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    IjctJournals
    http://www.ijctjournal.org Page 3 International Journal of Computer Techniques -– Volume 2 Issue 1, 2015 1) The document reviews techniques for reducing speckle noise in ultrasound medical images, which can degrade image quality and hinder diagnosis. 2) Speckle noise reduction techniques include wavelet thresholding, standard filters like median and Lee filters, and anisotropic diffusion filters. Wavelet thresholding in the discrete wavelet transform domain is effective while preserving edges. 3) The review evaluates different speckle reduction techniques and concludes that wavelet-based methods best balance noise reduction and detail preservation for ultrasound image processing.

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    Ijct V2i1p4

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    http://www.ijctjournal.org Page 3 International Journal of Computer Techniques -– Volume 2 Issue 1, 2015 1) The document reviews techniques for reducing speckle noise in ultrasound medical images, which can degrade image quality and hinder diagnosis. 2) Speckle noise reduction techniques include wavelet thresholding, standard filters like median and Lee filters, and anisotropic diffusion filters. Wavelet thresholding in the discrete wavelet transform domain is effective while preserving edges. 3) The review evaluates different speckle reduction techniques and concludes that wavelet-based methods best balance noise reduction and detail preservation for ultrasound image processing.

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    http://www.ijctjournal.org Page 3 International Journal of Computer Techniques -– Volume 2 Issue 1, 2015 1) The document reviews techniques for reducing speckle noise in ultrasound medical images, which can degrade image quality and hinder diagnosis. 2) Speckle noise reduction techniques include wavelet thresholding, standard filters like median and Lee filters, and anisotropic diffusion filters. Wavelet thresholding in the discrete wavelet transform domain is effective while preserving edges. 3) The review evaluates different speckle reduction techniques and concludes that wavelet-based methods best balance noise reduction and detail preservation for ultrasound image processing.

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    29 views4 pages

    Ijct V2i1p4

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    IjctJournals
    http://www.ijctjournal.org Page 3 International Journal of Computer Techniques -– Volume 2 Issue 1, 2015 1) The document reviews techniques for reducing speckle noise in ultrasound medical images, which can degrade image quality and hinder diagnosis. 2) Speckle noise reduction techniques include wavelet thresholding, standard filters like median and Lee filters, and anisotropic diffusion filters. Wavelet thresholding in the discrete wavelet transform domain is effective while preserving edges. 3) The review evaluates different speckle reduction techniques and concludes that wavelet-based methods best balance noise reduction and detail preservation for ultrasound image processing.

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    of 4

    International Journal of Computer Techniques - Volume 2 Issue 1, 2015

    RESEARCH ARTICLE

    OPEN ACCESS

    Review on Speckle Noise Reduction Techniques for


    Medical Ultrasound Image Processing
    Vaishali Kumbhakarna MPHIL (Computer Science)III Sem, Vijaya R.Patil MPHIL (Computer Science)III
    Sem,Dr.Seema Kawathekar(Asst.Prof)
    Dr.Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University , Department of Computer Science.Aurangabad

    --------------------------------------------------------********************************************-------------------------------------------------------

    Abstract:In medical image processing, for Ultrasound images, the noise can restrain information which is
    valuable for the Medical practitioner . Ultrasonic devices are frequently used by healthcare professionals. The
    use of ultrasound imaging in medical diagnosis is well established because of its noninvasive nature, low cost,
    capability of forming real time imaging and continuing improvement in image quality . The main problem
    during diagnosis is the distortion of visual signals .These distortions are termed as Speckle Noise, this makes
    the image unclear. In the medical literature, speckle noise is referred as texture. The success of ultrasonic
    examination depends on the image quality which is usually retarded due to speckle noise .Therefore, noise
    reduction is very important. In medical image processing, image denoising has become a very essential
    exercise all through the diagnose. In this review paper several techniques for effective suppression of speckle
    noise present in ultrasound images has been studied.
    Keywords: - medical imaging, ultrasound, speckle noise, wavelet thresholding
    --------------------------------------------------------********************************************-------------------------------------------------------

    INTRODUCTION:Each of the medical imaging devices is


    affected by different types of noise. For example, the
    x-ray images are often corrupted by Poisson noise,
    while the ultrasound images are affected by Speckle
    noise. Speckle is a complex phenomenon, which
    degrades image quality with a back scattered wave
    appearance which originates from many microscopic
    diffused reflections that passing through internal
    organs and makes it more difficult for the observer to
    discriminate fine detail of the images in diagnostic
    examinations[1]. Thus, denoising or reducing these
    speckle noise from a noisy image has become the
    predominant step in medical image processing.
    METHODS:-Speckle reduction can be

    ISSN: 2394 -2231

    divided roughly into two categories:


    1)processing techniques
    2)post processing
    The first one recovers the image by summing
    more than a few observations of the same object
    which suppose that no change or motion of the object
    happened during the reception of observations. These
    techniques do not require any hardware modification
    in the image reconstruction system, and hence have
    found a growing interest. In this the images are
    obtained as usual and the processing techniques are
    applied on the image obtained.
    Image post processing is an appropriate
    method for speckle reduction which enhances the

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    International Journal of Computer Techniques - Volume 2 Issue 1, 2015

    signal to noise ratio while conserving the edges and


    lines in the image.
    1)WAVELET THRESHOLDING: All the wavelet
    filters use wavelet thresholding operation for
    denoising .Speckle noise is a high-frequency
    component of the image and appears in wavelet
    coefficients. One widespread method exploited for
    speckle reduction is wavelet thresholding procedure.
    The basic Procedure for all thresholding method is as
    follows:
    1)Calculate the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) of
    the image.
    2)Threshold the wavelet coefficients. (Threshold may
    be universal or sub band adaptive)
    3)Compute the Inverse Discrete Wavelet Transform
    (IDWT) to get the denoised estimate.
    :This section
    depicts the image-denoising algorithm, which
    achieves near optimal soft thresholding in the wavelet
    domain for recovering original signal from the noisy
    one. The wavelet transform employs Daubechies
    least asymmetric compactly supported wavelet with
    eight vanishing moments with four scales of
    orthogonal decomposition. It has the following steps.
    2)IMAGE DENOSING PROCEDURE

    1)Transform the multiplicative noise model into an


    additive one by taking the logarithm of the original
    speckled data.
    2) Log I(x, y) = log S(x, y) + log (x, y).
    3) Perform the DWT of the noisy image up to 2 levels
    (L=2) to obtain seven sub bands, which are named as
    LL1, HH1, LH1, HL1, HH2, LH2, HL2 and LL2.
    4) Obtain noise variance using 6.
    5) Calculate the weighted variance of signal by 4.
    6)Compute the threshold value l for each pixel by 5.

    ISSN: 2394 -2231

    7) Threshold all sub band coefficients using Soft


    thresholding by substituting the threshold value
    obtained from 5.
    8) Perform the inverse DWT to reconstruct the
    denoised image.
    9) Take Exponent.
    3)STANDARD DESPECKLING TECHNIQUES:

    There are many speckle reduction filters available,


    some give better visual interpretations while others
    have good noise reduction or smoothing capabilities.
    Some of the best known speckle reduction filters are
    Median, Lee, Kuan, standard Frost, Enhanced Frost,
    Weiner, Gamma MAP and SRAD filters.
    Some of these filters have unique speckle
    reduction approach that performs spatial filtering in a
    square-moving window known as kernel. The
    filtering is based on the statistical relationship
    between the center pixel and its surrounding pixels.
    The typical size of filter window can range from 3by-3 to 33-by-33, but the size of window must be
    odd. If the size of the filter window is too large,
    important details will be lost due to over smoothing.
    On the other hand, if the size of the window is too
    small, speckle reduction may not yield good results.
    Generally a 3-by-3 or 7-by-7 window is used giving
    good results
    CONCLUSION :-the comparative study of
    various speckle reducing filters for ultrasound images
    shows that although all standard speckle filters
    perform well on ultrasound images but they have
    some constraints regarding resolution degradation.
    These filters sometimes causes over smoothing.
    Wavelet transform is best suited for performance
    because of its properties like multiresolution and
    multiscale nature. Thresholding techniques used with
    discrete wavelet are simplest to implement.
    The use of filter in Digital Image Processing
    improves the image to a great extent. Mainly in the
    case of presence of Speckle noise, filtering is very
    much required in order to improve the diagnostic
    examination and also to improve the efficiency of

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    International Journal of Computer Techniques - Volume 2 Issue 1, 2015

    post processing techniques like segmentation this


    work proposed method yields significantly improved
    visual quality as compared to the other techniques in
    the denoising literature.
    Speckle Reducing Anisotropic
    Diffusion(SRAD) is a nonlinear smoothing filter .
    This filter is edge-sensitive, has the ability to preserve
    edges while smoothing the rest of the image to reduce
    speckle noise . The anisotropic diffusion has been
    used by several researchers in image restoration and
    image recovery by homomorphicfiltering.
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    Jones, Senior Member, IEEE,and William D.
    OBrien, Jr.,* Fellow,Detection of Lines and
    Boundaries in Speckle ImagesApplication to
    Medical Ultrasound, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
    MEDICAL IMAGING, VOL. 18, NO. 2,
    FEBRUARY 1999
    2]S. Grace Chang, Student Member, IEEE, Bin Yu,
    Senior Member, IEEE, and Martin Vetterli, Fellow,
    IEEE
    Spatially Adaptive Wavelet Thresholding with
    Context Modeling for Image Denoising,IEEE
    TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING,
    VOL. 9, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2000
    3]Gustavo Carneiro*, Bogdan Georgescu, Sara Good,
    and Dorin Comaniciu, Senior Member,Detection
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    MEDICAL IMAGING, VOL. 27, NO. 9,
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    4]S.Sudha, G.R.Suresh and R.Sukanesh,Asst.
    Prof/ECE,Sona College of Technology,Salem5,TN,Prpf./ECE,Thiagarajar College of
    Engineering,Madurai-15,TN,India,Speckle Noise
    Reduction in Ultrasound Images
    by Wavelet Thresholding based on Weighted

    ISSN: 2394 -2231

    VarianceInternational Journal of Computer Theory


    and Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 1, April 2009
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    Engineering,University of Southern California, Los
    Angeles, CA90089-1111, USA, Diagnostic
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    Information Technology,Dr. SNS Rajalakshmi
    College of Arts & Science,Coimbatore - 49, TN,
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    University,Salem 11, TN, India.Speckle Noise
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    7]Jappreet Kaur M.tech Computer Science,
    Department Of CSE, Guru Nanak Dev Engineering
    College, Ludhiana (Punjab), India.
    [email protected] Jasdeep Kaur M.tech
    Computer Science, Department Of CSE, Guru Nanak
    Dev Engineering College, Ludhiana (Punjab), India.
    [email protected] Manpreet Kaur M.tech Computer
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    Engineering College, Ludhiana (Punjab), India.
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    8] Ms. Alka Vishwa Ms. Shilpa Sharma Computer
    Science and Engineering, Electronics &
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    IIMET ,Jaipur, Rajasthan ,India IIMET ,Jaipur,
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    International Journal of Computer Techniques - Volume 2 Issue 1, 2015

    Research in Computer Science and Software


    Engineering , Volume 2, Issue 2, February 2012
    9]Sylvia Rueda!, Sana Fathima, Caroline L. Knight,
    Mohammad Yaqub, Aris T. Papageorghiou,Bahbibi
    Rahmatullah, Alessandro Foi, Senior Member, IEEE,
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    Tohka,Richard V. Stebbing, John E. McManigle,
    Student Member, IEEE, Anca Ciurte, Xavier
    Bresson,Meritxell Bach Cuadra, Changming Sun,
    Member, IEEE, Gennady V. Ponomarev, Mikhail S.

    ISSN: 2394 -2231

    Gelfand,Marat D. Kazanov, Ching-Wei Wang,


    Member, IEEE, Hsiang-Chou Chen, Chun-Wei Peng,
    Chu-Mei Hung,and J. Alison Noble,Evaluation and
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