Rod Loading of Reciprocating Compressors
Rod Loading of Reciprocating Compressors
Rod Loading of Reciprocating Compressors
Purdue e-Pubs
International Compressor Engineering Conference
1978
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Herrick/Events/orderlit.html
1. GENERAL
b. Gas Load
Figure 3 shows the gas load developed in a double
acting 12.5" diameter 6" stroke cylinder operating
from 100 psig suction pressure to 250 psig discharge
pressure. The gas load on each end of the piston is
determined by finding the pressure inside each end of
the cylinder at various points in the stroke. This can
be accomplished by approximating the compression
process as an adiabatic process and using the relationship P2 = P] (V]/V2)k. This pressure is then multiplied by the respective piston areas to give the head
end and crank end gas loads. The total gas load is
then found by adding the H. E. gas load and C. E. gas
load. Figure 3 also indicates that the total gas load
for a double acting cylinder contains a reversal.
(1) The net load applied to the crossheod pin bushing is found by the algebraic summation of the inertial load and the total gas load. Figure 4 illustrates the net rod load developed by the double
acting 12.5" cylinder as well as the inertial and
gas loads which comprise this rod load. Notice
in Figure 4 that a load reversal of some 160 duration exists in every crankshaft revolution.
Inertial Load
73
inertial load and the gas load, We certainly must evaluate how changes in each effect the rod load.
b. Reciprocating compressors operating with nonreversing loads are highly subject to bushing domoge.
Many post instances hove shown that a bushing con
foil within a very few minutes while operating under
non-reversing loods, The foiled bushing, such os the
one shown in the Photograph No. 1 & l~ wi'tl exhibit
severe wiping scars and scratches over approximately
120 of its I . D. and moy very possibly show discoloration from overheating. This damage, which is
characteristic of lubrication absence, will appear in
the direction of the applied non-reversing load, or in
the direction of the dominant load if the reversal is
marginal.
74
(d) Decreased cylinder clearance will increase the volumetric efficiency and increase
the gas load. In single acting situations,
increased gas load will reduce the reversal;
and in small diameter double acting cylinders,
the increased gas load will expand the reversal.
f. High cylinder pressures are a natural for nonreversing rod loads. They usually mean high gas
loads, small cylinder bores, and sometimes single
acting operation- all of which are susceptible to
non-reverse Is.
6. CALCULATIONS
7. SUMMARY
The purpose of this discussion was to provide a thorough
understanding of rod loads and their effects. While gas
loads and external rod loads can be used as a general
guide, they alone do not completely define the actual
rod load. Each job must be analyzed to control the rod
load within the machine capabilities such that a satisbctory reversal is achieved. The tools provided here
will help you to recognize the non-reversing possibilities
and how to avoid their occurrence.
75
TABLE!
SUPERIOR COMPRESSORS
ROD LOAD LIMITS
COMPRESSOR
MODEL
W6
35,000
35,000
30,000
MW6
40,000
40,000
35,000
76
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78
!NERTIAL LOADS
2
INE!l.TIAL LOAD = 1.4208 x 10-5(WT)(ST)(RM}
\VHERE:
[cos
+ ~L (1 - 2 SIN Q~
RL
Q
CYLINDETl.:
''lT:
ST:
ru~:
RL:
- 9 0 0 RP!-1
l'l'PM
"'-INERTIA L LOADS
14.5 -
- - -
- - 500 RPJ:i
-...]
1.0
~15
0
n{I)
{I)
~-20
-25
-30
150
-35.--~
___L__
2100
120
_L_
2400
.i.__
J._
,)00
--l .
270
JOQO
330
900
CRANK ANGLE
FIGURE
60
00
,3600
WHERE:
s::
1o-5(WT)(ST)(ruo~) 2
@os 9 + ~
(1 - 2 SIN
900 RPH
,...
RL
E-<
~
' '// /4
WT:
ruo~:
C"''
.-1
RL:
><
ST:
INERTIAL LOADS
900 RPM
14.5 IN.
6 IN.
150
1200
900
60
30
oo
;_i!
2~00
240
2700
J00
JJOO
.3600
.........
OJ
0
900 RPIf
250LBN
,....'\..
//
CYLINDER:
.- - - -- 300 LBlI
, "'
RM =RPM
0
.-I
g]
,/'
/
'7
/
/
-.35
---- -- --
-----
.--
_.......-
150 .
120
900
6o0
300
ao
210
240
270
JOQO
JJOO
J60
CRANK ANGLE
FIGURE 2
'c
'c=;.
~
CXI
1-4
CEI
~ DC
150
I
210
90
00
270
.360
~-15
.0
.-~
In
!II
~-2
-2
-3
150
120
90
2100
2400
2700
1800
= 250 PSIG
~
r-1
K
PDisch,
CE GAS LOAD
,.....
= 100 PSIG
CRANK ANGLE
FIGUnE .3
-00
.3000
CE
GAS
LOAD
PSuct.
201---
'...
n
!/)
= 100
PSIG
PDisch,
= 250
PSIG
'
,:::
Q)
E-<15
~
~
1'""'1
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~CE
------
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120
'
iDC
300
240
8
o-5
g
300
--
:no
120
l
240
cow
l
JQOO
FIGURE lf
00
---
CRANK AUGLE
900
270
....
7
/
150
330
,,
'..../
-351
'
. -=-:-A;po
I
3)0:0
00
I
.360
= 100
PSIG
PDisch.
= 250
PSIG
20
~
a
(()
E-<
CE GAS LOAD
15:
...... 1ol-
<'6
.-I
><
!
5~
/-'.
~7"/
~y
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60
..-:;
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........
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.......
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CD
....-;
\,
JOO
-15l-
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a!
---
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~
0
-25-
-JO
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8 -5~
.~
'::::--......................
HEDC
J00
,,
HE GAS LOAD
150
2100
120
~oo
<JPO
600
270
CRANK ANGLE
FIGUilE 5
-~oo
JJOO
oo
J60
CE GAS LOAD
INERTIAL
LOAD
--- ...,..-
_......
.......
--
QO
CP
11>0
HE GAS
ioAi:l
-15
n
lll
~-20
8'
0
0
-25
-J518Qo .
150
120
900
21d 0
2AQ0
270
. 60
CRANK ANGLE
FIGURE 6
JQOO
30
00
330
3600
30
25
!/).-~20
i)
E-o
15 ~
~1+
~ 5~
co
V1
,~
!;i!
~eEl
1~0o ---~~;Tno~
S
-=----=--- --- ---;;;:;"}_,..
'1~---/
-5
r--~~..
-=-"";::-~
DE
r.- - -
210
0
g
_____
00
9QO
- _:__::>--~
-
-10
C)(
- - -3000
-----6o0
_.,/
...........
~'
-:7
----
........
........
::::....
-15
.-I
(/)
m20
g.
0
~25 -30
J5
180
1500
120
--- __ [Do
2100
24QU
270
60
__ L
300
CRANK ANGLE
FIGURE .7
30
oo
25
..... 20
!ll
......-------
s-t
15 t-
-....-----~-
10
c2:'K
r-t
. . . ._ -.......
-5
120
240
90
'
~ DC
Q
....
- .
~'b'
1$0 ....,.,
......... CE
", '-
::1
0\
.....
~
OJ
- -- -
~--:;,/
--------::...---~~
---.--;::
;,:;:::: ;..----
--
609.--300
--
-~
~- --r;ET ROD LOAD
.
.
SACE - 500 RPU
oo
)j0
-10
-15
!':
0
.-I
!I)
m-20
i-25
-30
-35
1j0
120
180
210
240
[0
6o0
270
300
CRM!K ANGLE
FIGURE
30
I
00
!
330
3600
PHOTOGRAPH NO. 1
87
PHOTOGRAPH NO, lA
88
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