Mauldin January 12
Mauldin January 12
Mauldin January 12
Seven major trends are likely to produce an economic tsunami over the next five years, wreaking havoc but
delivering opportunities to the savvy investor.
IN THIS ISSUE
Seven Significant Events for the Next Five
Years Page 1
Sayonara or Pour Me Some More Sake
Page 4
Europe: A Ticking Time Bomb Page 5
China Enters a 12-Step Program for
Debtaholics Page 8
Cincinnati, the Cayman Islands, Zurich, and
Florida Page 9
1. Japan will continue its experiment with the most radical quantitative easing attempted by a major
country in the history of the world and the experiment is getting dangerous. The Bank of Japan
is effectively exporting the island nations deflation to its trade competitors like Germany, China,
and South Korea and inviting a currency war that could shake the world. Ive been saying this for
years now, but the story took a nasty turn on Halloween Day, when the Bank of Japan announced
it was greatly expanding and changing the mix of its asset purchases. The results have been
downright scary, and a major slide in the JPY/USD exchange rate is almost certain over the next
five years. I give it a 90% probability. All this while the population of Japan shrinks before our very
eyes.
2. Europe is headed for a crisis at least as severe as the Grexit scare was in 2012 and for the
resulting run-up in interest rates and a sovereign debt scare in the peripheral countries. After all
these years of struggle, the structural flaws in the EMUs design remain; and now major economies
like Italy and France are headed for trouble. In the very near future we will finally know the answer
to the question, Is the euro a currency or an experiment? The changes required to answer that
question will be wrenching and horrifically expensive. There are no good answers, only difficult
choices about who pays how much and to whom. Again, I see the deepening of the Eurozone crisis
as a 90% probability.
3. China is approaching its day of reckoning as it tries to reduce its dependency on debt in its bid
for growth, while creating a consumer society. The world is simply not prepared for China to
experience an outright hard landing or recession, but I think there is a 70% probability that
it will do so within the next five years. And the probability that China will suffer either a hard
landing OR a long period of Japanese-style stagnation (in the event that the Chinese government
is forced to absorb nonperforming loans to prevent a debt crisis) is over 95%. To be sure, it is still
quite possible that the Chinese economy will be significantly larger in 2025 (ten years from now)
than it is today, but realizing that potential largely depends on President Xi Jinpings ability to
accomplish an extremely difficult task: deleveraging the debt overhang that threatens the countrys
MASSIVE financial system while rebalancing the national economy to a more sustainable growth
model (either through either a vast expansion of Chinas export market or the rapid development
of new economy sectors like technology, services, and consumption; or both). This will not be
the end of China, which Im quite bullish on over the very long term, but such transitions are
never easy. Even given this rather stark forecast, it is still likely (in my opinion) that the Chinese
economy will be 20 to 25% bigger as 2020 opens than it is today; and every other major economy
in the world (including the US) would be thrilled to have such growth. At the very least, though,
Chinas slowdown and rebalancing is going to put pressure on commodity exporters, which are
generally emerging markets plus Australia, Canada, and Norway.
4. All of the above will tend to be bullish for the dollar, which will make dollar-denominated debt
in emerging-market countries more difficult to pay back. And given the amount of debt that
has been created in the last few years, it is likely that well see a series of crises in emergingmarket countries, along with an uncomfortably high level of risk of setting off an LTCM-style
global financial shock. My colleague Worth Wray spoke about this new era of volatile FX flows
and growing risk of capital flight from emerging markets at my Strategic Investor Conference
last May, and he has continued to remind us of those risks in recent months (A Scary Story for
Emerging Markets and Why the World Needs the US Economy to Struggle). Now that Russia
has tumbled into a full-fledged currency crisis with serious signs of contagion, Worths prediction
Thoughts from the Frontline is a free weekly economics e-letter by best-selling author and renowned financial
expert, John Mauldin. You can learn more and get your free subscription by visiting www.mauldineconomics.com
is already playing out, and I would assign an 80 to 90% probability that it will continue to do so,
as a function of (1) the rising US dollar and a reversal in cross-border capital flows, (2) falling
commodity prices, or (3) both. This massive wave is going to create a lot of opportunities for
courageous investors who are ready to surf when countries are cheap.
5. I do not believe that the secular bear market in the United States that I began to describe in 1999
has ended. Secular bull markets simply do not begin from valuations like those we have today.
Either we began a secular bull market in 2009, or we have one more major correction in front
of us. Obviously, I think it is the latter. It has been some time since Ive discussed the difference
between secular bull and bear markets and cyclical bull and bear markets, and I will briefly touch
on the topic today and go into much more detail in later letters. For US-focused investors, this is
of major importance. The secular bear is not something to be scared of but simply something to
be played. It also offers a great deal of opportunity. If I am right, then the next major leg down will
bring on the end of the secular bear and the beginning of a very long-term secular bull. We will all
get to be geniuses in the 2020s and perhaps even before the last half of this decade runs out. Wont
that be fun? Lets call the end of the secular bear a 90% probability in five years and move on.
6. Finally, the voters of the United States are going to have to make a decision about the direction
they want to take the country. We can either opt for growth, which will mean a new tax and
regulatory regime, or we can double down on the current direction and become Europe and
Japan. Ive traveled to both Europe and Japan, and theyre both pleasant-enough places to live,
but I wouldnt want to be a citizen of either Japan or the Eurozone for the rest of this decade. (I
particularly love Italy, but it is beginning to resemble a basket case, with last years optimistic drive
for reforms seemingly stalled.)
However, I would rather live and work and invest in a high-growth country, with opportunities all
around me, a country where we reduce income inequality by increasing wealth and opportunities
at the lower end of the income scale instead of trying to legislate parity by increasing taxes and
imposing government-mandated wealth redistribution, which slows growth and squelches
opportunity for everyone.
A restructuring of the US tax and regulatory regime does not mean a capitulation to the wealthy,
big banks, or big business. Properly conceived and constructed, it will allow the renewal of
the middle class and result in higher income for all. Sadly, it is not clear to me that either the
Republican or Democratic parties are up to the task of making the difficult political decisions
necessary. They each have constituencies that tend to opt for the status quo. But I see hope on
both sides of the political spectrum that change is possible. The course they set will give us an idea
where we will want to focus our portfolios in the decade of the 20s. It is a 100% probability that
we will have to make a decision. It is less than 50% that we will make the right one or at least the
one that I think is the right one.
7. We have entered the Age of Transformation. Were going to see the development of new
technologies that will simply astound us from increasingly capable robots and other applications
of AI to huge breakthroughs in biotechnology. The winners are going to be those who identified
the truly transformational technologies early on in their development and invested wisely.
While riskier (potentially far riskier) than most of your investments should be, a basket of newtechnology stocks should be considered for the growth part of your portfolio. I see the Age of
Thoughts from the Frontline is a free weekly economics e-letter by best-selling author and renowned financial
expert, John Mauldin. You can learn more and get your free subscription by visiting www.mauldineconomics.com
One of the basic rules of markets is that you can control the quantity of something or the price of
something but not both. The Japanese are increasing the quantity of money in the markets, and therefore
the value of that money is dropping. The Japanese yen is already down 50% from its highs of just a few
years ago. Some would point out that Japan has not disappeared, so why is this a bad thing?
If you are a Japanese consumer, you have seen your disposable income fall as your food and energy costs
have risen. Which is why there has not been an explosion of consumer spending or any appreciable
inflation so far, though both were part and parcel of the plan of Abenomics. Japan desperately needs to see
nominal GDP growth in the 3% to 4% range, but it is nowhere close. Since the deficit is higher than 3% to
4% and will likely to remain so for the next few years, total government debt-to-GDP is rising every year.
Wrong direction.
While the Japanese government can occasionally back-slap the currency markets with the odd policy
correction, long-term they have no choice but to continue to monetize the debt. Not to do so would be to
accept a deflationary collapse, something that I think everyone pretty much agrees must be avoided. The
time for Japan to make good choices was 15 to 20 years ago, when they should have avoided increasing
their debt toward the level where they find it today. Today they have no good choices. They simply have a
choice between Disaster A and Disaster B. They have chosen Disaster B, which is to devalue their currency.
If I were in their shoes, I would make the same choice. Home team rules and all that.
How low will the yen go? I have said 200 to the dollar, but in reality that is just a guess based on my backof-the-napkin calculation of how much I think they will need to monetize. I have some very smart friends
who think 140 is probably the final number. I have other very smart friends who think 300 is the final
number, because they think the government of Japan will lose control over the markets. The reality is that
none of us know, as this experiment has never before been tried in the history of the world.
Will Japanese consumers (read voters) accept 200 to the dollar over the next 10 years? We will see, but I
honestly see no choice for them. If I were Japanese, I would be buying gold and assets not denominated in
yen and getting my money into the dollar or other foreign currencies. I will touch on this in later letters,
but there is so much opportunity here. Japan provided my single biggest personal source of returns in
2014. Go Abe and Kuroda.
Europe: A Ticking Time Bomb
The euro is not a currency; it is an experiment. It will not be a currency until France has a true crisis in
which the European Union has to decide whether to keep the euro and create a fiscal union or to dissolve
into competing currency environments that will allow for adjustments among different countries. Either
path will be horrifically expensive. Quite simply, the monetary policies that are suitable for what I call the
FANG countries (Finland, Austria, the Netherlands, and Germany) are not the same as those needed by
the peripheral countries. I am tempted to make some pun about the FANG countries having Europe by the
throat, but I will resist (at least for now).
Thoughts from the Frontline is a free weekly economics e-letter by best-selling author and renowned financial
expert, John Mauldin. You can learn more and get your free subscription by visiting www.mauldineconomics.com
There is a growing recognition in Europe that they need some sort of quantitative easing, but this is
opposed tooth and nail by the FANG countries. Mario Draghi has promised for several years to do
whatever it takes, but the markets are beginning to believe that he is long on rhetoric and short on the
wherewithal to pull it off. The European Central Bank (ECB) is controlled by a complex voting system.
You have the five larger countries sharing four votes (on a rotating basis), the other 12 countries sharing
seven votes (again on a rotating basis), and six appointed board members who are, as best I can determine,
parceled among various countries, but the usual suspects seem to have secured permanent board positions.
If it came down to a vote, Signor Draghi could probably win; but he would not have a consensus, and
the ECB is nothing if not a consensus-driven machine. This lack of unanimity is a problem, as a number
of ECB voting members are essentially no more than city states. Luxembourg, Malta, and Cyprus are all
marvelous places, but they each have fewer than one million citizens. Five other countries in the euro
currency area have fewer than ten million (and several just two million). I am hard-pressed to believe that
Germany would feel comfortable with the idea that countries that have less population than a decent-sized
German state or even a city should have a controlling say in monetary policy.
If Draghi cannot bring the Germans along on some type of quantitative easing program, he will lose all
credibility in the markets. I cant see him hanging around for very long if he fails. Every day he stayed after
that critical juncture would further damage his chances of doing anything else going forward. I think it is
more likely he would leave and take the job as Italian president and try to solve the mess Italy is in. That
might be easier, but only marginally.
If Draghi gets his way on QE (I would take the over on this bet), the euro is then likely to weaken, and
the crisis may be postponed for a few years. If he doesnt, it is entirely possible that the euro will strengthen
even as the Eurozone economy weakens, and that interest rates in countries with outsized government
debt and economic problems will see their interest rates begin to rise. Now throw into the mix the Greek
election on Jan. 25, which is likely to give control of the government to a party that wants to significantly
devalue (or completely do away with) the Greek debt, and you heighten volatility. The simple fact of the
matter is that the Greeks have 175% debt-to-GDP; and as I said four years ago when the problem was
said to be solved, the Eurozones bailout of Greece merely kicked the can down the road to the day when
the Greeks would end up defaulting on even more debt. It now seems we have come to the end of that
particular road. The Germans and the French say that if the Greeks dont want to pay they can leave the
euro. The Greeks rightly point out that physically, mathematically, they cant pay but they dont want to
leave the euro. Try and figure this one out. Its not an economic decision; its a political decision. Predicting
what politicians will do, especially in Europe, is particularly problematic.
I want to thank Paul Krugman for calling to everyones attention in his recent New York Times column my
contention that France will be every bit the problem that Greece is. Of course, he said that in the context of
pointing out that France is now borrowing long-term money at 0.8% and that (at least so far) I have been
wrong. Where is the French time bomb? he asks. My reply is that it is still there, ticking away quietly in
the background. If you have a neo-Keynesian ear, you cant hear it. I hope he will be equally diligent in
drawing attention to the outcome of my call in four or five years. Actually, I hope that I am wrong about
France. The world will be better off if I am: France matters.
Thoughts from the Frontline is a free weekly economics e-letter by best-selling author and renowned financial
expert, John Mauldin. You can learn more and get your free subscription by visiting www.mauldineconomics.com
Sidebar: Paul (may I call you Paul?), you also called me an inflationista. I truly must object. If anything,
I am a deflationista, since I have banged my deflation drum for well over a decade and a half. I was
aggressively recommending long US bonds in the 90s. I actually agree with you that those who thought
QE in the US would cause hyperinflation and the demise of the dollar were missing the point. I have
produced numerous columns explaining all that. It still doesnt mean the latest QE was a good idea or
accomplished anything useful over the long term.
You might have arrived at the inflationista label because I am a debtophobe I see many of the worlds ills
as caused by too much debt, held by governments that are too large relative to the size of their economies.
A graphic depiction of my concern can be seen in the following chart, from a recent Bank Credit Analyst
report, which shows that the larger government spending is as a percentage of GDP, the lower growth is
per capita. Japan grows more slowly than Europe, which grows more slowly than the US; and it seems to
me there is a direct relationship to the amount of debt in the system. To pretend that too-high levels of
government debt do not affect growth is simply not mathematically reasonable. Thus my concern.
While Spain, Italy, and the other peripheral countries all have growth concerns, I think the linchpin to the
entire eurosystem is France. In the chart above, we find France in the lower right. France is ranked 62nd
globally in terms of competitiveness, some ways behind Albania. The reforms being proposed in France
are simply tinkering around the margins. The absolute best the country can hope for this year is about 1%
GDP growth, but it seems more likely that it will slip back into a triple-dip recession. Without a credible
ECB quantitative easing program to help keep interest rates low, when French interest rates begin to rise,
they may do so slowly at first; and then they may do so all at once. Then France will indeed look like
Greece. Will Germany then finally allow a QE program to shore up their most necessary partner in the
European Union? Can they do so without requiring some kind of fiscal union? This all suggests to me a
period of great volatility and slow growth.
Thoughts from the Frontline is a free weekly economics e-letter by best-selling author and renowned financial
expert, John Mauldin. You can learn more and get your free subscription by visiting www.mauldineconomics.com
The French dilemma is further exacerbated by the growing strength of Marine Le Pen and her National
Front Party. Under the guise of economic patriotism (whatever the hell that is), they are openly
protectionist and believe protectionism makes the state stronger. They believe in large government. If
Marine Le Pen is the answer, France is asking the wrong question. But given the recent tragic events in
Paris, it is the answer they may get. Note this paragraph from a recent Telegraph column:
[Marine Le Pen] objects to all forms of globalisation, including free trade and immigration, and
has toned down the fascist rhetoric, making her party more palatable to disillusioned centrists.
The regional elections in March will give us an early clue to any shift in opinion. What is certain
is that unless the mainstream political establishment finds a way of regaining the initiative on law
and order as well as the economy, it is no longer inconceivable though still unlikely that she
could one day win an election. This would be catastrophic, not just for the business community
and for investors, but also for everybody else in France, in Europe and around the world.
(I am as saddened and outraged as anyone about the Paris bombings. My deepest sympathies to all
the family members and to the country. The Muslim world needs to be party to a serious conversation
about what it means to be part of a global civilization. To that end, I was encouraged by a recent speech
by Egyptian President Abdel Fattah Al Sisi at Al-Azhar University in Cairo, the very heart of Islamic
learning (excerpted here subscription needed), in which he forcefully called into question the acceptance
of violence and terror by Muslim clerics. We need to see more of this from politicians and clerics in
the Muslim world. Quite simply, the Western world does not understand the apparent condoning of
beheadings, kidnapping of teenage girls, rape, and killing of those who do not believe correctly
violence supposedly perpetrated in the name of their religion. Where are the fatwas against terrorism?
I am sure that Al Sisi took such a stand at some risk, as have others. I read in Time magazine a most
thoughtful response to the Charlie Hebdo shootings by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (yes, the same gentleman
who scored the most points in NBA history), and I commend it to you.)
Given that the potential crisis in Europe is controlled by political decisions in Germany, there is no real
way to develop a timeline, but I sincerely doubt that the next Eurozone crisis can be postponed for five
years. We will go into more details in future letters.
China Enters a 12-Step Program for Debtaholics
Chinas massive GDP growth has been fueled by equally gargantuan growth in debt. Much of that debt is
not on the official books, but when you look at all of the debt guarantees the government has in place, it
is easy to come to a reckoning which suggests that Chinese government debt-to-GDP in China is already
well above 200% and could be considerably higher. Given the nature of their socialist market economy,
something that has no true analog in Western economic history, and the fact that official Chinese data are
simply made-up numbers, we are left to our own devices in trying to figure out what is really happening.
Thoughts from the Frontline is a free weekly economics e-letter by best-selling author and renowned financial
expert, John Mauldin. You can learn more and get your free subscription by visiting www.mauldineconomics.com
To the credit of the Chinese leadership, they recognize the problem. They are attempting to do something
that no country (to my knowledge) has done before, and that is to let the air out of their debt bubble in a
controlled manner before it bursts, while simultaneously rebalancing the national economy toward a more
sustainable growth path (which dramatically increases the chances of the bubbles bursting). When the true
nature and magnitude of Chinas dilemma is properly understood, it is quite easy for Homo economicus
occidentalis to predict disaster. However, Western economists would also have said what China has done
over the last three decades wasnt possible to do the way they have done it, so perhaps we should refrain
from saying that what theyre attempting to do now is impossible.
What I will say is that I dont think it is likely that they can transition from a debt-fueled economy to a
consumer-driven one without suffering a serious slowdown at minimum. The odds are clearly in favor
of a sharp, hard landing or else a Japanese-style stagnation in the coming years but miracles are always
possible.
Whether or not the official data will ever acknowledge the severity of Chinas adjustment is beside the
point. Even if Xi Jinping and the State Council manage to guide the economy through to a successful
rebalancing without an economic collapse, its still likely that China will shake the world. Chinese
purchases of a variety of commodities are going to decline and in some cases collapse outright, as
commodity-intensive old China sectors such as infrastructure, real estate, and mining give way to
commodity-light new China sectors like technology, services, and consumption. Despite the fact that
this slowdown is already in progress, most commodity-exporting countries and businesses are still not
prepared for such an eventuality.
It would be nice if Prime Minister Modi could get the bureaucracy of India under control in short order
and India could take over as the commodity-buying growth engine of the world, but that is simply not
realistic. While Modi may eventually succeed, it is not going to be an overnight process. Thus we are left to
assume that there is going to be a significant adjustment in world growth.
China is a mystery to most investors, but it is central to an understanding of the global economy. My
colleague Worth Wray and I are wrapping up an anthology on China, with contributions from some of the
true experts on China from around the world. Our plan is to publish the book electronically on Amazon,
iTunes, and Barnes & Noble for a relatively low price. Hopefully it will be out in February.
If Im going to keep my New Years resolution, I need to close here. We will take up the remaining
components of our tsunami next week, and maybe even dip our toes into a more typical annual forecast, or
at least those elements of one that I have some clue about.
Cincinnati, the Cayman Islands, Zurich, and Florida
I see Cincinnati, Grand Cayman, Zurich, and Florida on my schedule. I will be in Cincinnati on the 13th
for the CFA forecasting dinner. Then in February its on to the Caymans. It has been awhile since I was
in the Cayman Islands, and this time Ill take a short hop over to Little Cayman to visit my friend Raoul
Pal for a few days. A brilliant macroeconomist and trader, Raoul has now based himself in Little Cayman,
although he frequently flies to visit clients. He is also a partner with Grant Williams in Real Vision
Television, a fascinating new take on internet investment TV. In March Ill be in Zurich (and maybe some
other parts of Europe) and then hop the pond back to Orlando. I know I have to get to NYC as well in that
period.
Thoughts from the Frontline is a free weekly economics e-letter by best-selling author and renowned financial
expert, John Mauldin. You can learn more and get your free subscription by visiting www.mauldineconomics.com
I should note that my friend Jack Rivkin has been on a roll in his economic and political blog. Jack is a
deep thinker of enormous breadth and is one of the most thought-provoking investment professionals I
know. I always look forward to spending time with him. He recently did his own list of potential economic
surprises, called What to Expect in 2015 and Beyond. Its designed to get you thinking about the risks
and opportunities in 2015 from a different perspective and to give you a peek at some potential tail risks.
Its not long, and youll find it well worth your time.
After my final look-through, I really must give myself a C in keeping this letter shorter. I hope I am more
successful with my other New Years resolutions, which involve losing that last bit of fat and reading more
books. I would also say that I want to travel less, but my travel schedule seems to be subject to the tyranny
of business demands and not to my personal whims.
I also intend to add this year to my culinary repertoire. I have never been able to make a decent piecrust.
In fact, my efforts can only be described as boring and pasty. I was recently invited to what turned out to
be a long, pleasant dinner at the home of Dr. Peter Raphael, a local celebrity surgeon; and as it turns out,
master chef is his true calling. He created an exquisite brie cheese appetizer with multiple layers of filo
dough and other delightful fillings. I think the same process, though very time-consuming and perhaps
needing a surgeons hands, would create the ultimate pie crust. Im also open to any old family recipes that
may be in your possession. Man cannot live by economics alone.
Its time to hit the send button. I truly hope that together we can make 2015 the best year ever. There are
lots of changes coming at Mauldin Economics that I hope will make a difference for the better in your life.
Your more excited than ever about the future analyst,
John Mauldin
Thoughts from the Frontline is a free weekly economics e-letter by best-selling author and renowned financial
expert, John Mauldin. You can learn more and get your free subscription by visiting www.mauldineconomics.com
10
Do you enjoy reading Thoughts From the Frontline each week? If you find it useful and valuable,
your friends, family, and business associates will probably enjoy it too.
Now you can send Thoughts From the Frontline to anyone. Its fast, its free, and we will never spam
your friends and family with unwanted emails.
Help spread the word. Click here.
Thoughts From the Frontline is a free weekly economic e-letter by best-selling author and renowned financial expert, John Mauldin. You can learn more
and get your free subscription by visiting http://www.mauldineconomics.com.
Please write to to inform us of any reproduction of Thoughts from the Frontline. Any reproduction must reference www.MauldinEconomics.com, keep
all embedded or referenced links fully active and intact, and include a link to www.mauldineconomics.com/important-disclosures. You may contact
[email protected] for more information about our content use policy.
Please write to [email protected] to inform us of any reproductions, including when and where copy will be reproduced. You must
keep the letter intact, from introduction to disclaimers. If you would like to quote brief portions only, please reference www.MauldinEconomics.com.
To subscribe to John Mauldins e-letter, please click here: http://www.mauldineconomics.com/subscribe
To change your email address, please click here: http://www.mauldineconomics.com/change-address
Thoughts From the Frontline and MauldinEconomics.com is not an offering for any investment. It represents only the opinions of John Mauldin and
those that he interviews. Any views expressed are provided for information purposes only and should not be construed in any way as an offer, an
endorsement, or inducement to invest and is not in any way a testimony of, or associated with, Mauldins other firms. John Mauldin is the Chairman
of Mauldin Economics, LLC. He also is the President of Millennium Wave Advisors, LLC (MWA) which is an investment advisory firm registered
with multiple states, President and registered representative of Millennium Wave Securities, LLC, (MWS) member FINRA and SIPC, through which
securities may be offered. MWS is also a Commodity Pool Operator (CPO) and a Commodity Trading Advisor (CTA) registered with the CFTC, as
well as an Intr oducing Broker (IB) and NFA Member. Millennium Wave Investments is a dba of MWA LLC and MWS LLC. This message may contain
information that is confidential or privileged and is intended only for the individual or entity named above and does not constitute an offer for or advice
about any alternative investment product. Such advice can only be made when accompanied by a prospectus or similar offering document. Past
performance is not indicative of future performance. Please make sure to review important disclosures at the end of each article. Mauldin companies
may have a marketing relationship with products and services mentioned in this letter for a fee.
Thoughts from the Frontline is a free weekly economics e-letter by best-selling author and renowned financial
expert, John Mauldin. You can learn more and get your free subscription by visiting www.mauldineconomics.com
11
Note: Joining the Mauldin Circle is not an offering for any investment. It represents only the opinions of John Mauldin and Millennium Wave
Investments. It is intended solely for investors who have registered with Millennium Wave Investments and its partners at www.MauldinCircle.com
or directly related websites. The Mauldin Circle may send out material that is provided on a confidential basis, and subscribers to the Mauldin Circle
are not to send this letter to anyone other than their professional investment counselors. Investors should discuss any investment with their personal
investment counsel. John Mauldin is the President of Millennium Wave Advisors, LLC (MWA), which is an investment advisory firm registered with
multiple states. John Mauldin is a registered representative of Millennium Wave Securities, LLC, (MWS), an FINRA registered broker-dealer. MWS
is also a Commodity Pool Operator (CPO) and a Commodity Trading Advisor (CTA) registered with the CFTC, as wel l as an Introducing Broker (IB).
Millennium Wave Investments is a dba of MWA LLC and MWS LLC. Millennium Wave Investments cooperates in the consulting on and marketing of
private and non-private investment offerings with other independent firms such as Altegris Investments; Capital Management Group; Absolute Return
Partners, LLP; Fynn Capital; Nicola Wealth Management; and Plexus Asset Management. Investment offerings recommended by Mauldin may pay
a portion of their fees to these independent firms, who will share 1/3 of those fees with MWS and thus with Mauldin. Any views expressed herein are
provided for information purposes only and should not be construed in any way as an offer, an endorsement, or inducement to invest with any CTA,
fund, or program mentioned here or elsewhere. Before seeking any advisors services or making an investment in a fund, investors must read and
examine thoroughly the respective disclosure document or offering memorandum. Since these firms and Mauld in receive fees from the funds they
recommend/market, they only recommend/market products with which they have been able to negotiate fee arrangements.
PAST RESULTS ARE NOT INDICATIVE OF FUTURE RESULTS. THERE IS RISK OF LOSS AS WELL AS THE OPPORTUNITY FOR GAIN
WHEN INVESTING IN MANAGED FUNDS. WHEN CONSIDERING ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENTS, INCLUDING HEDGE FUNDS, YOU SHOULD
CONSIDER VARIOUS RISKS INCLUDING THE FACT THAT SOME PRODUCTS: OFTEN ENGAGE IN LEVERAGING AND OTHER SPECULATIVE
INVESTMENT PRACTICES THAT MAY INCREASE THE RISK OF INVESTMENT LOSS, CAN BE ILLIQUID, ARE NOT REQUIRED TO PROVIDE
PERIODIC PRICING OR VALUATION INFORMATION TO INVESTORS, MAY INVOLVE COMPLEX TAX STRUCTURES AND DELAYS IN
DISTRIBUTING IMPORTANT TAX INFORMATION, ARE NOT SUBJECT TO THE SAME REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS AS MUTUAL FUNDS,
OFTEN CHARGE HIGH FEES, AND IN MANY CASES THE UNDERLYING INVESTMENTS ARE NOT TRANSPARENT AND ARE KNOWN ONLY
TO THE INVESTMENT MANAGER. Alternative investment performance can be volatile. An investor could lose all or a substantial amount of his or
her investment. Often, alternative investment fund and account managers have t otal trading authority over their funds or accounts; the use of a single
advisor applying generally similar trading programs could mean lack of diversification and, consequently, higher risk. There is often no secondary
market for an investors interest in alternative investments, and none is expected to develop.
All material presented herein is believed to be reliable but we cannot attest to its accuracy. Opinions expressed in these reports may change without
prior notice. John Mauldin and/or the staffs may or may not have investments in any funds cited above as well as economic interest. John Mauldin can
be reached at 800-829-7273.
Thoughts from the Frontline is a free weekly economics e-letter by best-selling author and renowned financial
expert, John Mauldin. You can learn more and get your free subscription by visiting www.mauldineconomics.com
12