Chapter 25 What Then Shall We Do?

1. The local high school in your hometown has a project where students are collecting water samples in
collaboration with the local university. This project is an example of a(n)
A. attempt to get high school students involved in environmental careers.
B. attempt to recruit students to the university.
C. early careers project.
D. environmental literacy project.
E. citizen science project.
Answer: E
Question Classification: Application

2. Which of the following is not an emphasis of the 1990 National Environmental Education Act?
A. The encouragement of college students to seek careers related to the environment.
B. Understanding among the general public about the relationships between humans and their environment.
C. Education to ensure that citizens are familiar with the environmental issues that they may read about in the
newspaper.
D. Education to make sure that there are specialists who are able to make appropriate decisions regarding
environmental issues and guide us into the 21st Century.
E. All of these are emphasized in the 1990 National Environmental Education Act.
Answer: D
Question Classification: Knowledge

3. Environmental literacy partly consists of being able to

A. read environmental science journals.
B. understand the basic principles of ecology.
C. write and publish in environmental journals.
D. carry out ecological models and experiments.
E. interpret environmental data from a citizen science project.
Answer: B
Question Classification: Knowledge

4. As more environment-oriented jobs become available, the number of students prepared for them is
A. staying the same.
B. increasing.
C. decreasing.
D. increasing dramatically.
E. slightly increasing.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Knowledge

5. On a national level, environmental job opportunities are

A. changing very little.
B. shrinking.
C. being exported overseas.
D. expanding.

E. good now but are expected to decrease in the next ten years.
Answer: D
Question Classification: Knowledge

6. Businesses are now willing to become green because doing so

A. improves their public image.
B. is expensive but makes good advertising.
C. saves money.
D. improves their image and saves money.
E. provides more jobs for recent college graduates.
Answer: D
Question Classification: Comprehension

7. Many businesses are exploring and adopting the design for the environment. Although some of the following
may occur as spin-offs, which response is the primary emphasis of the design for the environment?
A. Preventing environmental problems to save money and stay competitive in future markets.
B. Public relations about their environmental policies.
C. Recycling their products.
D. Hiring more environmental science and environmental studies graduates.
E. All of these are emphasized equally by businesses adopting and exploring the design for the environment.
Answer: A
Question Classification: Knowledge

8. The market for technology used in cleaning up environmental disasters and dirty industries is expected to be
especially large in
A. South Africa.
B. Eastern and Central Europe.
C. Central Africa.
D. the Amazon region.
E. the Northeast United States.
Answer: B
Question Classification: Knowledge

9. Which of the following events is probably the most significant in increasing the job market for environmentally
related careers?
A. The publics emphasis on recycling.
B. The high rate of extinction.
C. The Goals 2000 Education Act.
D. The shift of businesses to decrease their environmental impact.
E. The rate of population growth in developing countries.
Answer: D
Question Classification: Comprehension

10. The cost of litigation for past environmental oversights encourages many corporations to
A. prevent future pollution.
B. hire better lawyers.

C. dissolve their environmental departments.

D. decrease spending on environmental problems.
E. hire lobbyists to change the laws.
Answer: A
Question Classification: Comprehension

11. The growing trend resulting from an attempt to avoid the pressure to buy more stuff for more happiness is called
A. affluenza.
B. precycling.
C. voluntary simplicity.
D. life-cycle analysis.
E. conspicuous consumption.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Knowledge

12. The terms nontoxic, biodegradable, recyclable, natural, organic, and environmental friendly are used
A. as standards for merchandising environmental products.
B. as excellent indicators of products that do not harm the environment.
C. by advertising to sell products.
D. by the Blue Angels to endorse a product.
E. by the Green Party to endorse a product.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Knowledge

13. If you buy a product that is natural you can be assured that the product
A. is nontoxic to humans.
B. is better for the environment.
C. contains no harmful ingredients.
D. contains no pesticides.
E. None of these.
Answer: E
Question Classification: Comprehension

14. The German Blue Angel and US Green Seal are

A. a set of new environmental quality goals.
B. environmental endorsements of products.
C. measures of corporate responsibility.
D. newly established political parties.
E. public relation icons for the two federal governments.
Answer: B
Question Classification: Knowledge

15. Life-cycle analysis is useful because energy and environmental hazards are associated with _______ of products.
A. use as well as production
B. production but not use
C. both transport and production

D. production and use, but not disposal

E. production, transport, use, and disposal
Answer: E
Question Classification: Knowledge

16. In which of the following situations would it probably be less environmentally damaging for you to use paper
bags at the grocery store?
A. When paper bags are reused by the grocery store.
B. When I use plastic grocery bags for my trash instead of buying separate plastic trash bags.
C. When paper and plastic bags are both recycled.
D. None of these.
E. Both B and C.
Answer: A
Question Classification: Application

17. Making intelligent environmental decisions as a consumer

A. is impossible because there are so many green products and advertisements on the market.
B. is futile because it does not have an impact.
C. requires attention and is important in determining future actions by companies.
D. is something few people are interested in.
E. is relatively easy because of the information provided on labels.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Comprehension

18. The best way for us to be more efficient and to decrease our impact on natural resources is to
A. consume less energy and materials in the first place.
B. sort all recyclable materials before disposal.
C. reuse manufactured items such as shopping bags or clothing.
D. export more materials than we import.
E. make sure we dont litter and to recycle our paper and plastics.
Answer: A
Question Classification: Comprehension

19. Which of the following would use the most energy and natural resources?
A. Riding the bus to work instead of driving.
B. Refusing to buy disposable items.
C. Buying a new car every five years to ensure high fuel efficiency.
D. Buying fewer clothes and shoes.
E. All of these examples use about the same amount of energy.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Comprehension

20. Which of the following is a true statement?

A. If a product advertises that it will not hurt the environment it is better to spend the extra money to buy it.
B. Organic shampoos are better for the environment and for you.

C. Any business that goes to the considerable trouble of advertising itself as green can usually be counted on to be
environmentally conscious.
D. Buying fewer things is an important means of protecting the environment.
E. All of these are true statements.
Answer: D
Question Classification: Comprehension

21. Environmental groups for secondary and postsecondary (college) students help participants
A. come together to multiply the efforts of people with the same goals and ideals.
B. develop their organizational skills.
C. become deep ecologists.
D. learn how to become effective radical environmentalists.
E. Both A and B.
Answer: E
Question Classification: Knowledge

22. The group of 10 environmental organizations are most useful in

A. spearheading truly radical environmental change.
B. inspiring individual direct actions by all members.
C. having strong, respected, and organized influence on national environmental policy setting.
D. initiating student environmental activism on local environmental issues.
E. inspiring individual direct actions by at least half of all members.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Knowledge

23. The Sierra Club would probably have the philosophy that environmental problems __________ and Sea
Shepherd would probably view problems as ______________.
A. are environmental crises requiring immediate attention; situations that can be overcome by working with the
established system.
B. can be overcome by working with the established system; environmental crises requiring immediate attention.
C. in urban areas are of the most concern; equal whether they are in urban, suburban, or wilderness areas
D. Both the Sierra Club and Sea Shepherd would probably view problems as environmental crises requiring
immediate attention.
E. Both the Sierra Club and Sea Shepherd would probably view problems as situations that can be overcome by
working with the established system.
Answer: B
Question Classification: Comprehension

24. Philosopher Arne Naess used the term deep ecology to describe a(n)
A. intense emphasis on biocentrism that fosters a change in attitude and behavior toward environmental issues.
B. highly scientific approach in understanding ecological concepts.
C. widespread, popular movement in understanding environmental issues.
D. less serious approach compared to shallow ecology.
E. focused emphasis on the stewardship role of humans in the environment that fosters a change in attitude and
behavior toward environmental issues.
Answer: A
Question Classification: Knowledge

25. Shallow ecology is to ____ as deep ecology is to biocentrism.

A. dominion
B. ecofeminism
C. ecocentrism
D. biocentrism
E. anthropocentrism
Answer: E
Question Classification: Analysis

26. Social ecology is ________ deep ecology.

A. violently opposed to
B. greener than
C. less green than
D. more humanist than
E. very critical of
Answer: D
Question Classification: Comprehension

27. Which group below is most identified with direct action for environmental causes?
A. the Audubon Society
B. The Nature Conservancy
C. the Wise Use Movement
D. the Natural Resources Defense Council
E. Earth First!
Answer: E
Question Classification: Knowledge

28. Why would the group of 10 environmental organizations be criticized?

A. They are militant and extremist groups that lead to environmental revolutions.
B. They oppose most environmental protection.
C. They tend to compromise and cooperate with the establishment.
D. Their membership is small and they have focused and limited influence.
E. They support radical approaches in addressing environmental problems.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Comprehension

29. The Wise Use Movement

A. advocates complete environmental protection.
B. opposes most environmental protection.
C. advocates monkeywrenching.
D. is dedicated to buying land for wilderness preservation.
E. emphasizes comprehensive land-use planning to ensure that wetlands and other important ecosystems are
preserved and maintained.
Answer: B
Question Classification: Knowledge

30. How is the following viewpoint attempting to bias the reader?

Despite the frenzy of a few pseudo-scientists, there is no reason to believe there is a problem with genetic
recombination in our agricultural systems.
A. The writer is using language that ridicules the view that there is a real threat.
B. The writer is attempting to link environmental concerns with an unpopular political ideology instead of using
evidence.
C. The writer is using language that conveys emotion combined with evidence that is not referenced.
D. The writer is attempting to use reason and logic to convince the reader.
E. The writer is introducing extraneous information to divert attention from the important points.
Answer: A
Question Classification: Application

31. Which of the following is not an essential component of sustainable development?

A. Low birth and death rates.
B. Increasing reliance on renewable resources.
C. A marked decrease in military spending.
D. A broader sharing of the benefits of development.
E. All of these are components of sustainable development.
Answer: B
Question Classification: Comprehension

32. One of the essential factors in a sustainable future based on improving human well-being and protecting our
common environment is
A. technology transfer from developed to developing countries.
B. environmental and resource protection.
C. increased aid for developing countries.
D. a demographic transition to stabilized population growth for developing countries.
E. All of these.
Answer: E
Question Classification: Knowledge

33. If a national leader is talking about meeting the needs of our present populations without risking the ability of
future generations to meet their needs in her speech to the nation, she is describing
A. a free market-based philosophy of economic development.
B. an economic-based approach to development.
C. sustainable development.
D. ecodevelopment.
E. green design.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Comprehension

34. Which of the following would probably not be a focus of a NGO?

A. Creating and enforcing national environmental laws.
B. Initiating radical or innovative development strategies.
C. Greening major international corporations.
D. Applying large funds to steering international policies.

E. All of these are examples of what a NGO would emphasize and take part in.
Answer: A
Question Classification: Comprehension

35. The country with the biggest, best-established political Green Party is
A. China.
B. Canada.
C. Germany.
D. Brazil.
E. the United States.
Answer: C
Question Classification: Knowledge

36. Which of the following is best to avoid when writing to your elected officials?
A. Be polished, use the right key words and type your letter.
B. Write about at least two issues to make the letter worthwhile.
C. Follow-up with positive comments or thanks when your issues are supported.
D. Write a letter that is approximately one and a half pages long.
E. All of these are important practices when writing a letter.
Answer: B
Question Classification: Comprehension

37. How powerful are e-mail letters to legislators?

A. Extremely powerful, representatives do not get much mail about issues and one e-mail can have great impact.
B. Relatively powerful because the majority of legislators (and aides) read all of their e-mail messages.
C. Worthless because legislators (and aides) do not read their e-mail messages.
D. More powerful than writing a letter because the e-mail is instant, and the letter takes a few days to arrive.
E. It is not clear how powerful e-mail correspondence is, it may be like form letters, where a high number of mailing
is noticed.
Answer: E
Question Classification: Comprehension

38. Which of the following statements is true?

A. The best thing about sustainable development is that it is carried out without significant investments of
technology.
B. Nongovernmental organizations have become significant players in international environmentalism and
development.
C. No important international agreement has ever been violated once the international community passed it.
D. Public concern about environmental protection is always higher where pollution is most severe.
E. The best thing about sustainable development is that it is carried out without significant investments of money.
Answer: B
Question Classification: Comprehension

39. The values of respect for all life, ecosystem protection and restoration, human rights, equitable sharing of
resources, and democratic decision-making are all components of the
A. 1979 Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution.

B. 2001 Earth Charter principles.

C. 1989 Accord on Chlorofluorocarbon Emissions.
D. 1945 establishment of the United Nations.
E. 2001 World Trade Organization Millennium Agenda.
Answer: B
Question Classification: Knowledge

40. Affluenza is a term coined by some social critics for the current drive to possess more and more stuff.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A
Question Classification: Knowledge

41. Lohas consumers take environmental and social issues into account when they buy something.
A. True
B. False
Answer: A
Question Classification: Knowledge

42. Conservation International is a NGO that carries out well publicized confrontations.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Question Classification: Knowledge

43. As a rule, the majority of the Greens in Germany are intolerable of members who are willing to compromise to
accomplish important goals.
A. True
B. False
Answer: B
Question Classification: Knowledge

Short Answer and EssayQuestions

44. Describe ten things you can do to reduce consumption (2 points for each accurate action).
Note: For questions that are objective with definite right or wrong answers rather than develop a scoring guide it is
much more direct and simple to assign points for each component.

45. Identify the sources of bias in the following statements by unpacking the argument. Be sure you are explicit in
identifying bias (identify words, analyze the conclusions, name the type of logical fallacy and error if appropriate,
etc.).
The environmentalist wackos have also tried to criminalize much of the food we eat in an effort to change our eating
habits on the basis of very flimsy evidence. Remember when they said that oat bran would reduce cholesterol?

Although that was disproved, people who were skeptical about those claims at the time, such as myself, were derided
for daring to question the dogma.
15 =
Accurately identified all biased words; Accurately identified all logical fallacies and errors; Appropriately
analyzed the conclusions; Communicated effectively with a well written analysis
10 =
Accurately identified most biased words; Accurately identified most logical fallacies and errors;
Appropriately analyzed the conclusions; Communicated effectively with a fairly well written analysis
5=
Accurately identified at least one biased word; Accurately identified at least one logical fallacy and error;
Appropriately analyzed at least one conclusion; Communicated with a poorly written analysis
0=
Did not accurately identify any biased words; Did not accurately identify any logical fallacies and errors;
Did not accurately analyze conclusions; Communicated with a very poorly written analysis