INVENT Overview Iden

IEEE 2012 Annual Meeting
Cincinnati, Ohio
Integrated Vehicle Energy
Technology (INVENT) Overview
Changing the Culture through
Model Based Engineering
4 May 2012
Integrity
Service
Excellence
STEVEN M. IDEN
INVENT Program Manager
Energy / Power / Thermal Division
Air Force Research Laboratory
Cleared for public release, 88ABW-2011-4647, 26Aug11
Challenge
In the Past
Aircraft designed for peak power and peak thermal loads
Over-design offered future growth potential
Optimized based on mass and volume metrics
Today
3 to 5 times heat load of legacy aircraft
Limited ability to reject heat to environment
Increasing secondary power demands
On demand peak power for flight controls

On demand peak power for engine thrust actuation devices
Increased complexity
Future
Energy efficiency and optimization approaches
Dynamic energy picture of the subsystems and vehicle airframe
Stored energy converted energy distributed energy dissipated energy
Requires new design processes

Power & Thermal Management

Requirements
Heat Sink: Fuel, Lube, Ram Air,
Fan Duct, Thermal Energy
Storage, Expendable?
Active Denial
Laser Fighter
ELLA
~
~
LRSII
kW
Power & Thermal Requirements
LRSIII
F-22
Heat Sink: Fuel
MEA I
F-35 STOVL
F-35 CTOL, CV
F-15E
F-16
F-15C, D
Time
Heat Sink: Ram Air

& Fuel
More Electric Aircraft Gen I

Electric Engine Start
Electric Primary Flight Control
PTMS
Today
Energy Optimized Aircraft (EOA)

Energy Efficiency >>>
Mission Capability >>>
Reduce Demand
Change Culture
Reduced Fuel Burn

Increased Range or Endurance
Increased Performance
No Thermal Management System Limits
on Operations
Mega-Watt Class Power & Cooling for
Self-Defense Weapons
Mission
Capable
Efficient
Systems
Adaptive Versatile
Turbine Engine (ADVENT)
On-Demand
Robust, Adaptive
Variable Cycle Engines
Advanced Aero
Highly Efficient Embedded
Turbine Engine (HEETE)
AF INVENT Future Vision & Goals

Spirals 1,2, & 3 Capabilities Growth
Providing Future Warfighter Capabilities
F-35
UAV
Large Aircraft DEW
Subsonic LRS
Long Endurance UAV
Mobility
F-22
Hypersonic
6th Gen Fighter/DEW

Persistent ISR
Supersonic LRS
10% Fuel Savings or Range for 5th

Gen Tactical, Subsonic Strike, and
Persistent/ISR (P/ISR)
2X Ground Hold Time for 5th Gen
Tactical & Strike (120 min Goal)
4X CAS Low Alt Ops Time for
Tactical & Strike (120 min Goal)
+15-20% Power and Thermal
(P&T) Mission Capability
5th
INVENT Near-Term
GEN More Electric Aircraft
50% Improved Range/Endurance Goal
High Altitude Airship
10% On-Demand Integrated Systems
Power & Thermal for High Mach to

Hypersonic Vehicles
30% Advanced Engine Cycles

(leveraged)
10X Increased P&T for Hi Duty

Cycle DEW
10% Aero Improvements (leveraged)
10X P&T Systems Growth for Long

Endurance ISR Missions
No Thermal Management System (TMS)

Restrictions
5X P&T Capacity (MW Class DEW)
INVENT Mid-Term
Next Gen. Energy Opt. Aircraft
INVENT Far-Term
Revolutionary Energy Opt. Aircraft
Integrated Vehicle Energy Technology (INVENT)
The Next System Revolution
Adaptive P &T
Management System
High Performance
Electromechanical
Actuation
Dynamic Energy
Management System
Adaptive Cycle Engine
MW-class Power
Electrical
Accumulator Unit
Robust Electrical
Power System
Adaptive Smart Aircraft Power Systems

Model Based Design

6
Reduced Energy Demand

For steady level flight:
Lift=Weight and Thrust=Drag
INVENT can reduce energy consumption in three ways:

Reduce combined subsystem weight
Currently 2x single engine weight
Reduce bleed air

Reduces the SFC and thrust penalties
Reduce engine power extraction

Reduces the SFC and thrust penalties
Rapid Model Based Design

The
Need:
Full Mission
Capability
The
Solution:
Energy
Optimized
Aircraft
Near
Cockpit Simulation
Full Mission Capability
Develop Integrated
Subsystems & Models
Mid
Far
Verified and Validated Multifidelity Platform Based Toolsets
Develop Integrated System

Models and Conduct Full
System Optimization
Iterative Virtual & Real Rapid Design Approach

INVENT Model Requirements

and Implementation Plan (MRIP)
Govt./Industry collaboration to
establish modeling framework
Mission & Segment
Interface definitions
Losses, heat
Interactions
Defines fidelity, data stream, and

V&V requirements
Software documentation
requirements
Standard for AF, industry and
academia
MRIP is open for public release
Tip-to-Tail Diagram
Government, Industry, Academia Collaboration for System-Level
Development of Evolving MS&A Toolsets Capabilities
Need for Time-Accurate

Mathematical Models
Historically: S-S tabular-based look-up models
Goal: Dynamic mathematical models

2
Tabular data limits scope of possible

investigations
Steady-state information (neglects transient
response between states)
Data generated by resources not available to
system integrator
1
s
Math Layer
Develop time-accurate
mathematical models
Improves:
Model reusability
Variable fidelity options
Reconfigurable
One architecture/mission/platform
Multiple architectures/missions/platforms
Cannot address dynamic controls

interactions
Address controls interactions / on-demand

systems
Move away from steady-state tabular data to time-accurate

models to improve versatility and increase fidelity
10
M&S System
Integration Challenge
Orders of magnitude differences in required simulations rates
Two different model fidelities defined (segment / mission)
Propulsion/Thermal
Simulation
REPS
Heat Loads
Electrical
Distributed
Heterogeneous
Simulation (DHS)
Propulsion
Mission Params
Bay Temps
Shaft Speed
Shaft Power
HPEAS
HPEAS Transient Response
Altitude
Mission Profile
Aircraft Maneuver
FTMS
Vehicle Electrical
Simulation
Vehicle
Distributed
Heterogeneous
Simulation (DHS)
APTMS
Mach
Altitude
Thrust
Engine Transient Response
6-DOF Simulations
Detailed Transient
Analysis
1x10-7 s
Prop/Power/
Thermal Analysis
1x10-6 s
1x10-5 s
Segment Level
1x10-4 s
0.001 s
Simulation Time Step Domain
0.01 s
0.1 s
1.0 sec
Mission-Level
11
Thermal Tip-to-Tail Model

(Mission Level)
Fuel Thermal Management
System (FTMS)
Fuel mass & temp
Convection, conduction,
radiation
Ram air HX
Aircraft Heat Loads

Actuators
Cockpit
Engine (pumps, bearings, and
gearbox)
Avionics (air cooled and liquid
cooled)
Electrical System
Engine (quasi-steady state)

Controls return to tank flow
Calculates engine heat loads
Calculates net thrust
Calculates fuel burn / SFC
Interfaces with APTMS supplying
bleed air & shaft power
Drag
Engine
Ram Air
Fuel
Thrust
FTMS
Q FAN
Power Thermal
Management
System (PTMS)
Air cycle or vapor cycle
Cold air heat sink
Heat sink for PAO loop
Thrust Command
Fuel
Bleed Air/
Shaft Power
Fuel
PTMS
Q Load
AVS
Air Vehicle System (AVS)

6-DoF to vehicle model
Notional Long Range Strike
Closed loop control over
mission profile (speed,
altitude, heading)
Track metrics (range,
endurance, fuel burn)
12
Electrical Tip-to-Tail Model

(Segment Level)
Robust Electrical Power
System (REPS) (Transient)
Generator
Electrical Distribution Unit
Electrical Accumulator Unit
Engine (Transient)
Calculates thrust
Calculates fuel burn / SFC
Interfaces with REPS System
through shaft power.
Shaft
Speed
REPS
High Performance
Electrical Actuation
System (HPEAS)
(Transient)
Actuators
EMI Circuit
Engine
Air Vehicle System (AVS)

(Transient)
6-DoF to vehicle model
Notional Long Range Strike
Closed loop control over mission
profile (speed, altitude, heading)
Track metrics (range, endurance,
fuel burn)
Thrust Command
Thrust
AVS
Shaft
Torque
Voltage
Current
Actuation Feedback
Actuation Command
HPEAS
Aerodynamic Loads
13
Validation through
Hardware in the Loop (HIL)
Real-Time Turbine
Engine and FADEC
Models
6 DoF Airframe
Dynamics and
Autopilot Models
Thrust Achieved
Actuator / Load Model
Actuation
Feedback
Fuel Burned
Actuation
Command
Altitude
Mach Number
Aerodynamic
Loads
Thrust Request
Real-Time
Simulator
Real-Time Simulator
Real-Time
Simulator
Simulation
Drive Stand
ELECTRICAL
ACCUMULATOR UNIT
Vdc
Measured
Bus Voltage
Current
Command
Measured Generator
Torque
Measured
Spool Speed
Speed
Command
Hardware
Energy Storage
Device
Converter
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Gen
Turbine Emulator
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Vdc
ADVANCED
LOAD
EMULATOR
Average Power
Dissipator
Energy Storage
Device
Converter
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14
INVENT Technology
Demonstration & Validation Strategy
2008
Develop Models, Hardware, Integrate, Simulate, Test & Validate
2015+
Component Dev.
Subsystem & Dynamic
INVENT Ground
INVENT Flight
INVENT 6.2
Modeling
Demos INVENT 6.3
Demo INVENT 6.3
INVENT 6.2, 6.3

BATTERY
ESG
270
VDC
MAIN
BUS
ISIF
EMA
ACTUATOR
P&CE
EHA
ACTUATOR
P&CE
IAP
ACTUATOR
P&CE
Robust Electrical
Power System
F-35 Derivatives
Bi-Directional
Converter
Battery
Capacitor
Possible solution
Adaptive Power &

Thermal
Management
System
High
Performance
Electric
Actuation
System
Long Range Strike
VAATE
Integration of Adaptive
Cycle Engine Capabilities
Persistent ISR
Mobility
Cleared for public
88ABW-2011-4647,
26Aug11
Forrelease,
Official
Use Only
15
Future MS&A Needs

Desired Future Capabilities
IP Protection
Improve capability of RSTOOL to plot higher order response surfaces
Integrated Configuration Management
Physical Modeling Standard Toolboxes
exs. 2 phase thermodynamic flow, hydraulic with thermal, others
Data Management
large data set logging, managing, consistent formats
Automated simulation solver selection (speed / accuracy)

Ability to capture model uncertainty associated with solver, parameters,
and user input (physics modeled)
Errors associated with launching Matlab engines
Update Simulink Scope to measure point to point (cursor)
16
Future MS&A Needs (cont)

Desired Future Capabilities (cont)
Ability to read AMPL/GMPL files to create linear programs
An GAMS format model interpreter is a workable solution
Create a solver for mixed integer programs
Ability to specify optimality gap for termination of the algorithm
Future Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis Needs

Distributed simulation capability for non-real time and real time
Running segment level electrical models in real time
make use of floating point FPGA or GPUs
Availability of Jacobian for model reduction
17
INVENT
is our Nations Planning and Execution Construct for
Energy Optimized Aircraft
THE PARTNERSHIP
THE MISSION
Increase
Capability,
Performance
Integrated
Energy
Management
GE Rolls-Royce
Fighter Engine Team
1
7
3
5
Reduce
Acquisition
Time/Cost
Government, Industry, Academia Collaborative Team

18
Questions?
19

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IEEE 2012 Annual Meeting

Cleared for public release, 88ABW-2011-4647, 26Aug11

On demand peak power for flight controls

Stored energy converted energy distributed energy dissipated energy

Requires new design processes

Power & Thermal Management

Power & Thermal Requirements

Heat Sink: Fuel

Heat Sink: Ram Air

More Electric Aircraft Gen I

Cleared for public release, 88ABW-2011-4647, 26Aug11

Energy Optimized Aircraft (EOA)

Reduced Fuel Burn

AF INVENT Future Vision & Goals

Large Aircraft DEW

6th Gen Fighter/DEW

10% Fuel Savings or Range for 5th

50% Improved Range/Endurance Goal

High Altitude Airship

10% On-Demand Integrated Systems

Power & Thermal for High Mach to

30% Advanced Engine Cycles

10X Increased P&T for Hi Duty

10% Aero Improvements (leveraged)

10X P&T Systems Growth for Long

No Thermal Management System (TMS)

Cleared for public release, 88ABW-2011-4647, 26Aug11

Integrated Vehicle Energy Technology (INVENT)

The Next System Revolution

Adaptive Cycle Engine

Adaptive Smart Aircraft Power Systems

Model Based Design

Integrated Vehicle Energy Technology (INVENT)

Reduced Energy Demand

INVENT can reduce energy consumption in three ways:

Reduce bleed air

Reduce engine power extraction

Cleared for public release, 88ABW-2011-4647, 26Aug11

Integrated Vehicle Energy Technology (INVENT)

Rapid Model Based Design

Verified and Validated Multifidelity Platform Based Toolsets

Develop Integrated System

Iterative Virtual & Real Rapid Design Approach

INVENT Model Requirements

Defines fidelity, data stream, and

Need for Time-Accurate

Goal: Dynamic mathematical models

Tabular data limits scope of possible

Cannot address dynamic controls

Address controls interactions / on-demand

Move away from steady-state tabular data to time-accurate

Cleared for public release, 88ABW-2011-4647, 26Aug11

Thermal Tip-to-Tail Model

Aircraft Heat Loads

Engine (quasi-steady state)

Cleared for public release, 88ABW-2011-4647, 26Aug11

Air Vehicle System (AVS)

Electrical Tip-to-Tail Model

Air Vehicle System (AVS)