominate

JOURNAL

to seven,

one

chstrict is shown

of each
2.

DENTAL

before

electoral

the

district the

candidate

in

with
full,

his address, and signed by five nominators, with their address appended
thereto ; and
the Secretary shall,immediately on receipt
of the nomination, notifythe candidate
that he has been so nominated
aforesaid.

as

of
3. In the event
the time prescribedas
a

member

of the

candidate

only one

being

nominated

within

above, he shall be notified that he is elected

Board

of

Directors

for the

ensuing

of

term

two

years.
4. In the event

of two

or

the
any electoral district,
such electoral district the
this

in such

5. At
electoral

to

and

6. On

before

from

the

the

two

or

candidates

more

for

notice

member

for the

list

from

with
district,

candidate

of the

list of

nominated,

are

memo

of the ballot.

return

his

is

sent

he

that

Board,
candidates, provided he

Secretarybefore the list of candidates

by

and also
district,

the Secretary
day of election,
in any
who
are
voters
college

listof candidates

allowed

receiptof

to become

electoral

of the

dictrict in which

voting paper
of the limit of time

in

nominated

electoral district.
members

the

the

wish

in such

least three weeks

shall send

being

to be prepared for
Secretaryshall cause
form
in schedule
of voting paper
B to

Act, a listof candidates

of members

candidates

more

name

to

does

shall
so

not

be withdrawn

notifies the

the voters

as

vided
pro-

5 hereof.
shall vote
by

sub-section

enclosing the voting paper, in the

to
Act, in an envelope marked
"voting
the
the
said
be
delivered
and
to
must
Secretary
envelope
paper,"
the third
at his office in the City of Toronto, on
any day before
in
in
is
held
in
the
election
which
an
July
; and any
Tuesday
year
received by the Secretaryby post before that time
voting paper
7. All voters
form
of schedule

shall be

decided

to

this

be

delivered

to

for the

him

of the

purpose

election.
8. The
voted

voting paper

for,the

number

shall contain
of the

candidate,and the addresses

the

electoral

of the voter

name

of the

candidate

district of the voter

and

and

candidate.

voting
Any envelopes received by the Secretary marked
him
shall
be
unopened.
paper,"
preservedby
The voting paper shall,upon
the third Wednesday in July,
10.
of scrutineers
be opened by the Secretaryin the presence
to be
and count
appointed as hereinafter mentioned, who shall examine
"

9.

DENTAL

LEGISLATION

IN

CANADA

49

the voting paper to see

The scrutineers shall examine
the votes.
that the voter is entitled to vote in the electorial district in which
he presumes
The
11.

to vote.

the completionof the counting of

Secretary,
upon
declare the result of
and the scrutiny,
shall forthwith
votes
as
election,and shall,as soon
convenientlymay be, report
in writing singed by himself
and
the scrutineers,
to
same

the
the
the

of Directors.

Board

The

12.

at least two

will act

who

the

Board

of

weeks
as

Voting
with
Secretary,
13.

previous to
at the

scrutineers

received

papers

ensuing election.
late shall be

too

of his

receivingthe
unopened.

the date

to the scrutineers

shown

default,the President,shall,
the election,appoint two persons
in

Directors,or

marked

so

same,

and

by

the

shall be

14. The Secretaryand scrutineers shall not divulgefor whom

of the collegehas voted, and
they shall subscribe a
any member
declaration
similar
the
to
one
prescribedby the Municipal
statutory
and
.Act for scrutineers,
shall be present at the
15. The
received too

number

no

but the scrutineers and

one

the

Secretary

count.

of

papers, and voting papers

in the report to the Board
of

spoiledvoting

late,shall be mentioned

Directors.
16. The
which

he

Secretaryshall
presides.

be

not

candidate

of a tie in the number

17. In the case
presidentshall have the castingvote.
18.

Voting

counted

for any

papers

received

the

Electoral

District

No.

"

of votes, the

too

over

retiring

day of election are not

Secretaryshall keep them

to be

in

late."

Schedule

Counties

election

after the

candidate,but

parcelby themselves, marked

at any

"

shall be

A."
of the

following
Frontenac, Glengarry,

composed

Addington, Carleton, Dundas,

Lanark, Leeds, Lennox, Prescott, Russell, Renfrew, Stormont,
:

Grenville.
Electoral

District No.

sh allconsist of the

followingCounties

Algoma, Durham, Hastings,Nipissing,

Northumberland, Muskoka,
Prince
Ontario,
Edward, Parry Sound, Peterboro',Victoria,York,
except Toronto.
Electoral
Electoral

District No.

3 shall consist of the

District No. 4 shall consist of the

City of Toronto.
followingCounties

Halton, Dufferin,Lincoln,Peel,Simcoe, Wentworth, Welland.

Electoral

District No. 5 shall consist

of the

followingCounties

Brant, Elgin,Halton, Norfolk,Oxford, Waterloo.

Electoral

District No. 6 shall consist

Grey, Bruce, Huron, Wellington.

4

of the

followingCounties

DOMINION

50
Electoral

DENTAL

JOURNAL

District No. 7 shall consist of the

and Perth.
Lambton, Middlesex

Essex, Kent,

SciiKnULE

ELECTORAL

hereby

Dated

"B."

DISTRICT

NO.

for.

vote

...

followingCounties

of
L.D..S.,

the

at

day

of

A.D.

18

L.D.S.,
of

Selection.

Mouth

Breathing

not

the

Cause

(Read

Eugene

before the Section

of

of the American

Mouth

S.

races
pure
deformities
of the

stands

to

In
of

an

Adenoid

or

jaws
becoming a
so

are

reason,

also

known

not

many

among
uncivilized

modern
and

teeth.

very

common

You

cases,

causes

the

races,

occurrence

the

which

produce

early races,

will all admit

of
irregularities

then, that the

in
necessarily,

must

Laryngology and Otology at the Forty-secondAnnual Meeting

Association,at Washington, D.C., May, 1891.)

Medical

present

people, and

and

Jaws

Talbot, M.D., D.D.S., of Chicago.

breathing was

breathingis

Contracted

Vault.

High
By

of

neither

the
are

that mouth
our

among

jaws and teeth.

produce the

will

own

It
one

the other.

The
able article upon
the subjectof
Hypertrophy at the Vault of the Pharynx

Influence

"

otherwise

the
upon
York
New

Palate," read before the

Development of the Hard
November
Odontological Society,
19, 1890, by Dr. D. Bryson
He
Delavan, the author speaks of mouth
breathing as a cause.
The mouth
dropping
breathinghabit compels the constant
says:
the
from
of the lower jaw, which
cheek
the
superior
hanging by
This
the
constant
maxilla, causes
jaw.
duces
proupper
pressure upon
and
arches
of
lateral
alveolar
shortening of
flattening the
"

them,

in consequence

of which

there is not

sufficient space

for the

SELECTION

eruption of the

canines

grow forward."
Other authors

mention

of the

tension

when

51

they

that

due, and

are

sleepingwith

therefore

they

the mouth

open

duces
pro-

muscle, this causing the jaws

buccinator

contract, and they suggest different theories by which

bringsabout the peculiarform of deformity. There

to

this pressure
also very

are

medical
who
teachers in our
colleges,
gentlemen (specialists),
before
the
students
this
as
a
cause.
are
constantlybringing
theory
in
This teachinghas a tendency to defeat scientific investigation,
of the true condition
the real causes
the direction of ascertaining
of the nasal passages, by assuming to place
found in obstruction
The students
the real fact,namely, mouth
breathing,as the cause.
for this
take it for granted that this is the cause
and the only cause

able

condition.
Let

look at

us

facts

few

as

been

they have

presentedto

in

me,

the constant
study of the deformities of the jaws and teeth for the
past fourteen years, and you, gentlemen, shall be the judges
mouth

breathing has any thing to do with contracted

arches or not.
In the firstplace let us glance at the parts involved.
line. The
The superiormaxillarybones are united at the median
alveolar process.
surfaces have upon
their border
outer
an
Gray
as
one
bone, the superior maxillary
speaks of these two structures
bone ; but from the function,structure
and positionof the alveolar
in its relation to the maxillarybone proper, they should be
process
described
The
as
maxillary bones
separate and distinct bones.
so
arranged
proper are made
up of dense, compact tissue,and are
whether

as

resist force.

to

The

outer

surface

supportedby the malar process, which

the maxillaryprocess, and the canine
molar.

At

mesial

canine

portion forming the

also observe
and

nares,

the

is situated

the

outer

is fortified and

at the first nent

permahave
the strong, thick

we

bridge of
surface

the

nose

the

to

of the nasal

cavity.

of the two halves of the maxillarybone.

If a saw
from
fossa
canine
the
should
to
one
we
other,
through

that it involved

the strong

the outer
situated

the

justat

palate.
and

the

palatedoes

ranging from
the

was
see*

pillarof bone which goes to make

up
This
o
f
bone
is
cavity.
strong pillar
location of the cuspids;
point of the permanent

nasal septum, form a strong support to the

The maxillarybones are for the attachment
of muscles
resistance of force in masticating food.
The
hard

not

after the teeth

between

We

surface of the nasal

this,together with
hard

the
alai,

that the nasal septum is situated at the centre

of the
is attached
to the maxillarybone
at and along the place

of union

passed

between

midway

eminence

eminence

extending from

plateof bone

of the bone

the

the normal

assume
are

one

the second

highestvault

all in
inch

position.

above

the

bicuspidand
I have

seen) down

the twelfth year, or

be high or low,
may

shape until
The

vault

margin

of the

first permanent
to

alveolar
molar

one-quarter of

an

process,

(which is
inch from

DOMINION

52
the

point,which

same

either

they

case

of the bones
on

is

and

before

for its

vault

I have

observed.

In

the

varietycle[)en(Jin^
shape
upon
The
alveolar propeculiarform.
cess,

the other

hand, is made
structure,
up of soft,cancellated
for
the
of
the
of
the teeth
solely
protecting
purpose
germs
they have erupted,and it also supports the teeth after they
the

appearance
and been absorbed

being

JOURNAL

lowest

normal, each

are

until

to

is the

of the head

place in

in

are

DENTAL

jaw.
they are

the

From

time

the teeth

alveolar

lost,the

three distinct times.

The

that

the

then,

process

teeth,it stands
protectionand support
of
the
and
alveolar
shape
position
process depend

of the teeth.

The

fibres,and

It is

developed

of the

the location of the teeth.

upon
is not influenced
shall see later,
muscular

their first

has

process
alveolar

solelyfor the

reason

make

The
to

bone
muscle

penniform
shape.
of
the
the
above
jaws,
body

It has its
alveolar

is

the

is,therefore,under

in

by
composed

extent

great

any

buccinator

therefore,as

proper,

process

insertion

ment
move-

the

will.

along the
jaw, and

the upper

on

we

of striated

of

control

originand

the

iiii!iiilli(!li;[l!iiniili
FIGURE

the alveolar process on

bicuspid tooth anteriorlyto

the lower.

below

of the muscle

centre

with

the

the

tooth

wisdom

would, therefore,be in

grindingsurface

of the

from

It extends

teeth,and

one

the first

posteriorly.The
direction

in the other

on

line

direction

at

of comIts function is for the purpose

molar.
the first permanent
pressing
is derived,and
its name
whence
air in the act of blowing",
also for the
teeth
arches
many

of carrying and
purpose
There
are
during mastication.
where
cases

mouth
of normal

breathing does
arches

where

holding

the

food

under

the

of contracted

cases
many
There
exist.

not

it does

exist.

As

are

all

also
are

SELECTION

the seventh

and

breathing frequentlycommences
very earlyin hfe;
other
the
until
to form
commence
hand, never
jaws,on
the tenth year, except in
or
eighth,and in most cases

mouth

aware,

contracted

cases

When
these conof monstrosities,or from traumatic
ditions
causes.
the
usual
unlike
contracted
exist they are
arches,
wholly
and therefore should not enter
be diagnosticated
at once,
can
Contracted

into this discussion.

saddle

cause

all the

(Fig.2)
blendingsof these two.
which
produces the

i),and
and

53

has been

observation

of two

other varieties

kinds

being

that there

high

are

two-thirds

more

vault the alveolar process

FIGURE

and

the teeth

and

alveolar

"

(Fig.

modifications

It is apparent to every one

that
the
does
other.
not
one
produce
the

and

the

My

saddle-

high vaults,

of these deformities

an

that in the

reason

are

the low vaults than among

among
inch as an average, but where
one
with a high vault it is always more

shaped arches
of
taking^^tPexists

"

arches

marked, for the

high and thin.

is

2.

easilycarried in one direction or the other

with very littleresistance.
In the V-shaped arch, commencing at
the first permanent
molar, there is a gradualnarrowing of the teeth
are

more

toward

process

the

median

line,where

the

incisors

reach a point or may

stand in their normal
positionto each
may
other.
is
a
Invariablythere
protrusionof the teeth and alveolar
process,

and

not

the

jaw.

arch, the bicuspidsare

situated
Unlike

the

between

V-shaped

On

carried

the other
inward

hand,
and

in the

saddle-shaped
riably
deformity is invamolar and the cuspid.

the

first permanent
varietythe anterior teeth and
the

alveolar process
contracted
hard

The
never
protrude in this class of deformities.
palate is always associated with the V-shaped variety,and
cases

extends

backward

to

the second

bicuspid.

It is

never

in most
seen

DOMINION

54

DENTAL

JOURNAL

in
seen
s.'itlcllc-shapcd
variety. The hi^h vault is never
of teeth,nor
does it develop until the second
all
set are
is at the twelfth year.
in place,which
The vault commences
to
incisor
f
rom
the
neck
of
the
until it reaches a line
slopeslightly
the roof of the mouth
from the first ri^htbicuspidto
drawn
across
then
the first left bicusi)id,
and
it gradually or
abruptly slopes
is
drawn
until
line
which
is
reached
the jaw from
a
across
upward,
the anterior surface of the opposite permanent
molar.
From
this
is usuallyon
level ;
to the soft palatethe dome
a
pointposteriorly
and
a
a
we
see
occasionally
slightdepression
occasionally
slight
elevation,but these are so slightas to escape notice unless one
were
looking for the peculiarity.In mouth
breathing the lower
sufficient
for
of the same
the
jaw usually drops only
passage
is
of air as would
volume
which
pass through the nasal cavities,
about
one-half
inch.
Old
often
with
the
mouth
only
people
sleep
fullest
the
but
these deformities of
and
to
frequently
extent,
open,
the jaws and teeth never
after the eruption of the teeth, say
occur
with

the

tlie first set

at the

twelfth

conscious

of

fifteenth year.
When
tension of the orbicularis

or

one

his mouth

opens

oris,but

not

of

he

is

pressure

how wide
it may
be opened. This
buccinator,no matter
the
of
the
is
under
control
muscle, being
will, always passiveexcept
of the

in the act

of

blowing or eating,therefore contraction

during sleep
of
As
muscle
extends
is wholly out
the question.
the buccinator
to the first bicuspidonly,it can
anteriorly
produce no effect upon
the V-shaped varietyof deformity,in which
is also found the contracted
is
vault.
the
that
Therefore,
likelyto be
only deformity

FIGURE

3.

which
saddle-shapedvariety,
I shall explain later. The
for reasons
which
cannot
produce the contraction, because when

produced

is the

is out

of the

question

orbicularis oris muscle

the

mouth

is open

SELECTION

55

Thus
the pressure exerted on the six anterior teeth is backward.
that which
carried in the opposite direction from
the teeth are
is
be taken to produce this deformity. Again, the pressure
must

justas great upon the

in place. More
them
the six anterior

teeth when

possible)
by

(ifit were

the
upon
force is exerted
by the
incisors

as

the mouth

the buccinator

cuspids,thus holding

orbicularis oris upon

is open, than can
be exerted
which
would
tend to
muscle,

strated
place. For years it has been demonby dentists in regulatingteeth,that it is very rare for the
when
is brought to
of
apices the roots of teeth to move
pressure
of regulatingthem.
bear upon the crowns
of teeth,for the purpose
like
the cuspids,are
This being the case, teeth having long roots
hold

the anterior

less liable to
incisors and

teeth

move

in

than

teeth

bicuspids. Since

in the

FIGURE

which

with

short

moving

roots

of

like the
tooth

lateral

the greatest

4.

takes

that
place is at the neck, it stands to reason
the greatest absorptionand depositionof bone
takes place at that
point. The roots of the cuspid teeth are largerand longer than
ated
situare
any other teeth in the jaw; unlike other teeth the germs
the outside of the
considerablyhigher and farther toward
alveolar process, so that when
close into position,
they come
they
from
the
the
all
other
while
the
teeth
to
diverge
apices
crowns,
stand nearly,
or
quite,perpendicular,thus showing that the roots of
these teeth do not influence the hard palate. I have shown
that
the first permanent
molar and the teeth posterior
to them
are
never

change

involved.

I have also shown

that the centre
of the muscle in both
directions is located at this tooth.
is it possible,
since all the
How
teeth are covered by the muscle upon
one
side,that half are carried

DOMINION

56
inward

the

and
the

alike,and
is
to

the

never

produce

Muscles

the

pressure

with

much

contract

to

produce

to

influence

sides,which

degree sufficif^nt
deformity. It is
exerted
cular
by mus-

Some

of the muscles

in

pressure

contract

it is

of

possible

expect

to

The
this process.
of the tissue
pressure
is
sufficient
affect
the alveolar
to
teeth, not

by

the roots

of the teeth, but even

if it could modify
not
structures, its force would
stop there,and would
of
of
it
In
to the osseous
most
out
vault,bending
shape.

through

process
those spongy
extend
these

not

must

both

than
respiration,
would
no
one
durin^^sleep,yet

more

of the

crown

do

sides

upon

parts of the body.

do

to

find the ribs modified

upon

uniform

be

if mouth

A^ain,

contraction,both

necessary

in other

exert

normal

knowlcd^^eof the

our

for the buccinator

JOURNAL

remain

deformity must

structure

the

half

of the

cause

case.

inconsistent
the chest

oilier

the

breathing is

DKNTAL

the

cases,

process
alveolar

and

superiormaxilla

teeth

is very

and

the diameter

smaller

much

than

of the

alveolar

inferior

the

maxilla,

cheek
teeth ; in such cases
the muscles
and
process
could not reach the teeth and alveolar process upon
the upper jaw.
This is always the case
of irregularities.
in the worst
forms
The
and

changes which take placein bone, are not a bending in at one place
and forcingout at a weaker
point to compensate for the space lost,
but are an absorptionand depositionof bone at the point of pressure.
And
if such were
the case, the strong pillarof bone
even
situated at the very point of contraction
of the alveolar process,
with
the
both
form
for the
nasal
a
together
septum,
strong bulwark
from
resistance to the pressure
which
is situated quite a distance
the top of the vault
would
be
it
as
Again,
impossibleto produce
sufficient to break

pressure

weight

of

tongue

exerts

would

buildingto
a

prevent

pressure
For

as

much
the

the dental

break

the arch

greater force
inward
movement

the muscles

of

door

in the

act

of the

of the cheeks

it would

arch, as

w^ere

the

be for the
The

window.

or

of

swallowing,and
teeth if so slighta
ity.
of the deform-

cause

of argument
it were
let us suppose
possiblefor
should then
muscle
the buccinator
to produce this contraction
; we
uniform.
find
modification
the
of
the
structures
osseous
expect to
This would
shut out semi-V
(Fig.3),and semi-saddle-shapearches
the sake

and
(Fig.4) entirely,
in which

there

incline to the
the muscle

majority of

is bilateral asymmetry,

prevalenttheory,no

will act

on

one

of
irregularities

other

for however

one

would

side of the

much

dare

mouth,

to

while

the teeth

one

would
that

assert

that

on

the

(Fig. 5), and partial

it still less plausible.In these
teeth
inward
bends
two
with sudden
where
or
meet
we
only one
be involved,which
could only be produced by a centralization
may
of
of force on
one
given point or fibre of muscle, a peculiarity
opposite side remains
passive.
saddle-shapedarches (Fig.6),make

function

that has

never

yet been

Partial

ascribed

to

muscles.

The

muscle

SELECTION

two
or
impossible for one
its influence upon
of the muscle
to exert
a
bicuspid. It
cinator
teeth.
two
or
more
Lastly,if the bucnaturallylap over
acts as all muscles
uniformlythroughout its extent of con-

being penniform in shape, it

fibres
would

would

FIGURE

traction,below
narrow

57

its median

contracted

arch

be

5.
efficient in

line it is just as
in

as

its upper

portion,and

whenever
expect to find the lower maxilla contracted
is
which
facts.
A V-shaped arch
one
is,
contrary to

FIGURE

occur

upon
these teeth

from
arch

the lower

strike inside

moving
may

occur

forward.
on

if the

jaw

the

of
A

upper

and

are

saddle, partialsaddle

lower

we

should

the

upper
never

can

6.
teeth articulate

the

producing a

jaw, but

these

normally,because
usuallyprevented
and

semi-saddle

deformities

are

not

DOiMINION

58
often

When

seen.

occlusion
semi-V

with

and

contracted

(jccur

the
in

JOURNAL

they are
upper jaw.
that

arches

partialV-shaped

contracted
vault

they do

the teeth of the

the side of the

upon

than

more

DENTAL

proportion

the

to

that

normal.

We

always

the

amount

improper
observe

in

alveolar

process is
side is contracted

the alveolar
of

that side is not carried up beyond

In the saddle, .semi-saddle
and

on

result of

deformity. If one

shall observe

other,we

the

is

process

deformity; the
the other side, which is
the

partialsaddle-shaped

find the alveolar

built up about the teeth in the

arches,
process
of the shape of the arch.
If we
preciseuniformityto the nature
take 3,000 models
in groups
of the upper
them
jaw, and arrange
we

according

to

the

forms

here

of the

closelythe arrangement
unable

to

external

and
represented,
teeth

in

find any two alike in either group

the jaws from
force acting upon

then

each

examine

group,

; thus

the

very

will be

we

showing that
could

outside

an

not

If it were
possiblybe the cause.
possibleall the models of one
would
resemble
form.
Dr. Delavan
exact
some
variety
says that
The prominence of the anterior regionof the alveolar arch is still
further increased by the projection
forward of the superiormaxilla
taken
of the upper
teeth."
The
at this point,and
doctor is quite misas
regardsthe projectionforward of the superiormaxilla."
The maxillarybone never
protrudesin front in this class of cases,
it is only the alveolar process
which is carried forward by "the projecting
teeth.
The
only issues involved in these deformities are
"

''

the teeth

the

on

one

hand, and the alveolar process

In most
the cause
of these deformities
cases
of the maxillarybone.
This condition

hereditaryinfluence,but
fevers and

long
and
from

all lesions which

sickness.

maxilla

also to direct

takes
sunken

When

place we
condition

are

arrest

always

constitutional
of

of

is due

not

and

as

of the

face

on

the

which

development of
a
depressionat

notice

of the bones

the other.

is arrest

such

causes

on

the

development
only to
eruptive
produce
superior

the alae nasi,

the line drawn

extends
occasionally
up to the floor of the
orbits.
If we
will examine
closelythe faces of an audience in
of all
Chicago,we will observe that from fortyto fifty
per cent,
these peoplehave this arrest of development of the superiormaxilla.
Such being the case, arrest of development must
extend
necessarily
of the nose, thus producing mouth
to the bones
breathing. Ziem
has frequently
shown
that if one
nostril of a rabbit be permanently
closed,and the animal killed after it has attained its full growth,
the nasal cavityof the affected side will be found to be undeveloped,
and asymmetry
of the face will take place. Arrest of development
of the bones of the nose
and hypertrophy of the bones and mucous
membrane
will ensue
result. A good illustration of hyperas
a
trophy
of use, is observed
of mucous
from want
membrane
by
one-half
dentists when
to
the gums
pufl'up, thicken and extend
of brushing. It
three-fourths of the length of the teeth from want
ear

to

ear,

and

CORRESPONDENCE

59

cause

be useless for any one

to say that mouth
breathing is the
of V-shaped arch in every twenty, and that some
of one
case

other

cause

would

produced

the

will work

which

law

rest

of the

deformities.

in all varieties

We

of contracted

have

must

arches

as

well

constitutes a very small percentage

variet}'
of the whole.
I have watched
the development of these different
varieties for the past fourteen years, have taken impressionsof the
as

the

V-shaped, which

of

mouths

compared

of the most

some

I have

them.

marked

also

cases

produced

every
most

three

of these

months
forms

and
in the

of the teeth for the purpose

of correcting
deformities.
I regret that it will be impossibleat this time to show how these

movement

different forms

of

of the
irregularities

teeth

are

produced, but they

Irregularities
upon

nicelydescribed and illustrated in my work

of the Jaws and Teeth, and Their Treatment."
I will,however^
the
that
of
the dental arch
caused
diameter
they are
by
long
say
being too great for the long diameter of the superiormaxilla.
Having then discovered the cause
(thatof arrest of development of
the maxillary bones) of contracted
of the
jaws and irregularities
teeth,have we not a good foundation to work upon to discover the
of deflected septum
and
mouth
cause
breathing*? The Dental
Register.
"

are

"

Correspondence.
Plain

Speech

to

Quacks.

have
who are
some
men
Sir, We
us
among
shadows, and who call a spade anything but

afraid

"

own

is

of their

spade.

There

of

much
less tryingto reform men
who are quacks,,
trusting,
can
quacks. Any advantage they
get by being
noticed by us they will use againstus, and I know
port
you have the supof the respectablemajorityof our
dentists in the plainway
show
these humbugs
liars.
It is the most
to be conscious
you
or

no

use

who

act

word
fitting

like

for them.

Let

it stick to them.
Yours

Winnipeg.

etc.,
L.

D.

S.

Obituary.

The

Hon.

Dr. P.

of Quebec, one
of the Dominion
Baillargeon,
Senators, the oldest practisingdentist in the province,died last
month.
Dr. Baillargeon
of the members
of the first board
was
one
of Examiners
of the
Dental
Association
of Quebec," elected in
"

DOMINION

6o

1869, and

the

succeeded

of his uncertain

account

the work

DENTAL

JOURNAL

late JJr. A.

health,he

J^ernard
took

never

president. On

as
a

active part in

very

of the

association,excepting as an examiner, but he was

of those fine old-fashioned
it was
education
an
i^cntlemen whom
members
who
to know, and the
associated with him for
were

one

many

will

years

bear

ever

kindly remembrance

of

his

geniality.

Editorial.

That

After

''Report."

sending the report

of the

of the

Barrie

meeting

to

the Secretary

Association, and

receivingit back "revised,"we give

it up in despair. It is impossibleto make
head or tail out
of the
jumbled mass, and it would be simply ludicrous to print it as it
stands as a report of the proceedings.

We

have

to

Registerfor

the

thank

Dr.

of the

use

J. Taft and the publishersof the

Dr. Talbot's
cuts accompanying

in this issue ; also to Dr. Talbot

Dr.
correct

E. a.
an

Stebbins,
in

error

one

for his valuable

of Shelburne

line of

"

our

article

contribution.

Falls,Mass., wishes
Remarks

"

in the

referringto the use of Argenti Nitras. He does

is moisture
There
crystalsbefore applying them.
He wants
cavity,or in the tooth,to dissolve them.
of the salts. Any of our
readers wishing to refer
full will find it in the October

Dental

of the

number

last

issue,

dissolve

not

to

us

the

enough in the
the full strength
to

the article in

International

Dental

Journal
Proposed

Amendments

circular

to

issued

by

Association,there will be submitted

to

According
in session, a

to

bill to

amendments

amend
has

been

the

Dental

Dental

the

Ontario

the Eastern
the Local
Act.

printed,and

Act.

Dental

now
Legislature,

draft

copy

of the

mailed

to

posed
proeach

EDITORIAL

It is

licentiate in the Province.

Ontario

into

the Board

upon
its limits

the Board

"

proposed

of Directors
to

to

consist

by

of

seven

the Province

divide

of which

each
districts,

electoral

seven

6i

member

of

will be represented

residingwithin

members,

at

as

present.

of the Royal
by mail,each member
Collegeof Dental Surgeons being furnished with a voting paper,
it over,
who will hand
sealed to the Secretary,
which he will return
bers
Any five memunopened, to scrutineers appointed by the Board.
of the College may
nominate
a candidate
by sending a notice
before the day of the election,
to the Secretaryat least four weeks
selves.
and address of the candidate,and signed by themgivingthe name
the Board,
vacancies
Provisions
also made
for filling
on
are
notifyingcandidates, maintaining the secrecy of the ballot,etc.,
elections will be conducted

The

which

need

be

not

in that it

in any

That

of the said Board

change

clause,however,

is noteworthy

provides that no teacher,professoror lecturer,

school of dentistryin the Province
of Ontario^

member

One

here.
"

collegeor

shall be

detailed

elections

of

sort

some

was

of Directors."
necessary

in the

manner

of

ducting
con-

pointed out by this journalat the time of the

last election,
held in July, 1890. Among
those who
were
present
that occasion, there were
on
only two or three recent
graduates
from
outside
of the City of Toronto.
The
for
this was
reason
obvious.
in a trip to
The
loss of time
involved
and
expense
Toronto
could
be ill-afforded by some
and
by others,no doubt,
of proportion to the personal benefit to be derived.
seemed
out
Now, although we have not a word to say against the personnelof
the

present

was

Board,

to develop an
likely

who

live in what

Every
owned,

say that

interest

dentist should
and

that he

in

be called

may

maintained
and

do

we

can

the
the

know

controlled

express

his

such

School

of

state

of

affairs is not

Dentistryin

outlying districts
that

the School

of

of the

those
vince.
Pro-

Dentistryis

vince,
by the licentiates of the ProHe should
opinionby his vote.
franchise he is making himself

feel,also,that in exercisinghis
for the actions
responsibleto a certain extent

of the Board.

If,

thus

he is enabled
his vote,
to register
knowing his responsibility,
trouble or expense,
without
it appears
that he can
to us
practically
leave but small grounds for complaint.
There
we

is

consider

one

part of the proposed amendments,

unjust,and

that is the clause

however, which

requiringfive signatures

DOMINION

62

to

nomination

elector

This

paper.

cities,where

to

nominate

can

JOURNAL

DENTAL

is almost

certain to confine

candidate

for the

One

obtained.

easilybe

signaturescan

nating
the nomi-

of Commons

I louse

or

of

mayoralty of a city,and why any licentiate should be deprived

for the Board
than we
is more
the rightto nominate
a candidate
be said that in some
in the City
understand.
It may
districts,
of persons
nominated
might
Toronto, for instance,the number

be

large,but

the
of
can

the

have

should

if this be

even

choice

of

better

is it not

true

dozen

candidates

that the electors

rather

than

two?

for our
form of government
lege,
Coldemocratic
strictly
have
the opportunityto say that we
let us
not
give anyone
in favor of the largercities and
towns
as
opposed to the
legislated
If

we

adopt

smaller.
The

clause
be

collegecan
as
by some

member

aimed

of the same,
education

providingthat

and
and

at
to

of the Board
who

one

whose

doubt

the staff of

faithful member

long and

dental

fear,be interpreted

will,we

has been

efforts in the

individual

cause

of dental

dental

the present high standing of

legislation
is largelydue.
While
this makes
Province

professionin this
questiona rather delicate
believe the principle
upon
no

professoron

no

that the clause

to

one

which

was

handle

at

it is based

inserted

to

the

the

present time, we

be correct, and

obviate

to

the

have

difficulties which

future time.
In prescribing
the curriculum
might arise at some
of study and exercisinga generalcontrol over
the teachings
of candidates, the directors
of the College and
the examination
have
an
important duty to perform, and in the opinion of the
Eastern
Ontario
Dental
Association
this duty can
be best performed
Board
which
is
of
the
entirelyindependent
by a
teaching
staff of the school,which, looked upon
is undoubtedly
as
a principle,
To
show
the present
under
what might be done
correct.
otherwise

system, let

us

suppose

some

future

time

the

Board

should

As
City of Toronto.
the Board
is now
constituted,those four members
being a majority,
could appoint themselves
professorsof the school,pocket all the
of study, and
curriculum
an
fees, prescribe their own
arrange
examination
in accordance
with their own
teaching. It is true,
nothing so high-handed as this would be likelyto occur, but it
and the Faculty,
the Board
to illustrate the relations between
serves
and the desirability
of their being kept as distinct as possible.
contain

four members

that at

livingin

or

near

the

PERSONAL

the above

Since
Ontario
Dental

Dental

written

was

Association

Act," which

received

have

we
"

63

Draft

amendments,

the

from

Amendments

Proposed

of

according

to

Secretaryof

circular

unanimously agreed upon at the meeting of

Barrie,last July. We are not in a positionto say that any
been made
in preparingthis draft,althoughit seems
to us
connected

all expenses
should

be

also

were

extend

with

the

of the

carryingon

the

panied
accom-

Societyat

mistakes

of

that

Dentistry
four.

fees,as stated in section

paid out of examination
surprisedto read in section five,that the Board is to be

the

have

ridiculous

School

the

to

which

it,were

the

of lectures

course

for students

from

three

to

two

We

asked

to

years, etc.

the changes
granted the power to make
to command
mentioned, we fear that the Legislature,
being accustomed
rather than request, will not
ask the Board
to do
anything of the kind,
that this section appears to us quiteout of place among
the proposed
so
As

the Board

amendmeuts

alreadybeen

has

the Dental

to

which

three refers to

tration
system of regis-

As
provisionis made.
referred to
it stands,therefore,
it is meaningless,unless the registration
the grantingof a license to practisedentistry,
the
in which
means
case
distinction between
those who
have
is
have and those who
not registered
quite unnecessary, as those who have not registeredhave no rightsto
forfeit. The
resolutions passed by the Ontario
Dental
tended
inSocietywere
elevate the profeswould
to provide for changes in the law which
sion
and improve the present system of electingthe directors,
and
upon
these questionsit was
tiates
thought desirable to obtain the opinionof the licenthat the
It is to be regretted,
therefore,
throughoutthe Province.

amendments
as

on

account

expressionof

has

Section

Act.

no

have

existence,and

been

of their

opinion

submitted

for which

to

the

no

professionin

ambiguitybut little value

upon

their merits.

For

the

we
profession
sincerely
hope that when
it will be in an
different
Legislature
entirely

the

be

can

the

their present
attached

welfare

matter

and

comes

form,

to

any

credit
before

of
the

form.

A. H.

H.

Personal.

Dr.
West

G. L.

Curtis, of Syracuse, has established himself at 130

in the surgicaltreatment
York, as a specialist
34th Street,New
of diseases

neck.

The

abroad

for the

Doctor

and
has

deformities of the mouth

had

the

best

practiceand study of

(jaws),face

opportunitiesat
this specialty,
and

home
while

and
and
most

DEN'I'AL

DOMINION

64

all of his

of his friends and

should

Dr.

W.

of

turn

he

increase

D.

patientswill regret his

it is desirable

dentistryproper,

JOURNAL

that the

reflect honor

and

Miller, of Berlin,who

abandonment

class of Dental
to

our

own

of

Oral

geons
Sur-

profession.

has

tribute
kindly promised to conwrites
the 3rd February, that after a
to this journal,
us, on
nearly six weeks of influenza,followed by nervous
tion,
prostraof
kind
of
and
was
was
work,
utterlyincapable any
justoff

for the

Riviera

admirers

in the

announced

for

of

loss wall be

wrecks.

few

professionw\\\
the Doctor

that

the Chair

Histology in
our
gain.

His

multitude

for his

pray

speedy

of

friends

the

It is

recovery.

has

accepted an invitation to
Universityof Pennsylvania.

and

occupy
Berlin's

Reviews.

T/ie

Physicians Visiting List for i8g2.

valuable

This
needs

any

noticed

in

Post-Graduate

will hold

forty-first
year.

regret that it

came

too

It

hardly

late to be

Dental

Association^i8gi.

S. S.

Co.

usual,very valuable

The

we

of the American

White
As

is in its

But

delphia.
Blackiston, Phila-

last issue.

our

Transactions

29th

little work

introduction.

P.

its annual

and

30th

and

Dental

meeting

at

well

printed.

Association
the Welland

of

the

United

States

Hotel, Chicago,April

next.

Barrett, of Buffalo, N. Y., Drs. T. W. Brophy, Louis

Ottofy,and others,of Chicago, will present essays and addresses.
An interesting
has been
dance
prepared,and a good attenprogramme
Dr. W.

C.

of the professionare
invited.
expected. All members
become
members
of recognized Dental
Collegesmay
00),and dues for one year in advance
by paying membership fee (v$i.
is

Graduates

($1.00).
L. S.

TEN^"EV, Secretary,

g6 State Street,Chicago.
R. B. Fuller,

President.

DOMINION

JOURNAL

DENTAL
Vol.

IV.

TORONTO,

1892.

MAY,

No.

Communications.

Original

"Yesterday."
By
the

Entering
in

thick

many

woods,
I

years,

office

to

was

office,with

White

"

small

These
of trade.
than

we,

There

offices,and

society

as

to

convention

and

to

dental

or

excel.

saw

work

They

were

as

that

movements

country.

older

often

have

board

or

and

wiser

from

other

seeds

since

Jones,

before, in

years

to

walls

of

exchange

listened

of the

the

depot

part of the
an

man

bench,"

rule

by

two

that
like

special cases,

stimulated

were

in

were

with

bounded

branch

kind

depot

met, talked

we

consulted

opened

dental

the

the

at

for the

badly,

horizon
to

as

training for
"

preceptor

not

was

mechanical

my

but

My

first of the

the

visits to

to

visits

had

who

the

way,

Having

way,

occasional

McCurdy,

circumscribed, I

of value

work."

"honest

do

Boston, ignorant of its scope

at

very

mechanical

of the

very

1852,

guide.

no

became

soon

in

doing things

in

environment
with

L.D.S., Montreal.

Bazin,

profession

condition, my

or

A.

J.

to

the

become

so

common.

in

Bear

1839

the

year,

and

crude

being

that

first road
also

way,
a

mind

the

railroads

leading

to

had
New

not

yet

passed

York

had

been

1841, the beginning of the

in

first conveyance

wheel-barrow

and

hand-cart

collect

to
"

postal

their

opened,

express
material

'teens
and

(in
that

business

in

and

parcels

accommodation

infre-

DOMINION

66

quent and

DENIAL

and
exixjnsivc),

will

you

JOURNAL
the insular

perhaps understand

of the times.

character
In each
luminous
had

but
lar^^e
city,and there were
point was beginning to send out
feeble existence, with

mechanical

operativeor
1854, another

in

five

six at

or

Three

rays.

instructor

no

branches.

Later,

in

one

was

that

dental
of

two

time, a
leges
col-

them

appointed

in
in

1857.

Two

the Dental Xezus

were
Letter,
quarterlies
strugglingfor life,
begun in 1848 (now the Cosmos),was
making its way as the agent
and
mouth-piece of that organized dental supply house, Jones,
White
" McCurdy (now the S. S. White
Manufacturing Company),
branch
then only six years old, and their New
York
but four years
were
being talked about, the former
going. Ether and chloroform
an
being the first used, only in 1847, and I find that it was
upon
old friend of mine
In

1848

or

that

'49 I had

first recorded
lower

permanent

influence.

The

experiment
molar

made.

was

while

extracted

amalgam war" had died out,

pound
killingone Society,but doing some
good in improving the comand
of use.
To
manner
give you an idea of how that
received in 1845, I refer you
to Chapin r^. Harris, pp.
matter
was
dentists had
1850, and prior to, most
259, 2nd edition : About
furnace
their own
for making
incorruptible teeth, resembling a
S. Stockton, of New
than anything else.
more
'splitbean
Jersey,
in
had begun to supply
teeth and
small way
a
gold stock. John
in arms,
Allen and Hunter
were
giving and taking hard knocks in
defence of priority
in continuous
or
platinawork.
gum
The
News
Letter,of that time, being their mouth-piece,and
doubtless
of this forward step in
to spread intelligence
doing more
than any peaceable way
could, sides were
porcelaincombination
much
taken, and from the heat of the contest
light was
rapidly
off.
given
teeth were
Gum
the market, in unfading
beginning to appear upon
color, rose pink and
purple of cassius givingway to the
in use.
Well do I remember
the fear and
preparationsof gold now
ing
trembling with which we heated up and soldered a piece,not knowwhether
the gum
would
disappearand leave a smoky brown in
its place.
It was
marvellous
the strides made
in those six or eightyears,
from
priorto 1852, in the growth of artificial teeth manufacture
under

the ethereal

the

''

"

"

'

'

'

"

"

"

"

"

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

67

the single
and
continuous
Allen
to the
splitbeans
gum,
the straightpin or
" McCurdy, from
tooth of Jones,White
gum
grooved slot,which would pullout or break, to the foot-shapedpin
in
of tooth.
It was
with its fine adjustment of size to thickness
into use
sections in 1856.
1862 that the headed-pin came
; gum
Without
largelydue to the S.
question,these advances were more
He it was, who, forecasting
S. White
Company than to any other.
idual
the great needs of the dentist,began to supply them.
(Each indiv"

"

those

dentist either
other

some

by.) His manufactory became

effort converged. Experiment
at a goodly pace.

hand-in-hand
the

In

White

foil

office

with
"

the

Common

rocker

what

on

standard, and
wads

cotton

offices

some

wipe

to

It

about

was

invention

went

took

improvement

this time

have

the instruments

with

it,which

been

only

Foil,either in ribbon

or

work

much

soft

with

done

was

I see,
in

the

months

block

form

by

it.
to

same

1850.

gold was
improved since
tooth

one

ture,
litera-

current

sponge

I had

use.

few

new

Abbey's

and
cavities,

recommended

for its

the

examined

and

dailyuse,

raisingseat.

the

out

that Watts'

it has

I lost

and

in

we

in use, and

was

paper

but
profession,

the

which

teeth.

napkins were

that bibulous

wonder

durable

very

prevent floodingof the lower

In

and

platform was

open-mouth
its tip back

chair, with

was

to

the centre

chairs,for instance,much

from

got them

or

period,

own

our

remember
*'

of

matter

that

place at

instruments,

own

near

all inventive

In

his

made

put before
that

day, as

filled in

1854

ago.
was

the

common

method

of

with wedge-shaped pluggers,the idea of those using the

filling,
ribbon being to calculate the quantity needed, and
have
it in one
piece. Among the fathers of that day a change was going on, in
transition from the key to the forcep,in extracting. (The forcep
of 1839), and
invention
skill in the use
of the
being an
my
elevator,I think, is due largelyto that circumstance.
In this
carbolic
It
and

acid made

was

to

decade, '52 to '62,I think adhesive

fortune

my
see

the

which
so

obnoxious

their

"

Yankee

resulted
to

in

the

and
foil,oxychlorides,

impress on
'54 to be

general practice.
engaged by Dr. J. A. Cummings,

Baker," in which
in his

dentists

his

obtaining those
of the

experiments
patents

States,were

made.

in vulcanite,

that became
This

en-

DOMINION

68

DENTAL

gagcmcnt

terminated

nfiethod of
with

the spaces
filling
melted sulphur.

'55 I

came

work
In

to

because

JOURNAL
protested against the dishonest

between

the

teeth and

Montreal, entering the office of Dr. Bernard, he

wishing to givehis patientsthe improvements of

and

continuous

That

artificial

gutta percha was

teeth,but

In Dr. Bernard's

wheel, which

it had

had

I found
be

to

the crude

moment,

in

carving

brought
short

very

to

for
life,

notice
very

as

soon

base

for

vulcanite

front.

to the

came

the time

work.

gum

summer

platein gold

of that

stones

sand

helped by puttingwet
had

antique lathe,whose bulky wooden

for
speeded with a heavy foot,propelled,
an

time, whose
them.

upon

cutting power

Fortunatelythe

was

Doctor

Chevalier"
which had been in the market
about six
brought a
With the oxychlorides,
soon
or
months, and none better have I seen.
after,the rubber dam (1864)and automatic pluggersbecame known,
and

"

the

to

was
filling

contour

the

On

craze.

great convention. Dr. Salmon

and
clinics,

Father

my

visit to

used

his

Boston, in '66,

invention

at

the

Atkinson

expounded, in eloquent and glowing

new
terms, this
departure,"the young disciplesflockingto him
to tell of and
him the huge lumps of yellow restorations
to show
to the
originaltype form."
But thingssettled in due time, and the residuum
all in the
was
"

"

line of better results.

to the

Passing on
in two
in

years

was

came
'70's,

appliedto

the Stone

flexible

shaft,1873,which
the dental engine by
Morrison," and
"

these,engine mallet, adhesive

gold,rubber dam and oxides of

conditions
and
zinc, all embraced
appliancesthat have enabled
operationsto be performed surpassing the imagination of the
most
sanguine. Before then, excavators, smooth pluggers,cotton
wads, the drill stock

slack

the outfit of the

bow, constituted

soft gold,tin,mastic,
were
filling
and amalgam, the latter being held in disreputeby many.
With the introduction of the preparationof zinc,it may
be said
that the advanced
of exposed nerves
date successtreatment
ful
may
advanced.

most

The

and

materials

for

results. Prior to that time, metal

of
W.

portionof
Allport,now

vogue,

and

the

caps

with

or

without

excision

pulp ; this excision being advocated by Dr. W.

the practice in
of Chicago, or direct filling
was

if abscess

threatened, the lancet and

powder, turnkey or forcepsclosed

the act.

leech, Dover's

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

69

of
method
introduced
had
a
day, Dr. Hullihen
had a very extensive
of ex/fosec/
to have
treatment
pu\ps,which seems
and others
and to judge by the reports of Dr. Cone
following,
in the News
Letter of '52-'53,
to be said
to be found
etc., has much
in its favor, the percentage of successful cases
being very high.
His plan was
to the livingpulp
to drill into the side of the tooth
before filling,
and
leaving this opening free,it would, in a short
time fillup with secondary dentine,life remaining in the pulp.
of the file;
All approximal cavities were
to by the use
gotten access
of moist
elastic rubber, or the expansive power
not
cotton
being
known
generally. Yet, with these simplerimplements, and limited
much
appliances,
good work was performed,that at this day would
I
Dr. W. H. Elliot,who
Here
in Montreal
was
delightus to see.
find referred to by Harris
in '45 as
being in Plattsburg,N. Y.,
Harwood
whose
results with Abbey's foil would astonish you.
and
Earlier than

the

my

Tuckers', of

Boston, and

of those
representative
give the best possible.
I first

to

came

be found

to

were

When

Wetherbee,

Montreal

in

for

Elliot, Dickinson

teeth

baking
days we had
city. Plain
work

teeth

gold

on

Gum

the
or

teeth with

modern

silver

platewas

bands

that he had

not

were

had

Webster.

and

most

I well remember

city.

dentists

Montreal, only three of whom

up, and

set

one

done.
in the

one

"

cities,
strivingto

six

were

quartette that

in all the

there

offices at that time

were

Dr. Elliot

the

most

sayingto

knowing

that

from

New

opened office

Dame

him

in Notre

excellent

Street,near

workman

few

in the

common

late in that

me,

the fine work, not

returned

made, I think,by any

agreeablysurprisedat
be.
In May or June

Dr. Trestler

in

equipment

after my

seen

furnaces

But

the first set J made

year,

having

and
arrival,

the square,

such

was

could

York, and

bringingwith

in

Within
another
gold,etc
year
Dr. Young, father of the present Dr. Young, opened two
doors
Dr. Trestler.
My intercourse from that time to
away, east, from
this

very

Dr.

Trestler

genialityis ever

fresh.

the

with

remembrances

many

student

with

In that

same

in the death
in

C. M.

New

year

of

two

York

has

been

It would
that

of

the

most

take

night

crowd

upon

cordial
and

me.

kind

day

to

Brewster

his

detail
was

Dickinson.
Dr. Webster
sons,

and

who
were

suffered

were

home

great and

terrible loss

in dentistry
perfectingthemselves
for the holidays; they,with

DOMINION

70

three other

excellent

DENTAL

JOURNAL

of the

city,bein^ drowned
by the
capsizingof a yacht in Lake Champlain.
had his office in little St. James Street,near
Dr. Bowker
the Gas
narrow
a
office,
pied
street, only half its present width and mostly occuby dwellings.*Elliot was where the Citizens Insurance Co. is,
but

sold

out

men

youn^

in

VanBuskirk,

to

There
oppositeDollard Lane.
Street.
Many of the merchants
that

Street and

1856, and

were

but

lived

Dickinson

four

stores

was

in St.

nearly
James

their .stores in St. Paul

over

vicinity.

could
be found
west
Probably not thirty houses
Square, either on Dorchester or Sherbrooke, and only

of

Phillip's

three

St.

on

Catherine.
of Cot^ and Craig,oow
Jourdain had his office on the corner
Bernard
in that building on
was
a beer garden, and
Craig Street
Our furnace and laboratory
now
occupied by Tyler,the candy man.
Dr.

in the second

were

the

story front,the doctor's

best bed-room,

he

attic to

give place^toprogressivedentistry. I
for eight months, and
remained
with him
then
began in a very
for myself in Fortification
humble
of NordLane, in rear
way
heimer's Hall, but the next
pied
occuyear moving to the premises now
Not long after this Dr. Webb
by Notman."
opened an office
retiringto

"

St.

in St. Lawrence
his

in

from

practice,
coming

Dr. C. Brewster

1857, who

lived

At

his death
St.

W.

only about

succeeded

to

Albans, Vt, in 1867, I think.

partner with

became

B. McGowan

year,

his preceptor,

leavingW.

G. Beers

Dickinson,
as

student

in the office.
Besides
Buskirk's
became

Dr.

Webb,

hands, and

H.
soon

D.

Ross, of Quebec, graduated from

our

French

friends

caught on

and

Van-

students

numerous.

going on in small as well as

as
a base
began to invade continuous gum,
great things. Vulcanite
well as gold work
as
(in 1859 or i860)and righthere I would affirm
that it has developed more
careless,slovenlywork and mal-adjustbenefit to the poor, than any
ment, as well as being of immense
of.
One of the
material that I know
other change in method
or
little thingsthat I consider great in results is the spoon
excavator,
honor be given. And
be it Cooledge or Wetherbee
to whom
Jacks'
scientific applienamel
chisels
is another exhibit of a thoughtful,
cation
All this time

improvements

"

"

of

means

and

ends.

were

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL
I would

recommend

treatise

whole

all other

In Harris' second

if

as

might
you

go

are

One

would

that

have

in

were

existence,now

of matter

pages
times.

in

I show

number

one

you

number

much

of the

"

score

not

still make,

at the

more,

each

whole

volume

most

one

many

much

said

Thus,

chestnuts," as

or

one,

or

than in

later time.

have

made, and

impressionon the profession.

1st. Journalism; in those earlydays

Jacks'

to chisels ; it would

is made

cognizantof these later days.

or
two
thoughts in closing. I

great influences

two

weary

of

Dr.

command.

my

reference

invention

an

tillyou

on

no

enamel

on

edge of chisels from

at

sources

edition

they were

the

in

it is that

I got clearer views

therein.

is hidden

from

adv." than

seem

instruments, for often

new

preservationof

cutting and
"

all,the reading of all advertisements

to

journals concerning

our

71

of

about

powerful
nals
jour-

two

having

more

of those earlier

Letter oi the first volume,

of the News

and two of advs.,of this latter,

reading matter
the greater part jeweller's
material.
Compare itwith the Cosmos
of to-day,its successor,
with thirty-five
or
fortypages of excellent
and
matter, fullyillustrated,
quite as many of advs. with cuts, so
forth our
careful
draw
and
fine,that they compel our admiration
call them
Then
the quality and
ours.
savings,that we
may
character of papers found in the journalsshow a stilllargerexpanding
of our
if
And
such
the
is
stride
in
these
fortyyears,
specialty.
what will it be when
shall be lookingback to your
men
you young
broad the foundations
yesterday? How
ought to be, to bear such
of the future.
a glorious
structure
to be in the womb
as
seems
2nd. As an auxiliaryto journalism,is societyorganizations. I
in
of the opinion that near
the
this time
am
150 exist at
United
of them
States, most
meeting semi-annally. Consider
the influence
be in shaping results, forming
such
factors must
ing
character,enlarging the mind, mellowing the heart, and liberalizthe man.
Make
all the use
of these you
We
possiblycan.
with

its ten

afford

cannot

with

to

leave

their influence.
and

keeps

for stratagems
minister
It

of

pages

seems

to

tooth

rather

He

from

and

them

alone.

Our

that reads not

will bear

are

identified

the literature of his

friendlyintercourse

and
spoils,"

interests

with his

watching

sion,
profes-

fellow, is fit
"

when

called

to

diseased.

singularthat

I should

have

come

in contact

in

DOMINrON

72

earlier years

my

with

DENTAL

Dr.

JOURNAL

Morton, of Kthcr

fame,

Dr.

Colton, who.se

"

"laughing ga.s led Dr. Wells, of Hartford, Conn.,

in ether and
to the experiments that culminated
chloroform, and
the
J. A. Cummings, who, through his agent, Josiah Bacon, was
exhibition

of

best hated

man

in the United

In those earlier
There

seemed

visit

to

to

dentist.

We

All

outside.

as

requiredin receivingpaticnt.s.
sort of disgraceassociated with being obliged
in the office as well
had to avoid publicity

days great
be

sorts

patientsseeingeach

two

had

Dr. Webster

part by
He

had

lathe,and

some

desire to have

been

tact

was

of stratagems

had

to

be

u.sed to

prevent

other.
of character,manifested
in
peculiarities
almost a machine
shop in his laboratory.

maker,

gun

States.

believe,and

drop-presswhich
sixtypounds from

he

used

I remember

fine machine

in

swedging plates,letting
fall about
foot to eight,as he desired.
one
this morning
which
An
incident
occurred
seems
a
fitting
An elderlylady called to
appendix to this paper of reminiscence.
three teeth removed, one, as
have two
she stated, being a root
or
I show
it as a perfect
which
several had
tried to remove.
you
which
lain in the jaw for over
had
canine, superior,
sixty years
is more
is that this
undeveloped ; and what to me
interesting,
further back
than
lady'sexperiencewith dentists goes much
my
She
had
Dr. Paine, predecessorof Elliot,and
Scripture
paper.
remoter
a
yesterday
operate on her teeth,and is a link between
and to-day.
a

"

"

How

to

Procure

an

Impression^ of the Mouth

Inclined

By

C. V.

to

Nausea

Snelgrove,

and

when

Patient

is

Vomiting.

L.D.S., Toronto.

lozengeswith one-quarter
you some
your druggistto make
grain of cocaine in each lozenge. Before taking impression allow
Get

the
patientto dissolve one of these lozengesin mouth and swallow
ing
give patientanother lozenge,allowspittle.If one is not sufficient,
time
enough for the lozenge to dissolve slowly,and you will
find you can
take an impressionwith plasterof paris without
any
inconvenience
to patientor yourself.

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

Cocaine

of teeth

for extraction

anesthetic

Local

73

pulps :

or

Hydrochlorate

carbolic

grs.

v.

xtals

grs. iv.

Camphor opt
Glycerine pure

grs. vi.

Acid
Gum

gS%

grs.

spts vini Rect. Q.S. ad

xv.

3 ii.

"I

drops deeply into the

the gums
inner and outer
side of the tooth, and apply over
on
gums
lint
the tooth,also in cavityof tooth, a piece of absorbent
around
four or five minutes
Wait
in the solution.
or
cotton
wet
(by the
tooth extracted
be freelyincised and
can
watch) and the gums
with but little pain.
Hypodermic syringe. Inject one

Sinus

from

A.

By
On

March

consult
There

was

old

running

Tooth.

Beers, M.D., D.D.S.

H.

"

tissue about

of

centre

the

There

process.
this

to

came

face.

left side of his

the

on

sore

to the mastoid

extending
healed
the
openings near
renewal
of supuration.
History of case :

aged eighty years

man

of indurated

mass

back

"

Abscessed

an

5th, 1892, an
about

me

two

or

of the

angle

two

were

with

mass,

jaw,
recently

threatening

"

Had

began
head

swell.

to

several
"

had

never

linseed
"

toothache
His

wife,who
The

old

had

some

from

trouble

entirelydisappeared.
He

then

went

to

who

assured

him

him

he would

soon

and

came

tooth.

to

September

know-it-all

His

Montreal
it

was

be all

the conclusion

had

man

neuralgicpains since last fall.

jabbing of a penknife all over
He

is

Last

and proudly succeeded

poultices,

his face.

on

in his life.

applied
bringingit to a

creature,
in

suffered

great agony

He

compared

the

left side of his face

trismus

physician had
and
cancer,

right.
that

was

him

time

I examined
it

to

lanced

consulted
gave

them

short

his face

from

the

ago,

his

repeated
and
scalp.
but
face

it has
once.

homoepathic quack,
told
and
some
pills,
his face thoroughly,

sinus from

an

abscessed

DENTAL

DOMINION

74

his

I examined

JOURNAL

found

that

I found

the

and
teetli,

he

had

remarkably

])utridremains of the
from
left upper
dens-sapientiawith a cheesy-looking exudate
had a putrescent pulp,
its neck.
The
lower dens-sapientia
around
I removed
both the upper
tender
and
on
w^as
slightly
pressure.
The upper
and lower teeth and gave him a few simple directions.
good

of teeth for his age.

set

I extracted

as

Its

reasons.

the

the lower

of the sinus, and

cause

of putrescent

uselessness,the presence

for several

one

pulp,incipient

of alveolar abscess.
and
the probable occurrence
pericementitis,
not
likely
Living as he did twenty miles from any doctor, he was
I
burst on his face.
until it had pointed and
to consult
one
any
in poulticingthe
his wife of her error
endeavored
to convince
face for alveolar abscess,and, I hope, with success.
has had
that the old man
I have since heard (two \yeekslater)
great relief from the neuralgicpains.

Dental

By

D.

V.

Dots.

Brockville,Ont.

Beacock,

that are already

germicides,
filled with moisture
be so weakened
; by so doing the germicidemay
In all cases
to be
as
entirelyvalueless.
dry thoroughly before
applying.
It is useless to saturate

been

It has

said that the world

doings,and that
adjusted that the balance
acts

cavities with

and

the law
sheet

gets value received

of

compensation

tallies

to

is

for all of its

accurately

so

the millionth

part of

fraction.
it has a direct
acid,for besides being an antiseptic,
salisylic
action on
the epitheliel
cells of the mucous
membrane, always
destroyingthem and leavingsound and healthy tissue beneath.
I like

A
that
them

personal defects will commonly

importance which they have to himself.
man's

so

will other

have

others

just

lightof

If he makes

men.

a
grind down
piece of piano wire for a
take two round-edged corundum
wheels, screw
or
engine mandrel, hold the wire in the groove

To

with

broach
them

on

between

or

root

to your

them

filler,
lathe
while

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL
from

them

running

keep turning the

you,

75
wire

have

constantlyto

it

even.

average

dentist

1856 there

In

Haven, the other

Dr.

Kingsley
of

woman

only

were

in New

refinement

address, interested

in

assistant

education, of

her vocation, and

to

in

America,

in New

one

city.

the ideal

and

all she is called upon

Too

York

that

says

vulcanizers

two

of the

that

Hfe of the

physician is fifty-three
years,
is only forty-two.

The

in

office is

dental

pleasing

devoted

and

manners

of

the welfare

to

serve.

dentists

trade,completely
practisedentistryas a mere
teeth they
degrading it to the very lowest, by boasting how many
have pulled and
how
boiled rubber
plates they have made,
many
many

the

and

number

of

holes
knot

carpenter puttying up
of these

many
saved

so

To

so-called

clean

the

put

in wood

do

to

hear

we

hide

How

boasting that they have

pieces from being porous

old rubber
plate,scrape or

when

an

thickest

the

part among

new

ing,
vulcaniz-

file the

surfaces

soft rubber

piecesof Watt's metal or block tin

when
weight is no objection; for lower

purpose

to

work.

bad

Small

packing.
same

dentists

similar

plastered up,

thick

piecesfrom

and

holes

have

teeth ?

many

prevent very
cut

they

will

when
the

answer

the metal

cases

is best.

Twist

do,

as

end.

wire
piece of wire, either tinned, nickle or aluminium
they are always bright; fasten a small bit of sponge to
a

This

makes

grinding roots
Cut

made

and

five cent

drill holes

at

octagon

handy thing to wet corundum

in the mouth.
crowns
fitting

wheels

American

size

suitable
or

nickle

distances,cut

into
into

off the
round, by filing

tapped the handiest

for

nut

there

most

durable
be

acid

pan

ever

when

be

can

make

when

be had.

into a
piece of sheet lead can be formed
malletingit on a round ball,such as a croquet

best and

They

the

required,

These

squares.

corners.

regulatingto

stripsany

will

dish
ball.

or

shape by

cup

This

makes

used, far better than

the

copper

Enough lead should be left

at one
side to form a handle; lead about an eighth of an inch thick
will answer.
I have tried enamelled,,procelainand copper
dishes,
but have found nothing to equal lead.
seems

to

no

wear

out

to

it.

DOMINION

76

of

Proceedings

Dental

University
Below

will be

Toronto

found

the

Universityfor the

Note.
those who

Candidates

"

honors
candidates.

pass

"

Fell,H. R
Class

II.
"

Dental

Kinsman,
S. A.

arranged alphabeticallyin two classes ;

placed in Class III.,in alphabeticalorder,

B.

Aykroyd,

in

examinations

recent

are
are

F.

Toronto

degree of D.D.S.

Class

OperativeDentistry

of

Societies.

result of the

in honors

fail to obtain

togetherwith

JOURNAL

DENTAI.

S. Anderson, J. A. Black, J. H.
Ross, D. C. Smith, G. A. Walters.*
I.
"

E. A.

T.
Billings,

C.

Trigger.

Class III.
Kinsman, Ross.
Anderson, Aykroyd, Billings,
Black, Fell,Smith, Trigger,Walters.
ters.
Dental
Class
I.
Anderson, Black, Kinsman, WalPathology
Class II. Aykroyd, Billings,
Fell,Ross, Smith, Trigger.
Class II.
Dental
Histology Class I. Black, Fell,Kinsman.
Walters.
Class
III.
Anderson, Aykroyd, Ross, Smith,
Billings,
Prosthetics

Class

"

II.

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

Trigger.
Medicine

and

Class

Surgery
"

Black, Kinsman,

I.

Class

Walters.

Class

Fell, Ross.

"

royd,
Ayk-

II.
"

Anderson, Billings,

III.
"

Smith, Trigger.
Materia

Medica

Class

Walters.

Therapeutics Class
IT. Aykroyd, Kinsman.

and

"

Black, Fell,Trigger,

I,
"

Class

"

son,
Ander-

III.
"

Ross, Smith.
Billings,
Physiology Class I, Fell. Class III. Anderson, Aykroyd,
Black, Kinsman, Ross, Smith, Trigger,W^alters.
Billings,
Class
II. Anderson,
Class
I. Aykroyd, Black.
Anatomy
Fell,Kinsman, McBride, Ross, Smith, Trigger.
Billings,
Class II.
Chemistry Class I. Aykroyd, Fell,Kinsman, Ross.
III.
Class
Walters.
Anderson, Billings,
Black, Smith,
Trigger.
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

March

Meeting,
We

enjoyed

i6th,17th

visit
delightful

meetings last March,

are

About

and

to

indebted

i8th, at Burlington.

the
to

Vermont
a

member

members

Dental
for

"*G. A. Walters

degree.

Society

the

There

were
eighty
report.
present.
S. Curtis, W'^est Randolph;
The
President, Dr. W.

President, Dr.
President, Dr.

Annual

Society's Sixteenth

(U.S.) Dental

State

Vermont

ist

ing
followwere

Vice-

George F. Cheney, St. Johnsbury ; 2nd ViceA.

Falls ; Secretary, Dr.
J. Parker, Bellows
will take

supplementalin anatomy

before

being admitted

to

OF

PROCEECINGS

SOCIETIES.

DENTAL

77

Treasurer, Dr. W. H. Munsell, Wells

dolph
RanRiver ; Executive
Committee, Dr. E. O. Blanchard, West
H. Wright, Brandon
Prosecutor, Dr. G. W.
; State
; Dr. W.
Dental
White
River
Examiners, Dr. G. H.
Hoffman,
Junction ;
Swift,Manchester
; Dr. James Lewis, Burlington; Dr. R. M. Chase,
L.
Bethel ; Dr. J.
Perkins, St. Johnsbury; Dr. O. P. Forbush,
Montpelier; A. Z. Cutler, of Bennington ; C. S. Campbell, of St.
Albans
Carpenter, of Strafford ; George W. Hoffman,
; Harden
N.
F.
of Hartford
Hamilton, of Richford ; F. W. Hudson, of
;
River ; E. E. McGovern,
Brandon
H. Munsell, of Wells
of
; W.
H.
of
W.
Townshend
Spencer, of
Vergennes ; A. J. Parker,
;
C.
O.
of
St.
R.
W.
F.
Tinker,
Warner, of
Johnsbury;
Poultney;
River ; B. C. Jenny,
St. Johnsbury; Charles T. Clarke, of Saxton's
of

Rutland

Mound,

Thomas

Bennington

Manchester

C.

; W.

R.

W.

C. Linsley, of
Huntley, of Brandon
; R.
lington
Staples, of Lyndon ; S. Hubbell, of Bur-

George Beers, of

Geo.

Ludlow;

C.

Webster,

Montreal

Junction ; James Lewis, S. D.

Burlington; L. Gilman, of St. Albans.
River

The

State

of Dental

Board

F.

Charles

;
; G.

of St. Albans

Meacham, of
Wheeler, of White

A.

Hodge, J.

Examiners, whose

E.

of

Taggart,

given
meeting. During the past year, there have been
who
several licenses issued to the following men
held diplomas
from
reputable colleges: Fred. McNervy, of Manchester
; Mark
H. Brown, of Shelburne
Falls, Mass. ; K. Longfellow Cleaves, of
Montpelier ; J.J. Beardon, of Hoosic Falls,N.Y. ; G. L. Feond, of

above, held

Brandon

names

are

Fred.

Wilder, of

R.

St.

; G.

Albans

L.

of

Dixon,

Colbrook, N.H.
No
the
men

candidates

the

to

R. M.

of this committee

Chase,

of Bethel

International

Dental

for examination

fact that

State
colleges. The
Dental
Congress met,

members

The

presentedthemselves

this is due

year, -and
the
to

Columbian
The

have

Committee
laid

and

are

; and

the

G. F.

Thomas

Congress

during

law drives
present
for the World's

plans for work.

Cheyne, of St. Johnsbury;
out

Mound,

of Rutland.

has

appointed as a Finance
: J. L.
following men
Perkins, of St. Johnsbury; James Lewis, of Burlington ; R. M.
H. Wright, of Brandon
Chase, of Bethel ; W.
; A. J. Parker, of
Committee

Bellows
The
1

6th,

for

of Vermont

the

Falls.
first session
in

the

Curtis
the

State

the

of the

The

presided.
Secretary,Dr.

minutes

Thomas

the
7.30 o'clock,on
House.
President
W.
S.

meeting opened

parlors of the

Van

Ness

of the

Mound,

at

previous year
of

were

Rutland, and

read

they

by
were

approved.
Two

applicationsfor membership were

presented,bearing
of
names
Bristol,and Charles F. Meacham,
George L. Fend,
Ludlow, and they were
favorablyacted upon.
of

the
of

DOMINION

78
The

of welcome

address

Burlington,who
remarks.

DENTAL

said

made

it would

recjuiredbut

It

then

was

that

JOURNAL

few

be

words

Dr.

by

James Lewis,

useless

to

extend

of

offer extended

hearty welcome
were
meeting. I le spoke of
upon
of the meetings, of the honorable
the value
standing that the
kindred
State societyholds among
Vermont
organizations.
Dr. S. Hubbell, of Burlington, then
on
presented a paper
Koot
Immediate
Filling." He said that he believed that this
be universally
asked to fill
adopted if dentists were
process would
Better methods
of antiseptictreatment
but healthy roots.
none
in
but a comparatively short
been
have
use
adopted than were
much
the difficulty
to remove
time ago, and these have done
of too
before
is a
filling
precipitousfilling.Too prolonged treatment
the
dentist
a
nd
his
best
in
all
must
use
practice,
judgment
wrong
The paper
that
was
technical,dealt with methods
cases.
strictly
with the
are
thorough familiarity
widely approved, and showed
The
it
discussion
was
following
general.
subject
in

to all who

to

attendance

this

"

Dr.

of Bellows

Parker,

immediate

root

by

success

immediate

waiting. He

had

root

had

Lewis

said

under
filling,

believed

that

that

proper
in

perfect success

mechanically,and

teeth

Falls, .stated that

filling.Dr.

this

he
he

in

was

had

favor

had

better

conditions,than

removing the
operation,if

of

by
of

nerves

well

done,

perfectlysuccessful.

was

stated that he wished

Dr. Hubbell

to

be

understood

as

filling
immediately,if the root was healthy,but
where
the tooth needed
preliminarytreatment.

favor of
cases

Dr.

Hamilton,

of

have

immediately,and
Dr.
he had

Richford, said

good

that he

could

not

being
there

in

were

fillall roots

results.

Merriam, of Salem, Mass., stated that in prolonged treatment

seen

immediate

very

unfavorable

treatment

with

results.

In many
of these cases, the
the most
antisepticswere
satisfactory.

Dr. Spencer, of
Dr. G. W.

Rutland, also made remarks.

River Junction,presented a
Hoffman, of White

paper

laws are
failures
one
or
more
Legislation." Because
of
kind
all
this
should
be
decried.
is no
reason
legislation
why
shoulders
Cease
to the
technicalities,
quibbling over
put your
all
do
dental
to perfection."
to bring
can
wheel, and
legislation
you
of
had
been
Dr. C. W.
Staples,
Lyndonville,
assigned the
full
Practical
A
CleoplasticPlate, with Models."
subject,"A
of
of
of
the
construction
a
plate
cleoplastic
explanation
process
was
inspected by those present. The
given,and the models were
feature of the session.
and profitable
a very
interesting
paper made
of Springfield,
E. Eddy, formerly of Bellows
Falls, and now
of
Mass., and Dr. J. C. Walton, formerly of Brandon, and now
and
N.
their
Manchester,
H., presented
they were
resignations,
accepted.
"

on

"

Dental

OF

PROCEEDINGS
G.

Dr.

Swift, of Manchester,

H.

from

request, removed
resolution

makes

which
valuable
which

for him

it necessary

society,stating the

the

with

list and

active

rendered

services
Swift

Dr.

such

is

to

his
of

The

all

his

at

honorary
appointed to
of

Swift

Dr.

connection

active
members

the

at

Board,

Examining

constituted

was

and

an

be

the condition
sever

him.

member,

resolutions

made

committee
at

gratitude

by

79

unanimously,

was

that a
Staples moved
expressing regret

Dr.

member.
draw

the

SOCIETIES.

DENTAL

committee

of
to

for

presentation.
adjourned until the next day.
The
following filed applications for membership, and were
accepted : Dr. H. L. Cleaves, of Montpelier ; Dr. C. W. Steel, of
President
Curtis found
Barre ; Dr. H. A. Dalrymple, of Rutland.
somewhat.
the
Dr.
it necessary
to change
J. E. Waitt,
programme
of giving anaesthesia
of Boston, explained the
method
rapidly
and
Prof
with a new
J. H. Linsley,of New
improved inhaler.
The
York, read a comprehensive paper on
Micro-Organisms of
the Mouth,"
which
showed
much
standing
study and a thorough underfollowed.
of the subject. A short discussion
On
motion
of Dr. Chase, a vote of thanks
extended
Prof Linsley,and he
was
of the society,
of
also made
motion
on
an
was
honorary member
Dr. Hodge.
Curtis
then
his annual
President
made
address, calling the
attention of his hearers
strides made
to the marvellous
by nearly
all professionsas a result of the developing and
enlarging of the
human
mind.
He advised
the young
not
to enter
men
dentistry
prepare
The
session

then

was

"

in

of

search

wealth,

men

young

thoroughly

examined

of many
men
voted
was
to

It

address
Dr.

K.

his

and

those

present.

by

recommended
tended
to

Dr.

take

to

The

G.

stock

Use

of

extent,
Cheney and
was

while

like the

of
who

man

in Fort

Montpelier,expressed

to

of Gutta

that kind

some

field for the accumulation

of the

seemed

of

the

of

Care

Eddy,

lessen

adjournment

and

thoughts
"

paper on
Dr. Forest

no

all the

Payne. Mr. Curtis said

the profession should
be
desiring to enter
to
as
fitness,thereby relievingthe profession
whose
type is a stumbling-block to dentistry.
have
hundred
one
copies of the President's
to

Formation

paper,

was

feel

printed.
Longfellow Cleaves,

The

"

on

they

would

his house

mortgaged
that

fortune, for it

and

meet

Percha

Teeth,"

Providence, R.I.

came

fillingfor his part of

danger of the ague, which

but

he

Dr.

Maher

taken

did

not

know

discussed

for dinner.

how
the

next.

the
is

Filling,"
Eddy

Dr.

country,

as

it

prevalentthere

it would

paper

approval by

Canal

Root

his views

well-written

universal

with

as

in

work

and
briefly,

here.
an

8o

DOMINION

DENTAL

JOURNAL

CLINICS.

1.30 o'clock p.m., clinics

the use
York, dcmon.stratcd

At
New

gold

with

crowns

seamless

the

gold

and

held.

were

material

same

Timme.

of

for

inlays; al.so facing

explained the u.sc of a

; and

platinairidium

C. A.

Dr.

of enamel

and

thermo-cautery
operations.
apparatus
Belyea, of Boston,
Crown
a
and
interestingClinic on
gave
Bridge Work."
very
Dr. G. W.
of
White
River
took
the subject,
Hoffman,
Junction,
Rapid Gold-filling
by the Newbon
ReinforcingProcess." Dr. G. O.
of
St.
clinic on
a
Webster,
Albans, gave
Staining of Artificial
Teeth," and Dr. J. E. Waitt, of Boston, finished the .serieswith one
new

for dental

Dr.

crown

F.

S.

"

"

"

"The

on

Packard

Inhaler."

AFTERNOON

SES.SION.

session, of the 17th, opened

George Beens, of Montreal, read a paper on

The

afternoon

Dr. W.

He

at

4.30
Some

"

o'clock.
vations
Obser-

exhaustive

treatise of the
during Pregnancy."
gave an
a
uthorities
the
and
that have
subject,citing
principal
investigations
of treatment
been made, and giving the methods
in various cases
This department of dental
that he has employed with success.
science is not as yet thoroughly understood, though beneficial and
is prescribedwith satisfactory
results. In the
preventivetreatment
is
of
of
The
the
believed
it
that
Mouth,"
Micro-Organisms
study
there may
lie some
explanation of certain conditions of the teeth
during pregnancy.
Pulp Protection by CavityLining,"a paper read by Dr. George
feature of the meeting.
F. Cheney, of St. Johnsbury,was
a valuable
in
He
believed
most
a
that,
lining should be used with
cases,
varnish
the substance
metallic
that Dr.
was
fillings.Sandarac
found
useful
for
he
most
a cavitylining.
Cheney said
Dr. Horatio
C. Merriam, of Salem, Mass., presented a paper
on
the specialism
Professional Journalism." To preserve and advance
free
of dentistry,
in
there must
be, as
everythingelse,
thought,free
journalism. The counting-room
speech,and a free,untrammelled
what
should
be allowed
dictate
into the journal.
to
not
goes
be
turers
should
to all manufacat
rates
Advertising space
equal
open
of dental
departure is the
goods. A comparatively new
is designed to meet
International
Dental Journal,which
the above
"

"

**

requirements.
Dr. A. J. Parker, of Bellows
Dentition."
persons.
are

should

be

immediate

This

is

Falls, read

"

paper
in

on

the

First

life of

period
important
very
or
feeding
overImproper care of infants,and bad nourishment
Food
that does not requiremastication
to be avoided.
often gives
used almost exclusively. Lancing the gums
relief. The
session then adjourned.
a

one

THE

8i

SOCIETIES.

DENTAL

OF

PROCEEDINGS

BANQUET.

ladies
Societyand the visiting
Ness
House
in
the Van
who
down
sat
to the banquet, spread
the
evident relish with
and
numbered
about
eighty,
dining-room,
which the several courses
were
dispensedwas proof that the profession
of the dentist as on those
is not as wearing on
the nerves
members

The

of the State

Dental

of his

patient.
Randolph,
9 o'clock,President W. S. Curtis,of West
usual
of
the
indicative
acted as presidingofficer,
gave
raps

At

about

who

transition from

the

material

mere

feast to that

of wit and

wisdom,

pleasant introduction of the sentiment, The Queen

on
Mayor Haselton to respond. Mayor Haselton
Visitors."
Curtis presented the toast, Our
replied. Toastmaster
Dr. Beers
replied. To Dr. E. E. McGovern, of Vergennes, was

and

"

after

City,"he called

"

assigned the sentiment, Our

"

'"'

Ladies."

"

Our

Commercial
G.

Friends

W.

Hoffman, of
White
River Juuction. Dr. J. E. Waitt, of Boston, was
requested
in behalf of dental students.
to say a few words
Qualifications
was
Necessary for a Dentist
repliedto by Dr. R. M. Chase, of
Material
Bethel.
and
Spiritual
Progress had been assigned to
as

we

them

see

the

was

toast

that

fell to

"

"

"

"

W.

H.

remarks
Human

Towne,

of Boston.

Dr.

H. C. Merriam

the toast, Love

thy Neighbour
with
invidious
was
Voice,"
purpose,

was

"

on

called

on

for

The
Thyself"
assigned to Dr.
he
to speak, and
"

as

unable
Perkins,who, owing to a hard cold,was
detailed Dr. Lewis, of Burlington,
to read his remarks, which
were,
be said,the oppositeof a eulogy on the grip. The Sunset
it may
of a Doctor's Practice
lington.
was
responded to by Dr. Lewis, of BurPresiding Officer Curtis, who, by the way, filled his
"

"

positionadmirably throughout,rose to say that the toasts were

exhausted, though those present evidentlywere
not, and, as is very
unusual
for the modern
banquet,the occasion ended shortlybefore
1 1

o'clock.

Following is a list,
includingladies,of those who were
present
the
and
whose
at
names
were
not given in the list of the
banquet,
members
of the society that was
published in the report of the
opening session of the meeting : Robert T. Moffatt, of Boston ;
Burton

C.

Russell,of Keene, N.H.; Mrs. E. O. Blanchard, of West

Randolph ; A. A. Minott, of Northfield ; J. Holmes
Jackson, of
Barre ; J. H. Collins, of Granville, N.Y. ; George L. Fenn, of
Bristol ; P. L. PlUis and
C. H. Wells,
wife, of Swanton
; Hon.
L.D.S.,of Huntington, P.Q.; Mr. and Mrs. G. E. Lamb, of Port
Henry, N.Y.; J. F. Wilson, of Champlain, N.Y. ; Mrs. C. T. Clark,
of Saxton's River ; A. R. Hines, of Providence
H. Towne, of
; W.
S.
Boston, Mass.; Mayor Seneca
Haselton, of Burlington; W.
Curtis and
of
West
C.
Horatio
of
Merriam,
lady,
Randolph :
Salem, Mass.; F. G. Wallace, of Boston ; Miss Grace L. Bosworth,
6

DOMINION

82

Rutland

of
E.

of

Hudson,

I. Homer

Falls

Bellows

of the U. V.
D.

Hanway,

; C.

A.

Timme,

Shattuck,

T.

J.

E. Waitt

'93;

Mrs.

York

; Mrs.

S. Hubbell.

York

; Mrs.

G.

of New
F.

and

Arm; R. E. strong,
C. S. Campbell, of St.

Belyea,of Boston

of New

of

McNervy,

Dental

Columbian

issued,from

of

lington
Bur-

Hoffman, of

W.

Manchester

F.

VV.

Congress, Chicago.

we

take

Committee

Executive

The
followingextracts.
the 17th August, 1893, and
last until the
confirmed
and
as
to
date, are as
appointed

which

meetings will begin on

27th. The Committees
follows

of Boston

report of the Secretaryof the General

been

of Bristol.

World's

has

Boston

class of

Junction ;

River

Keltie, of

R.

Macdonald,

M.

H.

White

The

A.

Follansbee,". S.

wife,T. Metcalf
Albans

A.

Cleaves,of Montpelier;

L.

Senott, of Boston ; F. II. Urann,

wife, of Peru ; A. J. Parker, and wife,

and

J.

; K.

II. W.

Troy, N.Y.;

; H.

of Boston
of

Williamstovvn

Blake, of

E.

Steele,of l^anc

C. W.

JOURNAL

DKN'I'AI,

the

AS

COMMITTEES

APPOINTED

AND

CONFIRMED

TO

DATE.

General
Dr. W.

W.

Executive

Walker, 67 W.

Committee.

9th St., N. Y. City.,Chairman;

Dr.

City, Iowa, Secretary; Dr. John S. Marshall, 9

Jackson St., Chicago, III, Ti^easurer; Dr. \\ J. Barton, Paris,
A.

O. Hunt,

Iowa

L.

D.

Texas;
Carpenter,Atlanta, Ga.;
J. Y. Crawford,
Nashville,Tenn.; Dr. M. W. Foster,9 Franklin St.,Baltimore,Md.;
Dr. A. W.
Harlan, 70 Dearborn
St., Chicago, 111.;Dr. H. J.
St. Louis, Mo.; Dr. G. W.
Ave.,
McKellops, 2630 Washington
ington,
McElhaney, Columbus, Ga.; Dr. H. B. Noble, N. Y. Ave., WashD. C; Dr. John C. Storey,Dallas,Texas;
Dr. C. S. Stockton,
St.,Boston,
Newark, N. J.; Dr. L. D. Shepard, 330 Dartmouth
Ohio.
Dr.
Mass.;
J. Taft, 7th St.,Cincinnati,
Dr.

Committee

of

Dr.

Conference

for

World's

Congress

Auxiliary.
W.

D.

Thos.

W.

F. Busch, Berlin, Germany;

Miller,Berlin, Germany;
E.
Evans, Paris, France;
Magitot, Paris,France; G. W.
A.
Sparrock, Lima, Peru; W. B. Macleod, Edinburgh,Scotland:
W.
W.
Baker, Dublin, Ireland; Earnest
Sjoberg, Stockholm,
Charles
S.
Sweden
Tomes,
London,
England ; W. H. Coffin,
;

OF

PROCEEDINGS

SOCIETIES.

DENTAL

83

London,
England; W. Geo. Beers, Montreal, Canada; H. C.
Edwards, Madrid, Spain ; E. Lecaudy, Paris, France; J. G. VanMarter, Rome, Italy; Plattschick, Pavia, Italy; Joseph Arkovy,
Buda
Pesth, Hungary; C. Redard, Geneva, Switzerland; W. H.
Morgan, Nashville, Tenn.; W. H. Dwinelle, New York City; R. B.
Winder, Baltimore, Md.; P^lisha G. Tucker, Boston, Mass.; W. W.
H. Thackston, P^armville,Va.; J. B. Rich, Washington, D.C.; J. D.
rick,
White, Philadelphia,
Pa.; W. H. Eames, St. Louis, Mo.; J. B. Pat*C.
F.
C. Knowles, San F'rancisco,
Charleston, S. C;
Cal.;
J.
E.
S. Gorgas, Baltimore, Md.; G. V. Black, Jacksonville,
111.;*J.
Garretson, Philadelphia,Pa.; R. Finlay Hunt, Washington, D. C;
York
E. Bacon, Portland,Me.; Benjamin Lord, New
City; A. L.

City; W. W. Allport,Chicago, 111.;W. W.

York
Walker, New
City; L. D. Carpenter,Atlanta, Ga.; J. Y.
Crawford, Nashville,Tenn.; W. J. Barton, Paris,Texas; J. Taft,
Cincinnati,Ohio ; C. S. Stockton, Newark, N. J.; L. D. Shepard,
Boston, Mass.; H. J. McKellops, St. Louis, Mo.; A. O. Hunt, Iowa
City,Iowa; H. B. Noble, Washington, D. C; Geo. W. McElhaney,
more,
Columbus, Ga.; J. C. Storey, Dallas,Texas; M. W. Foster, BaltiS.
A.
W.
Harlan, Chicago, 111.;J.
Marshall, Chicago,
Md.;
Northrop, New

York

111.
Committee

No.

i.

General

"

Committee.

Finance

St.,Boston, Mass., Chairman; T.

Shepard. 330 Dartmouth
Brophy, 96 State St.,Chicago, 111.;A. L. Northrop, N. Y. City.

L. D.
W.

No.

Committee

2.

Committee

Programme

"

Committee

No.

Committee

3.
"

"

on

not

Appointed.

Exhibits.

Dearborn

Chaii^man ; Arthur
St.,Chicago, \\\.,
E. Matteson, 3700
Cottage Grove Ave., Chicago, 111.;E. M. S.
Fernandez, 103 State St.,Chicago, 111.
Chas.

Pruyn, 70

Committee

No.

4.

"

Committee

on

Transportation.

F. H.

Gardiner, 126 State St.,Chicago, Chairman; V. H. JackAve., New York City.;Geo. P2ubank, Birmingham,
.son, 240 Lenox
Ala.
Committee
W.

No.

Committee

5.
"

W.

on

reception.

Allport,9 Jackson St.,Chicago; W. W. H. Thackston,

St Chicago; E. M. S.
Farmville,Va.; *G. H. Bently,70 Dearborn
Geo.
A. Christmann, Staats
Fernandez, 103 State St, Chicago;
Zeitung Building,Chicago; James McManus, 32 Pratt St.,Hartford,
Conn.; Pllisha G. Tucker, Boston, Mass.; John D. Thomas, 912
Walnut St., Philadelphia,
Pa.; H. J.McKellops, 2630 Washington
*

Declined.

84

DOMINION

DKN'IAL

JOURNAL

Ave., St. Louis; L. L. Dunbar, 500 Sutter St.,San Francisco,Cal.;

Turner, Raleigh, N. C; J(j.scph
liaucr, 130 Ksplanadc St.,
New
Orlcan.s,La.; J. F. P. Hud.son, 19 West 39th St.,N. Y. City;
W. P. Dickin.son,608 j/^Nicollett Ave., Minneaj)olis,
Minn.; C. F.
W. Holbrook, 34 Park
N.
W.
St.,Newark,
J.;
J. Fo.ster,9 West
Franklin
R.
M.
East
St.,Baltimore, Md.;
Sanger,
Orange, N. J.

V. E.

Committee
Fred.

A.

No.

6.

Committee

"

on

Registration.

St., Orange, New Jersey,Chairman;

343 Main
E. L. Clifford,401 West
Monroe
St.,Chicago, 111.;Geo. N. West;
Monroe
Y.
St.,Chicago, 111.;J.
Crawford, Nashville,Tenn.; C.
34
V. Rosser, Atlanta, Georgia; T. L. James, Fairfield,
Iowa; W. H.

Levy,

Fundenburgh,
Committee

Penn.sylvaniaAve., Pittsburg.

323

No.

Committee

7.
"

NOT

Committee

No.

on

"

Local

AND

Tran.sactions

"

Appointed.

Committee

8.

Printing

on

Conference

Statk

with

Societies.

J. Taft, Cincinnati,Ohio, Chairman.

List
Alabama

S.

E.

"

State

Committees.

Chisholm, Tuscaloosa, Chairman

; A. Eubank,
P. Robinson, Mobile; G. M. Rousseau, Montgomery.

Chas.

Birmingham;

of

D. Pentland,
Goodrich, Phoenix, Chairman;
W.
Phoenix
Tombstone.
Warnekross,
J. Hardy
;
M. C. Marshall, Little Rock, Chairman; W, B. Pollard,
Hot Springs; L. K. Land, Pine Bluff; R. D. Seals,Fort Smith;
A. E. Kimmons,
Fort Smith.
California C. L. Goddard, San Francisco, Chairman
J.
; W.
San
Townsend
Los
Francisco; E. L.
Angeles.
Younger,
Colorado
E. Griswold,
P. T. Smith, Denver, Chairman
; W.
Denver; H. P. Kelly,Denver; R. B. Weiser, Georgetown.
Connecticut
E. S. Gaylord, New
Haven, Chairman
; Jas. McManus, Hartford; R. W. Browne, New London.
C. H. Gilpin,Middleton, Chairman
Delaware
; C. R. Jefferis,
Arizona

L.

"

Prescott ;
Arkansas

N.

"

"

"

"

"

Wilmington.
man
Henry C. Thompson, Washington, Chairof Columbia
C.
F. Hugo, H. M.
R. B. Donaldson, J. Hall Lewis, L.

District
;

"

Schooley.
Florida
Ocala

Georgia
"

Thomasville

Chairman
Jones, 'Jacksonville,
I.
Post, Tampa ;
J. Welch, Pensacola.

J.

"

; Duff

S.

N.

B.

; H.

Barfield,Macon,
H.

Johnson, Macon

Chairman
; W.

C.

James

John

H.

Chace,

Coyle,

Wardlaw, Augusta.

OF

PROCEEDINGS

E. L. P. Ector, Moscow,
Chairman
;
A.
Lewiston.
Moscow
Boston,
;
W.
PI. Taggart, Freeport,Chairman
Illinoes
Idaho

"

John

Chicago ; J.J.Jennellc,Cairo.
Indiana
J. B. Morrison, IndianapoHs,Chairman

"

IndianapoHs ; S. B. Browne, Fort Wayne.

Iowa
C. J. Peterson, Dubuque, Chairman
"

H.

; C.

"

; S.

N.

McCalHe,

Johnson,
Hunt,

P. G. C.

C. Platch,Sioux

L. K.

Fullcrton,Waterloo.
C. Wasson,
Topeka, Chairman
Lawrence
; W^m. H. Schulze, Atchison.
Chairman
Kejitucky C. G. Edwards, Louisville,

City ;

85

SOCIETIES.

DENTAL

Kansas

L.

"

"

Louisville

F.

Louisiana

Bauer,

E.

C.

"

New

Maine

Peabody,

Orleans
.

D. W.

"

Henry
Marylajid E.
"

C.

E.

Esterley,

Chas. E. Dunn,

Louisville.

Orleans, Chairman
Kells, jun.,New
; Joseph
Orleans.
G. Friedericks,New
Andrew

Fellows, Portland, Chairman

Pittsfield ;

A.

Kelly,Portland.

P.

Keech,

C.

; Edmund

Baltimore, Chairman

Nelson, Frederick.
; Edward
Massachusetts
D. M. Clapp, Boston, Chairman

A.

Bryant,

J. Volck,

Baltimore

"

; S. G.

; W.

H.

Potter,

Smith,
Stevens,
Secretary; Eugene
; D.
B. Ingalls,
Clinton ; R. R. Andrews, Cambridge.
L. Field,
Michigan C. S. Case, Jackson, Chairman
; Geo.
Detroit ; F. L. Owen, Grand
Rapids.
Minnesota
T. E. Weeks, Minneapolis,Chairman
; M. G. Jenison,
Wabasha.
C.
H.
Robinson,
Minneapolis ;
K. Luckie,
Mississippi Morgan Adams, Sardis, Chairman
; R.
Holly Springs ; J. D. Miles, Vicksburg ; G. B. Clements, Macon.
Missouri
C. L. Hungerford, Kansas
H.
City, Chairman
; A.
Fuller,St. Louis ; J. D. Patterson, Kansas City.
Moittana
Q. S. Whitney, Miles City.
Nebraska
Chairman
W.
H.
T. King, Fremont,
A.
Nason,
:
Omaha
Island ; H. J. Cole, Norfolk
; H. C. Miller, Grand
; I. W.
H.

Boston

Boston

"

"

"

"

"

"

Funck, Beatrice.
Nevada

A. Greenlaw,
Chapman, VirginiaCity,Chairman
; M.
Reno
Carson
City.
; S. S. Southworth,
Neiv
W.
C.
Clements, Manchester, Chairman
HampsJiire
; G.
A. Young, Concord
R. Blackstone,
Jarvis,Claremont
; Wm.
; W.
Manchester
C.
H.
C.
Russell, Keene.
Hayward, Peterborough ; B.
;
New
Clair, Chairman
Jersey S. C. G. Watkins, Mont
; B. F.
Luckey, Paterson ; R. M. Sanger, E. Orange.
New
York
York
City, Chairman
John I. Hart, New
; K. C.
"

A.

"

"

"

York ;
York ; M. L. Chaim, New
Gibson, New York ; W. Carr, New
Chas. Butler,Buffalo ; F. A. Remington, New
York.
North
Carolina
V. E. Turner, Raleigh,Chairman
ham,
Dur; J. H.
Wilmington ; J. F. Griffith,
Salisbury.
North
Dakota
S. J. Hill, Fargo, Chairman
; S. P. Johnson,
"

"

86

DOMINION

Grand

Forks

E. M.

W.

O.

DKNTAI.

DcPuy,

JOURNAL

Bismarck

; 11. S.

Sowlcs, Wahpeton

Pierce, Ilillsboro.

Ohio

D.

"

Cleveland

R.

Jennings,Cleveland, Chairman;

; M.

11.

I^etcher,Cincinnati

F.

\\.

Harvey,
Dayton ; A.

; L. K. Custer,

F.

Columbus,
l^^mminger,
Territory D. A. Peoples,Guthrie,Chairman
; G. V
Dean, Oklahoma
City ; J. S. Nickolson, Kl Reno.
land.
Oregon S. J. Barber, Portland,Chairman
; E. G. Clark, PortOklahoma

"

"

Pennsylvania

L.

"

Beck, Wilkesbarre
South

A.

J. A.

Carolina

Chairman
P^aught,Philadelphia,
Libbey,Pittsburg.

Thos.

"

Brown, Charleston

T.

; A.

P.

Moore, Columbia, Chairman

Johnstone,Anderson

; B.

C.

S.

; W.

S.

H.

Teague,

Aiken.
South

Dakota

O.

"

M.

Stutenroth,Watertown
Tennessee

; W. H.
W.
R.

Memphis
Texas

H. W.

"

Chairman

Huestis, Aberdeen,

; F. W.

Blomily,Sioux

; B. S.

"

Vermont

Chapman,

Salt

Lake

Mound, Rutland

; R.

Virginia J.
"

Hall

Chase, Bethel.
Moore, Richmond,

; T.

; A.

City,Chairman

; F. W. Baker, Ogden.
G. F. Cheney, St. Johnsbury, Chairman

"

Byrnes,

; H. E. Beach, Clarksvillc.
ton
Chairman
; G. M. Patten, Galves-

; Tom

A. S.
Utah
Lake
Salt
ford,

W.

Richards, Knoxville

Clifton,Waco,
S. Staples,Sherman
Robinson, Houston
; Geo.
Westerfield,Dallas ; H. J. McBride, Tyler.
"

C.

P^alls.

Nashville,Chairman

Morgan,

L.

B. DunThomas

M.

Chairman

W.

W.

H.

Thackston, Farmville ; Jos. R. Woodley, Norfolk ; E. P. Beadles,

Danville ; T. H. Parramore, Hampton ; D. W. Rust, Alexander.
Washington W. E Burkhardt, Tacoma, Chairman
; F. P. Hicks,
Tacoma
; J. C. Grasse, Seattle.
West
Virginia H. H. Harrison, Wheeling, Chairman
; Jno. H.
McClure, Wheeling ; H. K. Jones,Parkersburg; George I. Keener,
Grafton ; J. N. Mahan, Charleston.
tenden,
Wisconsin
B. G. Marcklein, Milwaukee, Chairman
; C. C. Chit"

"

"

Madison

Wyoming
Committee

George
Waiting for

"

No.

H.

McCausey, Janesville.

nominations.

9." Committee

Legislation

in

on

this

and

History

the

of

Dental

Countries.

other

Dubois, 2
Carr, New York City,N.Y., Chairman
; Paul
mery,
d'Amsterdam, Paris ; F. Busch, Berlin,German}^; J.H. MumBeunos
M.
London, England ;
Ayres,South
Etcheparaborda,

William
Rue

America.
Committee
L. D.

No.

10.

"

Shepard, Boston, Mass., Chairman

Mass.;

Chas.

A.

Committee.

Auditing
;

R. R.

Meeker, Newark, N.J.

bridge,
Andrews, Cam-

OF

PROCEEDINGS

Committee

No.

ii.

SOCIETIES.

DENTAL

Committee

"

87

Invitation.

on

Barrett,208 Franklin
St.,Buffalo,N.Y., Chairman; E. T.
Walnut
St., Philadelphia,Pa.; S. G. Perry, 46 West
Darby, 15 13
3;:thSt.,New York City ; W. C. Wardlaw, Augusta, Georgia ; S.
H.
W. Dennis, 81 Flood
Building,San Francisco, Cal. ; *Thomas
Chandler, 161 Nevvbery St.,Boston, Mass.; J. D. Patterson,Kansas
W.

C.

City,Mo.
Committee

No.

12.

Committee

"

Membership.

on

Edmund

Noyes, 65 Randolph St., Chicago,111.;B. F. Luckey,

C. M.
Patterson, N.J.; E. S. Chisholm, Tuscaloosa, Alabama;
Bailey,28 Syndicate Block, Minneapolis,Minn. ; Daniel N. McQuillen, 1628 Chestnut St.,Philadelphia,Pa.
Committee

No.

13.

"

Committee

Literary

on

Education

and

Exhibits.

J.J. R. Patrick,Belleville,111.;J. Y. Crawford, Nashville,Tenn.:;

A.

H.

Truro

Fuller,2602 Locust St.,St Louis, Mo.; C. A. Brackett,

St.,Newport, R.I.; B. H. Catching,Atlanta, Ga.

Committee

No.

14.

Committee

"

Dentistry

and

on

Oral

Clinics

102

Operative

in

Surgery.

C. F. W.

Bodecker, 60 East 58 St., New York

City,Chairman;
S. C. G. Watkins, Montclair, N.J.;John S. Marshall, 9 Jackson St.,
Chicago,111.;Arthur B. Freeman, 325 West Madi.son St.,Chicago,
Ave., Chicago, 111.;Henry VV.
111.;H. H. Schumann, 240 Wabash
Morgan, Nashville,Tenn. ; William Crenshaw, Atlanta, Georgia.
Committee

No.

15.

"

Committee

on

Dentistry.

Prosthetic

S. H.

Guilford,Philadelphia,
Pa.,Chairman; L. P. Haskell, 211
Wabash
Ave., Chicago, 111.;A. P. Johnstone, Anderson, South
Carolina; W. N. Morrison, St. Louis, Mo.; Fred. C. Barlow, 646
ington,
Jersey Ave., Jersey City ; .J.Hall Lewis, 1309 F. St.,N. W., WashD.C. ; A. O. Hunt, Iowa
ville,
City,Iowa; R. R. F'reeman, NashTenn. ; E. S. Gaylord, New
Haven, Conn.
"

Committee

No.

16."

Local

Committee

of

Arrangements.

E. S. Talbot, 125 State St.,Chicago, 111.,Chairman

126 State St.,Chicago,111.;C. N. Johnson,

H.

diner,
Gar-

Opera

House

Boulevard,
Building,Chicago, 111.;D. B. P'reeman, 4000 Drexel
Chicago ; H. J. McKellops, 2630 Washington Ave., St. Louis, Mo.

88

DOMINION

Committee

DKN'rAL

No.

17.
"

JOURNAL

Committee

E. C. Kirk,

111.;A. H.
Macon, Ga.

Pa., Chaintian
Philadelphia,
Thompson, Topcka, Kansas ;
; L. G.

Committee

No.

E^ssays.

on
;

H.

J.W. Wassail,Chicago,
M. Johnson,2621! St.,

Noel, Nashville,Tcnn.
Committee

18.
"

IN

History

on

United

THE

of

Denti.stry

States.

J. Taft, Cincinnati,Ohio, Chairman ; Louis Jack, 131 5 Locust

St., Philadelphia,
Pa.; F. T. Van Wort, Brooklyn, N.Y.; F. J. S.
Gorgas, Baltimore, Md.; H. L. McKellops, 632 Sutter St., San
Ohio ; J. B. Patrick,
Francisco, California ; E. G. Betty,Cincinnati,
Carolina.

Charleston,South
Committee

No.

Committee

No

"

20.

Nomenclature

On

19.

Committee

"

Navies
W.

of

Promote

to

Surgeons

Dental

OF

Appointed.

not

"

in

the

ment
appoint-

Armies

the

and

World.

the

Foster,Baltimore, Chairman;

B.

Holly Smith, Baltimore;

Cunningham, Cambridge, England; De
Gallippe, Paris;
Adolph Weil, Munich; *J. B. Wilmott, Toronto, Canada; Jno. E.
Gievers, Amsterdam, Holland ; E. DeTrey, Vevey, Switzerland :
O. Mela, Geneva, Italy; V. Haderup,
A. Szigmondy, Vienna;
Copenhagen ; O. J. Chrustchow, St. Petersburg,Russia ; Alex.
McG.
Denham, Monjitas 68^, Chili; Geo. B. Newland, 107 Calle
Florida,Buenos Ayres.
M.

Geo.

Committee

No.

21.

Committee

"

of

W.

the

J. Barton, Pavis,Texas,

Chairman

R. L; *G.S. Dean, San

Francisco;
M. Fisher,Dundee, Scotland.
Committee

No.

R. R. Andrews,

22.

"

Care

on

of

Teeth

the

Poor.
C. A.

T. D.

Committee

And

Biology

on

Cambridge, Mass.,

Brackett,Newport,
Erie, Pa.; W.
Ingersoll,

Chairman

M.

ology.
Bacteri-

H.

Fletcher,

Cincinnati,Ohio; W. X. Sudduth, Mihneapolis, Minn.; W. D.

Miller,Berlin,Germany; J. H. Mummery, London, England; D.
E. Caush, Brighton, England; E. Magitot, Paris, France; M.

Morgensten, Baden,
City,N. Y.
Committee
Theo.

Richmond

Baden,

No.

23.

"

Germany

Committee

Geo.

on

Declined.

York

S. Allan, New

Prize

City, Mo., Chairman;

Stockton, Newark, N. J.

Stanley,Kansas
; C. S.

Essays.

*J. Hall

Moore,

89

LEGISLATION.
No.

Committee
W.

W.

Committee
W.

New

Walker,

Until

"

of the

York

No.

Chicago, 111.;John
Note.

Committee.

Editorial

"

A. O. Hunt, Iowa
City,Chairman;
Shepard, Boston; J. Taft, Cincinnati; J. S. Marshall,
New

Walker,

City; L. D.
Chicago.

W.

24.

S.

25.
"

General

A.

City, Chairman;
Marshall, Chicago, 111.
York

this time

there has been

Dental

that
the

All

W.

Harlan,

littleof the

very

Committee

Executive

publicationfor the

Committee.

Nominating

was

work

proceedings
in shape for
done
by the

Journals.
and
organizingthe several Committees
of organizationhas been
The
work
planning their work.
very
slow as it has taken considerable
time to give notices to the various
and
receive their
appointed on the several Committees
persons
in
which
all
have not been as prompt
as
cases
they should
replies,
have been.
It was
impossibleto send out anything like a finished
received.
As
until these replieswere
report of the Committee
work.
All
the
the
for
mittees
ComCommittees
now
are
published
ready
Other
will
that
will
be needed.
are
not
names
appointed
be added
to the Committees
alreadyappointed,and from time to
time circulars will be i.ssued by the Editorial Committee
and
lished
pubin the Dental
information
the
to
Journalsgiving
necessary
the profession.
A. O
Hunt,
Secretary.
Committee

far has

so

been

Legislation.
An

Act

Her

The

amend

to

Majesty,by

and

Act

with

the advice

of the Province

Assembly

respecting Dentistry in Ontario.

and

of the

consent

of Ontario, enacts

1. Section

Dentistryis
3 of the Act respecting
inserted
in
lieu
thereof:
following

as

tive
Legisla-

follows:

"

repealedand

the

"

shall be a board of directors of the said Royal

(i) There
College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario, to be constituted in the
hereinafter provided for in this Act and referred to in this
manner
3.
"

Act

as

the

(2) The
be members

Board."

"

Board

shall consist of

of the said

who

shall hold

form

quorum.

shall
eight members, of all whom
Royal Collegeof Dental Surgeons of Ontario,

office for two

years, and

of whom

any

four shall

DOMINION

90

(3) One

member

DI^NIAI.

of llu: bcinl

electoral

districts mentioned

members

of the

of the board
and

shall

be

not

constituted

When

vacancy

in such

to

each

this Act

by

the

member

each

and
district,

of the

elector in the electoral district he represents

of the faculty
member
of the school of dentistry

under

9 of the said Act

section

Dentistry.
respecting
representationof the facultysuch a

in the

vacancy
shall be filled by the
member

schedule

in

from

an

occurs

(4) One

be elected

shall

resident
colle^^e

shall be

JOURNAL

faculty.

of the board

shall be elected

by

from

and

the

facultyof the school of dentistryconstituted under section 9 of the

Dentistry.
respecting
member
of the board may
at
(5) Any
any time resign by letter
directed to the secretary,and in the event
of such resignation,
or
a
members
the
death
or
otherwise,
occurring by
remaining
vacancy

said Act

of the board

shall elect

the members

of the

from

the term

the

fitand

some

proper

fillthe vacancy
in the electoral

among
of
for the remainder

collegeto
members

occurs.
vacancy
%. Section
4 of the said
inserted in lieu thereof:

Act

is

from

person

district in which

repealed,and

the

the

following

"

4.

(i) Elections

"

of December

1890

and

(2)
members
the
or

to

in every

the present board

first meeting of the

The

of the board

shall be held

the

on

second

nesday
Wed-

reckoning from

second year
of directors shall hold

the year
office until the

board.

new

qualifiedto vote at such elections shall be the

persons
of the Royal Collegeof Dental Surgeons of Ontario under

provisionsof the Acts respectingdentistryheretofore in force,

in respect
under the provisions
of this Act, and are not in arrears
of this Act and are resident
any fees payable under the provisions

in the Province

(3) The

votes

of Ontario.
at

said

shall be

elections

given by closed voting

B" to this Act, and shall

papers in the form described in schedule

be delivered to the secretary of the said Collegeby registered
letter
before the second Wednesday in December
in the year in which
the election takes place.
"

(4) The

Province

of

Ontario

electoral districts described

(5)

The

manner

of

shall

in Schedule

holding such

be

divided

"A"

election

to

into

the

seven

this Act.

shall,with

respect

to

place of holding the

the nomination
of candidates
therefor, the presidingofficer
election,
thereat,the taking and countingof the votes, the givingof a casting
in case
vote
of an
equality of votes, other necessary details be
determined
by by-laws to be passed by the board, and in default
of such by-laws the Lieutenant-Governor
in Council may
prescribe
the time and manner
of holding such election.
(6) Every newly-electedboard shall hold its first meeting in
Toronto, on the fourth Tuesday in March or at such other time as
notification of the

electors

of the

time

and

LEGISLATION.

91

of such board
be fixed by the retiring
board, and the members
may
shall hold office until the first meeting of their successors.
Specia
called

meetings of the board shall be

request in writing of four members
li. Section

the

by

the

president on

of the board.

5 of the Act respectingDentistryis repealed.

is repealedand
i of section 6 of the said Act

4. Sub-section

substituted
following

in

therefor

the

:
"

treasurer,
(i) Every board shall at its first meeting elect a president,
shall reside
and registrar,
shall appoint a secretary who
and
the cityof Toronto, and such other officers as the Board
sider
may con-

and
The
treasurer
secretary shall receive
necessary.
for their services as the board may
remuneration
decide.
5. Section
words
"

and

of

1 1

before

"

"

the board

fix and

to

said Act

the

and

is amended

adding

to

the

by strikingout
the

conditions

the

determine

such

section

the words

which

upon

dentists

residingelsewhere than in Ontario,and students and graduatesfrom

other dental colleges
be admitted
to membership in the Royal
may
of
Dental
Ontario.
of
College
Surgeons
of den6. Each member
of the collegeengaged in the practice
tistry
pay to the treasurer
deputed by the treasurer to receive the same, on
person
the first day of November
of each year, such annual fee
in

any

the

of

Province

Ontario

shall

to

or

fore
be-

or
as

may

than
board, not
$1 nor more
by
and such fee shall be
$3,towards the generalexpenses of the college,
recoverable with costs by suit in the name
of the Royal Collegeof
Dental Surgeons of Ontario, in the Division Court having jurisdiction
be determined

where
shall

the
be

not

rendered
funds

by-law of the

in

member
entitled

the

collected

in

so

to

under

of
expenses
clauses of this Act.

default

resides,and

member

for any
services
court
any
while
in
so
default,but no
dentistry

this section shall be disbursed

the

such

in

recover

practiceof

for the

less than

board

and

SCHEDULE

the

enforcement

otherwise
of the

than

penal

"A."

(Section2.)
Electoral
counties

"

District

No.

shall

be

composed

of

the

following

Addington, Carleton, Dundas,

Frontenac, Glengarry,
Prescott, Russell, Renfrew, Stormont,

Lanark, Leeds, Lennox,

Grcnville.
Electoral

District No.

shall consist of the

followingcounties

:
"

Algoma, Durham, Hastings,Nipissing,

Northumberland,
Muskoka,
Ontario, Prince Edward, Parry Sound, Peterboro',Victoria, York,
except

Toronto.

Electoral
Electoral

District No.

3 shall consist of the

District No. 4 shall consist of the

City of Toronto.
followingcounties:

Halton, Dufferin,Lincoln, Peel,Simcoe, Wentworth,

Welland.

"

DOMINION

92

Electoral

Brant,

DENTAL

JOURNAL

District No.

5 shall consist of the followingcounties:

Haldimand,
Norfolk, Oxford, Waterloo.
IClgin,

Electoral

13istrict No. 6 shall consist

of the

followingcounties:

No. 7 shall consist of the

followingcounties:

"

"

Grey, l^ruce,Huron, Wellington.

Electoral

District

Essex, Kent, Lambton,

"

Middlesex, Perth,
SCHEDULE

''B."

(Section 2.)
Election
Electoral

18

District No,

I,

of

of the

Royal

Collegeof Dental

1.

That

the

2.

That

in the county
Surgeons of Ontario

signatureaffixed
am

hereby

hereto

is my proper
Electoral
District

in the

voter

of the

member
do

declare:

"

hand-writing.
and

No.
,

that

I vote

in the
of

for

of the

County

Dental

of

to be
district,

Ontario, and

of

Surgeons
member

of

the

of
elector

an

of

Board

Royal College

of the

member

Directors

electoral

said

in

the

College

other

voting

of

for the said district.

3. That
paper, and
date

I have

not

that this

in

this

election

voting paper

signed

executed

was

any
on

the

day

of the

thereof.

Witness

hand

my

this

day

A.D.

of

18

Obituary.
Patterson, L.D.S., Paris, Ont.

Wm.

We

regret

Patterson,
for
and

to

the age

at

sixteen

over

earned

chronicle

the

of

the

came

Patterson.

months.
confidence

to

Canada

The
in

on

the

29th

of March

6^^years, after being confined

respect of his confreres.

W.

death

the house

thirtyyears he was in practice,

the
of a large circle of patients and
He is succeeded
by his son, Mr. William
For

deceased

1832.

to

of Wm.

over

was

born

in

Reston, Scotland, and

EDITORIAL

93

Editorial.

What

Will

Canada

Do?

The

proposed Dental Congress in Chicago next year will be

dentists should make
to enjoy.
something Canadian
up their minds
The
most
being perfected,and
systematic arrangements are
it by far the finest gatheringof the
nothing left undone to make
the world has ever
We
devote
a
seen.
profession
good deal of
will keep
space to the list of the committees, and in future numbers
before our
We
the matter
readers.
hope Canada will do its best.

Prosecutions.

licentiates have

Many
Examiners
is

quack

should
in any

officer of the Board

idea that the members

an

fulfilthe
obscure
to

duty

corner

of

spiesand

of any

be omniscient

as

of the Board

detectives.

If there

county they expect

well

as

of

some

omnipresent,while

theless,
Neverincognitathemselves.
the duty of members
of the Board
information
of illegal
it has been
than of others to secure
practice,
of the prosecutionshave
a
duty voluntarilyassumed, and most
been brought about
by the action of such officials. In Quebec
has this been the case, for the simple reason
Province,especially,
of the Board
that if they had not been instigated
by members
they
would have been altogether
two
more
cases
ignored. Last month
were
brought before the policecourt ; one offender was fined $ioo

they are

and

anxious
particularly
though it is no more

costs, another

$25

and

to

costs.

be

One

of the most

sublime

tions
exhibi-

attempted by the latter offender,who has been

twice fined.
Though he has been drawing a regularsalaryas an
to a
firm,pretending to be indentured
employee in a commercial
than a few
licentiate at the same
time, and not having passed more
for a
in the office,
he has appliedto the local legislature
months
ination.
privatebill to permit him to practisewithout license,fee or examreflect their
Quack premiers and boodling politicians
class of society,
but there is hope at last for
principles
upon
every
have hold of the
Quebec, as Mercier is degraded and honest men
of cheek

helm.

is

DOMINION

94

DKNTAL

Old-Time

When

the Aifierican
there

June, 1839,

in

he

America, and
tell

us

his

the West

Journalism.

Jour7ialof Dental Science

subscriber
was
only one
New

was

Indies

In

one.

Michigan, there
ninety-one,and

were

Can

Hrunswicker.

England

name?

JOURNAL

gave

from
any

of

subscribers.

issued,

all

Ikitish

our

friends

twenty-two, Scotland

four,and

Delaware, Mississippi,

Maine, Vermont,

no

first

was

New

York

led

off

with

Illinois had

There
scribers,
were
only two.
just 348 suband
total publicationof 767 copies,Chapin Harris,
a
Eleazor
Parmby, and J.J. Greenwood, each taking fortycopies,
and fifteen others taking twenty copieseach.
There
dentists in the United
were
States,
only twelve hundred
than one-sixth
and, as Chapin Harris said, not more
any
possess
of
claims
the
to
correct
or
just
thorough knowledge
pursuit."
few good men
The
who
banded
themselves
pelled
imtogetherwere
the
to
movement
by notorious
empiricism, and one of
the first of the remarkable
articles written at the time by Solyman
Professional
Brown, was on
Morality,"in which he administered
a
to the
fraud,avarice,and immorality of the
stingingcastigation
of whose
lineal descendants
professionalliars,"some
degrade us
to-day.
"

"

"

Miscellaneous.

Fined

Galt, Ont

for

Pulling

Teeth.

Jan. 9. Detective Newhall, of Toronto, representing

few
the Royal College of Dental
a
Surgeons, arrived in this town
days ago and instituted proceedingsagainstone JesseWillard,who
was
practisingdentistrywithout a license. On the 6th, Willard
in each
of two
and
fined $20 and
costs
was
to-day three
cases,
W^illard was
other charges were
not
preferredagainst him.
sent
prethat he has left the town.
In his
to-day,it being understood
"

absence, however, he
cases,

making

in all

was

$100

fined
and

$20
costs

and

costs

in the

five

in each
cases.

of the

three

MISCELLANEOUS.
has

Chloroform-anaesthetization

on
pouring the chloroform
droppedslowly and steadilyon

in this

used

minims)

To

"

the

on

is used

mention

in

per minute

by

the

invidious, and

teeth

the customary

individuals

is

wholly

ing
want-

of chloroform

gramme

(15

pouring method.

who, in

opinion,
greatest perfection,might

the

in

are

(8 minims)

minute, whereas

of those

names

Dr. O. Zuck-

by

disturbances

is 0.6 grammes

average

mineral

manufacture
appear

There

usual

The

of the narcosis.

procedure.

modified

"

of

the appearance

been

Instead
follows :
as
surgicalclinic,
in large quantities,
it is
the mask
from the beginning up to
the mask

Dettcl's

erkandl, of Prof. Von

95

unnecessary,

as

our

those

interested

dulgence
judge for themselves ; yet we hope we may be allowed the inof saying,without
trespassingon the limits of modesty,
or
infringingupon the privilegesor merits of any individual,that,
in our
candid
judgment, the teeth which possess all the requisite
before mentioned, in the greatest perfection,
are
qualities
Spooner's
invented
mineral teeth,
by Dr. J.R. Spooner,of Montreal, by a long
of indefatigable,
series
laborious
and
expensive experiments.
Many specimens of these teeth have been exhibited in New York,
of them
inserted by different dentists in the State,yet
and many
the process of manufacturing has been
tedious
and
so
expensive
in
offered
that they have not been
the market
for general use."
Skearyashub Spooners Guide to Sound Teeth,i8j6.

will

"

Laborde,

paper

that

he

read

before

the Acadt^mie

de

Medicine,

at

discovered

by animal experiments,that naris capable of preventingthe vomiting and

the digestivedisturbances
roform,
frequentlyresultingfrom internal employment of chlowell as the possibleserious consequences
of a profound
as

Paris,states
ceine

in

chloroform

"

fiarcosis.
"

Pitch
So
Sink

thy

Merck's

behaviour

shalt thou
not

Shoots

Bulletin.

low

humble

: who
spirit
higher much

in

thy projectshigh ;
magnanimous be.
aimeth
at the sky,
;

and

than

he that
"

means

Geo.

tree."

Herbert, i6ig.

DOMINION

96

Henry M. Justihas been

as
Justi,jun.,is well known

Mr.
Mr.

old block."

The

TAL

DEN

JOURNAL.

admitted
a

firm will be known

new

partner with his father.

and
ix"lite
as

practical"chip of
H. D. Justi" Son.

the
"

Reviews.

of the Teeth. By EuGENE

of the Constitutional Irregularities
Published
S. Talbot,
M.D., D.D.S.
by Wilmington Dental
Manufacturing Co., Philadelphia,1891. Price $2.50.

Chart

Sixteen

originaldrawings
have

in

occurred

models

and

Dr. Talbot's
which

fifteen years, and

The
forms
own.
from

beautiful

large and

many

selected

were

collection

plates,lithographedin colors from

by the author, of typicalcases which
practicefrom time to time within
will recognizeas occurring in their

of three

from

thousand

groups
models.

which
"

were

arranged

The

object,"says
publishing this work, is to illustrate the typical
of the jaws and teeth,so that
form
of constitutional
irregularities
the teacher and student may
readilycomprehend the various positions
assume."
The
the jaws and teeth may
chart ought to
which
be

author,

the

"

of

in the

great assistance

of Practical
Dentistry, i8gi.
and Publisher,Atlanta, Ga.

s
Compendium
Catching'

D.D.S.,

Catching,

very

this

commended

We

valuable

annual

study of orthodontia.

scheme

addition

H.

of
to

our

Dr.

Catching's last

and
literature,

the

as

year,
issue

for

its

place as a permanent
necessityfor the
wide-awake
who
need to be wakened.
dentist, or the sleepy ones
The
index
comprises every practicalsubject from a. to z., in
and
prostheticdentistry,
bridge and inlay work,
operative
crown,
1

89 1 evidentlydecides

B.

Editor

dental

medicine, oral

surgery,

and

miscellaneous.

It is

most

of practicalmatter
from
all the
carefullyselected compendium
It
also
contains
of
laws
dental
a
journals.
synopsis
governing
United
States
in
Canada
of
all
the
and
list
the
a
journals,
practice
;
books
and pamphlets pertaining to dentistrypublishedduring the
year.

Transactions

of the New

York

Odontological
Society,
i8gi.

delphia,
Phila-

J. B. Lippincott,1892.
Another

valued

addition

to

the series of the

societypublications.

DOMINION

JOURNAL

DENTAL
Vol.

IV.

TORONTO,

JULY,

1892.

No.

4.

Original Communications.
for

Uses

W.

By

The

it deserves

be.

to

of it in my

use

it

concerning
Dental

the

be

of

might

been

here
the

preparations on

The

one

of zinc, and

oxide
I

unable

am
"

that

sense

acid

the

in

the

really a

oxide."
7

to

give.

the

basic
basic

Berlin.

As

white

known

am

few

material.
Fletcher's

similar

of

notes

DOMINION

as

nature

acquainted

not

or

with

yellowish-white powder,

liquid,whose

is

been
an

exact

informed

oxysulphate

oxychlorides

are

is

of

I have

dentine

sulphate

is

preparations

opaque

compound

of

of the

trial of the

superior

in America.

of

oxychlorides

readers

opinion,

so

purposes
that

I have

as

diversified

and

constant

use

other

in

syrupy,

artificial

made

not

market

consists

use

the

far

as

as, in my

believe

to

to

I make

which

used

it for certain

service

Recently

introduced

such

inclined

have

who

Dentine.

make

find

am

which,

extensively

as

personally
I

material

Zinc.

Berlin.

Miller,

is

not

that

preparation

Artificial

D.

practice,and

Journal

The

have

materials

other

to

is

ascertain, is

to

of

Oxysulphate

zinc

of

oxysulphate
able

been

the

; the

by
in

tion
composithe
the

facturer,
manusame

hydrochloric

replaced by sulphuric acid, and

zinc

with

small

proportion

it

of free

DOMINION

98

thick

JOURNAL

quiterapidly,in fact
it is in the cavity it is hard
as
soon
as
enough to undergo the
ever,
trimming. The time recjuiredfor its settingcan, hownecessary
Like
be increased ad libituni by mixing it sufficiently
thin.
in qualityif
other preparationsof its kind, it rapidly deteriorates
not
to it,or if the bottles are
kept
impuritiesobtain access
any
corked.
perfectly
it has not quite the hardness
of plasterof
When
fullyhardened
Paris,but is a little tougher. In positionswhere it is not affected
it to last as
long as two
by mastication, I have known
years,
though it is solelyfor temporary purposes that I use or recommend
non-irritant ; a quantityof the material mixed,
it. It is practically
the sensation
the tongue, produces about
of a
being taken upon
I use
half per cent,
solution of carbolic acid.
it in my
private
practiceand at the dental institute of the University:
When
the pulp has been fully
I. For capping exposed pulps.
to such
prepared for capping I mix a small quantityof the cement
a
consistencythat,when it is taken upon the point of an excavator,
it does
flow off from
thin to hang
not
it but still is sufficiently
in the shape of a minute
down
of this
drop. If a drop of cement
consistencya little larger than a pin head is brought into contact
it spreads itself out
with the point of exposure,
the surface of
over
the pulp,adapting itself perfectly
and forming
to its irregularities
much
a
more
periectcoveringthan can be obtained with asbestos,
piecesof paper, gutta percha or any other material which cannot
be appliedin a semi-fluid state ; besides,what is of greatest importance,
be applied without a trace of pressure.
it may
Those
who
for certain cases
favor an
antisepticcapping may
the antiseptic
easilyproduce the desired action by incorporating
interfere with
substances
into the capping material, though some
the hardening. As
which
the cap has hardened
soon
as
requires
about two
mixed
the
minutes
was
(more if the cement
very thin),
be completed. If it is a doubtful
I finish the
filling
case,
may
If it is a
operationwith oxy sulphateand wait three or four weeks.
fresh exposure
If
and the pulp healthy,I finish with oxyphospJiate.
I
of a failure,
the possibility
to exclude
finallyI have every reason
place a layer of oxyphosphate, over 'the cap of oxysulphate,and
material at once.
filling
complete the operation with a permanent
The directions for use
accompanying the material appear to me to
When

mixed

DKN'IAL

moderately

it liardeiis

ORIGINAL

COMMUNICATIONS

99

of using it will,I am
sure,
fundamentally wrong ; my manner
give better results.
from
In the operationof perforating
or
2.
removing hard fillings
pericementiticteeth, I have found the oxysulphate to be of the
for the patient,
How
painful if not unbearable
greatest service.
be

and

how

trying

to

the

operator it is

to

operate

upon

tooth

ating
excrucitouch causes
slightest
be made
pain, we all know, and yet this operation may
almost
or
quite painless. Dry the tooth to be operated upon as
each
well as
the adjoining tooth, on
side, with bibulous
paper,
mix
then
a
large quantity of the oxysulphate,say half a thimble
full,and plasterit with a broad spatulaupon the lingualas well as
labial surface of the three teeth, slightlypressingupon
it so as to
in one
force it between
the teeth.
It hardens
two
or
sufficiently
the adjoiningteeth.
minutes
to fix the tooth
immovably between
which
the operation of removing the filling
The
with
ease
may
of surprise,
both to patientand
then be performed is often a matter
plasterof Paris may take the place of
operator. In these cases
oxysulphate.
oxysulphate or plasterof Paris, may be used
3. In like manner
with
during the operation of filling
gold, for fixingteeth which
liave become
loosened, no matter
by what process.
make
of the oxysulphate for pressing
use
4. I also sometimes
the gums
from
the cervical margin of cavities,particularly
away
in wedgeshaped cavities where
be made
cotton
to hold.
cannot
mixed
rather
Dry the cavity thoroughly and fill it with cement
it has begun to harden
it with a pledget
thick,and when
press upon
of cotton.
The cement
spreads out and forces the gums back at
the margin of the cavity.
of whatever
I
cotton
nature
5. For enclosing applicationson
have
found
the oxysulphate vastly superior to gutta percha.
Whether
I have to make
an
applicationto an inflamed pulp,for
the purpose
of sterilizing
the cavity,
or
a
root canal or
disinfecting
variably
a
devitalizing
pulp, or obtunding sensitive dentine, I almost init with
the oxysulphate. It is a very
difficult
cover
matter
to cover
with
a
pledgetof cotton, well saturated with liquid,
in a shallow cavity,but it may
be very
gutta percha, particularly
easilyaccomplished with oxysulphate. The necessary experience
in the manipulationof the material
is best acquired by making a
which

may

be

so

sensitive

that

the

DOMINION

loo

few

of the mouth.

out
fillings

them

which

DENTAL

JOURNAL

It is

particularlyin making applications

of arsenic to the dental pulp that the manner
of enclosing
has great advantages,as
of keeping a local anaesit admits
thetic
constantlyin contact with the pulp and avoids the pressure
is too frequentlya cause
of severe
pain followingsuch applications.

6. I

then

and

oxysulphate for fixingmetallic caps

the teeth in regulatingappliances where
over
they are to remain
but a short time, also for temporarily settingpivot teeth.
In
short,any one who becomes
acquainted with the material will find
it so useful that he will wonder
how
he was
able to get along
ever
now

without

the

use

it.

Dental

D.

By
In
well

down

under

thin

firmlydown
I

hold

the

rubber

the teeth.

; it will

carry

lower

molar

bicuspid missing, it

down

when

even

piece of m.etal, German

neatly between
and

the

part of

anterior

the gum,

keep

Brockville,Ont.

BeacOCK,

in the

a cavity
filling

difficult to
Take

V.

Dots.

When

the rubber

below

is sometimes
is used.

clamp

Taggart tin,fit it
is adjusted,press this
the edge of the cavity

silver

the rubber

that is

or

it there.
heard

once

Prof

Mayr

say

at

meeting,that

dental

it had

of dentists to recommend
and give
peculiartreatment
phosphate of lime and phosphate food in general,with the idea of
wanting the lime salts in the teeth/
supplying that which was
Said he : You
pack such children in a lime barrel,you can feed
may

been*

the

"

them
take
the

lime
up

and

stew

lime

The

particlemore.

proper

channels

is justas

and

full of red

supplieshave to go
they are not accepted.
its

small

well

answers

when

we

wooden

sized

want

for
to

for their teeth will

effect,

ash without

in

lime
proper

tape

as

certain

screw,

has

form.

that

the

gum

be introduced
The

of any

through
digestivedepartment

Government.

regulated course,
into the

screwed

packing gutta percha

force

to

out

or

not

w^hich

without

root

of

composition

of the way,

All

tooth,

around

leave it two

;
or

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

loi

to hold the material in

serves
days. The head of the screw
set.
place; no danger of it coming out when once
he ever
Dr. Eleazer Parmley says that the first gold filling
saw
in 1815, and it was
England.
was
put in by Dr. Wait, of London,
the other day, "Oh, dear ! our teeth
An old lady remarked
to me
trouble when
are
a
they are
they are coming, a trouble when
here, and a trouble when
they gone, very like our children,in this
respect."

three

Artificial teeth

arrangement,

depends
be

may

complexion,

Temperament,

Dentistry relies more

upon
than any other
profession.
his medicine
never

was

or

nature

law

made

work, like the poor,

that

has

been

if we

has

done

is

done

years

work

and

ago,

of countenance

The

of

the

practice
whether
there

lawyer says

the dentist's

But

We

us.

and

knows

be evaded.

know

set

proper

views

physiciannever
not

respects.

of art.

sense

present with

ever

of

construction

the work.

that could

other

in

generalcast

and

common

The

in

as

colour,size,positionand

successful

mastication,yet

defective

very

in the

artificial teeth,to constitute

for

on

contour,

all be considered

should

well

very

expression,which

speech or
relative

serve

may

see

can

why

work

our

the wherefore

and

will.
invented

Cheoplasty was

by

Blandy,of Baltimore, in

Dr. A. M.

1854.
The

highestaim

ambition

of every

Instead

of

it

so

heads

of the

press

can

its stand
cloths.

part of

are

teeth

the

in the

useful articles per

departuresare

spring or

be done

stationaryto

without

of the water
coiled wire

on

over

or

the
the

the
by simply filing

flask,both it and

in the boiler

set

out

can

highest

the teeth.

lifted off and

put in your

down

flask

be

can

made

"

life ; the

heater,and

put

the
on

handling or using
while vulcanizing,
use
strong enough to hold

any

the water.

said to be

have

it

you

screwed

old mattress

the flask above

There

When

lifted off and

again and
To
keep

an

that

portable. This

screws.

be

be' to preserve

flask screwed

your

fixed

that is,made

screws,

physicianis to prolong

dentist should

having

bench, have

We

of the

no

United

less than

twelve

States, which

manufactories

make

10,000,000

now

of these

annum.

departures, old departures,in fact all

new

cial
of artifi-

in

vogue

; the

new

sorts

arrogantlyscoffingat

of
the

DOMINION

I02

DENTAI.

old, the

old, sneering

blending

and

dentists.

There

the

at

JOURNAL
and

new,

still both

of

them

combining in practice. Mallets and punching,

and unannealed
annealed
gold,plastics,
copperedand non-coppered
amalgams, yet in spiteof all the teeth go to the dogs,or to the
forceps,and artificial teeth are the last refugeof the majorityof
is

yet

great deal

teeth and

learn about

to

their

learn from
and the more
we
preservation. The older we grow
do know.
the less we find we really
We occasionally
see
experience,
dentist just fledged from
to
a
collegewho reallyassumes
young
know

itall.

Cotton
such
screw

as

holder,to make

waste
a

tooth-powderbox.

cover,

in the

form

of

pullit off

Take

Cut

the four

down

length; press
the cotton

two

cross,

box,
deep glassor porcelain
slits in the top of the metal

one

inch

points into the box

the

or

little more

in

; the slits will catch

By puttingin a
pieceof sheet lead cemented to the bottom or a littleshot to weight
it,every dentist may make himself a very handy little receptacle
for bits of waste
etc., without
cotton, bibulous paper,
taking off
with his fingers. It is always clean,easilymade
and self-acting.
the preservationof exposed
Dr. Abbott
says that he considers
of modern
dental surgery.
pulps one of the greatest achievements
In 1850 there were
silver
only two kinds of base platesin use
for temporary
and gold for permanent.
Copper amalgam is very useful for many
thingsin dentistry,
teeth.
be used for fasteninga tooth on a
besides filling
It may
for back molars, making matrubber
rices
plate,making a full crown
surface for a gold
for striking
articulating
up a gold cusp or
strengtheningor reinforcingplastermodels, cusps or any
crown,
and

plyersor

excavator.

"

part of the

readilybuilt
it.

This

in the

up

is often

very

platinum band round

quite hard enough to
would

over

and

be broken.

Dr. Putnam
in

claims

making

Statistics show
Dentists
to

whole

tooth

be

may

tooth

burnish
The

or

on,

root,
while

amalgam

can

the

as

the

tooth

amalgam

plastertooth

all be

saved

is

is frail

and

used

again.

over

vulcanizer

tooth, or

impressionbefore running the plasterinto

useful when
it is necessary
to fit a gold

or

and

of

root

or

gums

to have

the first dentist

to

ever

use

teeth.

that there
then

been

as

bicuspid,
except

are

more

rule should
in extreme

first molars
take out
cases.

the

lost than
molar

in

pids.
bicus-

ence
prefer-

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

square
case

don't let the rubber

and

off the

scrape

the

face

then

the

when

ground surface without

the square

over

of gum,

porcelain. I learned this from castingaluminum,

overlapanywhere, when using this metal,will result in
thin

crackingthe
the smallest

Another

fracture.

come

level with

wax

it will draw

shrinks

rubber

vulcanizing,grind the tops

them
over
; in waxing up the

breaking blocks, when

avoid

To

103

caution

is not

to have

air-bubbles

any

plasterat the back of the gum, and be careful

sufficient
flasks together to give the rubber
adapt itself over the matrix left by the wax.
the result of either carelessness or ignorance.

when
time

in the

pressing the
to spread and

Broken

blocks

are

Registering Operations.
H.

H.

By

D.D.S., L.D.S., St. Thomas,

Way,

Ont.

An
heading of
Improved Dental Ledger," in the
of the
December
some
QuarterlyCiraclar,Dr. Bryan enumerates
a
simple and full record of dailyoperaadvantages of making
tions
for regularpatients."
From
the very first of my
practice,
eighteenyears ago, I began
inserted,and
recording but the date and location of all fillings
from time to time improved thereon, until now, when
I find it of
more
importance than ever.
It is not
alone
of self-protection
matter
a
against designing
others' work
to the doing of our
own
or
over
again
persons, as
but
without
of
some
registeredoperations
system
recompense,
in
of educating ourselves
due time, still another
means
becomes,
the

Under

"

"

up

branch

in any

Probably
the extra

most

of work
of

like.

we

those

already in full practicewill

if they will but consider that

think

of

it is for
required,but
the future
down
is very quickly noted
with pencil for the time
a portionof
being the habit will be readilyformed, and becomes
the operation itself. We
chosen
come
to love our
professionthe
when
more
strivingto improve on our past labors,but to do this
have facilitiesof referring
back in any given instance.
we
must
time

"

"

I dare
record

in

say

all dentists

particularcases

have
that

at times
come

felt the
up

again

lack of
for

some

past

attention,and

DOMINION

I04

would

i^ivcmuch

of anyone

to

JOURNAL

be

cannot

brief facts of the

even

purchased with

but

case,

had

or

money,

else.

These

considerations
in their

startingout
form

some

refer
"i^^'iin

forgotten. They

now

arc

to

DENTAL

of

commended
especially

are

outstart

very

to

men

begin with

of past work.

keeping track

It will be apparent

the

; at

careers

to young

that

the

below

system

given is yet

to

open

in use.
improvement ; it is simply offered as one now
An appointment book, journaland ledgerare
needed.
For
the first-named,I much
with three days to a
prefer one
is in
page, so that as it lays open before me, the full week's work
For
view.
having for each
compactness of space, I like best one
illustration of the teeth,much
a
as
day a straightand narrow
double
full set of plain teeth lay upon
the wax.
The
various
operations are accuratelyoutlined on these diagrams, and each
numbered
to tallywith the hour oppositethe patient's
name
below;
be also made
of amount
note
a
charged.
may
If so
be dispensed with, and
at
preferred,the journal can
leisure the important work
posted into the registeringledger,
using,of course, an independent set of numerals for each patient.
By having a good rubber stamp diagram and red ink pad, two
or

individual

more

accounts,

needed

as

to

be

may

page,

had,

thus

utilizing
ledger ^pace, and ledgers fill up only too soon.
When
of a case, a
desiringto keep trace of certain peculiarities
numbered
of the ledgeritself for
is made
note
at back
on
fly-leaf
future

convenience.

These

developments
given note answers

that

future
any

found

I have

To

occur.

for all like

curtail

shorten, I have, in the

distinct notes, and
Be

careful to preserve

be

wanted,

it is

But
believe
book

record

you

appointment books,

to

than
and

now

for

writing,

this device

more

others

in

they

too

200

then.
will

will find.

preferableto

it will stand

in

have

the

the

courts

journal for

all entries,and

that of any

over

appointment
of

a
again,it obviates the need alone
separate
of dailycash receipts. In this connection, however, a careful
ing
of office disbursements
should
not be forgottenfor balanc-

record

book

up
net

as

all old

by

made

of six years,
space
still find occasion to add

of

amount

Even

cases.

be valuable

to

come

at end

; and

of each

receiptsare

year.

running,and

You

must

watch

know
them

as

at all times

you

would

how

the

the ther-

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL
for the

momcter

weather.

This, too,

interest,by arranginc^the

considerable

the left side of

broad

sheet, and

105

be

can

made

feature of

of the months

names

the years

the top

across

down

margin,
receipts

enteringthe cash
After several full years are filled up, begin at the bottom
thereon.
of the first year and trace a red line,representingthat year'stotal
on
are
ever
through the succeeding years
amount,
pleased to
you
of months.
it risingthrough the record
see
Then, by-and-bye,
line drops
the same
aspirationsare in a degree chilled when
your
it sometimes
a
as
little,
However, it is
must, in succeeding years.
an
objectlesson, which we are the most interested in.
I feel that there is ample room
for a further development in
dental book-keeping,and
believe it worthy of stillfurther thought
than has yet been given it.
and

then

close

the

at

of each

month

"

The
Oliver

By
For

Cast

L.D.S., Ottawa, Ont.

Martin,
the

Filling.

has
porcelainfilling

been

called

plastic
reasonable
to call it porcelainfilling,
more
as
a
has reference to soft substances,when
plasticfilling
placed in the
The
is cast,
teeth,as the many
amalgams in use.
porcelainfilling
or
moulded, baked before it is placed in the cavity; the process has
been
explained,but I wish to simplifyit,so as to place it in the
for
have not
the material
laboratoryof every dentist. When
you
the purpose, take a pieceof fine earthen-ware, such as a cup, grind
some

reasons

filling.It appears

it

as

You

fine

wish

now

stove, take

place it

flour between

as

to

test

the

two

make
flat-irons,

strengthof

clean crucible of small

inside of

paste with

dry
porcelain,

size; this is your

it

furnace.

on

water.

your
If you

cylinderit will retain the heat better.

Place the crucible on its side in the cylinder,
which is also on its side,
face
place the porcelainin the crucible ; being on its side,givesyou surthen use
the blow-pipe ; in a
enough for three or four fillings,
few moments
is brought to a red heat, which
is sufficient
your filling
to unite the particles
together. Care should be taken not to
If the
to a white
bring the filling
heat, as it renders it brittle.
is of sufficient strength no
stone-ware
other ingredientwill be
otherways,use one-third of ground
necessary, but should it prove
a

sheet-iron

your

DOMINION

io6

DRN

TAL

JOURNAL

glass,mix the two flours well togetherin the dry state

when
baked, but not fused.
give you a strong i)orcelain
of

moulding

casting

is

well-known

so

if^ your

is
plaster mould
paste firmlytogether,make

repetition
;
press you

and

not
a

that

; this will

The

cess
pro-

it needs

no

sufficiently
strong

mould

of

zinc,

as

to

much

depends on the firmness of your paste to make

strong porcelain.
The
be done before it is
should
adjustment of a porcelainfilling
in the tooth, by placing it in positionand
cemented
testingthe
it may
articulation
of its contour,
as
beyond
project too much
the walls of the cavity. Here
into play,as
skilful grinding comes
of judgment will spoil the filling.It requiresskill and
a
want
like the tooth.
so
to appear
as
practiceto filla cavitywith porcelain,
The coloring of the flour with chrome
yellow and other unfusable
earths of different shades, is more
difficult of adjustment than the
with a fine point
be malletted
cast
gold filling.The gold can
plugger after it is secured in the cavityso as to spread the surface
of the gold over
the cement
(providedtwenty-two gold is used),to
the walls of the cavity. This cannot
be done with porcelain.Why?
Greater nicetyof adjustment is required. The
of a screw
to
use
retain the filling
in position is superiorto the pin cemented, as it
binds it to the walls of the cavitywith a pressure
that does not
When
give away.
place a pin in
porcelainfilling,
your
you mould
is intended
to be; this Vv'ill
positionin the mould the size the screw
be according to the size of the filling,
it. When
not
to weaken
so
as
the paste is dry,draw the pin out gently,with a slight
turningmotion.
This being successful,
the filling
nicelyadjusted in the cavity(we
the baking,etc.),
take a drill that will pass in the hole of
pass over
the filling
and drill into the tooth for a few threads of the
freely,
is taken, take a gold wire the size
The length of the screw
screw.
of your drill,
drill a hole into a small piece of thick gold plateand
solder your
finished.

wire

Be

sure

it,this will form

to

the

screw

does

not

nice head
bind

to your

in the hole

screw

when

of the hard

When
in two.
the
danger of forcingthe filling
has been
the length to bind
the filling
screw
cut
firmly,place a
of two or three folds of gold foil to cushion the head of the
washer
the filling,
this is afterwards
A tooth
be
trimmed.
on
can
screw
filled with soft gold foil that will fillevery pitof the cavity. When
is pressedin and held by the screw, allowingthe
the porcelainfilling
foil to projectbeyond the walls for a good finish,
very nice work can
else
filling,

there is

ORIGINAL

COMMUNICATIONS

107

givegold the preferencefor small

size fillings.
A largeporcelain
be managed very well,like
can
filling
but gold will allow you more
a crown,
manipulation. Placingporcelain
teeth is not new^, it is the same
the pivot tooth
crowns
on
as
which has been
in use
many
years, the improvements that have
been made
the placingof crowns
are
on
any tooth,or roots, partial
Harris
entire.
if I remember
or
rectly,
corspeaks of porcelaincrowns,
twelve
have, in the dental profession,
years
ago ; but we
who
are
practitioners
apt to grasp at every new, and
many
young
overlook
important and good pointsof the past, unless they
many
are
brought forward occasionallyin the journalsof the day. Apart
be done

from

in this way,

this

still I would

few steps in advance

are

regards the method

itself superiorto an

made

as

of

old
manipulation,material used, that proves
method.
before the dentists of
By simplifyingit brings it anew
the day, and is not a mere
repetition.
Since writing,I received a letter from Dr. C. H. Land, of Detroit,
who
claims to be the originatorof the system of casting filling
from

crowns,

will

all kinds

of material.

He

be what

may

he states, I

this

of Canada

to
point; but, if so, he does not appear
for advertising
his claim,and bringingit before the dentists
who
his pamphlet. Still there are
not have
seen
may

pointsin

what

not

thank

if it

argue

me

has been

stated that may

be of benefit to Dr.

nothing else than the use of plumbago as

it is far superiorto sand, as its atoms
as
castings,
was

those

of sand

will it

pack

closely. To
superiorto sand.

much

make

the mould
a

flask.

finest

The

capable of being
afterwards.
sifting

To
new

in

Cast

Crowns,

continue
ideas.

these

If not

advance, what

I stated

and

over

remarks

that

on

and

this

or

style of

altogetheroriginalthere

the dentists

an

impression,nor

for the
a

while
flat,

zinc,will be

little plasterwould

absolutelynecessary, if you
be made
with plumbago, and
over
again,by crushing and

Swedged

the

fine

are

not

castingscan
used

as

plumbago

use

stronger, but it is

it is

The

take

cannot

as

found

use

and

round

are

for fine

mould

Land,

are

Capped
work

Crowns.

give some

may

always

few

points

lookingfor. We cannot speak of a

method
for saving teeth or to supply their loss without a repetition
of an old subject,
but to speak of itis to keep it young.
is no
There
doubt
that the cast
is superiorto the cap, in gold work^
crown
are

DOMINION

io8

when

DENTAL

JOURNAL

The cap is
projectinga few lines above the gums.
it like a clasp,and the cement
made
fillsthe imperfect
to fit round
This can
be accomplishedwith
adaptationof the two hard bodies.
the cast crown
when
an
impressionis taken of the root, and a cast
from that impression. The adaptationof these two hard bodies is
be produced by swedging, owing to the
more
perfect than can
of solid gold is expenspring in the gold plate. But a gold crown
sive,
of gold in the mouth
and
the appearance
is liked by the
of tin if it
majority of people; they would not like the appearance
the dentist is obliged to conform
as
were
good. For this reason
himself to the pocket and taste of his patient. The cap has become
popular and I believe the majority of dentists practise it.
very
is a difficulty
There
in swedging a cap an
inch long by a quarter of
is difficult
inch in diameter
and even
to form a bicuspid,
an
a molar
to swedge from
one
plate of gold. To do this the gold requires
to be very fine,like the No.
i
gold used as a plate for finishing
be used with this gold. An
fillings.A little heavier plate can
be swedged from one
incisor cap can
pieceof plate; by annealling
it will stretch without
ting
frequently,
breaking. For durabilitya cutedge cap can be stamped from the same, dry and soldered ;
this makes
nice piece of work.
When
the gold is not
as
a very
root

is

fine the size of your

littlesmaller
soldered

on

and
ferrule,

than

tooth

the model

model

is taken

and

soldered.

and

The

ferrule is made
cap

is afterwards

the edge of the cap being trimmed

to the
ferrule,
the solder finished on
the ferrule,
it is ready for the

the

swedge, being careful to anneal frequentlyand not to stamp at one

the form of a
great blow, but by gradual taps. In this manner
gold tooth can be produced. The die can be made of cast iron, if
In a cruthe zinc will not stand the cuttingedge of the incisor.
cible
place small piecesof iron ; when melted add one-half of iron
pyrites,this will run very fine and makes a good die. Place in
the sand with a ring,pour zinc round it to give itjweight.The concave
be made
With
skill a nicely
of zinc or type metal.
die can
be gained by
tooth from the impression,
formed
and strengthcan
and
placinga wire in the impression which is held by the plaster,
the additional
will hold
plasterthat is to be formed as a tooth.
is very good,
of the cap tooth with
the white cements
The
filling
but to

pack

pressingthe soft rubber on the cast

vulcanizingit there,givesa perfectadaptationand

it with

of the root, and

rubber

and

LEGISLATION

advantage of this packino^is that holes

The

stronger tooth.

rubber

be drilled into the hard

be cemented

The

the roots.

to

so

the fused

state

will have

tooth,with
drilled

an

bend

with

in the

iron

wire
form

into

it,they

be too

not

can

large,

of the canal.

crucible,dip your iron

tooth

all the

the

pins screwed
pins should

and

can

They will hold

firmer by conforming themselves
into the shape of the
the crown
canal than if the root canals are drilled straightto receive a
root
As
before stated, a
straightpin,and the root is not weakened.
is very natural,but
it
it is delicate ; this makes
porcelaincrown
difficult to control.
Many are broken when on the point of finish,
that will overcome
this
and the dentist is discouraged. A method
is to cast your tooth of iron ; iron will melt in the crucible
difficulty,
that there is no
as
readilyas fine gold,and let it be understood
metal more
wholesome
in the mouth
than iron ; any decomposition
of the iron in the mouth
That
small ball
a
strengthensthe blood.
of iron held in the mouth
from
day to day for a time, the weak
made
remarks
of
account
on
are
person will gain strength. These
the oversight that might be made
as
regards iron in the mouth.
We
will say your iron tooth is cast, the holes drilled for the pins,
it is all fitted,
it has been tried in its position in the mouth, the
form is satisfactory,
it is now
Melt
glass in
ready for the enamel.
melted
add
one-half the quantity of glass
a clean
crusible;when
used of cobalt,this will give you
beautiful enamel
that can
be
a
tinted with any metallic oxyde. When
all is ready,the enamel
in
but

they will

109

that will

be

as

into

crown

natural

as

any

it,and

you

porcelain

be
desire, that can
strength the dentist can
to hold
danger of breaking,for pinsand screws
thickness of the enamel
be produced by
can

into,without

it in

position. The
repeateddipping.

Legislation.
Funny
Reported by
The
whom

followingis
the

Dental

the

Board

last
of

Legislation.
H.

Jackson, Quebec.

specimen of the

Quebec

has

had

of

people with
to deal ;
occasionally
sort

no

and

be

it may

DOMINION

DKNTAL

said, that if

constant

JOURNAL

and
"practice" in litigation
dental legislation
to (lualify
of the
were
men
to practiselaw, some
members
of the Quebec Dental
lk)ard would
receive the legal
degree.
Private
"An

Act

authorizingDidier

practisein the Province

by

for

study and indenture

previousexperience.
Whereas

Garneau, student

of Quebec

of

term

])ua..
of

to
dentistry,
of
his
period

shorteningthe

of his advanced

reason

age

and

Garneau, of the city of Montreal, has, by his

petition,represented that for the most part of the last nine years
he

has

Didier

studied
the

passed

and

practised dental

matriculation

examination

that

and

surgery,

required

before

having
entering

the

study of dentistryand that having entered upon the

the study required by the
indentured, and made
study he was
dental association
during the first half of his indenture,for which
upon

he holds

board

or

And

whereas

present

of dentists ;
it is expedient

Her

Majesty, by and
Legislatureof Quebec, enacts
1.

Dental

The

certificate

admitting him
all the

the

said

Didier

duly

made

said

the

advice

follows

of

into force

thereafter

may

Quebec

dental
The

association

officers to
the said
refuse

fullyand

as

bet
The

Quebec
the

or

is

said

hereby
Didier

of this

Province,
surgeon
dental association
and to
thereof.

neglect to

deliver to the
had
the

been
said

in the Province

surgery
if he was
member
a

of

present Act
on

the

day

shall not

effect

pending

to

induced

cases

and

shall

come

of its sanction."

made

every

individual

member

his

large number
petitionto

by

of the

the

applicantto
Legislature; the

cityfor the express purpose of

circulated to the members,
of
the

respectablephysicians of
a
Legislatureto be made

sign
One
of his several attorneys offered
by Act of Parliament.
be secured.
of fifty
dollars to one
that the Private Bill would
French
Dental
Board
issued in English and
countera

dentist
s.

of

grant

legallyas

ingenious party settled in Quebec

lobbying ; he had printed statements
had

of the

consent

practisedental
as

fore,
There-

association.

the press, and

Montreal

and

the members

Every possiblemisrepresentationwas

and

petition;

licentiate dental
of

and

after demand
month
Garneau, within one
in that case
for such certificate,
then
and

Garneau

Didier

2.

as

his said

of the Province

proper

member

grant

to

as

Surgery of
approved by the

been

enjoyed by
rightsand privileges

Should

such

as

of Medicine

bill has

with

Association

authorized, through its

Garneau

School

the

the

that

Montreal, and
"council

from

diploma

to

LEGISLATION

the

Beers,

Dr.

Bills committee

the Private

petitionto

iii

of

President

the

and

Board

the

to

and
Legislature,
Casgrain, of

Ed.

Dr.

to
Quebec, Vice-President, and Dr. S. Globcnsky, Treasurer, went
the
that
members
had
been
deluged
Quebec, and found, as usual,
Drs. Casgrain and
their
used
with false statements.
Globensky
and
and
experience with the French members
persuasive powers
Garneau's
the
of
the
astonished
them
presentation
misreextent
by
petitioner

committee, the attorney of the

molished
deBeers, who, in eight minutes
the prospects of the petitionerby producing proof,

When
Board

Bill

the

That

1.

for

the

Dr.

of the "nine

most

years" claimed,

commercial

in two

paid employee

before

came

brieflyintroduced

firms,and

!
of four different newspapers
of the four
The
indenture
that
2.
proof

the party had

the
3. That
one

4. That

the Bill

Dr. Beers

facts,and
before

that

"

Court

for such

examination

was

made

!
the Board

approved by

certified and

copies of

sealed

convictions

two

of Dentists

proofs of these

and

!"

other

against the party

!
practisingillegally
say," inquired Attorney-General Casgrain of

to

mean

you

the

even

not

was

moreover,

the President

and

regularform

produced

the Police

Do

"

had
Surgery of Montreal
tickets
the
for
diploma,"
simply
ordinary
lectures on
physiology,chemistry and
anatomy,

in the

not

years'studentshiprequired,

but

"

medica, and

specialand

year

of

course

materia

advertisingagent

an

0/ Medicine

School

him

granted

not

only passed

one

been

the party had

for

of Mr. Garneau
Board, that these statements
in his Bill are
false,that he has not the approval of the Board,
etc.?
I mean
the reply, that they are deliberate
to
say," was
and premeditated falsehoods !
Is Mr. Garneau
The
man
gentlepresent? asked Mr. Cook, M.P.P.
"

of the

"

"

"

"

"

"

aro.se
"

Mr.

about
Cook.

with

Garneau,

face

seraph sat

I had

put them

to

of the Board
demand
member

out

the

argue
for incessant

of the
and

urgentlydemanded
the Dominion.

Bill

your

true?"

not

are

of

shoulder.

in

statements

said Mr.
"

are
truth-telling,
///^rj/

Bill to

my

truth-teller. But

the

personal pleasure
prosecutors

in

each

on

before

get them

the

"

Nobod}' called him

indignantlythrew

if a

as

is it

and

of

bland

possiblethat your
approval of the Board
having
"Well," responded this specimen

Legislature!

The

as

the

true, but

not

to

the

in

unanimously
hear the attorney

waiting
distinctively
legalpointsof
watchfulness

Quebec

examiners

the committee

without
Bill,

Board

officials
all in

Quebec

one.

more

must

make

sinecure, and

no

to

to

play

the

in any

other

question.

the
it

role of

It is however
than

the

can

position
be

no

detectives,
duty most
Province

of

DOMINION'

112

DIA'IAL

Ontario
The

fourth

JOURNAL

Dental

Society.

will be held in
mcctinc;of the above society,
the city of Toronto, Tuesday, Wednesday
and
Thursday, July
19th, 20th and 2ist; convenin^r promptly at two o'clock in the
afternoon
of the first day.
The
in preparationpromises to be one
that should
programme
interest every progressivedentist in the province.
of the
members
Essays will be read by the followingwell known
:
profession
G. H. Weagant,
L.D.S.,Cornwall
Copper Amalgam.
M. G. McElhinney,
its applicaD.D.S., Ottawa
Electricity;
tion
annual

"

"

Dentistry.

to

W.

Geo.

Beers, L.D.S., Montreal

N. Pearson,
A
L.D.S., Toronto

Notes

"

plea

"

the natural

on

Alveolar

for the

Abscess.

preservationof

teeth.

Jas. Stirton, D.D.S., Guelph

Diagnosis of

"

the diseases

of the

teeth.
C. N.

Johnson, D.D.S., Chicago Incidents of office practice.

Also, clinics have been arranged for demonstrating the more
advanced
operations.
notified at this early date, that you may
You
are
regulateyour
time

"

in advance.

The

official programme

will be issued
R.

May 30th, 1892.

G.

about

July

ist.

McLaughlin,

Secretary.

Selections.
The
Read

before

By

Dentist's

the American

E.

Gentlemen,

"

De

Dental

Societyof Europe,
August, 1 89 1.

Trey,

I do

Hygiene.
at

Heidelberg,

D.D.S., Basel, Switzerland.

meeting

with

subjectof the dentisfs own

bearing upon dental hygiene.

This

not

remember

any

treatise

the

hygiene,though
is certainly
are
a
The
often
loss
of
health
incurred
too
question.
by
very important
the long-continued
sity
practiceof dentistryis a sad proof of the neceshis
for
his
dentist must
health
of this article. The
own
keep
sake and that of his clients'. Operating from day to day produces a
tension
heavy strain on the vital forces,and induces great nervous

bearingdirectlyon
there

several

in the operator.
What
a pity to
conditions

see

man

practisinghis

art

under

unfavorable

SELECTIONS
The

digestiveand
positionof the body
the cord of

bent

113

suffer from

respiratory
organs
; the

bow,

the operator
finally

the

abnormal

strained,like
system continually

nervous

perform its functions,and

at last to

ceases

tires of his

vocation,while his work

loses its

excellence.

former

only by wisely regulatingthe details of his life that the

attain clear and intelligent
can
practitioner
conceptions,
rapid and
well
find
in
the
as
performance of his
pleasure
easy execution, as
duties.
Long is the list of men
engaged in intellectual or manual
their
pursuitswho, by neglectingthe laws of hygiene,have seen
fulfilled
have
down
cut
not
they
prematurely,
strengthdecline,and,
the hopes entertained of them, nor
furnished that career
which they
It is

had

themselves

traced out.
of our
abstract is offered only to the serious members
fession,
proand not to those whose ignoranceand incapacity
lower and

This

the level of charlatanism.

degrade it to

my task as well as I can, and

three years will enable me.

far

as

I shall attempt to perform

an
experience of twenty-

as

practisedentistryit is necessary to have good health and a

nervous
force,and an active,
strong constitution,plentyof muscular
make
a good
can
never
temperament, because a phlegmatic man
is
it
of
not
to
means
only possible keep
hygiene,
operator. By
To

one's self up

mark, but also

to the

to make

one

careful diet and

up

for one's

deficiencies,

in the other
by a
of operating.
by a painstakingand methodical manner
all
The
and heatingare
ventilation,
light,
questionsof situation,
has
health.
the
dentist's
that
he
to
to
Considering
important ones

in the

case

pass a great part of his time

will have a beneficial effect on
be

in-doors,a

and

gay

his character.

The

separatedfrom the waiting-roomthat

of the patientcannot
be overheard.
conversation

must
or

healthyhabits,and

of the

so

would

two

tension,which

the

distract

is bad

operator, and

sunny

apartment

operating-room
the cries,groans,
The proximity

increase his

nervous

for all concerned.

The

also be at some
distance from the operlaboratorymust
ating-room,
without being out of reach.
An equable temperature
must
reignin the different rooms, because the operator is likelyto
cool down
The
quickly after heavy work.
temperature ought to
works
be about 20^ C.
He who
in-doors requiresa highertemperature
than

works out of doors ; the latter takes more

cise,
exernatural heat thus developed is increased
by more
feeding. On the other hand, overheated air draws the
he who

and
abundant

the

blood

the

to

effort.

The
in his

chair should

brain, where
temperature

work,

may

it is
must

not

always

by

intellectual

sorbed
constant, else the operator, abnotice its variations.
The
operatingthe fire. Moreover, as much
as
sible,
pos-

be too near
not
let the windows
remain open,
An
to health.
chimney with
open
8

attracted

be

as
a

fresh air is
wood

highlybeneficial

fire is best in the oper-

DOMINION

114

DENTAL

JOURNAL

atinc;-room,because
will do

for the

the

sight,on
blindingthan
in the
A

its steadiness

eastern

an

sun's

rays.
the window

below

The

one.

lightis bad

the

water

of

account

the

morning hours,when

southern

from

this system constantlyrenews

A northern
rest of the apartment.

light is less

western

has

been

operatingis done
refreshed with s^eep.

of its unsteadiness

and

lightis reverberated

it becomes

working upward
to the sight.
The
dentist practisingin
such as England, will find a
will

body

greatlylessen
a

dark

white

stove

li^htis best for

valuable

most

account

on

If the

; and

the air ;

very

the heat
sheet

by
vacillating.A
a

this evil,which

is very

of

blind

dicial
preju-

in a misty country
street, or
blind working from
below up-

w^ard very useful.

In choosing an

be given to the
operating-room,attention must
to the height of the windows, as well as
to the
size,and especially
size of the room,
which ought to be spacious. It is easy to understand
that plenty of air and lightconduce
work
than
better
to
a
restricted amount
of these.
A continual subjectot discussion
residence
The
is

author

should

pass

away

point whether

is the

from

the

plans. Keeping
counterbalancingbenefit

The

into

or

has tried both

expensive,but a
to and
fro,and

ideas.

be at

an

change of
operating-room to

who
simply leaves his
practitioner
for
his meals, is liable
adjoiningone

get enervated
should.
If he be

and

cross,

not

tist's
den-

up separate apartments
is the necessity
of walking

getting needful exercise and

thus

the

spot of his labors.

forced

and
to

his food
take

to

will not

out-door

lose his

tite,
appe-

profithim

as

exercise, he

it

will

often become
wish

of it,and the less he takes, the less he will

neglectful
take.
Patients
resides where
he
knowing that a man

to

will
practises

at undue
seeinghim justfor a moment
admission.
The
tion
combinatheir
against
ofifice is useful for saving time, for easier
and
of residence
work
and study during the winter evenings. On
the other hand,
the dentist is thus more
easilydistracted by the ties of family life.
All thingsconsidered,the author
is of opinion that the advantages
Great
of enforced exercise ought to overrule all other consideration.
The
cleanliness must
the apartment.
laboratory
reign all over
should have a chimney to carry off all acid and vulcanizingsmells
and vapors, which rust and corrode metal substances
lying around.

times

For

and

the

in

same

often insist

on

spiteof orders

reason,

the apartment
short,he who

must

be well ventilated

takes pride and

m.orn-

pleasurein his
ing and evening.
stylishinterior,
callingwill have an inviting,comfortable,and even
and even
draw compliments from them.
to pleaseclients,
as
so
careful
his personal appearThe
be
about
ance
operator must
very
he
avoid
have
to
must
or
a
jacket,
specialworking-coat
;
A white, easy-fitting
carryingwith him tobacco and other odors.
is
In
desirable.
winter
w^arm
a
Jaeger coat is practical,
garment
In

SELECTIONS

feel clean and

and

with

Black

neat.

or

much

lay too
appreciatedby the
tends to build

of which
in

warm

both

look

tact
easilybecome greasy by conthe
cosmetics
which
ladies
by

coats

winter,

fresh in

therefore
fatiguing,
A

summer

the

for it promotes
beneficial,
Intellectual effort draws

be soft and

must

specialpairs being
good calf,
Prolonged standingis
low shoe of

have

after the

his feet easy

day'swork is over

circulation

are

the observance

in cold weather.

the dentist should

foot-bath

warm

niceties,which

and
clients,

office.

in the dental

use

these

on

good practice.Footwear

fur,lined,is best

flannel,or

stress

better class of

lightand

for exclusive

kept

silk,which

use.

It is difficult to
much

smooth

or

soiled

hair,
patient's

the

sometimes

cloth

thing is white

the best

though

115

and

relaxes

and

fortable.
com-

is often

the

nerves

head, and the feet get cold

feet and a coo
avoided, as warm

the blood

to the

thing to be
digestion.
Those
who
perspirefreelyfrom the feet should change socks
here remark
that he has
twice a day. The writer would
or
once
in
known
two
cases
which, perspirationhaving been artificially
the result,followed
a
by death.
stopped, dangerous illness was
in consequence,
a
head insure good

Elastic
escape

The

but low shoes allow the

apt to stop circulation,
conducive
of heat and moisture, and are not
to cold feet.
boots

feet,cool head, and loose waist is to be

sayingof warm
and practised. The
neck also should be free,without

old

remembered
a

high or

are

pressure of a hard collar on the veins

gestion
during the various flections of the head bringson concollar.

narrow

of the neck

The

of the brain ; and this is very

A
apoplectictendencies.

with

men

silk tie,would
be
A dentist must

bad in the
fine white

best,if etiquetteallowed

of thick-necked

case

loose

flannel,with

it.

perfectlyclean and well-kepthands, with

have complained to us of having been
long.
scratched by too long nails,and one
lovelyclient made us once
pare
is
nails on
it
the spot. Yet
our
necessary to keep those of the
thumb
and forefinger
long enough to pick up quicklythe various
littleimplements in dailyuse.
Another
point is,that an operator
in generaluse
should not
too highly scented
tional
soap ; in fact,excepof
kind
of
is
The
hands
scent
out
cases
place.
apart,
any
in the patient's
should be washed
tist
presence, and every time the dennails not

Patients

of his

is called out

When

have

too

hands

and

arms

room.

begin to

feel

nervous

the
twitchings,

best

Should
water.
thing is to plunge them up to the elbow in lukewarm
there be tension, congestion,
weariness of the brain,a cold bath
or
will act very well.
The
handling of steel instruments
produces
lose their tactile sensibility.
which
To regain this,
horny fingers,
rub the fingers
off
without
too much
on
skin,
pumice-stone,
taking
as

certain

Above

amount

all,the

of hardness
dentist's

own

is necessary.
mouth
be in
must

fit and

proper

DOMINION

ii6

condition

means

arc

bad

breath

with the rind

time.

The

smell

of

and

Here

are

few useful

patients. There
some
they are unwhole-

ones

Chew

; this will freshen the breath

shce of

for

a fairly
long
lowing
garlicdisappears by chewing parsleyand swal(cw drops of
hypochlorideof soda" Oiqueur

on

juice. A
Labarraque) in half
powerfuldeodorizer.
its

de

JOURNAL

is sufficient to drive away

of rapidlysweetening the breath, but
a

to the stomach.

lemon

DENTAL

"

tumbler

of

The

frequentuse

too

constitute

water

effective

an

of aromatic

such

extracts,
stomach.

as
catechu, cloves,peppermint, etc., may
the walls of
Catechu, for example, is an astringentwhich contracts
the stomach, often producing cramps
the origin of which
is unsuspected.
Cloves cauterize
the mucous
and
membrane,
depriveit

injurethe

of its smoothness.
the

sense

Generallyspeaking,all these

of taste.

the stomach

Chewed

coffee-beans
Coffee

in noxious

deposits.
againstalkaloids ; a spoonfulwill mask
used internally
or
as
a gargle.
effects,
is

is

their smell
Coffee

the

to

excellent

an

lining of
antidote

annul

and
milk

and

injure

their

for breakfast

laxative and disinfectant.

nutritious,
will be shown
as
posture of the body whilst operating,

The

substances

adhere

on, has considerable

how
dentist w^ho knows

facilitate his

own

work

influence

placehis patientin

to

and

the health.

on

avoid

mutual

It is
the

While

torture.

for working with comfort

all necessary
means
will not dentists take the trouble to put their

to

rare

chair

ther
furfind

to
so

as

to

possessing

themselves, why

patientsin a position
going through a sort of gymnastics
easy
hurtful to the eyes, lungs,and stomach
The righteye of a dentist
?
who
does much
brilliant spot for
alter fixingthe same
gold-filling,
tired
the
becomes
weak
ation
Deviand
before
lett one.
hours,gets
long
of the visual rays is an affection which almost always affects
the righteye, and is caused by the ocular globe being twisted away
and
muscles
when
from its normal
overstrained
some
are
position,
for both

others
The

relaxed

best

of

instead
parties,

; this habit

and

in time

simplest way
in

the

to

dims

avoid

and

this

weakens

trouble

vision.

so

place

the
bring
patient
and to look at it in a straight
line,and not from
point of operation,
learn
direction.
must
to
a
one
Also,
slanting
operate on both
behind
well as in front.
sides of the patient,and from
as
By
different
of
these
visual
means
squarely
positionsthe
rays enter
and unstrained position,
and not sideways,
into the eye in its normal
of operating are soon
and both eyes work equally. These
methods
and
their
learned,
advantage quicklyperceived. Operators will do
of preservingtheir eyesightw hile still
well to think of the means
is a
before becoming slaves to spectacles. Their
usage
young,
the patient's
the practitioner,
because
of annoyance
to
source
breath clouds them, causing loss of time in removing and wiping.
A good magnifying-glassshould
always be at hand, to avoid
strainingthe sight looking at small objects,such as burr-heads,
the

chaii^

as

to

all available

the

is to

lighton

SELECTIONS

117

good for softening glare and

it begins
of betteringthe sightwhen
change of light. The nneans
best
but
the simplestand
rest and
freshing
reto fail are
are
numerous,
and
exercise
such
as
h)'giene
produce ; reading at
sleep,
tric,
Elecnight,indulgencein alcohol and tobacco must be given up.
be
all
too
with
and
to
powerful a glare are
petroleum,
lamps
avoided ; the old moderator
lamps are the best. Few organs of the
the eyes.
as
body are so sensitive to the diseases of the stomach
the
behind
Dimmed
and vacillating
vision,pain
eyeballs,
watering
of
stomach.
Rose or
almost
disordered
a
are
always symptoms
eyes
makes
excellent
chamomile
water
an
eyewash ; an infusion of
in good cognac
brandy is good for frictions around the
rosemary
As a rule,let us
not
turn
orbit, the brow, temples, and neck.
of
into
the
our
forefathers,
night
day, but, returningto
ways
go to
of spectaclesbefore
bed and rise early. They knew
the use
not
condiments.
old age, nor
did they need the various excitingmodern
in the Alps, the author
of numerous
In the course
excursions
has made
the changes going on in the
curious observations
on
some
the advent
of coffee,sugar, spices,
and
country at large. With
alcohol in the most
secluded
the
hitherto
valleys,
vigorous and
ing
healthy inhabitants have begun to loose their fine teeth and flowof
unknown
All sorts
hair.
infirmities,
before,have appeared
is quiteconvinced
these
The
author
mountaineers.
hardy
among
that this is due to alterations of the blood, brought about by exciting
foods
Let us leave hot things to hot lands,and cling to
for

Blue

instance.

what
but

health.

to be

use

the

soil into

thanks
work

loss

even

plants transferred from

They thrive,increase in

one.

die away.
Nervous
diseases and
droop
victims nowadays than formerlyin town
more
or
try,
counand
mental
excitement
and fast living. Let
to bodily

quietlyday by day,

future.

keenness,

and

beauty,then

follycount

with

richer

life,
vigor,and
prostration and

time

case

first effect

The

zones.

renewed

brings in

is also

natural

own

size and

of

Such

temperate

our

seems

their continued

their

us

in

nature

grows
of these stimulants
of

glasses are

Thus,

money
in
it
old
enjoying

will be
age

not

more

will be

peering too far ahead into the

slowlyacquired,but the faculty
preserved. On hygiene depends

the surety and supplenessof the hand, the clear vision of the eye,
these
and on
does the dentist himself rely. Delicacyof touch is
which can
be developed,but not acquired ; few possess it,and
a gift,
those

who
do should not imperilit by excess
be cultivated from infancyand maintained
exercises.
The abuse
which
soothe
to

attribute

be

can

to

that

their

operators againstbeing tempted

warn

wearied

kind.

nerves,

be encountered

for

before

no

It

can

through life by manual

unconsciouslylost by excesses.

of wines, spirits,
and tobacco
leads
and
doctors
dentists have
within

enough

cannot

to

This

of any

human

the habit

words

can

is broken.

of narcotics,

reach.
to

We

their

tell the

use

ings
suffer-

Unfortunately,

DOMINION

ii8

numbers

of medical

thou"i^h
they
in
a specialist
How

^reat

them

number

what

of

is

more

actions

and

ailments

not

are

lost to science

are

the

have

less hold

more

moderate

with

and
hydrotherapeutics,

you

humor, wherewith

to

and

good

the

of alcohol

use

faculties."

Total

If the

nence
absti-

thoughts
fati^'ue

reliable ;

are

hand

boon

depend

that of the

on

gymnastics, abundant

sport and

of

the

by

the total abstainer.

on

in manhood,

of

Force, of Zurich

is sufficient in time

amount

mental

supplenessof

All exercises

the words

arc

diseases,Dr.

simple temperance.
quick,they are all the more

so

strengthand

body.

patients. Here

moderate

weaken

dru^s themselves,

than
profitable

and

The

men

these

use

mental

is called

alter the tissues and

to

JOURNAL

men

to their

and

nervous

Even

dental

and

forbid

"

DENTAL

the

to

have

the

in

youth,

Combine

body.

of

secret

these
health

good
easilyand

perform daily work

pleasantly.
Half

hour

an
on

individual

to

body.

with

and

no

in the Canton
The

dentist the best

and

of

means

good

only know

w^e

one,

of

of all stimulants,as

undergo
down
run-

recoveringhealth
are
by

that of

"

Schoenbrunn,"
consists in the

alcohol,tea, coffee,
pepper,

spices,etc.

but
and legs,
only exercise his arms
has
he
that
who
It
fingersseparately. may happen
the habit of practising
gymnastics from infancy may
first ; the best plan is,then, to exercise for four or
in the beginning,gradually increasing the length of

dentist

must

his

not

wrists and
been

in

tired at
minutes

Frictions with
periodsup to one-quarter of an hour.
the
and
spirits
strengthen
keep up
supplenessof the
mention
that this old remedy is good for rheumatism.

to

be

is not
do

should

one

eat

supposed that
the

four

case.

hours'

fatigueand

nervous

of weakness

subjectof

some

feel
five
the
and

; not

to

the
Finally,
take

to

it is

importance,and

best what suits him, yet such

knows
every one
is necessarv^
fair meal after morning" exercise
to

work,

fulldinner,which

is

not

rosemary
arms

best way
the effects of a too sedentary life is
to counteract
all possible
exercise between
working hours.
What

establishments

the basis of the treatment

Zug, where

measured

is for

first-class establishment

part of the

To

unsystematic

Unfortunately,these

common,

avoidance

given every

movements.

in

overworked

condition.
means

morning to bedroom
nastics
gymsystem, adding cold or tepid baths according

rapid and

hydrotherapeuticcure
and

be

natures, or simply sponging the upper

exercises must
be done
slowly,and in

These

not

way,

should

the Swedish

and

makes

a
one

lightmid-day lunch is better than a

feel heavy and lazy. Owing to bodily

tension,the dentist
and

loss of energy

is at times

this is due

liable
to

to

sation
sen-

momentary

Here
Hygiene steps in and says.
nourishingsubstances.
and
in
the
other
motor
words, take some
light
Stop
replenish
; or,
food, whereupon the sinking sensation will disappear. A drop of
lack of

soup

about

ten

o'clock,a cup

of

tea

and

biscuit about

four,is all

SELECTIONS
that

is needed

revive

to

119

of

the

flaggingenergy
regularmeals will in

mind.

and

body

be injured
no
generalappetitefor
ways
is
several
this
which
in
national
custom
a
countries,chiefly
habit,
by
time.
in the North.
This
at any
one
plan helps to avoid excess
The

For

obliged to subjecttheir bodies to postures

play of the internal organs, frequent and
prevent
spare meals will help to facilitate easy digestion. Plenty of milk is
of calming nervous
excellent means
irritation.
an
is
in
the
chief
factor
and
dental well-being. Loss
Sleep
general
of sleepmeans
work.
loss of strength; no sleep,
no
By a hygienic
of life the act of sleepingbecomes
of
mode
licious
a source
pleasure,a declose to the day's work.
To obtain deep, calm sleep,
without
dreams
or
nightmare,total
those

who

men

which

the

abstinence,or,

at

and

tea

But
but

Less

be avoided

of mind

feelingof

of trustfulness

source

the domain

of moral

as

comes

is to be

the
not

confidence

in

stimulants,

night-hoursdraw on.
only from a hygieniclife,
future,and

the

where

this

If I here

all know.

found, you

intellectual

and

of alcoholic

use

but still powerful stimulants, such

noxious

coffee,must

contentment

from

limited

least,a very

be the rule

must
as

are

free

hygiene,it is because

enter

I have

convinced

functions.
The sentiment
myself of its power on the nervous
is
d
uties
religious
performed sincerely an elixir without
a
rival,and an efficient soporific.There is the secret of a contented
and happy life. As
meals
should
take place with regularity,
so
should sleepinghours be regular.
We
would
utter
a
warning-cry as to the necessityof timely
of

relaxation

by

from

continuous

duty, love of work

taking

or

the

toil,to all those

money,

and

who

are

carried

for years
on
the dentist

away
out
with-

takes
as
holiday. i\s soon
flaggingstrength,he is oversteppingthe
Each
hard.
has, according to
practitioner

necessary
to keep up his

stimulants

who

labor

limit and

working too
his strength,
limited number
of years before him.
a
Therefore, let
in
the
before it is too late
professionunderstand
starting
every one
that he must
make
less rapidly; for few vocahis positionmore
or
tions
and tear, as genuine and
entail so much
artistic
wear
fatigue,
Iniernational
Dental
dentistry.
Journal^Philadelphia.
"

On
A

paper

read

the

before

the Students'

By
Mr.

President
address

scientific papers

Management

George

Society,Dental

Hospitalof

London.

Northcroft.

Gentlemen,
a
expressed
hope
you
read in this society,
I
and

of Patients

"

augural
Although, sir,in your inthat you might hear really
fear

I shall have

to

leave

DOMINION

120

that

unfulfilled

hope

choose

to

that admirable
I

far

as

as

JOURNAL
concerned, for it was

am

subjectbefore

I had

fortune
mis-

my

pleasureof hearing

the

address.

althouL^hI

cannot

hope it will be of
technicality.

such

But
of

DENTAL

claim

that

my
value
practical

scientific,
strictly
provide for its lack
is

paper
as

to

sayingthat every student trained here

is fullyalive to the importance of doing absolutely
good work; no
in the end
be
successful
who
does not keep
to
man
can
expect
constantlybefore him the highest ideal of his profession
; for, as
in
Emerson
lies
Our own
safety
having loftyideals,and in
says,
Of

without

it goes

course

"

labor to

constant

their realization."

secure

"

You

replyto this,

may

of

ideals,but

in this sordid

works

We

has been

labor for the realization

to

want

not

cash."

I venture
to
think, if one
the capacityfor doing the best becomes
spirit,

atrophied,and eventuallyone
which

do

for hard

loses

one's

even

of pottage, for

mess

of rio;ht.
Where
would
have been any chance
of earning money
professionto-day,had it not been for those noble men,
former

days

I would

worshipped ideals and

not

patients

our

the standard

bartered

weary
in

are

but

you,

freely
gave
we

but

who

our

in

their lives for Science?

think,considering how

hands,

our

in

absolutely

consider

ought

to

the

best

well

our

our
them,
only
in the
students, whether
profession. It lies with us, who are now
next
generationdentistryranks equallywith medicine, as a profession
for gentlemen, or sinks to the level of a trade only to be
vinced
conpractisedby empirics and mountebanks.
Personally,I am
far high failure overleaps
"how
the bounds
of low successes,"
I hope however
I shall
and
great my
anxiety to make
money,
to myself as
never
a
forgetwhat I owe
gentleman and a micmber
of the dental profession.But I am
not here to-nightto
magnify
discuss
of
but
the
to
office,"
patients.
management
my
that, having
Generallyspeaking,it is just as well to remember
finished the "demonstration"
finished
have
also
we
working
stage,
blocks of ivory,and when
on
beings
upstairsare working on human
with tissues as sensitive,if sometimes
not quiteso clean,as our
own.
lose sightof this when
If we
with
dealing
hospitalpatients,^ve

not
responsibility,

to

to

traditions

of

"

"

shall find the Nemesis

A

home

come

hospitalpatienthas

when

we

choice

no

selves.
practice for ourand
bear
to grin
it,
to
opened
eagerly

start

but

doors
private patient finds a hundred
receive him, as SaireyGamp said, with love and tenderness."

but

"

But
can

be

natural
veneer

do not

put

and

on

attribute
laid

on

the fatal mistake

make
of

for the

off
a

occasion

as

in

man

sake

awkwardness
nervousness,
It is of infinite value to

of
and
a

our

that

like
gentleness,
requires. It should
it
; when
profession

fee,the inevitable
bad

be
is

result must

coat,
the

only
be

work.

dentist to have

quick perceptionsand

SELECTIONS
nature, for

insightinto human
beings,but individuals, and
a

keen

deal with

each
To

case.

preserve

must

one

well-bred
a

121

patientsare
in

see
ease

of

not

flash the best way

stages of the

to

is

suring.
always reasduring
preliminary
tone
to the proceedingsthat
manner

the

silence

solemn

only human

operationgives a funereal
forces the patient's
heart into his boots.
On the other hand to keep up a jaunty and familiar chatter to
a comparative stranger
inspirehim with a disgust that will
may
in
remain
allow
him
his chair. It is most
to
unseemly to be
barely
continuallytalkingwhile our patientsare in pain, and nothing is
suffer and
littleinclined to
and makes
a patientso
so
aggravating,
be strong,"
tating
as
an
keeps up a ceaseless flow of irrioperator who
commonplaces, and asks questions,
any reply to which the
rubber effectually
prevents.
of taste
tends
a difference
to alienate friendship
so
as
Nothing
in jokes ;
self
and it is possiblethat a dentist,while imagining himbe
in
witty,may
particularly
agreeableor particularly
sowing
the patient's
mind
seeds of fatal distrust in his conscientiousness
"

"

"

skill.

and

Cases
in

easilyrecalled

where

of the

men

highest position

their grasp of professional

technique,have made
savoir
from
of
unfortunate
failures
want
faire. The

ranks, from

our

the

be

may

most

unhappily inferior
immense
operators, conduct
practisesand make
larg*^fortunes
their
of
human
accurate
nature.
knowledge
simply by tradingon
The
that
element
best way
to
secure
a
patient'sconfidence,
Let him
is to be perfectlynatural.
to success,
see
indispensable
of this is also

converse

that you

know

give verbal

what

you

be

to

; men,

about, but do

are

information

with

met

that

think

it necessary
If he believes in you it
not

point
only make him more
suspicious.
and
operationsimply
clearlyas far as
think it wise to do so, for fear is more
often caused by the
you
severityof the operationthan by actual physicalpain ;
anticipated
in their dentist often suffer more
and patientswho have confidence
in the reception
than in the chair.
room
Garrick
A
fellow
wondrous
said,
us
kind," and
feelingmakes
if dentists were
little
often
on
a
more
themselves,
operated
they
would
with the patientsunder
their care.
sympathize much more
Often
a
timely word of sympathy will enable a patientto endure
from the operator of knowledge of pain
bravely,and an assurance
given, or a warning of pain to come, will help him to overcome
to

on

is unnecessary,
if he does not
the
character
of the
Explain

it will

''

difficulties that would

In

these

be otherwise

days of antiseptic
surgery

great subjectof cleanliness,but we

is very quick to detect and
make
blemish
far

insurmountable.

in this respect.

forgetourselves

or

our

am

must

sure,

little need

mental
not

to

we

said

that the
of the

note

however,

professionas

be

remember

should

have

on

the

patient

slightest
never

so

spotlesshands

DOiVIINIOX

122

and

instruments, and

mechanical
them

work

word

round

about

that

occasion

I know

but

the

dress

allysupposed
"

only plea

is that it ruins

feel harsh

the

1)K\'IA1"

doing his

dentist not

hands,

own

makes

and

patient'smouth.
be

not

may

of

for

the look of his

s
geiitlanan

JfJURNAL

dress

members

some

place here. It is gener

is always suitable to the
of our
professionwho, by

of

out

in the

mornin^^ arrayed in evenin^^ dress have evoked

the surprisedpatient the cjucry, "Am
1 addressingMr.
?"

appearing
from

doubting whether
intruded

he had

entered

conjuror about

dentist's

consultingrooms

or

who, by
give
;
of the
in the mind
create
shootingjackets,
he
fallen
into
of an
that
has
the
hands
an
patient uneasy suspicion
artist or a cockney sportsman, instead of into those of a
amateur
whose
chief devotion
is to his profession.
man
I have heard
who in the surgery
of men
wear
heavy boots with
mud
of the stable,
the odours
upon them, who bring in with them
the smoking room
the
and
cuffs
collars are
whose
or
bar, and
But we
for their laundress.
certainlyno advertisement
hope that
such occurrences
rather the exceptionthan the rule,and that
are
a

upon

wearing lounge coats

the

stance

or

or

of them

recounter

to

obtained,as

said of Mr.

Sheridan

Dundas,.

"his facts from

imagination."
Ever
it is
the influence of one's surroundings,
bearing in mind
avoid
instruments
and
various
to
our
so
important
displaying
very
appliances as to suggest either a chemist's shop or a torture
chamber.
We
should endeavor
roundings
surto keep the atmosphere and
free from
of
the
the
sufferings
previous
suggesting
patient,avoidingas far as possiblethe use of strong smellingdrugs^
and removing from sightall soiled napkins and rubber.
I think it
wise to placeour
the operating chair,and
cabinets sHghtly behind
abstain

to

times

from

the

of m.irrors in front of the

use

patients. It

is at

patientsto observe our actions,which

very undesirable for our
be closelyfollowed
by the untimely reflection of a piece ot

may

glass.
make

If medicine

it

bottles

rule to

turn

are

used

from

label away

the

the

on

patient. I have
sight of a bottle

"

beyond smoothing
One

off

G. P.

have

rooms

wonderfullysoothing effect

Neither should the

patientsof all temperaments.
when
I
for
have
heard
luxuriouslyfurnished,
patients,
such houses, say that they knew
the fees they pay

shabby

or

thought

filling.

on

too

no

be

to

careful in

too

waiting room
harmoniously decorated

go

about

practiseto have one's surgery and

of quietlyand
suitablyfurnished,the appearance

be

cannot

ratio to the

to

the

at
the
nervous
patient actuallygrow
ask if she were
Chloroform," and fearingly
the unobservant
anaesthetized,when
operator had
seen

labelled

it is well

bracket

eleganceof
far
show

the

to
an

the
other

absence

appointments.
extreme,

of

and

One

too

speaking
are

should

let the

be

rooms

rooms

for then the fact

finish,

of

in

direct

not.

ever
how-

become
is borne

in

SELECTIONS
mind
patient's

the

on

the

that

business,and lacks patronage

Having
observed

and

age

Children

of

few

of

generalconduct

perhaps of
future

the

in

all the

from

the

that
suppose
be borne.

to

good

dental

be

to

are

words

some
practise,

of differing

sex.
are

derived

bad. that

and

appliedto individuals

the management

on

doing

important qualifications

the

good
a

be

cannot

of skill.

for want

patientsto

deal

ignoranceof the benefits to

sufferingsof the present, lead

and
the

pain

And

grievous to

difficult

most

their fear of the unknown

with, as
them

dentist

surroundings,both

in the

be added

may

be

considered

now

defects,the

and

125

inflicted is

an

unnecessary
and
argument

trial

are
explanation
beyond their mental range, it is only by firmness and great tact
that the operator can
make
them
submit
to the sufferings
they so
embittered
the
life
such
horrors
resent.
as
a
by
By raising
bogies
of dyspepsia,or the unhappiness resultant from a consciousness
of
be
increase
the
made
an
(which as years
unsightlyirregularity
may
is
in
of
the
it
to influence
some
cases
subject ridicule),
possible

Promises
young.
for
being good
"

an

of rides in the chair

"

may

or

present of

the desired effect

have

sweetmeats

children

on

of

more

sordid

temperament.
Cases, however, there

which

with

are

The

method

make

him

par

trust

excellence is

you.

to

have

You

the

gain

doubtless

admired, the unswerving faith that Porthos

Have

you

not

ignoranttrust
man
calculating
But
us

while

beware

alike

resented
as

child's

last

resort.

and
affection,

read, and

possessedin

with

me

his friends.

that its great attractiveness is that it is the

child rather than the discerningconfidence
of a

observed
of

make

we

use

to abuse

never

of his faith in human

than

of the most

only sternness

type will avail anything,but this course,

b\' mothers
inadvisable except
and children,is most

autocratic

of this trust. for the child's own

it,for he who robs a child of
commits

nature

crime

more

good, let
one

atom

reprehensible

the law.

severely punished by
should
remember
that to
dealing with male patients we
is
"time
however
much
it is to
as
wealthy,
money" just as
many,
attention
much
be given to the importance of
too
cannot
us, and
punctualityif we desire to become successful practitioners.
which we
The
ten
minutes
let slipat the comor
so
mencement
carelessly
of the day is never
regained,but rather,like a snowball,,
in
the
hours
size
as
gains
pass by.
be
formed
ness,
watchfulinto a habit by constant
Punctualityma}and by exercisingit on
our
hospitalpatientswe may lay the
many

In

foundation
Nor

should

as

to take

If

man

of

an

attribute which

we

become

little more
endeavor

than
to

converse

so
a

in after life will

prove
in our

invaluable.

entirelyabsorbed
profession
in
the
interest
outside world.
passing
not
on
a subjecthe does
understand,.

DOMINION

i24

I)F:NTAL

JOURNAL

to
only reply in infjnosyllablcs
subjectsintroduced by his
he not only suffers himself from that unpleasantsensation
patient,
of inferiority,
but forces his patientto regret having spoken.
}^y endeavoring to accjuirea fund of general information,these

or

can

mutual

contrctevipswill be avoided, and

hands

be

may

valued,

the

while

of

workings

the

works

of

may

not

minds

our

our

be

despised.
less sensitive to gentle treatment
The
are
suppositionthat men
than women
is entirely
fessor
a
delusion,as is ably pointed out b}'ProLombroso
the
for
Review
this
who,
(in
For7iigJitly
month;,
with
content
not
to
claiming for them
equal sensibility
pain,
declares that he has proved by experiment that their sufferings
under

dentist's hands

the

is told

far

arc

of

intense.

more

American

in answer
who
the
to
an
good story
the
of
"Am
I
much
dentist,
pain?"
sympatheticenquiry
givingyou
replied, I can stand the pain in my teeth, if you will kindly take
the corner
of your cuff out of my left eye."
It may
have
been
the same
operator who, vrhen burnishing a
the
was
gold filling
surprisedto see large tears coursing down
cheeks of his small patient; on seekingan explanationof the woe
which
harassed
the youthful soul, he discovered
that he was
so
with the hand-piece pressing tightly the boy's lipsagainst his
himself the engine to what Sam
\"\'e]lercalled "the
teeth, and was
''

fellar's waterworks."
In the

has

termed

that I cannot
a few of the
It is with

"eternal

of the

management

there is

the fair sex,

attempt

to treat

so

enigma," as

much

of the

both

to do

writer

recent

and

avoid,

to

But

subjectfully to-night.

importantpointsit may be beneficial to touch

of manner
this class of patients that a cultivated ease

most

on.

sympatheticbearingweigh so much ; it is they who recommend

lor his good chair-side
manner
judge of
; it is they who
who does it.
the work done by the bearingof the man
To
she enters
the
be able to reassure
as
soon
a lady patient as
is a great step gained,and a dentist who
realizes this soon
room
of his knowledge.
reaps the reward
One of the greatest difficulties a dentist must
study to overcome
is so to hold his left arm
head as not
range
disarround the patient's
to
her hair.
It is a thing to which, for obvious
a lady
reasons,
incidents
a
nd
such
awkward
the
as
following
strongh/objects,
in
his own
which
the relator informed
me
actuallyhappened
and
a

dentist

"

practise may occur.

His patient,a dignifiedaristocrat,happened
"

visit to
round

be
her

false

wearing

head

had

he

the

plait,and
misfortune

appendage. The chagrin of both dentist

He never
saw
imagined than described.
In the use
of perfume in the surgery

the

in

to

and
her

and

at the

of

movement

detach

on

arm

this artificial
be better

patientmay
face

of her

time

again.
one's

hands

care

SELECTIONS

125

be taken, not only in the selection of the scent, but in the

All ladies do not equallyappreciateperfumes ; to
quantityused.
shoLiM

of scent

the odour

some

is

than
scarcelyless objectionable

that

of

drugs.
a

who

those

For

little face

such

use

powder ready

things,it will be found

The

hand.

to

rubber

.usefulto keep
often leaves

an

of the mouth, and the thoughtful

unsightlyredness about the corners
is
comforts
dentist who providessuch small
justlypopular.
face.
done
It generally
Much
be
the
patient's
by watching"
ma}'
betraysthe clearest indication of pain received,and by studying it
we

how

ascertain

may

far it is safe

from

the

rule should

be

to

without

go

evoking

patient.
Never
surprise them.
zealouslyobserved.
received
without
Sudden
pain
previous intimation, is by some
and frequentlyattributed
treated almost as an insult,
to the ignorance

remonstrance

One

or

of the dentist.

carelessness

operations that

In

expensive,a
ladies to
be deemed
And

littleappeal to

bear

by

tedious, painful and

likelyto prove
the patient's
vanity will enable many

great deal that would

them

for

now

are

without

such

suggestion

needless.
few

words

those

on

patientswhom
to
inclining

the

young

dreads
those who
the sere
most
and
are
practitioner
look
The
old
liable
down
leaf.
the
fresh
to
are
on
yellow
graduate
Vv'ho
know
does
his
business
not
as
an
intruder,
inexperienced
; to
his
underrate
inclination.
and distrust his progressive
ability,
and
him
with
with
recollections
advice;
They annoy
suggestions
of what dentistry
used to, be in the dear old past,as well as sermons
it
what
should
be to-day. There
of dealingwith
two
on
are
ways
such persons
divert their thoughtsby talkingof subjectsforeign
allow tJieui to do all the talking.Let them imagine
to dentistry,
or
that you
are
swayed by their opinion,if necessary even affect to
submit
receive
opinion to theirs,but while in appearance
your
you
advice, in realityfollow your own
opinion of what is right,never
let your
be
judgment
warped by anything the patientmight say,
for only by so doing can
the best work be accomplished. The end
will justify
the satisfaction of all parties
the means;
will be realized.
"

"

Who

knows

what

strong recommendation

the

of
propitiation
of
those
more
praises

highly

old

favored

maid, w^hilst the easy

by capriciousNature

may

unnoticed?

pass

It must
and

cantankerous

one

result from

not

may

while

and

"

put

ever

we
our

be the

trust

importantconclusion
Gentlemen, my
thank

you

for

fingerpost
by

dentist's aim

remember

to

in

all

things to

all

sage
us

men,"
advice,

forget the

our
"rt:;^"3^keep
powder dry."

paper

draws

to

close,and

so
listening
patientlyto

the way

"be

first part of Cromwell's

Providence," do not let

the

to

some,

even

what

my

I trust

if it proves

pleasureis
will
bone

serve

as

of conten-

to
a

126

DOMINION

tion to others.
such a
covers

In sclf-dcfciicc I must
wide

point,and

every

and

JOURNAL
claim

it has

ffjr my

pajjcr that
impossibleto touch

been

that between

only hope
there may

be

ample
Record^ London, Eng.

Dental

"

that

area

can

commission

discussion.

DENTAL

the

scope

on

of omission

errors

for

it

interesting

an

Editorial.
Dental
Secretaries

Societies.

of societies in Canada

early notice
followingso far :

of

meetings

to

will
be

greatlyobligeus by

held.

We

have

ing
send-

received

the

"

1.

Eastern

Hotel

at

Ontario

dentists

through

the Thousand

of

and

Brace

have

; there

Clinics

tendered

the

13th annual

convention

and

p.m.

with

them.

will

be

The

are

mayor

address

by
applied to

an

Aluminum

on

visitors

members

Isles,and

daughters

welcome

Ottawa

Association.

Frontenac, Kingston, June 29

resident

wives

Dental

30,

complimentary sail
asked
to bring their
will give an address

Dr.

C. A

on

Martin, of

Dentistry, by Dr.
furnace in staining
and

advantages of Dr. Beacock's

gilding teeth, porcelain,etc., by Dr. Stackhouse
;
Oxide, by Dr. Steele,and no less than eleven papers
all railwaysfrom June
rates
on
.subjects. Reduced
;

The

the

on

Nitrous

on

different

29 to

July 4

inclusive.
2.

Ontario

Dental

3. AmeiHcan
held

at

August

Society.

Dental

Niagara Falls, N.Y., commencing

Jm'ispriidence.A

F. Rehfuss,

10

will be

Tuesday,

a.m.,

D.D.S.

Reviews.

lawyers,by Wm.
Wilmington Dental
by
Filbert
St., Philadelphia,1892.

treatise for dentists and

the

Published

Manufacturing Co., 141 3

$2.50,sheep $3.50. 468

Cloth

pages.

gloriousuncertaintyof the
at lawyers as
John Burton to swear
said
Paul
to
all,as
Timothy, the
"

at

session

2.

'

De7ital

32nd annual

Association.

The

"

law
"

"

may

gowned
law

is

have

impelled old
"

vultures

good

if

;
a

man

but after
use

it

FROM

ABSTRACTS
"

THE

JOURNALS

127

posed
unfortunately,the dental profession has its exof litigation
of an unpleafeatures,involvingthe possibility
sant,
if not of a serious,character, which
ought to bring such a

lawfully;

work

as

and

the

above

within

the

lines of dental

education.

The

directions,
jurisprudenceof dentistryhas its applicationsin many
in
his contribution to
can
Amerias
was
pointed out by Dr. Garrison
doubtful
if
than
is
few
of
it
a
more
Dentistry,"
System
yet
their responsibilities
to the law,
clearlyunderstand
practitioners
is
well as their rights.The subject reallya most
as
important one,
"

and

Dr.

Rchfuss

has

of which
dentistr}',
The

contents

created

for

us

can
practitioner

no

of the work

include

new

branch

in

well afford to be

the various

technical

forensic

ignorant.

liabilitiesas

specially
inquiresinto the legalprotection
of skill
D.D.S.; malpractice; standard
localities ; specialists,
and
varies according to the circumstances
and deaths due to anaesthesia,
infection
damages, poisoning,injuries
witnesses and experts, and
afforded by the degree of

of diseases
book

from

unclean

instruments, rape
The

under

ana:.'sthesia,
fees,

contains

a
appendix
history of
of dentistry
dental legislation,
and the statutes relating
to thepractice
in
countries.
different
of our
Undoubtedly, the curriculum
will
contain
Dental
a
course
on
now
colleges
Jurisprudence. We
the work highly to every practising
commend
dentist.
Doctorate
Address, delivered by Prof. C. N. Johnson, to the
class
of '92,Chicago College of Dental
Surgery, March
graduating
An
in which
Dr.
22.
Johnson scarifies
interestingaddress
certain
class of dentists
the increasinglove of notorietyamong
a
watchword
whose
is, anything to advertise," and who descend to
the meanest
The address
depths to accomplish their "ambitions."
is full of brotherly cheer and
for
who
aim
men
encouragement
and act honourably.
Preservation
A letter
of the Teeth,by J. R. Irish,Trenton, Ont
the
useless
of
teeth.
extraction
against
half cylinderand loop filling.
1. Non-cohesive
of
Articulation
the teeth.
2.
By Isaac B. Davenport, M.D.,
is a reprintfrom the Cosmos,
P"ance.
The
former
D.D.S., Paris,
the latter from the International
Dental J ourjial ; both
ly
extremeinteresting.

accounts,

etc., etc.

"

Abstracts

From

Painless

The

Journals.

Extraction.

If you wish to remove

tooth and
deciduous
a
through fear the
will not permit it, slip a piece of rubber
tubing over the
down
of the tooth,and in a few days the tooth
crown
to the neck
child

DOMINION

128

will be

loose that

so

the

DKNTAI.

be

it can

extracted

authority of

given

upon

worth

IryiiiL;.

Dr.

Dry Steam
Dr.

ordinaryvulcanizer

an

sheet

he

zinc

flask and

water.

results

fingers. This is
Kamcs, and is certainly-

\l.

Vulcanizers.

one-fourth

of

This

inch smaller

an

he

placesbottom side up in
By placingthe flask on top of
be obtained

from

as

in diameter
holes

with
perforates

and

can

tiie

simple plan for converting

vulcanizer.
PVom
a dry steam
heavy
dish
about
the
basin-shaped
depth of the

inside of the boiler.

of steam

with

into

makes

about

W.

the Items, suggests

in

Steele,

JOURNAL

the

use

than

the boiler with

very
the dish,he claims as
of many

the

for the escape

of the

little

good

high priced

vulcanizers.

A
The

OJiio

New
Dental

Journal of

of
description

anaesthetic

new

inventor

Prof

being
in Halle,
Polyclinic
that

circumstance
volatile and

no

Science
"

chose

who

it contains

easilycombustible.
than

more

6d.

the

operationssuch
accompanied nor

extraction

the

followed

name

five carbon

by

any

Reading

it is

in

of

following
Germany, its

the

deep

sets

It

atoms.

said,be
in

to

to

the

is very

administered
time

after three

but suffices

of teeth

Medical

Pental,"owing

quantity requiredeach

Anaesthesia

It is not

produced

Director
"

It can,

minutes, rarely later.

as

the

the

contains

It is

Mering,

von

exactlylike chloroform,and
cost

Anaesthetic.

render

painless. It
unpleasanteffects.

or

need
four
small

is neither

Journals.

of the articles
journalsbecause some
are
thought presented in journalsis
and that which
dual
simply placed on trial,
judgment or the indivimy
be
to
judgment of the editor might condemn
may
prove
of
been
in
valuable.
the
better
have
Hterature
demned
conMany
things
at first reading by learned
critics,and have afterwards
been recognized by the world as models
of thought and expression.
Neither should we
the
of
a
journalbecause a number
reading
drop
fails to interest us.
The next
number
contain a single
two
or
may
besides comarticle that will be worth a dozen
pensation
years'subscription,
who
fails
to
for much
uninterestingreading. Anyone
read the journalswill be behind, not
only in his thought,but also
in his practice."Dr. Black in Dental
Review.
"

We

should

not

of littlevalue.

"

condemn
Much

of the

DOMINION

JOURNAL

DENTAL
Vol.

IV.

TORONTO,

Plea

for

Read

the

before

to

Committee
for

me

myself,
would

natural

their behalf
done
to

be

said

what
one

extent,
two,

or

from
us

in

think

at

am

perhaps

meaning
the

who

of

will
or

generally accepted
do

not

exactly

are

grasp

be

the

idea.
the

particularlythe symbolic

more

So

That

it

There

never

they

in

have

we

phrase
of

combinations

the

to

few,

need
In

all

interpretation
different

is very

have

of

who

believe.

not

may

meaning

be

may

whose

some,
a

exists,and

in Ontario

I do

of

sense

It

for

disposition to

for.

surgeons

found

title.
a

exists,why

many

subject

necessity for something

determine.

to

there

word

it

subject

special pleading

any

called
is

there

of dental

score

That

or

Where

loss

existed

that

above
a

the

been

there

taste

the

choose

to

me

extent

that

subject.

professionsthere

learned
of the

good

to

reconstructing.

that

me

be

the

on

to

Teeth,

Ont.

assigned

have

not

the

me

have

asked

they

teeth, to

would

leads

so

Had

occurred

5.

Society,Toronto, July, 1892.

Programme

on

Natural

the

L.D.S., Toronto,

certainly would

this

of

Dental

Pearson,

paper.

have

remove

Ontario

W.

By

The

Preservation

the

No.

Communications.

Original
A

1892.

SEPTEMBER,

those
word

among

dentistry,

L.D.S., D.D.S.,

or

M.D.S.
That

there
9

should

at

the

present

day

appear

to

be

necessity,

DOMINION

I30

that there should

JOURNAL

idea of the

necessityfor a plea for the

preservationof natural teeth at this stage of professionalprogress,
is to abandon
the whole status and retrogradeforty years or more,
the profession,
to disband
it were, to throw the fat into the fire
as
and call ourselves failures,
and we
other honest
ought to seek some
callingin which spheresof usefulness may open up to us, in pursuit
of which
endeavors
be looked
for.
a justappreciationof our
may
Is not

the

exist

DENTAL

and

sum

an

substance, the life and

vigor,the brains,the

whole

ment
and embodia concentration
physicalbeing of the profession,
of the principle
of the preservation
of the natural teeth ? To
of the fundamental
principles.
say anything else is a giving away
I apprehend that thirtyyears ago there did exist a state which,
viewed
was
a deplorby the lightof the present scholastic training,
able
of slaughteredinnocents,
by the blood of thousands
era, marked
the age of slaughter: in which
and might be termed
time
the
made
of broken-down
tradesmen
and
professionwas
up
mechanics, bounty jumpers and
refugees from foreign parts,
farmers
and
furriers,
plumbers and tinkers,who, for a monetary
consideration

six

and

months'

loose

turned

service,were

on

the

community, and permitted to pursue their course

according to the
in them, and
lightthat was
everything was
good grist for their
mill.
this state
of
Happily, law and order has prevailed over
things,and the professionand people are protected.
If I were
do now
that then prevailed
exist
to say that the practices
in remote
be a-begging
districts to any great extent, would
even
the question. I do not believe so.
led to believe by the
Yet I am
that there does
action of the committee
in the choice of this subject,
in Ontario
exist somewhere
at the present day and generation,
one
of those fossils,
or
more
or
perhaps pupilsof the extinct race, who
believe that their mission is to mutilate humanity from
mercenary
motives.
much

too

expect to teach them any better,that would be

ventions
expect of them, for as a rule they do not attend con-

I do
to

since
to

stay

not

they

know

at home

be able to do better.
will
to

die and

soon

take

their

Where

places,or

do

make

it all
and

The
room

places.
these people

in the

towns

and

It is far easier

now.

feel

rightthan

only hope

to

have

we

cities ?

Do
or

we

why

of them

find
do

their

learn better and

for civilized and

exist?

on

science
con-

not

is that

they
enlightenedbeings
them

they

in

exist ?

country
There

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL
be

must

for them,

demand

some

or

131

thev

do

the

create

demand

graduate in dentistryis by virtue of his

of
of his interpretation
To
the extent
quahficationan educator.
be responsible
the technical teachingsof his collegedays, he must
be reflected in time by
for his acts and manipulations,
which
must
the community either to his credit or damage.
If by a careful consideration
of a certain case
a
clusion
consatisfactory
of skill and durability
is arrived at, and a monument
is the
the community to his advantage.
to educate
result,he has commenced
he expect to find his
So according to his leading may
find an
isolated community given to
and if we
patrons following,
I hold

false

the idea that every

teeth,the chances

largecommunities
rich and

rural districts and

the

find all

we

poor, the

the

professionto
One

that the dentist

are

the

educated

them.

than

in

the

idea

rubber
of

conditions
the

these

They

worker.

In

humanity, the

ignorant,those

from

the

call for different classes of

differ in tastes

that false teeth

and

nations.
incli-

perfectionof
another has a longing for lots of gold to show.
life,
Many let their
teeth decay because
all through.
it is cheaper to do so, and
on
so
There
here in discriminating
is a difficulty
and yet
conscientiously,
In rural districts,
there ought not to be.
perhaps to a greater
extent

has

and

city-bred;

deal with

and

sorts

is

the dentist
cities,

may

are

the

reflect his ideas

more

upon

his patrons, for if he is the

he may
be firm and
only representative
nation
decisive,argumentative and convincingin justthe degree his inclileads him.
of argument,

and

If he is
I

am

artist in

an

afraid

rubber, false teeth is his line

that

frequentlythis result is from

sometimes, perhaps,from the financial

and
or
indifference,
inability
of the
standpointof the patient,and not from a correct measure
I apprehend that there is a tendency all over
state of the teeth.
the old method
of sacrificing
the country for improvement on
of the effect of the superioreducanatural teeth,both on
tion
account
the higher attainand
ments
at our
at present obtainable
colleges,
in matriculants,and the good taste and ability
to indulge it
and
farmers
by the prosperous
artisans,making up the various

communities, and aside from individual cases

there is a decided
little,
change for the better
natural

means

in the

way

prove

very

of

saving

teeth.

It does
.and

which

not

of

come

within

the

province of this paper

to discuss

of doing
saving teeth,or of the advisability

so

ways
under

DOMINION

132

DENTAL

JOURNAL

These
exceptionalcircumstances.
points are
of the conscientious
judgment and intelligence

left to

What

the

the writer expects to do

personalstandpoint,and
lead up

to

is

spent

Genesis

Let
be

be

to

ways

pursued
ask

me

in

you

will have

of

answer

an

criticism,and

be

to

means

let each

and

ject
sub-

could

one

be

from

over

adopted

I know

sort.

some

gone

thus

The

week

of the curriculum
of

decide.

subjectfrom

whole

superior

to

points involved.

saving teeth.
a
question here,

prepared to give me

of you

range

Revelation,in consideration

to

and

important,that

the whole

it,and

on

of the many

big,so

wide, so

so

operator

introduce

invite discussion

consideration

is to

the

of
each

and

you
one

perhaps a different one,

according to his personal practice,subject to local and personal
in using the
The questionis.When
I justified
am
qualification.
forceps? Is it in the case of the temporary teeth ? No, decidedly
an

answer,

each

and

one

cates
circumstances,until the age of the child indithat the time for action has arrived,and which
mind
is
to my
under

not

; not

not

until the

More

tooth

new

is

be done

ready

to

take

the

place of

the

old

one.

at this age

by premature removal than by

and filling
delaying too long. Judicious treatment
(ifpossible)is
and
a
always to be resorted to. Have a mind of your own
policy
and carry it out, and take the responsibility
to pursue
on
your own
shoulders
without
childish
whims.
In
regard to parental or
removing these teeth I have fallen into the habit of operating
chieflywith my fingersor by an incidental applicationof a probe
or

harm

any

may

excavator,
to

and

wait

very

seldom

until such

indeed

times

as

resort

they

are

to

forceps,rather
not

ferring
pre-

and
necessity,

tooth to appear
preferleavingroots until the full time for the new
of the sixth )ear
in a few days after operating. Is it in the case
molars that I am
to do evil that
to begin my
maltreatingpractices,
of it ?
That
is my
good may come
opinion in a generalway of
make
To
a
quotation for the
removing sixth year molars.
it is
To be or not to be, that is the question. Whether
occasion :
and present
better to suffer the stingsand pains of outraged nature
know
and flyto the evils that we
not
troubles,or to take up arms
of."
No dentist is able to determine
what is going to be the result
of premature extraction of a sixth year molar upon the undeveloped
foresee.
than he can
maxillary. The facial derangement is more
in
After years of careful observation
and
cases
study of many
"

ORIGINAL
and

regulatingby myself
sacrificed

where

and

extraction
make

teeth

stronglyconvinced

am

that

have

been

there

is

an

sacrifice of

unnecessary

it the rule.

No

question.
consideration

no

these

good teeth here.

that once
in a while a case
is presentedwhere
to admit
is advisable,but this is the exception,while too many

It is the shortest
the

133

others, where

not, I

wholly

injudiciousand
I shall have

COMMUNICATIONS

of

the

of

out

way

future

the

ot

account

the
difficulty,

easiest way
of lost

years

to

settle

usefulness,

of facial

of a contraction
expression,of the possibility
maxillary^or of a deviation from the plane of the

grindingsurface of the future arrivals enters into the consideration.

It is simply expedient to extract
and
that ends
it for the time
being. No ghosts of the slaughteredinnocents are likelyto arise to
trouble

the

conscience

or

rob

of innocent

us

standing
Notwith-

repose.

all this the

Conceived
in ignorance
principleis wrong.
born in iniquity,
and
it is practisedtoo much
and ought to be discontinued
Nature
never
object for man's
provided a more
fitting
good, at a more
opportune time, in a better place,than this same
I, the learned and intelligent
tooth, and am
fellow-beingwho, by
choice
is referred to by reason
of my
in a scientific specialty,
when
I say I can
do nothing
standing and experience,justified
but extract?
when
it justifyme
I say,
I think
Or does
not.
I might save
Oh, yes, I might perhaps do something for you.
lose it. You
for a few years, but ultimatelyyou
the tooth
may
"

had

better lose it

looks
a

like

sixth

year

and

are

enable

to

Use

your

remuneration

its

on

and

longer as

preferto

for

events

place to

won't

you

skill and

few

carry

which
vitallyessential,

so

me

take

later
me,

molar, at all

much

so

and

to
prostitution

another

they

now

miss

the semblance

save

years, until

nature

the great work

on

all very

you

well

advanced

modern

This

it much."

of
vides
pro-

for which

understand,

dentistrymay

to.

skill and
or

resources

desire of the

say that it is ulcerated

or

the

on

these

patient.
nerve

is

teeth without

It does

dead,

or

not

that

excuse

the

regard
you

to
to

patientis

ignorant,or unappreciative.Save the tooth and put it

down
of sins otherwise
which
multitude
to charity,
a
cover
may
laid up againstyou.
of extractingare
As
far as individual cases
concerned, as they are
presented to the dentist for relief from
question.
present pain,and where the denture is not the immediate

poor,

or

DOMINION

134

apprehend
such

when
of

case

make

do

operators
save

that there

less involved
salvation.

in

In

scarcely be

point

ones

doubt

the

as

light of

excused

in

extraction,except in

difference

no

of the

good

JOURNAL
of

opinion,that all modern

to
generally successfully,

attempt, and

The

few

few

is

an

case.
a

DENTAL

teeth

debate
in

are

and

need

hesitation
of

is generally

treatment,

or

remaining, and the others more

the advisability
of attempting
to
we
present progressivedentistry,
if

action

our

cases

of

of

badly

we

wasted

recommend

resort

I hold

roots.

in
or

their
can

to

strong

prejudice against removing even

roots, preferringto fill
them
where
be crowned, and protectingthe soft tissue
they cannot
and upholding the alveolus as long as possible. A sound
root may
be serviceable
for years, especially
after treatment
and filling
so
or
capping.
Looking at the aesthetic effects of removing teeth and restoring
I presume
that many
will consider me
by the factory-made article,
wild when
I make
the assertion,that it is a physical impossibility
to restore
or
reproduce the natural expression to a face when once
sound

the

roots

and

of the

teeth

challenge the

cannot

The

are

removed.

artist in

Yet, I make

dentistryto get

up

the
and

statement,
say

so.

It

be done.
canine

eminence

cannot

be

prolonged on the
with
interfering

outside

of the

the free action

maxillarysufficiently
high,without
of the lips. As
the six anterior teeth are
and
motion
soon
as
removed, there begins a change in the body of the jaw as well as
the alveoli,
to be
too high up for any outside artificial contrivances
placed for the comfort of the patient.
be possible that this is the reason
It may
why our English
brethren
do not, as a rule,remove
the roots
the
in substituting
teeth ; and, if so, I commend
them
for their good taste,
natural
from
artistic point of view, while from a sanitary or economic
an
point,perhaps there is not so much to be said in its favor.
My faith in the dentist of the present and of the near future is
unbounded, as to their action in regard to saving teeth. Everything
is in that direction, their
is promising, their inclination
education
is directed in that way, public taste is being directed
them
in that way, humanity calls upon
to do so, progressive
more
the forceps will
ideas must
the time is coming when
and
prevail,
be a quarterlyor semi-annual
issue,instead of a daily. This will

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

135

and
applicationof ways
brought about by honest, intelh'gent
Honest
endeavor
the teeth.
of treatingand
means
preserving
individual
and
enterprisewill help the public to see the follyof
dentists will help to make
making needless sacrifice. Honest
honest and intelligent
patrons.
and if honest
will
the best of service,
demand
Intelligent
patrons
and
the profession,
to themselves
they will not be rummaging
advertise eightdollar
the newspapers
to find the Cheap Johns who
teeth (and gas free until the first of the month). Unfortunately
for both the publicand the profession,
of dentistryof the
the curse
present day is this demoralizingsystem of advertisingcheap work.
be

If I

were

to be

told that

party had

administered,on

an

average,

two
or
day, for a whole twelve months
years, I
conscienceless
should
a
unhesitatinglysay that that party was
but prostituting
not practisingdentistry
at all,
a
humbug, and was
noble
callingfor filthylucre. No doubt would exist in my mind
tuted
of good teeth must
that hundreds
have been removed
to be substiby china store teeth.
This difficulty
is difficult to regulateand
can
only be done by a
firm determination
the part of each and every new
graduate
upon
adhere
of professional
and
to
to live up to the standard
etiquette,
if not always
the moral
code of ethics,so generally understood
expressed.
of honor
A personal sense
and
rightpervades every properly
and
while
constituted
he obeys this better instinct
gentleman,
there is not much
need for a written code to be placed before him.

gas

six

times

There

is much

need

in this

country, in all countries,for advanced,

willingto climb the hill

of
of fame
step by step, and by carefullylaying the foundation
build up a reputationwhich will be
correct
success
principles,
upon
be done on the line of false
lastingand enviable,but it can never
of any
teeth, nor
by printer'sink. If you know
man,
young
do it all,
to
graduate or undergraduate,bursting with ambition
without
given to big head, capable of running the whole concern,
much
moral
for whom
restraint and
no
conscience,utterlyselfish,

conscientious
scientific,

the

world

was

desolation,you
and

cheap
regard honor

dentists,who

without

made

and

might

advise

teeth

for his

above

any

him

theme
other

are

the

whom
to

put money

; but

external

to

any

earth
into
of my

would
ink

slinging

hearers

advantage, who

be

have

who
any

DOMINION

136

regard

this line of
a

resort

constant

doubt
with

opinion of i^ood and true men, and who would care

substantial
bling-block
a reputationon
grounds, avoid the stumof cheap teeth and advertising. The success
attending
ephemeral nature, requiring
procedure is of the most

for the

estabh'sh

to

JOURNAL

DENTAL

to

as

be

might

artificial stimulant, while

same

operator from

the

it ostracises
such

the

benefit,and

it docs

catch

not

intercourse

and

association

without

of the

those

tive
publicwhose patronage and influence are the mainstay of a lucraof humanity,
practice. It appeals to the most degrading sense
leads the ignorant,thoughtlessvictim to expect good results
and
without
adequate remuneration, a principlewhich the commonest
laborer, from the hod-carrier to the 'longshoreman and washee
washee
Chinaman, has long since recognizedas vicious and wrong.
We
would
sional,
unprofesperhaps not be interested in this disgraceful,
unsound
and undignified
way of boastingalong an unhealthy
undesirable
and
for the perniciousand
not
practice,if it were
totallyuncalled-for sacrifice of good teeth which it involves, and
the poor
the false impressions and
views
it fastens upon
wrong
the standard
of the professionby
victims,who are led to measure
their
and

experiencewith
misdeeds

are

whippers-inwhose failures
too frequeutly.
general account

these snappers

laid up

to

the

and

demoralizing degeneracy is
of too much
outcome
an
supply for the
competition,of too much
demand
for professionals,
tory
the resultingsicklyand unsatisfacand
but my
own
growth of practice,
opinion is not that such is
Since we
the case.
will always find room
at the top for good men,
It may

and

be

possiblethat

the demand

with

both

What

is

hands

this idea of

always

held

for

of

more

demand
publicand professional
indiscriminate
slaughterof good teeth,and more
and
preservationalong the lines of
present day possibilities.
Recent

Some

By
Mr.

W.

before

E.

President

the Ontario

WiLLMOTT,
and

littleoriginalmatter.

to

them

up.

the

Read

welcome

such, and

day is,for

conservative

ment
treat-

ideas

advanced

less

and

Antiseptics.

Dental

Society,Toronto, July,1892.

D.D.S., L.D.S., Toronto, Ont.

Gentlemen,
"

of the

In

full discussion

this paper
of the

newer

can

give

members

but
of

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

137

material than
I would
drugs would supply far more
must
have time to place before you, so the presentation
necessarily
and
be more
than minute.
In this age of investigation
superficial
theory regardingmicro-organisms,the subjectof antisepticsmust
be important to the dentist.
Antisepticsare medicinal
agents
of putrefactive
of preventingthe formation
which
have the power
and fermentative
changes,while disinfectants destroy these germs.
this class of

As

the

division

theoretical

of

remedies

into

these

two

classes

is

more

far as a dentist is concerned, we

as
practical,
may
will
consider the drugs we
will discuss belong to both, and
destroy
well as prevent.
You
that antiseptics
will agree with me
are
as
the most
as
important class of drugs to the dental practitioner,
without
conscientiouslypractise his
antisepticsno dentist can
chosen
medica
materia
profession. There are many drugs in our
than

classified under
have
in my

not

this

yet been

humble

head, but

accorded

opinion,the

that
best

there

are

several

new

ones

which

dignity. One of the newest,

for generalpurposes
is

and

Aristol,

Dithymol-Biniodide. This remedy

discovered
in a laboratory of Elberfield,Germany ; prepared
was
by pouring an aqueous solution of potassium iodide into an alkaline
solution of thymol, which
amorphous pregives a reddish-brown
cipitate
has
is
no
non
odor,
unpleasant
;
non-irritating, poisonous,
insoluble in water, alcohol and glycerine,
but soluble in chloroform,
and slightly
in campho-phenique ; infinitely
ether,essential oils,
so
safer than bichloride
of mercury
less irritating
than carbolic
and
acid ; contains
it readilyyieldsup.
14.8 per cent, iodine, which
This property. Dr. E. C. Kirk says, is perhaps the key to much
of
its therapeuticvalue, affording,by decomposition in the presence
of purulent secretions,
for the presentationof iodine in
a
means
the nascent
state, in which condition its well-known
antisepticand
active.
Aristol is similar to iodoform,
germicidalpropertiesare most
but has not its disgustingand suspiciousodor, nor
its toxic
solution on
is a very
cotton
properties. A chloroform
pleasant
and efficient substitute for sandarac
as a wedge or
temporary filling.
It is entirelyantiseptic,
and after remaining for a week, has no
A thick chloroform
solution makes
a
unpleasant odor or taste.
or

to

very

give it

its proper

name,

good capping varnish

flowed

on

paper,

asbestos, felt,
sheep-

DOMINION

138
skin,or
or

as

some

an

other

material.

As

JOURNAL
for
injection

an

a ten
applicationfor pulpitis,

is recommended.

ether

DENTAL

the treatment

Dr. Kirk

fistulous

per cent, solution in

reports

openings
sulphuric

astonishingsuccess

in

of

pyorrhceaalveolaris with a ten per cent, solution

oil of wintergreen. As a dressing for root
in oil of cinnamon
or
it seems
have been
to be just what
we
bination
filling
looking for in comwith campho-pheniquc on
cotton, or in a ten per cent,
solution in chloroform
with gutta percha. I have
used it with
efficient
months
and have found it more
campho-phenique for some
than any of the other drugs I have
experimented with. As it
mixes more
readilywith campho-phenique, I regardit as preferable
I find it especially
useful in cases
where
after an applito iodol.
cation
is
it
dead.
I
the
to destroy a pulp
not
quite
pulp
open up
chamber
and put in a plegetof cotton
dipped into campho-phenique
and then into the Aristol powder. This
I leave for about a week
with a temporary filling
it. At the end of that time I find
over
the nerve
has become
much
To
toughened and is easilyremoved.
My own
experiencewith it
quote again from Dr. Kirk, he says,
makes
commend
it unhesitatingly,
me
feelingassured that it
of chemical, physical and therapeutic
a
unique combination
possesses
which
more
widely known,
must, as it becomes
properties,
useful placein the catalogue
win for it a permanent and increasingly
of our
therapeuticagents."
"

Hydrogen

Peroxide.

Although discovered in 181 8, it was not tillabout ten years ago

in
that peroxide of hydrogen was
used to any considerable
extent
sively
surgery, and it is only within a year or two that it has been extenused in dentistry. It is a clear,odorless,watery liquidwith
Marchand's
a bitter taste.
preparationis the best on the market.
It should be kept cool,as when
it decomposes and becomes
warm
so

much

water, should

never

be

with

used

metal

instruments,

It is used extensivelyin
impairs its usefulness.
alveolar
abscess, pyorrhoea alveolaris,necrosis and

that

lacerations

and

wounds

harmless, it is the

of the

mucous

membrane.

strongest bactericide

known.

treatment

as

of

caries, and

While

perfectly

It has been

said

good times with terriers as microbes have with

and
the peroxide. It readilyreaches the pus in its secret
recesses,
puscles,
by the boilingand bubbling process carries it out with its cormicrobes
and company."

that

"

rats

have

as

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

This

agent,

"

diseased

with

in contact

139

tissue,
decomposes, and the

of the secretions,the pus

matters
coagulatesthe albuminoid
is of
is destroyed and also the bacteria
(Headlight) Peroxide
little use
for sterilizing
it acts only on a very thin layer
as
cavities,
of the dentine,and
will not
penetrate any deeper. It is almost
impossibleto obtain a sample free from hydrochloricor sulphuric
think these may
be responsiblefor the boilingand
acids,and some
bubbling.
of Nashville,says, "Further
Dr. D. R. Stubblefield,
experiments
cing
the effervessample showed
repeated several times with the same
the peroxide was
action when
applied in root canals, whether
there was
the drug was
present or not ; also that when
any pus
with pus outside of and away
from a tooth,there
placed in contact
ozone

"

is

no

from
canal
or

evolution
all

in the

The

next

acids,when

there

of

contact

with

of it.

The

out

or

of gas.

tooth

it,in
out

was

no

step

to

was

evolution
pus
last

or

free

of gas

experiment

peroxide

whatever, in the
it,in the mouth

from

away

the

with

hydrochloric
phenomena

was

acid

and it produced almost the identical

by itself,
as those
by the peroxide in the first place,evolution of gas and all."
Notwithstandingthese experiments there is no doubt hydrogen
it may
owe
peroxide has a place in the dental office to whatever
its properties.

Campho-Phenique.

Though this is comparativeiya new

remedy, still it has been
extensivelyexperimented with, and reportedin the Medical
Age
an
as
antisepticwithout a rival. It is prepared by adding 49.5
parts of crystalcarbolic acid to 50.5 parts of gum
camphor. Dr.
the most
remarkable
J. Foster Flagg, of Philadelphia,
says it is
"

medicament

which

has

ever

been

offered in connection

with

dental

it is known
that it is a notable germicide,an
therapeutics.When
efficientantiseptic,
decided
local anaesthetic,
a
a
non-irritant,
noninsoluble
in
water
does
color,
dispoisonous,
or
not stain or
glycerine,
is possessed of agreeable odor, and
not
disagreeabletaste,
and maintains
an
it will at once
be recognized
unchanged integrity,
as
wonderfullyadapted to a large proportion of all dento-pathoof dentine, through the varying
logicalconditions,from sensitivity
conditions of pulp-irritation,
tation,
pulp devitalization,
pericementalirrialveolar

abscess

and

caries, and

necrosis

of

contiguous

DOMINION

140

that thus

structure, and

osseous

if not

DENTAT.

JOURNAL

it must

rank

as

of the

one

most,

the most, valuable

polychrestwhich dentistrypossesses."
Where
is indicated as a wed^e, if dipped into this remedy
cotton
the pain of separatingand subsequent preparationof the cavities
is reduced

to

wounds,
canal

minimum.

burns, scalds, sensitive

dressingon

used

as

It is serviceable

without

By a series of experiments it
phenique is perfectlysafe to
that

condition

solution

it is

of bichloride
is six times

twenty-fivetimes
have

you

give it a

this

used

not

strong
strong

as

has

be used

as

as

in the

This
is safe

is safe

remedy,

it is

Hypodermically

solution

as

I would

in

of corrosive

85

limate
sub-

skin,and

surfaces.

cut

that in

the unbroken

on

on

and

mouth,

inhibitinggerms

of mercury.

as

of

treatment

any constitutional disturbances.

been
shown
that pure
campho-

efficient in

as

the

for
dentine, pulpitis,
periostitis,

cotton, fistulous canals.

local anaesthetic

in

If any

strongly advise

you

of
to

trial.
Iodoform.

One
and

drug

which

which, after

one

been

has
a

short

used

considerablyin

dental

I burned, is iodoform.
trial,

by the action of chlorinated lime on an alcoholic

potassium iodide,heated at 104" F. It is in the form
crystalline
powder, with an extremely disgustingodor,
water, but soluble
used

in combination

in

alcohol,chloroform
with

oil

practice,

and

ether.

oil cloves
eucalyptus,

or

It is prepared
solution
of

bright

insoluble

It is
oil

of

in

generally

cinnamon,

in septicroots and pyorrhoea alveoespecially

laris.
Although destroyingorganisms less readilythan carbolic
acid,according to Miller it is ten times as powerful in preventing
their development, and
it would
much
a
to have
more
appear
effect than
disinfectant
deodorizer."
marked
and
it as
a
(S. H.
as
a deodorizer
Hayward in Dental Record^ As far as its properties
bad as
the
would
be about
as
are
concerned, I fancy the cure
of iodoform's
inable
disease.
toxic propertiesand its abomOn account
odor, iodol has been extensivelysubstituted for it. This is
pyrrhol (a derivative of animal oil)with
prepared by precipitating
iodo-iodide of potassium. It is insoluble in water, but soluble in
alcohol and
ether,and slightlyso in glycerine. It is chieflyused
and

is recommended
"

glycerineunder any conditions where

only a very
Although I have mentioned
I trust I have said enough
antiseptics,

with

iodoform
few
to

be used.

could

of the many

provoke an

able
desir-

animated

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

have
us

not

will,I

which

discussion

had

time

to

am

touch

141

sure,

bring out

upon,

and

points which

many

which

of benefit

will be

I
to

all.

Copper

Geo.

By
It

was

the Ontario

before

Read

with

H.

Society,Toronto, July,1892.

Dental

L.D.S., Cornwall, Ont.

Weagant,

considerable

request of your

Amalgam.

secretary, and

consented

hesitated,from

to

write

to
a

the

polite

paper

the fact that

upon

the

ground
often and so thoroughly already,that to
has been gone
so
over
of you the subjectis become
thread-worn
and
most
uninteresting.
from
that
be
I might
I also hesitated
a
feeling
suspectedof taking
undue
an
advantage of the opportunity to advance
my personal

"

Copper Amalgam."

that I acceded

reluctance

the latter consideration

interests ; and
be allowed

to

decline.

objections,trustingto
motives, and

During
many

to

bear

upon

copper

or

forced

have, however, decided

your

with

the last two

of the dental

almost

me

good
if I

three

nature

years

it in the strongest terms.

lay aside

misconstrue

to

my
my

tiresome.

am

journalsnumerous
amalgam, some

to

not

to

ask

to

me

you

have

papers,

doubtless

articles and

lauding

it to

There

is

the

seen

in

sions
discus-

skies,others

probably not one

of you who
has not had some
experiencein its use, if even
only as
an
experiment. Many of you have used it very extensively;some
it occasionally,
and others have
discarded
it altogetherfrom
use
their practice. You
all something to say, I am
have
sure, either
for or againstit,and
I hope my
provoke a discussion
may
paper
which
towards
will tend to lead us
nearer
discoveringthe subtle
festations
principleinherent in copper amalgam, which produces all the manithat have puzzled us so long.
is no doubt
that for certain cases, copper amalgam is one
There
of the best tooth preservatives
have.
Its efficacy
as
a
we
filling
material has been proven to the satisfaction of all. When
properly
manipulated,it is easy and smooth and clean to work, sets with a
promptness enjoyed by no other amalgam, takes a fine,if ebony,
and keeps its shape and place as part and parcelof the very
polish,
in which
it is imbedded.
It is next
structure
to
impossibleto

condemning

DOMINION

142

it when

remove

DENTAL

hard, and

once

soft dentine
requiresno
upon
examination
to demonstrate.
for other

antagonism

an

of copper

amalgam,

JOURNAL

that

it exerts

scientific

deep
Teeth

which

materials,are

therapeuticeffect
and
microscopical
have

to

seem

reconciled

the

to

almost
presence

lose all their

and

malign repellantbehavior, so
detrimental
to their own
safety,under its protection.
in that some
But copper amalgam is said to be unreliable,
fillings
after a few months
the surface wearor
ing
cupped
years become
if by attrition or the action of some
down
solvent.
Such
as
a
even
fillingpresents a scooped-out or concave
though
appearance,
the edges of the cavitymay stillbe covered
by the material. They
stantly
are
generallyof a lightcolor,but this is due no doubt to the condisintito
wasting of the surface. Other fillings
appear
to become
vator.
quite soft and easilycut to pieceswith an excagrate
"

"

"

"

describing the
amalgam which have

noticed
peculiarities

In

cite from

resulted

not

in

recentlyread at
Odontological Society by Dr. J. Allen
than

He
"

says

1st.

We

black

but clean

2nd.

Then

appearance,
with

the

paper

have

the ideal

"

"

seen

cases

success,
a

that have

hard as adamant,
fillings,
plasticfilling.

in

teeth

of the

phurent of mercury
of decay.
3rd. The third

"

have

fillingsof
I cannot

meeting

of the New

Osmun,

of

filled us

with

and

copper

do

Newark,

better
York

N.J.

admiration,

edges absolutelyperfect

observed

black, but dirtyin

fillings
the immediate
neighborhood all discolored
filling,
probably the black suldisintegrated
however, saving the teeth as far as recurrence

again,we

stain

"

all

in

class of

is
fillings

much

like the

preceding,only

ing
edge we find that the fillhas decomposed, and in some
cases
entirelywasted, so that it
does not afford the tooth any protection; in fact,it resembles, to a
with the oxyphosphate
great extent, the phenomenon observed
leads one
that the same
and
to the conviction
fillings,
agent is
responsiblefor this condition of affairs. This I consider one of the
so
more
most
possiblyexist,much
deplorablesituations that can
is so
than
the other which
familiar,and has brought copper
which
I assign to the
into such disrepute,and
amalgam fillings
with

fourth

this

that
difference,

class.

at the

cervical

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

"4th. Where
-color

find the

we

in

softened, and
with

removed

some

material
filling

of

such

to

cases

while

excavator,

an

143

extent

an

others

in

resist

this is not
tooth

so

to

as

easily

is washed

simply

it

gray

that

as

preservation of the
which
give way at the
knowledge is had until

dangerous to the welfare

class of fillings
just mentioned

and

no
case
edge, because in the one
great mischief is accomplished,while in the latter case
from the outside surface,and
the patient is conscious
seeks relief."
is radicallywrong,
and hence

cervical

Osmun

Dr.

classifies the different

thus

in the

amalgam
observation.

mouth,

perhaps

cases

constitute

No.

under

the

2,

leave

we

3 I do

heading

same

and

first

his

list of

in my

personal
differently.
as
failures,

practice
should
place

own

in No.

cases

thing
some-

of copper

little

often notice, and

the

as

of the

ones,

not

gives way

that

under

come

out

the successful
No.

largemajority.

them

have

they

as

it

manifestations

would, I think, classifythem

I, and

these
the

be

leaving a hard, glassy appearance,

yet not hard enough to
Yet
the agent may
whatever
be, and slowly the fillings
cup.

away,

No.

dull

light or

4,

namely,

softeningor disintegration.This class of failures I am

satisfied is due to faultymanipulation,and think if care
is taken
it
tooth may
be refilled with
easilybe avoided, because the same
may

the

cases

of

"the

same

material

The

class of

and

become

rightthe
in No.

mentioned
fillings

hard, gradually and

frequent and

all

prove

the least

slowly waste

is,as he says, the

not

know

the

how

most

fillings

the material
as
simple attrition,
harder
is much
than
fillings
ordinary amalgams, and I have seen
of both kinds in the same
mouth
equallyexposed to the action of
attrition
the alloy filling
unchanged and the copper filling
badly
hard
and flinty. It cannot
cupped, though the material remained
worn

It

time.

ing
which, although remain-

away,
I do

dangerous.

second

away.

be

cannot

"

be due

to

acids,because

to

dissolve

that it must

be due

and

that

enough

suggest

we

if this

filling
proves

in the

mouth

seem

very

same

plausiblethat
good,' to

no

acid is

constitutional

ought always
successful,we
with

to

all of these

the 'horrid,'can

insert

Dr.

different
exist

have

of
peculiarity

first make

can

safety.

in the mouth

filling.Some

amalgam

copper

to some

found

ever

Osmun

as

patient
then
filling,

as
"

in the

we

please

It does

says,

conditions,from

sometimes

claimed

the

trial

many

strong

same

the

not

'

very,
mouth

DOMINION

144

(which he

has

DKNTAL

repeatedlyseenj,

JOURNAL

and

the

be attributed

cause

to

the

environment."
Dr. W.

B.

Valley

Ames, of Chicago, in
Association

read

paper

before

the

sippi
Missis-

of Dental

of last year^
in March
Sur^^^eons
about
by galvanic
attempts to show that the solution is brouc^^ht
is very ingenious,
His argument
action.
but I cannot
fullyagree
with him.
I think galvanicaction may
have .somethingto do with
the failures,
but do not think it is brought about as he states.
He
admits
ever

it would

to

mercury
some

way

be unreasonable

of the

condition

and
in

that

saliva

the extent

that

to

"

acid
sufficiently
we

often

these metals
as
intensified,

that

suppose
to

dissolve

see, unless
are

there

copper

the action

only soluble

in

was

was

ful
power-

acids,unless the less energeticacids be used in connection

with

side
galvaniccouplet,etc., etc." Then he goes on to show that outthe mouth
the galvanic current
would
the solution of
cause
of a copper
the components
in the weak
acids.
amalgam filling
likewise the same
And
phenomena might be observed in the mouth
in the rapidwashing of those fillings
which
were
so
placed as to
form
of a battery,the negative element
the positiveelement
of
which
But
an
or
crown.
was
adjoining or occluding gold filling
when
there is no
then sometimes
waste
fillings
gold crown
copper
of any other material^
in the mouth, or even
a filling
or
gold filling
free copper.
He
he lays the blame
notices the fact that
to
so
amalgams, when made dry, presentedthe appearance
copper
many
of being composed of copper
amalgam and free copper. This free
elem.ent,and the amalgamated portion
poses as the positive
copper
the negativeelement
; both placed in the acid fluids of the mouth,
have a galvanicbatteryin full swing workmg
and here we
merrily
edifices
at such
we
were
night and day, pullingdown bit by bit the
a

pains to
He
are

build.

does

all

aware

say how

not

that

distinct alkaline

the

batteryworks in
sometimes
waste
fillings

alkaline
in

and
saliva,

mouths

we

showing

reaction.

which
Dr. Ames
bases
peculiarcoppery appearance
upon
his whole
theory of galvanic dissolution,I very rarely see, as I
do not work
amalgam so dry as to bring about this condition.
my
I have, however, some
which, when
inserted,presented this
fillings
been
I have
time, but
watching them for some
very condition.
lead me
far have
to think
so
seen
galvanic
nothing that would
This

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

action

pullingthem

was

acid.

to

Ames

Dr.

pieces,and

thinks

145

they are

this coppery

in

tinctly
dis-

mouth

color is due

to

the

amalgamated in the
being improperly or insufficiently
first place,and to excessive grinding,at least I think \vq.
guesses at
trituration
the last. My experience goes to show that extensive
improves all amalgams, and especially
copper amalgam.
Dr. Custer,who
Dr. Ames'
opened the discussion upon
paper,
and who
Copper
fullyendorses the theory advanced, says that
amalgam consists of copper particlesin a fine state of division,
surfaces are more
If this amalgamawhose
less amalgamated.
or
tion
is perfectthere will be no
copper surface exposed at all,yet
if one
of these particles
inside will
be broken
in two
its whole
material

''

present

fusion of
He
copper surface."
says, "there is no
into another."
I have seen
it stated time and again

clean

metal

one

that there is
metal

real chemical

no

union

between

and another
mercury
; but 1 believe there

amalgam. Perhaps there is not

there is between
in an
is fusion,just as much
as
gold and silver,
alloyof those two metals,or as there is in an alloyof silver and
in

an

tin.
I do not
to

each

know

state

called

fusion,whether

of
particles

each

metal

remain

exists

but, whatever
in

of copper
suppose

fusion

amalgam.
amalgam, and
must

is,I think

in the

be

the
and

intact

There

an

in copper
; but their surfaces

copper
are

the different metals

other in the

other ;

each

relations

exactlywhat

may
coarser

covered

with

that

minute

bear
tesimal
infini-

distinct from
the

same

dition
con-

be

particlesof free
grades I think there
an
alloycomposed

fused into each other.

It is reasonable
to
mercury
this coatingof alloyhas a perceptible
depth,and the finer
and

the more
are
particles
complete the fusion,and if we follow
it up we can
imagine a state of affairs when this fusion goes clean
of copper, and
then there would
be
through the minute particles
in the mass.
free copper contained
We
a piece of
no
can
cover
by rubbing it in ; so, by grinding
copper completely with mercury
of copper
amalgam and breaking up the minute particles
copper
and
rubbing in the mercury upon them we
complete
get more
if the copper, in the first place,be prefusion.
But, better still,
cipitated
in as fine a state as possible
the
have
a
upon
mercury, we
for we
know
that copper precipitate,
in
more
thorough fusion still,
a nascent
state, amalgamates or fuses with mercury.
those

10

DOMINION

146

DENTAL

JOURNAL

from a strong solution of a cupricsalt is coarser

precipitate
solution.
If the solution was
diluted
grained than from a weak
would
be twice as fine;
with an equal bulk of water, the precipitate
the finer the precipitate,
the weaker
the solution
the more
and
complete the fusion between the copper and the mercury, in short,
I agree
with Dr. Ames
the more
thorough the amalgamation.
Dr. Custer
that the copper
be thoroughly^
and
amalgam must
amalgamated and of fine grainto give the best results. I go further
and
I have
be
always maintained, that it must
repeat what
thoroughly clean and free from all kinds of impurities,
especially
The

oxide

of copper

or

allow

or

less oxidized

of tooth

or

it to become
and

substance

or

mercury
wet

or

therefore

by

copper

If

any

other

metal.

damp

while

mixing, it

we

overheat

becomes

it

more

unclean.

I attribute the discoloration

amalgam

to impuritiesin
fillings

the

material.
I

received

letter not

prominent American
dentist asking me
what was
theory concerning the wasting of
my
know
we
amalgam fillings.He says,
amalgam
copper
copper
will save
know
what
the
will
save
teeth; now, we want to
fillings."
I was
But I have
obliged to confess I had no theory to advance.
been
of years.
I
experimenting with the material for a number
have
made
a great many
experiments both in the mouth and out
of the
of it,and
have
kept a record of fillings
put in and notes
observed.
The
various methods
results
employed and peculiarities
of my
to a great deal.
observations,I fear,do not amount
They
have
certainlynot led to the adoption of a theory. But I have
learned to avoid many
and to recognize
things which invite failure,
indications which
I have noticed that failures are
promise success.
in some
localities than in others,for instance:
more
likelyto occur
amalgam fillings
placed in approximal cavities extending
copper
the grinding surface of molars and
over
are
more
bicuspids,
apt to
fail than all others.
in molars
and contour
fillings
Large crown
fail from
These
the wasting or cupping described
next.
come
Buccal
before.
to the
fillings
very rarelyfail unless they extend
"cupping" generally takes place. Small
grinding surface,when
seldom
and fissure fillings
and approximal fillings,
anterior
crown
fail,
reach the grinding surface,are
which
do not
almost
or
posterior,
The
and
successful I find
most
invariablysuccessful.
permanent
in those shallow groove-likecavities on the palato-cerviare
fillings
a

long

ago

from

"

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

surfaces
linguo-cervical

cal and

of canines

and

of molars

147

and
bicuspids,

and

times
some-

incisors.

and I dare say it

practiceI have very few failures,
I use copper amalgam very cautiously. I never
is because
employ
where
other amalgams would
do as well,nor
it where
experience
it to be
considered
teaches
it was
me
likelyto fail. I have never
In

own

my

substitute

for other

materials,but

else would

I knew

anything

number

of failures in my

theirs,and
dentists

I have

than

in

seen

my

fail.

but

indiscriminately.In fact
it altogetherto the exclusion

too

doubt

it is due

hands.

Dr.

to

I think

of

every

valuable

that

he

addition

is because

other

proved

me

"considers
to

our

where

have

the

report in

by
they

other

I have

disastrous

it

use

they have

kind, and
so

to

dentists

made
fillings

told

use

used
no

in many

amalgam,
tooth-saving
alloy amalgams."
copper

list of

supplant the
that in the long run, those who
it
He
is disposed to think
use
most
cautiouslywill appreciateit most highly."
of decay around
I have never
seen
recurrence
a copper
amalgam
filling,
except in those small shallow buccal cavities in molars and
bicuspidsat the margin of the gum, where we find a disintegration
I think the fault in these cases
lies in not
and softeningof enamel.
cuttingenough of the enamel away in the firstplace. I would not
blame
the amalgam, as another
material
would
have
done
no
better
It is in those very same
certainlynot an alloyamalgam.
shallow
buccal
the use
cavities where
of copper
amalgam is
speciallyindicated just there where it exhibits,in strong contrast
to other
amalgams, its peculiarunshrinking qualities.Even the
which
small amount
good alloyamalgams shrink would be quite
sufficient to cause
it to
drop out."
Of course, in speaking of failures,
include those
would
not
one
where
of decay was
caused
cases
recurrence
by the accidental
fracture of the tooth at the margin of the cavity. My experience
has been
that there is less liability
of marginal fractures where
gam,
amalgam is employed than where we use an alloy amalcopper
for it in this way
and
I account
There
age
:
being no shrinkwith copper
is better supported, and
amalgam, the enamel
With
know
some
consequentlynot so apt to break.
alloyswe
materials.

It does

says

other

that

have

some

this fact that it has

Trueman

judiciouslyused,

that

to

begun

not

failures in

more

material

I have

work

own

own,

rather

not, however,
"

"

"

DOMINION

148

DENTAL

JOURNAL

is considerable

shrinkage,and a space is left under a thin

later.
or
portionof enamel invitingfracture sooner
In mixing copper
amalgam or preparing it for the cavity,if it is
and
too soft it will result in disintegration
softeningof the filling.
and
it be used hard
Neither
must
dry. See that it works with a
If it is dry and granular
smooth
plasticfinish under the burnisher.
there

under

burnisher, it will result in failure.

the

determine

smoothest

works

to
plasticity

proper
and

best

give

is when

easiest

It is not

difficult to

results,as when

it

it is

it is
right; and when
properly mixed it certainlyis a very pleasantmaterial to work.
Do not insert the copper
amalgam after it has begun to set, for
will fail. After it has begun to set it should
be
not
your filling
until thoroughly hard.
reheated
Dr. Ames

Dr. Osmun

and

Barnes

It is my

enough.

I say

with

high

slowly over
too

do

it too

it too

much

and

not

taken, it does

it to get hard

again ;

and

grind

it

often,but

too

should

be

heated

raise the

to

not

Dr.

triturate it too

mean

the

much.

heat

not

Copper amalgam
being taken not

is

care

w^e

that part of it is the manufacturer's

I think

but

If

triturate

much, I do

it too

flame, care

allow

it and

heat

we

heat

temperature.

high.

and
that

contend

heat

small

heat

we

opinion we

little. When
too

that

argues

how

matter

oftener

the

business

perature
tem-

often
better ;
attend

to

to.

I would

like to say

have

to

be found

at

good

the

word

one.

Some

depots are

pestelalso smooth and too

glassand wedgewood mortars
I
mortar
too large. The
are
is a ground glass mortar
England.

Read

Diagnosis

before

By James
The
have

the

than

small

Stirton,

useless

and

"

smooth

to

of the
the

of the

to

inside,with
of the

some

give
pestel made

Diseases

tant
impor-

porcelain mortars
Some

grasp.

found

have

Dental

to

It is

mortars.

better,but

are

of the

Ontario

to

of the small

worse

The

in reference

best

by

larger
pestels

tion
satisfac-

Fletcher

of

Teeth.

Society, Toronto, July, 1892.

D.D.S., L.D.S., Guelph, Ont.

subject on the programme

assigned to
been requested to give a paper upon, is one

me,

and

which

of great interest

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL
to

active

every

interchangeof
On

will
that every
flows

necessarilyhave
has a cause.
effect

the

on

number

shore,every

sea

recedes,for the force thus

disease

one

that affects all

subject that
of

extent

races

could

essay upon
the diagnosisof caries is
a

glance. Our

of its insidious
is

yet failed
thus

not

to

there

exerted

up, the

marks
re-

is

So

cause.

in

our

an

the

are

of this kind.

occasion
We

simple.
whole

which

the

the

saying that

"

it every

see

life work

solve thoroughly and

follow

be taken

be

difficult tasks that has

attempt that

I shall not

to

know
exceedingly brief. We
that ebbs and
Every drop of water
grain of sand that goes forward and

to

Still to find out

work.

of the most

one

for

scope

idea.

of diseases

of the teeth

an

be told at

and

broad

find out the cause,

effect;
able to diagnose the trouble.
are
alone,caries,the most prevalentof all diseases
of itself be a
and classes of humanity, would
be adequately dealt with in the confined
not

subject. The diseases

and by thus doing we
The

affords

which

and
practitioner,
observation
practical

of the

account

149

one

way

day, and

is to combat

the

it can
ravages

the

of caries
prime cause
and
yet met investigators,
brilliant minds

most

the

to

In

satisfaction

Fools

step in where

three

parts

have

of

as

all,and

angels

fear

tread.''

to

I shall

divide

my

paper

into

ist, diseases

of the

pulp ; 2nd, diseases that affect the external portionof the

and peridentalmembrane
; 3rd,diseases that are indicated at
part distant from
Diseases

1st.

tooth
some

the tooth.
of the

Pulp.

It will be

well

to

glance

at

the

of the pulp. It is a highly

and appearance
structure
physiological
vascular organ, composed of blood vessels and nerves
held together
tissue,with :5pindle-shaped
cells,the periphery of
by connective
the pulp being formed
by a layerof odontoblastic cells. It must be
remembered
that the pulp is the organ
of thermal
changes of heat
and
cold,also that in diseases of the pulp and peridentalmembrane
in some
form or other is invariablythe prime
inflammation
cause

of the trouble.

After

caries has done

its

work,

and

the tooth

has

been

have
we
destroyed,the pulp is encroached
upon, and
This is recognizedby the
slightor complete exposure.
no
pain, or if any, slight,
indicatingthat
appearance,
inflammatory progress has taken place.

partially
a

case

of

blood-red
no

s'=^vere

DOMINION

I50

When

DENTAL

JOURNAL

pulp has commenced, we have a case

of superficial
pulpitis,indicated by pain followed by the other
of blood
stasis,exudation
inflammatory symptoms,
corpuscles,
darkened
of
disturbance.
pulp,no periosteal
causing
appearance
This
will in all probability
continue
until the whole
pulp is
have
of Jiyperce7nia
a
case
or
we
affected,when
deep piilpitis.
have
Here
and
we
more
excruciatingpain
complete inflammation
of the whole
results.
There
also be
pulp with its attendant
may
of tooth to the touch should inflammation
tenderness
exude
through
be of long duration, and
apical opening. Inflammation
may
in
if apicalopening is large; patientmay
especially
go for weeks
a

state

This
to The

inflammation

of the

of torture.
is the condition
Toothache

aptly described

so

Burns

in his address

"

When

fevers

burn, or

Rheumatics
Our

But

groan,

ague

freezes,

colic squeezes,

or

neighbors'sympathy

ease

may

us,

moan
We, pitying,
;
de'il
thou
'o
a'
diseases.
thee,

mocks

Aye
When

by

groan."

our

small, it will

long,if
inflammation
form
will take place, viz.,
is severe, until another
complete death of pulp ; this will take place by strangulationof
pulp tissue at apicalopening,and that result is indicated by cessation
of pain,and the fact that upon
comfort
disno
applicationof instruments
apical opening, however,

is

not

be

is caused.
We

occasionallyfind

black, dry appearance

shrivelled

and
be

found

canal

is

with

mass.
a

in teeth which

; upon

opening

Sometimes
brooch

at

completely dry.

the
This

often the result of the withdrawal

are

we

dark

the

find the

viscid,creamy

decay is of a
pulp a dead, dry
substance

may

apical approach, but usuallythe

is termed
dry ga^igrene, and is
of the albumen

of the tissue.

called
Secondary dentine,or nodular
deposits,are sometimes
doubtful if they are
disease
or
a
pathologicalprocess, but I am
effort of nature
to shield
not an
entirelyphysiological
process, an
of disease.
her own
againstthe encroachment
organ
found mostly in teeth of imperfect
are
Ptilp tumor, or polypus,
calcification and in young
The only other disease which
persons.
for is epulis,
but the latter is found
attached
it might be taken
to

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

border, while

the alveolar
of the

151

polypus proper is always an appendage

is a proliferation
nective
arisingfrom the structural conthe pulp.
It is of a dark, reddish color, spongy
particularlypainful,and found in broken down

pulp,and
tissue of

in texture, not
teeth.
We

have

reached

now

the

apicalopening

and

the diseases

to

of

peridentalmembrane, the fine tissue well suppliedwith blood

vessels and
nerves
surrounding the root of the tooth, and serving,
well as to give nourishment, to retain tooth in place. The
as
dental
periis certainly
membrane
the organ of touch of the tooth, and
it must
not be forgottenthat nearly all diseases of that membrane
the

arise from

is, and

form

some

of inflammation.
the

knowing that,

apparent, and

know

We

of the

symptoms

what

effect

the

cause

at

are

once

diagnosismade easy.
Acute
near
apicalopening,
pericementitisalways commences
before the
and is usuallythe result of death of pulp,or sometimes
of that organ if the apicalopening is large. There
is soredemise
ness
of tooth,a slightelevation of tooth in socket causing pain on
and swellingof tissues surrounding.
biting,a reddish appearance
The
for
continue
pain is pulsatingand exacerbating. This may
a

short time

modified
then

correct

and

terminate

become

and

in acute

chronic

alveolar

abscess,or

formation

without

become

may

of pus.

have

We

of chronic

pericementitis.There will be continuous

of not so exacerbatinga character as in the acute
soreness
variety
for
few
remain
a
swelling,pain upon touch, may
stationary
days
or
a
lengthy period,disappear for a time and then return.
Alveolar
abscess is always the result of inflammation
of peridental
and
is always primarilylocated at the apicalopening.
membrane,
It may
until the whole
is
enlargeits area
peridentalmembrane
is exacerbating,
There
affected.
throbbing pain,patient may be
swollen
over
fevered, reddish
appearance
; swelling may
gum
continue
to
aedamatous, swollen and profrightful
extent, cheeks
truding,
a

case

eye

jaw

cheek

distorted.
and
a

point of

subside
W^e

and
have

on

side of face

affected

be

in

may
These

hanging
are

often

ere

for pus

and

the face to

resume

exit

now

be

closed,or if

baggy shape,and

the symptoms

long

may

face

carried to the most

lower

on

and

mouth

serious

ditions,
con-

this

chronic

of
degree is reached the formation
its discharge,
permits the swelling to
its normal
alveolar

appearance.

abscess, and

this

is

easily

DOMINIOX

152

diaf^noscdby
exudes.

The

the fistulous

This

and
visible,

tooth

DENTAL

ahnost

may

it may

JOURNAL

opcnin^^through which
close up, but

the pus

very small

completely close,resultingin

affected

present

may

an

appearance

opening being

of

formed

blind

abscess.

perfecthealth.

Perhaps the translucencyis not quiteso natural as in a tooth where

the pulp is alive.
In diagnosing chronic
abscess
the fistulous
A fistulous openopening is the important point to keep in view.
ing
be found

may
nasal

cavity,on

chin,and
is that

on

in various
the

the neck

roof
as

but
occasionally,
by necrosis. In

parts of the face,on

of the

low down

the

cheek, in the

mouth, in the antrum,

as

the clavicle.

onlv

the

trouble

fistulous

be
openings may
is to
caused
of doubt
the only method
any case
examine
be
every tooth with the greatest scrutiny. A tooth must
abscess,and by examining every pulplesstooth
pulplessto cause
carefullythe origin of pus exuding from fistulous opening will
surelybe found.
The depositsof tartar and its inflammation
known
as
results,
by
the various names
of salivary,
paratively
calculus,calcic inflammation, is comsimple in its diagnosis,although the disease is very
destructive in its effects. There
of
is supposed to be three sources
matter, the serum, saliva,and particlesof
originof the adherent
food.
The serumal
nodules
varietyis recognizedby its brownish
the root of tooth under
the gum, which
is red, inflamed,
encircling
The
and receding from tooth.
salivaryvarietyis of various shades
of color, from
It is deposited in some
a
yellow to quite dark.
mouths
in largequantities,
sometimes
covering many of the teeth,
is supposed to be a depositionof the lime salts of the saliva.
and
inflammation
will continue, causing recession of gums,
if
The
and
permitted will eventuallydestroy. This disease usually attacks
lower

incisors and

upper

rarely,these

The

under

molars.

or
Phagaedenic pericementitis,
Rigg's disease, is a disease
essentiallyof the peridentalmembrane, exceedingly destructive
than calcic
and usuallyassociated with less apparent inflammation
One
side of a tooth
It is irregular
in its attacks.
inflammation.
At the inceptionof the
be affected while the other is not.
may
red and inflamed.
is slightly
disease the gingivalmargin of the gum
As the disease advances, this to some
extent
disappears; the peridental
membrane
is destroyed longitudinally,
forming pockets.
the apex
These
a
pockets may be detected by passing towards

ORIGINAL
flat blade.

thin
around

be

may

deposit of
work

calculus

membrane

will

often

extend
This

peridentalmembrane.

calcic inflammation
be

found

flap of

the

under

alveolus.

brownish

inflammation

phagaedenic
and

153

destruction

may

the destructive
the

on

with

associated

serumal

while

gum,

of

process

tooth,destroyingthe whole

the

disease

This

COMMUNICATIONS

its

pursues

points for

essential

The

the

inflammation; 2nd, formation

diagnosisare, ist, not great superficial
of pockets and
destruction
of peridental membrane
; 3rd, its
infectious character or liability
to attack neighboring teeth.
The

Diseases

of

Caries,which

1st.

Exterior

the

I shall make

of

remarks

no

Tooth.

the

its

as

upon,

diagnosis

is easy.
Abrasion

2nd.

Abrasion
and

is

being

grooves
The

incisors and

all the teeth may be

in persons gettingup

cases
seen

Erosion

tion,
disease, but it is the result of mastica-

in the worn-off

seen

teeth.

Erosion.

be called

may

little pits and

these

and

of

cusps

formed

biscupidsand molars ;
the grinding surfaces of

on

cuspidsalso
almost

worn

be

may

; in

worn

to the gum.

some

trouble is

This

in years.

is found

usuallyon the labial surface of the anterior

teeth, and is recognized by pits or an angular depression a little
below the gum
apparentlywithout any cause.
; these being formed
The base of these depressionsare hard, and thus differ from caries.
The etiologyof erosion
is very obscure.
We

have

Those

when

reached

now

the

the

third

often

is indicated

pain

last

and

at

of

class

diseases.
from

distance

the

tooth.
A

patient comes
exacerbating pain
examine
them

the teeth ;
with

into

side

over

of face ; cannot

discomfort

no

trouble ?

In nine

there

filling
encroaching upon

is

carious spot which

It is not
be

obscure, as

hard

syringeand

cases

of ten

out

has reached

the

it is

sometimes

localize
with

matter

caused.
of two

shooting
it.
them

What

troubles

You
;

tap

is the
:

either

the

that

the

carious

spot should

exposed pulp causes

pain
which you suspect, use
a
are
any fillings
and you will soon
localize the guiltytooth.

If there

cold water,

one

of

pulp,or there is an obscure

tion.
pulp,settingup violent inflamma-

absolutelynecessary

to localize.

complaining

apparentlynothing the

instrument,

an

office

your

an

apparent

DOMINION

154
In

some

cases

hot

DENTAL
is better

water

for

JOURNAL
a

the

it expands the
as
diagnosis,
is the
and pain. Cold water
of pulpitis,
which
causes

causes
fillini^,
pressure
better for diagnosing an
obscure
case
reflected pain.
Neuralgic pain may be caused by the teeth,and these are the
difficult of all for diagnosis. I have a case
in view,for during
most
the last four years
taken
I have
six apparently sound
and
out
ting
excruciahealthy teeth for a gentleman who has suffered the most
and agonizing neuralgicpain. Upon the first consultation,
he
side of face,and, in his
complained of severe
shooting pains over
the
opinion, localizingitself at a bicuspid. Upon examination
teeth were
found
perfectlysound, and diagnosing neuralgia. I
him
He
sent
to his
treatment.
physician for constitutional
returned
that this tooth
however, no better,and demanded
shortly,
be taken out, and out it came,
sound
and
as
perfectas the day it
was
erupted. This gave him relief for a month or so, and again he
in agony,
and
tooth had to disappear,with
came
again another
relief as the result.
During four years he has lost six teeth in this
Why the extraction of a perfectlysound tooth should give
way.
relief to the most
than I can
tell. All I
excruciatingpain is more
know
is that it is a fact,but impresses me
with the belief that the
of neuralgic troubles associated
with the
diagnosis of the cause

gases

under

teeth

are

the

difficult we

most

I must

encounter.

now

conclude.

fullywith the various diseases as might be

The
desirable,I must plead lack of space and time.
subject is so
vast and
interestingthat in an essay suitable for an occasion of
but a very brief consideration
should not be prolix,
this kind, which
of each disease is permissible.
If I have

not

dealt

so

Electricity Its Application

"

Read

before

Ontario

By
Mr.

President

and

T.

Dental

Brown,

to

Dentistry.

Society,Toronto, July,1892.

Otterville,Ont.

Gentlemen,
"

trust

that

you

will

look
over-

shortcomings that appear in this paper, as I am rather at

a disadvantage. We
expected Dr. McElhinney to prepare an essay
asked to open
instead of
the discussion
this subject,
and I was
on
However,
the
as
presentingthis hurriedlywritten one of my own.
any

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL
is
subject of electricity

interest,I will endeavor

applied to

in which

one

give

to

we
a

you

155

all take

should

brief outline

deep

of its

uses

as

profession.

our

rapid progress in the last few years,

and what was
a success,
a very
interesting
experiment has become
of civilization. We, as members
and applied to nearlyall branches
in
made
of the dental profession,
should be proud of the progress
our
calling. We are keeping abreast of the times in operations,
therapeuticsand mechanics, and are ever
ready and willingto
work.
In the adoption
that will assist us in our
adopt any means
motive
of electricity,
have
indeed
valuable
assistant
a
we
a
as
heating and therapeuticagent. It has ever
power, an illuminating,
Electrical

been

the chief aim

We

have

Various

on

elements

and

by

used
we

chief

have

expansion

to

it may

But

in

our

ones,

due
but

energy.

this power.

time, such

of gases.
as

with

us

as

the

gravity,
only one

be carried

and

account

no

good

many

time

motor

many

great
which
other

offices.

the electric motor

on

supply

to

suppliedto the electric

engines, mallets, lathes, and

wire

reason

us, is

for muscular

substitute

tried from

dental
propels our
appliancesgenerallyfound
The

is electrical energy,

small

find

to

man

been

wind

needs

to our

made

the

to

have

means

distance

of

looked

running water,
suited

has

science

to

generally
of a perfectmotor, as
want
to the defective
supply of

has
the

rather

not

been

more

electrical energy.
In former
upon.

years

Powerful

batteries

ones

were

were

the

(ew, some

had
to rely
we
only source
dangerous ; others gave off
of potash batteryhas been

bichromate
The
disagreeablefumes.
most
successfully*
employed, but this is also difficult to use for any
If some
length of time.
day we should have a perfectbattery,
easilyhandled, powerful,constant, and not wasteful,without doubt
it would
be largelyemployed by us.
But at present it is impracticable
make
with
As
to
a success
a
an
primary battery.
ment
improveon
primary batteries,secondary or storage batteries have
been employed, and with somewhat
better success.
But still they
not
are
wear
just the thing. The lead plates soon
out, and it is
accordingto the amount
necessary to charge the battery frequently,
of work
performed. This form of batteryis also rather expensive.
Thus
of supplying us with electrical energy
is
you see this means
where
is required. But
work
continuous
not to be depended upon

DOMIXIDX

156
as

electric

lightingand

this country,
from

street

we

can

DKNTAL

JOURXAI.

companies are so common

and seek
dispensewith batteries,

out
through-

power

'

our

energy

circuits.

Before

I would
advise you
investingin an electrical dental outfit,
to acquaintyourselveswith the various currents
sup[)licd
by electric
are
companies. The three in general use
High Tension,
power
Low
first should
The
Tension, and Alternating Currents.
never
be used by us, as the voltage is too great to be brought in contact
with our
the mouth
being a good conductor of electricity,
patients,
it is always in a moist condition.
The
will generally
as
company
try to persuade you that by making a shunt from the main current,
and introducinga theostat outside your
be
the voltage may
office,
decreased
to answer
However, I would not
sufficiently
your purpose.
consider myself justified
in recommending this to be used on either
the electric mallet or dental engine,but could be advantageously
employed in our laboratories to propel lathes,etc. Do not think me
this subject,
I am
rather inclined to be otherwise,
as
on
pessimistic
and simply wish to give a word
of warning to those who
not
are
thoroughly acquainted with the difference in the currents.
The
Alternatingcurrent is also of a high voltage,but as this is
be generallyused.
not applicableto the electric mallet,it will never
Wherever

Low

Tension

current

is available, it

can

be

used

with

perfectsafety,and will afford much

pleasure to both patient
and operator. Especiallyis this the case
in largeand tedious gold
accustomed
once
to its use, the operator will save
fillings.When
fifty
employed by hand or automatic
per cent, of the time necessarily
mallet,and the patientdoes not experience the unpleasant jarring
usuallyfelt with other mallets.
for the
Most
appliances on sale at our
depots are intended
Edison
most

incandescent

complete

Dr.

current.

dental

Kells,of New

electric outfit that I have

Orleans, has
ever

seen.

It

the
sists
con-

lamp of
engine,a hooded
for illuminating
ing
about five candle power
the mouth, wires for attachis controlled by a movable
The current
the electric mallet.
pedal
be started
or
switch,which
stopped almost instantaneously.
may
The
strengthof the current is regulatedby a theostat confined in a
of

neat

small

walnut
The

which

motor

case,

upper

illuminator,while

on

turns

the outside

of which

one

gives current

the

lo'^er

row

the

is

double

row

for electric mallet

throws

the

force

to

of

tacts.
con-

and

mouth

the

motor,

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL
which

will increase

to six thousand

As

the

of the

speed

revolutions

illuminatingpower,

157

engine from

sixteen

hundred

per minute.
besides

it is recommended
offices,

as

supplying
valuable

us

with

assistant

lightfor our
in diagnosing

supposed to be confined in some

the antrum, a small lamp of three candle
interior cavity,
as
power,
the lamp
The
is used.
patient is placed in a darkened
room,
inserted in the mouth, and the mouth
closed ; if pus is in the cavity
the rays of lightwill not be transmitted.
be used
As a heat producing agent it will soon
to heat
our
the vulcanizer,and generallytake the place of gas or
run
offices,
doubtful

Where

cases.

is

pus

kerosene.
dental

dentine,as

electric cautery is recommended

to

relieve

sensitive

dryer,etc.
has
been
not
largely employed in
Electro-therapeutics
very
in applying it to
a
success
dentistry. Some claim to have made
of hyper?emia,peridentalmembrane, neuralgia,
facial paralycases
sis,
and various nervous
affections.
used it in such
Having never
Before
vouch for its success.
closingthis paper, I
cases, I cannot
wish to say a few words
about
the disgracefulway
this valuable
abused
of our
profession
by some
unscrupulousmembers
agent was
short
time
who
claimed
have
made
in using
to
a
great success
ago,
it as
the

local anaesthetic

Dental

holds

root

Electric

in extraction

Vibrator.

of

teeth,under

the

of

name

local anaesthetic,
as
a
Electricity,
whatever
good results were attributed

placein surgery, and

to its effects were
entirelydue to other causes.
has been thoroughly investigated
in
Electricity
by the best men
and all pronounce
it nil as a local anasthetic,but as
our
profession,
motive
heat producer and
of the
a
illuminator,it is one
power,
valuable agents that can
be appliedto dentistry.
most
no

Eastern

Ontario
Address

Another
of

year
our

past, will,I

am

Dental

by

Association"

Chas.

passed, and
existence

as

A.

again on

meet

an

association.
those

Meeting.

L.D.S., Ottawa.

we

satisfied,
assure

of the
genial hospitality

Martin,

Thirteenth

who

the thirteenth
Recollections
have

Kingston dentists,that

partaken
we

versary
anniof the
of the

will be made

DOMINION

158
to

feci at

held
the

in

home.

Kingston.

resident

DENTAL

always anticipatewith pleasure the meetings

There

dentists

JOURNAL

is no

live in

cityor

in the Dominion

town

where

harmony and friendliness.

a
been, singly and collectively,
They have ever
powerful help to
our
society. It can hardly be expected otherwise ; they live in an
has produced have
atmosphere where the greatest intellects Canada
lived in harmony, and
after a diversified course,
occupying the
highestand most responsiblepositionsCanada could offer. Those
I have
have returned
to old Kingston to rest for ever.
great men
another
that our
said on
occasion
meetings should partake largely
of recreation.
The
I see, providesfor this to a pleasing
programme,
still
those
it
is
due
who
have
taken
the
to
extent
pains and
;
trouble to prepare papers and clinics that we
should give them
our
attention.

earnest

taken

an

That

in

unselfish
our

That

part

greater

it has
at

our

been

benefit

meeting, I

deliberations

unostentatious

to

have

those

reason

portionof

who
to

have

believe.

the Ontario

professionhave not only benefited but have raised its

standard
in publicestimation,i.e., by a higher and nobler conduct
each other.
It has caused a fraternal feelingto exist and
towards
in towns
and cities where two or more
dentists practise a cooperation
grow
for mutual
improvement, as it were.
for our
littleassociThe year justpast has been an eventful one
ation
dental

"

; it has

caused

appeals,and has
A great change

the

whole

Province

of Ontario

received

the support of the

is about

to

to

majorityin

listen to its
its demands.

of our
place in the management
A
Bill has
institutions.
passed the Ontario Legislature with
amendments
conforming with the wishes of the majority of the
dental
Ontario
profession. The dissatisfaction which has long
with
endured
has been
existingstate of management
increasing
with
have

the

additional

number

take

of licentiates.

Those

licentiates who

doubt, better able

passed through our collegecourse
are, no
therefore
the more
to judge of existing defects,and
are
capable
to
; providingthey are
suggest improvements and ameliorations
honest
in their actions,and
moved
not
by personal spleen,their
ideas will prevail. That
they are honest is shown by the earnest
That
the change will give better
unanimity of their actions.
general satisfaction time will show ; at all ev^ents we will require
satisfied with the present change, as our
for a time
remain
to
are
appeals for
legislators
grumbling at the frequency of our

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

But

amendments.

it

remembered

be

must

159

that

we

are

young

speaking) as a recognized profession; that the

(comparatively
dental
professionis astonishingthe world by its rapid progress,
be expected to remain
therefore cannot
with slow
content
and we
of our
The
evolution.
ciation,
assoframing of a Bill by active members
for
and
submitting it to the licentiates of the Province
approval,resulted in obtaining a majority over the one submitted
assembled
This
I pointed out to the Board
from
by the Board.
figuresgiven me
by our
Secretary. The Board then passed a
which was
resolution (seenotes)adopting a bill of amendments
to
have been discussed
at the generalelection
meeting in July, when
an
agreement could be arrived at as to the best mode of procedure.
But, alas,the wisest schemes are oft frustrated. During the interval
result now
Ottawa
went
to Toronto, with the
a deputation from
of the delegation can
obtained.
Members
explain to those who
what
desire to know
transpired. Now, this has not been brought
about

without
As

on.

and

few

with

the

wishes

This

Board

the

from

the licentiates
and

of the

the

The

of

be done

can

Directors, and

will be

of which

as

have

it was

expended
carried

majorityof

of the licentiates of the Province

the expense.
to

only of

details

in this movement,

money

duty

the

expense,

the

their

out

later
time

in accordance

it is the
licentiates,

contribute

to

shown

their share

of

by presentinga bill of expenditure

have
such expenditure recouped

general fund.

concession

by

made

our

of the licentiates may

delegatesas

to

the

annual

fees demanded

with

general approval,as
is shown
by the last vote taken on the question,but I think the
that we
should
be on
an
objectorswill concede
equal footing in
this respect with the medical
and pharmaceuticalassociations,and
contribute
suitable

our

quota

not

meet

for the establishment

institution such

and

maintenance

of

point to with pride and honor,

institution that will continue
to guard our
interests.
an
professional
Dental
licentiates are
rapidlyincreasingin Ontario ; between
forty and sixty annually receive the parchment with the college
Judging from the conduct of those established in Ottawa,
stamp.
the code of ethics is generallywell adhered
From
other parts
to.
in apparent desperationto realize
hear of some
we
stray ones,
their extravagant expectationsof a rapid and easy road to wealth,
where a number, combined,
turningtheir dental office into a factory,
as

we

can

DOMINION

160

DKN'I'AL

JOURNAL

rapidlyplatesof teeth,cheap,as advertised.

Judging from
failures in this mode
of practice,
and
in contrast, the
numerous
in a
steady growing and stable practiceof the skilful practitioner
select office,the one
who starts out
with a patientand determined
and raise the dignity of the professionwill reap
to hold
purpose
in the long run.
the greater reward
The
of education
higher standard
requiredat present by our
collegeof students desiring to enter for the study of dentistrywill
dental
on
naturallyevolve men
capable of writing interestingly
our
through which we can
topics; therefore a medium
express
our
rightsand condemn
opinions,advocate
wrong-doings, is a
necessity,and no doubt will be supported by the professionof
Canada
ducted
generally,if it be not sectional in its selections,but conin a true catholic spirit.We
have, it is true, a creditable
DENTAL
I
publication at present, the DOMINION
JOURNAL.
would
impliessimply,not an official
preferit to be what the name
It might perhaps be more
cosmopolitan,
organ of any association.
find
favor.
As
I
in
former
and
address,viz.,
predicted a
greater
turn

f)iit

members

that if the younger

of

active part in its

proceedings,an

issued.

such

We

have

it

is,showing

will,no

doubt, be

one

I will

carried

energy

us

on

would

take

and

very

the part of the

more

could

programme

now,

be

creditable

officials.

It

successfully.Being a lengthy one,

your time, but give place to more

out

trespass

attractive

before

one

and

tact

further

not

an

association

our

on

proceedings.
interesting

after

Hemorrhage
Read

By

A.

In this paper
state
to

the mind

flow of the
stated
there
due
from

before

A.
I do

not

ready

blood

after

likelihood

notice
this

of the

source.

Association.

Dental

Falls, Ont.

dealingwath

tissues,but

or

and

that the appearance

is

purpose

blood

Ontario

L.D.S., Smith's

Burns,

of the
the

the Eastern

Extraction.

extraction
of

of any

above, very

of

of
a

minute

logical
physio-

to
especially

more

effective methods

the

any

arrestingan

tooth.

It has

recall
undue
been

patientwill be a key as to whether

After taking
hemorrhagic trouble.
little warning is given the surgeon
a

ORIGINAL

COMMUNICATIONS

i6i

patientinforms the
of a trouble of this nature
When
on
a previousoccasion.
surgeon
it is well to take every
of this kind is presented,
a case
precaution
of
when
performingoperationsof a similar kind for any members
and good
the same
family,as the trouble is said to be hereditary,
grounds are presentedfrom past experiencesfor so believing.
After a tooth has been extracted, the blood comes
spontaneously
time in a degree such as will not
and flows for an unlimited
cause
Usually after five minutes' flowingthere is a process
any alarm.
of clotting
taking place. This stage in the flow of blood is called
primary hemorrhage, and is usuallyall that the surgeon has to deal
the clot is
as
with, as the blood generallystops flowingas soon
after the clot has formed, even
formed
eightor ten
; but sometimes
flow of blood
hours after,
there appears
a
more
rapid than the
This is known
pulsatingmanner.
precedingand in a somewhat
this occurs,
it is first advisable
as
secondary hemorrhage. When
About

to

the

only correct

the

remove

clot which

definite application
may

and

then

be

has formed

the

in order

hemorrhage.

The

half turn.

This

carries out, to

advise

given a

that

more

made.

large burr as
burr is passed

Some

surgeons
of arrestingthe

is when

warning

the

of

use

first

up the
an

means

socket

extent, the

dealingwith hemorrhage. But while this may

be all sufficient,
it is open to doubt, as frequently
the blood comes
from the underlying portionof gum,
and should this be the case,
would fail.the foregoingmethod
is to take a strong solution of alum,
What
seems
more
practical
formed
by dissolvingalum in warm
water, and first applying with
in this manner,
of cotton
a syringe; after a few applications
pellets
Torsion

method

of

with the solution and

forced into the socket.
be saturated
may
think that a greater effect is produced by applyingpowdered
Some

pelletafter saturation.
powerful. However, if this

alum

to

more

the

repeat the
this

treatment

the wound
have

is said to

soluble in the

; or

be

may
an

should

is not

we

syringedwith

immediate

blood.

This

action

Pellets may

may

make

the

action

it is well
effectual,

to

to
preferanother treatment
peroxideof hydrogen, which
causing a clot which is not

also

be saturated

and

inserted

into wound.
While

the

patient is
11

patientis being treated, it is well to lose no time as

growing weaker, and the blood is losingits clotting

DOMINION

i62

action

of

account

on

of these

be resorted

parts, namely, the

of its exponent

one

serum

If
displacingthe organic matter.
])roportion,
the stronger stypticsmust
methods
are
successful,

becoming greater
none

JOURNAL

DENTAL

in

to.

the more
followingare classed among
powerful stypticsfor
local application
of silver,
tannic acid,subsulphateof iron,
: Nitrate
perchlorideof iron, persulphate of iron, gallicacid, tincture of
be taken
that no
so
ergot. Care must
agent is employed as a
stypticwhich will in any way destroy the tissue.
The

in some
successful
silver may
prove
destruction
of the tissues with which
it comes

Nitrate
causes

and

of

also

forms

iron acts

in much

the

with
formed

by

these

is not

sandarac

iron

contact,

Perchloride

of

soluble

presents

clean

well in connection

answers

Also

cotton.

It acts

compounds.

after action

and
styptic,

or

subsulphateof

Powdered
with

excellent
of lint

compress

in

it

manner.

destroy tissue,and

acid is an

same

in blood.

iron is the best of the

Persulphateof
does
not
readily,
looking wound.
Tannic

is soluble

clot which

but

cases,

gallicacid.

The

clot

in blood.

iron used

varnish, followed

pelletsof

on

by

the

use

cotton

of the

saturated
so

compress

adjustedas to act directlyupon the mouth of the bleedingvessel.

This is generallyeffective in alveolar hemorrhage.
of ergot is also good, but must
Tincture
be used hypodermically
in about the proportionof one
It
part ergot to two
parts water.
is found that when
the tissue has been
punctured by the needle it
During the
presents a dark, swollen and unsightly appearance.
time
that operation is going on, it is well to see that the patient
is in the horizontal
rests, and
position,having the head and
shoulders
than

raised.

locally.

It is well

Arterial

in

sedatives

to

treat

other

severe

cases

should

be administered,
two-third

ways

such

as

grains. Opium
should
in this quantity more
not be administered
frequentlythan
once
every three hours, and then as few times as possible.
the following
If it is found necessary
to resort
to other
means,
might be of use : Take a piece of compound, and having heated
Have
it place it upon the jaw directly
patient
oppositethe wound.
advisable
close jaw, and in order that they do not meet
it
is
closely,
in the compound before insertlittle blocks of wood
to place two
opium

one

grain,and

acetate

of lead

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

163

ing ; when this is properly hardened, it may be removed.

which
with the wound
in contact
of compound
came
be removed, leavingonly a sufficient quantity to serve
between
the jaws.
mix
it to
Take
a quantity of plasterof Paris, and

The

part

should
as

now

division

the

proper

It is necessary
to
consistency,using alum water for the purpose.
mixed
hasten
in this manner
in doing this,as the plaster when
hardens
quickly. Fill the cavityrecentlyformed in the compound
and placeagain on the jaw, requestingthe patientto close as before,
and

then

the

two

having bandage
ends

fastened.

to

meet

In this

ready
the

manner

the

head, where

the

over

it under

pass

jaws

they

caused

are

chin, allowing

remain

to

securely

are

in

fixed

position.
In any

it is well

treatment

pelletsof cotton,
least

danger

of

leave

to

etc., in

compress,

applications,such

position until

bleeding. Some

of

recurrence

local

there
even

is not
as

go

as

the

far

as

pelletsto remain in until they are thrown off by nature.

While
the objectof this paper has been to try and throw
out
a
few
of severe
ideas for use
in any case
hemorrhage, if you will
allow

to

the

will

permit, I
every

spend
it best

quantity of acid
possibleto carry
cold

water

for
the

is

poured

As

of the

wound

keep
quickly when
method.

after

treatment

up

as

endeavor

that if

as

slow

far

heroic

take

ten

to

stream

drops.

acid

This

of

generalpractice

patientto dispense

carbolic

in about

in

as

with

and

glycerinein
quarter glass of tepid
will be

found

to

be

the other.

ing
suckgiven to what may be called continuous
immediately after a tooth has been removed.
constant
spitting. Blood is found to clot more

allowed

of the

found

agreeable

four,and
to

wound, and

sufficient

bleeding tissue with the aid

immediately cease
flowing.

substitute

six

until

wound

be somewhat

more

to

equally as effectual
Some
patientsare

both

general

the

upon

may

the

It will be

will almost

winter, it might be

Others

the

in

out

from

this out.

proportion of one
water
; drop from

or

flowed

the treatment

above.

syringe

to

has

blood

syringe,the
While

minutes

of extraction.

case

I consider

of

few

above

to

flow of its

actions

are

own

free

will,so

great hindrance

that
to

either

nature's

DOMINION

i64

The
Read

Uses
before

Mark

By

DJON'l

of

AI.

JOURNAL

Electricity in Dentistry.
Ontario

the Eastern

S. McElhinnev,

Association.

Dental

D.D.S., Ottawa.

The

subjectwith which this paper deals,that of the uses to which

is rapidlybecoming a very
be appliedin dentistry,
electricity
may
important and much discussed question.
to human
needs, has rapidlypassed
as
a contributor
Electricity,
beyond the stage of uncertainty and mystery, subject to the
arts of magician and
charlatan,into the brighter
pseudo-scientific
tations
limiand
positionof an exact science wherein both its possibilities
are
intelligently
recognized and studied by scientific men.
There
is always a time in the evolution
of knowledge regarding a
newly discovered, or at least recentlyinvestigatedforce, during
which
ascribed
to it innumerable
are
propertiesthat it does not
and
cannot
Especiallyhas this been true of electricity,
possess.
of the electro-medical
from the promulgation of the false axiom
is Life,"to the dentist that claims
appliancevendor
Electricity
the attainment
of painless extraction
of the electric
by means
"

"

vibrator.
Yet
and

there

are

that

laboratories,uses

other

uses

means,

for this

legitimateuses
that

served

are

fail

cannot

to

force

far less

in

surgeries
efficiently
by any

recommend

our

it

as

uable
inval-

an

of this force
helper. A few words on the nature
will perhaps be in place,as the curriculum
of our
collegeincludes
is very
what
necessarily
elementary on this subject,and as after
of office practice,
time for study
graduation,amid the perplexities
friend and

is

limited,the dentist

be blamed

cannot

knowledge of the subject.

is considered
to
Electricity

All forces in nature

do

tend

not

exhibit

toward

Suppose, for instance, two

now

or

somewhat

state

restricted

of matter

tive
co-rela-

not

ordinarycircumstances

pipe ;

mode

stances
similar,to heat, light,
chemistry,etc. All subsupposed to be pervaded with this force,but under

with, but
are

be

for

if one

of the basins

be

the

it.
establishment

basins
and
filled,

of

an

of water, connected
the other

equilibrium.
by a

be left empty,

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

will be

there

the empty

and

In the

raised

be

one

until the level of both

one

of two

case

established

of water

current

that

established,flowingfrom

the full basin

between
become

the

same.

of matter, if the electrical condition

bodies

above

165

of the

the

other, there

higher to

will

This

lower.

the

be

of

current

difference

bodies,or in different parts of the same

difference of potential,
so
that,in short,the

in the electrical state

of two

as
a
body, is known
by which
dynamo, battery and pile are various kinds of pumps
difference of potentialis created,while the force is produced and
a
stances
the work
accomplished by the effort of nature to restore the subto a state of electrical equilibrium.
the knowledge
and
Electricityis often said to be intangible,
it
regardingit in its infancy; but grantingits corporealintangibility,

be admitted

must

forces of nature

to

be at least

with

which

we

as
are

transmitted,stored and

well defined

water

such

pressure
in

by

our

the

of

of the
as
an

of this current

nature

is used

than

that

running water-wheels.
is equivalentto the
current
or
body of current
amperage

analogy,while

the

size of the

stream.

The

difference

of

I know

for

electrical

of the

any

other

is geracquainted. Electricity
minated,
measured
accuratelyas to quantity,
is as manageable as steam,
gas,

quality and efficiency.It

water, compressed air,or other powers.
Analogies are sometimes
misleading,but
illustration

as

between

of

The
head

no

better

body of
voltage or
a

of water

is represented
frictional

or

that generated by induction,or by chemical

and
electricity
is represented
action,is in qualityand not in kind. Static electricity
by a great head of water with a very small stream, while the other
like a largerstream
is more
with a lower head.
A dynamo may
be constructed
of any quantity
to give a current
and pressure that the work
to be accomplished may
require.
As far as the dentist is concerned, the appliances come
to him
ready made, so that his duty is to ascertain the uses to which they
be put. The
heat
possibleuses to him are to produce light,
may
and power, and as a therapeuticagent.
be generated by battery,small
Electricitymay
dynamo, or
obtained
from a general circuit. The
running of an isolated plant
is out of the question for the dentist.
Battery power for lighting
and heating purposes
is both costlyand
troublesome, so that the
is from
the street circuit. "Where
only reallysatisfactory
source
static

DOMINION

i66

there
or

is

water

DENTAL

JOURNAL

generalcircuit available,the dentist

far superiorto batteries.
For
power

no

small

electro-cautery
are
required for
handy, as one or

induction

brief

and
periods,the batteryis both economical
cells,requiring two or three charges a month,

Where

the street

circuit is

but

the

and

two

coil,in which

will find either foot

currents

the electric
available,

will

motor

suffice.

applied to

the

grinding and polishinglathe is a splendid arrangement, while

for operating on
dark
structed
days and in the evening, a properly conto daylight.
lamp apparatus is in some
superioreven
ways
enthusiastic
this subject,yet I
on
Though, perhaps, somewhat
plicity
recognizethat life is too short to be spent in fussingwith a multiof appliances,
consequently I have discontinued
using the
electro dental engine and
the small mouth
is no
lamp. There
doubt that the best use, for some
thingsat least,is merely to keep
them
of
The application
lying around to mystify the uninitiated.
is not yet perfectenough to provide
to heating purposes
electricity
the dentist with one
reallyuseful appliance. There is to be procured
at the electrical supply depots a small kettle surrounded
by a
jacketcontainingthe heating apparatus. This kettle was originally
for making hot
intended, no doubt, by some
thirstyelectrician,
punch, but the dentist will find it extremely convenient to produce
small quantityof hot water
If I could have
at very short notice.
a
brought one of these little applianceswith me I have no doubt the
cally
electrigentlemen present would have been pleased to test some
heated water, to which
might safelybe added about twenty
per cent, of a certain popular Gaelic antiseptic.
has
In therapeutics,
truly been thought to be the
electricity
elixir of

and
life,

I do

greatlyover-rated.
such

wonderful

and

this is

There

curative

why,

in

hesitate

not

is

no

powers,

recent

to

say that

evidence

to

in
especially

number

of the

its value

show

has

been

that it possesses

the forms
DOMINION

often

used,

Dental

the mainstay of charlatanism."

It is
Journal, it is termed
followers than does
but true, that mystery attracts
more
peculiar,
of electricity
has
truth ; thus the intangibleand wonderful
nature
made
it a tempting bait by which
to catch the dollars of a gullible,
because
ignorant,community.
Electrical
will produce certain effects in the animal
currents
organism, such as congestion,depletion,stimulation,spasmodic
all
of use, but are
not
contraction,etc.,according to the method
"

ORIGINAL
these

COMMUNICATIONS

easilyproduced by
pleasant?
as

The

value

received

of the

induced

considerable

vibrator

in different

result of

of

other

fullyas

means

current

attention

on

167

or

my

accessible

local

and

anaesthetic

part, for I have

forms, in extracting,
lancing and

used

as

has
the

filling.The

twenty-fivecases, in which great care was

taken
the effect upon
that
the patients,
to observe
goes to show
primarilythe current has a very slightbenumbing effect upon the
soft tissues,
this effect being far short of anaesthesia ; secondarily^
that the substitution of sensation is an important element, the pain
and unfamiliar
sudden
sensation of the
being forgottenin the more
and, strange to say, most
galvaniccurrent ; and lastly,
important,
the patient's
conception of the relative intensityof pain.
Of the twenty-fiveabove
mentioned, about five claimed that the
ably
absolutelypainless; ten thought the pain consideroperationwas
study

alleviated
the current
and
while

one

; of the

worse

at

some

than

least,who

he felt the

remainder,
that
was

an

few

of extraction

considered
;

few

the
were

shock

of

doubtful,

stated
engineer by profession,

that

diverted
pain of extraction, his attention was
by
the pecuHar sensation
caused
This
last patient
by the current.
the coolest and most
of the lot,and
was
intelligent
consequently
in
of
the
He
had
the
most
matter.
capable
judgment
opinion to
which
I plead adherence.
It is evident from these closelyobserved
ous
cases, and from numerothers at various
that the effect is almost
intervals,
entirely
mental, dependent upon the expectancy and the pain standard, so
of the subjectwould
of itself
to speak,of the patient. This branch
furnish matter
for a paper ; certainly
it has been frequentlyoverlooked
of
local anaesthesia.
in the study
Two
in that interesting
cases
are
worthy of notice : A lady,who was
condition
of the species,was
continuance
to the
necessary
have
troublesome
to
a
brought to my surgery by her husband
lateral extracted.
He
desired greatly to have
the operation performed
with as little resultant shock as possible. Fearing that a
shock
sudden
results,I arranged the
might produce untoward
vibrator,and having told her that she could expect but slight
the tooth, being careful not
to turn
on
inconvenience, extracted
the current.
She was
delightedwith the result,and said that she
scarcelyfelt the tooth coming out at all. Whatever
qualms of

i68

DOMINION

conscience
than

next

fear

and

battery
of

couple
a

par

my

and

difficult

scored

so

dental

another

of

are

you

external

even

brilliant

previous

case

as

the

and

for

success

for

example,

an

handles

extracted

the

came

asked

and

satisfaction

utmost

principle

the

to

is in the

lancing

its

slightly though
the

the

current

and

with

truly

I found

the

to

the

tooth,

the

of

patient,
electro-

omnipotent

is

smallest

than

the

highest

possible degree

this

to

and

furnish

can

careless

unprofessional
permit

"

has

at

whose

intelligent

is

of

draw

the
end

discussion.

been
hands

and

As

left unsaid
it cannot

"

to

for

but

this

pulps

purpose,

examine

may

which

direct

its

here

secure

said
leave
an

science

will

results

been

and

skilful

and

electrical
which

the

laborious

though

the

has

with

operators

decision

that

will

of

combined

from

much

as

to

leisure.

through

escape

same

owing

removal

you

appliance

nor

to

the

your

convinced

method
dentist

is

the

effect.

end

most

sensitive
hyper-

successful

more

of

conclusions.

own

your

excellence

is the

pain,

of

Applying

appliance

at

injection

gum

pain.

here, and

of

degree

incapability.

much

you,

The

construction

further

am

neither

unskilful

and

dentine

useless.

desired

much

manipulation,

sensitive

the

to

slightly

strives, and

surgical dentistry
route

to

you

experimented,

looking

secure

of

prevention

vibrator

of

worse

which

water

pure

the

advantage

great

superficial benumbing

excavation

formidable

To

of

vibrator, I leave

In

In

what

of

aware

application

patient

with

the

to

one,

shambles,

chair,

She

origin.

order, I attached
the

near

English

vibrator.

Most

least

were

the

of

out

the

to

more

were

broken

whose

Canadian

lamb

course

operation.
lady

young

French

like

being
that

wires

somewhat

electricity." With

"

defensible

"){ the

of

undoubted

JOURNAL

hardly

success

that

trembling

extraction
and

the

was

of

this

by

by

case

evidence

gave
in

caused

were

compensated

The

DENTAL

enable
of
as

his
time

the

unbiassed

at

the
own

will

subject
and

PROCEEDINGS

OF

SOCIETIES

Proceedings

of

Societies.

Geo.

By

H.

Association,

Dental

Ontario

Eastern

169

L.D.S., Secretary

Weagant,

Meeting of the Eastern Ontario Dental

in the
held
Association
was
Frontenac,
parlor of the Hotel
Kingston, Ont., June 29th and 30th, 1892, the president,J. H.
The

Annual

Thirteenth

Parnell, L.D.S., in the chair.

Sparks introduced to the association Mayor Mclntyre,

comed
address, welKingston, who, in a very eloquent and courteous

Dr. R. E.
of

of the Eastern

the members

Ontario

Dental

Association

to

cityof Kingston.
admitted
The
to membership in the
followinggentlemen were
Oliver
W.
H.
Steele,L.D.S., Arnprior ;
Martin, L.D.S.,
society:
Montreal; D. A. Black, L.D.S.,Kingston; C. G. Stackhouse, L.D.S.,
Ottawa
L.D.S., Napanee ; C. A. Terry, L.D.S.,
; C. D. Wartman,
A.
Newmarket
H.
L.D.S. Gananoque.
Mabee,
;
The
elected officers for the ensuing
were
followingmembers
C.
Bower, L.D.S., Ottawa, President ; A. A. S. Burns,
year : J.
H. Weagant, L.D.S.,
L.D.S., Smith's Falls,Vice-President
; Geo.
Cornwall, Secretary-Treasurer.
then
The
read
by Dr. J. H.
retiringpresident'saddress was
the historic

Parnell,of Ottawa.
devoted
to
clinics,held in Dr. R. E.
Thursday morning was
of
his method
Sparks' office. Dr. Brace, Brockville,demonstrated
making cast aluminum
plates. Dr. Stackhouse, Kingston, gave a
clinic on
furnace.
Dr. W.
H.
porcelainwork, using Beacock's
of vitrous oxide
Steele,Arnprior,gave a clinic on administration
gas.
At

o'clock p.m. the members

of the association
invitation to a complimentary sail among
the Thousand
was

by the Kingston dentists.

and
trulyan enjoyableaffair,

of a number
presence
board the boat.
The
In the

evening

of

The

ladies.

meeting

much

about

more

Robertson

anaesthetic
Dr. Beers
shock."

"
"

Is there

danger

any

seven

in

trip

by

served

were

at

Geo. Beers, of Montreal, then read a paper

upon
Observations
during Pregnancy and Menstruation."
Dr.

the

so

the
on

o'clock.

called to order

was

an

dered
Islands,ten-

and
perfect,

was

made

Refreshments

party returned

the

day

was

W.

no

accepted

one

Dr.

8.30,and
"

Some

New

extractingwith

an

during pregnancy?"
"
"

I think

not.

If

woman

is

unconscious, there

is

170

DOMINION

Dr. Hanna
pregnancy
Dr. Beers

danger

"
"

account

of

tooth

for

the

The

'*
"

woman

abortion.

to avoid

Dr.
them

have

to

me

extractingduring

Her

accident

no

In

"

tooth

had

said she

three

extracted

miscarriages

refused
the

extract

to

her

tooth, at

occurred."

of the teeth of young

which begin to
girls,
with what
would
recommend
occurs,
you

case

menstruation
be filled?"

to

Dr.

to

alreadyhad
decayed
physicianhad
fear of miscarriage. I extracted

Sparks
as

in

of abortion,"

teeth.

"

decay

to fear
danj^^crs

came

She

request, and

earnest

the

arc

JOURNAL

"

Dr. Hanna

on

What

"
"

DENTAL

Beers

"

them

invariablyrecommend

be

kept in a
thoroughly clean condition.
Generally fill with gutta-percha,
Have
or
no
oxyphosphates.
objectionto fillwith gold ; but generally
defer filling
at that period."
Dr. Hanna, of Kemptville,read a paper
Treatment
of
upon
and
Devitalized
Exposed
Pulps."
Dr. Ira Bower
find as good results in capDoes
Dr. Hanna
ping
in patientsof the age of eighteenor twenty ?
nerves
"

to

"

"

"

"

Dr. Hanna

I find

"
"

Dr. C. A. Martin

"

gutta-perchaalone
Dr. Hanna

between
use

carried

more

Dr.

Hanna

through

"

Would

as

result of

experiencein
by gutta-percha

induced

was

can

to pass
fingers,
rolled
in the
gold,
easilyto end of
"

me

not

congested."
always get gutta-percha,rolled

"

"

object in using gold,and

irritation

the gums
You

the

able to

or,

Martin

is the

capping?"
suggestedto

I found

I also found

Dr. C. A.

"

was

family.

own
my
alone.

Dr.

It

"
"

What

"

in

difference."

no

end

to

of root.

same

root

fear

way,
?

with

Would

be

not

you

chlora-percha,
to

be

"

chlora-perchawould

entirely

pass

canal."

Beacock, of Brockville,read
Microbes, and what they are

"

Micro-organisms,"
doing." (Will appear in next
on

paper

issue). Ed.
"

Burns, of Smith's

Dr. A. A.

decrease

noticed

in

the

extraction."
liable to

use

common

Dr. Clements
and

method

using
Dr.

number

of
of

cases

Cobwebs,

dangerous to
is the

in the British

x'\lsoin

occur.

of
warm

paper

entitled

"

sive
Exces-

after Extraction."

Hemorrage
Dr. Beers

Falls,read

on

Denial

Journal

"

that there

hemorrhage
dysmenorhcea,hemorrhage is
of

cases

of

account

severe

was

after
more

being full of microbes,are

hemorrhage. The best stypticI know

or
puff-ball,
gigaitteiim.
Lycoperdo7t
of hemorrhage after extraction,
cited a severe
case
of taking an impression,
stoppingby the simple means
in

case

of

beeswax.

McEllinney,of Ottawa,
Applied to Dentistry."

read

paper

entitled

"

as
Electricity

McElHnney also exhibited

includinga lamp to be
appliances,
Dr.

Dr. S. S. Davidson
It

decided

was

to

cited two
hold

SOCIETIES

OF

PROCEEDINGS

the

ingenious electric
operationsat night.
in his pracinterestingcases
tice.
number

of

in

used

very

of the

meeting

next

171

association

at

Cornwall.

National

The

Ninth

Dental

Association

Annual

Faculties

was

of Dental

of

Meeting
held

at

the

the

Faculties.

National

Cataract

Association

of

House, Niagara Falls,

commencing Monday, August i, 1892.

follows :
as
Twenty-six collegeswere
represented,
Baltimore
of
Dental
B.
Winder.
College
Surgery R.
Boston
Dental
College J. A. Follett.
W. Brophy,
Chicago College of Dental Surgery Truman
Dental
Fillebrown.
Harvard
Thomas
University,
Department
Kansas
City Dental College J. D. Patterson.
Missouri
Dental
versity
College,Dental Department of Washington Uni"

"

"

"

"

"

New

W.

H.

Eames.

York

College of Dentistry Frank Abbott.

Ohio College of Dental Surgery H. A. Smith.
Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery C. N. Peirce.
PhiladelphiaDental College J. E. Garretson.
A. O. Hunt.
Universityof Iowa, Dental Department
Universityof Michigan, Dental Department J. Taft
Universityof Pennsylvania,Dental Department James Truman.
Vanderbilt
University,Dental Department W. H. Morgan.
Northwestern
College ot Dental Surgery B. J.Roberts.
Louisville College of Dentistry Francis Peabody.
Dental
Indiana
College J. E. Cravens.
Northwestern
E. D. Swain.
UniversityDental School
Dental
of
Southern
Medical
Department
College Wm. Crenshaw.
Dental
Department of Universityof Tennessee
J. P. Gray.
School of Dentistry of Meharry Medical
Department of Central
Tennessee
G.
W.
Hubbard.
College
Universityof Maryland, Dental Department John C. Uhler.
Columbian
H. C. Thompson.
University,Dental Department
Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario
J. Branston Will"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

"

mott.

American

College of Dental Surgery John S. Marshall.

Universityof Denver, Dental Department
George J. Hartung.
The ad interim committee
reported that it had investigateda
charge preferredagainst the University of Maryland, Dental
Department, by the College of Dentistryof the Universityof Call"

"

DOMINION

172

DENTAL

fornia,of graduating a person

that it found
had

so

that

no

JCJUKNAL

in less time

than

rule of the association

reported to the partiesin interest

effort for the reinstatement

had

; that

of the American

the rules demanded

been
it had

violated,and
dismissed

Collegeof Dental

an

gery,
Sur-

of the committee, with

Chicago,as not within the jurisdiction
to reorganizethe collegebefore attempting to influence
the association to change its action, which reorganization
has since
been accomplished.
The committee
also stated that its value in settling
such matters
made
had been
that it
so
clearlyapparent that it recommended
should be made
tion,
a standing committee, to be elected
by the associainstead of being appointed by the president.
The report was
received and placed on file,
and the recommendation
with regard to the status of the committee
was
adopted.
The followingresolutions,
laid over
from last year, were
adopted:
of charges against any college,
final
Resolved, That in case
no
action shall be taken until all partiesconcerned
shall have at least
thirtydays' notice.
Resolved,That at all future meetings of the National Association
of Dental
of
the delegates shall consist of members
Faculties
the advice

faculties,and
The

will not

demonstrators

also
followingresolutions,

the table

known

after

less than

upon
as

from

last year,

were

laid

on

Resolved,That
be not

over

be received.

seven

June, 1893, the yearly course

months,

clinical instruction
intermediate

Resolved,That

two

months

in the

of which

of

may
the
of
infirmary

study shall
be attendance

school,now

infirmarycourses.

or

after the session of

1892-3,four years in the study

of

dentistrybe requiredbefore graduation.

The followingresolutions lie over
under the rules :
Offered by Dr. Winder,
Resolved,That hereafter graduates of pharmacy be placed on the
same
footingas graduatesof medicine, and be entitled to enter the
second-yearor juniorclass,
subjectto the examination
requirements
of each college.
Offered by the Executive
Committee,
cessive
to have a representative
Any collegefailing
present for two sucshall
be
sessions without
dropped
satisfactory
explanation,
from the roll of membership of this association.
of
The chair,having been asked for a rulingupon
the admission
the
that
under
decided
the
of
graduates
pharmacy to
juniorclass,
freshman
rules they could only be admitted
or
to the first-year
"

"

class.
The

Executive

Committee

after

of the

report recommending

the

bership,
Collegeof Dental Surgery to full memof
the
Marshall
ganization
reorDr.
an
explanation by
was
unanimously adopted.
college,

restoration of the American

which,

offered

OF

PROCEEDINGS

SOCIETIES

173

reported on the applicationof the

Western
Dental
College,of Kansas City,recommending that it lie
The
for one
over
adopted.
report was
year.
of
the
Committee
The
Executive
recommending the
report
Medical
College,
rejectionof the application of the Tennessee
in conDental
ferring
Department, of Knoxville, Tenn., for irregularities
the degree of D.D.S. and in the receptionof students, was
adopted.
The
University, Dental
application of Howard
Department,
for
laid
was
over
one
Washington, D.C.,
year.
The
followingapplicationsfor membership, also reportedby the
The

Executive

Executive

Committee

Committee, lie over

States

United

the rules

under

Dental

College,Chicago.
Homoeopathic Hospital College,Dental Department, Cleveland.
Detroit College of Medicine, Department of Dental
Surgery.
The
Committee
of
the
Executive
recommending that the
report
Baltimore
tion
College of Dental Surgery be censured
by the associafor conferringthe degree of Doctor
of Dental
Surgery upon
Charles
F. Forsham, M.A., LL.D., of Bradford, England, m absentia
and
honorarily,in violation of the rules of the association,was
adopted.
Dr. Truman
offered an
amendment
to the rule regarding the
of
of
the
Doctor
of
Dental
conferring
Surgery honorarily,
degree
absolutelyprohibitingthe exercise of that privilegeto the members
of the

being

association,but the amendment

the

general

that

sense

against the unworthy

Dr. Cravens
which

offered the

over

goes
Amend
Article

Art.
the

VII.

United

under

Any

present rule is a
bestowal
of the honor.

so

guard
sufficient safe-

to the

followingamendment

the rules

VII.

lost,after discussion,it

was

the

constitution,

that it shall read

reputable dental

as

follows

college,located

in any

State

of

ting
representedin this body upon submitCommittee
to the Executive
credentials,signing
satisfactory
the constitution,conforming to the rules and
regulationsof this
be made.
as
body, and paying such assessments
may
The
association
adopted a protest against the classification of
dentists as
Bill No. 7696,
manufacturers, as provided in House
known
the Wilcox
as
Bill,and againstthe collection of statistics
from dentists under its provisions,
the grounds that dentists are
on
in any
manufacturers
not
not
facture,
being engaged in the manusense,
sale of any product having a merchandisable
or
fabrication,
value

States,may

; that all the laws

Territories and

be

heretofore

the District of Columbia

; and

that

professionalmen
would
be an injusticenot only

as

that

such

passed

statistics

if collected

the
to

States and

distinctly
recognizedentists
to

attempt

them

would

in the various

but

to

collect

their

be valueless

to

statistics

patients,and
the Govern-

DOMINION

174

because

mcnt

showing

DKNTAL

the

J(;UKNAL

productsof

class of

engaged

not

men

in manufactures.
offered by
following,

The

Resolved, That

the

recent

of this resolution

be forwared
from
of

courses

arranged

Faculties

Dental

of the

demand

Census

all statistical reports,

the dental professionand

dentists

are

from

exempted

of 1890 ; and that a copy

chief of the Census
Bureau.
Post-Graduate
Dental
Association
census

the

States,suggestingthe establishment

of the United
of short

of

adopted

of

return

to

the

and

between

agreement

communication

for

by the colleges
teachingespecially
designed and

trainingand

received

was
practitioners,

referred

and

to

the

Committee.

Executive

of

Compend
Students, by Dr.

manuscript
for Dental

referred to the committee

Dr. Marshall offered the

of Dental

of Materia
E. L.

and

macy
Phar-

of Chicago, was
Clifford,

text-books,with

on

Medica

power

to

act.

followingresolution,which was adopted :

the secretary be instructed to notifythe National

Resolved,That

of Dental

Association

upon
The

the

statistical reports for the

making

The

States

also

was

Association
write

lawyers,physiciansand

Bureau,

National

United

of the

as, under

said

Winder,

that their alumni

recommends
Bureau

the

Dr.

Faculties

Examiners
considers

it

that the
out

of the L.D.S.

the relative values

of its
and

National

Association

legislate
degrees.
ensuing year : J. D.

province

to

D.D.S.

elected officers for the

followingwere
Patterson, Kansas City,President ; H. A. Smith, Cincinnati,ViceA. Smith,
President ; J. E. Cravens, Indianapolis,
Secretary
; H.
Abbott
of
F.
New
Taft
of Cincinnati,
Treasurer
Cincinnati,
York, J.
;
of Iowa
and
A. O. Hunt
Committee
City, Executive
;
of
Frank
Abbott
of New
York,
Philadelphia,
James Truman
President

The
A.

of

Fillebrown

Thomas

and

Boston, Ad

S. H.

the

Committee

; T. W.
; C. N. Peirce,Philadelphia

Chicago
Adjourned

to

meet

Committee.

Schools, Drs. J.
Guilford, Philadelphia; E. D. Swain,

appointed as

Follett,Boston

Interim

at the call of the

on

Brophy, Chicago.

Executive

Committee.

Editorial.

Special Number.
The

of valuable

amount

material

presentedat

the various

ciations,
Asso-

order to

so
great that, in
year, has become
readers as earlyas possible,
have been
we

forced

the size of this number.

at

season

of the

placeit before our

to largelyincrease

from
efforts
number

this

are

of

the

We

ever,
feel,how-

encouraging letters we receive,that our

and that there is an ever-increasing
being appreciated,
well-wishers to the national professional
journal.
numerous

DOMINION

JOURNAL.

DENTAL
Vol.

IV.

TORONTO,

NOVEMBER,

6.

No.

1892.

Original Communications.

and

Microbes,

D.

By

There

three

are

Now,
and

how

note

Another
as

the

viscous

Greek
stink.

the

result

of

defines

He

as

his

One

blood.

One

generate

dead

says

the

medical

an

or

the

it consists

of

watery,

pus

may

purulent

or

is pus.

be defined

inflammation.

the

pus

surface

of

the word

is called

puya,

as

serous,

healthy
and

may

or

bland,

sores.

is from

the

meaning

corpuscles,liquor puris,and
be

the

ulcer.

on

Sanscrit

dentists,

matter

of

is

pus.

Another,

dictionary,defines

in abscesses

or

it may

us

product

of

matter

wound

open

physicians

tells

well-known

in

ultimately calcify.
12

of

soon

Hunter, in his dictionary,states

says

or

any

sore,

histologicalparticles,and
ichorous

number

An

pathological state, pyogenia.

Latin, and

and

; these

will vary.

is dead

fluid found

Robert

microbes.

floatinggerms

answers

pus
in

Thomas,

tion,
produce septic fermenta-

produces ptomaines.

Ask

of

matter

cream-like
Dr.

to

replies,pus

Webster
Dr.

fermentation

is pus

what

and

Doing.

Brockville, Ont

requisiteto

moisture

invitation

constant

Are

They

Beacock,

conditions

viz.,warmth,

Pathogenic

V.

What

to

other

laudable, sanious,
become

cheesy

and

DOMINION

176
In Cleveland's

dictionaryvvc

by suppuration,a
Virchow

DENTAL

cream-like

calls pus

dead

JOURNAL

find pus

defined

heavier than
fluid,

as

matter

produced

water.

destroyed tissue.
Dr. Black's is undoubtedly the best definition ever
He
given us.
defines pus as the liquefaction
of the plastic
exudate, by the operation
of microbes, death
of the ameboid
from
the
cells,
changed
chemical

of their matrix.

of these ameboid

matrix

them

character

they

called white

or

die,and
blood

cells
the

so

Here

we

mass

it fails to

is pus.

These

leucocyteswhen
the tissues,
they are

corpusclesor

blood, when

the exudate

that

changed

resultant

see

they

or

support
cells

are

are

in the

called ameboid
or
they are outside in
wandering cells. They pass into the tissues from the blood vessels
which
out
means
a
by a process called diapedsis,
oozing through withcells
These
rupturingthe walls of the vessels confiningthem.
the white blood corpuscles,
or
more
nective
are
properlyundeveloped conof their functions in nature
is to repair
tissue walls,and one
thrown
out
injuries.The plasticexudate
during the process of

inflammation, forms

develop. They

the

matrix

always

are

in

found

which

imbedded

these
in

ameboid

it,and

cells

solutely
it is ab-

es.sential to their final

development into livingtissue.

not
By ameboid
only the capabilityof free
propertiesis meant
but the possessionof a power
enables a cell to
which
movement,
take foreignparticles
into its interior.
An
exposed pulp is in a similar condition to an open wound,
be kept entirelyfree from contact
with pus producand both must
ing
If once
they enter this plasticexudate, it begins to
germs.
character is changed, it fails to support the
liquefy,its chemical
ameboid
as
cells,
consequentlythey die; they are then known
pus
corpuscles.
wounds
this process
In open
always takes place on the outer
tinue
or
surface; these ameboid
undeveloped connective tissue cells conof them
of livinggranulations,
some
to pileup in the form
formed
that ou,^ht to have
floatingaway in the liquefyingmass
is kept constantly
exudate
In this way the matrix
their niatrix.
or
filled with ameboid
cells,
tions.
tending to develop into healthygranulaof this plastic
On
of some
the contrary, the liquefaction
exudate

carries off

If the

commonly

former
known

of these cells in the form

some

exceed
as

the

latter

first intention

of pus.

is
process, healing by what
the other
takes place; if on

ORIGINAL

COMMUNICATIONS

hand, the latter process

the

exceeds

177

former, destruction

of tissue is

the result.
of the

accumulation

products of the pyogenic fungi

in the pus of abscesses,renderingit unfit for the continued
occurs
growth of the fungi which produced it. The operation of the
limited to the fresh exudates
thrown
in from
fungus thus becomes
The

the

This

wound.

is in

waste

turn

limited

as

the

walls

of

the

wound

cells,that is, living

solidlypacked with ameboid
Microbes
of pus formawhich
is not so readilyattacked.
tion
matter
themselves
maintain
cannot
continuouslyin contact with living
is one
of the best
healthy tissue. This is a plainproof that vitality
where
the
found, whether
germicides. All pus, no matter
upon
surface,in closed abscesses,or situated deep within the livingtissues,
is filled with micro-organisms.
is to obtain the healingof wounds
The aim of the modern
surgeon
without suppuration. To this end he eliminates all micro-organisms,
of germs
and uses
to the wound.
dressingsto prevent the access
dentist appliesthe same
The
principlein his treatment
intelligent
and
inflammations
and abscesses
of exposed pulps. Chronic
acute
the same
due
to
of the mouth
are
pathologicalconditions which
produce like results elsewhere in the body.
Modern
asepticdentistryconsists in sterilization by germicides,
A fresh wound, if made
will heal by first
dessication, etc.
aseptic,
in any manallowed
to enter
intention ; but if pyogenic germs
are
ner
become

more

whatever,
not

are

In all those

time,

as

pus

will be formed

we

trouble

ensue,

septics
provided anti-

carefullyused.
cases

where

in the removal

operator,

and

should

never

of

pulp chamber
livingpulp,or

the
a

have

an

abscess

is
a

opened for the first

pulp destroyed by

occur,

the

indeed, it should

impossibleexcept through direct infection.

do almost
An
physician or dentist can now
intelligent
anything
conforms
he
and
methods.
to aseptic
he pleases,
providing
antiseptic
In this way
bacteriologymay be said to have revolutionized the
theory and practiceof dentistryand medicine.
clean wound
to preserve
from septic
a
means
Aseptic treatment
the prevention of
infection.
Antiseptic treatment
simply means
The one
be said to preof existingtrouble.
further extension
may
vent
it.
For
similar
other
septics
antito
the
a
reason
fire,
extinguish
disinfectants
not
are
; they do not destroymicro-organisms.
be

DOMINION

lyS

DENTAL

JCjURNAL

they only prevent or inhibit their growth. A germicide may be all

three,antiseptic,
germicide and disinfectant.
To
the physiologist,
bacteria are subjectsof the greatest interest.
in which
Only think of the occult manner
they produce the deadly
and poisonous ptomaines,the mysterious character of fermentation,
is in numerous
which
instances produced by them, lactic fermentation
the souring of milk, ammoniacal
mentation
or
fermentation, vinous ferthe rotting
of fish,
and other nitrogenoussubstances
meat
:
is the result of the ceaseless activity
in fact,all putrefaction
of these
countless organisms.
When
bacteria and their
we
investigateor carefullyexamine
of
reach the very climax
we
doings,from a pathological
standpoint,
In fact,nature's most
dire
wonder, wars, pestilenceand famine.
cataclysm sinks into insignificance
compared with the destructive
work
of these pathogenic and infinitesimal organisms. It is fortunate
for the human
that only a small proportion of bacteria,
race
comparatively speaking,are pathogenic ; the great majority are
In
benign,their great work being for good in the world's economy.
of
the elements
actingthe part of scavengers, they simply return
with renewed
activities
organizationback to their originalsource
for newer
and higher combinations.
lives by changes wrought in the chemical
us
Every man
among
Each
of us is dailyproducof his environment.
constituents
one
ing
food
as
changes in quantitiesof chemical compounds known
material,and constantlygiving it back to the material world in
is doing no
chemical
forms
completely changed. The microbe
more

The

Bacteria

farmers

barren

waste

our

not

isolated
mouth

some

family of

the

well

useful,for without

as

digestionis
benign germs, and
doubt

for

benign

little better than

have

our

bodies,no

as

that
no

till. Even

as

enemy,

to

occupy

purpose,

is his

them

desert

certain extent

millions

beneficent

germ

or

pendent
deevery

although

realize it.

Paradoxical
true

necessary

gardenerswould

to

the

portionof
may

are

and

on

we

is man's

pathogenic germ

friend.
our

less.

no

or

the above

many

less than
of these

of

may

these

seventeen

dissolved

starch into sugar.

appear

germs

it is nevertheless
at first sight,
are

different

physiological.Pasteur
micro-oganisms in the

albumen, caseine, and

It therefore

others

verted
con-

follows that the fermentative

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

in food

change they produce

Even

the very

is

that these

pus

179

important

most

feature

micro-organismshave

in

been

tion.
diges-

so

sistent
per-

elaboratinghas a beneficial purpose as a remedial process,

such as granulation,
etc.,and frequentlytakes the placeof far more
of removing
morbid
It also affords a mechanical
means
processes.
bits of broken
foreignbodies,e.g.,thorns,splinters,
glass,etc.,from
soft parts into which
they may have been driven,and likewise in
in

the formation

of

from

matter

sometimes

serve

morbid

to eliminate

the system.

All nature
herbs

abscesses,may
in

moves

spring from

the

change

continuous

earth,air and

of

cycles.

; herbiverous

water

Gra.ss and

animals

live

of food.

these,thus changing the constituents into other forms

These
and animals, and are again
again are eaten by man

changed

into

and

thrive

on

forms

other

food

material, making

be

to

for

again

microbes

transformed

and

into

finallyreturned

other
to

the

originated. Thus we see the whole

animal
be said to be preying on each other; even
world may
one
set of microbes
are
destroyed and eaten by others (phagocytism),
and these again by others, so that Swift's coupletis quite applicable
earth

from

which

they

all

:
"

"

The

Out

of the

fleas that do

very

us

tease,

And

lesser fleas to bite them,

these again have lesser fleas

And

so

Have

ad infinitu7n.^''

eightdifferent

by which the animal tissues

enabled to protect themselves
are
against the action of bacteria,
there are
which
two
are
viz.,phagocytism, and what
very efficient,
the bactericidal condition.
be denominated
Phagocytism,
may
whether
under
normal
of the
or
pathologicalconditions, is one
manifestations
cellular

Under

of vis

medicatrix

activityprevents
the

latter

processes

the

chemical

Under

nature.

development
condition

and

this

increase

is induced,which

condition,
of microorganisms.

only
growth

not

destroysmicrobes, reduces their nutrition,but retards their

and multiplication.
It is by the activity
of the ameboid
cell or phagocyte that the gills
and tails of tadpolesare
removed
during their metamorphosis.
Between
the pyogenic microbe
and the phagocyte there is a constant
war

even

unto

death.

DENTAL

DOMINION

i8o

JOURNAL

reallyaggressivein
phagocyte cells were
attacking pyogenic organisms, caused to be inserted, under the
skin of a dog, a small capsule of glasswith only a minute
opening
in one
end.
Into this capsule he had previouslyinjected
a quantity
of Agar-Agar
infected
with staphlococci. The
capsule,after a
sufficient time, was
from among
The
the tissues.
removed
cytes
phagoHess,

to

were

You

prove

that the

found

to

have

all

the

was

maintained.

heard

speak, by

the
vessels.

cocci.

read

MetchnicofTs

of

vivid

scription
de-

The

aim

likens

the

forces
resisting

is to

arrival

of the

vasomotor

of the invader

is to

live at the expense

encircle

; the

enemy,

graphed,
tele-

was

line of

munication,
com-

representedby the
the territory,
secure

of the

injuriousto
the

invaders

nerves

mobilization,were

circulate substances

and

and

with

or

of the

of

avenues

multiplyrapidly,to

to

He

Notice

to

so

An

doubt

abscess.

an

and

blood

engorged

to a warfare,
specificinflammation
which
the invadingarmy
is representedby micro-organisms,
resistingforce by leucocytes. Even in details the analogy

of

in

no

be

host,and

him.

inclose

The

to

aim

facture
manu-

of the

him, digesthim,

Many phagocytes die in the process,

and if in largenumbers, the heaps of the slain represent pus.
abscess therefore is a battle-ground,
densely packed with dead
render

him

inert in battle.

bodies.
As

dentists
in the

of

becoming

we

have

to

admit

that

pyogenic fungi are

mouth, consequently every wound

infected

Dr. Miller says

by

we

ever

inflict is in

sent
pre-

peril

them.

that every

tooth extracted

which

is not

performed

is nothing less than an

inoculation,
antisepticprecautions,
and whether
the subjectproves
refractoryor not will depend upon
a
varietyof circumstances, such as the size of the wound, resistance
of the parts, the character
number
of bacteria enteringthe
and
of the patient.
wound, the health and vitality
mouth
in his own
Dr. Sternberg says
he found
all times,
at
sufficient microbes
in the saliva to kill a rabbit in twenty-eight
hours after being injected.
Microbes
produce disease by manufacturing substances by their
physiological
ous
processes of growth and development,which is injurito health.
Many are found to be quite harmless, others are
dangerous in the highestdegree.
Microbes
be carried through the circulation to a focus of
may
under

ORIGINAL

inflammation, and
if the
a

ear

in

wound

COMMUNICATIONS

there

of

the

an

stance,
For insuppurating process.
is injected
with pus forming microbes,
of the body may
become
infected

set

up

animal

extremities

through the circulation.

It is quiteevident that

i"i

microbes

of
easilybecome the cause
of our
For instance, a wandering corpuscle from
diseases.
many
debilitated part
some
suppuratingtissue,gettingentangled in some
of the system, begins its work of generation,and
thus boils,carbuncles,
other serious troubles result. These
and many
swellings,
cells or
be remembered, until
corpusclesare not the cause, it must
demoralized
they have become
by microbes or ptomaines.
It is still a matter
of doubt as to what and how these ptomaines
waste
or
productsare produced. In many cases they are the excreta
of microbes
themselves, in other cases
they are the result of the
splitting
complex substance,or coalescingof simpler
up of more
bodies
of molecular
of the compounds
state
by the disturbance
caused by the growth of the micro-organism. Waste
products of
microbes
are
analogous to the waste productsof the other forms of
Hfe.
In a largeproportionof cases
they are active poisons. They
are
always poisonous to the form of life that produced them, that
certain proportions. Strange as it may
is,providing they exceed
from the above, it will be seen
that microbes
facture
actuallymanuappear
their own
which
germicides,as certain substances
they
elaborate
the excreta
of germs
which
are
are
poisonous to them,
is poison to it.
of any animal
justas the excreta
Prof. Hamilton
is the immediate
asks : What
of putrefaccause
tion,
and of septicemia,
blood poisoning,if bacteria are not? and
or
is the resultant products of bacteria,
his belief that the cause
states
known
as
ptomaines, which have been found to be crystalline
may

alkaloids.
Dr. Black

mentions

that

he

has often

passed a platinum suture

wire,after making it red-hot, to disinfect it,into a foul root canal,

and then into stiffcultivating
media, four or five inches,and has seen
the

development

end

to

of microbes

the other.

Now, he asks, if these

in this way
into stiff gelatine

what
root

may
canal

we

along the

expect

from

with
a

track

of the

organisms

smooth
perfectly

barbed

broach

thrust

wire
can

from

one

be carried

platinum wire,
through a foul

into the

Prof. Miller

healthy tissue beyond ?

the literature
states,in looking over

of the

he
subject,

i82

had

DOMINION

found

diseased

cases
fifty

of death

from

teeth,or

DENTAL

dental

antisepticprecautions;
hundreds

of such

resultingfrcjm abscesses caused by

operationsperformed without proj)er

and

but

JOURNAL

doubtless

says,

the

there

have

been

willingto have
them
made
public. Serious results may also follow the wounding
of the soft parts of the mouth, by the accidental
slippingof germ
laden burs,drills,
excavators, etc.,while working on the teeth. A
her
wound
lady graduate had the misfortune to accidentally
young
fingerwhile using the dental engine. The wound proved fatal.
You

cases,

is
practitioner

doubt, be inclined

will,no

to

not

ask, What

has

all this to do

with

think
to those who
dentistry? I can only answer, very little,
consists in simply knowing how to manipulate the
our
profession
On
the other hand, it means
a
gas-bag,forcepsand vulcanizer.
as
being a branch of the
great deal to those who look upon dentistry
or entrance
to the system,
healingart. The mouth being the portal,
much
it exerts
a
our
general health than
greater influence over
either patients
or
physiciansare willingto admit.
Only think for
a

that

moment,

the mouth

at
may
and thus

infection in many
ways,
the most
dangerous diseases,and
be

brought about by

any

lay the

some

the dentist's

time

become

foundation

of the

or
inability

the
for

focus
some

of
of

of these may
hoves
carelessness.
It beworst

acquainted with the

is filled
with
science of bacteriology,
for the literature of medicine
triumphalrecords of asepticand antiseptic
surgery.
that
with
who
has
himself
this subjectknows
Anyone
occupied
the loss of appetite,
and generalill-health are often brought
nausea,
about by improper attention to the mouth, causinga chronic state
the productsbeing absorbed
of putrefaction,
brane,
memby the mucous
with serious results to the generalhealth,and these patients
in a
retored to good health by simply putting the mouth
finally
us

as

dentists

make

ourselves

well

disease

that

condition.

normal

Tuberculosis
from

to

one

is

person

an

to

infectious

another, and

is caused

is

readilyconveyed
by a micro-organism

lungs. Expectorationfollows ; the bacilli are in

the sputa, these may
lodge in a decayed tooth, on the gums, or in
occurred to any of you
other parts of the oral cavity. Has it ever
of a
be conveyed from the mouth
that these micro-organismsmay
of a healthyperson, for it is said that
consumptive to the mouth
in the
of an instrument
when
direct inoculation occurs
by means
hands of a dentist or physician,
it is almost certain to prove fatal ?
which

attacks

the

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

think

I sometimes

restingupon
:

which

We

dentists

as

us

there

realize

not

in

regard to

lancet,or

the gum

use

do

we

the

fearful

responsibility

this matter.

extract

the

specificulcers;

are

183

Let

tooth

instruments

in

me

mouth

covered

are

trate
illusin
with

wipe or clean them off,or at least we think we do,

and
imagine that they are clean, while in realitythey are in the
best possible condition
for inoculation ; an
innocent
lady takes
her seat in your beautifully
upholsteredchair,her gums are lanced,
What
with this same
instrument.
is likelyto
tooth extracted
a
or
I will leave
be the result,I ask, of such a slip-shodperformance?
conclusions, and say nothing of the long
you to draw
your own

infecting
pus

train of

we

that

iinfortitnate
consequences

ing
to succeed-

follow,even

may

gefte rations.
It

minds
that all
our
strongly impressed upon
instruments
should be not merely cleansed,but thoroughlysterilized
after use, or the next
inoculated.
confidingpatientmay become
We
should
remember
that the law of asepsisrules every
ever
of antiseptic
work, and in no department
part of the great territory
than in dentistry.
more
If cleanliness is next
to godlinessanywhere, it is certainly
doubly
so

be

cannot

too

in the mouth.

Cases

By

In December
tooth.

Upon

abscessed

S. S.

A. M.

examination
central

applied for relief from an aching

I found
her sufferingfrom
a
badly
incisor,implicatingthe lateral,
cuspid,

bicuspidsand

first and

tooth

being erupted.

odor

not

yet

Practice.

L.D.S., Ottawa, Ont.

Davidson,

last,Miss

left upper

in

second

molars
All

state, pus oozing from

far from
pleasant. She

on

these

around

the

left

teeth

their

were

side,the wisdom
in

roots, and

very

gusting
dis-

emittingan

artificial denture
wearing an
containing a rightcentral,lateral and cuspid.
The
as
as
history of the case
gleaned from the patient,was
follows

central

becoming

"

Some

two
sore

or

three
to

the

was

weeks

previous she

touch, which

noticed

the

left

graduallyincreased,the

DOMINION

i84

DENTAL

JOURNAL

tooth

becoming loose with sH^ht swclh'ngof the surroundingtissues,

distance
accompanied by great pain. Living in the country, some
from the city,
she apphed to the familyphysician,
who lanced the
immediately above the tooth,tellingher that would remove
gums
the difficulty,
and sent her home.
However, the pain and swelling
her features were
torted,
disto me
increased,and when she came
fearfully
and the state
mediately
of affairs mentioned
before existing. I imremoved
all the teeth on the left side, getting a great
dischargeof pus. Upon probing I found the bone was also di.seased ;
but as the diseased portion was
the living,
not yet separatedfrom
dismissed
her for a week, givingher a wash of boracic acid, i oz.
to a pint of water, with
instructions to use
frequentlyin order to
keep the mouth clean. In a week I again saw
her,and found the
diseased bone stillfirm,and the dischargeof pus stillundiminished.
Dismissed
for another week
her to stilluse
wash.
the same
telling
On January 2nd, I next
her and
found
bone
the diseased
saw
had
become
called in, chloroform
separated. A physician was
administered,and the bone extending from the central to the first
molar
After thoroughly cleansingby syringing with
removed.
and carbolic acid, i in 40, the cavity was
water
warm
plugged with
lint saturated
in boracic
with
acid, and the patient dismissed
instructions to change twice daily. Saw her again in a week
and
found everythinggoing on nicely. Healthy granulationshad been
thrown
be rapid. She
out
and every indication that healingwould
then told to discontinue
the use
of the lint plug and simply
w^as
syringethe cavitytwice a day with the boracic solution. On the
the central
visit she complained of pain in the regionwhere
next
had occupied,and upon probing I found a smooth, pointedsurface,
'

which

I concluded
arrive

was

at

tooth, but

any
which

definite

as

could

not

conclusion,she

cumstances
the cir-

under
was

asked

to

she did, and I found a fullydeveloped

again in a week,
rightcuspidoccupying the positionwhich the offendingcentral had
extracted.
on
Healing went
rapidly after
occupied. This was
that
this,the cavity filling
up with healthy tissue to such an extent
observer would
a casual
scarcelybelieve that such a largepiece of
call

bone
when
return

had

been

I last

saw

of her

the case.
trouble.

artificial denture

An

removed.

May 28th,there
No

doubt

cuspidendeavoringto erupt

was

were

exists in my
the

was

inserted,and

indications

no

mind

excitingcause

but

of any
that the

of the disturbance.

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL
This

notice,and
members
have

only case of the kind

it deeply interests me,

is the
as

of the Association

that has

under

come

ever

like to hear

I would

similar

any

185

experiencewhich

my

from

the

they may

had.

June 14th, a physician practisingin Ottawa,

for his hunting propensities,
and well known
to
came
my office to
have a lower wisdom
After this was
tooth treated.
accomplished
he asked me
if there were
other teeth in that vicinitythat
any
requiredtreatment.
Examining the second molar I found what I
had
in the grindingsurface,which
thought to be an amalgam filling
in
the appearance
that the filling
of years of service.
I remarked
this tooth was
had
still givinggood service.
He declared he never
before had
tist.
and never
a tooth
filled,
required the services of a denthe cavity filled with a
I found
Upon closer examination
grain of No. 4 shot. This had been jammed in so hard that it
the edge
completely stopped the opening to the cavity. Around
oxide had
an
was
formed, and to all appearance
preservingthat
tooth as well as the most
carefullyinserted gold filling.The only
in eating a temptfor it,was
way the worthy doctor could account
ing
morsel of wild duck, of which he is very fond.
The shot being
Case

No.

imbedded
to him

removed

2.

On

"

in the meat,

and

had

there remained.

and

replaced by
is good enough for me."

Osseous

W.

By
While
with

in almost

enough

A.

fusion

to

been

crowded

Strange to
a

more

Union

of

Robertson,

interest from

say, he would

it

have

not

"

That

Teeth.

Temporary

D.D.S.,Cookston,

Minn.

of the teeth is uncommon,

every

make

to

cavityunknown

costlyfilling,
remarking,

it

specimens are to be met

dental collection,
often
showing that it occurs
of practicalimportance to the dental
titioner.
prac-

into possession of
Having justcome
this class, I thought it might be of
readers

into the

have

it described.

the fact

]thatone

This

an

interesting
specimen

interest

specimen

of the teeth is

to

some

is

of

of

of

your

particular

supernumerary,

and

DOMINION

i86

the

as

teeth

belong

About

three

mother
struck
three

left

drew

the

weeks

to

them

thread

close

Upon
which

is

is
the

cervical

enamel

being

like

case

the

on

will

we

The

size,

place

set.

other

is

roots,

of

one

ing
show-

from

perfect

the
of

appearance

owing

broken

entire.

behind,

the

few

removal.

well, but

and

is almost

fusion
has

time

same

of the

one

as

decayed.

out.

their

union

root, and

being

application

deeper

The

of

is the

to

it

away,

is

the
not

and
a

accepted

find

extra

an

of

theory

cords

of

the

interest

permanent

teeth,

temporary
that

on

of

development

and

account,

case.

well

both

impossible
in

of

idea

two.

the

case

the

III., fig. 1 15),a

good

to

expect

with

is described

of

might

this

it is

Michigan,
between

decay

the

that

Vol.
a

and

the

the

the

crowns

teeth, viz., from

are

so

the

by

we

ground

teeth

There
419,

this

watch

if such

report

included

were

united, and

were

taken

were

that

while

the

We

were

at

accomplish

roots.

of

apex

fact,

perfect

front

the

underminded

permanent

and

of

and

they

this

sore

is

absorbed
in

teeth.

his

by

us

now.

incisor,
the

there

to

amiss.

superior incisors, there

they

to

necessary

the

to

originally

was

front

rare

be

not

brought

his

to

and

somewhat

may

found

when

me

loose

so

union

having

In

for

of

overlapped

mother

groove

of

which

the

considerably

margin

complete

of

examination

point

five

were

case

was

on

fillingwe

became

shallow

patient

for

them

all that

was

There

of

save

they

ago

there

side, two

attention

her

asking

the

the

filh'ng done

that

preparing

set, it is

of

history

ago

some

fact

the

on

Upon

of

the

by

JOURNAL

temporary

short

years

have

to

the

to

that

so

occurrence,

DENTAL

It

is

is

the

supernumerary

to

one

from

only

which

say

almost

are

is the

System

very

nearly similar,

except
the
one

and

that

collection
I

can

central

of

there
of

incisor

Dentistry
and

are

Dr.

find

uniform

in

supernumerary.

American

case

this

and

developed

the
three

cut

of

the

veys
con-

teeth

Douglas,

recorded

(page

in

Rosino,
of

union

temporary

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

Method

Convenient

of

Replacing

Gum

R. E.

By

often

187

Broken

Tooth

on

Section.

Sparks, L.D.S., Kingston.

of

or
more
having one
is uninjured.
the gum
teeth broken, but in which
the balance
wheel on lathe or engine,I cut out
With
a corrundum
of the tooth around
by the artificial gum margin, leavingthe
and attach as in any
I then grind a plaintooth to fit,
intact.
gum
risk of replacing the
and
This saves
the expense
ordinary case.
of cuttingthrough
inconvenience
whole block ; also,the time and
in a gum
tooth.
thermore,
Furthe gum
to the top of the block and fitting
less conspicuous.
the jointis much

Cases

are

presented

Eclectic

By
Up

the

to
.

Oliver

and

Speciality Dentistry.
L.D.S., Ottawa, Ont

Martin,

present time

gunri sets

the

dental

professiondiffers

from

the

of
profession,which has been divided into a number
in order to arrive at greater perfection.
branches, or specialities,
Although this had been mentioned
by dentists some
years ago, and
lengthy arguments for and againstthis system of practiceraised,it
that the eclectic principleproved itself the favorite,not,
appears
however, without careful analysisin order to discover if they were
after mature
not losinga step in advance
consideration,the
; and
that the more
dentists came
to the conclusion
generalknowledge
each
the
and practicepossessed by
better fitted was
he for
dentist,
branch, that it increased his judgment, and rendered his
any special
medical

hands
one

skilful.

more

that

practicehas

certain temperaments
desire to

be

is

rendered
to be

some

fancy and

of work

no

doubt

this is the

; whether

view,

correct

still it is difficult for

infallible,

eclectic ; and

eclectic,is, to

dentists but have

kind

There

extent,

appear

in spiteof
dentistry,
a
speciality.Very

to succeed

better

better with

adapted by

nature

the
few
ticular
par-

for

DOMINION

i88

certain

style of work,
It is,

seen.

JOURNAL

tlic fcjicc of

or

however,

branches

modern

DENTAL

true

of the

after

that

dental

fancy, remains

incrc

bein^

art, in the

instructed

dental

to

be

in all the

colleges,they,

years'practice,fall into a specialgroove and lose the

find dentists in every direction
skill of eclectic practice. Why, we
differ in opinion on the merits and demerits
of certain ingredients,
the use of rubber in preferenceto gold,the great value of amalgam,
of soft gold over
the superiority
adhesive,and the reverse
; in fact,
all that is used by the dentist has been censured
by the dentist
after

few

"

yet

will know

we

the

metal

has abandoned

who

true

value
work

of all.
for

If

take

the

dentist

rubber, he recommends

it to

we

all his

patients as

the

become

skilful with

rubber, at the sacrifice of all other

work.

Another

placedin

been

never

with

sponge."
; and

teeth to the
one

any

dentists
to

of

"

the

not

for artificial teeth,the

the

other

or

of

these

acquainted with

better

kinds

has
of

more

my

then condemn

ingredients used

base

manipulate with
shred gold, and

there and

from

on,

so

believe

he

be
can
perfectfilling
with any
other kind
of gold but soft gold. J
successful with other forms of gold as I have
as
Adhesive
the strongest filling,''
gold makes
says

says

tooth

base, simply because

true

I do

"

have

another

only

skill.

cause

is the

preparations, which

their

and
peculiarities,

I well remember

first attempt

in its use,

it,yet it was

useful form

in the treatment

of

failure ;

the

of

practicewith
make
enable

the
them

introduction

although I did not

but with practiceI

with the
gold. It is the same
in what
heavy plat^ gold for finishinga filling.Knowing
of
manner
gold was made, I often suspected the presence
sponge
of acid, which has frequentlyproduced a slightdiscoloring
trace
a
the filling.I placed my
around
of the tooth
gold in
sponge
for one
of ammonia
night,and when dry,passed it through
spirits
and
of a spiritlamp ; after this it worked
answered
the flame
dentist
makes
himself
a
acquainted and
beautifully. When
of
the different forms
skilful with
gold, his table is always
for
the
and
ability of
special cases,
supplied with them
such
of
all with
man
a
equal skill proves
working them
that with
It is admitted
greater skill than the specialitydentist.
required to keep up the eclectic system ;
great efforts are
many
frame
he can
his organizationto it,and
when
by
still,
young
abandon
it. As
regards
understanding its great value, never
found

it

to

be

very

COMMUNICATIONS

ORIGINAL

kinds

of

work,

ent
specimen of the differ-

patientsan opportunity of
their fancy for their successful use.
changes this fancy,still the dentist
his

give

to

as

so

have

should

dentist

artificial teeth,every

189

much

depends on
The difference in price often
who
show
at the
a
can
specimen of every kind of work known
of by his visitors. Often the patient
present time, is thought more
of rubber.
I do not object
like the appearance
I do not
says :
to the
something that I like better."
give me
price if you can
such
accommodate
it places
the dentist cannot
When
a
patient,
awkward
him in rather an
position. If it is not possiblefor a
of his profession,
let him keep
dentist to be skilled in all branches
remarks
he can.
These
in practiceas many
the
to
as
apply more

as
selecting,

*'

the old dentist who

than
to
has
practitioner
fixed ideas and
fingersthat cannot
change. In all that has been
of teeth, many
used in the treatment
good and valuable medicines
of knowledge or practicewith such
for want
have been discarded
the dentist to understand
its peculiarities.
True a numto enable
ber
that
have shown
have been introduced
after a
no
superiority,
careful
test, to
ingredients that the dentists have been well
If we
take creasote
for example,
acquainted with for many
years.
for the treatment
it has not been excelled
of teeth.
Its soothing
effect is like magic ; it will arrest
decomposition more
effectually
all the medicines

than
If

active

and

young

look

we

its

at

the

produced by

from

extracted
This

as

disinfectant.

Smoke

of meat.

been

introduced

composition,it speaks

of charcoal

power

that have

is

carbon

for

is

take

its

place.

We

know

the

itself

It will prevent the

in

the

form

burning of vegetablematter

this gas, which

to

carbon

of

tion
decomposi-

gas

'or

vapor,

; the oil of creasote

in

is

form.

concentrated

is

is so
why its power
great in arrestingdecomposition,the
fibriles that permeate
the
decay being the irritant to the nerve
tooth bone.
The quickness of creasote
to check
decomposition or
quiet the irritant is indicated by the removal of pain ; mixed with
little tannin, it mummifies
the decayed matter.
a
A few drops of

alcohol
any

with

mixed

abscess.
mixture

The

in this

feather.

preparinga

It

tooth

acts

increase
of

name

of creasote,

bird immersed
a

it,to

its

methyl

tannin,and

penetratingpower,

has

been

alcohol

composition for twelve

on

for the

the

decay

in the

given
will

to

will

this mixture.

mummify

hours, without
same

the cavityshould
filling,

cure

manner.

be touched

canary

ing
changWhen
with

DOMINION

ipo

crcasotc,
of

cavity
in

it renders

tooth.

there
like

are,
a

new

Creasotc

to

practicein

this is what
branch

every

Annual

Fourth

fourth

held

in the

There

when
brittle,

used

too

not

been

the present time

of Dental

has

is

of

the

doubt,

no

frequently
excelled

meeting

lecture

of

room

The

Ontario

of the Ontario
the

Y.M.C.A.

meeting

dentist

Society.

Society was
building,Toronto, on

opened

was

Dental

Dental

the Vice-President, Dr. H. R.

2.30, with

the constant

Societies.

Meeting- of the

annual

20th.

July 19th and

at

inside

matter.

gives the eclectic

of the profession.

Proceedings

The

clarifythe

to

however, many
improvements in medicine, all of which,
instrument, recjuirepractice in order to use them
cessfully,
sucand

The

loose

the bone
up

JOURNAL

alcohol,

particle of

every
but

however,

and

crcasotc

or

DENTAL

on

noon
after-

Tuesday

Abbott, of London^

in the chair.
The

minutes

of the last annual

read and adopted.

meeting were
appointed auditors,and after they
Treasurer
presentedhis report, which

Drs.

were
Hippie and Beam
completed their work the
received and
adopted. The election of officers for the } ear
in the election of the following:
then- proceeded with, resulting

had
was
was

President,Dr. H. R. Abbott, London

Leggo,

Ottawa

Secretary,Dr.

W.

Dr.

F.

Kilmer, St. Catharines

Hippie,

H.

Wood,

officers of the

A.

H.

E.

Vice-President,Dr. W.

Willmott, Toronto

; Executive

urer,
; Treas-

Committee

Drs.

Allen, J. Stirton, together with

the

and

Ethics

Committee

Evening

"

"

discussion.

Drs.

8 o'clock.

McElhinney, of Ottawa, could not be present, Dr.

Brown, of Port Hope, read a very interestingand instructive
seemed
its Applicationto Dentistry." This
on
Electricity,
unfamiliar
rather
an
subject,as the paper provoked very
Dr.

Bosanko.

Tuesday
As

A.

Society; Membership

Pearson, Beam, and

F.

J.

paper
to

be

little

retiring President's

The

present, Dr. W.

not
"

SOCIETIES.

DENTAL

OF

PROCEEDINGS

address

due

was

next,

filled in the time

E. Willmott

191

but

with

as

he

paper

was
on

Antiseptics."
DISCUSSION.

Dr.

C.

N.

(Chicago)

Johnson
Dr.

quotation from

"

Was

Stubblefield's paper,

surprised to hear
he had always
as

that
sidered
con-

acid
an
hydrogen peroxide of no value when it showed
work
better.
reaction.
Always thought neutral sample would
Would
he had not used it,but of the
as
aristol,
say nothing about
where
other powder antiseptics
a
preferrediodol. Gave a case
healed
rapidly and satisfactorily
severelylacerated wound
very
dental
Considered
under
iodol.
a
Very rarely used iodoform.
office bad enough for the patientsno matter
how comfortablyfurnished
and how pleasanta perfume,without making it smell worse
ments.
than any
the drawers
and instruover
drug store, with iodoform
the members
the great necessityfor
Impressed upon
after each patient,and
thoroughly antiseptingtheir instruments
recommended
the best.
solution of boro-glycerineas
Would
a
the members
careful in injectinghydrogen perwarn
to be very
oxide
into an abscess unless there was
a free opening for the escape
of the gases.
Dr. N. Pearson
for

peroxide.

abscesses
Dr.

(Toronto)
"

Had

very

something good
results from treating
satisfactory
to

say

the sinus.

through
G.

had

Wanted

peroxide in several
Dr. Pearson
results from
as
cases
mentioned, and had satisfactory
but others were
some,
quiteunsatisfactory.These he injectedwith
campho-phenique after the peroxide and was
pleased with the
results, x^sked Dr. Johnson what he considered
the best drug to
in cases
the pulp is not quite dead
where
to facilitate its
use
R.

McLaughlin

(Toronto)
"

Tried

removal.
Dr.

Johnson

the best he had

Dr.

Considered

"

come

across

solution of tannic

acid in

glycerine

for that purpose.

(Toronto) Had
experimented with aristol
of pyorrhoea with very
and
cassia in cases
results.
satisfactory
Would
be without
mended
never
campho-phenique in his office. Recomthe engine for cleansingburs and did
the wire brush
on
not think it impaired the cuttingedges in any
degree.
F.

J. Capon

13

"

DOMINION

192

The

President

dent's address.

called

The

remarks

the

on

read

for liis retiring IVcsi-

and
interesting

very

Continent."

Dr. C. A.

by

paper

American

the

on

JOURNAI,

\)r. iiosanko

on

doctor

"Dentistry

on

paper

then

DENTAL

profitable

After

few

Martin, Ottawa, the meeting

adjourned.
Wednesday

Morning

o'clock.

9.30

"

in the chair.
An animated
Meeting opened with Vice-President
and profitable
discussion was
provoked by a paper prepared and
read
by Dr. J. Stirton, of Guelph, on
Diagnosing Diseases of
"

Teeth."
DISCUSSION.

Dr.

H.

Wood

T.

paper,

and

made

in

"

left to be

little was

dentistryin

admirable

paper

called

were

physician,he has to go beyond

Never
depends altogetheron
their

ahead

word

as

by

of

Pleased

do

our

own

such

young

than

more

the

advancement

the

years.

one

to

on

the

pleased with

It showed

twenty

be written

much

very

said.

last

the

should

Dentists

take

Was

(Toronto)

the

an

titioners.
prac-

ordinary

feelingof his patient.

patient tells him ; he may

present

what

foundation, but

must

further,and

go

see

When
a
patient presents for
prevent future trouble.
examination, the first thing is to cleanse the teeth thoroughly, and
to

look

then
off

carefullyfor

caries.

discolorations,often

the

be noticed, and

not

would

prevent the annoyance

months

showing

discloses

of which

would

the tartar, and

Removing

cavities

which

polishing
otherwise

the

patientis ignorant.
of the patientcoming back in a
wondering why the operator had

cavity,and

This
fewnot

it before.

seen

Dr.

W.

the color

A.
was

Leggo
a

noticingdecay by
impressed the idea of

"

very

polishingoff any

the

(Ottawa) Thought
important point,and

discoloration

on

the

tooth

show

to

of

color

any

decay.
Dr.
know

F.

G.

Callander

the normal

presents he should
it to the normal.
of the normal
true

shade

of

state

"

of

be able
He

tooth.

(Toronto)

must

tooth, and
to

familiar

First free from

the tooth.

when

spot it,and

be

Many

cases

dentist
an

then
with

is

supposed

to

abnormal

condition

endeavor

to

every

restore

tint and

color

and get
foreigndeposits,
of caries

are

due

to

the

child

OF

PROCEEDINGS

DENTAL

SOCIETIES.

193

constitutional disturbances
generallyare associated with some
Knowledge from experience is the only guide in these
be observant, and put
do all,but we
must
cases.
Reading cannot
the observations
into practice.
Dr. D. V. Beacock
for the loss of
(Brockville) Was
sorry
those six teeth.
Would
have
diagnosed them as pulp stone and

diseases, and

"

for

treated
did

Would

same.

relieve

not

the

tried

have

it at

trouble, it would

be

if that

rate, and

any

enough

time

then

to

of

the

extract.

Dr.

W.

A.
of

treatment

F. G.

of the

Had

sufferingintensely. Could
a

to have

one

tooth

was

ossification
Has

relieved
Dr.

A.

Dr.

H.

so,

place ;

you

have

She

tooth.

it,so she

extract

lady

"

five

as

nodules

from

was

went

to

tooth, which

one

If

other

no

after

the

If that

done

your

or

be

cause

can

be

for the

found

has

side

to

been
side

exostosis,and

relieves the

lying at
for

few

it would

not, then

you

best and

then, and

have

ache,

it aches

for

rest

some

If

moments.

be wise

pain all right,you

way

nodule.

exostosis,enquire whether

head

from

moved

if it does

any

"

likelyto

see.

in

not

ago

like to know
(Stratford) Would
diagnose between exostosis and pulp

"

then

it is not

in and

would

HiPPLE

night

and

no

the

dition
con-

canals.

of the root

in

this

in

not

suspect pulp nodule

at

teeth

thirtyyears

case

of the

scope

pain.

Beacock

worse

state

the

outside
some

defect

see

; he

many

he could

you

time

as

the

in which

and

was

removed

it out

had

extraction, and
any

save

discussion

only it but at times another and another,

relief after each
was
out, giving her temporary
before
than
in the end the pain was
even
worse
taken
Had
several cases
since where
out.
pulp
found
to be
so.
suspected,and on exammation

physician,and

till every

to

restricted
"

have

to

though

impossible

it

Callander

determined

like

even

cases,

account

on

Would

"

such

Thought

paper.

Dr.

Leggo

have

drill

the tooth

the satisfaction of

only then, would

to

knowing

extraction

be allowable.
Dr.

might

F.

J. Brown

have

been

in question
Thought the case
action,due perhaps to some
derangement

(Port Hope)
a

reflex

"

of the stomach.
Dr.

F.

Kilmer

(St.Catharines)

seventy-four years old.

"

An

intense

Had
ache

case

of

in the upper

gentleman
left second

DOMINION

194

bicuspid; no decay
it
the root high up
orbital foramen

tooth
Was

coming

some

out

patientwent
justas bad as

to

so

Dr.
before

before

medical

in three

; took

it out

; after

another

from

he

was

have

unless

he

nodule
could

pain.

same

due

was

to

it,

extract

; in six

been

months

from

the

best

he

heard

had

cited,he agreed with

case

essayisthad
a

broken

Never

inside.
have

the

on

passed.

nerve

the

tional
constitu-

insisted

not

have

infra

the

on

trouble

it out

must

the

pressed over

the

Would

had

paper

satisfied if the
found

the

the teeth.

the

and

months

two

Thought the cause

through which

if

physician for

weeks

operator and

but

pressure

affected,but

not

was

ever.

man

to

back

"

teeth he would
a

him

Considered
the
Johnson
the Society. In regard to
;

pressure,

pain,and

Sent

pain.

of the foramen

Dr. Beacock

to

on

intense

gave

irritation apart

nerve

closure

soreness

JOURNAL

Came

the tooth

sure

no

gave

treatment.

DENTAL

sent

consultation

open
a

the

patient

with

him

the

to Dr, Hippie'squestion,he
patient. In answer
would
If no
caries, no
diagnose a pulp nodule
by exclusion.
marked
tartar, no
pain on applicationof heat and cold, nothing
in the mouth
out
to
or
point to neuralgicpain, and the teeth
solid,firm,and healthy,then nine times out of ten you w^ould find
Drill and
relief then, extract, and
treat ; if no
a
pulp nodule.
With
of secondary
exostosis
is sure.
regard to the mention
two
kinds, either pathologicalor
dentine,he thought there were
physiological.On
approach of caries or irritation to the nerve
there is physiological
secondary dentine formed, but pulp nodules
in
or
secondary dentine growing into the pulp chamber, irregular
form, is undoubtedly pathological.

Dr.

saw

Stirton

the

answered

criticisms

in

(qw

words, and

the

presented with the report of the Membership and

ship.
Ethics Committee,
recommending several candidates for memberOn a ballot vote they were
all elected.
Dr. Johnson invited
the Society to visit Chicago during the
in
Dental
World's
Congress was
Fair, while the International

meeting

was

session.

Weagant, of Cornwall, read a splendid paper on

The
discussion
was
opened by Dr. R. G.
Copper Amalgam."
McLaughlin, Toronto, who considered this subjectnext in importance
of
kinds
There
the
of
tw^o
are
root
to
filling.
question
will have nothing to do with
persons on this subject those who
Dr.

A.

H.

"

"

OF

PROCEEDINGS

SOCIETIES.

195

hobby of it. Used it for a few

but gave it up.
months
in the beginning of his practice,
However,
he
after some
experiments with it,he began again,and the more
it the better he Hkes it. Operators are more
Hkely to make
uses
There
with copper
mistake
a
amalgam than with any other kind.
in that
comfort
is a danger of gettingit too dry, but there is one
be a success.
Found
the filHng will not
case, because
you know
copper,

that

those

and

it will not

who

discolor

make

DENTAL

the tooth.

The

fact

that it cups

on

the

enough to withstand
it was
mastication
not
or
manipulated properly.
several questions. Numerous
The essayistanswered
were
cases
of
and
cited both
in favor
against,but the general consensus
opinion was that for certain cases there is nothing better,especially
the grinding surface is not
in buccal and proximate surfaces where
implicated.
of Dr. Pearson, seconded
On motion
by Dr. Hippie, the names
of Dr. C. N Johnson, of Chicago,and Dr. W. G. Beers, of Montreal,
were
placed on the list of honorary members.
Meeting adjourned.
grinding surface

shows

Dental

either it is not

hard

Association, Province

of

Quebec.

of the dentists of
and important convention
interesting
held on the 27th September, in Montreal.
this province was
The
Brewster, Trestler,
following licentiates were
present : Messrs.
S.
Beers,
Globensky, J. Globensky, Leblanc, Andres, E. B. IbbotBerwick, J. C. Nichol, S. Nichol,
son, J. Ibbotson, McDiarmid,
A

most

Brown, Barton, Gentles, Labonte, Maufette, Bernier, Giles, Fitz-

patrick,Kerr, Sears, Brosseau, Bourdon, Gendreau, McLean,

Young, Dixon, Vosburgh, Pepin,of Montreal
; Casgrain and Dorval, of Quebec ; Wells, of Huntingdon ; Porter, of Danville ;
Moulton, of Stanstead
Hynd; Cleveland, of Richmond
; A. W.
of Sherbrooke
L. Hyndman,
Lachute
; Stackhouse, of
man,
;
Coaticooke
of
Sutton
and
LanLauder, of Cowansville
Jenks,
;
;
of
Three
of
Nolin
Rivers
and
MonSt.
thier,
John's ;
; Brassard,
geon,

of Sorel ; Dr.

in the chair.

Beers, President

of the

Board

of

Examiners,

DOMINION

!(/)
After
read

the usual

DENTAL

routine

business

the

his report, showinc^the most

has existed

JOURNAL

Treasurer, Dr. S. Globensky,

favorable

since the Association

balance

in hand

that

organized twenty-threeyears

was

law suits,heavy expenses

spiteof a succession of onerous
The Secretary,
Dr. Bourdon, read
in obtainingnew
etc.
legislation,
in the number
of dentists
a full report showing the great increase
the exceptionallylarge number
of about
in the
Province, and
loose system of matriculation
under the old
The
eighty students.
law made
creditabl
disto the profession. Owing to certain
easy entrance
used by a few to impose upon
the ignorance of
means
the public,by quack advertisements,and
false representationscirculated
in the public streets, the
now
following obligationwas
I
all graduates :
do solemnly promise and
imposed upon
that I will uphold the honor and
swear
dignityof the profession,
rules of the Dental
Association
of
and adhere to the by-laws and
the Province
of Quebec to the best of my
ability."The Secretary
further referred to the immense
labor which
fell upon
the retiring
well as in litigation
the sucand
cess
as
Board, in securinglegislation,
achieved.
Mention
of the imposture practisedby
made
was
student
in stating
the members
of the Local Legislature,
a
upon
for
to consideration
falselythat he possessedcertain qualifications
Private Bill,
and its indignantrejection
a
by the Legislature,
owing
to the oppositionof the Board.
The
President
then gave his retiringaddress, recapitulating
the
financial position,and
sound
paying specialcompliments to the
for their zealous
labors.
Xo
Secretary and Treasurer
previous
Board
and
the speaker had
been
the Board
since its
on
ever
such
fices
organization had been called uppn to make
personal sacriin promoting
ago,

in

"

"

"

THE

as

well

whose

in

as

moral

proved

great

Dr. E. B.

means

under

success

Montreal
on

of

was

OF

its staff
education

the

low

the

expert

charlatan,

aspire to professional
the
Odontological Society had
guardianshipof its first president.

too

its present chief

to

Dr.
officer,

son.
F. A. Steven-

appointed Dr.
dentist ; a strong feelingin favor of
prevailed,and the organization of

General
as

PROFESSION

THE

public from

organization of

Ibbotson, and

The
Berwick

protectingthe
conscience

The

decency.

CONSOLIDATION

Hospital

had

R.

H.

better
"

the

OF

PROCEEDINGS
Dental

College of
Nothing in

satisfaction than
for

the

between

the generous

the Board

their

to

the

French

by-laws

of the

Board, in

of every

in the hands

member

gave

which

existed

had

him

unbroken

sion,
profes-

officers of

the French

by

cess.
suc-

greater

nationalities in the

extended

stand
clearlyunderPresident
then
a
hasty
gave
the Act of Incorporation,
which, with
English and French, would be placed
within
few days. The
a
Board,
passed a resolution to ask for af^lia-

English brethren
language. The
to

assured

an

was

the Board

the two

courtesy

of the amendments

review
the

experienceon
perfectharmony

197

"

Quebec

his

twenty-threeyears
and

of

Province

the

SOCIETIES.

DENTAL

who

did

not

empowered by the Act, had

Laval for
and
tion of the College with the Universities of McGill
of Dental
of obtainingthe degree of Doctor
the purpose
Surgery ;
future
is
that any person in
and it
now
wishing to study
necessary
for admittance
must
to the study
dentistry,
pass the matriculation
of these universities only
of medicine, before the regularexaminer
have not
lowed
and before indentureship. All students who
already folthe lectures are
obliged to attend the required lectures in
anatomy, physiology and chemistry at McGill or Laval, which open
month.
in the beginning of next
The College had leased the building.No. 2 Phillips
Square, and
will begin the course
on
Wednesday, November
2nd, at 8 p.m. ;
the Act of Incorporationmaking attendance
compulsory upon all
students

who

dentistryin
intending

present themselves

may
this

to

go

difficulties to

province,while
forward

contend

its

for the
with.

for examination
would

course

degree

That

was

MUST

and

anyone

who

HAVE

opposes

EDUCATED

just what

duties

as

their best.

in their

teachers
The

and

zest

As

for any

College must

simply stand aside,

professionhad too long endured

pretensions,the
were

work.

were

must

The
they like it or not.
the reproach of forcingtheir students to leave
collegeeducation ; and while fullyconscious
modest

There

gave

The

those

to

open

DENTISTS,

this demand

whether

and

be

of D. D, S.

had
undertaken
the
strength to those who
find an earlygrave.
it would
petty opposition,
exist,and the public

practise

to

determined

men

to

who
do

the country
of the
had

their

provisionalappointments to

to

get

responsibility,

undertaken

duty, and

the four

chairs

the
to

do

were

DOMINION

19S
then

and

announced,

DENTAL

Dr. E.

JCJURNAL

B. Ibbotson

moved, seconded

by

Dr.

J. C. Nichol, a resolution,which was unanimously carried,that the

firmed
meeting cordially
approved of the work done by the Board, and conthe organizationof the Collegeand the appointments made,
and expressedthe hope that the details would be developed harmoniously,
and that the profession
generallywould stand by the College.
On

motion

the
from

College.

$100

five hundred

of

sum

the

Association

Dr. McDiarmid

dollars
the

to

voted

was

fund

equipment

offered to be

of

one

five

as

to

tribution
con-

of

the

contribute

It
$100 each.
then moved
was
by Dr. C. H. Wells, of Huntingdon, and resolved,
That this meeting,representingthe dental profession
of the Province,
of
express its disapprobationof all unprofessionalmethods
which
of quackery, but
not
advertising,
only in themselves savor
of imposing upon
resorted to for the purpose
the unsuspecting
are
publicby false representations."
Dr. Brewster

each.

and

offered

three others

"

DR.

of every

WELLS

honorable

show

to

advertiser.

reasonable

and

that,

in

THE

of

member

tricks of the boastful

modest

ECHOED

the
It

SENTLMENTS

professionin exposing
was

should
advertising,

every

not
one

country, this scheme

wish

of

to

to

do

prevent
so

; but

entrapping the

immoral
and
honest,
disadvertisingwas
and no reputablepractitioner
ought to find such methods
Dr. Nolin
the
consider
suggested that the Board
necessary.
of voting by proxy.
advisability
theatrical

public by

The

tricks

intended

the

choice

of

of

Board

new

of Examiners

for the

three

next

tion
proceeded with, by ballot,and resulted in the elecof Messrs.
Beers, Globensky, J. C. Nichol, and Gentles, of
Montreal
of Sherbrooke
; A. W. Hyndman,
; Casgrain and Verner,
Dr. Beers statingthat he would
to retain
of Quebec
not consent
of the College.
than
few months
the positionmore
account
a
on
The meeting then adjourned.

years

was

then

"

THE

have

been

made

FOLLOWING

to

the

APPOINTiMENTS

College:

VV. Geo.

Beers, Dean

J.

H.

lectures are
The
Registrar; R. H. Berwick, Treasurer.
of dental
to be given in English and French, as follow^s : Professors
materia
and
medica, W. Geo. Beers, L. J.
pathology,therapeutics,

Bourdon,

OF

PROCEEDINCxS

SOCIETIES.

DENTAL

199

metallurgy,S. J.
Andres, S. Globensky. Professors of dental surgery and general
pathology,R. H. Berwick ; other appointments yet to be made.
Professors of operativedentistry,F. A. Stevenson, J. H. Bourdon.
Dr. Chas. Brewster, C. F. ". Trestler,
Jas.A. Bazin, and H. D. Ross
elected
were
honorary professors. The followinggentlemen have
of clinical instructors : J.
consented
to act in the important work
C. Nichol, G. W. Lovejoy, N. Fiske, E. B. Ibbotson, J. Ibbotson,
F. McDiarmid,
J. G. A. Gendreau, P. Brown, J. Globensky, J.
B. Leblanc.

of dental

Professors

and
prosthetics

J. Giles, Montreal ; H. D. Ross, E. Casgrain,T. A. Venner, H. Jenks, J. Paradis, Quebec ; C. H. Wells,

Huntingdon ; A. Lanthier, Three Rivers ; J. Lauder, Cowansville
;
A.
The
W.
Sherbrooke.
following
Hyndman,
J. Hyndman,
elected honorary clinical instructors : Dr. D, V.
gentlemen were
Beacock, Brockville ; Fred. I. Capon, Toronto
George K.
; and
A specialinstructor,
a
Weagant, Cornwall.
graduate of Chicago
Dental
College,has been appointed to introduce the system of
Drs. Lovejoy
operative technique taught in that fine institution.
McDiarmid
and
kindly presented over
$200 worth of materials,
saved
and in discounts
the College about
$500 in the purchase of
Dr. Newell
chairs.
Fiske
presented an
operative chair and a
Gentles, A. H. Beers, W.

Dr. P. Brown

vulcanizer.
besides

made

the

Dental

The

second

Scotia

was

The

annual

held

at

Association

meeting

President

; H.

Clay, Pugwash,
Halifax, Secretary.

The

Papers

the Dental

of the

for the

; H.

to

E.

read

he

Association

are

of Nova

and

29th, 1892.

A. C

Harding,

dent
Eaton, Parrsboro',First Vice-Presi-

Second
W.

year

will

Scotia.

Dental

ensuing

C.

Vice-President

Delaney

was

of

than

; Frank

elected

bury,
Wood-

tive
representa-

Board.

meetings throughout were

were

of Nova

Halifax, N.S., September 28th

officers elected

Yarmouth,

part of the electrical apparatus,

fittingof the entire equipment. Dr. Brown

the applicationsof electricity
which
to dentistry,
specialstudy.

doing

demonstrate
has

gave

by

A. C.

ordinary interest.
Cogswell, entitled, Dentistry, Past,
more

"

DOMINION

200

Present
Deciduous

"

Future

and

"

Teeth

DENTAL

; V. W.

; M.

JOURNAL

Stevens, entitled,

P.

Preservation

"

of

Harrington,entitled, Devitalization (jf

the
Dental
Canals
Pulp and Filling Root
; A. J. McKenna,
entitled, Necrosis
Ryan, entitled, Symptomotology
; F. W.
;
H.
Crown
and
W.
C.
Work
Woodbury, entitled,
Bridge
;
The
Delaney, entitled, Dentistry as a P^ine Art."
papers were
all of a high order and
A clinic was
discussion.
provoked much
It consisted of filling
with nerve
a
root
given by F. Woodbury.
canal
and
A resolution
at apex,
settinga Bonwill crown.
open
be pubread before the Association
was
passed that the papers
lished
in pamphlet form, for distribution
of
the members
among
the professionin the Province.
The
Dental
S. S. White
a
Manufacturing Company made
very
fine exhibit of instruments,suppliesand electric appliancesbefore
"

"

"

"

"

"

"

'*

"

the

Association.
resolution

requesting
meeting.

Dental

The

President
P.

make

they

Board

28th.

September
M.

that

for

the

exhibit, and

display at

the

next

them

passed thanking

was

held

The

of Board

similar

its annual

members

; H.

Harrington, W.

C.

meeting for organization,on

are

Woodbury,
Delaney ;

annual

as

follows

A. C.

Cogswell,

George Hyde, J. A. Merrell,

Frank
Woodbury, Secretary-

Registrar.
The
held

next

in

annual

Halifax, in

meeting of the Association

September, 1893.
Frank

ilJ

HoUis

Dental

eleventh

Association

annual

Examiners

Monday, August
The

Board

will be

Secretary.

Woodbury,

Street,Halifax, N.S.

National

The

and

sessions

meeting

w^as

i,
were

held

Examiners.

of Dental

of
at

the

National

Association

of

Niagara Falls, commencing

1892.

presided over

Magill, the elected President, Dr.

explaining his resignationfrom the

by
L.
State

Vice-President, Dr

the
D.

Shepard,

Board

of

Boston,

of Massachusetts,

of

Association.

the
Dr.

and

Shepard

201

resignationof the presidency

The
accepted with regret,
resignationwas
the privilegesof
unanimously accorded

carried
necessarily

which

SOCIETIES.

DENTAL

OF

PROCEEDINGS

was

it his

with

the floor.

followingState

The

Colorado

Boards

L. W.

"

Massachusetts

Lyon.

E. V. McLeod.

"

Fred.

Jersey
"

Grant

"

Monfort.

T. S. Waters.

"

Minnesota

Ohio

S. T. Kirk.

"

Maryland

New

the sessions

George J. Hartung.

"

Georgia" T). D. Atkinson.

Jowa"]. T. Abbott, J. B.
Indiana

representedat

were

A.

Levy.
Mitchell.

Grant

Mollvneaux,

Pennsylvaiiia W. E. Magill,Louis Jack,J. A. Libbey.

Tenftessee
J. Y. Crawford,
"

"

Wisconsin
Kansas
The

E d ga

"

A.

"

H.

Palmer.

Thompson.

followingBoards

Virgijiia J. Hall
Carolina

Oklahama

South

Dakota

C. W.

"

of Columbia

At

instance

communication

Faculties

of

Sturtevant.
"

Williams

Committee

the

sent

was

Donnally.

National

the

to

Gentlemen,

Association
"

students
in

the various
of

Whereas,

of Dental
a

Falls

i,

1892.

Faculties.

considerable

very

Aug.

abuse

has

arisen

by students of the various certificates of the

the "standing" and "passing" certificates,
to supas
port
and graduates under age in their attempt to illegally

improper

schools,such

engage

of Dental

Association

To the National

the

Colleges,the following

on

Niagara

by

Peoples.

District
the

membership

V. E. Turner.

"

D. A.

"

to

Moore.

"

North

admitted

were

use

practice;

we

therefore

collegesto have their

such uniformityof terms

ask
"

your

Association

standing" and
in

each

case

to

request

"passing
that

they

can

'

tificates
cer-

be

DOMINION

202

for

used
and

other

no

small

DENTAL

that

and

they be printedin
signed only by the Dean.

purpose,

type, and

JOURNAL

be

few

words

Respectfully,
National

Association

Dental

of

Fred.
A

Committee

of

Conference

Truman, Marshall,and
and

Levy,

Secretary.

appointed,consistingof

was

Swain,

A.

Examiners.

Drs.

the part of the Faculties' Association,

on

Donnally,Palmer, and

Monfort, on

the part of the Examiners'

Association,which, after consultation,agreed upon

favorable

report.
Dr.

laid

was

offered the

Lyon

the result of
withdraw
The

the

upon

resignationof

the Minnesota

it had

evidently

table,as

misunderstanding,and

offered

been

as

requestedto

was

it.

followingresolution,offered by

Resolved, That

when

"

teacher

the Board

Board, which

of

dental

member

Dr.

Crawford,

of any

State

adopted

was

becomes

Board

school,his resignationfrom

his

should

Board

follow.
A

resolution

protestingagainst the

manufacturers, and

the

collection

of

classification of dentists
statistics from

census

as

them

the

under

as
provisionsof House Bill No. 7696, commonly known
the Willcox
Bill,was adopted. The resolution was similar in terms
to those adopted by other dental societies.
The
Committee
on
Colleges reported that they had received
of students in attendance
reports showing that the actual number
in the schools recognizedby the Examiners'
at the last sessions
Association
was
2,881 ; of graduates,1,357. In the schools not
the students
were
236 ; graduates,
recognized by the Association

96.
The

be made

in

methods, and offered the followingmemorial, which

the

Association

of

report also

educational

Secretarywas
Dental
The

directed

Faculties

These

are

enforcement

transmit

Association

memorialize

of

to

of Dental

the National

advances

two

to

desirable

advances

the National

to

National

authorize

considered

in the

Association

higher grade

fully
respect-

Faculties

to

education.

require the
preliminaryeducation

Association
of

would

of Dental

system of dental

First, that your

a

Examiners

universal
of candi-

OF

PROCEEDINGS

DENTAL

SOCIETIES

203

propositionlies at the foundation of

the qualityof the graduates
is involved
dental education, in which
which
of the future,upon
depend the advancement, the standing,
and the dignityof the dental profession.
The second
propositionis that complete preparationbe made in
each school for laboratory technique in the studies of histology,
pathology,and in each of the departments of dental surgery and
of teaching be made
and
that this method
dental
a
prosthesis,

dates

for matriculation.

requirement of
The

the schools.

reported the followingamended

as
reputable:
they recommend

committee
which

This

also

list of colleges

College of Dental Surgery, Baltimore, Md.

Dental
Boston
College,Boston, Mass.
Chicago College of Dental Surgery,Chicago, 111.
College of Dentistry,Department of Medicine, University of
Minnesota, Minneapolis,Minn.
Dental
University,Washington, D.C.
Department, Columbian
Dental
Department, National University,Washington, D.C.
Northwestern
UniversityDental School.
I^altimore

Formerly Dental Department of Northwestern

College],
Dental
Department of Southern Medical
Dental

University [UniversityDental

College,Atlanta, Ga.

Department of Universityof Tennessee, Nashville,Tenn.

Harvard
University,Dental Department, Cambridge, Mass.
Dental
Indiana
Ind.
College,Indianapolis,
Kansas
City Dental College,Kansas, Mo.
Louisville College of Dentistry,Louisville,
Ky.
Dental
Missouri
College,St. Louis, Mo.
New
York
College of Dentistry,New York City.
Northwestern
College of Dental Surgery,Chicago, 111.
Ohio
College of Dental Surgery,Cincinnati,O.
Pa.
Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery,Philadelphia,
Dental
Pa.
Philadelphia
College,Philadelphia,
School of Dentistryof Meharry Medical
Department of Central
Tennessee
College,Nashville,Tenn.
Dental Department, San Francisco, Cal.
Universityof California,
Universityof Iowa, Dental Department, Iowa City,la.
Universityof Maryland, Dental Department, Baltimore, Md.
Universityof Michigan, Dental Department, Ann
Arbor, Mich.

DOMINIDN

204

DICNTAI,

JOURNAL

Pa.
Universityof Pennsylvania, Dental Department, Philadelphia,
Vanderbilt
University,Dental Department, Nashville,Tenn.
Dental
Western
College,Kansas City,Mo.
Minnesota
Hospital College,Dental Department, Minneapolis,
Minn,
(defunct).
St. Paul Medical
College,Dental Department, St. Paul, Minn,

(defunct).
The

Dental

College of

American

report

adopted.

was

following officers

The

Tenn., Vice-President
and

elected

were

President

Magill, Erie, Pa.,

E.

Surgery,Chicago, 111.

Fred.

for

the

ensuing year

W.

J. Y. Crawford, Nashville,
Levy, Orange, N.J., Secretary
;

A.

Treasurer.

Adjourned.

Editorial.

The

started
journalist

first volume

Joys of Journalism.

out

to

he committed

pleaseeverybody.

suicide.

Had

At

he taken

the end

of the

precautions,he

lived to die of

He might have
softeningof the brain.
taken it from nobody,"
asked
advice from everybody ; sometimes
learned the follyof trying to please anybody.
A sailor who
and
An editor who
never
ought to stay ashore.
expects ruffled waters
is not as ready for a fightas for friendship,
ought to get a berth on
the journalof the peace society.
A
friend thinks
this journal ought not
be
official
"the
to
of any of the provincial
He is alone in his wish.
societies.
organ
have

might

"

"

When

the

stupid as

societies
to

that it is not
"

not

hold

ask

it to

for that
water.

is

give

independent
It

It is said that the

definition

selected

it
up

as

such, their members

its

because

independence,and
it publishes these

were

not

so

the pretence

society proceedings

is the

will
it has
only "official" connection
is quite as independent as any of its critics.
JOURNAL
ought to be
cosmopolitan." No

given of

"

"

the

term.

It makes

no

pretentions to

be

EDITORIAL

journalof

To

is wanted.
to

make

it

though

the world,
naake

more

than

it

"

never

get

copy

the

sermons.

"

Work

Bridge

is

friends

only

than

sermons

more

then

and

it wherever

over

cosmopolitan,our

more

now

pretty well

it goes

practical.We

good sermon
our
exchanges
they want.

that

though

205

we

it

need

need,

good thing. We observe

They, too, have more

Advertisers.

repeatedly been asked to draw attention to the fraud

the public by the noisy advertisers,
and impositionpractisedupon
who
pretend to possess superior knowledge in dentistry,and
chief trick is that referred to in the followingresolution
whose
passed at the last meeting of the Conn. Valley Dental Society. As
advertisers
blatant
rule these
are
a
obliged to hire itinerant
the work
mechanics
to do
invented," and
they professto have
of
at the expense
having no
higher object than making money
personaldecency and professionalhonor, they almost invariably
and
find their level in public contempt
professionalfailure. We
the publicationin full of these resolutions
readers to secure
urge our
We

have

"

in their local

press.

Valley Dental Society,held

at
Greenfield,Mass., June ist, 2nd and 3rd, 1892, the following
unanimously adopted :
preamble and resolutions were
Whereas, advertisements, cards and notices by dentists referring
and
teeth without plates,"
to
crown
bridge work, etc., frequently
in the publicprints,and
appear
At

meeting of the Conn.

the annual

"

Whereas, such advertisements,cards and

to the
new,

public,in that
and

that

superiorskill over
applied for
and
profession,

are

misleading

claim

or
they
imply that these devices are
in constructing these appliancesthey
a
possess
other practitioners,
and

Whereas, these
and

notices

devices

many

Whereas, the code

are

years

not

past

of ethics

new,

by

but

various

have

been

members

constructed
of the dental

governing dental societies says :

It is unprofessionalto resort
to public advertisements, cards,
hand-bills,posters, or signs,callingattention to peculiarstylesof
of prices,specialmodes
of operating; or to claim
work, lowness

"

DOMINION

2o6

DENTAL

JOURNAL

over
and that
Dentists are
neighboringpractitioners,"
superiority
frequentwitnesses,.'ind,at the same
time, the best judges of the
impositionsperpetratedby quacks ; and it is their duty to enlighten
and
the publicin regard to them," and
warn
cultivate the
to
Whereas, the objects of dental societies are
science and art of dentistryand all its collateral branches
vate
; to eleand sustain the professional
character of dentists,
and to promote
them
mutual
therefore
improvement,
among
for
the
information
and
Resolved,
protection of the public,this
such advertisements,cards and notices as not only
societycondemn
unprofessional,but usually deceptive either by statement
or
implication.
Geo. a. Maxfield,
D.D.S., Secretary.
"

Royal College
The
issued

for

announcement
to

licentiates.
Instructor

School, as
Directors

are

; L.

A.

of Dental

the

academic

year

Dr.

been

in

Crown

Drs. H.

Hippie has
Bridge and
T. Wood,

Clements, Treasurer

Martin, Geo. C. Davis, C. H.

for

School

Surgeons,

^^-

Thos.

added

President

; R.

M.

of

Dentistry.

1892-93 has
to

w^ork.

been

the staff of the

The

Board

of

retary
J. B. Willmott, SecFisher, Registrar; and C.

Bosanko.

The

Board

of Examiners

and
Presiding Examiner
Examiner
on
Physiology and Histology ; Dr. W. A. Legge,
and
Prosthetic Dentistry; R. M. Fisher, Medicine
Surgery ; J. G.
Roberts, Operative Dentistry and
Pathology ; A. H. Hippie,
Medica
and
Chemistry ; H. Wood, Materia
Therapeutics; G. C.
Davis, Anatomy ; N. Pearson, Practical Dentistryand Metal workconsists of Drs. J. B. Willmott, Operative Dentistry
The
School
Dental
and
Pathology ; L. Teskey, Principle and Practice of
and
Medicine
Surgery applied in Dentistry; W. W. Stuart,
Dentistry; L.
Regional Anatomy ; J. B. Willmott, Prosthetic
Teskey, Visceral Anatomy, Physiology and Histology ; AV. W.
Medica
and Therapeutics
Stuart,Chemistry ; W. E. Willmott, Materia
Crown
work
; A. H. Hippie,Bridge and
; W. E. Willmott,
of Practical Dentistry.
Demonstrator
and Teacher
The announcement
gives the Act in full with the amendments
of 1 891 and
by-laws of the R.C.D.S.,
1892, and the consolidated

1893

^"^^

'"

Rowe,

EDITORIAL
Ont.

in

students

The

attendance, session

Junior Class 42, Senior

dentistry,Universityof Toronto,
Doctors
of Dental Surgery.
follows

Dental

The

We

pardon
old

our

sure

are

for

us

Province

College

Class

of the

friends in Ontario

secured
could

not

expect

869.

to imitiate the

were

as

department of
gentlemen graduated as

Province

and

giving so much space to

of Quebec. Ontario, as

incorporation in

1891-92,
In

24.

eleven

in Canada,
and education
legislation
its family.
in Quebec Province
The profession
and

207

the

of

Quebec.

the other
the

the

provinceswill

movement

new

in the

first parent of dental

welcomes

followed

Quebec
push and

every

addition

to

the lead of
as

Ontario,
ever,
province,how-

of dental
progress
that it has succeeded
in

Ontario, and it is only now

in this respect,in justiceto the
gettinga dental school,and even
association

in

that
legallanguages,it may pay Ontario the sincerest flattery,
follow any lead in everyof imitation in somethings, but it cannot
thing.
The Dental Collegeof the Province of Quebec is negotiating
McGill
to be affiliated with
University(English) and Laval
University(French),and lectures are to be given in both languages.
The
English students will take the necessary medical lectures at
two

McGill, and the French

at

Laval, while

the

two

dental

faculties

and
continue
that fraternity
to exhibit
building,
had an interruption.The degree
which has never
and good feeling
of Doctor
of Dental
Surgery will be given by McGill and Laval,
and
of study will be three years, and embrace
the course
all the
Association
of Dental
Faculties.
requirements of the National
for the license to practisein the Province
Candidates
be
must
for four years, and also take the Collegecourse.
indentured
The
of matriculation
been raised to that requiredfor
standard
has
the entrance
the study of medicine, and must
be passed
upon
before indentureship.
will

use

the

14

one

DOMINION

2o8

DENTAL

Dr.

Our
has

readers

decided

Examiner

to

in

of the
and

locate

give a

In several

friends

will wish

him

to hear

from

in these

he

and

He

lecturers

lectures

on

much

ing
meet-

of the

school,

and

bridge

crown

missed.

shall expect

we

appointed

was

the midsummer

at

will be very

success,

co-editor,Dr. Hippie,

our

of the

one

series of sixteen
ways

that

Nebraska.

Omaha,

elected

was

Hippie.

last winter, and

work.

him

H.

Icarn

to

in

Chemistry

Board

to

was

will regret

A.

JOURNAL

His
and

now

many
then

pages.

Arrogant Critics.

Every thinking man

When

and

critics.

for

discussion,some

the unselfish

is

new

more

less

or

idea,or

an

old

critic.

desire to

get

it with

at the truth.

there

are

critics

renovated, is presented

one

critics will examine

But

Others

but
will

one

object
it by
"

measure

only standard of mathematical

certainty its exact
correspondence with their own
preconceptions. Dentistry,like
from
other occupations,
is not exempt
the professional
Thersites,
efforts of their fellow-workers
love to bring the modest
who
into
themselves
ridicule ; who
set
up, not only as connoisseurs,but as
when
professionalscolds,and who think
they ope their mouths,
no
dog should bark."
the advertisingquack and
be too severe
postor,
imOne
cannot
upon
who
but it is discouragingto men
mean
well,but who do
efforts sneered at by
to find their humble
not assume
infallibility,
is never
some
happy but when burning the
arrogant critic,who
before his own
incense of admiration
productions.
in
As a rule,the trulygreat men
who
not those
any sphere are
labor they have
find it necessary
to depreciatethought and
not
themselves
performed. The trulygreat are those who welcome

their

one

and

"

"

every

honest

search

for the truth, and

whose

criticism is crowned

man
by their charity. Many a worthy young
literaryand scientific effort in associations by

rrogance

of

some

self-elected

"Great

am,"

is deterred

the

whose

from

stupendous

over-bearing

REVIEWS

critics and

generous

do

of the

New

York, and

is due

only

not

the

to

fact that in criticism

zeal and

they

not

extend

men

We
their

to

Odontological Society

success

of

that

abilityof

its

members,

forgetthey

never

full

others.

it in

be

selves
them-

pretence

no

expect

the

with

the

doubt

no

possibly

may

make

charity such

confreres,in personal associations

of

man

profession is,however,

who

men,

who

pleasant recollections

have

another
The

noble
and

omniscience,

to

fact that

the

to

altogetherwrong.

he

right,and
of

him

blinds

conceit

209

are

illustrious
but

body
the

to

gentlemen.

Reviews.

S6j Useful

Published

D.D.S.

is

an

bolt

men

science

Book

and

he

of the
the

If

they

they

has

catered

them

to

It is

journals.
of Dr.

Medica

Brothers
a

of it,as

say

ready
as

is

"

well

useful.

Co., 1413

of the

wide

L.

F.

Pocket
Five

said of its

is not

class

this

of

want

niultu^n

nothing
of

of extracts

gatherum

Many

They

read

they

range

but

humanity,
from

most

after

practicaluse

size.

of the

for

M.D.

224

Quiz Series,and

It is

prepared

continues

in

the

to

the

most

regular grinds."

Dental

we

Lea

of didactic
students

of

can

valuable

practitioneras

interestingform

value

and

$1.

predecessors, that it is

memory-refresher

students

Philadelphia:

pages.

Students'

and

"

manual

WARNER,

the

and

food.
what

read

to

Steele knows
in

knowledge.

their

bolt

time

no

Therapeutics.

Co.

reference

answers,
as

STEELE,

Catching's Compendium.

Number
we

milk, and

they

as

omnium

an

and

the student.

and

H.

Dental

Wilmington

meat,

have

Dr.

practitioners. By

This

Wm.

By

scripturallyinclined

are

of Proverbs.

manner

Materia

knowledge

in tid-bits ;

the

the

by

of condensed

age
their

in parvo.

Dentist.

St.,Philadelphia. $2.50.

Filbert
This

for the Busy

Hints

well

questions

instruction,as
will find it most

DOMINION

2IO

Aficesthetics

Their

Buxton,

The

of

crossed

the

edition.

of the
To

regard

In

"

Co., 1012

Messrs.

of medicine

and

is doubtful

anaesthesia

in
specialist

have

Blakiston

has

done

if sufficient

scientific attention

and

dental

well
as
anaesthetic,

the

to

indiscriminate

renal diseases.

work

fact, the

because

as

best methods

the

it is

is

which

one

of

use

certain

The

be necessary
anaesthetics
nitrous

which

one

of administration.
with

in

monary
pul-

chapter on
gas is
physiologicalaction,apparatus, etc.

thorough, discussingthe

dentist

every

oxide

should

possess,

dentist needs.

every

requested to say, "look out for the 1892 edition

of Practical
Dentistry." Sold only
Catching'sCompendium
subscription.B. S. Catching,Atlanta, Ga.
We

are

Abstracts

of

anyone
year,

twenty
are

nearly
to

ten
more

more

who

largenumbers

five who

Review, says that dentistryis

callingthat
dentists

doing a
doing over

are

on

Dentists,

Dental

hundred

seven

name

the

lucrative

the

means

no

Out

Allport,in

W.

Dr. W.

of

Tournals.

The

From

Chicago

by

in the issue of this

surgery

a
dentists,especially,
warning may

and
very

as

and

ocean,

It

Blakiston,Son

in this
collegesto the subjectsembraced
little work, such
the preparation of the patient,
the
as

valuable
choice

paid in

P.

Price, $1.50.

Dr. Buxton

service to all branches

is

W.
By DUDLEY
of Royal College of Surgeons,
Dental
Hospital of London.

Anaesthetics

Street, 1892.

American

Administration.

Philadelphia:

reputationof

long ago

JOURNAL

M.D., B.S., Member

edition.

Walnut

and

uses

Administrator
Second

DENTAL

in

many

suppose

Chicago

business

of

he
over

it

to

be.

challenges

$15,000a

and
$10,000 a year,
than $5,000 a year, while there
are
doing more
whose
income
does not reach $1,000. The
net
who

are

FROM

ABSTRACTS

JOURNALS

THE

211

improperly educated
colleges. The
graduates annually turned out of the dental
and in
to practise,
majority of them are not in realityqualified
which
lower
the standing of
order to live they resort
to methods
the professionand reduce the profits
resultingfrom its practice.

chief

for this he finds

reason

Oral

Dr.

Taft

Hygiene.

excellent

article in the

Dental

RegisteVyin
dentists the necessityof instructing
their
which he impresses upon
of the mouth
When
and teeth.
a
patient
patients in the care
placeshimself in charge of a dentist,everything that will minister
be done, but too frequently
the
to the welfare of that patientshould
himself with an
dentist contents
operation upon one or two teeth,
and dismisses the patientwith the mouth
in such a condition
that
the best work
possiblein the way of fillingis of little permanent
is too little taught in dental
value.
There
colleges,and too little
the subjectof oral hygiene. It should
written in the journals,
upon
in dental societies so
that practitioners
be discussed more
would
have a better conception of the relation they should bear to their
patients. While this is true, however, he thinks that neglectdoes
from ignorance as from a lack of recognitionof
arise so much
not
the importance of the subject.
J.

has

of

in the horde

an

Clean

Dr.

George S. Allen, of

Journal,recommends
bichloride

of mercury

the
in

Instruments.

New
use

York, in the
of

steel instruments

bichloride,he

finds

they

one

thousand

elegantand
Contrary to the common

suffer from
that

to

one

rosewater,

fluid for instruments.

that

International

as

an

the

remain

solution

of

efficient disinfecting

of any solution
perfectlyunaffected
use

Dental

opinion
of the
after

of times.
the
being dipped in it hundreds
By the use of rosewater
bug-poison taste of the simple solution is entirelysupplanted by
As
the plain bichloride decoman
agreeable rose-flavored one.

DOMINION

212

poses, he advises
the

tartaric

rosewater

to

the

DENTAL

preparation of

tablets,and

the

sublimate
one

of the solution

of instruments

or

JOURNAL

for

when

solution

per cent,

one

addition

it is wanted

of nine

fronr"

parts of

for the disinfection

in the mouth.

use

Valley

Tan.

the

With

Indian, it is said
singleexception of the American
there has never
existed any people so low in intelligence
that they
have
devised
of obtaining alcohol in sufficient
not
some
means
strengthto produce intoxication.
Probably there is no product
that is
frozen

universal

so

mankind.

among

Even

the inhabitants

of the

get alcohol

the products of the arctic

by distilling
fir-trees. It is a singularfact that the American
Indian, who
alcohol by any
of himself obtained
of distillation,
never
process
has the most
was
a
never
ungovernable appetite for it. There
would
if the opportunityoffered.
native Indian who
not get drunk
The

North

themselves,

when

religiondoes
form

of Utah

Mormons

not

of it called

they

there

It looks

just the

masters

sale of alcohol

the
of

the

situation.

appetites,for they
Valley Tan, which is indigenous to
all the

their

characteristics

bitter,smells

loud, and

of

among

Yet

have

their
illicit

an

Mormondom.

distillation from

tastes

yellow,but

sage

it gets

same.

The
Linnaeus

are

conquer

It is said to have
brush.

allow

never

said

that

Rate

three

of Increase.

flies would

consume

horse

dead

The
fly
undoubtedly correct.
quicker than a lion,and he was
into the
produces 20,000 larvae daily,and as each of these comes
with what
all ready for business, it may
world
readily be seen
rapiditythey can multiply.
that if everything were
It has been estimated
favorable, if all
the waters
the globe were
on
composed of the proper culture
media
and none
were
destroyed the product of a singlebacterium
"

"

to their nethermost
might, in three days, fill all the oceans
And
yet
depths,so almost infinite is their rate of proliferation.
the latter does with Mont
with man
in size they may
as
compare

cell

Blanc.