Solid Works EMS Tutorials

EMS 2012
Tutorials
Printed Documentation
All rights reserved 2012 ElectroMagneticWorks Inc.

8300 St-Patrick, Suite 300, Montreal, H8N 2H1, Qc, CANADA - www.emworks.com - [email protected] - Phone: (514) 634 9797
Table of Contents
Electrostatic ...................................................................................................................................................................2
Air Modeling ...................................................................................................................................................................3
Air truncation .............................................................................................................................................................. 3
What is far enough? ...................................................................................................................................................3
Air meshing.................................................................................................................................................................3
An exception ............................................................................................................................................................... 3
Lesson EL1: Capacitance Matrix of a Two Conductors Structure ..................................................................................5
Description of the Problem .........................................................................................................................................5
Treating Solid Conductors in Electrostatic Analysis ....................................................................................................6
Method 1 ....................................................................................................................................................................7
Creating an Electrostatic Study ............................................................................................................................... 7
Assigning materials from the EMS Material Library ................................................................................................ 8
Load/Restraints ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
Meshing ................................................................................................................................................................ 14
Viewing the capacitance matrix ............................................................................................................................. 18
Method 2 .................................................................................................................................................................. 19
Creating the Electrostatic study ............................................................................................................................ 19
Assigning materials ............................................................................................................................................... 20
Load/Restraints ..................................................................................................................................................... 23
Meshing ................................................................................................................................................................ 26
Viewing the capacitance matrix ............................................................................................................................. 30
Generating a study report ......................................................................................................................................... 31
Lesson EL2: Electrostatic Analysis of a Dual-Layered Coaxial Cable .......................................................................... 33
Description of the Problem ....................................................................................................................................... 33
Creating an Electrostatic Study ................................................................................................................................ 34
iii
EMS_Tutorials
Assigning Materials from the EMS Material Library .................................................................................................. 35

Assigning Boundary Conditions ................................................................................................................................ 36
Meshing .................................................................................................................................................................... 38
Setting Meshing Options ....................................................................................................................................... 38
Applying Mesh Control .......................................................................................................................................... 39
Meshing the Model and Running the Study .......................................................................................................... 40
Displaying Mesh Information ................................................................................................................................. 41
Visualization of Results ............................................................................................................................................ 42
Displaying the Electrostatic Results ...................................................................................................................... 42
Manipulating Results ............................................................................................................................................. 45
Generating a Study Report ....................................................................................................................................... 48
Lesson EL3: Electrostatic Analysis of a Strip conductor .............................................................................................. 49
Assigning Restraints ................................................................................................................................................. 52
Meshing .................................................................................................................................................................... 56
Applying Mesh Controls ........................................................................................................................................ 57
Displaying Mesh Information ................................................................................................................................. 59
Displaying the Electrostatic Results ...................................................................................................................... 60
Manipulating Results ............................................................................................................................................. 63
Lesson EL4: Electrostatic Analysis and Capacitance Matrix Calculation ..................................................................... 65
iv
Table of Contents

Assigning Restraints ................................................................................................................................................. 69
Meshing .................................................................................................................................................................... 71
Applying Mesh Control .......................................................................................................................................... 72
Viewing the Capacitance Matrix ............................................................................................................................ 74
Lesson EL5: Insulators ................................................................................................................................................. 77
Assigning materials from the EMS Material Library .................................................................................................. 81
Load/Restraints ........................................................................................................................................................ 84
Applying Restraints ............................................................................................................................................... 84
Applying a grounded conductor ............................................................................................................................ 85
Applying a fixed voltage conductor ....................................................................................................................... 86
Meshing .................................................................................................................................................................... 87
Meshing the model and running the analysis ........................................................................................................ 87
Visualizing the electrostatic results ....................................................................................................................... 89
Displaying the Electric Field .................................................................................................................................. 90
Graphing the Electric Field on a line segment....................................................................................................... 93
Generating a study report ......................................................................................................................................... 94
Lesson EL6: Analysis of a ZR Vacuum Insulator Stack ............................................................................................... 95
v
EMS_Tutorials

Assigning materials from the EMS Material Library .................................................................................................. 99
Load/Restraints ...................................................................................................................................................... 101
Applying a Grounded Conductor ......................................................................................................................... 101
Applying a Fixed Voltage Conductor ................................................................................................................... 103
Applying a Floating Conductor ............................................................................................................................ 105
Meshing .................................................................................................................................................................. 108
Meshing the model and running the analysis ...................................................................................................... 108
Visualization of Results .......................................................................................................................................... 109
Visualizing the electrostatic results ..................................................................................................................... 109
Graphing the Electric Field on a line segment..................................................................................................... 110
Displaying the Potential ...................................................................................................................................... 111
Generating a study report ....................................................................................................................................... 113
Lesson MA1: Magnetostatic Force in a Simple Magnetic Circuit................................................................................ 115
Description of the Problem ..................................................................................................................................... 115
Creating a Magnetostatic Study.............................................................................................................................. 117
Adding a new material library ................................................................................................................................. 118
Assigning materials ................................................................................................................................................ 119
Adding a coil ........................................................................................................................................................... 120
Defining a force set................................................................................................................................................. 121
Meshing the assembly ............................................................................................................................................ 122
Running the study................................................................................................................................................... 123
Viewing the 3D magnetic flux density ................................................................................................................. 124
Line contouring of the magnetic field .................................................................................................................. 126
vi
Table of Contents
Viewing the force results table ............................................................................................................................ 128

Verifying the force results.................................................................................................................................... 129
Lesson MA2: Nonlinear Magnetostatic Example ........................................................................................................ 131
Description of the problem ...................................................................................................................................... 131
Creating a Magnetostatic study .............................................................................................................................. 133
Meshing the assembly ............................................................................................................................................ 134
Adding a B-H function curve ................................................................................................................................... 135
Adding a coil ........................................................................................................................................................... 138
Computing the force on the central pole ................................................................................................................. 139
Verifying the flux density results .......................................................................................................................... 141
Verifying the force results.................................................................................................................................... 143
Lesson MA3: Torque Calculation of Axial Coupling Between Two Permanent Magnets............................................ 145
Creating a new study .............................................................................................................................................. 147
Mesh control and meshing ..................................................................................................................................... 148
Creating a Permanent Magnet................................................................................................................................ 149
Computing the torque of the upper magnet ............................................................................................................ 151
Verifying the torque results ................................................................................................................................. 152
Lesson MT1: Motion Analysis of a Brushless Permanent Magnet DC Motor ............................................................. 155
About Brushless DC Motors ................................................................................................................................... 155
vii
EMS_Tutorials

Motion Related Issues ............................................................................................................................................ 158
Creating a Motion Study ......................................................................................................................................... 163
Preparing the Motion study in the MotionManager ................................................................................................. 165
Creating a Motion Study in the EMS Manager........................................................................................................ 169
Adding coils ............................................................................................................................................................ 173
Defining a force/torque set ..................................................................................................................................... 175
Meshing the Assembly and running the analysis .................................................................................................... 176
Visualization of Motion Results ............................................................................................................................... 178
Visualization of Results ....................................................................................................................................... 178
View the field results on the mesh ...................................................................................................................... 179
Plotting the torque and Back Emf versus angle .................................................................................................. 181
Plotting Kinematic Results in the EMS Manager ................................................................................................. 183
Plotting Kinematic Results in the MotionManager ............................................................................................... 184
Lesson MT2: Motion Analysis of a Solenoid .............................................................................................................. 189
About Solenoid ....................................................................................................................................................... 189
Motion Related Issues ............................................................................................................................................ 192
Creating a Motion Study ......................................................................................................................................... 196
Preparing the Motion study in the MotionManager ................................................................................................. 198
Creating a Motion Study in the EMS Manager........................................................................................................ 203
Adding coils ............................................................................................................................................................ 206
Defining a force/torque set ..................................................................................................................................... 208
Meshing the Assembly and running the analysis .................................................................................................... 209
viii
Table of Contents
Visualization of Motion Results ............................................................................................................................... 210

Visualization of Results ....................................................................................................................................... 210
View the field results on the mesh ...................................................................................................................... 211
Plotting the force and Back EMF ......................................................................................................................... 213
Plotting Kinematic Results in the EMS Manager ................................................................................................. 215
Lesson EC1 : Resistance Calculation of a Trimmed Resistor .................................................................................... 217
Description of the model ......................................................................................................................................... 217
Creating an Electric Conduction study .................................................................................................................... 218
Meshing the model ................................................................................................................................................. 219
Applying fixed voltage restraints ............................................................................................................................. 220
Defining a resistance set ........................................................................................................................................ 222
Viewing the vector plot of the current density...................................................................................................... 225
Graphing the current density on a line segment.................................................................................................. 227
Probing the potential ........................................................................................................................................... 228
Viewing the results table ..................................................................................................................................... 229
Lesson AC1: Asymmetrical Conductor Model with a Hole ......................................................................................... 231
Creating an AC Magnetic study .............................................................................................................................. 235
Adding a coil ........................................................................................................................................................... 241
Meshing the model and running the analysis ......................................................................................................... 243
ix
EMS_Tutorials

Viewing the 3D magnetic flux density in the modelplate ..................................................................................... 245
Viewing the vector plot of the current density...................................................................................................... 247
Verifying the flux density results .......................................................................................................................... 249
Lesson AC2: 3 Phases Power Transformer With Losses ........................................................................................... 253
Creating an AC Magnetic study .............................................................................................................................. 256
Adding Coils ........................................................................................................................................................... 259
Adding Coils ........................................................................................................................................................ 259
Adding the First Inner Coil................................................................................................................................... 260
Adding the Second Inner Coil ............................................................................................................................. 261
Adding the Third Inner Coil ................................................................................................................................. 262
Adding the First Outer Coil ...................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Adding the Second Outer Coil............................................................................................................................. 264
Adding the Third Outer Coil................................................................................................................................. 265
Load/Restraints ...................................................................................................................................................... 266
Applying Convection as a Thermal restraint........................................................................................................ 266
Meshing the model and running the analysis ......................................................................................................... 267
Visualizing the AC Magnetic Results .................................................................................................................. 268
Viewing 3D Magnetic flux results ........................................................................................................................ 269
Viewing Vector results ........................................................................................................................................ 271
Viewing 3D Loss Density results ......................................................................................................................... 273
Viewing 3D Temperature results ......................................................................................................................... 274
Viewing results table .......................................................................................................................................... 275
x
Table of Contents

Lesson TR1: Transient Analysis of Stepper Motor ..................................................................................................... 279
Creating a transient study ....................................................................................................................................... 280
Adding Coils ........................................................................................................................................................... 283
Adding Coils ........................................................................................................................................................ 283
Adding a coil to a transient study ........................................................................................................................ 284
Applying virtual work set ......................................................................................................................................... 298
Mesh ....................................................................................................................................................................... 299
Applying mesh control ......................................................................................................................................... 299
Meshing the model and running the study .......................................................................................................... 301
View the magnetic flux density ............................................................................................................................ 302
Iso clipping of magnetic flux density .................................................................................................................... 304
Viewing the results table ..................................................................................................................................... 307
Index .......................................................................................................................................................................... 309
xi
EMS is a 3D finite element field simulator for electromagnetic and electromechanical applications. It is fully
integrated in SolidWorks.
The following lessons provide step-by-step procedures on how to use the program efficiently. To learn about the
capabilities of EMS, please refer to the online help. EMS 2012 supports Electrostatic, Magnetostatic, Electric
Conduction, AC Magnetic and Transient Magnetic analyses.
You may start learning right away by clicking one of the tutorials below:
EMS_Tutorials
ANALYSIS
TYPE
LESSON WITH VALIDATION

EL2: Electrostatic Analysis of
Two Layered Dielectric
LESSON
EL1: Capacitance Matrix of a Two Conductors
Structure
Cylinder
EL5: Insulators
EL3: Electrostatic Analysis of
Electrostatic
a Strip Transmission Line
EL6: Analysis of a ZR Vacuum Insulator Stack
EL4: Electrostatic Analysis

and Capacitance Calculation of
a Crossover Structure
MA1: Magnetostatic Force in a
Simple Magnetic Circuit
MA2: Nonlinear Magnetostatic
Magnetostatic
Example
MA3: Torque Calculation of
MT1: Motion Analysis of a Brushless Permanent

Magnet DC Motor
MT2: Motion Analysis of a Solenoid
Axial Coupling Between Two

Permanent Magnets
Electric
EC1: Resistance Calculation of a Trimmed
Conduction
Resistor
AC1: Asymmetrical Conductor
AC Magnetic
AC2: 3 Phases Power Transformer With Losses

Model with a Hole
Transient
TR1: Transient Analysis of a Stepper Motor
Magnetic
Air Modeling
Unlike structural analysis, electromagnetic analysis requires the modeling of the air regions between different
components, as well as the air surrounding the devices. Why? Because electromagnetic fields generated by the
device span and extend over such air regions. How far do they extend? It depends on the frequency, the materials
of the device, and the strength of the source.
Air truncation
The air region surrounding the device is in essence infinite. This does not mean that the finite element model
would need to include an infinite region. The infinite region must be truncated in order to limit the number of
unknowns to a manageable size that can fit in the computer memory. What is the shape such region? It does not
matter as long as it is far enough from the device.
What is far enough?

There is no exact rule! But if you take an imaginary box that covers your device, placing your air region away from
you device by about 1 to 2 times the longest side of your box shall be far enough. How do can you check if it is
indeed so? Run your study and examine the fields on the outer boundary of the air. If the fields have decayed to
very small value compared to the maximum, then the outer boundary is far enough. Otherwise, push the outer
boundary even further out. But won't that lead to a very large problem? Not if you follow the guidelines below.
Air meshing
You have to distinguish between the outer air that is surrounding the device and the inside air between the various
parts of the device such air gaps. The inside air shall be meshed moderately fine to capture the fields
variations. However, the outer air need not to be fine because the fields decay away from the device.
An exception
Air has to be modeled and meshed for all the analyses, expect for the Electric Conduction. Since air has an
almost zero conductivity, it needs not to be meshed. Nonetheless, if the air region has a nonzero electric
conductivity due some reasons, then such region must also modeled even in the case the Electric Conduction
analysis.
Next
Lesson EL1: Capacitance Matrix of a Two Conductors Structure

Description of the Problem
Consider the circuit board shown below:
Where
The dimensions (in cm) in the X-Z plane are as shown in the figure.
Depth in the Y direction = 1.00 c m.
Relative permittivity of the substrate = r1 = 4.3 ( FR -4-ED).
The main purpose of this lesson is teach you how to compute the capacitance matrix of a multi-conductor
structure. In this lesson, you also learn the following:
Using multple configurations to analyze SolidWorks models

Assigning material to the various components using EMS Material Editor
Creating an Electrostatic analysis study
Applying grounded and floating conductor restraints
Treating solid conductors in Electrostatic analysis
Setting meshing options and meshing the assembly
Running the study
Viewing the basic results' table
You do not have to reconstruct the model in SolidWorks. Model is ready to use: Browse to <Current User> \
My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ EL1
Next
EMS_Tutorials
Treating Solid Conductors in Electrostatic Analysis

In Electrostatic analysis the electric field inside solid conductors is zero. Therefore solid conductors can be treated
by either of the two different methods:
Method 1: The conductors are modeled as mesh voids, i.e. not meshed, and a conductor boundary
condition assigned to their boundary faces. This method has the advantage of reducing the mesh size
and thus the number of unknowns. However, it is impossible to compute the forces and torques on the
conductors which are left as mesh voids. Therefore, if the calculation of the forces and torques is desired,
the next method must be used.
Method 2: The solid conductors are modeled as components and actually meshed. In such case, the
boundary conditions are assigned directly to the components. This method enables the computation of
forces and torques on the conductors.
Each method is applied in a different SolidWorks configuration.

Next
Method 1
Creating an Electrostatic Study
In Method 1 the solid conductors are treated as holes where the restraints are applied to the outer surfaces of the
holes. Therefore, it is important to suppress Conductor 1 and Conductor 2. This method is implemented in the
configuration Method 1.
To create an Electrostatic study:
1.
2.
Browse to <Current User> \ My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ EL1\

Open the 2Conductors.SLDASM assembly file.
3.
4.
Click on the ConfigurationManager tab

.
Activate the configuration Method 1 by double-clicking.
5.
6.
Click the EMS Manager tab

.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the 2Conductors icon and click Study.
7.
8.
Under Analysis Type, click

Electrostatic.
Check Compute capacitance box.
9.
If you want to accept the input and exit the Property Manager, click OK
10. If you want to accept the input and remain in the Property Manager to create more studies, click Apply.
Each time you click Apply a new study is created.
EMS creates the study in the EMS Manager tree.
It is important to click Ok and not Apply if only one study is desired.

Next
EMS_Tutorials
Assigning materials from the EMS Material Library

To define material properties for the air part:
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Air part icon in the Solids folder. A right-mouse menu opens.
2.
Select Apply Material to All Bodies. The Material page opens.
3.
From the Material Database pull-down menu, select EMS Materials.
4.
Click the (+) sign next to the Air library icon.
5.
Choose Air.
6.
Click OK
A checkmark appears on the Air part icon, indicating that a material has been applied to it.
Show me the Material Tree
To define material properties for the substrate:
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the substrate-1 icon in the Solids folder. A right-mouse menu opens.
2.
3.
4.
Click the (+) sign next to the Substrates folder to expand its contents.
5.
Click the (+) sign next to the Norplex/Oak folder to expand its contents.
6.
Choose FR-4-ED130.
7.
Click OK
Show me the Material Browser
Next
EMS_Tutorials
Load/Restraints
Applying Restraints
The following restraints or boundary conditions are applied to the model:
Grounded conductor to the bottom face of the model.
Floating conductor restraint to the first solid conductor.
Floating conductor restraint to the second solid conductor.
Next
10
Applying a grounded conductor to the ground plane

To apply a grounded conductor to the ground plane:
1.
Click Fixed Voltage
on the EMS toolbar.
The Fixed Voltage Property Manager appears.
2.
Click inside the Faces for Voltage box
3.
Type 0 in the Voltage box.
then select this face
To change the color of the restraint symbols click Edit color under Symbol settings. A color palette
opens. Select the desired color and click OK. To change the size, click inside the Symbol Size box and type a
value. To hide the symbols, un-check Show Preview.
4.
Click OK
EMS applies a voltage on the selected face and creates an icon named Fixed Voltage-1 in the Load/Restraint
folder of the EMS Manager tree.
To edit or delete an existing restraint:
1.
To edit a restraint, right-click its icon in the EMS Manager tree and select Edit Definition. Make the
desired changes and click OK.
2.
To delete a restraint, right click its icon in the EMS Manager tree and select Delete.
Next
11
EMS_Tutorials
Applying a Floating Conductor

Method 1 necessitates that the solid conductors be left as voids and floating restraints are applied to all four faces
of each conductor. Therefore the top surface of the substrate has to be split in such a way that the conductors are
projected on the substrate. After sketching 2 rectangles that represent such projection, use the SolidWorks
command Insert->Curve->Split Line to split the top surface of the substrate.
To apply a floating conductor to the first conducting solid
1.
Click Floating Conductor
on the EMS toolbar.
The Floating Conductor Property Manager appears.
2.
Click inside the Faces for Floating Conductor box
surfaces
then select the four
of the first solid conductor.

.
3.
Click OK
1.
The voltage values of a floating conductor can be specified later when visualizing the results. This gives
you flexibility in visualizing the results based on different voltage values without having to rerun the problem.
Next
12
Applying a Second Floating Conductor

Method 1 necessitates that the solid conductors be left as voids and floating restraints are applied to all four faces
of each conductor. Therefore the top surface of the substrate has to be split in such a way that the conductors are
projected on the substrate. After sketching 2 rectangles that represent such projection, use the SolidWorks
command Insert->Curve->Split Line to split the top surface of the substrate.
To apply a floating conductor to the second conducting solid
1.
on the EMS Loads toolbar.

2.
Click inside the Faces for Floating Conductor box
surfaces
3.
1.
Click OK
then select the four
of the second solid conductor.

.
The voltage values of a floating conductor can be specified later when visualizing the results.
This gives you flexibility in visualizing the results based on different voltage values without having
to rerun the problem.
Next
13
EMS_Tutorials
Meshing
Setting meshing options

Meshing depends on the active meshing options.
To set meshing options:
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the 2Conductors icon at the top of the tree and select Options.
The Options dialog box appears.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Click the Default Options tab.

Click on the Mesh menu item.
Select 1.4 for Element Growth Rate.
Keep Accurate Curvature Representation unchecked.
Under Automatic looping, clear Enable automatic looping for solids.
7.
Click OK
Next
14
Applying mesh control

Most of the electric field is concentrated in the substrate and around the conductors. Therefore, a mesh control
shall be used in these regions.
To apply the mesh control:
1.
Click Apply Control
on the EMS Main toolbar
The Mesh Control Property Manager appears.
2.
3.
4.
Click inside the Components and Solid Bodies box

.
Click on the (+) sign in the upper left corner of the graphics area to open the components tree.
Click on the Substrate icon. It will appear in the Components and Solid Bodies list.
5.
6.
Click inside Faces box

.
Select all 8 faces of the two floating conductors.
7.
Under Control Parameters click inside the Element Size
8.
Click OK
box and type 2mm.
To change the color of the mesh control symbols click Edit color under Symbol settings. A color palette
Next
15
EMS_Tutorials
Meshing the Model and Running the Analysis

EMS uses the active meshing options to create the mesh.
To mesh the model:
1.
Click Mesh
on the EMS toolbar.
The Mesh Property Manager appears suggesting Global Size

2.
Type 5.0mm in the Global Size
3.
Click OK
and Tolerance
box and 0.1mm in the Tolerance
values.
box.
Meshing starts, and the Mesh Progress window appears. After meshing is completed, EMS displays the
meshed model.
4.
Click Run Study
on the EMS toolbar.
The analysis runs and the default plots are created in the EMS Manager Tree.
The meshing Tolerance

shall be less than the smallest mesh control size in the model. It should also be
less than the smallest edge in the model; otherwise such edge would be collapsed.
Next
16
Displaying the mesh information

To display the mesh information:
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click Mesh and select Details.
EMS displays the mesh information.

2.
Close the Mesh Details list box.
To hide or show the mesh:

Click Show/Hide Mesh
on the EMS toolbar.
EMS toggles the visibility of the mesh.

Next
17
EMS_Tutorials
Viewing the capacitance matrix
Viewing the results table

To view the results table:
1.
Click Results Table
on the toolbar.
The capacitance matrix appears.
2.
3.
To print the results, click Print.

To export the results, click Export.
The above capacitance matrix will be available only when the study properties Compute capacitance check
box is checked.
Next
18
Method 2
Creating the Electrostatic study
In Method 2 the solid conductors are meshed. Therefore, it is important to un-suppress Conductor 1 and
Conductor 2. This method is implemented in the configuration Method 2.
1.
2.
If the assembly is not already open, browse to <Current User> \ My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS
Examples\ EL1 \
Open the 2Conductors.SLDASM assembly file if it is not already open .
3.
4.
Click on the ConfigurationManager tab

.
Activate the configuration Method 2 by double-clicking.
5.
6.

.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the 2Conductors icon and click Study.
7.
8.

Electrostatic.
9.
If you want to accept the input and exit the Property Manager, click OK
10. Click Apply if you want to accept the input and remain in the Property Manager to create more studies.
Each time you click Apply a study is created.

Next
19
EMS_Tutorials
Assigning materials
To define material properties for the air part:
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Air part icon in the Solids folder. A right-mouse menu opens.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Choose Air.
6.
Click OK
To define material properties for the substrate:
1.
20
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the substrate-1 icon in the Solids folder. A right-mouse menu opens.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the (+) sign next to the Norplex/Oak folder to expand its contents.
6.
Choose FR-4-ED130.
7.
Click OK
Show me the Material Browser
To define material properties for Conductor1:
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, while holding the Control Key down, select Conductor-1 and Codncutor-2 icons
in the Solids folder.
2.
Right-click on the selection. A right-mouse menu opens.
3.
4.
5.
Click the (+) sign next to the Conductor material folder to expand its contents.
6.
Choose Copper.
7.
Click OK
21
EMS_Tutorials
To define material properties for Conductor2 by drag and drop:
The above method uses the multi-selection feature to apply Copper to both conductors. You can always apply the
Copper to only one conductor and use the drag and drop feature for the second conductor. That is, drag and drop
Body-1 under Conductor-1 to Body-1 under Conductor-2.
Next
22
Load/Restraints
Applying zero volt to the ground plane

1.
Click Fixed Voltage
on the EMS Loads toolbar.
2.
3.
then select the bottom face of the substrate.
4.
Click OK
1.
2.
Next
23
EMS_Tutorials

1.
on the EMS toolbar.
2.
Click inside the Components or Bodies for Floating Conductor box
3.
Click OK
then select Conductor-1.
The voltage values of a floating conductor can be specified later when visualizing the results. This gives you
flexibility in visualizing the results based on different voltage values without having to rerun the problem.
Next
24
Applying a Second Floating Conductor

To apply a floating conductor to the second conducting solid
1.
on the EMS toolbar.
2.
3.
Click OK
then select Conductor-2.
Next
25
EMS_Tutorials
Meshing
Setting meshing options

1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the 2Conductors icon at the top of the tree and select Options.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
Click OK
Next
26

Most of the electric field is concentrated in the substrate and around the conductors. Therefore, a mesh control
shall be used in these regions.
1.
Click Apply Control
on the EMS Main toolbar
2.
3.
4.

.
Click on the Substrate, Conductor 1, and Conductor 2 icons. They will appear in the Components and
Solid Bodies list.
5.
6.
Click OK
box and type 2mm.
Next
27
EMS_Tutorials
Meshing the model

To mesh the model:
1.
Click Mesh
on the EMS toolbar.

2.
3.
Click OK
and Tolerance
values.
box.
meshed model.
4.
Click Run Study
on the EMS toolbar.

Next
28
Displaying the mesh information

1.

2.
Close the Mesh Details list box.

Click Show/Hide Mesh
on the EMS toolbar.

Next
29
EMS_Tutorials

To view the capacitance matrix:
1.
Click Results Table
on the toolbar.
2.
3.

The above capacitance matrix will be available only when the study properties Compute capacitance check
box is checked.
Next
30
Generating a study report

The Report utility generates an internet-ready document convenient for reviews by colleagues and supervisors.
To generate a study report:
1.
In the EMS manager tree right-click the Report
and select Define.
The Report dialog box appears.

2.
In the Settings for list box, check the item that you want to include in the report and enter the information
related to that item in the Preview box.
You can include your company's logo on the cover page of your report.
4.
5.
Select the Show report inside SolidWorks check box.

Click OK.
To save the SolidWorks model and the analysis information in the part document:
Click File, Save.
Go back to the main page
31
Lesson EL2: Electrostatic Analysis of a Dual-Layered Coaxial Cable

In this example, two coaxial dielectric cylinders are presented, as seen from the X-Y plane in the figure below. The
cylinders have radii with the following dimensions:
a = 5mm
b = 10mm
The depth of the cylinders is z = 10cm (100mm) in the Z direction.
The outer dielectric has a relative permittivity r1 = 5, and the inner dielectric has a relative permittivity r2 = 2.
The combined assembly is placed within an air box of dimensions 100mm 100mm 100mm. An existing field E0
= 100 V/m is headed in the +X direction from the Y-Z face of the air box in the -X direction to the corresponding YZ face in the +X direction.
In this lesson, you learn the following:
Assigning material to the various components using the EMS material editor
Applying grounded conductors and conductors with fixed non-zero voltages
Running a study
Viewing basic results of Electrostatic analysis
Manipulating the post-processing results
Generating an Html report
Next
33
EMS_Tutorials

1.
2.
Browse to <Current User> \ My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ EL2 \

Open the TwoLayerCylinder.SLDASM assembly file.
3.
4.
Click on the EMS manager tab

.
In the EMS manager tree, right-click on the TwoLayerCylinder icon and select Study.
You will see the choices of possible studies in the Property Manager tab.
5.
Electrostatic.
6.
7.
If you want to accept the input, and exit the Property Manager, click on OK
.
If you want to accept the input and remain in the Property Manager to create more studies, click Apply.
8.
Each time you click Apply, a new study is created.

It is important to click OK and not Apply if only one study is desired.

Next
34
Assigning Materials from the EMS Material Library

To define material properties for the air box:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
In the EMS Manager tree, click on the (+) sign next to the Solids folder, then the (+) sign next to
CombinedAssembly folder.
Right Click on the body labelled AirBox. A right-mouse menu appears.
Select Apply Material. The Material Browser page opens.
Click on the (+) sign next to the Air library icon.
Select Air.
7.
Click on OK
A checkmark appears on the Air Box icon, indicating that a material has been applied to it.
To define the material properties for the outer dielectric cylinder:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Right Click on the body labelled OuterCylinder. A right-mouse menu appears.
From the Material Database pull-down menu, select Tutorials.
Click on the (+) sign next to the Main Folder to expand its contents.
Select OuterDielectric.
7.
Click on OK
To define the material properties for the inner dielectric cylinder:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Right Click on the body labelled InnerCylinder. A right-mouse menu appears.
Select InnerDielectric.
7.
Click on OK
A checkmark appears on the Solids icon when materials have been applied to all parts in the assembly.
Next
35
EMS_Tutorials
Assigning Boundary Conditions

In order to apply the electric field E0 = 100 V/m, a voltage difference of 10V should be applied between the the leftmost plane of the air box (the plane parallel to the Y-Z plane at X = -50mm) and the right-most plane (X = +50mm).
To apply a grounded conductor to the right-most plane:
1.
In the EMS manager tree right-click on the Load/Restraint icon
2.
Select Fixed Voltage
3.
Click inside the Face Selection
4.
5.

To view the restraint symbols, click on Show Preview.
. The Fixed Voltage Property Manager appears.

box and then select this face.
opens. Select the desired color and click OK. To change the size, click inside the Symbol Size box and
type a value. To hide the symbols, un-check Show Preview.
6.
Click OK
EMS applies a voltage on the selected face, and creates an icon named Fixed Voltage - 1 in the Load/Restraint
To apply a voltage to the left-most plane:
1.
36
In the EMS manager tree right-click on the Load/Restraint
icon
2.
Select Fixed Voltage
. The Fixed Voltage Property Manager appears.
3.
4.
5.

6.
Click OK
1.
To edit a restraint, right-click its icon in the EMS Manager tree and select Edit Definition.
2.
Make the desired changes and click OK

.
To delete a restraint, right-click its icon in the EMS Manager tree and select Delete.
Next
37
EMS_Tutorials
Meshing
Setting Meshing Options
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the TwoLayerCylinder icon at the top of the tree and select Options.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Next
38

Click OK.
Applying Mesh Control

The largest variation of the resulting electric field intensity occurs just outside and just inside the perimeter of the
outer cylinder. For this reason, it is best to add more elements per length on the entire surface of the outer cylinder.
1.
In the EMS manager tree right-click on the Mesh
2.
Select Apply Mesh Control
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click inside the Faces

box.
Click on the (+) sign next to the CombinedAssembly icon.
Click on the (+) sign next to the Solid Bodies icon.
Right-click on the AirBox, and select Hide Solid Body.
Click on the surface of the outer cylinder. It will appear on the Faces list.
9.
10. Click OK
icon
. The Mesh Control Property Manager appears.
box and type 1mm.
To change the color of the mesh control symbols, click Edit Color under Symbol Settings. A color palette
Next
39
EMS_Tutorials
Meshing the Model and Running the Study

To mesh the model:
1.
In the EMS manager tree right-click on the Mesh
2.
Select Creat Mesh
icon
and Tolerance
values.
3.
box.
4.
Click OK
5.
meshed model.
In the EMS manager tree right-click on Study 1.
6.
Select Run Study
on the EMS toolbar.

Next
40
Displaying Mesh Information

1. In the EMS Manager tree, right-click Mesh

2. Close the Mesh Details pop-up window.
and select Details.
1. In the EMS manager tree right-click on the Mesh

2. Select Show/Hide Mesh on the EMS toolbar.
icon.

Next
41
EMS_Tutorials
Visualization of Results
Displaying the Electrostatic Results
Plots are displayed in a window different from the model geometry. You can toggle between the model and the
results window by clicking on the corresponding tab at the lower left corner of the graphics area. To activate the
model geometry window click on the Model tab. To activate the results window click on the Plot Results tab.
To display the Electric Field profile:
1.
2.
In the EMS Manager tree, click the (+) sign beside the Electric Field folder. Electric Field - 1 appears.
Double-click on Electric Field - 1.
The electric field plot is displayed in the Plot Results window.
To manipulate the plot view, it is important to use the EMS view toolbar and not the SolidWorks view toolbar.
When you click on the Model tab, the above toolbar is deactivated in order to avoid confusion with the SolidWorks
view toolbar.
To create a new plot:
1.
2.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click on the Electric Field folder and select 3D.
The Electric Field Property Manager appears.
In the Display box:
a. Select Er from the electric field components. Directions are based on the global coordinate
system.
o Ex: Electric Field in the X direction
o Ey: Electric Field in the Y direction
o Ez: Electric Field in the Z direction
o Er: Resultant Electric Field
b.
c.
d.
3.
Set Units
to V/m.
Select Fringe from Plot Type.
Select Continuous from the Fringe Type.
Click on OK
Right click inside the plot window and select front view to get the same view below. The electric field plot is shown
below and compared to the result from [1].
42
43
EMS_Tutorials
References:
[1] Peric, M.T.; Cvetkovic, Z.Z;, Aleksic, S.R., "Two Layers Dielectric Cylinder in Homogeneous Field," Proceedings
of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation: EuCAP (ESA SP-626). 6-10 November 2006, Nice,
France. Editors: H. Lacoste & L. Ouwehand. Published on CDROM., p.396.1
Next
44
Manipulating Results
To view a section of the 3D plot:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Right-click on the Electric Field plot you created.

Select Section Clipping.
Select the Top Plane Section Clipping button.
In the Distance box enter 50mm.
Check Plot on Section Only.
Check Section 2 to add another section on the same plot.
Select the Right Plane Section Clipping button.
In the Distance box enter 0mm.
Check Section 3 to add a final section on the same plot.
It is possible to add a fourth section on the same plot, if desired.

10. Select the Front Plane Section Clipping button.
11. In the Distance box enter 0mm.
12. Click OK
The viewed sections are shown below.
To view a rectangular plot with the electric field intensities:
45
EMS_Tutorials
1.
2.
Right-click the Electric Field folder in the EMS Manager tree and select 2D Plot.
Select Er from the electric field components. Directions are based on the global coordinate system.
3.
4.
5.
Set Units
to V/m.
From the SolidWorks Feature Manager tree in the upper left corner of the graphics area, select the end
points of the line segment Point1 and Point2.
Type 100 for the number of points on the segment.
6.
Select OK
Below are some features of the 2D plot.
To see the listing of the electric field click on the Listing tab.
The distance D plotted on x-axis is from the first point selected in the segment.
To change the plot's properties, double click on the plot or click on the properties button
To turn the markers on, click on the marker button

.
To track the values on the curve, drag the pointer on the curve.
To save the plot click on File->Save As and choose the desired format.
To copy the plot make sure that the 2D Plot tab is active and click on Edit->Copy.
To export the data to a text file or an Excel sheet, activate the Listing tab and click on Edit->Copy.
The results of the 3D electric field plot and the magnitudes of the two points Point 1 (51.59 V/m) and Point 2
(29.93 V/m) as a ratio versus E0 (100 V/m) closely match the results obtained from [1]. Naturally, refining the mesh
further would yield more accurate results at the cost of time.
46
References:
[1] Peric, M.T.; Cvetkovic, Z.Z;, Aleksic, S.R., "Two Layers Dielectric Cylinder in Homogeneous Field," Proceedings
of the European Conference on Antennas and Propagation: EuCAP (ESA SP-626). 6-10 November 2006, Nice,
France. Editors: H. Lacoste & L. Ouwehand. Published on CDROM., p.396.1
Next
47
EMS_Tutorials
Generating a Study Report

1.
In the EMS manager tree right-click on Reports
and select Define.

2.
4.
5.

Click OK.
You can navigate through different sections of your report by clicking on the links at the top.
Click File, Save.
48
Lesson EL3: Electrostatic Analysis of a Strip conductor

This problem deals with a strip transmission line embedded within a dielectric substrate of relative premittivity r2 =
12.85, as shown in the figure below, which depicts a cross section of the problem. The strip conductor is of
infinitesimal thickness, with width w = 5mm. A voltage of 1V is applied to the strip.
The substrate is confined to a conducting shield from each side of the cross section. The shielding box is, in fact,
grounded, and has width a = 20mm, and height b = 10mm
Running a study
My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ EL3\Stripline.SLDASM
Next
49
EMS_Tutorials

1.
2.

Open the Stripline.SLDASM assembly file.
3.
4.
Click on the EMS manager tab

.
In the EMS manager tree, right-click on the Stripline icon and click Study. You will see the choices of
possible studies in the Property Manager tab.
Under Analysis Type, click Electrostatic.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Click on OK
if you want to accept the input and exit the Property Manager.
Click Apply if you want to accept the input and remain in the Property Manager to create more studies.

Next
50

To define the material properties for the air box:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
In the EMS Manager tree, Click on the (+) sign next to the Solids icon.
Right-click on the AirBox icon. A right-mouse menu appears.
Click on the (+) sign next to the Air folder to expand its contents.
Select Air.
7.
Click on OK
To define the material properties for the dielectric substrate:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
In the EMS Manager tree, Click on the (+) sign next to the Solids icon.
Select the Substrate icons by holding the CTRL key and clicking on them. Then right-click on the
selection.
A right-mouse menu appears.
6.
Click the (+) sign next to the Rogers Corp. folder to expand its contents.
7.
Choose TMM-13.
8.
Click on OK
Next
51
EMS_Tutorials
Assigning Restraints
The stripline has an electric potential of 1V, while the shield conductor around the substrate is grounded. Two
restraints are to be applied.
To apply a grounded conductor around the substrate:
52
1.
Hide the Air box component.
2.
In the EMS manger tree, right-click the Load/Restraint

Voltage Property Manager appears.
3.

the top, bottom, left, and right..
icon and select Fixed Voltage
. The Fixed
box and then select these faces, which surround the dielectric from
4.
5.

6.
Click OK
To apply a voltage to the strip conductor:
1.
In the EMS manger tree, right-click the Load/Restraint

Voltage Property Manager appears.
icon and select Fixed Voltage
. The Fixed
53
EMS_Tutorials
2.
Right-click on the top half of the substrate and select Hide.
3.
4.
5.

6.
Click OK
54
To show the top half of the assembly after hiding it, click on the Feature Manager tab in SolidWorks and click on
Substrate. Then click on Show Component.

1.
2.
desired changes and click OK

.
Next
55
EMS_Tutorials
Meshing
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Stripline icon at the top of the tree and select Options.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Next
56

Click OK.
Applying Mesh Controls

1.
In the EMS manager tree, right-click on the Mesh

toolbar
icon and select Apply Control
on the EMS Main
The Mesh Control PropertyManager appears.
2.
3.
4.

.
Click on the Substrate icons. They will appear in the Components and Solid Bodies list.
5.
6.
Click OK
box and type 1.2mm.
Next
57
EMS_Tutorials

To mesh the model:
1.

toolbar.
icon and select Create Mesh

2.
Type 3mm in the Global Size
3.
Click OK
and Tolerance
on the EMS
values.
box.
meshed model.
4.
Int the EMS manager tree, right-click on Study 1 and select Run Study

Next
58
Displaying Mesh Information


Close the Mesh Details pop up window.

Click Show/Hide
Mesh on the EMS toolbar.

Next
59
EMS_Tutorials
Displaying the Electrostatic Results
Plots are displayed in a window different from the model geometry. You can toggle between the model and the
To display the Electric Potential profile:
1.
2.
In the EMS Manager tree, click the (+) sign beside the Potential folder. Potential - 1 appears.
Double-click on Potential - 1.
The electric potential plot is displayed in the Plot Results window. Right click inside the plot window and
select front view to get the same view below. This result is compared to the one from [1].
60
To manipulate the plot view, it is important to use the EMS view tool bar and not the SolidWorks view toolbar.
When you click on the Model tab, the above toolbar is deactivated in order to avoid confusion with the SolidWorks
view toolbar.
To create a new Electric Field plot:
1.
2.
In the Display box:
system.
b.
c.
d.
3.
Set Units
to V/m.
Select Continuous from the Fringe Type.
Click on OK
61
EMS_Tutorials
References:
[1] Chyuan, S.W.; Liao, Y.S., Chen, J.T.; "An Efficient Method for Solving Electrostatic Problems," Computing in
Science and Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 3, May-June 2003, pp. 52-58
Next
62
Manipulating Results
To view a rectangular plot with the electric potential:
1.
Right-click the Electric Field folder in the EMS Manager tree and select 2D Plot.
2.
3.
4.
Set Units
to V/cm.
5.
Select OK
Try to do the same type of plot between Point2 and Point3.

To see the listing of the electric field click on the Listing tab.
To track the values on the curve, click on the drag button

and drag the pointer on the curve.
The results of the 3D electric potential plot and the magnitudes of the reference points Point 1 (0.7086 V), Point 2
(0.6821 V) and Point 3 (0.1866 V) as a ratio versus the maximum potential V0 = 1V on the stripline closely match
the results obtained from [1]. Naturally, refining the mesh further would yield more accurate results at the cost of
time.
References:
[1] Chyuan, S.W.; Liao, Y.S., Chen, J.T.; "An Efficient Method for Solving Electrostatic Problems," Computing in
Science and Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 3, May-June 2003, pp. 52-58
Next
63
EMS_Tutorials

1.
In the EMS manager tree right-click Report
and select Define.

2.
4.
5.

Click OK.
Click File, Save.
64
Lesson EL4: Electrostatic Analysis and Capacitance Matrix

Calculation
The following example is a 3D model of six conductors embedded within a set of dielectric materials. Two
conductors cross over another pair. Two conductors are placed below the cross-over conductors, and are bent at
90 degrees.
Each straight conductor has a length of 13mm, and a cross-section of 1mm 1mm. The bent conductors have the
same cross-section, and their piecewise lengths are shown in the figure above. The electric permittivities of the
65
EMS_Tutorials
dielectric layers are, from the bottom, r1 = 2, r2 = 3, r3 = 3, r4 = 4, r5 = 4, r6 = 5, r7 = 5. The thickness of

each layer is 1mm, except for the thrid layer from the bottom. (In this layer, the thickness is 2mm. The total height
of the setup is 8mm.) The remaining dimensions, as seen from the figure, are a = b = 13mm, and S1 = 3.5mm, S2
= 3mm.
Running a study
Computing the capacitance matrix
Next
66
Lesson EL4: Electrostatic Analysis and Capacitance Matrix Calculation

1.
2.

Open the Crossover.SLDASM assembly file.
3.
4.
Click on the EMS manager tab .

In the EMS manager tree, right-click on the Crossover icon and click Study. You will see the choices of
possible studies in the Property Manager tab.
In the ProperyManager, under Name:
Under Analysis Type, click Electrostatic.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Click on OK
Click Apply if you want to accept the input and remain in the Property Manager to create more studies.
10. EMS creates the study in the EMS Manager tree.

Next
67
EMS_Tutorials

To define material properties for the air box:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
In the EMS Manager tree, click on the (+) sign next to the Solids folder.
Right Click on the body labelled Air. A right-mouse menu appears.
Click on the (+) sign next to the Air library icon.
Select Air.
7.
Click on OK
A checkmark appears on the AirBox icon, indicating that a material has been applied to it.
To define the material properties for the conductors:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
In the EMS Manager tree, click on the (+) sign next to the Solids folder.
Select all the conductors by holding the shift key and selecting Cond1 and Cond6.
Right Click and select Apply Material to All... The Material Browser page opens.
Click on the (+) sign next to the Conductor material folder to expand its contents.
Select Silver.
7.
Click on OK
To define the material properties for the dielectric layers:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Right Click on the body labelled Dielectric1. A right-mouse menu appears.

Select e2.
6.
Click on OK
To apply the materials to the other dielectric, follow the same procedure, and apply the material that corresponds
to the desired layer: e3 to the second and third layers from the bottom, e4 to the fourth and fifth, e5 to the sixth and
seventh.
Next
68
Assigning Restraints
The top and bottom faces of the assembly are grounded. Since the mutual effect of the conductors will be
evaluated to form the capacitance matrix, the conductors will be labeled as floating conductors.
To apply a grounded conductor on the top and bottom faces of the substrate:
1.

Fixed Voltage Property Manager appears.
2.

perpendicular to the Y-axis.
3.
4.

Icon and select Fixed Voltage
. The
box and then select these faces, the top and bottom faces
5.
Click OK
EMS applies a ground on the selected face, and creates an icon named Fixed Voltage - 1 in the Load/Restraint
69
EMS_Tutorials
1.
Icon and select Floating Conductor
The Floating Conductor PropertyManager appears.
2.
3.
Click OK
then select Cond1.
Repeat the same process for each of the remaining five conductors separately, in order to have six floating
conductors.

1.
2.
desired changes and click OK

.
Next
70
Meshing
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Crossover icon at the top of the tree and select Options.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7.
Click OK
Next
71
EMS_Tutorials
Applying Mesh Control

The electric field will be at its highest intensity, should there be a voltage difference between the conductors,
around the contour of the conductors. This means that the mesh size in the dielectrics should be smaller than that
of the air box. Moreover, the conductors must have a fairly small mesh size compared to the air box.
To apply the mesh control on the conductors:
1.

Control Property Manager appears.
icon and select Apply Mesh Control
. The Mesh
2.
3.
4.

.
Click on the conductors: Cond1 through Cond6.
5.
6.
Click OK
box and type 0.5mm.
To change the color of the mesh control symbols, click Edit Color under Symbol Settings. A color palette
To apply the mesh control on the substrates:
1.

Control Property Manager appears.
2.
3.
4.

.
Click on the dielectric: Dielectric1 through Dielectric7.
5.
6.
Click OK
Next
72
box and type 0.25mm.
. The Mesh

To mesh the model:
1.

2.
Type 2mm in the Global Size
3.
Click OK
and Tolerance
.
values.
box.
meshed model.
4.
In the EMS manager tree right-click on Study 1 and select Run Study

Next
73
EMS_Tutorials
Viewing the Capacitance Matrix
1.
In the EMS manager tree, double-click Results Table
2.
3.

References:
[1] Zhenhai Zhu, Hao Ji, Wei Hong, "An Efficient Algorithm for the Parameter Exctraction of 3-D Interconnect
Structures in the VLSI Circuits: Domain-Decomposition Method," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and
Techniques, vol. 45, no. 8, August 1997, pp. 1179-1184
Next
74

1.
then select Define.

2.
4.
5.
Select the Show report inside solidworks, check box.

Click OK.
Click File, Save.
75
Lesson EL5: Insulators

For power applications, the electrostatic analysis module of EMS can be used to analyze 3D models of electrode
devices and power-line insulators (Figure 1). The model of interest in this example is a power-line.
The phase line operates at a phase-to-ground voltage of 80kV rms. The field is calculated at the point of the AC
waveforms, when the center phase voltage is at its peak.
The model is composed of aluminum conductor lines and copper clamps (Figure 2). The clamps connect the
conductors to the silicon rubber and fibregalss insulators, which in turn connect to the tower. The electrostatic
module determines the electric field and the displacement field . These fields can be viewed in a full 3D plot, or in a
set segment (or multi segment) 2D plot showing the field at certain positions in the model. For instance, the electric
field is obtained along a segment that passes through the middle of the silicon rubber insulator.
Figure 1. Complete pole assembly.
Figure 2. Close-up view of the middle-phase insulator.
77
EMS_Tutorials
Figure 3. Section view of the middle-phase insulator with fiberglass and silicon rubber components.
78
Next
79
EMS_Tutorials

1.
2.

Open the Insulator_Assm.SLDASM assembly file.
3.
4.
5.

.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Insulator_Assm icon and click Study.
In the Property Manager, under Name, take the default name or type the name of the study.
6.
7.

Electrostatic
Keep the Compute capacitance Box Unchecked.
8.
9.
Click OK
if you want to accept the input and exit the PropertyManager.
Click Apply if you want to accept the input and remain in the PropertyManager to create more
studies. Each time you click Apply a study is created.

Next
80

To define material properties for the air parts:
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, click the (+) sign next to Solids folder icon. Using the Ctrl key select the
Inner_Air-1 and Outer Air-1 icons
2.
Right-click and select Apply Material to All Bodies. The Material page opens.
3.
4.
5.
Choose Air.
6.
Click OK
A check mark appears on the Air part icon, indicating that a material has been applied to it.
To assign material properties for Conductor-1 and Hanger-1 :
1.
Select the Conductor-1 and Hanger-1 icons
81
EMS_Tutorials
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the (+) sign next to the Conductor Material library icon.
6.
Select Aluminium.
7.
Click OK
To assign material properties for Contact-1, Contact_2-1 and Ground_ContactÎnsulator_Assm-1 :
1.
Select the Contact-1, Contact_2-1 and Ground_ContactÎnsulator_Assm-1 icons
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click the (+) sign next to the Conductor Material library icon.
6.
Select Copper.
7.
Click OK
To assign material properties for Fibre-1 :
1.
Right-click Fiber-1 icon and select Apply Material to All Bodies. The Material page opens.
2.
3.
4.
Click the (+) sign next to the Main Folder to expand its contents.
5.
Select Fiberglass.
6.
Click OK
To assign material properties for Insulator-1 :
1.
82
Right-click Insulator-1 icon and select Apply Material to All Bodies. The Material page opens.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Select Silicon Rubber.
6.
Click OK
Next
83
EMS_Tutorials
Load/Restraints
Applying Restraints
The following restraints or boundary conditions are applied to the model:
First Grounded conductor.
Second Grounded conductor.
Next
84
Applying a grounded conductor

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click inside the Components or Bodies for Voltage box

Select Conductor-1 component.
4.
Click OK
1.
2.
Next
85
EMS_Tutorials
Applying a fixed voltage conductor

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Select the following three components:
1. Ground_ContactÎnsulator_Assm-1
2. Contact_2-1
4.
Click OK
EMS applies a voltage on the selected face and creates an icon named Fixed Voltage-1 in the
Load/Restraint folder of the EMS Manager tree.
1.
2.
Next
86
Meshing
Meshing the model and running the analysis
Before creating the mesh, we will apply mesh controls to some parts creating a finer mesh on these parts. Finally,
we mesh the whole assembly using the active settings and the specified controls. To know how to perform each
procedure, click its link from below.
Applying first mesh control.
To apply first mesh control:
1.
2.
3.
4.

.
Click on the following parts:
Conductor-1 icon.
Contact-1 icon.
Contact_2-1 icon.
Hanger-1 icon.
Ground_ContactÎnsulator_Assm-1
they will appear in the Components and Solid Bodies list.
5.
6.
Click OK
box and type 7.0mm.
Applying second mesh control.
To apply the second mesh control:
1.
2.
87
EMS_Tutorials
3.
4.
Click on the following parts:
Insulator-1 icon.
Fibre-1 icon.
they will appear in the Components and Solid Bodies list.
5.
6.
Click OK
box and type 5.0mm.
Meshing the entire assembly
To mesh the assembly and run the analysis:
1.
2.
3.

Type 24 as average number of mesh element per diagonal for each solid body
Check Run analysis after meshing box.
4.
Click OK
Meshing starts and the Mesh Progress window appears. After meshing is completed, EMS
automatically runs the analysis.

shall be less than the smallest mesh control size in the model. It should
also be less than the smallest edge in the model; otherwise such edge would be collapsed.
Next
88
Visualizing the electrostatic results
The next procedures show you how to visualize the results of electrostatic analysis.
Displaying the electric field
Graphing the electric field on a line segment
Next
89
EMS_Tutorials
Displaying the Electric Field

Plots are displayed in a different window from the model geometry. You can toggle between the model and the
To display the Electric Field profile:
1.
2.
First, Hide all components than show the following two components only : Insulator-1 and Fiber-1 .
In the EMS Manager tree, click the plus sign (+) beside the Electric Field folder.
Electric Field-1 appears.

3.
4.
5.
6.
Double-click Electric Field-1 .

Right-click on the Electric Field-1 plot.
Select the Right Plane Section Clipping button.
7.
Click OK
The electric field plot is displayed in the Plot Results window.
90
To manipulate the results plot use the EMS view results toolbar:

1.

2.
In the Display box, do the following:

system.
91
EMS_Tutorials
o
o
o
b.
c.
d.
3.
Ey: Electric Field in the Y direction

Ez: Electric Field in the Z direction
Er: Resultant Electric Field
Set Units
to v/m.
Select Line from the Fringe Type
Select OK
Next
92
Graphing the Electric Field on a line segment

Probing results picks only mesh nodes. Graphing results on a line segment is more general because it allows for
picking any 2 points in the model. In addition, the line segment may be discretized to any number of points
between the endpoints of the line.
To graph the Electric field on a line segment:
1.
Right-clicking the Electric Field Folder in the EMS Manager tree and select 2D.
2.
3.
4.
Set Units
to V/m.
From the SolidWorks Feature Manager tree in the upper left corner of the graphics area, select already
defined Poin1 and Point2 going through the middle of insulator.
Enter 1000 for number of points on the segment.
5.
Select OK
The 2D plot appears.
Next
93
EMS_Tutorials

1.
and select Define.

2.
4.
5.

Click OK.
Click File, Save.
94
Lesson EL6: Analysis of a ZR Vacuum Insulator Stack

In this tutorial, we demonstrate the use of the Floating Conductor concept. Generally,a floating conductor has
equipotential values on the surface, yet the potential is unknown. EMS treats the potential surface nodes, edges
and faces as unknown and thus solves for them.
Figure 1. Complete pole assembly.
95
EMS_Tutorials
Figure2. Section cut view of the model .
96
Figure3. Model dimensions are in inches.
Next
97
EMS_Tutorials

1.
2.
Browse to <Current User> \ My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ EL 6 \

Open the 09178300_072909.SLDASM assembly file.
3.
4.
5.

.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the 09178300_072909 icon and click Study.
In the PropertyManager, under Name, take the default name or type the name of the study.
6.
7.

Electrostatic
Keep the Compute capacitance Box Unchecked.
8.
9.
Click OK
Click Apply if you want to accept the input and remain in the Property Manager to create more

Next
98

To define material properties for the air parts:
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Solids folder icon. A right-mouse menu opens.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Choose Air.
6.
Click OK
To reassign PEEK material properties to specific parts:
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, Click the (+) sign next to the Solids folder.
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EMS_Tutorials
2.
Hold the Ctrl key down and click the following parts icon in the Solids folder: "
09178302_072909.SLDASM-1", " 09178302_072909.SLDASM-2", "09178302_072909.SLDASM-3
", "09178306_072909.SLDASM-1 " and " bolt for simulation_072909.SLDASM-1 ".
3.
Right-click on the selection. A right-mouse menu opens.
4.
Select Apply Material to All Bodies. The Material PM page opens.
5.
6.
7.
Choose PEEK.
8.
Click OK
Next
100
Load/Restraints
Applying a Grounded Conductor
1.

2.
then select these
3.
faces
. They are the bottom
face of the Vacuum_072909.SLDASM-1 component and the bottom face of the
09178307_072909.SLDASM-1.
4.
Click OK
1.
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EMS_Tutorials
2.
Next
102
Applying a Fixed Voltage Conductor

To apply a fixed potential conductor to the ground plane:
1.

2.
then select these
3.
faces
the top face of the Vacuum_072909.SLDASM-1 component and the top face of the
09178301_072909.SLDASM-1.
Type -500,000 in the Voltage box.
. They are
4.
Click OK
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EMS_Tutorials
1.
To edit a restraint, right-click its icon in the EMS Manager tree and select Edit Definition. Make
the desired changes and click OK.
2.
Next
104

To apply a floating conductor to the part " 009178305_072909.SLDASM-1 "
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Click on the + sign in the upper left corner of the graphics area to open the components tree.
Click on the (+) sign next to the Fabricated parts folder
Select the following component: 009178305_072909.SLDASM-1
6.
Click OK
1.
2.
Next
105
EMS_Tutorials

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
Click OK
1.
2.
Next
106

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
Click OK
1.
2.
Next
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EMS_Tutorials
Meshing
Before creating the mesh, we will apply mesh controls to some parts creating a finer mesh on these parts. Finally,
we mesh the whole assembly using the active settings and the specified controls. To know how to perform each
procedure, click its link from below.
Applying a mesh control.
1.
2.
3.
4.

.
Click on the five conductors by following parts icon "09178307_072909.SLDASM-1",
"09178305_072909.SLDASM-1", "09178304_072909.SLDASM-1",
"09178303_072909.SLDASM-1" and "09178301_072909.SLDASM-1". It will appear in the
Components and Solid Bodies list.
5.
6.
Click OK
box and type 0.059 in.
1.
2.
The Mesh PropertyManager appears suggesting Global Size
3.
Type 0.72140357 inches in the Global Size

or...
4.
5.
Type 29 in the box for average number of mesh elements per diagonal for each solid body
6.
Click OK
and Tolerance
.
values.
box and 0.0007214 in for the Tolerance
box,
.
Meshing starts and the Mesh Progress window appears. After meshing is completed, EMS automatically
runs the analysis.

also be less than the smallest edge in the model; otherwise such edge would be collapsed..
Next
108
Visualizing the electrostatic results
The next procedures show you how to visualize the results of electrostatic analysis.
Graphing the electric field on a line segment

Displaying the potential
Next
109
EMS_Tutorials
Graphing the Electric Field on a line segment

Probing results picks only mesh nodes. Graphing results on a line segment is more general because it allows for
picking any 2 points in the model. In addition, the line segment may be discretized to any number of points
between the endpoints of the line.
To graph the Electric field on a line segment:
1.
Right-clicking the Electric Field Folder in the EMS Manager tree and select 2D.
2.
3.
Set Units
to v/m.
5.
Enter 1000 for number of points on the segment.
6.
Select OK
The 2D plot appears.
Next
110
Displaying the Potential

Plots are displayed in a different window from that of the model geometry. You can toggle between the model and
the results window by clicking on the corresponding tab at the lower left corner of the graphics area. To activate
the model geometry window click on the Model tab. To activate the results window click on the Plot Results tab.
To display the Potential profile:
1.
2.
3.
First, Hide all components of the model, than right click the folder name Fabricated Parts and select
Show Components .
Also Show the following component: bolt for simulation_072909.SLDASM-1
In the EMS Manager tree, click the plus sign (+) beside the Potential folder.
Electric Field-1 appears.

4.
Double-click Potential-1 .
The potential plot is displayed in the Plot Results window. The
To manipulate the results plot use the view results toolbar:
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EMS_Tutorials

1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click on the Potential folder and select 3D.
The Potential Property Manager appears.

2.

a.
b.
c.
3.
Set Units
to v/m.
Select Line from the Fringe Type
Select OK
Next
112

1.
and select Define.

2.
4.
5.

Click OK.
Click File, Save.
113
Lesson MA1: Magnetostatic Force in a Simple Magnetic Circuit

In this example we calculate the force exerted on a movable part of the magnetic circuit shown in the figure below.
The part of the magnetic circuit that contains the coil is fixed.
Note the following points:
Both the fixed body and the moving part are made of iron and have a cross section S = 4 cm .
The coil is made of copper and excited by 300A-turns, i.e. N = 300 turns with the current per turn being 1
A.
The air gaps have different widths.
Due to the symmetry we model only half the structure.
All the dimensions of the structure are in cm.
The width of the air gaps are L1 and L2: L1=0.25 cm, L2 = 0.15 cm.
115
EMS_Tutorials

Creating a Magnetostatic analysis study
Applying normal flux restraints
Adding a coil to Magnetostatic study
Calculating the virtual work force
Computing the inductance
Applying mesh control and meshing the assembly
Viewing basic results of Magnetostatic analysis
Manipulating the post processing results.
Generating an Html report.
My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ MA1 \ Force on a Magnetic Circuit.SLDASM
Next
116
Creating a Magnetostatic Study

To create a Magnetostatic study:
1.
2.
Browse to <Current User> \ My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ MA1\

Open the Force on a Magnetic Circuit.SLDASM assembly file .
3.
4.
5.

.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Force on a Magnetic Circuit icon and click Study.
In the Property Manager, under Name:
6.
7.
8.
Take the default name or type the name of study.

Take the default and the recommended type Direct matrix solver type.
Under Analysis Type, keep the default type which is

Keep the number of Increments to 1.
Check the Compute circuit parameters box.
Magnetostatic
9. Click OK
10. Click Apply if you want to accept the input and remain in the Property Manager to create more

Next
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EMS_Tutorials
Adding a new material library

To add a new material library:
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Body-1 icon in the Solids folder and select Apply Material to
All Bodies. The Material Property Manager page opens.
2.
From the Material Database pull-down menu, select <New Material Library>.
3.
Browse to the location where to save the new library file ( the file extension will be .emsmtr).
4.
Type MyLib for the name. An empty material library with the MyLib is added to the Material Property
Manager.
5.
Click on Create/Edit Material.
6.
Type MA1 for the folder's name.
7.
Type Mur1400 for the material's name.
8.
Keep the default MKS unit.
9.
Type in 1400 for the Relative Permeability and take the default for the rest of the fields.
10. Click OK
The above commands:
Create a material library called MyLib.emsmtr in the default material libraries location.
Assign the defined Mur1400 to Body-1 component.
A checkmark appears on the Body-1 component indicating that a material has been applied to it.
Next
118
Assigning materials
The material of Body-1 was assigned with the addition of the new material library MyLib.emsmtr defined in the
previous step. The material for the rest of the components are assigned as follows.
To assign material to the movable piece:
Since the Movable piece-1 has the same material as Body-1, just drag-and-drop the material of the later to the
former. A checkmark appears on the Movable piece-1 component indicating that a material has been applied to it.
To assign material to the coil :
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Coil_T-1 icon in the Solids folder and select Apply Material to
2.
3.
4.
Choose Copper.
5.
Click OK
To assign material to the air parts :
Just follow the above steps after holding down the Control Key and selecting Air-1, Air Gap 1-1, and Air Gap 2-1.
Next
119
EMS_Tutorials
Adding a coil
To add a coil to a Magnetostatic study:
1.
2.
3.
In the EMS manger tree right-click on the Coils

icon and select Wound Coil
Keep default Coil Type as a Current driven coil
Keep the default General properties values
4. Click inside the Components or Bodies for Coils box

.
5. Click on the (+) sign in the upper left corner of the graphics area to open the components tree.
6. Click on the Coil-1 icon. It will appear in the Components and Solid Bodies list.
7.
Click inside the Faces for Entry Port box
8.
Click inside the Faces for Exit Port box
then select the entry port face.

then select the exit port face.
7.
Type 300 in the Turns box
8.
Keep the default value of 1 the Current per Turn field
9.
Click OK
. The units in Amp-Turns.
Notes:
Next
120
The arrow symbols for the Entry and Exit ports point into and out of the ports respectively.
To change the color of the Entry and Exit ports symbols click Edit color under Symbol settings. A color
palette opens. Select the desired color and click OK. To change the size, click inside the Symbol Size box
and type a value.
To hide or show the symbols, right click on the coil icon and choose the desired command.
To edit the coil properties, right-click the coil icon, select Edit Definition, make the desired changes and
click OK.
To remove a coil, right-click on it and select delete.
Defining a force set

EMS automatically computes the nodal force distribution without any user input. However, for a rigid body force
calculation the user must decide before hand, which parts constitute the rigid body on which the force or torque
shall be calculated. The following steps highlight the procedure for choosing a force that must be followed before
running the study.
To define a force set:
1.
In the EMS manager tree right-click the Force/Torques

Forces/Torques Property Manager appears.
folder and select Virtual Work
. The
2.
3.
4.
Click inside the Components and Bodies for Forces/Torques box

.
Click on Moveable piece-1 icon. It will appear in the Components and Solid Bodies list.
5.
Click OK
In this case, the moving part has only one component. In general, it can be made of many components that
are connected and constitute a rigid body.
Next
121
EMS_Tutorials
Meshing the assembly

1.
In the EMS manager tree, right-click the Mesh
2.
3.
4.

.
Click on the (+) sign in the upper left corner of the graphical area to open the components tree.
Click on the Air Gap 1, and Air Gap 2 icons. They will appear in the Components and Solid Bodies list.
5.
6.
Click OK
box and type 0.5mm.
To mesh the model:
1.
In the EMS manger tree right-click on the Mesh
2.
Type 30.0mmin the Global Size
3.
Click OK
and Tolerance
values.
box.

Next
122
Running the study

You are now ready to run the study.
To run the study:
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click Study1 icon and select Run.
Notes:
You can edit or delete the study by choosing Delete or Properties from the right-click menu.
When the analysis is done, the program creates five folders in the EMS manager tree. These folders are:
Report, Magnetic Flux density, Magnetic Field intensity, Current density, and Force Distribution.
These folders are used in post processing.
You can define as many studies as desired. To create another study, follow the same procedure described
in this lesson.
Next
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EMS_Tutorials
Viewing the 3D magnetic flux density
It is a good habit to first view the magnetic flux density in the model, including the outer air. This action gives an
indication whether the outer air boundary is far enough.
To view a 3D Magnetic flux density profile:
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click on the Magnetic Flux Density folder and select 3D.
The Magnetic Flux Density Property Manager appears.

2.

a. Select Br from the magnetic flux density component . Directions are based on the global
coordinate system.
o Bx: Magnetic Flux Density in the X direction
o By: Magnetic Flux Density in the Y direction
o Bz: Magnetic Flux Density in the Z direction
o Br: Resultant Magnetic Flux Density
b.
c.
d.
3.
4.
5.
6.
124
Set Units
to Tesla.
Select Continuous from Fringe Options.
Select OK
.
In EMS Manager Tree right click on the plot just created and select chart options from the menu.
Make sure Show Min/Max range on shown parts only is not checked.
To get the view bellow, right click inside the plot window and select Front View menu item.
By examining the plot it is clear the magnetic flux density is very small on the outer air boundary. Thus, the air box
is large enough. Had it been otherwise, it would have required an enlargement of the air box surrounding the
magnetic circuit.
Next
125
EMS_Tutorials
Line contouring of the magnetic field

1.
2.
Hide the Air and Coil components.


2.

coordinate system.
b.
c.
d.
e.
3.
Set Units
to Gauss
Select Lines from Fringe Options.
Type in 50 for the number of lines to generate.
Select OK
To Section clip the above lines plot:

1.
2.
Right-click on the Magnetic Flux plot you just created above.

The Section Property Manager opens and the dialogues for Section 1.
3.
4.
5.
6.
126
7.
In the Distance box type 0.13.

In the X-Orientation box type 0.
In the Y-Orientation box type 0.
In the Options box, do the following:
Check Plot on Section Only.
Check Show contour on the uncut portion
Move the Lines Density slider bar to the right.
8.
Click OK
Next
127
EMS_Tutorials
Viewing the force results table

To view the rigid force on the moveable piece:
1.
2.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click on Report folder.

Select Results Table.
3.
4.

Remember that, because of symmetry, only half of the problem is modeled. The plane of symmetry is
orthogonal to the Z-axis. Thus, Fx and Fy components have to be multiplied by a factor of 2 and the Fz component
cancels out. Since Fy is very small compared to Fx, the resultant force is purely in the X direction with a
magnitude = 2 x 1.508= 3.016
Next
128
Verifying the force results

The EMS results are close to the analytical results reported in the reference below.
Analytical Solution
Force in N
1.51
EMS
1.59
Reference: Electromagnetics and calculation of fields, by Nathan Ida and Joao P. A. Bastos, 2nd Edition, page
183-184. Publisher: Springer-Verlag;
ISBN 0-387-94877-5.
Next
129
EMS_Tutorials

1.
and select Define.

2.
3. Select the Show report inside SolidWorks check box.
4. Click OK.
Click File, Save.
130
Lesson MA2: Nonlinear Magnetostatic Example

Description of the problem
In the solenoid shown below the center pole and yoke are made of steel. The coil is made of copper and is excited
by a DC current of 3000 A-turns, i.e. N = 3000 turns and the current per turn is 1 A, which is sufficient to saturate
the steel. Therefore, this problem must be solved by the nonlinear Magnetostatic analysis. Again, to take
advantage of the symmetry, only half of the problem is modeled.
This problem is known as TEAM Workshop problem #20. It was proposed by Nakata et al [1]. First results and
measured data are listed in [2]. More measured results were presented in the TEAM-Workshop [3]. In the results
section, a comparison with the measured results will be given.
The following figure shows the model dimensions in mm.
131
EMS_Tutorials
Creating a nonlinear Magnetostatic analysis study

Creating a B-H curve using the Function Curves feature.
Assigning the B-H curve to the steel parts.
Adding a coil to Magnetostatic study
Calculating the virtual work force
Viewing basic results of Magnetostatic analysis
My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ MA2 \ Half_TEAM20.SLDASM
Next
132
Creating a Magnetostatic study

1.
2.
Browse to <Current User> \ My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ MA2 \

Open the Half_TEAM20.SLDASM file.
3.
4.
5.

.
Click New Study
on the EMS toolbar
6.
7.
8.


Magnetostatic
Keep the default value of 1 for the number of Increments.
Keep the Compute circuit parameters box unchecked.
9. Click OK
10. Click Apply if you want to accept the input and remain in the PropertyManager to create more

Next
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EMS_Tutorials
Meshing the assembly

The air region is split into two separate parts: an inner air and an outer air. This strategy is actually recommended
for most problems because it allows you to mesh densely around the inner air regions, where the field is
significant, and mesh coarsely in the outer air regions, where the field is usually small and decaying. Thus
capturing the field variation in the relevant areas without requiring a very large number of mesh elements.
1.
2.
3.
4.

.
Click on the Coil_T, and Yoke_T icons. They will appear in the Components and Solid Bodies list.
5.
6.
7.
Click OK
.
Repeat steps 1-6 for Center_pole-1 where the control size shall be 1mm.
box and type 4.0mm.
To mesh the model:
1.
2.
3.
Click OK
and Tolerance
values.
box.

Next
134
Adding a B-H function curve

The Yoke and Center Pole are made of steel having the following B-H data:
H in A/m
0
27
58
100
153
185
205
233
255
285
320
355
405
470
555
673
836
1065
1220
1420
1720
2130
2670
3480
4500
5950
7650
10100
13000
15900
21100
26300
32900
42700
61700
84300
110000
135000
B in Tesla
0
0.01
0.025
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.35
1.4
1.45
1.5
1.55
1.6
1.65
1.7
1.75
1.8
1.85
1.9
1.95
2.0
2.05
2.1
2.15
2.2
2.25
2.3
The above data is saved in a file called Typical Steel.dat residing in the MA2 folder.
Before assigning this nonlinear material to any component, a function curve must be added.
To define a function curve in a new curves library:
135
EMS_Tutorials
1.
Click Function Curves
on the EMS toolbar
The Function Curves Property Manager appears.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
In the Curve Library box, right-click B-H Curve and select Create Curve to define a B-H curve.
In the Name box, type Typical Steel.
Click on the Import button and browse for the Typical Steel.dat file. You will find it inside the MA2 folder
Click Save to save the curve to a curves library which has an .emscur extension.
Type the name of the function curve (e.g. MyFunctionCurves.emscur).
Click OK.
To add a function curve to an existing curves library:
1.
Click Function Curves
on the EMS toolbar
The Function Curves Property Manager appears.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Next
136
Click Open and open an existing .emscur curves library .

In the Curve Library box, right-click B-H Curve and select Create Curve to define a B-H curve.
In the Name box, type Typical Steel.
Click on the Import button and browse for the Typical Steel.dat file.
Click Save to save the curve to the open curves library.
Click OK.
Assigning materials
To assign material to the Yoke_T component :
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Yoke_T-1 icon in the Solids folder and select Apply Material to
2.
3.
Click on the Main folder menu item
4.
Click on Create/Edit Material. The new material Property Manager page opens.
5.
Type MA2-Steel for the material name and keep the MKS unit.
6.
Under the Relative Permeability, select Non Linear Isotropic.
7.
Click on
an browse for a curve database
The function curves PropertyManager opens.

8.
Click Open to access the .emscur curves library defined in Adding a B-H function curve section .
9.
Click the (+) sign next to B-H Curve under Curve Library box.
10. Select the Typical Steel curve.

11. click OK
Since the Center_pole-1 is made of the same steel as the Yoke_T-1 , just drag-and-drop the material of the Yoke
to the pole.
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Coil-T icon in the Solids folder and select Apply Material to All
Bodies. The Material dialog box opens.
2.
3.
4.
Choose Copper.
5.
Click OK
To assign material to the air regions : just follow the above steps and select Air and Apply Air
Next
137
EMS_Tutorials
Adding a coil
To add a coil to this study:
1.
Click EMS Coils
then select Wound Coil
on the EMS toolbar.

.
4. Click on the Coil_T-1 icon. It will appear in the Components and Solid Bodies list.
5.
6.
then select the Entry Port face.

then select the Exit Port face.
7.
8.
Keep the default value of 1 the Current per Turn field
9.
Click OK
. The units in Amp-Turns.
Notes:
and type a value.
To edit the coil properties, right-click the coil icon, select Edit Definition, make the desired
changes and click OK.
Next
138
Computing the force on the central pole

EMS automatically computes the nodal force distribution without any user input. However, for a rigid body force
calculation the user must decide before hand which parts that constitute the rigid body on which the force/torque
shall be calculated. The following steps highlight the procedure for choosing a force that must be followed before
running the study.
1.
The Forces/Torques PropertyManager appears.
2.
3.
4.

.
Click on Center_pole-1 icon. It will appear in the Components and Solid Bodies list.
5.
Click OK
In this case, the moving part has only one component. In general, it can be made of many components that
are connected and constitute a rigid body.
Next
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Running the study

To run the study:
Click Run Study
on the toolbar.
Notes:
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140
You can edit or delete the study by choosing Delete or Properties from the right-menu.
When the analysis is done, the program creates five folders in the EMS manager tree. These folders are:
Report, Magnetic Flux density, Magnetic Field intensity, Current density, and Force
Distribution. These folders are used in post processing.
in this lesson or copy the study and paste under a different name, then make the necessary changes.
Verifying the flux density results
Among the benchmark results required by TEAM 20 is the average magnetic flux density along the Z-axis (Bz) in
the middle of the center pole [1]. The measured data is reported in [3].
To graph the magnetic flux density on the line segment A-B
1.
Insert two points using the SolidWorks command: Insert->Reference Geometry->Point.
2.
3.
Right-clicking the Magnetic Flux Density folder in the EMS Manager tree and select 2D.
Select Bz from the magnetic flux density component . Directions are based on the global coordinate
system.
4.
5.
6.
Set Units
to Tesla.
points of the line segment A and B.
7.
Select OK
The 2D plot appears. Click on the Listing tab
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The measured data in [3] gives the average Bz. In order to obtain the average of the above results:
1.
2.
3.
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142
While the listing window is open, click on Edit-Copy and save the data to an Excel file (.xls).
Open the file in Excel and take the average value of Bz. It is found to be equal to -1.71.
Compared to the measured value reported in [2] (-1.75), it is close.
Verifying the force results

To view the rigid force on the moveable piece:
1.
Double-click Result Table
on EMS manager tree.
2.
3.

Remember that because of symmetry, only half of the problem is modeled. The plane of symmetry is
orthogonal to the X-axis. Thus, Fy and Fz components have to be multiplied by a factor of 2 and the Fx
component cancels out because of symmetry. Since Fy is very small compared to Fz, the resultant force is purely
in the Z direction with a magnitude = 2 x 26.18= 52.36 N.
Comparing the obtained force of 52.36 N to the measured force of 54.3 N [3], the results are within an acceptable
difference.
References:
[1] T. Nakata, N. Takahashi, and H. Morishige, "Proposal of a model for verification of software for 3-d static force
calculation," in Verification of Software for 3-D Electromagnetic Field Analysis (Z. Cheng, K. Jiang, and N.
Takahashi eds.), pp. 139-147, 1992.
[2] T. Nakata, N. Takahashi, H. Morishige, J. L. Coulomb, and J. C. Sabonnadiere, "Analysis of 3-d static force
problem," in Proceedings of TEAM Workshop on Computation of Applied Electromagnetics in Materials, pp. 7379, 1993.
[3] T. Nakata, N. Takahashi, M. Nakano, H. Morishige, and K. Masubara, "Improvement of measurement of 3-d
static force problem (problem 20)," in Proceedings of TEAM Workshop , Miami, November 1993.
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1.
and select Define.

2.
4. Click OK.
Click File, Save.
144
Lesson MA3: Torque Calculation of Axial Coupling Between Two

Permanent Magnets
The figure below depicts two permanent magnets that are labeled upper and lower in accordance to their relative
positions. The two magnets have exactly the same dimension and each one of them is divided into 8 sectors. Each
sector has a North and South pole. The upper magnet has its bottom surface in the plane defined by z = h, and its
top surface in the plane defined by z = h + t. The lower magnet has its top face at z = 0 and its bottom face z = - t.
The relative angular displacement of the two magnets is the angle q. The condition = 0 is met when the poles of
opposite polarity on the two surfaces that directly face one another are completely aligned. The computation was
performed at an angular position = 10 degrees.
It is assumed that the coercivity is constant throughout the magnets. However, the direction vector of coercivity
has an alternating polarity between adjacent poles. The coercivity is defined as Hc = 275300 A/m, and the
Remanence, as Br = 0.345952 T.
In this lesson, you learn how to work with permanent magnets.
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My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ MA3 \ Axial_Coupling.SLDASM
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Lesson MA3: Torque Calculation of Axial Coupling Between Two Permanent Magnets
Creating a new study

1.
2.
Browse to <Current User> \ My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ MA3 \

Open the Axial_Coupling.SLDASM assembly file .
3.
4.
5.

.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Axial_Coupling icon and click Study.
6.
7.
8.


Keep Compute circuit parameters unchecked..
Magnetostatic
9. Click OK

Next
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Mesh control and meshing

1.
Click EMS Mesh
and select Apply Control
on the EMS toolbar
2.
3.
4.

.
Click on all the components icons, except the air. They will appear in the Components and Solid Bodies
list.
5.
6.
Click OK
box and type 3.0mm.
To mesh the model:
1.
Click EMS Mesh
and select Mesh
on the EMS toolbar.
2.
Type 50.0mmin the Global Size
3.
Click OK
and Tolerance
values.
box.

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Creating a Permanent Magnet

To create a permanent magnet material:
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click on the root (Axial_Coupling).
2.
Choose Material Browser. The Material page opens.
3.
4.
Click on Create/Edit Material.
5.
Keep the name Main Folder for the a folder's name.
6.
Type PM1 for the material's name.
7.
Choose the MKS units.
8.
Take the default values for material properties.
9.
Scroll down to the Magnetization box and select Permanent Magnetization for the pull-down menu.
10. Type the value of 275300 for the Coercivity and 0.345952 for the Remanence.
11. Click OK
To assign the permanent magnet material:

1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click on all the components icons, except the air and select Apply
Material to All Bodies. The Material dialog box opens.
2.
3.
4.
Choose PM1 created above.
5.
Click OK
To fix the easy direction of the permanent magnet relative to a coordinate system:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Right-click on the Body-1 under the Sector-1 component and select Coercivity Direction . The click is on
the body and not on the component.
Take the default global coordinate system.
If you selected a local coordinate system, click inside the Local Coordinate System box, and choose an
existing local coordinate system. If such local system is not defined yet, exit the Direction of Coercivity
dialogue altogether and define a local coordinate system by using Insert->Reference Geometry->
Coordinate System and then repeat steps 1-3.
In the Direction Type box take the default, i.e. Cartesian.
In the Direction box, click on the Along Z-Axis direction and on the Reverse Direction. This command will
orient the magnetization in the -Z direction.
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6.
7.
Next
150
Click OK
.
Repeat steps 1-6 to all permanent magnet sectors but alternate the magnetization between +Z and -Z for
neighboring magnets.
Computing the torque of the upper magnet

The upper magnet is made up of 8 components. All of them must be included in the torque set because they all
together constitute a rigid body.
To compute the torque on the upper magnet
1.
The Forces/Torques Property Manager appears.
2.
3.
5.

.
Click on Sector-1 to Sector-8 icons. The 8 components will appear in the Components and Solid
Bodies list.
Take the default Torque Center, i.e. at the origin.
6.
7.
Click OK
.
Than run the study to view results.
4.
In this case, the rigid moving body, i.e. the upper magnet, has 8 components. It is very important to include all
of them in the torque set; otherwise the results will be wrong.
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Verifying the torque results
To view the torque on the upper magnet:
1.
2.
In the EMS manager tree, double-click Results Table

Click on the Torque tab.
3.
4.

on toolbar.
Comparing the obtained z-component of the torque Tz -0.321 N.m to the analytical results of -0.35N.m [1], it is
clearly close.
Reference
[1] .E. P. Furlani, "Formulas for the force and torque of axial couplings," in IEEE Transactions on
magnetics, Vol.29, No.5, pp. 2295-2301, 1993.
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152

1.
and select Define.

2.
4. Click OK.
Click File, Save.
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Lesson MT1: Motion Analysis of a Brushless Permanent Magnet DC

Motor
About Brushless DC Motors
In a typical DC motor, there are permanent magnets on the outside and a spinning armature on the inside. The
permanent magnets are stationary, so they are called the stator. The armature rotates, so it is called
the rotor. The armature contains an electromagnet. When you run electricity into this electromagnet, it creates a
magnetic field in the armature that attracts and repels the magnets in the stator. So the armature spins through 180
degrees. To keep it spinning, you have to change the poles of the electromagnet. The brushes handle this change
in polarity. They make contact with two spinning electrodes attached to the armature and flip the magnetic polarity
of the electromagnet as it spins.
This setup works and is simple and cheap to manufacture, but it has a lot of problems:
The brushes eventually wear out.

Because the brushes are making/breaking connections, you get sparking and electrical noise.
The brushes limit the maximum speed of the motor.
Having the electromagnet in the center of the motor makes it harder to cool.
The use of brushes puts a limit on how many poles the armature can have.
With the advent of chip technology and power transistors, it became possible to "turn the motor inside out" and
eliminate the brushes. In a brushless DC motor (BLDC), you put the permanent magnets on the rotor and you
move the electromagnets to the stator. Then you use a computer (connected to high-power transistors) to charge
up the electromagnets as the shaft turns. This system has all sorts of advantages:
Because a computer controls the motor instead of mechanical brushes, it's more precise. The computer
There is no sparking and much less electrical noise.
can also factor the speed of the motor into the equation. This makes brushless motors more efficient.
There are no brushes to wear out.
With the electromagnets on the stator, they are very easy to cool.
You can have a lot of electromagnets on the stator for more precise control.
The only disadvantage of a brushless motor is its higher initial cost, but you can often recover that cost through the
greater efficiency over the life of the motor.
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Lesson MT1: Motion Analysis of a Brushless Permanent Magnet DC Motor

A brushless permanent magnet DC motor is shown below:
To examine the dimensions, materials, or other details about the model, open the SolidWorks assembly provided
with the distribution of the software: Browse to <Current User> \ My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS
Examples\ MT1\ BDCM.SLDASM
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Motion Related Issues

The process of coupling an EMS study to SolidWorks Motion is straightforward and requires only a check mark
when creating an EMS study. However, there are several issues pertaining to motion that must be understood and
respected to obtain correct results, namely:
SolidWorks Premium is required in order to couple EMS to SolidWorks Motion.
Before creating an EMS study in SolidWorks, create a band component that completely encloses the
moving parts, and only contacts stationary bodies.
Select Motion Analysis at the top of the MotionManager, located below the FeatureManager design tree.
Apply the mass and inertia properties of the moving parts in the SolidWorks FeatureManager design tree
and not in the EMS FeatureManager. Needed only for Force-based motion.
Distinguish between Motor-based and Force-based motion.
Pre-select the force/torque sets in the EMS FeatureManager, the usual way, i.e. just like in the nonmotion analysis.
Assure that the moving parts are floating, i.e. not fixed, in SolidWorks, so they can move.
Group the moving parts in sub-assemblies or apply the necessary mates, e.g. lock, so they constitute
rigid bodies and hence move together.
Make sure to have no redundancy mates in the MotionManager. Otherwise, the motion results cannot be
trusted.
Make sure that the model remains interference free as the parts move to various positions during the
motion simulation.
Make sure that the moving objects remain inside the band, especially in the case of a translational motion.
To activate SolidWorks Motion:
158
You must have SolidWorks Premium.
Select Tools, then click on Add-ins.
Choose the checkbox to the left of SolidWorks Motion.
You can also select the checkbox to the right if you want Motion to be active once SolidWorks starts.
What is a Band?
A Band is a region that encapsules completely the moving components, e.g. the rotor, the shaft, and the
permanent magnets in a permanent magnet brushless DC motor, and can not intersect any fixed
component. EMS supports both rotational and translational motions. Rotary motion is cyclic, thus the Band is
typically a cylinder that fills the air gap and encloses all rotating components. An example of a band for a
brushless DC motor is shown below:
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The cross section of a brushless permanent magnet DC motor is shown. The yellow part is the Band. It encloses
the moving parts from all sides. It also includes the air gap and touches the stator.
In case of a translational motion, the Band must occupy the entire range of the motion, i.e. from minimum to
maximum. Thus, it tends to occupy a much larger volume compared to rotational motion. An example of band for
a linear reluctance motor is shown below:
160
It is the user's responsibility to make sure that the moving object remains inside the band. If the moving part,
e.g. the plunger is the above example, goes beyond the band, the results will be wrong.
Motor-based versus Force-based motion studies

It is important to distinguish between Motor and Force-based motion studies. SolidWorks Motion help includes a
complete explanation of both type of studies. A brief discussion about these types of motion is given below:
Motor-based motion
A Motor-based motion can be considered a "driven motion" as if it were applied by a motor without consideration of
mass or inertia. In this case, the cause and/or driving force of the motion is not important. A typical example for
this type of motion is a constant speed DC rotational motor with known speed. It is true that there are magnetic
forces and torques due to permanent magnets and/or windings. However, in Motor based situation, these forces
are not directly related to the motion. At each time step, thus at each position, EMS solves the electromagnetic
problem and computes the requested lumped quantities such as force, torque, inductance, impedance, back emf,
etc.
Force-based motion
A Forcer-based motion can be considered a "driving motion" where mass or inertia are taken into consideration. In
this case, The cause causing and/or driving force the motion must be taken into account. A typical example for this
type of motion is a generator. The applied external load, i.e. force or torque, is combined with the internal
magnetic forces and torques due to permanent magnets and/or windings to drive the motion. Hence, the kinematic
quantities such as the position, speed, and acceleration are not known a priori. At each time step, thus at each
position, EMS interacts with SolidWorks Motion to obtain the external load, combines it with the magnetic force and
torque, and then feeds back to SolidWorks Motion to solve the kinematics problem. Since EMS computes the
forces and torques to combine them with the external mechanical loads to drive the motion, it is important to
specify in EMS the force set on the moving rigid body ensemble before solving.
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Consequently, for Force-based motion EMS yields not only the usual electromagnetic quantities such as force,
torque, impedance, back emf, but also the kinematics results such as speed and acceleration. This can be of great
use for calculating values such as cogging torque for motors, or motion of solenoids from rest.
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Creating a Motion Study

Creating a New Motion Study
You can create the first motion study for an assembly by clicking the Motion Study tab to the right of the Model tab
toward the lower portion of the graphics area.
To start a new motion study for an assembly, open the assembly and do one of the following:
Right-click the Motion Study tab and click Create New Motion Study.
Click New Motion Study
(Assembly toolbar).
The new motion study appears with the MotionManager tree defined by components of the FeatureManager
design tree.
Selecting a Motion Type
The available motion studies types are:
Animation
Basic Motion
Motion Analysis
You can select the type of motion study from the Type of Study list at the top of the MotionManager, located
below the FeatureManager design tree. However, to couple your motion study to EMS Motion, you can only
choose Motion Analysis.
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Pay attention to (0 Redundancies) . This must be respected in all motion studies.

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Preparing the Motion study in the MotionManager

EMS Motion uses SolidWorks Motion. Hence, all the steps pertaining to the preparation and the setting of the
motion study are taken at the level of the SolidWorks MotionManager, as outlined below:
1.
Eliminate all redundant mates, i.e. Mates (0 Redundancies)
2.
Create a Motor-based or Force-based motion to drive the motion. Brushless Permanent Magnet DC
Motors (BPMDM) usually have a known constant speed. The designer of such machine is generally
concerned about the back emf and the output torque at each rotor position. Therefore, it is suitable to
drive the motion study with a Motor-based type. To create a Motor-based motion:
Click Motor
(MotionManager toolbar).
Under Motor Type, check Rotary Motor
Under Component/Direction, click inside the Motor Location dialogue box. Go to the graphic area and
click on the planar face of the rotor, as shown:
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Upon this operation, the Motor Location and Motor Direction are automatically filled. You can always reverse
the sense of the motion by toggling Reverse Direction.
Under Motion, keep the default Constant Speed.

Type 25 RPM for Speed.
3.
Fix the frames per second where the time increment = 1/frames per second.
166
Click Motion Study Properties (MotionManager toolbar).
Under Motion Analysis, type 10 in the Frames per second text area, i.e. time step = 1/10 = 0.1 sec.
Take the default for the rest of the dialogues in the Motion Study Properties,
In Timeline Area, specify the overall motion duration. In this case, drag the Key Properties to 2.4 sec.
4.
The EMS Motion analysis is time consuming. Therefore, it is a good habit to validate the Motion setup
and make sure it produces the desired motion before moving to the EMS setup and analysis:
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5.
Next to Motion Analysis, click on the Calculate button. Watch the movement of the rotor. Does it
produce the correct motion? if yes, move the EMSManager. Otherwise, examine the motion items
such as the mates, the motor, the time, etc and then click on the Calculate button.
Once the desired motion is achieved, move to the EMS Manager. Right click the root of the
EMSManager, and define an EMS study the usual way.
Notice that the rotor, shaft, and the permanent magnets move together without applying any fixed mates
between them because they are grouped under one same sub-assembly. It is a good habit to do so.
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Creating a Motion Study in the EMS Manager

Once the desired motion is achieved, move from MotionManager to the EMS Manager.
1.
2.
3.

.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the BDCM icon and click Study.
6.
7.
8.
9.


Check the Motion Analysis and select Motion Study 1.
Magnetostatic
10. Click OK
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Next
170
Assigning materials
To assign material to the coils :
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Coil1-1 to Coil1-7 (6 coils) icons in the Solids folder and
select Apply Material to All Bodies. The Material Property Manager page opens.
2.
3.
4.
Choose Copper.
5.
Click OK
Just follow the above steps after holding down the Control Key and selecting air1-1, Outer air-1, and Band-1 and
apply the air material.
To assign material to the rotor, shaft, and stator:
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Assem1-1/Rotor1-1, Assem1-1/Rotor1-2, Assem1-1/shaft-1,

Stator-1, and Stator-3 icons in the Solids folder and select Apply Material to All Bodies. The Material
Property Manager page opens.
2.
3.
Click the (+) sign next to the ferromagnetic folder to expand its contents.
4.
Choose Mild Steel.
5.
Click OK
To assign material to the permanent magnets:
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Assem1-1/Permanent Magnet1-1, Assem1-1/Permanent

Magnet1-2, Assem1-1/Permanent Magnet2-1, Assem1-1/Permanent Magnet2-2 icons in the Solids
folder and select Apply Material to All Bodies. The Material Property Manager page opens.
2.
3.
Click the (+) sign next to the Permanent Magnets folder to expand its contents.
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4.
Under NdFeB, Choose N4212.
5.
Click OK
To fix the easy direction of the permanent magnet relative to a coordinate system:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Right-click on the Body-1 under the Assem1-1/Permanent Magnet1-1 component and select Coercivity
Direction . The click is on the body and not on the component.
Take the default global coordinate system.
If you selected a local coordinate system, click inside the Local Coordinate System box, and choose an
existing local coordinate system. If such local system is not defined yet, exit the Direction of Coercivity
dialogue altogether and define a local coordinate system by using Insert->Reference Geometry->
Coordinate System and then repeat steps 1-3.
In the Direction Type box choose Cylindrical.
In the Direction box, click on the Along rho direction. This command will orient the magnetization in the rho
direction.
6. Click OK
.
7. Repeat steps 1-6 to all permanent magnet sectors but alternate the magnetization between +rho and -rho for
neighboring magnets.
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172
Adding coils
It is important to realize that the exciting coils in this example makes a closed loop. Therefore, it is multiplyconnected. Since the problem is asymmetric, the entire coils have to be included in the model. The current density
must flow orthogonal to the entry port. To make such a port accessible for picking, each coil is split into two
bodies. In addition, the entry and exit ports are the same. Thus, only the entry port must be specified.
To add a coil to the study:
1.
2.
3.
Click EMS Coils

and select Wound Coil
on the EMS toolbar.
From Coil Type group select Current Driven Coil option.
From General Properties group enter 19 as the AWG value, or 0.91168568mm as coil wire diameter and
1 as a fraction ratio of the coil with respect to the actual coil.

.
6. Click on the Coil1-1 icon. It will appear in the Components and Solid Bodies list.
7. Hide Split-1 so you can have access to an inner face where to apply an Entry Port condition.
8.
9.
.
Check Same as Entry Port under the Faces for Exit Port box.
10. Type 200 in the Turns box
then select the Entry Port face
11. Type 1 for the magnitude of the Current per Turn

12. Click OK
Repeat steps1-12 for the other 6 coils. Make sure to choose the same sense for the current in all the coils.
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Notes:
Next
174
and type a value.
click OK.
Defining a force/torque set

It is true that in the MotionManager we applied a Motor-based motion on the rotor. Since the rotor belongs to the
same sub-assembly as the shaft and the permanent magnets, they form one same rigid body and thus rotate
together. However, EMS has no way to know, a priori, which parts are meant to move, rotate in this case, until
they actually start moving, i.e. after at least one time step. Consequently, just like the case of non-motion
situations, we still need to specify the force/torque set on which the force/torque must be computed.
1.
In the EMS manager tree right-click the Forces/Torques

Forces/Torques property manager page appears.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Click inside the Components and Bodies for Forces/Torques

box.
Click on the (+) sign next to the sub-assembly Assem1-1.
Click on Rotor1-1, shaft-1, Permanent Magnet1-1, and Permanent Magnet2-1 icons. They will appear in
the Components and Solid Bodies list.
Click on the (+) sign next to the MirrorComponent1icon
Click on Rotor1-2, Permanent Magnet1-2, and Permanent Magnet2-2 icons. They will appear in the
6.
7.
8.
Click OK
. The
In this case, the motion is Motor-driven. Thus, the torque on the rotating set is just an output at each rotor
position. It does not drive the motion.
Next
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Meshing the Assembly and running the analysis

The air region is split into three separate parts: a Band, inner and outer air. The Band is compulsory for all motion
studies which is a buffer zone between the moving and stationary components. The splitting of the air into inner
and outer regions is optional but recommended. This strategy is actually recommended for most problems
because it allows you to mesh densely around the inner air regions, where the field is significant, and mesh
coarsely in the outer air regions, where the field is usually small and decaying. Thus capturing the field variation in
the relevant areas without requiring a very large number of mesh elements.
To apply first mesh control:
1.
Click EMS Mesh
and select Apply Control
on the EMS toolbar
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

.
Click on the (+) sign next to the sub-assembly Assem1-1.
Click on the Rotor1-1, shaft-1, Band, Permanent Magnet1-1, and Permanent Magnet2-1, icons. They
will appear in the Components and Solid Bodies list.
Click on the (+) sign next to the MirrorComponent1icon
Click on Rotor1-2, Permanent Magnet1-2, and Permanent Magnet2-2 icons. They will appear in the
8.
9.
Click OK
box and type 1.5mm.
To apply second mesh control:

1.
Click on the air1-1 icon. It will appear in the Components and Solid Bodies list.
2.
3.
Click OK
box and type 6.0mm.
The rest of the parts where no mesh control is applied will use the global mesh size. The global mesh size is
actually linked to the number of mesh elements per diagonal of the largest solid body where no mesh control has
been applied, i.e. in most cases, it is the outer air region. Thus, it is recommended that you should fix the number
of mesh elements per diagonal for each solid body. The program will automatically compute the global mesh size
which again represents the mesh size to be used in the largest solid body where no mesh control has been
applied.
To mesh the model:
1.
176
Click Mesh
on the EMS toolbar.
2.

diagonal
3.
, and Tolerance
, Average number per
values.
Size
. The Global
will be adjusted automatically .
4.
Type 0.1mm in the Tolerance
5.
Do not touch the Global Size

also change.
6.
Click OK
box.
because if you do, the Average number per diagonal will
Meshing starts and the Mesh Progress window appears. After meshing is completed, EMS displays the
meshed model. This mesh corresponds to the initial position, i.e. time = 0s. The mesh of the subsequent
positions will be generated dynamically by transforming the initial mesh in all the regions, except the Band. The
mesh in the Band is actually regenerated for each time step.
Click Run
on the EMS toolbar.
The analysis runs and the default plots are created in the EMS Manager tree.
The overall mesh is different from one time step to another. Once the Run is completed, the mesh can be
visualized at each time step.
Next
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Visualization of Motion Results

The regular flux, field, current, etc. plots are available in motion studies at each position, i.e. time step. These
results can be viewed at each step separately or animated to examine the effect of the motion. Similarly, the
tabular results such as force/torque, inductance, flux linkage, etc. can now be visualized at each time step. They
can also be plotted versus time, position, speed, and acceleration, e.g. torque vs speed. Furthermore, the
kinematic results such as position versus time can also be visualized right in the tabular results. A more complete
motion and kinematics results are readily available in the SolidWorks MotionManager.
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178
View the field results on the mesh

The field results on the mesh
The process of visualizing the field results is exactly the same as the non-motion studies. Below, is an example of
the magnetic flux density. Other quantities are processed the same way.
To view the magnitude of the flux density:
1.
2.
Hide all the air and coil components, including the Band.

3.

coordinate system.
4.
b. Set Units
to Tesla.
c. Select Fringe from Plot Type.
Enter 2 for the Time Step. It sets the step number at which the Magnetic Flux Density is to be plotted.
5.
Select OK
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To animate the flux density:

1.
2.
3.
4.
Right-click on the Magnetic Flux Density-1 plot.

Select Animate,
In the Animation dialogue, click Play. It may take up to 1 minute the buffer the data.
You may Pause or Stop the animation.
5.
Select OK
All other field quantities are viewed and animated in a similar fashion.
Next
180
Plotting the torque and Back Emf versus angle

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
In the EMS Manager tree, double-click on Motion Results Table .

In the results table, click the Torque Tab.
Highlight the Tz-axis cell.
In the Parameters to plot field, click on Add parameter, the Tz-axis is added to the list of plots.
At this point, you may plot Tz-axis versus time, angle, velocity, or acceleration.
6.
To plot torque versus angle, in the upper-left corner of the table, under Motion Parameter, choose Axis
Angle.
In the lower-right corner, under X-Axis, click the Axis Angle button.
Now, click Plot parameters. The following plot appears:
7.
8.
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Following, the same procedure, you may plot any tabular data. For example, after adding all six values for the
coils of the BACK EMF you will obtain the following plot::
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Plotting Kinematic Results in the EMS Manager

Some limited kinematic results are accessible via the EMS manager. A more thorough and complete results are
available in the MotionManager.
To plot angular position versus time in the EMS Manager:
1.
2.
3.
In the EMS Manager tree, double-click on Motion Results Table .

In the upper-left corner of the table, under Motion Parameter, choose Axis Angle.
Right below, the time-angle data, click on Plot.
Similarly, the velocity and the acceleration may readily be plotted versus time following the same procedure. In
this case, the plot of speed and acceleration are trivial since the motor has a constant speed. In other situations,
these speed and acceleration could of great design value.
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Plotting Kinematic Results in the MotionManager

A plethora of kinematic and motion results are readily available via the MotionManager.
To plot angular position versus time in the MotionManager:
1.
2.
Activate the MotionManager by clicking on the Motion Study 1 tab.

In the MotionManager tool bar, click on Results and Plots tab,
3.
In the Results dialogue:

a. in <select category>, choose Displacement/Velocity/Acceleration
b. in <select a sub-category>, choose Angular Displacement
c. in <select result component>, choose Magnitude
Click on the front face of the rotor,
4.
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5.
Select OK
. You should obtain the following plot:
Oops, is it different from the same plot obtained via the EMS Manager? It may look, but it is exactly the
same. The range is different, In the EMS Manager, the angular quantity is always plotted from 0 to 360
degrees. In the MotionManager, it is plotted from -180 to 180 degrees.
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You may know plot many other motion quantities using the same procedure. You can always refer to SolidWorks
Motion Help and Tutorials to learn more how to use the MotionManager and Motion Results Manager.
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186

1.
and select Define.

2.
4.
5.

Click OK.
Click File, Save.
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Lesson MT2: Motion Analysis of a Solenoid

About Solenoid
An electromechanical solenoid is basically a coil wound wrapped tightly around an armature (Sometimes called
plunger). the coil is wrapped in a way that allows for the armature to slide. The armature is usually made of steel or
iron. When current is applied through the coil, the magnetic field resulting from it, induces and electromotive force
that causes the armature to slide.
Figure 1 below shows a typical Solenoid set up with the magnetic field lines resulting from exciting the coils
Figure 1: A typical Solenoid with the magnetic fields

The magnetic flux density B is given by:
Where is the permeability of the armature, N is the number of turns in the coil, i is the current running through the
coil and L is the length of the solenoid. Figure 2 below shows a cross section of the solenoid showing the direction
of current and the corresponding fields.
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Figure 2: A cross section of the solenoid
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A typical Solenoid setup is shown below:
To examine the dimensions, materials, or other details about the model, open the SolidWorks assembly provided
with the distribution of the software: Browse to <Current User> \ My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS
Examples\ MT2\ Solenoid.SLDASM
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Motion Related Issues

The process of coupling an EMS study to SolidWorks Motion is straightforward and requires only a check mark
when creating an EMS study. However, there are several issues pertaining to motion must be understood and
respected to obtain correct results, namely:
SolidWorks Premium is required in order to couple EMS to SolidWorks Motion.
Before creating an EMS study in SolidWorks, create a band component that completely encloses the
moving parts, and only contacts stationary bodies.
Select Motion Analysis at the top of the MotionManager, located below the FeatureManager design tree.
Apply the mass and inertia properties of the moving parts in the SolidWorks FeatureManager design tree
and not in the EMS FeatureManager. Needed only for Force-based motion.
Distinguish between Motor-based and Force-based motion.
Pre-select the force/torque sets in the EMS FeatureManager, the usual way, i.e. just like in the nonmotion analysis.
Assure that the moving parts are floating, i.e. not fixed, in SolidWorks, so they can move.
Group the moving parts in sub-assemblies or apply the necessary mates, e.g. lock, so they constitute
rigid bodies and hence move together.
Make sure to have no redundancy mates in the MotionManager. Otherwise, the motion results cannot be
trusted.
Make sure that the model remains interference free as the parts move to various positions during the
motion simulation.
Make sure that the moving objects remain inside the band, especially in the case of a translational motion.
To activate SolidWorks Motion:
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You must have SolidWorks Premium.
Select Tools, then click on Add-ins.
Choose the checkbox to the left of SolidWorks Motion.
You can also select the checkbox to the right if you want Motion to be active once SolidWorks starts.
What is a Band?
A Band is a region that encapsules completely the moving components, e.g. the plunger in a solenoid example ,
and can not intersect any fixed component. EMS supports both rotational and translational motions. Rotary
motion is cyclic, thus the Band is typically a cylinder that fills the air gap and encloses all rotating components. In
case of a translational motion, the Band must occupy the entire range of the motion, i.e. from minimum to
maximum. Thus, it tends to occupy a much larger volume compared to rotational motion. An example of band for
a solenoid is shown below:
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It is the user's responsibility to make sure that the moving object remains inside the band. If the moving part,
e.g. the plunger is the above example, goes beyond the band, the results will be wrong.
Motor-based versus Force-based motion studies

It is important to distinguish between Motor and Force-based motion studies. SolidWorks Motion help includes a
complete explanation of both type of studies. A brief discussion about these types of motion is given below:
Motor-based motion
A Motor-based motion can be considered a "driven motion" as if it were applied by a motor without consideration of
mass or inertia. In this case, the cause and/or driving force of the motion is not important. A typical example for
this type of motion is a constant speed DC rotational motor with known speed. It is true that there are magnetic
forces and torques due to permanent magnets and/or windings. However, in Motor based situation, these forces
are not directly related to the motion. At each time step, thus at each position, EMS solves the electromagnetic
problem and computes the requested lumped quantities such as force, torque, inductance, impedance, back emf,
etc.
In this kind of motion the interaction between EMS and SolidWorks Motion is unidirectional. SW Motion is feeding
in the new position of the moving part at each time step. No information is acquired from EMS.
Force-based motion
A Forcer-based motion can be considered a "driving motion" where mass or inertia are taken into consideration. In
this case, EMS and SolidWorks Motion will feed information to each other back and forth at each time step. EMS
will feed in the computed electromotive force and based on that SolidWorks Motion will feed in the new position of
the moving part. In this kind of problems, we have a bidirectional interaction. A typical example for this type of
motion is a solenoid. The applied external load, i.e. force or torque, is combined with the internal magnetic forces
and torques due to permanent magnets and/or windings to drive the motion. Hence, the kinematic quantities such
as the position, speed, and acceleration are not known a priori. At each time step, thus at each position, EMS
interacts with SolidWorks Motion to obtain the external load, combines it with the magnetic force and torque, and
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then feeds back to SolidWorks Motion to solve the kinematics problem. Since EMS computes the forces and
torques to combine them with the external mechanical loads to drive the motion, it is important to specify in EMS
the force set on the moving rigid body ensemble before solving.
Consequently, for Force-based motion EMS yields not only the usual electromagnetic quantities such as force,
torque, impedance, back emf, but also the kinematics results such as speed and acceleration. This can be of great
use for calculating values such as cogging torque for motors, or motion of solenoids from rest.
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Creating a Motion Study

Creating a New Motion Study
You can create the first motion study for an assembly by clicking the Motion Study tab to the right of the Model tab
toward the lower portion of the graphics area.
To start a new motion study for an assembly, open the assembly and do one of the following:
Right-click the Motion Study tab and click Create New Motion Study.
Click New Motion Study
(Assembly toolbar).
The new motion study appears with the MotionManager tree defined by components of the FeatureManager
design tree.
Selecting a Motion Type
The available motion studies types are:
Animation
Basic Motion
Motion Analysis
You can select the type of motion study from the Type of Study list at the top of the MotionManager, located
below the FeatureManager design tree. However, to couple your motion study to EMS Motion, you can only
choose Motion Analysis.
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Pay attention to (0 Redundancies) . This must be respected in all motion studies.

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Preparing the Motion study in the MotionManager

EMS Motion uses SolidWorks Motion. Hence, all the steps pertaining to the preparation and the setting of the
motion study are taken at the level of the SolidWorks MotionManager, as outlined below:
198
1.
Eliminate all redundant mates, i.e. Mates (0 Redundancies)
2.
Create a Motor-based or Force-based motion to drive the motion. In a solenoid, the plunger moves in
response to an EMF force induced by an excite coil. At each time step SW Motion will acquire the force
value from EMS and use that to determine the new position of the plunger. Then the new position is fed
back to EMS and based on that the new force value will be calculated. The cycle is then repeated for all
the time steps. In this case the most suitable motion analysis is a Force-based motion.
To create a Force-based motion:
Click Force
(MotionManager toolbar).
Under Type, select Force
Under Component/Direction, click inside the Motor Location dialogue box. Go to the graphic area and
click on the top face of the plunger, as shown:
Upon this operation, the Action Part automatically filled. You can always reverse the sense of the motion by
toggling Reverse Direction.
Under Force Constant, keep the default Constant.

Type 0N for Force.
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3.
200
Fix the frames per second where the time increment = 1/frames per second.
Click Motion Study Properties (MotionManager toolbar).
Under Motion Analysis, type 10 in the Frames per second text area, i.e. time step = 1/10 = 0.1 sec.
Take the default for the rest of the dialogues in the Motion Study Properties,
In Timeline Area, specify the overall motion duration. In this case, drag the Key Properties to 1 sec.
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4.
The EMS Motion analysis is time consuming. Therefore, it is a good habit to validate the Motion setup
and make sure it produces the desired motion before moving to the EMS setup and analysis:
5.
Next to Motion Analysis, click on the Calculate button.

Once the force is set up, move to the EMS Manager. Right click the root of the EMSManager, and
define an EMS study the usual way.
Notice that the rotor, shaft, and the permanent magnets move together without applying any fixed mates
between them because they are grouped under one same sub-assembly. It is a good habit to do so.
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Creating a Motion Study in the EMS Manager

Once the desired motion is Setup, move from MotionManager to the EMS Manager.
1.
2.
3.

.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Solenoid icon and click Study.
6.
7.
8.
9.


Check the Motion Analysis and select Motion Study 1.
Magnetostatic
10. Click OK
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Assigning materials
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Coil-1 t icon in the Solids folder and select Apply Material to
2.
3.
4.
Choose Copper.
5.
Click OK
Just follow the above steps after holding down the Control Key and selecting air1^Solenoi-1, Band^Solenoid-1,
and Outer Air^Solenoid-1 and apply the air material.
To assign material to the Plunger, and stator:
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, using the control key select Plunger-1, and Stator-1, right-click one of them in
the Solids folder and select Apply Material to All Bodies. The Material Property Manager page opens.
2.
3.
Click the (+) sign next to the ferromagnetic folder to expand its contents.
4.
Choose Mild Steel.
5.
Click OK
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Adding coils
It is important to realize that the exciting coils in this example makes a closed loop. Therefore, it is multiplyconnected. The current density must flow orthogonal to the entry port. To make such a port accessible for picking,
the coil is split into two bodies. In addition, the entry and exit ports are the same. Thus, only the entry port must
be specified.

1.
To facilitate access to the coil, go the SolidWorks manager window, right-click on Coil<1>, select Isolate
2.
3.
4.
Go back to the EMS manager window, right-click on Coil Select Wound Coil
on the EMS toolbar.
From General Properties group enter 19 as the AWG value, or 0.91168568mm as coil wire diameter and
1 as a fraction ratio of the coil with respect to the actual coil.

.
7. Click on the Coil <1> icon. It will appear in the Components and Solid Bodies list.
8. Hide Split-1 so you can have access to an inner face where to apply an Entry .
9.
then select the Entry Port face
.
10. Check Same as Entry Port under the Faces for Exit Port box.
206
12. Type 0.8 for the magnitude of the Current per Turn
13. Click OK
.
14. Click on Exit Isolate button to see the whole assembly
Notes:
To change the color of the Entry and Exit ports symbols Expand Symbol Setting click Edit color. A color
and type a value.
click OK.
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Defining a force/torque set

It is true that in the MotionManager we applied a Force-based motion on the Plunger. However, EMS has no way
of knowing, a priori, which parts are meant to move, unit they actually start moving, i.e. after at least one time
step. Consequently, just like the case of non-motion situations, we still need to specify the force/torque set on
which the force/torque must be computed.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Right-click the Forces/Torques folder and select Virtual Work. The Forces/Torques property manager
page appears.
Click inside the Components and Bodies box.
Click on the (+) sign next to the sub-assembly Solenoid.
Click on Plunger<1> icon. It will appear in the Components and Solid Bodies list.
6.
Click OK
In this case, the motion is Motor-driven. Thus, the torque on the rotating set is just an output at each rotor
position. It does not drive the motion.
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Meshing the Assembly and running the analysis

The air region is split into three separate parts: a Band, an inner and outer air. The Band is compulsory for all
motion studies which is a buffer zone between the moving and stationary components. The splitting of the air into
an inner and outer regions is optional but recommended. This strategy is actually recommended for most
problems because it allows you to mesh densely around the inner air regions, where the field is significant, and
mesh coarsely in the outer air regions, where the field is usually small and decaying. Thus capturing the field
variation in the relevant areas without requiring a very large number of mesh elements.
If no mesh control is applied, parts will use the global mesh size. The global mesh size is actually linked to the
number of mesh elements per diagonal of the largest solid body where no mesh control has been applied, i.e. in
most cases, it is the outer air region. Thus, it is recommended that you should fix the number of mesh elements
per diagonal for each solid body. The program will automatically compute the global mesh size which again
represents the mesh size to be used in the largest solid body where no mesh control has been applied.
To mesh the model:
1.
Click Mesh
2.

diagonal
3.
on the EMS toolbar.
, and Tolerance
values.
Size
. The Global
4.
Type 0.006mm in the Tolerance
5.

also change.
6.
Click OK
box.
because if you do, the Average number per diagonal will
Meshing starts and the Mesh Progress window appears. After meshing is completed, EMS displays the
meshed model. This mesh corresponds to the initial position, i.e. time = 0s. The mesh of the subsequent
positions will be generated dynamically by transforming the initial mesh in all the regions, except the Band. The
mesh in the Band is actually regenerated for each time step.
Click Run
on the EMS toolbar.
The overall mesh is different from one time step to another. Once the Run is completed, the mesh can be
visualized at each time step.
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Visualization of Motion Results

The regular flux, field, current, etc. plots are available in motion studies at each position, i.e. time step. These
results can be viewed at each step separately or animated to examine the effect of the motion. Similarly, the
tabular results such as force/torque, inductance, flux linkage, etc. can now be visualized at each time step. They
can also be plotted versus time, position, speed, and acceleration, e.g. torque vs speed. Furthermore, the
kinematic results such as position versus time can also be visualized right in the tabular results. A more complete
motion and kinematics results are readily available in the SolidWorks MotionManager.
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View the field results on the mesh

The field results on the mesh
The process of visualizing the field results is exactly the same as the non-motion studies. Below, is an example of
the magnetic flux density. Other quantities are processed the same way.
1.
2.
Hide all the air and coil components, including the Band.

3.

coordinate system.
4.
b. Set Units
to Tesla.
5.
Select OK
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To animate the flux density:

1.
2.
3.
Right-click on the plot tree icon and select Animate.

In the Animation dialogue, click Play. It may take up to 1 minute the buffer the data.
You may Pause or Stop the animation.
4.
Select OK
All other field quantities are viewed and animated in a similar fashion.
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Plotting the force and Back EMF

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click on Motion Results Table .

In the results table, click the Force Tab.
Highlight the Fy-axis cell.
In the Parameters to plot field, click on Add parameter, the Fy-axis is added to the list of plots.
At this point, you may plot Fy-axis versus time, angle, Linear velocity, Linear acceleration, or Center of
mass.
6.
To plot Force versus Center of Mass, in the upper-left corner of the table, under Motion Parameter,
choose Center of Mass.
In the lower-right corner, under X-Axis, click the Center of Mass button.
Now, click Plot parameters. The following plot appears:
7.
8.
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Following, the same procedure, you may plot any tabular data. For example, after adding the BACK EMF you will
obtain the following plot::
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Plotting Kinematic Results in the EMS Manager

Some limited kinematic results are accessible via the EMS manager. A more thorough and complete results are
available in the MotionManager.
To plot Linear velocity versus time in the EMS Manager:
1.
2.
3.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click on Motion Results Table .

In the upper-left corner of the table, under Motion Parameter, choose Center of Mass.
Right below, the time-angle data, click on Plot.
Similarly, the velocity and the acceleration may readily be plotted versus time following the same procedure. In
this case, the plot of speed and acceleration are trivial. In other situations, these speed and acceleration could of
great design value.
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1.
and select Define.

2.
4.
5.

Click OK.
Click File, Save.
216
Lesson EC1 : Resistance Calculation of a Trimmed Resistor

Description of the model
Given a trimmed resistor made of copper and backed up by an aluminium slab subject to a voltage load of 10 volts
applied at the left and right extremities. The aim of this study is to compute the resistance as well as the electric
field, current density, and the potential distributions. Note that for the Electric Conduction analysis no air shall be
modeled.

Creating an Electric Conduction analysis study
Applying voltage restraints
Calculating the resistance
Viewing basic results of Electric Conduction analysis
Generating an Html report.
My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ EC1 \ TrimmedResistor.SLDASM
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Creating an Electric Conduction study

To create an Electric Conduction study:
1.
2.
Browse to <Current User> \ My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ EC1 \

Open the TrimmedResistor.SLDASM assembly file.
3.
4.
5.

.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the TrimmedResistor icon and click Study.

Choose the matrix solver type. The default and the recommended type is Direct.
6.
Select a Normal as a precision level. The higher the precision is the longer solving time will be.
7.
Under Analysis Type, check
8.
9.
Click OK
Electric Conduction

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Meshing the model

To mesh the model:
1.
Click EMS Mesh
on the EMS toolbar and select Mesh
and Tolerance
box and 10mm in the Tolerance
values.
2.
3.
box.
4.
Click OK

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Applying fixed voltage restraints

To apply a fixed voltage:
1.
In the EMS manager tree right-click Load/Restraint
and select Fixed Voltage
2.
3.
faces
Type 0 in the Voltage box .
4.
Click OK
then select the 2
Repeat the same steps above to apply 10 V to the 2
faces
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Assigning materials
To assign material to the Trimmed part :
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Trimmed-1 icon in the Solids folder and select Apply Material
to All Bodies. The Material page opens.
2.
3.
4.
Choose Aluminium.
5.
Click OK
To assign material to Part2 :
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Part2-1 icon in the Solids folder and select Apply Material to
All Bodies. The Material page opens.
2.
3.
4.
Choose Gold.
5.
Click OK
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Defining a resistance set

The Electric Conduction is the only module that may compute the resistance. The resistance is defined as the ratio
of voltage to current. The voltage is defined between two points. Therefore, the user has to specify the entry and
exit ports for the resistor set. The entry port is where the current flows into the resistor set and exit port is where
the current exits. EMS automatically computes the voltage difference between the entry and exit ports as well as
the current flowing through the resistor set. From the current and voltage, the resistance is deduced.
To define a resistance set:
1.
In a study, right-click the Resistance Sets folder and select Define
. Or click on the toolbar.
The Resistance Sets Property Manager appears.
2.
then select the Entry Port
face
3.
face
4.
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Click OK
then select the Exit Port
.
.
In this case, the Entry and Exit ports has only one face each. In general, they may have more than one face.
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Running the study

To run the study:
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click Study1 icon and select Run. Or click
on the toolbar.
Notes:
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224
You can edit or delete the study by choosing Delete or Properties from the right-menu.
When the analysis is done, the Electric Conduction module creates four folders in the EMS manager tree.
These folders are:Report, Electric Field , Current density and Potential.. These folders are used in post
processing.
in this lesson.
Viewing the vector plot of the current density
To view the current density:
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click on the Current Density folder and select 3D.
The Current Density Property Manager appears.

2.

a. Select Jar from the current density component Directions are based on the global coordinate
system.
o Jx: Current Density in the X direction
o Jy: Current Density in the Y direction
o Jz: Current Density in the Z direction
o Jr: Resultant Current Density
b.
c.
Set Units
to Amp/m .
Select Vector from Plot Type .
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Select OK
.
Right-click the plot icon ( Current Density - 2).
Choose Vector Plot Options ...
Type 100 in size box.
Type 95 in density box.
8.
Select OK
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226
Graphing the current density on a line segment

To graph the current density on a line segment:
You can insert points by using the SolidWorks command: Insert->Reference Geometry->Point.
1.
2.
Right-click the Current Density folder in the EMS Manager tree and select 2D.
Select Jar from the current density component Directions are based on the global coordinate system.
o Jx: Current Density in the X direction
o Jy: Current Density in the Y direction
o Jz: Current Density in the Z direction
o Jr: Resultant Current Density
3.
4.
5.
Set Units
to Amp/m .
6.
Select OK
To see the listing of the force click on the Listing tab.

To track the values on the curve, click on the drag button

and drag the pointer on the curve.
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Probing the potential

To probe the potential plot:
1.
2.
3.
In the EMS Manager tree, click the plus sign (+) beside the Potential folder.
Right-click on the desired plot and select Show if it is not active or double click.
Right-click on the desired plot and select Probe.
The Probe list box appears.

4.
In the graphics area, click on the plot at different locations.
The list box lists the potential value and the coordinates of the point you clicked in the global coordinate
system.
5.
Click Plot.
The Probe Result graph window opens. The potential is plotted versus the location you probed (node number).
The graph does not depict the actual distance between the nodes.
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1.
In the EMS Manager tree, double-click on Results Table.
3.
4.
5.
6.
To see the resistance click on the Resistors tab.

To see the dissipated power click on Dissipated Power tab.
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EMS_Tutorials

1.
Click EMS Report
on the toolbar and select Define.

2.
4.
5.
Select the Show report on inside SolidWorks, and Print version check boxes.
Click OK.
The report displays in your default web browser. You can navigate through different sections of your report by
clicking on the links at the top.
Click File, Save.
230
Lesson AC1: Asymmetrical Conductor Model with a Hole

The model shown below consists of a thick aluminum plate with an eccentric hole and an exciting coil. Since the
structure is asymmetrical, it is modeled in its entirety.
This problem is known as the TEAM Workshop problem #7. Measured data and problem description are included
in [1]. More measured results are presented in [2]. In the results section, a comparison with the measured results
will be given.
Skin Depth Calculation

The first step for AC Magnetic problems is always to calculate the skin depth () or the depth of penetration of the
field for the conducting regions. For the current problem, the skin depth must be calculated in the Aluminum plate
at a frequency f = 50 Hz, = o = 4 X10 H/m and = 3.526 X 10 S/m. Using the following equation,
-7
we obtain = 11.98 mm. The height of the Aluminum plate H = 19mm. Thus H/ = 19/11.98 = 1.58. Hence the
current problem indeed requires the AC Magnetic analysis. Furthermore, as mentioned earlier, for the AC magnetic
analysis, the mesh must have at least two elements per skin depth in the conducting regions where an eddy
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current is expected to be induced. Given a ratio of H/ = 1.58, 3 to 4 mesh elements along the height of the
Aluminum plate are sufficient.
Since the coil is stranded, it does not support eddy currents. Thus, the calculation of the skin depth in the coil is not
needed.
Creating an AC Magnetic analysis study

Adding a coil to an AC Magnetic study
Specifying the ports of a closed coil
Calculating the Lorentz force
Viewing basic results of AC Magnetic analysis
Manipulating the post processing results of AC Magnetic analysis .
My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ AC1 \ Team Problem 7.SLDASM
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The model shown below consists of a thick aluminum plate with an eccentric hole and an exciting coil. Since the
structure is asymmetrical, it is modeled in its entirety.
This problem is known as the TEAM Workshop problem #7. Measured data and problem description are included
in [1]. More measured results are presented in [2]. In the results section, a comparison with the measured results
will be given.
Skin Depth Calculation

The first step for AC Magnetic problems is always to calculate the skin depth () or the depth of penetration of the
field for the conducting regions. For the current problem, the skin depth must be calculated in the Aluminum plate
at a frequency f = 50 Hz, = o = 4 X10 H/m and = 3.526 X 10 S/m. Using the following equation,
-7
we obtain = 11.98 mm. The height of the Aluminum plate H = 19mm. Thus H/ = 19/11.98 = 1.58. Hence the
current problem indeed requires the AC Magnetic analysis. Furthermore, as mentioned earlier, for the AC magnetic
analysis, the mesh must have at least two elements per skin depth in the conducting regions where an eddy
current is expected to be induced. Given a ratio of H/ = 1.58, 3 to 4 mesh elements along the height of the
Aluminum plate are sufficient.
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Since the coil is stranded, it does not support eddy currents. Thus, the calculation of the skin depth in the coil is not
needed.

My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ AC1 \ Team Problem 7.SLDASM
Next
234
Creating an AC Magnetic study

To create a AC Magnetic study:
2.
Open up the Team Problem 7 solid works sketch available at Documents/EMS Documents/EMS
Examples/ AC1 / Team Problem 7.SLDASM
In the Manager window of Solid Works select the EMS Manager tab.
3.
Right Click on the Icon where it says Team Problem 7 and click on study.
1.
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EMS_Tutorials
2.
3.
4.
5.
The study set up wizard will show up. In the study name box you can type in the name you want to give to
your study.
For the Analysis type, choose AC Magnetic
For the Frequency, use 50 Hz
Make sure that the compute circuit parameters box is checked
The Split Core Losses and the steady state thermal and Motion Analysisboxes are unchecked.
6.
Then click the green check mark
1.
236
at the top left corner of the wizard window
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You should end up with a manager window that looks like this
7.
Click Apply if you want to accept the input and remain in the Property Manager to create more studies. Each time
you click Apply a study is created.

Next
238
Assigning materials
In this section, we will show you how to assign materials to different parts of the assembly. Click the appropriate
link to view a detailed procedure.
Assigning material to the plate
To define material properties to the Aluminum part:

1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Plate-1 icon in the Solids folder and select Apply
Material to All Bodies. The Material PM page opens.
2.
3.
4.
Choose AluminiumForAC .
5.
Click OK
Assigning material to the coils
To define material properties to the coil parts:

1.
In the EMS Manager tree, hold the Ctrl key down and the click Half Coil1-1 Half Coil1-2 icons
in the Solids folder and select Apply Material to All Bodies. The Material PM opens.
2.
3.
4.
Choose Copper.
5.
Click OK
Assigning material to the air parts
To define material properties to the air parts:

1.
In the EMS Manager tree, hold the Ctrl key down and click Airb-1 and Outer Air-1 icons in the
Solids folder and select Apply Material to All Bodies. The Material PM opens.
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EMS_Tutorials
2.
3.
Click the (+) sign next to the Air folder to expand its contents.
4.
Choose Air.
5.
Click OK
Assigning material to the hole
To define material properties to the hole:

1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Hole1-1 icon in the Solids folder and select Apply
Material to All Bodies. The Material PM page opens.
Next
240
2.
3.
4.
Choose Hole.
5.
Click OK
Adding a coil
It is important to realize that the exciting coil in this example makes a closed loop, i.e. multiply-connected. Since
the problem is asymmetric, the entire coil has to be included in the model. The current density must flow
orthogonal to the entry port. To make such port accessible for picking, the coil was divided to 2 parts Coil-1 and
Coil2-1. In addition, the entry and exit ports are the same. Thus, only the entry port must be specified.
1.
Click EMS Coil
on the EMS toolbar.

.
3. Click on the + sign in the upper left corner of the graphics area to open the components tree.
4. Click on the Half Coil1-1 and Half Coil1-2 icons. They will appear in the Components and Solid
Bodies list.
5. Hide Half Coil1-1 so you can have access to an inner face where to apply an Entry Port condition.
6.

face
then select the Entry Port
.
7.
Check Same as Entry Port under the Faces for Exit Port box
8.
9.
Type 27.42 for the magnitude of the Current per Turn
10. Click OK
.
and keep the default 0 deg for the phase
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EMS_Tutorials
Notes:
and type a value.
Next
242

Before creating the mesh, we will set the meshing options. Then, we will apply mesh controls to the Aluminum
plate and the coils to create a finer mesh on these parts. Finally, we mesh the whole assembly using the active
settings and the specified controls. To know how to perform each procedure, click its link from below.
Applying mesh control to the plate
To apply mesh controls to the Aluminum plate:

1.
Click EMS Mesh
on the EMS toolbar and select Apply Control
2.
3.
4.

.
Click on the Plate-1 icon. It will appear in the Components and Solid Bodies list.
5.
6.
Click OK
box and type 5.0mm.
Applying mesh controls to the coil, Airb, and the hole.
To apply mesh controls to the coil, Air1, and hole:

1.
Click EMS Mesh
2.
3.
4.

.
Click on the Half Coil1-1, Half Coil1-2, Airb-1 and Hole-1 icons. It will appear in the
5.
6.
Click OK
box and type 10.0mm.

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EMS_Tutorials
1.
Click EMS Mesh
2.
3.
4.

5.
Click OK
and Tolerance
values.
box.
Meshing starts and the Mesh Progress window appears. After meshing is completed, EMS
automatically runs the analysis.

also be less than the smallest edge in the model; otherwise such edge would be collapsed.
Next
244
Viewing the 3D magnetic flux density in the modelplate
To view the magnitude of the flux density at t=0:
1.
2.
Hide all the components except the Plate.

The Magnetic Flux Density PropertyManager appears.

2.

coordinate system.
3.
4.
b. Set Units
to Tesla.
d. Select Continuous from Fringe Options.
In the Part box check Magnitude.
In the Phase box keep the default 0.0deg.
5.
Select OK
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Next
246
Viewing the vector plot of the current density

The conductive parts are Half Coil1-1, Half Coil1-2, Plate-1, and Hole1. However, the coil is of wound type
which does not support currents and only Plate-1 and Hole1 components do. It is a good idea to hide all other
components before viewing the current density.
To view the real part of the current density at t=90 :

o
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click on the Current Density folder and select 3D.
The Current Density PropertyManager appears.

2.

a. Select Jer from the current density component . Directions are based on the global coordinate
system.
o Jex: Current Density in the X direction
o Jey: Current Density in the Y direction
o Jez: Current Density in the Z direction
o Jer: Resultant Current Density
3.
4.
b. Set Units
to Amp/m .
c. Select Vector from Plot Type.
In the Part box check Real.
In the Phase box type 95.0deg.
5.
Select OK
The default settings of the vector plot may not be visible enough. To change the vector settings:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Right-click the plot icon.

Choose Vector Plot Options ...
5.
Select OK
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Next
248
Verifying the flux density results

Among the benchmark results required by TEAM 7 is the plot of magnetic flux density along the Z-axis (Bz)
through the line A1B1 described in the sketch below:
The measured data is reported in [1] and [2].

To graph the magnetic flux density on the line segment A1B1:
You can Insert points using the SolidWorks command: Insert->Reference Geometry->Point.
1.
2.
Right-clicking the Magnetic Flux Density folder in the EMS Manager tree and select 2D.
Select Bz from the magnetic flux density component . Directions are based on the global coordinate
system.
3.
4.
Set Units
to Tesla.
points of the line segment A1 and B1.
In the Phase box type 0.0deg.
5.
6.
7.
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8.
Select OK
The above results compare well to the measured data reported in [1] and [2].
References:
[1] K. Fujiware and T. Nakata, "Results for benchmark Problem 7 (asymmetric conductor with a hole)," in Compel,
vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 137-154, 1990.
[2]. Oszkar Biro and Kurt Preis, "An edge finite element eddy current formulation using a reduced magnetic and a
current vector potential," IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 3128-3130, September 2000.
Next
250

1.
and select Define.

2.
4.
5.

Click OK.
Click File, Save.
251
Lesson AC2: 3 Phases Power Transformer With Losses

The example presented here is a three-phase transformer (Figure 1, Figure 2). The primary coils for each phase
are characterized by (300 turns, 10 A/turn, 0 degrees), (300 turns, 10 A/turn, 120 degrees), and (300 turns, 10
A/turn, 10 A, 240 degrees), respectively. The secondary windings are short-circuited. The windings are made of
copper, and the core is composed of laminated steel with loss. In EMS, the core loss could be specified either by
importing a Steinmetz (P-B) curve or selecting the coefficients of a Steinmetz loss function. In this example, a
Steinmetz function is used, where k = 3.39, alpha = 1.979, and beta = 2.628.
An electromagnetic analysis of the transformer model is carried out, and the results are recorded in an EMS report.
The applied current density in each coil, the magnetic flux density, the magnetic field intensity, the resulting eddy
current distribution, and other electromagnetic parameters are presented in the report. A steady state thermal
analysis is also carried out. Using EMS, additional runs can be carried out using alternative geometric and/or
material configuration to reduce this temperature rise and thus increase the transformers reliability and life time.
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Figure 1: General View of the 3-phase model.
254
Figure 2: Section view of the 3-phase model.

Computing the Circuit Parameters
My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ AC2 \ 3phases.SLDASM
Next
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EMS_Tutorials
Creating an AC Magnetic study

To create a AC Magnetic study:
1.
2.
Browse to <Current User> \ My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ AC2 \

Open the 3phases.SLDASM assembly file .
3. Click the EMS Manager tab

.
4. Click on the Study icon
on the EMS tool bar.
5. In the Property Manager, under Name, take the default name or type the name of the study.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

AC Magnetic.
Enter 60 Hz for the Frequency.
Keep Split Core Loss box checked.
Under Thermal Analysis, check the Steady state thermal box to enable thermal solution.
11. Click OK

Next
256
Assigning materials
Assigning material to the coils parts

1.
In the EMS Manager tree, hold the Ctrl key down and click Inner_Coil1-1, Inner_Coil2-1 ,
Inner_Coil3-1, Outer_Coil1-1, Outer_Coil2-1 and Outer_Coil3-1 icons in the Solids folder and
select Apply Material to All Bodies. The Material PM opens.
2.
3.
Click the (+) sign next to the With Core Loss folder to expand its contents.
4.
Choose [email protected] mm (60Hz).
5.
Click OK

1.
In the EMS Manager tree, hold the Ctrl key down and click Inner_Air-1 and Outer_Air-1
icons in the Solids folder and select Apply Material to All Bodies. The Material PM opens.
2.
3.
4.
Choose Air.
5.
Click OK
Assigning material to the core part
To define material properties to the hole:

1.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click the Core^3phases icon in the Solids folder and select
Apply Material to All Bodies. The Material PM page opens.
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Next
258
2.
3.
Click the (+) sign next to the With Core Loss folder to expand its contents.
4.
select the material name : [email protected] mm (60Hz).
5.
Click OK
Adding Coils
Adding Coils
Add the following coils to the study:
Adding the Inner_Coil1-1 Coil
Adding the Outer_Coil1-1 Coil
Next
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Adding the First Inner Coil

1.
First go to SolidWorks Feature Manager Design Tree Tab, right click on part Inner_Coil1^3phases-1
from the pop-up menu select Isolate.
2.
3.
4.
Click Wound Coil

on the EMS toolbar. The coil Property Manager opens
From General Properties group enter 38.06150 as AWG value, 0.10001348 as coil wire diameter and 1
as a fraction ratio of the coil with respect to the actual coil.
5. Click inside the Selected Entities list box

.
7. Select Inner_Coil1^3phases-1
8.

, right click on shown coil model, from the pop-up menu
click on Select Other and from the pop-up faces list select Face<1>@Inner_Coil1^3phases-1 as Entry
Port face
.
9. Exit Isolate view option.
10. Check Same as Entry Port under the faces for the Exit Port box.
12. Type 1 for the RMS magnitude of the Current per Turn
13. Click OK
and keep the default 0 deg for the phase
Notes:
and type a value.
Next
260
Adding the Second Inner Coil

1.
2.
3.
4.
Click Wound Coil

on the EMS toolbar. The coil PropertyManager opens

.
8.

Port face
.
13. Click OK
and enter 120.0 deg for the phase
Notes:
and type a value.
Next
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EMS_Tutorials
Adding the Third Inner Coil

1.
2.
3.
4.
Click Wound Coil


.
8.

Port face
.
13. Click OK
Notes:
Next
262
and type a value.
click OK.
Adding the First Outer Coil

1.
First go to SolidWorks Feature Manager Design Tree Tab, right click on part Outer_Coil1^3phases-1
2.
3.
4.
Click Wound Coil


.
7. Select Outer_Coil1^3phases-1
8.
9.

click on Select Other and from the pop-up faces list select Face<1>@Outer_Coil1^3phases-1 as Entry
Port face
Check Same as Entry Port under the faces for the Exit Port box.
and keep the default 0.0 deg for the phase
.
12. Click OK
Notes:
and type a value.
Next
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EMS_Tutorials
Adding the Second Outer Coil

1.
2.
3.
4.
Click Wound Coil


.
8.
9.

Port face
12. Click OK
Notes:
and type a value.
Next
264
Adding the Third Outer Coil

1.
2.
3.
4.
Click Wound Coil


.
8.
9.

Port face
12. Click OK
Notes:
and type a value.
Next
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Load/Restraints
Applying Convection as a Thermal restraint
To apply thermal convection:
1.
2.
In a study, right-click the Load/Restraint folder and select Thermal > Convection.
3.
4.
Click inside the Selected Entities list box

then select the Outer Air-1 and Inner Air 1 components.
keep 10 as Coefficient Convection value and 300 as Ambient bulk temperature in SI unit system.
5.
Click OK
Next
266

Before creating the mesh, we will set the meshing options. Then, we mesh the whole assembly using the active
settings and the specified controls. To know how to perform each procedure, click its link from below.

1.
Click Mesh
on the EMS Main toolbar.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Type 101.85480118 mm in the Global Size

box and 0.10185481 mm in the Tolerance
Type 24 as average number of mesh element per diagonal for each solid body.
6.
Click OK
and Tolerance
values.
box.
Meshing starts and the Mesh Progress window appears. After meshing is completed, EMS automatically runs
the analysis.

Next
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EMS_Tutorials
Visualizing the AC Magnetic Results
The next procedures show you how to visualize the results of AC Magnetic analysis.
Viewing 3D Magnetic Flux Density results

Viewing 3D Magnetic Field Intensity results
Viewing the 3D Losses Density results

Viewing the Thermal results (Temperature)
Viewing results table
Next
268
Viewing 3D Magnetic flux results

To view the magnitude of the flux density at t=0:
1.
2.
Hide the Outer Air 1 component.


2.

coordinate system.
3.
4.
b. Set Units
to Tesla.
In the Phase box keep the default 0.0deg.
5.
Select OK
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To manipulate the results plot use the EMS view results toolbar:
Next
270
Viewing Vector results

To view the vector plot of magnetic field intensity at t=240.0deg:
1.
2.


2.

a. Select Br from the Magnetic Field Intensity component . Directions are based on the global
coordinate system.
o Hx: Magnetic Field Intensity in the X direction
o Hy: Magnetic Field Intensity in the Y direction
o Hz: Magnetic Field Intensity in the Z direction
o Hr: Resultant Magnetic Field Intensity
3.
4.
b. Set Units
to Tesla.
In the Phase box enter 240.0deg.
5.
Select OK
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Next
272
Viewing 3D Loss Density results

To view the losses density :
1.
2.
Hide the Outer Air 1, Inner Air 1 and all coils component.
In the EMS Manager tree, right-click on the Losses Density folder and select 3D.
The Losses Density Property Manager appears.

2.

a. Select the loss to plot from the Losses (Ohmic Loss) .
o Ohmic Loss
o Eddy Loss
o Hysteresis Loss
o Excess Loss
o Core Loss
b.
c.
3.
Set Units
to W/m^3.
Select OK
Next
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Viewing 3D Temperature results

To view the Temperature results:
1.
2.

In the EMS Manager tree, right-click on the Temperature folder and select 3D.
The Temperature Property Manager appears.

2.

a.
b.
3.
Set Units
to Kelvin.
Select OK
Next
274
Viewing results table

1.
Figure 1: Coils Voltage Results
275
EMS_Tutorials
Figure 2: Parts Losses Results
3.
4.
Next
276


1.
and select Define.

2.
4.
5.

Click OK.
Click File, Save.
277
Lesson TR1: Transient Analysis of Stepper Motor

A stepper motor, with a cogged rotor (Figures 1 and 2), is analyzed using EMS Transient magnetic analysis type.
The stator consists of four spokes, each one is surrounded by a copper coil. The current applied on each coil is a
pulse signal with time delay. The electromagnetic force and torque exerted on the rotor by the coils are computed.
The magnetic flux density path through the rotor and the stator for all time steps is also obtained. Moreover, the
current density is given by EMS.
Figure 1. Model of the entire motor.
Figure 2. Section view of the model.
My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ StepperMotor \ StepperMotor.SLDASM
Next
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EMS_Tutorials
Creating a transient study

To create a Transient Magnetic study:
1.
2.
Browse to <Current User> \ My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ Stepper Motor \.
Open the StepperMotor.SLDASM assembly file .
3.
4.
5.

.
Click on the Study icon in
EMS toolbar.
In the Property Manager, under Name, take the default name or type the name of the study.
6.
7.

Transient Magnetic.
In the Time Duration dialogue box do the following:
a.
b.
c.
d.
Keep the default Start Time value of 0.0.

Type 0.012 in the End Time box.
Type 0.001 in the Time Increment box.
Type in the Max Bisection value of 1.
8.
Click OK
9.

Next
280
Assigning materials
Assigning material to the steel parts
To define material properties to the Steel part:

1.
In the EMS Manager tree, while holding the Ctrl key down select Rotot^Stepper Motor-1-Body
1 (Fillet1) and Stator^Stepper Motor-1-Body 1 (Fillet2) icons in the Solids folder and select
Apply Material to All Bodies. The Material page opens.
2.
3.
Click the (+) sign next to the ferromagnetic to expand its contents.
4.
Choose Mild Steel.
5.
Click OK
Assigning material to the coil

1.
In the EMS Manager tree, while holding the Ctrl key down select Coil^Stepper Motor-1,
Coil^Stepper Motor-2, Coil^Stepper Motor-3 and Coil^Stepper Motor-4 icons in the Solids
folder and select Apply Material to All Bodies. The Material opens.
2.
3.
4.
Choose Copper.
5.
Click OK

281
EMS_Tutorials
1.
In the EMS Manager tree, while holding the Ctrl key down select Inner Air^Stepper Motor-1
and Outer Air^Stepper Motor-1 icons in the Solids folder and right-click on Apply Material to
All Bodies. The Material opens.
2.
3.
4.
Choose Air.
5.
Click OK
You can also apply to only one part and then the use drag and drop feature.
Next
282
Adding Coils
Adding Coils
Add the following coils to the study:
Adding a wound coil for Coil^Stepper Motor-1
Next
283
EMS_Tutorials
Adding a coil to a transient study

Click EMS Coil

following coil information:
284
on the EMS toolbar. The coil Property Manager opens and enter the
285
EMS_Tutorials
Coil Orientation should look like the Coil-1 orientation shown in picture below:
Notes:
Next
286
and type a value.
click OK.

Click EMS Coil

on the EMS toolbar.. The coil Property Manager opens and enter the
287
EMS_Tutorials
288
Notes:
and type a value.
click OK.
Next
289
EMS_Tutorials

Click EMS Coil

290
on the EMS toolbar.. The coil Property Manager opens and enter the
291
EMS_Tutorials
Notes:
292
and type a value.
click OK.
Next
293
EMS_Tutorials

Click EMS Coil

294
on the EMS toolbar. The coil Property Manager opens and enter the
295
EMS_Tutorials
Notes:
296
and type a value.
click OK.
Next
297
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Applying virtual work set

To compute the torque on the upper magnet
1.
In the EMS manager tree right-click the Forces/Torques
. The Forces/Torques Property Manager appears.
2.
3.
4.
5.

.
Click on Rotot^Stepper Motor-1 icon. The component will appear in the Components and Solid Bodies
list.
Take the default Torque Center, i.e. at the origin.
6.
Click OK
Next
298
Mesh
1.
Click EMS Mesh
2.
3.

.
Click on the (+) sign in the upper left corner of the graphics area to open the components tree. Select
Coil^Stepper Motor-1, Coil^Stepper Motor-2, Coil^Stepper Motor-3, Coil^Stepper Motor-4,
Rotor^Stepper Motor-1, Stator^Stepper Motor-1
2.
3.
Click OK
box and type 2.0mm.
Repeat the same procedure to apply a second mesh control by entering the following data:
299
EMS_Tutorials
value.
Next
300
Meshing the model and running the study

To mesh the model:
1.
Click EMS Mesh
2.

diagonal
3.
, and Tolerance
.
values.
Size
. The Global
4.

change.
5.
Click OK
because if you do, the Average number per diagonal will also
Meshing starts and the Mesh Progress window appears. After meshing is completed, EMS displays the meshed
model.
Click Run
on the EMS toolbar.

Next
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EMS_Tutorials
View the magnetic flux density
1.
2.
Hide the Inner Air^Stepper Motor and the Outer Air^Stepper Motor components.

3.

coordinate system.
4.
b. Set Units
to Tesla.
5.
Select OK
The default settings of the vector plot may not be visible enough. To change the vector settings:
302
1.
2.
3.
4.
Right-click the plot icon.

Choose Vector Plot Options...
5.
Select OK
Next
303
EMS_Tutorials
Iso clipping of magnetic flux density

1.
2.
Hide the Inner Air^Stepper Motor and the Outer Air^Stepper Motor components.

3.

coordinate system.
4.
b. Set Units
to Tesla
Enter 10 for the Time Step . It sets the step number at which the Magnetic Flux Density is to be plotted.
5.
Select OK
To Iso clip the flux density:

1.
2.
Under the Magnetic Flux Density folder, right-click on the Magnetic Flux Density-2 icon.
Select Iso Clipping.
The Iso PropertyManager opens and the dialogues for Iso 1.

3.
4.
304
Under the Iso 1 box check Plot on iso surface only box.
Move the Slider bar of Iso 1 to the shown value below (0.0713009354)
5.
Click OK
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Next
306

1.
The results table appears.
3.
4.
To print the results, click Print or the arrow next to it to select printing the results of current time step only
or printing all time steps results.
To export the results, click Export or the arrow next to it to select exporting the results of current time
step only or exporting all time steps results.
Next
307
EMS_Tutorials

1.
Click EMS Report
on the toolbar.

2.
3.
4.
In the Report file name, type Tutor1.

Click OK.
Click File, Save.
308
Index
0
0s ................................................................... 176, 209

1
0.0deg .................................................... 245, 249, 269

0.15mm .................................................................... 58
0.15mm in ................................................................ 40
Body ..................................................................... 20
Tolerance ............................................................. 40
Coil1 ................................................................... 171
0.1mm .................................. 16, 28, 73, 122, 134, 243
Sector ................................................................. 151
0.25mm ............................................................ 72, 148
value ................................................... 120, 133, 138
0.35N ..................................................................... 152
1 Half Coil1 ............................................................ 239
0.5mm .............................................................. 72, 122
1 icon81, 118, 119, 120, 137, 138, 139, 173, 176, 221,
239, 243, 298
0.91168568mm .............................................. 173, 206

1 minute ......................................................... 179, 211
009178303_072909.SLDASM-1 ............................ 107
up ............................................................... 179, 211
009178304_072909.SLDASM-1 ............................ 106
1 under the Assem1 ............................................... 171
009178305_072909.SLDASM ............................... 105
1 under the Sector.................................................. 149
09178301_072909
1.2mm ...................................................................... 57
face..................................................................... 103
1.5mm .................................................................... 176
09178301_072909.SLDASM-1 .............................. 108
1/frames ......................................................... 165, 198
09178302_072909.SLDASM-3 ................................ 99
10
09178303_072909.SLDASM-1 .............................. 108
load..................................................................... 217
09178304_072909.SLDASM-1 .............................. 108
10.0mm .................................................................. 243
09178305_072909.SLDASM-1 .............................. 108
100mm ..................................................................... 33
09178306_072909.SLDASM-1 ................................ 99
10cm ........................................................................ 33
09178307_072909
10mm ......................................................... 33, 49, 219
face..................................................................... 101
10V........................................................................... 36
09178307_072909.SLDASM-1 .............................. 108
13mm ....................................................................... 65
0mm ................................................... 45, 87, 134, 148
19mm ............................................................. 231, 233
309
EMS_Tutorials
1mm ........................................................... 39, 65, 134
3D ... 1, 42, 45, 60, 63, 65, 77, 90, 111, 124, 126, 179,
211, 225, 245, 247, 269, 271, 273, 274, 302, 304
1V................................................................. 49, 52, 63

is 65
stripline ................................................................. 63
3D Loss Density results ......................................... 273
2
Viewing ............................................................... 273
2
3D Magnetic ........................................... 124, 126, 304
divided ................................................................ 241
view .................................................... 124, 126, 304
factor .......................................................... 128, 143
3D Magnetic flux results ......................................... 269
sketching ........................................................ 12, 13
Viewing ............................................................... 269
2.0mm .................................................................... 299
3D Temperature results ......................................... 274
20mm ....................................................................... 49
Viewing ............................................................... 274
240.0deg ................................................................ 271
3mm ......................................................................... 65
275300
3phases ......... 253, 256, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265
value ................................................................... 149
3phases icon .......................................................... 257
2Conductors ......................................................... 7, 19
2Conductors icon ..................................... 7, 14, 19, 26

5.0mm .................................................................... 243
2D .......................... 45, 63, 77, 93, 110, 141, 227, 249
50mm ................................................................. 36, 45
2D Plot ....................................................... 45, 63, 227
52.36
2mm ............................................................. 15, 27, 65
force ................................................................... 143
2nd Edition ............................................................. 129
54.3
3
force ................................................................... 143
3
5mm ................................................................... 33, 49
Analysis .............................................................. 143
General View ...................................................... 253

6.0mm .................................................................... 176
view .................................................................... 253
60Hz....................................................................... 257
3 to 4 mesh .................................................... 231, 233
7
3.5mm ...................................................................... 65
7.0mm ...................................................................... 87
300A....................................................................... 115
310
Index
A Magnetostatic study .................................... 117, 133

Creating ...................................................... 117, 133
8
up ....................................................................... 151
A Motion Study ............................................... 163, 196
80kV rms .................................................................. 77
Creating ...................................................... 163, 196
8mm ......................................................................... 65
A Motion Study in the EMS Manager ............. 169, 203
9
95.0deg .................................................................. 247
A
Creating ...................................................... 169, 203

A Motor .......................................................... 158, 192
A new material library............................................. 118
A B ......................................................................... 135
Adding ................................................................ 118
Adding ................................................................ 135
A new study ........................................................... 147
A Band ........................................................... 158, 192
Creating .............................................................. 147
A brushless ............................................................ 157
A Permanent Magnet ............................................. 149
A checkmark ................ 8, 20, 35, 51, 68, 99, 118, 119
Creating .............................................................. 149
A coil ...................... 120, 138, 241, 284, 287, 290, 294
A resistance set...................................................... 222
Adding ................ 120, 138, 241, 284, 287, 290, 294
Defining .............................................................. 222
A fixed voltage conductor ................................. 86, 103
A Second Floating Conductor ............................ 13, 25
Applying ........................................................ 86, 103
Applying .......................................................... 13, 25
A Floating Conductor ................. 12, 24, 105, 106, 107
A Study Report 31, 48, 64, 75, 94, 113, 130, 144, 153,
187, 216, 230, 251, 277, 308
Applying .................................. 12, 24, 105, 106, 107

A force............................................................ 175, 208
Generating ... 31, 48, 64, 75, 94, 113, 130, 144, 153,
187, 216, 230, 251, 277, 308
Defining ...................................................... 175, 208
A transient study .................... 280, 284, 287, 290, 294
A force set .............................................................. 121
Creating .............................................................. 280
Defining .............................................................. 121
A1........................................................................... 249
A Forcer ......................................................... 158, 192
A1B1 ...................................................................... 249
A grounded conductor ................................ 11, 85, 101
About Brushless DC Motors ................................... 155
Applying .................................................. 11, 85, 101
About Solenoid ....................................................... 189
A line segment ......................................... 93, 110, 227
AC ............................................................ 77, 231, 233
311
EMS_Tutorials
point...................................................................... 77
Agnetic Flux Density ..... 124, 126, 141, 179, 211, 245,
249, 269, 302, 304
AC Magnetic............... 1, 231, 233, 235, 253, 256, 268

create ......................................................... 235, 256
Air.... 8, 20, 35, 51, 52, 68, 81, 99, 119, 126, 137, 239,
257, 281
Creating .............................................. 231, 233, 253
Hide .............................................................. 52, 126
requires ...................................................... 231, 233
selecting ............................................................. 119
AC1 ........................................................ 231, 233, 235
Air Box ..................................................................... 35
AC2 ................................................................ 253, 256
Air Gap 1 ........................................................ 119, 122
Acceleration ........................................................... 184
Air Gap 2 ........................................................ 119, 122
Action Part ............................................................. 198
Air Modeling ............................................................... 3
Activate .............................................. 45, 63, 184, 227
Air1................................................. 171, 176, 205, 243
Listing ..................................................... 45, 63, 227
selecting ..................................................... 171, 205
MotionManager................................................... 184
Airb................................................................. 239, 243
Adding ... 118, 120, 135, 138, 158, 173, 181, 192, 206,
213, 241, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 283,
284, 287, 290, 294
AirBox .................................................... 35, 39, 51, 68
a B ...................................................................... 135
All ............................................................................. 68
a coil ................... 120, 138, 241, 284, 287, 290, 294
Apply Material ....................................................... 68
a new material library ......................................... 118
All Bodies 8, 20, 81, 99, 118, 119, 137, 149, 171, 205,
221, 239, 257, 281
Aleksic................................................................ 42, 45
BACK EMF ......................................................... 213

Coils ........................................... 173, 206, 259, 283
Apply Material ...... 81, 118, 119, 137, 149, 171, 205,
221, 239, 257, 281
Material ............................................................... 118
Select Apply Material ............................ 8, 20, 81, 99
the First Inner Coil .............................................. 260
Along .............................................................. 149, 171
the First Outer Coil ............................................. 263
Also Show .............................................................. 111
the Second Inner Coil ......................................... 261
Aluminum ....................................... 231, 233, 239, 243
the Second Outer Coil ................................ 263, 264
Ambient .................................................................. 266
the Third Inner Coil ............................................. 262
Amp........................................ 120, 138, 225, 227, 247
the Third Outer Coil ............................................ 265
Set Units ............................................. 225, 227, 247
Agnetic Field Intensity ............................................ 271
An........................................................................... 249
312
Index
An AC Magnetic study.................................... 235, 256
Apply Material ... 68, 81, 118, 119, 137, 149, 171, 205,
221, 239, 257, 281
Creating ...................................................... 235, 256

All ......................................................................... 68
An Efficient Algorithm ............................................... 74
Parameter Exctraction .......................................... 74
All Bodies .... 81, 118, 119, 137, 149, 171, 205, 221,
239, 257, 281
An Efficient Method ............................................ 60, 63
Apply Material to All Bodies ................................... 171
Solving Electrostatic Problems ....................... 60, 63
Apply Mesh Control .................................... 72, 87, 108
An Electric Conduction study ................................. 218

Creating .............................................................. 218
Applying .. 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 19, 23, 24, 25, 27, 34,
39, 50, 57, 67, 72, 80, 84, 85, 86, 98, 101, 103, 105,
106, 107, 117, 133, 147, 169, 175, 203, 208, 218,
220, 235, 256, 266, 280, 298, 299
An electromagnetic ................................................ 253
a fixed voltage conductor .............................. 86, 103
An electromechanical ............................................. 189
a Floating Conductor .............. 12, 24, 105, 106, 107
An Electrostatic Study .................. 7, 34, 50, 67, 80, 98
a grounded conductor............................. 11, 85, 101
Creating .................................... 7, 34, 50, 67, 80, 98
a Second Floating Conductor ......................... 13, 25
Analysis .................................................................. 143
Convection as a Thermal restraint ...................... 266
3 143
fixed voltage restraints ........................................ 220
Analysis Type .............................................................1
Force .................................................................. 208
Analytical Solution .................................................. 129
mesh control ............................... 15, 27, 39, 72, 299
Angular Displacement ............................................ 184
Mesh Controls ...................................................... 57
Animate .................................................................. 211
Motor .................................................................. 175
Animation ....................................................... 179, 211
Restraints ....................................................... 10, 84
Antennas and Propagation ................................. 42, 45
virtual work set.................................................... 298
Applied by ...................................................... 158, 192
zero volt ................................................................ 23
Applied Electromagnetics ....................................... 143
As shown in the ........................................................ 49
Computation ....................................................... 143
Assem1 .................................................. 171, 175, 176
Apply Control............ 57, 122, 134, 148, 176, 243, 299
Assem1-1/Permanent Magnet1.............................. 171
EMS Main toolbar ................................................. 57
Assem1-1/Permanent Magnet2.............................. 171
EMS toolbar ................................................ 148, 176
Assem1-1/Rotor1-2 ................................................ 171

Assem1-1/shaft-1 ................................................... 171
313
EMS_Tutorials
Assembly toolbar............................................ 163, 196
Bastos .................................................................... 129
Assigning .... 8, 20, 35, 36, 51, 52, 68, 69, 81, 99, 119,
137, 171, 205, 221, 239, 257, 281
BDCM .................................................................... 157

BDCM icon ............................................................. 169
Boundary Conditions ............................................ 36

Because electromagnetic ...........................................3
materials20, 119, 137, 171, 205, 221, 239, 257, 281
Benchmark Problem 7............................................ 249
materials from the EMS Material Library ... 8, 35, 51,
68, 81, 99
Results ............................................................... 249
Restraints ....................................................... 52, 69
BLDC ..................................................................... 155
August 1997 ............................................................. 74
Bodies20, 24, 25, 69, 85, 86, 105, 106, 107, 118, 119,
120, 121, 138, 139, 149, 151, 171, 173, 175, 206,
208, 241, 298
Average .................................................. 176, 209, 301

AWG .............. 173, 206, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265
1 20
Axial_Coupling ............................................... 145, 149
Coils ................................... 120, 138, 173, 206, 241
Axial_Coupling icon................................................ 147
Floating Conductor ................................... 24, 25, 69
Axial_Coupling.SLDASM ....................................... 147
Forces ................................ 121, 139, 151, 175, 298
Axis ........................................................ 149, 181, 213
Mur1400 ............................................................. 118
Axis Angle ...................................................... 181, 183
Voltage ................................... 85, 86, 105, 106, 107
Body 1 .................................................................... 281
B1........................................................................... 249
Bolt ................................................................... 99, 111
Back ............................................... 158, 192, 198, 206
simulation_072909 ....................................... 99, 111
EMS ............................................................ 198, 206
Boundary Conditions ................................................ 36
SolidWorks Motion...................................... 158, 192
Assigning .............................................................. 36
BACK EMF ..................................................... 181, 213
Box Unchecked .................................................. 80, 98
adding ................................................................. 213
BPMDM .................................................................. 165
Band............... 158, 171, 176, 179, 192, 205, 209, 211
Br .. 124, 126, 141, 145, 179, 211, 245, 249, 269, 302,
304
brushless DC ...................................................... 158

Browse ................................................................... 135
including ..................................................... 179, 211
Typical Steel ....................................................... 135
is 158, 192
Brushless ....................................................... 155, 158
Basic Motion................................................... 163, 196
314
Index
Brushless DC ................................................. 155, 158
Check Section 3 ....................................................... 45
band ................................................................... 158
Check Show ........................................................... 126
Brushless Permanent Magnet DC Motors .............. 165
Checkbox ....................................................... 158, 192
Bx ... 124, 126, 141, 179, 211, 245, 249, 269, 302, 304
Choose ....................................................... 158, 192
Bz ... 124, 126, 141, 179, 211, 245, 249, 269, 302, 304
select .......................................................... 158, 192
value ................................................................... 141
Chen .................................................................. 60, 63
Cheng .................................................................... 143
Calculate button ............................................. 165, 198
Choose........................... 123, 140, 149, 158, 192, 224
Calculating ............................................. 231, 233, 253
checkbox .................................................... 158, 192
Lorentz ............................................... 231, 233, 253
Delete ................................................. 123, 140, 224
Cartesian ................................................................ 149
MKS .................................................................... 149
Case...........................................................................3
Choose Air ....................... 8, 20, 81, 99, 239, 257, 281
Electric Conduction.................................................3
Choose Aluminium ................................................. 221
CDROM ............................................................. 42, 45
Choose AluminiumForAC ....................................... 239
Center ............................................................ 213, 215
Choose Copper ........ 20, 119, 137, 171, 205, 239, 281
Mass ........................................................... 213, 215
Choose FR ........................................................... 8, 20
Center Pole ............................................................ 135
Choose Gold .......................................................... 221
Center_pole ........................................... 134, 137, 139
Choose M36 ........................................................... 257
Check ............................................. 117, 169, 203, 256
Choose Material Browser ....................................... 149
Compute ..................................... 117, 169, 203, 256
Choose Mild Steel .................................. 171, 205, 281
Motion Analysis .......................................... 169, 203
Choose N4212 ....................................................... 171
Check Compute ............................................. 7, 19, 67
Choose PEEK .......................................................... 99
Check Plot on Section Only ............................. 45, 126
Choose PM1 .......................................................... 149
Check Run ....................................... 87, 108, 243, 267
Choose TMM............................................................ 51
Check Same.. 173, 206, 241, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264,
265
Choose Vector Plot Options ................... 225, 247, 302

Chyuan ............................................................... 60, 63
Check Section 2 ....................................................... 45

Circuit Parameters ................................................. 253
315
EMS_Tutorials
Computing .......................................................... 253

Click Apply19, 50, 67, 80, 98, 117, 133, 147, 169, 203,
218, 235, 256, 280
Click Apply Control ............................................. 15, 27
EMS Main toolbar ........................................... 15, 27
Click Create New Motion Study...................... 163, 196
Click EMS Coil ....... 138, 173, 241, 284, 287, 290, 294
Click New Study ..................................................... 133

EMS toolbar ........................................................ 133
Click OK .. 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26,
27, 28, 31, 36, 38, 39, 40, 45, 48, 52, 56, 57, 58, 64,
69, 71, 72, 73, 75, 80, 81, 85, 86, 87, 90, 94, 98, 99,
101, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 113, 117, 118, 119,
120, 121, 122, 126, 130, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138,
139, 144, 147, 148, 149, 151, 153, 169, 171, 173,
175, 176, 187, 203, 205, 206, 209, 216, 218, 219,
220, 221, 222, 230, 239, 241, 243, 251, 256, 257,
260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 277, 280,
281, 298, 299, 301, 304, 308
Click EMS Mesh ............. 148, 176, 219, 243, 299, 301
Click Open ..................................................... 135, 137
EMS toolbar ................................ 219, 243, 299, 301
Click Plot ................................................................ 228
Click EMS Report ........................................... 230, 308
Click Results Table ............................................ 18, 30
toolbar ........................................................ 230, 308
toolbar ............................................................ 18, 30
Click File . 31, 48, 64, 75, 94, 113, 130, 144, 153, 187,
216, 230, 251, 277, 308
Click Run ................................................ 176, 209, 301
Click Fixed Voltage ............................................ 11, 23
EMS toolbar ........................................ 176, 209, 301
EMS Loads toolbar ............................................... 23
Click Run Study.......................................... 16, 28, 140
EMS toolbar .......................................................... 11
EMS toolbar .................................................... 16, 28
Click Floating Conductor ........................ 12, 13, 24, 25
toolbar ................................................................ 140
EMS Loads toolbar ............................................... 13
Click Save .............................................................. 135
EMS toolbar .............................................. 12, 24, 25
Click Show ................................................... 17, 29, 59
Click Force ............................................................. 198
Click Wound Coil ............ 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265
Click Function Curves ............................................ 135
EMS toolbar ................ 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265
EMS toolbar ........................................................ 135
Clicking ...................................... 51, 99, 163, 184, 196
Click Mesh ................................. 16, 28, 176, 209, 267
Motion Study............................................... 163, 196
EMS Main toolbar ............................................... 267
Motion Study 1.................................................... 184
EMS toolbar .................................... 16, 28, 176, 209
Close ...................................................... 17, 29, 41, 59
Click Motion Study Properties ........................ 165, 198
Mesh Details ....................................... 17, 29, 41, 59
Click Motor ............................................................. 165
Codncutor ................................................................ 20
Click New Motion Study ................................. 163, 196
Coefficient Convection ........................................... 266
316
Index
Coercivity ....................................................... 149, 171
Check ......................................... 117, 169, 203, 256
Coercivity Direction ........................................ 149, 171
Circuit Parameters .............................................. 253
Coil 120, 126, 137, 138, 173, 205, 206, 241, 259, 281,
283, 284, 287, 290, 294, 299
Keep ....................................................... 80, 98, 133

the force ............................................................. 139
Adding ........................................ 173, 206, 259, 283

the torque of the upper magnet .......................... 151
Bodies ................................ 120, 138, 173, 206, 241
Computing in Science ........................................ 60, 63
like .............................................. 284, 287, 290, 294
Cond1 .......................................................... 68, 69, 72
Coil Orientation .............................. 284, 287, 290, 294
selecting ............................................................... 68
Coil Select Wound Coil .......................................... 206
Cond6 ................................................................ 68, 72
EMS toolbar ........................................................ 206
Coil Type ................................................................ 120
Conductor 20, 24, 25, 68, 81, 119, 137, 171, 205, 221,
239, 281
Coil_T..................................................... 119, 134, 138
Select ................................................................... 81
Coil1 ............................................................... 171, 173
Conductor 1 ................................................... 7, 19, 27
1 171
Conductor 2 ................................................... 7, 19, 27
Coil2 ....................................................................... 241
Conductor has .......................................................... 95
Coils icon ............................................................... 120
Conductor Material ................................................... 81
Coils Voltage Results ............................................. 275
Conductor1 .............................................................. 20
CombinedAssembly ........................................... 35, 39
Conductor-1 icon ...................................................... 87
Compared ...................................................... 128, 143
Conductor2 .............................................................. 20
Fx ....................................................................... 128
ConfigurationManager.......................................... 7, 19
Fz ....................................................................... 143
Constant ................................................................. 198
Compel ................................................................... 249
Constant Speed ..................................................... 165
Components ...... 15, 24, 25, 27, 57, 69, 72, 85, 86, 87,
105, 106, 107, 108, 120, 121, 122, 134, 138, 139,
148, 151, 173, 175, 176, 206, 208, 241, 243, 298,
299
Contact ..................................................................... 81
Computation ........................................................... 143

Applied Electromagnetics ................................... 143
Compute 18, 30, 80, 98, 117, 133, 139, 151, 169, 203,
253, 256
Select ................................................................... 81
Contact_2 ................................................................. 81
Contact_2-1 ............................................................. 86
Contact_2-1 icon ...................................................... 87
317
EMS_Tutorials
Contact-1 icon .......................................................... 87
an Electric Conduction study .............................. 218
Control Key ...................................... 20, 119, 171, 205
an Electrostatic Study ............... 7, 34, 50, 67, 80, 98
holding .................................................................. 20
Electric Conduction..................................... 217, 218
Convection ............................................................. 266
Electrostatic .. 5, 7, 19, 33, 34, 49, 50, 65, 67, 80, 98
Convection as a Thermal restraint ......................... 266
EMS ............................................................ 158, 192
Applying .............................................................. 266
Force .................................................................. 198
Coordinate System......................................... 149, 171
Magnetostatic ............................. 115, 117, 133, 147
Copper ..................................................................... 20
Motor .......................................................... 165, 198
Copy................................................... 45, 63, 141, 227
New Motion Study ...................................... 163, 196
Core ....................................................................... 257
the Electrostatic study .......................................... 19
Core Loss ............................................................... 273
Transient Magnetic ............................................. 280
Coupling ......................................................... 158, 192
Crossover ................................................................. 67
EMS ............................................................ 158, 192
Crossover icon ......................................................... 71
Create Curve .......................................................... 135
Ctrl key ................................. 51, 81, 99, 239, 257, 281
Create Mesh......................... 58, 73, 87, 108, 122, 134
hold....................................................... 99, 239, 257
EMS toolbar .......................................................... 58
holding .......................................................... 51, 281
Creating .. 5, 7, 19, 33, 34, 49, 50, 65, 67, 80, 98, 115,
117, 118, 133, 137, 147, 149, 158, 163, 165, 169,
192, 196, 198, 203, 217, 218, 231, 233, 235, 253,
256, 280
Using .................................................................... 81
Current .. 120, 123, 138, 140, 173, 206, 224, 260, 261,
262, 263, 264, 265
a Magnetostatic study................................. 117, 133
Current Density ...................................... 225, 227, 247
a Motion Study............................................ 163, 196
Current Driven Coil 173, 206, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264,
265
a Motion Study in the EMS Manager .......... 169, 203

Current per Turn..................................................... 241
a new study ........................................................ 147
a Permanent Magnet .......................................... 149
Current User.... 5, 7, 19, 33, 34, 49, 50, 65, 67, 77, 80,
95, 98, 115, 117, 131, 133, 145, 147, 157, 191, 217,
218, 231, 233, 253, 256, 279, 280
a transient study ................................................. 280

Curve ................................................. 12, 13, 135, 137
AC Magnetic ....................... 231, 233, 235, 253, 256
Curve Library.................................................. 135, 137
an AC Magnetic study ................................ 235, 256
Cvetkovic ........................................................... 42, 45
318
Index
Cylindrical .............................................................. 171

D
Displacement ......................................................... 184
Dat ......................................................................... 135
Displaying ... 17, 29, 41, 42, 59, 60, 90, 111, 124, 126,
179, 211, 225, 245, 247, 269, 271, 273, 274, 302,
304
DC .......................................... 131, 155, 157, 158, 192
Electric Field ................................................... 42, 90
Default 0 deg .......................................................... 241
Electric Potential ................................................... 60
keep.................................................................... 241
Mesh Information ............................................ 41, 59
Default Options ................................ 14, 26, 38, 56, 71
Potential ............................................................. 111
Define...... 31, 48, 64, 75, 94, 113, 121, 130, 144, 153,
165, 175, 187, 198, 208, 216, 222, 230, 251, 277
the Electric Field ................................................... 90

the Electrostatic Results ................................. 42, 60
a force ........................................................ 175, 208

the mesh information ...................................... 17, 29
a force set ........................................................... 121
the Potential........................................................ 111
a resistance set .................................................. 222
Dissipated Power ................................................... 229
EMS ............................................................ 165, 198
Distance ........................................................... 45, 126
Deg ................................ 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265
Divided ................................................................... 241
Delete.. 11, 23, 36, 52, 69, 85, 86, 101, 103, 105, 106,
107, 123, 140, 224
2 241
choosing ............................................. 123, 140, 224
Documents ............................................................. 235
Description of the model ........................................ 217
Domain-Decomposition Method ............................... 74
Description of the problem .. 5, 33, 49, 65, 77, 95, 115,

131, 145, 157, 191, 231, 233, 253, 279
Double-click Electric Field ........................................ 90

Double-click Potential............................................. 111
Details .................................................... 17, 29, 41, 59

Double-click Result Table on EMS ......................... 143
Dielectric1 .......................................................... 68, 72
Drag ............................................................... 165, 198
Dielectric7 ................................................................ 72
Key Properties ............................................ 165, 198
Direct.............................. 117, 133, 147, 169, 203, 218
E
Direction Type ................................................ 149, 171
E0................................................................. 33, 36, 45
Directions ....................... 149, 165, 171, 198, 225, 227
E3............................................................................. 68
exit .............................................................. 149, 171
E4............................................................................. 68
Discretized ....................................................... 93, 110
E5............................................................................. 68
319
EMS_Tutorials
EC1 ................................................................ 217, 218
Electric Field-1 ......................................................... 90
ED ..............................................................................5
Electric Potential ...................................................... 60
ED130 .................................................................. 8, 20
display .................................................................. 60
Eddy Loss .............................................................. 273
Electromagnetic ..................... 1, 3, 129, 158, 192, 253
Edit11, 15, 23, 27, 36, 45, 52, 63, 69, 85, 86, 101, 103,
120, 138, 141, 173, 206, 227, 241, 260, 261, 262,
263, 264, 265, 284, 287, 290, 294, 299
Electromagnetic Field Analysis .............................. 143
Edit Color ........................................................... 39, 72
Electrostatic . 1, 5, 7, 19, 33, 34, 49, 50, 65, 67, 80, 98
Edit Definition11, 23, 36, 52, 69, 85, 86, 101, 103, 105,
106, 107, 120, 138, 173, 206, 241, 260, 261, 262,
263, 264, 265, 284, 287, 290, 294
Edit Material ........................................... 118, 137, 149
EL 6.......................................................................... 98
EL1................................................................... 5, 7, 19
EL2..................................................................... 33, 34
EL3..................................................................... 49, 50
EL4..................................................................... 65, 67
EL5..................................................................... 77, 80
Electromechanical ...................................................... 1
create ........... 5, 7, 19, 33, 34, 49, 50, 65, 67, 80, 98
Element Growth Rate ....................... 14, 26, 38, 56, 71
Element Size ..... 15, 27, 39, 57, 72, 87, 108, 122, 134,
148, 176, 243, 299
EMF ....................................................................... 198
EMS1, 7, 11, 16, 17, 19, 23, 28, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 39,
40, 41, 42, 48, 49, 50, 52, 57, 58, 59, 60, 64, 65, 67,
69, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 80, 85, 86, 87, 90, 94, 95, 98,
101, 103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 111, 113, 117, 120,
121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 129, 130, 133, 134, 139,
140, 144, 147, 151, 152, 153, 158, 165, 169, 175,
176, 183, 187, 192, 198, 203, 206, 209, 215, 216,
218, 220, 222, 224, 225, 235, 243, 245, 247, 251,
253, 256, 267, 269, 271, 273, 274, 277, 279, 280,
298, 301, 302, 304
EL6........................................................................... 95
back ............................................................ 198, 206
Electric ............................................................. 93, 110
coupling ...................................................... 158, 192
Electric Conduction ........................ 1, 3, 217, 218, 224
creating ....................................................... 158, 192
case ........................................................................3
define .......................................................... 165, 198
create ................................................................. 218
Int ......................................................................... 58
Creating .............................................................. 217
moving ........................................................ 165, 198
expect .....................................................................3
Electric Field................................... 42, 45, 60, 90, 111
display ............................................................ 42, 90
use... 42, 60, 90, 111, 124, 126, 225, 245, 247, 269,
271, 273, 274, 302, 304
Electric Field folder............................... 45, 63, 93, 110
using ......................................................... 33, 49, 65
Right-clicking ................................................ 93, 110
EMS 2012 ..................................................................1
320
Index
EMS Documents ... 5, 7, 19, 33, 34, 49, 50, 65, 67, 77,
80, 95, 98, 115, 117, 131, 133, 145, 147, 157, 191,
217, 218, 231, 233, 235, 253, 256, 279, 280
EMS Examples 5, 7, 19, 33, 34, 49, 50, 65, 67, 77, 80,
95, 98, 115, 117, 131, 133, 145, 147, 157, 191, 217,
218, 231, 233, 235, 253, 256, 279, 280
EMS toolbar 11, 12, 16, 17, 24, 25, 28, 29, 40, 41, 58,
59, 133, 135, 138, 148, 173, 176, 206, 209, 219,
241, 243, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 280, 284,
287, 290, 294, 299, 301
Apply Control .............................................. 148, 176
Click EMS Mesh ......................... 219, 243, 299, 301
EMS FeatureManager .................................... 158, 192

Click Fixed Voltage ............................................... 11
EMS Loads toolbar............................................. 13, 23
Click Floating Conductor .......................... 12, 24, 25
Click Fixed Voltage ............................................... 23
Click Function Curves ......................................... 135
Click Floating Conductor ...................................... 13
Click Mesh ...................................... 16, 28, 176, 209
EMS Main toolbar................................. 15, 27, 57, 267
Click New Study ................................................. 133
Apply Control ........................................................ 57
Click Run ............................................ 176, 209, 301
Click Apply Control ......................................... 15, 27
Click Run Study .............................................. 16, 28
Click Mesh .......................................................... 267
Click Wound Coil ........ 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265
EMS Manager . 7, 8, 11, 14, 17, 19, 20, 23, 26, 29, 34,
35, 36, 38, 41, 42, 45, 50, 51, 52, 56, 59, 60, 63, 67,
68, 69, 71, 80, 81, 85, 86, 90, 93, 98, 99, 101, 103,
105, 106, 107, 110, 111, 117, 118, 119, 123, 124,
126, 128, 133, 137, 141, 147, 149, 165, 169, 171,
176, 179, 181, 183, 184, 198, 203, 205, 209, 211,
213, 215, 218, 221, 224, 225, 227, 228, 229, 235,
239, 245, 247, 249, 256, 257, 269, 271, 273, 274,
275, 280, 281, 301, 302, 304, 307
Coil Select Wound Coil ....................................... 206

Create Mesh ......................................................... 58
Hide Mesh .......................................... 17, 29, 41, 59
Mesh ................................................................... 148
In 184
Select Run Study .................................................. 40
MotionManager........................................... 169, 203
Wound Coil ......... 138, 173, 241, 284, 287, 290, 294
move ........................................................... 165, 198
EMS Transient ....................................................... 279
EMS Manager Tree .......................... 16, 28, 40, 58, 73
Emscur ........................................................... 135, 137
EMS Material Editor ................................... 5, 115, 217
EMSManager ................................................. 165, 198
EMS Materials8, 20, 35, 51, 68, 81, 99, 119, 137, 171,
205, 221, 239, 257, 281
EMS Motion ................................... 163, 165, 196, 198
study ........................................................... 163, 196
EMS tool bar .......................................................... 256
Study icon ........................................................... 256
move ................................................................... 165

root ............................................................. 165, 198
Emsmtr ........................................................... 118, 119
Enable .............................................. 14, 26, 38, 56, 71
End Time ................................................................ 280
321
EMS_Tutorials
Engineering, Vol ................................................. 60, 63
Expand Symbol Setting .......................................... 206
Enter 60 Hz ............................................................ 256
Expect ........................................................................3
Frequency........................................................... 256
Electric Conduction.................................................3
Entry...... 120, 138, 173, 206, 222, 241, 260, 261, 262,
263, 264, 265, 284, 287, 290, 294
Export ........... 18, 30, 74, 128, 143, 152, 229, 275, 307
Ey ........................................................... 42, 45, 60, 90
Entry Port120, 138, 173, 206, 222, 241, 260, 261, 262,
263, 264, 265
Faces . 120, 138, 173, 206, 222, 241, 260, 261, 262,
263, 264, 265
select .......................................... 138, 173, 206, 241
Er ........................................................... 42, 45, 60, 90
ESA SP .............................................................. 42, 45
Ez ........................................................... 42, 45, 60, 90

F
Fabricated .............................................. 105, 106, 107
Fabricated Parts ..................................................... 111
Face Selection ............................................. 36, 52, 69
EuCAP ............................................................... 42, 45
Faces 11, 12, 13, 15, 23, 39, 101, 103, 120, 138, 173,
206, 220, 222, 241, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265
European Conference ........................................ 42, 45
09178301_072909.............................................. 103
Proceedings.................................................... 42, 45
09178307_072909.............................................. 101
Excel .................................................. 45, 63, 141, 227
Entry Port... 120, 138, 173, 206, 222, 241, 260, 261,
262, 263, 264, 265
Excel file ................................................................. 141

Exit Port ...................... 120, 138, 173, 206, 222, 241
Excess Loss ........................................................... 273
Floating Conductor ......................................... 12, 13
Exit 7, 19, 34, 50, 67, 80, 98, 117, 120, 133, 138, 147,
149, 169, 171, 173, 203, 206, 218, 222, 241, 256,
260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 280, 284, 287, 290,
294
Direction ..................................................... 149, 171
Property Manager .... 7, 19, 34, 50, 67, 98, 147, 218,
256, 280
Vacuum_072909 ........................................ 101, 103

Voltage ................................... 11, 23, 101, 103, 220
Factor ............................................................. 128, 143
2 128, 143
PropertyManager .................. 80, 117, 133, 169, 203
Feature Manager...................................................... 52
Exit Isolate ..................................... 206, 260, 261, 262
FeatureManager............................. 158, 163, 192, 196
Exit Port 120, 138, 173, 206, 222, 241, 260, 261, 262,
263, 264, 265
Fiber ......................................................................... 90
Fibre ......................................................................... 81
Faces .......................... 120, 138, 173, 206, 222, 241

Fibre-1 icon .............................................................. 87
select .................................................................. 138
Fibregalss ................................................................ 77
322
Index
Figure 1, Figure 2 ................................................... 253
Formulas ................................................................ 152
Figure2 ..................................................................... 95
Fr 5
Figure3 ..................................................................... 95
Frames ........................................................... 165, 198
File ............................................................. 45, 63, 227
France ................................................................ 42, 45
Fillet1 ..................................................................... 281
Frequency ...................................................... 235, 256
Fillet2 ..................................................................... 281
Enter 60 Hz......................................................... 256
First, Hide ......................................................... 90, 111
Fringe Options........ 124, 126, 245, 269, 273, 274, 304
Fixed Voltage11, 23, 36, 52, 69, 85, 86, 101, 103, 220
Fringe Type .......................................... 42, 60, 90, 111
Fixed voltage restraints .......................................... 220
From Coil Type...... 173, 206, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264,
265
Applying .............................................................. 220

Floating Conductor .... 12, 13, 24, 25, 69, 95, 105, 106,
107
From General Properties173, 206, 260, 261, 262, 263,

264, 265
Front Plane Section Clipping .................................... 45
Bodies ...................................................... 24, 25, 69

Select ................................................................... 45
Faces .............................................................. 12, 13
Front View .............................................................. 124
Force ..... 115, 117, 121, 139, 143, 151, 158, 165, 175,
192, 198, 208, 213, 298
Fujiware ................................................................. 249
52.36 .................................................................. 143
Function Curves ..................................................... 131
54.3 .................................................................... 143
using ................................................................... 131
applied ................................................................ 208
Furlani .................................................................... 152
Bodies ................................ 121, 139, 151, 175, 298
Fx ................................................................... 128, 143
create ................................................................. 198
compared ........................................................... 128
is 198
Fy ................................................................... 128, 213
Magnetic Circuit .......................................... 115, 117
Highlight ............................................................. 213
Magnetic Circuit icon .......................................... 117
Fz ................................................................... 128, 143
Type 0N .............................................................. 198
compared ........................................................... 143
Force Distribution ........................................... 123, 140
Force Tab ............................................................... 213
Gauss..................................................................... 126
Force-based ................................................... 158, 192
Set Units ............................................................. 126

323
EMS_Tutorials
General .................................................................. 120
Hanger-1 icon........................................................... 87
General View.......................................................... 253
Hao Ji ....................................................................... 74
3 253
Has......................................................................... 145
Generally,a ............................................................... 95
North ................................................................... 145
Generating .... 31, 33, 48, 49, 64, 65, 75, 94, 113, 115,
130, 144, 153, 187, 216, 217, 230, 251, 277, 308
Hc........................................................................... 145
Hide.................. 52, 126, 269, 271, 273, 274, 302, 304
a Study Report..... 31, 48, 64, 75, 94, 113, 130, 144,
153, 187, 216, 230, 251, 277, 308
Air ................................................................. 52, 126
Html .......................................... 33, 49, 65, 115, 217
Inner Air ...................................................... 302, 304
Global Size ...... 16, 28, 40, 58, 73, 108, 122, 134, 148,
176, 209, 219, 243, 267, 301
Outer Air 1 .................................. 269, 271, 273, 274
suggesting ... 16, 28, 40, 58, 73, 108, 122, 134, 148,
176, 209, 219, 243, 267, 301
touch ................................................... 176, 209, 301
Type 0.72140357 inches in ................................ 108
Type 30.0mmin ................................................... 122
Type 50.0mmin ................................................... 148
Go .......................... 206, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265
SolidWorks ......................................................... 206
Hide Half Coil1 ....................................................... 241

Hide Mesh .............................................. 17, 29, 41, 59
EMS toolbar ........................................ 17, 29, 41, 59
Hide Solid Body........................................................ 39
Hide Split ........................................................ 173, 206
Highlight ......................................................... 181, 213
Fy ....................................................................... 213
Tz ....................................................................... 181
SolidWorks Feature Manager Design Tree Tab 260,

261, 262, 263, 264, 265
Hold...................................... 20, 51, 99, 239, 257, 281
Graphing .................................................. 93, 110, 227
Control Key ........................................................... 20
the current density .............................................. 227
Ctrl key ................................... 51, 99, 239, 257, 281
the Electric Field ........................................... 93, 110
Hole........................................................................ 243
Ground_Contact ........................................... 81, 86, 87
Hole1.............................................................. 239, 247
Homogeneous Field ........................................... 42, 45
H function curve ..................................................... 135
However, EMS ............................................... 175, 208
Half Coil1 ....................................... 239, 241, 243, 247
Html.............................................. 33, 49, 65, 115, 217
Half_TEAM20 ................................................. 131, 133
Generating ................................ 33, 49, 65, 115, 217
Hanger ..................................................................... 81
Hx........................................................................... 271
324
Index
Hysteresis Loss ...................................................... 273
Inner Air 1 ...................................................... 266, 273
Hz........................................................... 231, 233, 235
Inner_Air .......................................................... 81, 257
Inner_Coil1 ..................................................... 257, 260
Icon ........................................................ 206, 208, 235
Inner_Coil2 ..................................................... 257, 261
Right Click .......................................................... 235
Inner_Coil3 ..................................................... 257, 262
IEEE Transactions ................................................. 152
InnerCylinder ............................................................ 35
IEEE Transactions on Magnetics ........................... 249
Insert .......................................... 12, 13, 149, 171, 249
IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and

Techniques ........................................................... 74
Insert->Reference Geometry.................. 141, 227, 249

Insulator ................................................................... 81
Import button .......................................................... 135

Insulator_Assm ...................................... 80, 81, 86, 87
Importing ................................................................ 253
Insulator_Assm icon ................................................. 80
Steinmetz............................................................ 253
Insulator-1 ................................................................ 90
Improvement .......................................................... 143
Insulator-1 icon......................................................... 87
In 184
Int ............................................................................. 58
EMS Manager..................................................... 184
EMS ...................................................................... 58
In Electrostatic............................................................6
Interconnect Structures ............................................ 74
In EMS ................................................................... 253
Is 65, 158, 192, 198
In EMS Manager Tree ............................................ 124
3D ......................................................................... 65
In Method 1 ................................................................ 7
Band ........................................................... 158, 192
In Method 2 .............................................................. 19
Force .................................................................. 198
In Timeline Area ............................................. 165, 198
ISBN 0 .................................................................... 129
Including ......................................................... 179, 211
Iso .......................................................................... 304
Band ........................................................... 179, 211
Iso 1 ....................................................................... 304
Increments ............................. 117, 133, 147, 169, 203
Isolate .................... 206, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265
number ............................................................... 133
J
Inner Air ................................................. 281, 302, 304
Jer .......................................................................... 247
Hide ............................................................ 302, 304
Jex ......................................................................... 247
325
EMS_Tutorials
Jey ......................................................................... 247
Jez ......................................................................... 247
L1 ........................................................................... 115
Jiang ...................................................................... 143
L2 ........................................................................... 115
Joao ....................................................................... 129
Lacoste .............................................................. 42, 45
Jr 225, 227
Left ................................................................. 158, 192
June 2003 .......................................................... 60, 63
Jx ................................................................... 225, 227
LESSON ....................................................................1
Jy ................................................................... 225, 227
Liao .................................................................... 60, 63
Jz ................................................................... 225, 227
Like ................................................ 284, 287, 290, 294
Coil ............................................. 284, 287, 290, 294
Keep........................................... 80, 98, 133, 137, 241
Linear ............................................................. 213, 215
Compute ................................................. 80, 98, 133
Lines ...................................................................... 126
default 0 deg ....................................................... 241
Lines Density.......................................................... 126
MKS .................................................................... 137
Move ................................................................... 126
Keep Accurate Curvature Representation ... 14, 26, 38,

56, 71
Listing.. 31, 45, 48, 63, 64, 75, 94, 113, 130, 141, 144,
153, 187, 216, 227, 230, 251, 277, 308
Keep Compute ....................................................... 147
activate ................................................... 45, 63, 227
Keep Split Core Loss ............................................. 256
Settings 31, 48, 64, 75, 94, 113, 130, 144, 153, 187,
216, 230, 251, 277, 308
Kelvin ..................................................................... 274

Set Units ............................................................. 274
Load .... 11, 23, 36, 52, 69, 85, 86, 101, 103, 105, 106,
107, 217, 220, 266
Key Properties................................................ 165, 198
10 ....................................................................... 217
drag ............................................................ 165, 198
Local Coordinate System ............................... 149, 171
Kinematic Results in the EMS Manager ......... 183, 215
Lorentz ................................................... 231, 233, 253
Plotting ....................................................... 183, 215
Calculating .......................................... 231, 233, 253
Kinematic Results in the MotionManager ............... 184
Losses Density ....................................................... 273
Plotting ............................................................... 184

Kurt Preis ............................................................... 249
326
M
[email protected] ............................................................. 257
Index
MA1 ................................................................ 115, 117
Material name ........................................................ 137
MA2 ........................................................ 131, 133, 135
Steel ................................................................... 137
MA3 ................................................................ 145, 147
Materials . 20, 118, 119, 137, 143, 171, 205, 221, 239,
257, 281
Magnetic Circuit ............................................. 115, 117

added ................................................................. 118
Force .......................................................... 115, 117
Magnetic Circuit icon .............................................. 117
Force .................................................................. 117
Magnetic Field ................................................ 123, 140
Magnetic Flux ......................................................... 126
Assigning ..... 20, 119, 137, 171, 205, 221, 239, 257,
281
Materials from the EMS Material Library . 8, 35, 51, 68,
81, 99
Assigning .................................. 8, 35, 51, 68, 81, 99
Max ........................................................................ 124
Magnetic Flux Density ... 124, 126, 141, 179, 211, 245,
249, 269, 271, 302, 304
Max Bisection ......................................................... 280
Right-clicking .............................................. 141, 249
May .................................................................... 60, 63
Magnetization ......................................................... 149
Mesh control............................. 15, 27, 39, 57, 72, 299
Magnetostatic .... 1, 115, 117, 120, 131, 133, 147, 169,

203
Applying ................................ 15, 27, 39, 57, 72, 299

Mesh control and.................................................... 148
create ......................................... 115, 117, 133, 147

Mesh Details .......................................... 17, 29, 41, 59
Magnitude ...................................................... 184, 245
Close .................................................. 17, 29, 41, 59
Main ....................................................................... 137
Main Folder ............................ 35, 68, 81, 99, 149, 239
Mesh icon ...... 39, 40, 41, 57, 58, 72, 73, 87, 108, 122,
134
Manager window .................................................... 235
Mesh Information ............................................... 41, 59
Solid Works ........................................................ 235
Displaying ....................................................... 41, 59
Manipulating ....................................................... 45, 63
Mesh Progress ... 16, 28, 40, 58, 73, 87, 108, 243, 267
Results ........................................................... 45, 63
Mesh Progress window .......................... 176, 209, 301
Mass .............................................................. 213, 215
Meshing 14, 16, 17, 26, 28, 29, 38, 40, 41, 56, 58, 59,
71, 73, 87, 108, 122, 134, 148, 176, 209, 219, 243,
267, 301
Center......................................................... 213, 215

Masubara ............................................................... 143
Material Database . 8, 20, 35, 51, 68, 81, 99, 118, 119,
137, 149, 171, 205, 221, 239, 257, 281
EMS toolbar ........................................................ 148

the assembly .............................................. 122, 134
the Assembly and ....................................... 176, 209
327
EMS_Tutorials
the model ...................................................... 28, 219
Motion Study 1 ....................................... 169, 184, 203
the model and ....................... 87, 108, 243, 267, 301
clicking ................................................................ 184
the Model and Running the Analysis .................... 16
Motion Study Properties ................................. 165, 198
the Model and Running the Study ............ 40, 58, 73
Motion Study tab ............................................ 163, 196
Tolerance16, 28, 40, 58, 73, 87, 108, 122, 134, 148,
219, 243, 267, 301
Motion Type ................................................... 163, 196

Selecting ..................................................... 163, 196
Meshing Options .......................................... 38, 56, 71

Setting ...................................................... 38, 56, 71
MotionManager ..... 158, 163, 169, 175, 183, 184, 192,

196, 203, 208, 215
Method 1 ....................................................................7
Activate ............................................................... 184
Method 2 .................................................................. 19
EMS Manager............................................. 169, 203
Miami ..................................................................... 143
use...................................................................... 184
MirrorComponent1 ......................................... 175, 176
MotionManager tool bar ......................................... 184
MKS ....................................................... 118, 137, 149
MotionManager toolbar .................................. 165, 198
Choose ............................................................... 149
Motor .............................. 158, 165, 175, 192, 198, 208
keep.................................................................... 137
applied ................................................................ 175
Model .. 42, 60, 90, 111, 124, 126, 163, 196, 225, 245,
247, 269, 271, 273, 274, 302, 304
Create ......................................................... 165, 198

Motor Direction ....................................................... 165
Morishige ............................................................... 143

Motor Location ............................................... 165, 198
Motion ............................................ 158, 165, 192, 198
Movable ................................................................. 119
validate ....................................................... 165, 198
Move .............................................. 126, 165, 198, 304
Motion Analysis ...... 163, 165, 169, 196, 198, 203, 235
EMS ............................................................ 165, 198
Check ......................................................... 169, 203
EMS Manager............................................. 165, 198
Motion Parameter........................... 181, 183, 213, 215
EMSManager...................................................... 165
Motion Related Issues.................................... 158, 192
Lines Density ...................................................... 126
Motion Results Manager ........................................ 184
Slider bar ............................................................ 304
Motion Results Table ..................... 181, 183, 213, 215
Moveable ............................................................... 121
Motion Study .................................................. 163, 196
MS.......................................................................... 301
clicking ........................................................ 163, 196
328
Index
MT1 ........................................................................ 157
November 2006.................................................. 42, 45
MT2 ........................................................................ 191
Number .................................................................. 133
Multiply-connected ................................................. 241
Increments .......................................................... 133
Mur1400 ................................................................. 118
Body ................................................................... 118
Of magnetic flux density ......................................... 304
My Documents 5, 7, 19, 33, 34, 49, 50, 65, 67, 77, 80,
95, 98, 115, 117, 131, 133, 145, 147, 157, 191, 217,
218, 231, 233, 253, 256, 279, 280
Of the ....................................................................... 49
MyFunctionCurves.emscur .................................... 135
Ohmic Loss ............................................................ 273
MyLib ............................................................. 118, 119
Nakano................................................................... 143
OK7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 34, 35, 36, 39, 42, 50, 51, 52,
60, 67, 68, 69, 72, 80, 85, 86, 98, 101, 103, 105,
106, 107, 117, 120, 133, 137, 138, 147, 169, 173,
203, 206, 208, 218, 235, 241, 256, 260, 261, 262,
263, 264, 265, 280, 284, 287, 290, 294, 299
Nakata.................................................... 131, 143, 249
Options ..................................... 14, 26, 38, 56, 71, 126
Name .. 67, 80, 98, 117, 133, 135, 147, 169, 203, 218,
256, 280
Orientation ............................................................. 126
Of the magnetic field .............................................. 126
Oszkar Biro ............................................................ 249

Nathan Ida ............................................................. 129
Outer ...................................................................... 171
New Material Library .............................................. 118
Outer Air ................... 81, 205, 239, 266, 281, 302, 304
New Motion Study .......................................... 163, 196
select .................................................................. 266
Creating ...................................................... 163, 196
Outer Air 1 ...................................... 269, 271, 273, 274
Nice .................................................................... 42, 45
Hide ............................................ 269, 271, 273, 274
No .............................................................. 60, 63, 152
Outer_Air ................................................................ 257
Non Linear Isotropic ............................................... 137
Outer_Coil1 .................................................... 257, 263
Normal ................................................................... 218
Outer_Coil2 ............................................ 257, 263, 264
Select ................................................................. 218
Outer_Coil3 .................................................... 257, 265
Norplex................................................................. 8, 20
OuterCylinder ........................................................... 35
North ...................................................................... 145
Ouwehand .......................................................... 42, 45
has...................................................................... 145
P
November 1993...................................................... 143
Parameter Exctraction.............................................. 74
329
EMS_Tutorials
An Efficient Algorithm ........................................... 74
the force and Back EMF ..................................... 213
Parameters .................................................... 181, 213
the torque and Back Emf versus angle ............... 181
Part ........................................ 245, 247, 249, 269, 271
Plunger........................................................... 205, 208
Part2 ...................................................................... 221
PM............................................................ 99, 239, 257
Parts Losses Results ............................................. 275
Poin1 ........................................................................ 93
Pause ............................................................. 179, 211
Point ................................................. 77, 141, 227, 249
P-B ......................................................................... 253
AC ........................................................................ 77
PEEK ....................................................................... 99
Point 1 ................................................................ 45, 63
Peric ................................................................... 42, 45
Point 2 ...................................................................... 45
Permanent Magnet1............................... 171, 175, 176
Point 3 ...................................................................... 63
Permanent Magnet2............................... 171, 175, 176
Point1 ......................................................... 45, 63, 227
Permanent Magnetization ...................................... 149
Point11 ................................................................... 110
Permanent Magnets ............................................... 171
Point12 ................................................................... 110
Permittivities ............................................................. 65
Point2 ................................................... 45, 63, 93, 227
Phase ..................................... 245, 247, 249, 269, 271
Point3 ....................................................................... 63
Phase insulator ........................................................ 77
Potential ........................................... 60, 111, 224, 228
Plane of .................................................................... 36
display ................................................................ 111
Plate ............................................... 239, 243, 245, 247
Potential is ............................................................... 95
Play ................................................................ 179, 211
Pp......................................... 60, 63, 74, 143, 152, 249
Plot on iso .............................................................. 304
Premittivity r2 .......................................................... 49
Plot Results . 42, 60, 90, 111, 124, 126, 225, 245, 247,
269, 271, 273, 274, 302, 304
Preparing ....................................................... 165, 198

the Motion study in the MotionManager ...... 165, 198
Plot Results window ................................................. 60

Pre-select the force ........................................ 158, 192
Plot Type ..... 42, 60, 90, 111, 124, 126, 179, 211, 225,
245, 247, 269, 271, 302, 304
Preview ... 31, 48, 64, 75, 94, 113, 130, 144, 153, 187,
216, 230, 251, 277, 308
Plotting ................................... 181, 183, 184, 213, 215

Print...... 18, 30, 74, 128, 143, 152, 229, 230, 275, 307
Kinematic Results in the EMS Manager ..... 183, 215
Probing................................................................... 228
Kinematic Results in the MotionManager ........... 184
330
Index
the potential ........................................................ 228
Report, Magnetic Flux .................................... 123, 140
Proceedings ............................................... 42, 45, 143
Requires ......................................................... 231, 233
European Conference .................................... 42, 45
AC Magnetic ............................................... 231, 233
TEAM Workshop ................................................ 143
Resistance Sets ..................................................... 222
Properties ............................................... 123, 140, 224
Resistors ................................................................ 229
Property Manager 7, 13, 19, 34, 36, 39, 42, 50, 52, 60,
67, 69, 72, 80, 90, 98, 111, 117, 118, 119, 121, 124,
126, 133, 137, 147, 151, 169, 171, 179, 203, 205,
211, 218, 235, 256, 260, 262, 263, 264, 265, 269,
271, 273, 274, 280, 284, 287, 290, 294, 298, 302,
304
Responsibility to ............................................. 158, 192
exit ............ 7, 19, 34, 50, 67, 98, 147, 218, 256, 280
PropertyManager80, 98, 117, 133, 137, 169, 203, 245,
247, 261
exit ........................................ 80, 117, 133, 169, 203
ProperyManager ...................................................... 67
Proposal ................................................................. 143
R
R1 ..............................................................................5
Real................................................ 247, 249, 269, 271
Redundancies ................................ 163, 165, 196, 198
Refer ...................................................................... 184
SolidWorks Motion Help ..................................... 184
Reference Geometry ...................................... 149, 171
Relative Permeability ..................................... 118, 137
Remanence .................................................... 145, 149
Repeat steps1 ........................................................ 173
Restraint .. 10, 11, 23, 36, 52, 69, 84, 85, 86, 101, 103,
220, 266
Applying .......................................................... 10, 84
Assigning ........................................................ 52, 69
Restraint Icon .. 36, 52, 69, 85, 86, 101, 103, 105, 106,
107
Resultant Current Density ...................... 225, 227, 247
Resultant Electric Field .......................... 42, 45, 60, 90
Results ............................................... 45, 63, 184, 249
benchmark Problem 7 ........................................ 249
Manipulating ................................................... 45, 63
Results table .................................... 74, 229, 275, 307
Viewing ............................................................... 275
Results Table on toolbar ........................................ 152
Reverse Direction................................... 149, 165, 198
toggling ....................................................... 165, 198
Right Click .................................................. 35, 68, 235
Icon..................................................................... 235
Right Plane Section Clipping .............................. 45, 90
Report ..... 31, 48, 64, 75, 94, 113, 128, 130, 144, 153,
187, 216, 251, 277
Select ............................................................. 45, 90
Report file ............................................................... 308
Right-click Fiber-1 icon............................................. 81
Report, Electric Field .............................................. 224
Right-click Insulator .................................................. 81
331
EMS_Tutorials
Right-clicking .................................... 93, 110, 141, 249

Electric Field Folder ...................................... 93, 110
Magnetic Flux Density ................................ 141, 249
RMS ............................... 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265
Rogers Corp ............................................................. 51
Root ............................................................... 165, 198
EMSManager.............................................. 165, 198
Rotary Motor .......................................................... 165
Rotor ...................................................................... 299
Rotor1 .................................................... 171, 175, 176
Rotor1-2 ......................................................... 175, 176
Rotot .............................................................. 281, 298
Run Study .......................................................... 58, 73
Running .................................. 123, 140, 176, 209, 224
the study ............................................. 123, 140, 224
S
S/m................................................................. 231, 233
S1............................................................................. 65
S2............................................................................. 65
Sabonnadiere ......................................................... 143
Save 31, 48, 64, 75, 94, 113, 130, 144, 153, 187, 216,
230, 251, 277, 308
Sector..................................................................... 151
1 151
Select 31, 45, 48, 51, 64, 68, 75, 81, 90, 94, 113, 119,
130, 137, 138, 144, 153, 158, 163, 171, 173, 187,
192, 196, 205, 206, 216, 218, 230, 241, 251, 266,
277
Air ....................................................................... 119
air1 ............................................................. 171, 205
checkbox .................................................... 158, 192
Cond1 ................................................................... 68
Conductor ............................................................. 81
Contact ................................................................. 81
Entry Port.................................... 138, 173, 206, 241
Exit Port .............................................................. 138
Front Plane Section Clipping ................................ 45
Motion Type ................................................ 163, 196
Normal ................................................................ 218
Outer Air ............................................................. 266
Right Plane Section Clipping .......................... 45, 90
Show ... 31, 48, 64, 75, 94, 113, 130, 144, 153, 187,
216, 230, 251, 277
Substrate .............................................................. 51
Top Plane Section Clipping .................................. 45
Typical Steel ....................................................... 137
SolidWorks .. 31, 48, 64, 75, 94, 113, 130, 144, 153,
187, 216, 230, 251, 277, 308
Select ....................................................................... 39
Save As ...................................................... 45, 63, 227
Select Air ...................................................... 35, 51, 68
Sec ................................................................. 165, 198
Select Aluminium ..................................................... 81
Section 1 ................................................................ 126
Select Animate ....................................................... 179
Section Property Manager ..................................... 126
Select Apply Material ............. 8, 20, 35, 51, 68, 81, 99
332
Index
All Bodies ............................................. 8, 20, 81, 99
Select Outer_Coil2 ......................................... 263, 264
Select Br 124, 126, 179, 211, 245, 269, 271, 302, 304
Select Outer_Coil3 ................................................. 265
Select Bz ........................................................ 141, 249
Select OuterDielectric .............................................. 35
Select Coil .............................................................. 299
Select Results Table .............................................. 128
Select Conductor...................................................... 85
Select Run Study ..................................................... 40
Select Continuous ..... 42, 60, 124, 245, 269, 273, 274,
304
EMS toolbar .......................................................... 40

Select Section Clipping .............................. 45, 90, 126
Select Copper .......................................................... 81

Select Show ............................................................. 41
Select Creat Mesh.................................................... 40
Select Silicon Rubber ............................................... 81
Select e2 .................................................................. 68
Select Silver ............................................................. 68
Select Er ................................................ 42, 45, 60, 90
Select Tools ................................................... 158, 192
Select Fiberglass...................................................... 81
Select Vector .................................. 225, 247, 271, 302
Select Fixed Voltage ................................................ 36
Selected Entities list260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266
Select Fringe42, 60, 90, 111, 124, 126, 179, 211, 245,
269, 304
Select Inner_Coil1 .................................................. 260
September 2000..................................................... 249
Set Units ... 42, 45, 60, 63, 90, 93, 110, 111, 124, 126,
141, 179, 211, 225, 227, 245, 247, 249, 269, 271,
273, 274, 302, 304
Amp .................................................... 225, 227, 247
Select InnerDielectric ............................................... 35
Gauss ................................................................. 126
Select Iso Clipping ................................................. 304
Kelvin .................................................................. 274
Select Jar ....................................................... 225, 227
Tesla .. 124, 141, 179, 211, 245, 249, 269, 271, 302,
304
Select Jer ............................................................... 247

Setting .......................................................... 38, 56, 71
Select Line ............................................... 90, 111, 126
Meshing Options....................................... 38, 56, 71
Select Motion Analysis ................................... 158, 192
Select OK45, 63, 90, 93, 110, 111, 124, 126, 141, 179,
184, 211, 225, 227, 245, 247, 249, 269, 271, 273,
274, 302, 304
Settings ... 31, 48, 64, 75, 94, 113, 130, 144, 153, 187,
216, 230, 251, 277, 308
list 31, 48, 64, 75, 94, 113, 130, 144, 153, 187, 216,
230, 251, 277, 308
Select Other ................... 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265

Setup...................................................................... 203
Select Outer_Coil1 ................................................. 263
Shaft-1 ........................................................... 175, 176
333
EMS_Tutorials
Show31, 48, 64, 75, 94, 113, 130, 144, 153, 187, 216,
228, 230, 251, 277
Treating ..................................................................6
Solid Works ............................................................ 235
Select .. 31, 48, 64, 75, 94, 113, 130, 144, 153, 187,
216, 230, 251, 277
Show Component............................................. 52, 111
Manager window ................................................ 235

Solids .... 8, 20, 35, 51, 68, 81, 99, 118, 119, 137, 171,
205, 221, 239, 257, 281
Show Min ............................................................... 124

Show Preview ... 11, 15, 23, 27, 36, 39, 52, 69, 72, 85,
86, 101, 103
SI 266
Simulation_072909 .......................................... 99, 111
bolt................................................................ 99, 111
Since EMS ..................................................... 158, 192
Since Fy ......................................................... 128, 143
Sketching ........................................................... 12, 13
2 12, 13
Skin Depth Calculation ................................... 231, 233
SLDASM ... 7, 19, 34, 49, 50, 67, 80, 98, 99, 101, 103,
105, 106, 107, 111, 115, 117, 131, 133, 145, 157,
191, 217, 218, 231, 233, 235, 253, 256, 279, 280
Slider bar ................................................................ 304
Move ................................................................... 304
Software ................................................................. 143
Verification .......................................................... 143
Solenoi ................................................................... 205
Solenoid ......................................... 189, 191, 205, 208
Solenoid icon.......................................................... 203
Solid Bodies15, 27, 39, 57, 72, 87, 108, 120, 121, 122,
134, 138, 139, 148, 151, 173, 175, 176, 208, 241,
243, 298, 299
Solidworks ... 1, 5, 6, 12, 13, 31, 33, 42, 48, 49, 52, 60,
64, 65, 75, 77, 90, 94, 95, 111, 113, 115, 124, 126,
130, 131, 141, 144, 145, 153, 157, 158, 187, 191,
192, 206, 216, 217, 225, 227, 230, 231, 233, 245,
247, 249, 251, 253, 269, 271, 273, 274, 277, 279,
302, 304, 308
go ....................................................................... 206
save ..... 31, 48, 64, 75, 94, 113, 130, 144, 153, 187,
216, 230, 251, 277, 308
use.................................................................. 12, 13
using ................................................... 141, 227, 249
SolidWorks Feature Manager...... 45, 63, 93, 110, 141,
227, 249
SolidWorks Feature Manager Design Tree Tab ....260,
261, 262, 263, 264, 265
go ............................... 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265
SolidWorks FeatureManager ......................... 158, 192
SolidWorks Motion ......................... 158, 165, 192, 198
back ............................................................ 158, 192
EMS ............................................................ 158, 192
left............................................................... 158, 192
SolidWorks Motion Help ......................................... 184
refer .................................................................... 184
SolidWorks MotionManager ........... 165, 178, 198, 210
SolidWorks Premium...................................... 158, 192
Solid Bodies list ...................................................... 206
Solving Electrostatic Problems ........................... 60, 63
Solid Conductors in Electrostatic Analysis .................6
An Efficient Method ........................................ 60, 63
334
Index
South...................................................................... 145
Type ........................................................... 163, 196
Speed..................................................................... 165
Study1 icon .................................................... 123, 224
Type 25 RPM...................................................... 165
Substrate icon .......................................................... 15
Split Line ............................................................ 12, 13
Substrates .................................... 8, 20, 27, 51, 52, 57
Springer-Verlag ...................................................... 129
Select ................................................................... 51
Start Time .............................................................. 280
Suggesting16, 28, 40, 58, 73, 108, 122, 134, 148, 176,
209, 219, 243, 267, 301
Stator ............................................. 171, 205, 281, 299

Stator-1 .................................................................. 171
Global Size .. 16, 28, 40, 58, 73, 108, 122, 134, 148,
176, 209, 219, 243, 267, 301
Steady .................................................................... 256
SW Motion ..................................................... 192, 198
Steel ............................................................... 137, 281
Symbol .... 11, 15, 23, 27, 36, 52, 69, 85, 86, 101, 103,
120, 138, 173, 241, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265,
284, 287, 290, 294, 299
material name ..................................................... 137

Steinmetz ............................................................... 253
importing ............................................................. 253
Symbol Settings ................................................. 39, 72

Symbol Size 11, 15, 23, 27, 36, 39, 52, 69, 72, 85, 86,
101, 103, 120, 138, 173, 206, 241, 260, 261, 262,
263, 264, 265, 284, 287, 290, 294, 299
Stepper Motor ................ 280, 281, 298, 299, 302, 304

T
StepperMotor ................................................. 279, 280
Takahashi .............................................................. 143
Stop................................................................ 179, 211
Takahashi eds ........................................................ 143
Straightforward ............................................... 158, 192
TEAM ..................................................................... 131
Stripline ........................................................ 49, 50, 63
TEAM 20 ................................................................ 141
1V ......................................................................... 63
TEAM 7 .................................................................. 249
Stripline icon....................................................... 50, 56
Team Problem 7..................................... 231, 233, 235
Study ..... 7, 19, 34, 50, 67, 80, 98, 117, 147, 163, 169,
196, 203, 218
TEAM Workshop ............................ 131, 143, 231, 233
EMS Motion ................................................ 163, 196
Proceedings........................................................ 143
Study 1 ......................................................... 40, 58, 73
Temperature........................................................... 274
Study icon ...................................................... 256, 280
view .................................................................... 274
EMS tool bar ....................................................... 256
Tesla ..... 124, 135, 141, 179, 211, 245, 249, 269, 271,
302, 304
Study list ........................................................ 163, 196
335
EMS_Tutorials
Set Units .... 124, 141, 179, 211, 245, 249, 269, 271,
302, 304
The electromagnetic............................................... 279

The electrostatic results ....................... 42, 60, 89, 109
The ................................................... 65, 158, 287, 290

Displaying ....................................................... 42, 60
The ......................................................................... 235
Visualizing .................................................... 89, 109
The 2D ..................................................... 93, 110, 141
The Electrostatic study ............................................. 19
The 3D magnetic flux density ................................. 124
Creating ................................................................ 19
Viewing ............................................................... 124
The EMS ................................................................ 129
The 3D magnetic flux density in the model ............ 245
The EMS FeatureManager ............................. 158, 192
Viewing ............................................................... 245
The EMS Motion ............................................ 165, 198
The AC Magnetic Results ...................................... 268
The First Inner Coil................................................. 260
Visualizing .......................................................... 268
Adding ................................................................ 260
The analysis ..................... 87, 108, 176, 209, 243, 267
The First Outer Coil ................................................ 263
The assembly ................................................. 122, 134
Adding ................................................................ 263
Meshing ...................................................... 122, 134
The Fixed Voltage ........................................ 36, 52, 69
The Assembly and ......................................... 176, 209
Meshing ...................................................... 176, 209
The Fixed Voltage Property Manager ... 11, 23, 85, 86,
101, 103, 220
The Band ....................................................... 176, 209
The Floating Conductor............................................ 13
The capacitance matrix ...................................... 30, 74
The Floating Conductor Property Manager . 12, 24, 25,

105, 106, 107
Viewing ........................................................... 30, 74

The Floating Conductor PropertyManager ............... 69
The central pole ..................................................... 139
The flux density results .................................. 141, 249
The current density ........................................ 227, 247
Verifying ..................................................... 141, 249
Graphing ............................................................. 227
The force and Back EMF ....................................... 213
The Current Density Property Manager ................. 225
Plotting ............................................................... 213
The Electric Conduction ......................................... 222
The force results .................................... 128, 129, 143
The Electric Field ........................... 42, 60, 90, 93, 110
Verifying ..................................................... 129, 143
Displaying ............................................................. 90
Viewing ............................................................... 128
Graphing ....................................................... 93, 110
The Forces ..................... 121, 139, 151, 175, 208, 298
336
Index
Computing .......................................................... 139
Meshing .................................................... 40, 58, 73
The Function Curves Property Manager ................ 135
The Motion study in the MotionManager ........ 165, 198
The Global Size...................................... 176, 209, 301
Preparing .................................................... 165, 198
The ground plane ............................................... 11, 23
The Options ..................................... 14, 26, 38, 56, 71
The Iso PropertyManager ...................................... 304
The potential .................................................. 111, 228
The Losses Density................................................ 273
Displaying ........................................................... 111
The Magnetic Flux Density .... 124, 126, 179, 211, 245,
269, 271, 302, 304
Probing ............................................................... 228

The Probe .............................................................. 228
The Material .... 8, 20, 81, 99, 118, 119, 137, 149, 171,
205, 221, 239, 257, 281
The Material Browser ................................... 35, 51, 68
The Probe Result ................................................... 228

The Report31, 48, 64, 75, 94, 113, 130, 144, 153, 187,
216, 230, 251, 277, 308
The Material Property Manager.............................. 137

The Resistance Sets Property Manager ................ 222
The Mesh Control............................................... 39, 72
The results table....................................... 18, 229, 307
The Mesh Control Property Manager .. 15, 27, 87, 108,
148, 299
The Mesh Control PropertyManager57, 122, 134, 176,
243
The mesh information ........................................ 17, 29
Displaying ....................................................... 17, 29
The Mesh Property Manager .. 16, 28, 40, 58, 73, 122,
148, 219, 267
Viewing ................................................. 18, 229, 307

The Second Inner Coil ........................................... 261
Adding ................................................................ 261
The Second Outer Coil................................... 263, 264
Adding ........................................................ 263, 264
The stripline ............................................................. 52
The Mesh PropertyManager . 108, 134, 176, 209, 243,

301
The study ....................................... 123, 140, 224, 301
The model ........................................................ 28, 219
Running .............................................. 123, 140, 224
Meshing ........................................................ 28, 219
The Temperature ................................................... 274
The model and ......................... 87, 108, 243, 267, 301
The Third Inner Coil ............................................... 262
Meshing ................................ 87, 108, 243, 267, 301
Adding ................................................................ 262
The Model and Running the Analysis....................... 16
The Third Outer Coil............................................... 265
Meshing ................................................................ 16
Adding ................................................................ 265
The Model and Running the Study ............... 40, 58, 73
The torque and Back Emf versus angle ................. 181
337
EMS_Tutorials
Plotting ............................................................... 181
Click EMS Report ....................................... 230, 308
The torque of the upper magnet ............................. 151
Click Results Table ......................................... 18, 30
Computing .......................................................... 151
Click Run Study .................................................. 140
The torque results .................................................. 152
Top Plane Section Clipping ...................................... 45
Verifying ............................................................. 152
Select ................................................................... 45
The usual ....................................................... 158, 192
Torque .................... 121, 139, 151, 152, 175, 208, 298
The vector plot of the current density ............. 225, 247
Torque Center ................................................ 151, 298
Viewing ....................................................... 225, 247
Torque set ...................................................... 175, 208
The Yoke ................................................................ 135
Torque Tab ............................................................ 181
Thermal .................................................................. 266
Torques PropertyManager ..................................... 139
Thrid ......................................................................... 65
Touch ..................................................... 176, 209, 301
Thus, Fx ................................................................. 128
Global Size ......................................... 176, 209, 301
Thus, Fy ................................................................. 143
Transient Magnetic............................................. 1, 280
Time Duration......................................................... 280
create ................................................................. 280
Time Increment ...................................................... 280
Treating ......................................................................6
Time Step ....................................... 179, 211, 302, 304
Solid Conductors in Electrostatic Analysis ..............6
To Iso ..................................................................... 304
Trimmed ................................................................. 221
To Section .............................................................. 126
TrimmedResistor ............................................ 217, 218
Toggling ......................................................... 165, 198
TrimmedResistor icon ............................................ 218
Reverse Direction ....................................... 165, 198
Turns ..... 120, 138, 173, 206, 241, 260, 261, 262, 263,
264, 265
Tolerance .. 16, 28, 40, 58, 73, 87, 108, 122, 134, 148,
176, 209, 219, 243, 267, 301
Tutor1 ..................................................................... 308
0.15mm in ............................................................. 40
Tutorials ....................... 35, 68, 99, 137, 149, 184, 239
meshing . 16, 28, 40, 58, 73, 87, 108, 122, 134, 148,
219, 243, 267, 301
Two Layers Dielectric Cylinder ........................... 42, 45

TwoLayerCylinder .................................................... 34
Type 0.006mm in ................................................ 209

TwoLayerCylinder icon....................................... 34, 38
Toolbar .... 18, 30, 42, 60, 90, 111, 124, 126, 140, 222,
224, 225, 230, 245, 247, 269, 271, 273, 274, 302,
304, 308
338
Type ............................................................... 163, 196
Index
Study list ..................................................... 163, 196
browse ................................................................ 135
Type 0.006mm in ................................................... 209
Select ................................................................. 137
Tolerance ........................................................... 209
Tz ................................................................... 152, 181
Type 0.1mm ........................................................... 176
Highlight ............................................................. 181
Type 0.72140357 inches in .................................... 108
Global Size ......................................................... 108
Un . 11, 15, 19, 23, 27, 36, 39, 52, 69, 72, 85, 86, 101,
103
Type 0N ................................................................. 198

Force .................................................................. 198
Under Analysis Type ..... 7, 19, 34, 50, 67, 80, 98, 117,
133, 147, 169, 203, 218, 256, 280
Type 100.0mm ....................................................... 243
Under Automatic .............................. 14, 26, 38, 56, 71
Type 200.0mm ....................................................... 219
Under Component .......................................... 165, 198
Type 25 RPM ......................................................... 165
Under Control Parameters 15, 27, 39, 57, 72, 87, 108,
122, 134, 148, 176, 243, 299
Speed ................................................................. 165

Type 2mm ................................................................ 73
Type 3.0mm ............................................................. 40
Type 30.0mmin ...................................................... 122
Global Size ......................................................... 122
Type 3mm ................................................................ 58
Type 5.0mm ....................................................... 16, 28
Type 50.0mm ......................................................... 134
Type 50.0mmin ...................................................... 148
Global Size ......................................................... 148
Type MA1 ............................................................... 118
Type MA2 ............................................................... 137
Under Force Constant ............................................ 198

Under Motion.......................................................... 165
Under Motion Analysis ................................... 165, 198
Under Motor Type .................................................. 165
Under NdFeB ......................................................... 171
Under Thermal Analysis ......................................... 256
Under Type ............................................................ 198
Up .......................................................... 151, 179, 211
1 minute ...................................................... 179, 211
8 151
Use.. 12, 13, 42, 60, 90, 111, 124, 126, 184, 225, 245,
247, 269, 271, 273, 274, 302, 304
Type Mur1400 ........................................................ 118
EMS . 42, 60, 90, 111, 124, 126, 225, 245, 247, 269,
271, 273, 274, 302, 304
Type MyLib ............................................................ 118
MotionManager................................................... 184
Type PM1 ............................................................... 149
SolidWorks ..................................................... 12, 13
Typical Steel................................................... 135, 137
Using ...................... 33, 49, 65, 81, 131, 141, 227, 249
339
EMS_Tutorials
Ctrl key ................................................................. 81
View the field results on the mesh.................. 179, 211
EMS .......................................................... 33, 49, 65
View the magnetic flux density ............................... 302
Function Curves ................................................. 131
Viewing 18, 30, 74, 124, 126, 128, 225, 229, 245, 247,
253, 269, 271, 273, 274, 275, 304, 307
SolidWorks ......................................... 141, 227, 249

3 253
Using EMS ............................................................. 253
3D Loss Density results ...................................... 273
Using multple .............................................................5
3D Magnetic ....................................... 124, 126, 304
V
3D Magnetic flux results ..................................... 269
V0............................................................................. 63
3D Temperature results ...................................... 274
Vacuum_072909 ............................................ 101, 103
results table ........................................................ 275
face............................................................. 101, 103
Temperature ....................................................... 274
Validate .......................................................... 165, 198
the 3D magnetic flux density............................... 124
Motion ......................................................... 165, 198
the 3D magnetic flux density in the model .......... 245
ValIDATION ............................................................... 1
the capacitance matrix.................................... 30, 74
Value ...................................... 120, 133, 138, 141, 149
the force results .................................................. 128
1 120, 133, 138
the results table .................................... 18, 229, 307
275300 ............................................................... 149
the vector plot of the current density ........... 225, 247
Bz ....................................................................... 141
Vector results...................................................... 271
Vector results ......................................................... 271
Virtual Work.................... 121, 139, 151, 175, 208, 298
Viewing ............................................................... 271
Virtual work set....................................................... 298
Velocity .................................................................. 184
Applying .............................................................. 298
Verage ................................................... 176, 209, 301
Visualization of Results .................................. 178, 210
Verification ............................................................. 143
Visualizing ................................................ 89, 109, 268
Software ............................................................. 143
the AC Magnetic Results .................................... 268
Verifying ................................. 129, 141, 143, 152, 249
the electrostatic results ................................. 89, 109
the flux density results ................................ 141, 249
VLSI Circuits ............................................................ 74
the force results .......................................... 129, 143
Vol ............................................................ 74, 152, 249
the torque results ................................................ 152
340
Index
Voltage 11, 23, 36, 52, 69, 85, 86, 101, 103, 105, 106,
107, 220
Y
Yoke ....................................................................... 137
Bodies .................................... 85, 86, 105, 106, 107

Yoke_T ........................................................... 134, 137
Faces ...................................... 11, 23, 101, 103, 220
Z
Vs ................................................................... 178, 210
W
Zero volt ................................................................... 23

Applying ................................................................ 23
Wei Hong ................................................................. 74

Zhenhai Zhu ............................................................. 74
With Core Loss....................................................... 257
Without consideration..................................... 158, 192

r1 ..................................................................... 33, 65
Workshop ............................................................... 131
r2 ..................................................................... 33, 65
Wound Coil .... 120, 138, 173, 241, 284, 287, 290, 294
r3 ........................................................................... 65
EMS toolbar ........ 138, 173, 241, 284, 287, 290, 294
X
r4 ........................................................................... 65
r5 ........................................................................... 65
X 10 ................................................................ 231, 233

r6 ........................................................................... 65
X10 ................................................................. 231, 233
r7 ........................................................................... 65
Xls .......................................................................... 141
341

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EMS 2012

All rights reserved 2012 ElectroMagneticWorks Inc.

Assigning Materials from the EMS Material Library .................................................................................................. 35

Creating an Electrostatic Study ................................................................................................................................ 67

Creating an Electrostatic Study ................................................................................................................................ 98

Viewing the force results table ............................................................................................................................ 128

Description of the Problem ..................................................................................................................................... 157

Visualization of Motion Results ............................................................................................................................... 210

Visualization of Results .......................................................................................................................................... 245

Generating a study report ....................................................................................................................................... 277

LESSON WITH VALIDATION

a Strip Transmission Line

EL6: Analysis of a ZR Vacuum Insulator Stack

EL4: Electrostatic Analysis

MT1: Motion Analysis of a Brushless Permanent

Axial Coupling Between Two

EC1: Resistance Calculation of a Trimmed

AC1: Asymmetrical Conductor

AC2: 3 Phases Power Transformer With Losses

What is far enough?

Lesson EL1: Capacitance Matrix of a Two Conductors Structure

Using multple configurations to analyze SolidWorks models

Treating Solid Conductors in Electrostatic Analysis

Each method is applied in a different SolidWorks configuration.

Lesson EL1: Capacitance Matrix of a Two Conductors Structure

Browse to <Current User> \ My Documents \ EMS Documents \ EMS Examples\ EL1\

Click on the ConfigurationManager tab

Click the EMS Manager tab

Under Analysis Type, click

It is important to click Ok and not Apply if only one study is desired.

Assigning materials from the EMS Material Library

Select Apply Material to All Bodies. The Material page opens.

From the Material Database pull-down menu, select EMS Materials.

Click the (+) sign next to the Air library icon.

Show me the Material Tree

To define material properties for the substrate:

Select Apply Material to All Bodies. The Material page opens.

Lesson EL1: Capacitance Matrix of a Two Conductors Structure

From the Material Database pull-down menu, select EMS Materials.

Show me the Material Browser

Grounded conductor to the bottom face of the model.

Floating conductor restraint to the first solid conductor.

Floating conductor restraint to the second solid conductor.

Lesson EL1: Capacitance Matrix of a Two Conductors Structure

Applying a grounded conductor to the ground plane

Click Fixed Voltage

on the EMS toolbar.

The Fixed Voltage Property Manager appears.

Click inside the Faces for Voltage box

Type 0 in the Voltage box.

then select this face

Applying a Floating Conductor

Click Floating Conductor

on the EMS toolbar.

The Floating Conductor Property Manager appears.

Click inside the Faces for Floating Conductor box

then select the four

of the first solid conductor.

Lesson EL1: Capacitance Matrix of a Two Conductors Structure