Macrophage and Osteoblast Response To Micro and Nano Hydroxyapatite - A Review
Macrophage and Osteoblast Response To Micro and Nano Hydroxyapatite - A Review
Macrophage and Osteoblast Response To Micro and Nano Hydroxyapatite - A Review
INTRODUCTION
Bone is an extremely dynamic
tissue, formed by the precipitation of
hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals on organic
protein matrix. HA crystals are formed when
the body cells tend to store calcium and
phosphorus in the extracellular matrix. The
CELLULAR RESPONSE ON HA
The
non-toxic
and
natural
degradation of HA make it an ideal
candidate for in vivo application39. However
the modes of synthesis have been found to
be associated with the degradation in vitro
and in vivo. The HA which was deposited
by ion-beam technique was less degradable
when compared to the HA coated via plasma
spray deposition technique in vitro. It should
be noted that the rapid degradability of the
implanted material will lead to shortening
the longitivity of the implant40. Hence HA
coated via ion-beam technique is more
stable. The in vivo study does not show any
significant difference in degradability but
the adhesiveness of the osteoblast was
reported to be higher in Ion beam deposited
HA coating41. In a comparative study
performed by Nausa et al performed on the
tissue response to two synthetic HA which
differ in their crystallinity (20% and 70%),
there was no significant difference in the
quality and quantity of the inflammatory
cells at the implanted site in vitro42. HA
which are highly crystalline are chemically
Figure 1: FESEM images of (a) 20nm, (b) 80nm and (c) micro-HA.
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