USA Harvard MIT Mathematics Tournament 2011 139

USA
Harvard-MIT Mathematics Tournament

2011
Algebra
1 Let a, b, c be positive real numbers. Determine the largest total number of real roots that the
following three polynomials may have among them: ax2 +bx+c, bx2 +cx+a, and cx2 +ax+b.
2 Let a ? b = ab + a + b for all integers a and b. Evaluate 1 ? (2 ? (3 ? (4 ? . . . (99 ? 100) . . .))).
3 Find all integers x such that 2x2 +x6 is a positive integral power of a prime positive integer.
4 For all real numbers x, let
f (x) =
2011
1
.
1 x2011
Evaluate (f (f (. . . (f (2011)) . . .)))2011 , where f is applied 2010 times.

5 Let f (x) = x2 + 6x + c for all real number sx, where c is some real number. For what values
of c does f (f (x)) have exactly 3 distinct real roots?
6 How many polynomials P with integer coefficients and degree at most 5 satisfy 0 P (x) < 120
for all x {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}?
7 Let A = {1, 2, . . . , 2011}. Find the number of functions f from A to A that satisfy f (n) n
for all n in A and attain exactly 2010 distinct values.
2
2
8 Let z = cos 2011
+ i sin 2011
, and let
P (x) = x2008 + 3x2007 + 6x2006 + +
2008 2009
2009 2010
x+
2
2
for all complex numbers x. Evaluate P (z)P (z 2 )P (z 3 ) P (z 2010 ).

p
9 Let {an } and p
{bn } be sequences defined recursively by a0 = 2; b0 = 2, and an+1 = an 1 + a2n + b2n
bn ; bn+1 = bn 1 + a2n + b2n + an . Find the ternary (base 3) representation of a4 and b4 .
This file was downloaded from the AoPS Math Olympiad Resources Page
http://www.artofproblemsolving.com/
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2011
Calculus
Z
3 Evaluate
1
ln x
x
2011
dx.
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2011
Combinatorics
2 A classroom has 30 students and 30 desks arranged in 5 rows of 6. If the class has 15 boys
and 15 girls, in how many ways can the students be placed in the chairs such that no boy is
sitting in front of, behind, or next to another boy, and no girl is sitting in front of, behind,
or next to another girl?
3 Nathaniel and Obediah play a game in which they take turns rolling a fair six-sided die and
keep a running tally of the sum of the results of all rolls made. A player wins if, after he rolls,
the number on the running tally is a multiple of 7. Play continues until either player wins,
or else inde
nitely. If Nathaniel goes fi
rst, determine the probability that he ends up winning.
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2011
Geometry
1 Let ABC be a triangle such that AB = 7, and let the angle bisector of BAC intersect line
BC at D. If there exist points E and F on sides AC and BC, respectively, such that lines
AD and EF are parallel and divide triangle ABC into three parts of equal area, determine
the number of possible integral values for BC.
2 Let H be a regular hexagon of side length x. Call a hexagon in the same plane a distortion
of H if and only if it can be obtained from H by translating each vertex of H by a distance
strictly less than 1. Determine the smallest value of x for which every distortion of H is
necessarily convex.
3 Let ABCDEF be a regular hexagon of area 1. Let M be the midpoint of DE. Let X be
the intersection of AC and BM , let Y be the intersection of BF and AM , and let Z be the
intersection of AC and BF . If [P ] denotes the area of a polygon P for any polygon P in the
plane, evaluate [BXC] + [AY F ] + [ABZ] [M XZY ].
4 Let ABCD be a square of side length 13. Let E and F be points on rays AB and AD
respectively, so that the area of square ABCD equals the area of triangle AEF . If EF
intersects BC at X and BX = 6, determine DF .
5 Let ABCDEF be a convex equilateral hexagon such that lines BC, AD, and EF are parallel.
Let H be the orthocenter of triangle ABD. If the smallest interior angle of the hexagon is 4
degrees, determine the smallest angle of the triangle HAD in degrees.
6 Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral, and suppose that BC = CD = 2. Let I be the incenter
of triangle ABD. If AI = 2 as well, find the minimum value of the length of diagonal BD.
7 Let ABCD be a quadrilateral inscribed in the unit circle such that BAD is 30 degrees. Let
m denote the minimum value of CP + P Q + CQ, where P and Q may be any points lying
along rays AB and AD, respectively. Determine the maximum value of m.
8 Collinear points A, B, and C are given in the Cartesian plane such that A = (a, 0) lies
AB
along the x-axis, B lies along the line y = x, C lies along the line y = 2x, and BC
= 2. If
D = (a, a), and the circumcircle of triangle ADC intersects the line y = x again at E, and
AE
ray AE intersects y = 2x at F , evaluate EF
.
9 Let 1 and 2 be two circles that intersect at points A and B. Let line l be tangent to 1 at
P and to 2 at Q such that A is closer to P Q than B. Let points R and S lie along rays P A
and QA, respectively, so that P Q = AR = AS and R and S are on opposite sides of A as P
and Q. Let O be the circumcenter of triangle ASR, and C and D be the midpoints of major
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2011
arcs AP and AQ, respectively. If AP Q is 45 degrees and AQP is 30 degrees, determine

COD in degrees.
Page 5

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USA

Harvard-MIT Mathematics Tournament

Evaluate (f (f (. . . (f (2011)) . . .)))2011 , where f is applied 2010 times.

P (x) = x2008 + 3x2007 + 6x2006 + +

for all complex numbers x. Evaluate P (z)P (z 2 )P (z 3 ) P (z 2010 ).

arcs AP and AQ, respectively. If AP Q is 45 degrees and AQP is 30 degrees, determine

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