Power Quality Analyzer: Instruction Manual

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
3196
POWER QUALITY
ANALYZER
i
Contents
Contents
Introduction.................................................................................1
Symbols......................................................................................1
Outlook of Operating Procedures...............................................2
Chapter 1
Overview ___________________________________ 3
1.1
1.2
Product Overview .........................................................3

Features .......................................................................4
Chapter 2
Key Explanations and Screen Configuration _____ 9
2.1
2.2
Key Explanations .........................................................9

Screen Names and Configurations ............................11
2.2.1
2.2.2
2.2.3
Common Display Areas .................................................12

Screen Configurations ...................................................16
Screen Details ...............................................................20
Chapter 3
Connections _______________________________ 37
3.1
Connection Diagram ..................................................39
Chapter 4
Making System Settings (SYSTEM Screen) _____ 43
4.1
4.2
Using the SYSTEM Screen ........................................43

Checking the Connection ...........................................45
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.3
Making System Settings .............................................49

4.3.1
4.3.2
4.3.3
4.4
Main Settings ................................................................49

Recording Settings ........................................................59
Hardware Settings .........................................................59
Event Settings Screen ................................................63

4.4.1
4.5
Confirming the Connection Diagram .............................45

Checking the Connection ..............................................47
Measurement Settings ..................................................63
Load/Save Screen ......................................................64
ii
Contents
Chapter 5
Using Waveforms, Vectors, DMMs, and Bar Graphs
(VIEW Screen)______________________________ 65
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
Using the VIEW Screen ............................................. 65

Waveform Display ..................................................... 67
Vector Display ........................................................... 70
DMM Display ............................................................. 73
Harmonics Display ..................................................... 74
5.5.1
5.5.2
Harmonics Bar Graph ................................................... 74

Harmonics List Screen .................................................. 76
Chapter 6
Using the Time Series Graph (TIME PLOT Screen) 79
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
Using the TIME PLOT Screen ................................... 79

Time Plot Settings ..................................................... 81
Changes in RMS Value ............................................. 89
Changes in Voltage ................................................... 93
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.5
6.6
Graphing Voltage Fluctuations for Each Interval .......... 93

Graphing Voltage Fluctuations for Events .................... 96
Changes in Harmonics ............................................ 100

Flicker ...................................................................... 104
6.6.1
6.6.2
6.6.3
6.6.4
6.6.5
IEC Flicker Meter and V10 Flicker Meter .................. 104

IEC Flicker Graph ....................................................... 107
IEC Flicker List ............................................................ 110
V10 Flicker Graph ..................................................... 111
V10 Flicker List ......................................................... 114
Chapter 7
Using Events (EVENT Screen) _______________ 115
7.1
7.2
7.3
Using the EVENT Screen ........................................ 116

Event Detection Method .......................................... 118
Event Settings ......................................................... 121
7.3.1
7.3.2
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
Voltage/Power Event Settings .................................... 122

Harmonics Event Setting ............................................ 126
Event List Display .................................................... 127

Analyzing Event Occurrences ................................. 130
Analyzing Transient Waveforms .............................. 131
Event Monitor Display .............................................. 134
iii
Contents
Chapter 8
Using the External Control Terminals _________ 135
8.1
8.2
8.3
Connecting to the External Control Terminal ...........136

Event Input Terminal (EVENT IN) ............................137
Event Output Terminal (EVENT OUT) .....................138
Chapter 9
Loading and Saving Settings and Measured Data139
9.1
9.2
Using the Internal Memory .......................................140

Using a PC Card ......................................................141
9.2.1
9.2.2
9.2.3
9.2.4
Selecting a PC Card ....................................................141

Inserting and Removing the PC Card ..........................142
File Types ....................................................................143
Saving and Loading Files ............................................145
Chapter 10
Using a Printer ____________________________ 155
10.1 Setting the Printer ....................................................155
10.2 Printing Hard Copies ................................................156
Chapter 11
Using the PC______________________________ 157
11.1 Remote Control and Monitoring Using an RS-232C
Interface ...................................................................158
11.1.1 Connecting a Modem ..................................................159
11.1.2 Setting the 3196 ..........................................................160
11.1.3 Setting the PC .............................................................161
11.2 Control and Monitoring Using a LAN Interface .........165

11.2.1 Connecting the 3196 ...................................................166
11.2.2 Setting the 3196 ..........................................................166
11.2.3 Setting the PC .............................................................170
11.3 HTTP Server Function .............................................172

11.3.1 Overview .....................................................................172
11.3.2 Setting the HTTP Server Function ..............................173
Chapter 12
Specifications_____________________________ 177
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
Product Specifications ..............................................177

Measurement Specifications ....................................181
Setting Functions .....................................................191
Formulae ..................................................................196
iv
Contents
Appendix ________________________________ 209

Measurement Range and Nominal Voltage........................... 209
TIME PLOT Recording Method ............................................. 211
Event Waveform Recording Method...................................... 212
Detecting Anomalies and Phenomena Due to Drops in
Power Quality ........................................................................ 213
Terminology........................................................................... 214
V10 Flicker Text Time-sequence Data-header Composition222
IEC Flicker Text Time-sequence Data-header Composition . 222
Text Event Waveform Data Format Composition .................. 222
Text Voltage Fluctuation Event Data Format Composition.... 222
Text Event Data-format Composition .................................... 223
Contents of Automatic Setting of Events (thresholds) ........... 224
Event Recording Sequence (Priority Order) .......................... 226
Block Diagram (Analog)......................................................... 227
Block Diagram (Digital).......................................................... 228
Introduction
The 3196 Quick Start Manual accompanies this device.
Refer to this guide for precautions, information about connecting peripheral
devices, connection methods, and measurement methods.
The present Instruction Manual mainly deals with how to make screen settings and how to set peripheral devices.
A clamp-on sensor (optional) is required to measure electrical currents with
this device.
For more details, refer to the Instruction Manual of the clamp-on sensor
that you are using.
For detailed information on the EN50160, see the Instruction Manual for
EN50160.
Symbols
Indicates that incorrect operation presents a possibility of
injury to the user or damage to the product.
Indicates advice about product performance and operations.
Indicates references.
Indicates quick references for operations and troubleshooting remedies.
Indicates that the explanation of a technical term is at the

bottom of the page.
Indicates the explanation of a technical term.
Outlook of Operating Procedures

Indicates the purpose
of the settings.
Indicates the screen name

selected with the DF key.
Indicates operation keys.
Indicates the name of an item displayed

on the screen.
Displays the item selected in the drop-down

list box accompanied by an explanation.
3
1.1 Product Overview
Chapter 1
Overview
1.1 Product Overview
The 3196 POWER QUALITY ANALYZER detects power line anomalities and analyzes power line quality.
Need for power supply
quality analysis
Electric power liberalization

Power electronics application devices
Large arc heaters, large rectifiers
3196
Cooperative system with independent

power
Alternative energy (solar, wind power, gas turbine, etc.)
Correctly analyze abnormal phenomena

Analysis can be performed by correlating measurement items with
particular standard characteristics to ascertain the causes of power
line anomalies.
Continuous long-term monitoring and recording

Power line anomalies often occur intermittently, so they must be captured when an anomaly occurs, along with its type and intensity.
Remote control
The type and time of occurrence of anomalies can be instantly determined through a variety of interfaces (RS-232C, LAN, printer and
modem).
Public circuit
Modem
Modem
3196
Ethernet
3196
PC
3196
4
1.2 Features
1.2 Features
Safe design
Designed to comply with safety standard EN61010-1:2001.
Supports a variety of power lines

Measures single-phase 2-wire, single-phase 3-wire, three-phase 3wire and three-phase 4-wire systems.
An extra input channel is provided for uses such as measuring power
lines of a second system, for direct voltage measurement or for measuring a neutral line.
Simultaneous measurement of multiple elements

of power supply quality
Multiple power supply quality parameters can be selected as desired
for simultaneous measurement.
1. High speed voltage quality parameter
Transient overvoltage (impulse)
2. RMS voltage quality parameters
Voltage swell (surge), voltage dip (sag), voltage interruption
3. Power quality parameters
Frequency, voltage, current, active power, apparent power, reactive
power, power factor (displacement power factor)
4. 3-Phase quality parameters
Voltage unbalance factor, current unbalance factor
5. Harmonic quality parameters
Harmonic voltage, current and power; inter-harmonic voltage and
current; harmonic voltage and current phase angle; total harmonic
voltage and current distortion factors (THD-F, THD-R); total interharmonic voltage and current distortion factors (THD-F, THD-R)
6. Other parameters
K factor, flicker
High-speed impulse detection and waveform display

function
Four voltage channels are sampled at 2 MS/s, so high-speed detection
and waveform display can be performed at up to 0.5 s and high voltage (2000 Vpk transient overvoltage (impulse)).
5
1.2 Features
V10 Flicker, IEC flicker measurement

Select either IEC flicker (Pst, Plt) regulated by international standards,
or V10 Flicker commonly used in Japan, and measure with power
quality parameters.
-Y and Y- conversion functions provided
-Y conversion can be performed on three-phase 3-wire systems, and

Y- conversion can be performed on three-phase 4-wire systems. In
either case, line-to-line voltage or phase-to-neutral voltage display is
available.
Up to one month continuous measurement

Data is saved to internal memory during the measurement period.
Use of a PC card enables continuous measurement for more than one
month.
Time plot graph display

Fluctuations in various power quality parameters are displayed in time
plot graphs.
Calculated maximum, average and minimum values for each interval
are displayed.
Event detection functions

1. Event detection using preset threshold settings
Events exceeding thresholds are detected by setting thresholds for
various power quality parameters.
Up to 100 events can be saved to internal memory.
Up to 1000 events can be saved on PC card.
Events that occur simultaneously are correlated and treated as a
single event.
2. Event Analysis
Confirm when and what kind of events have occurred from the
Event List.
Each event can be analyzed using waveforms, vectors, harmonic
bargraph and related parameter values.
3. External input and output of events
A signal can be output when an event occurs. Also, an externally
applied signal can be set to be recognized as an event.
Easy-to-see TFT color LCD

The display is a 6.4-inch (640 x 480 dot) high-contrast, wide-viewingangle TFT color liquid crystal display. The screen is easy to see in
both bright and dark environments, and is capable of showing many
power quality parameters at the same time.
6
1.2 Features
RS-232C and LAN interfaces provided

Connect a PC, printer or modem for remote control and data output.
PC Card interface provided

Measurement and event data can be preserved by saving to a PC
Card.
Setting conditions and measurement data can be stored and read
back using a PC Card.
Six selectable display languages

Select the display language from Japanese, English, German, French,
Spanish or Italian.
Nickel-Metal-Hydride battery pack supplied

The Ni-MH battery backs up internal data when power is off.
When fully charged, data is backed up for 30 minutes when power is
turned off.
Compact and light weight

The compact size and light weight allows installation even in limited
space, such as in a cubicle.
Carrying case options for portability

The optional cases allow measurements to be taken without removing
the instrument. Choose from a light-weight soft case or water-resistant hard case.
A choice of optional clamp-on sensors

Select either the 9660 CLAMP ON SENSOR (100 A rms rating), the
9661 CLAMP ON SENSOR (500 A rms rating), the 9667 FLEXIBLE
CLAMP ON SENSOR (500/ 5000 A rms rating), or the 9669 CLAMP
ON SENSOR (1000 A rms rating), 9694 CLAMP ON SENSOR (5 A
rms rating).
Control instrument settings and data acquisition by

Web browser
HTTP server functions are built in
Instrument settings and data acquisition can be controlled by common
Internet Web browsers like Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator.
7
1.2 Features
Control instrument settings and data acquisition by

Web browser
HTTP server functions are built in
Instrument settings and data acquisition can be controlled by common
Internet Web browsers like Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator.
PC application software (option) for analyzing a large

volume of data
By using the optional 9624 PQA-HiVIEW or 9624-10 PQA-HiVIEW
PRO, a large volume of long-term measurement data recorded on a
PC card can be analyzed.
Remotely downloaded application software provided

By using the Down96 download application supplied with the product,
data in the main unit can be downloaded from a distant location via
LAN or RS-232C (modem).
EN50160-compliant evaluations
Conforms to the European standard EN50160 (Voltage characteristics
of electricity supplied by public distribution systems) and suitable for
evaluation of the voltage quality of a power system.
For detailed information on the EN50160, see the Instruction Manual
for EN50160.
8
1.2 Features
9
2.1 Key Explanations
Key Explanations and Screen
Chapter 2
Configuration
Front Panel
Display
6.4-inch, TFT color
LCD display
DF1 to DF4 keys

Press these Display Function
DF keys to select the type of display.
"Front Panel Enhanced
View"(page 10)
SYSTEM/ VIEW/ TIMEPLOT/

EVENT key
Select the screen type according to

the intended usage
"Front Panel Enhanced
View"(page 10)
DATA HOLD key

DATA RESET key
START/STOP key
Cursor keys
ENTER key
Used to set the

contents of items
that are selected or
modified.
F1 to F4 keys
Select or change display
or setting items.
ESC key
Ignores selected or changed items and returns the

original setting.
POWER LED
This lamp lights when the power is on.
HARD COPY key
Powered by AC adapter: Lit green

Powered by battery pack: Lit red
Prints a screen image, or outputs

the screen image as a file to a PC
Card.
10
Front Panel Enhanced View

SYSTEM key
Displays the [SYSTEM]screen (for selecting display of system settings).
VIEW key
Displays the [VIEW]screen (for selecting an Analysis view)
TIME PLOT key

Displays the [TIME PLOT]screen (for selecting
the time plot graph).
EVENT key
Displays the [EVENT]screen (for selecting events).
DATA HOLD key

Temporarily stops display of measured values.
Press again to cancel. While recording, display of the
measured value can be stopped for confirmation.
DATA RESET key

All measurement data is erased from internal memory.
Press this key to reset before restarting recording.
START/STOP key
Starts and stops recording.
To start recording, press the DATA RESET key
to reset the data, then press this key.
Cursor keys
These keys move the cursor on the screen.
Use to scroll the TIME PLOT screen.
DF1 to DF4 keys (Display function)

Select a screen to display from the selected screen type: SYSTEM, VIEW, TIME PLOT or EVENT.
The screen selections are as follows:
[SYSTEM]screen.......... Wiring diagram, Main settings, Event settings, Load/Save, etc.
[TIME PLOT]screen ..... RMS fluctuations, Voltage fluctuations, Harmonic fluctuations,
Flicker display, etc.
[VIEW]screen ................ Waveforms, Vectors, DMM, Harmonic display, etc.
[EVENT]screen ............ List, Monitor, etc.
11
2.2 Screen Names and Configurations

Power ON
Each screen type (SYSTEM, VIEW, TIMEPLOT and EVENT) displays the
following information in response to the DF keys.
Screen
Selection
WIRING
WIRING
VECTOR
WAVE
VOLT/CURR
VOLTAGE
CURRENT
RMS
1 ELEMENT
2 ELEMENT
EVENT
LIST
MONITOR
MAIN
MEASURE
RECORDING
HARDWARE
VECTOR
VOLTAGE
INTERVAL
EVENT
EN50160 *
Over View
EVENT
VOLTAGE
POWER
HARMONICS
DMM
POWER
VOLTAGE
CURRENT
HARMONICS
HARM
INTERHARM
EN50160 *
Harmonics
Signaling
Events
LOAD/SAVE
MEMORY
PC-CARD
HARMONICS
GRAPH
LIST
FLICKER
GRAPH
LIST
EN50160 *
Setting1
Setting2
Setting3
* Used when the EN50160 function is ON.
Display
Selection
[SETTING]
Internal Status
Indicator
Other Displays
[RECORDING]
[ANALYZING]
12
2.2.1 Common Display Areas

The display elements common to all screens on the 3196 are as follows.
Top of Screen
Interface & Hold/Lock
Indicators*4
Indicates interface usage and
HOLD/LOCK status.
Screen Selection*1
Indicates the screen type selected by the corresponding key.
SYSTEM Settings
Indicators*5
Memory Usage
Indicators*3
Displays the contents specified

in
MEASURE
Level meters indicate the usage

status of internal memory and
flash ATA card.
Internal Status
Indicator*2
Indicates the current internal operating status.
Number of repeated
recording operations*6
The number of repeated recording operations currently
set will be indicated.
Bottom of Screen
Help Comment Display
Shows a brief description of the item at the cursor position on the SYSTEM screen.
Power Supply Indicator

Indicator
Power supply status
White/ Red
Powered by AC adapter
Battery pack is charging
White/ White
Powered by AC adapter
Installed Battery Pack
White
White
Powered by battery pack

Powered by battery pack, but charge is low.
Time Display
Shows the current
time.
13
*1:Screen Selection Display

[SYSTEM]screen...............
[VIEW]screen ....................
[TIME PLOT]screen ..........
[EVENT]screen .................
*2:Internal Operating Status Display

One of [SETTING], [RECORDING]([WAITING] until preset
time to start measuring), or [ANALYZING] is displayed to
indicate the internal status of the instrument.
The internal status is changed by pressing START/STOP to
start/stop recording.
Real-time
measurement
Display
Internal status description
Recording status
[SETTING]
When turned on, there is no recorded data in the Possible

instrument
[WAITING]
Waiting until a preset start time to begin measuring
Possible
[RECORDING] Recording has started and measurement data
Possible
Recording in progress
Possible
Recording finished
Preparation for recording

(not recording)
is being saved to the instruments internal memory (and perhaps to a PC Card)
[ANALYZING]
Recording has finished and the instrument is

ready for analysis of the measurement data in
internal memory
Normal Measurement
[SETTING]
[RECORDING]
Measurement starts
[ANALYZING]
Measurement finished
Measurement with Specified Time Settings

[SETTING]
[WAITING]
[RECORDING]
Starts measurement at the

measurement start time.
[ANALYZING]
Finishes measurement at
the measurement end
time.
If the preset measurement start time has already passed, measurement starts immediately.
14
*3:Memory Usage Indicators

INTERNAL MEMORY: Internal memory
PC CARD MEMORY: ATA flash card
TIME PLOT related data capacity
Measurement stops when memory becomes full.
(Selectable Stop/Continuous)
Total capacity: 5 MB
INTERNAL MEMORY
Up to 100 EVENT data sets can be stored

After 100 events are stored, the earliest are overwritten.
Total capacity: 8 MB
*4:Status Icons
Interface usage status indicators
Indicates the printer is ready for use.
Indicates the modem is ready for use.
Indicates the LAN interface is ready for use.
HOLD/LOCK status indicators
Indicates the DATA HOLD key has been pressed to
activate the Data Hold function.
Indicates the KEY LOCK switch has set to lock the
keys.
PC card status display
Lights when the PC Card is being accessed.
*5: SYSTEM settings display

Voltage/Current Range
Frequency of Measured
Line
Red Indication: means the meaRed Indication: means out of range surement frequency is different
In this case, increase the range set- from the line frequency
ting.
Measurement Line type

Set on the SYSTEM screen
CH4 Voltage measurement function

(AC/ DC/OFF)
PT(VT)/CT Ratio
[SC] (scaling):Appears when the PT
or CT ratio has been set.
[(Not displayed)]: when the PT and
CT ratios are both 1.
PLL Sync Frequency source

Indicates red when no input is applied at the
selected source.
15
*6: Number of repeated recording operations

When the repeated recording function is set, the number of repeated
recording operations currently set will be indicated.
Repeated recording operations can be conducted up to 99 days at
one-day measuring intervals, and up to 99 weeks at one-week measuring intervals.
The measured data file of repeated recording is saved as a separate
binary file for each one-day or one-week period on the PC card.
16
2.2.2 Screen Configurations

For a detailed description of each screen, see 2.2.3 "Screen Details", and for information
about how to make settings, see the references on the right.
SYSTEM Screen
4.2 "Checking the Connec-
WIRING
tion"(page 45)
WIRING
VECTOR
Displays connection diagrams.

You can confirm the connections of
the voltage cord and clamp sensors.
4.2.1 "Confirming the Con-
Displays voltage and current vector

diagrams.
You can check the oscillation and
phase.
4.2.2 "Checking the Connec-
nection Diagram"(page 45)
tion"(page 47)
4.3 "Making System Set-
MAIN
tings"(page 49)
MEASURE
RECORDING
HARDWARE
Set the connection, voltage and current ranges, PT and CT ratios, and
clamp sensors.
4.3.1 "Main Settings"(page
Make time settings, such as the

measurement start and end times,
and intervals.
6.2 "Time Plot Settings"(page
Make hardware settings, such as the

display language, beep, screen
color, clock, as well as make RS232C and LAN settings.
4.3.3 "Hardware Set-
POWER
HARMONICS
81)
tings"(page 59)
7.3 "Event Settings"(page
EVENT
VOLTAGE
49)
121)
Set the threshold for events, such as

transient, swell, dip, and interruption.
7.3.1 "Voltage/Power Event
Set the threshold for events, such as

voltage, current, distortion factor for
power and unbalance factor.
7.3.1 "Voltage/Power Event
Set the threshold for harmonics

events.
7.3.2 "Harmonics Event Set-
Settings"(page 122)
Settings"(page 122)
ting"(page 126)
Chapter 9 "Loading and Sav-
LOAD/SAVE
ing Settings and Measured

Data"(page 139)
MEMORY
PC-CARD
You can read and save internal

memory settings and measured
data.
9.1 "Using the Internal Mem-
You can read and save PC card settings and measured data.
9.2 "Using a PC Card"(page
ory"(page 140)
141)
17
VIEWScreen
Screen
VIEW
5.2 "Waveform Display"(page
WAVE
67)
VOLT/CURR
Displays voltage and current waveforms.

You can display entire waveforms or
enlarged parts of waveforms.
VOLTAGE
Displays 4 channels of voltage waveforms.
CURRENT
Displays 4 channels of current waveforms.
VECTOR
Displays voltage and current vector

diagrams. Displays the numerical
value for RMS and the unbalance
factor.
5.3 "Vector Display"(page 70)
5.4 "DMM Display"(page 73)
DMM
POWER
Displays voltage, current, active

power, reactive power, apparent
power, and power factor values.
VOLTAGE
Displays voltage, voltage unbalance

factor, and total voltage distortion
values.
CURRENT
Displays current, current waveform

peak value, current unbalance factor,
and the total current distortion values.
5.5 "Harmonics Dis-
HARMONICS
play"(page 74)
GRAPH
Displays the voltage, current, and

active power bar graphs simultaneously.
LIST
Displays the harmonics list selected

from voltage, current, or active
power.
18
TIME PLOT Screen

6.3 "Changes in RMS
RMS
1 ELEMENT
You can select one measurement

item and display RMS time series
graphs for each measurement interval of 200 ms.
2 ELEMENT
You can select two measurement

items and display RMS time series
graphs for each measurement interval of 200 ms.
Value"(page 89)
6.4 "Changes in Volt-
VOLTAGE
INTERVAL
Displays a time series graph for the

voltage measured in one waveform
shifted over half a wave for each
measurement interval.
EVENT
Displays a half wave-shifted, 10-second time series graph for a voltage

event in a single waveform.
age"(page 93)
6.5 "Changes in Harmon-
HARMONICS
HARM
You can select 6 orders and display

it in a harmonics time series graph.
INTERHARM
You can select 6 orders and display

the inter-harmonics.
ics"(page 100)
6.6 "Flicker"(page 104)
FLICKER
GRAPH
Displays a time series graph for IEC

flicker or V10 flicker.
LIST
Displays a list of IEC flicker or V10

flicker statistics.
19
EVENT Screen
EVENT
LIST
MONITOR
Displays the contents of events in

the event list.
7.4 "Event List Dis-
Displays an LED on the monitor display when an event occurs.
7.7 "Event Monitor Display"(page 134)
See the Instruction Man-
EN50160
Over View
play"(page 127)
Displays judgment results for all

measurement items, in accordance
with the EN50160.
ual for the EN50160
See the Instruction Man-
EN50160
Harmonics
Displays detailed judgment results

for harmonics, in accordance with
the EN50160.
Signaling

for signaling voltage, in accordance
with the EN50160.
Events

for events, in accordance with the
EN50160.
ual for the EN50160
See the Instruction
EN50160
Setting1
Sets the wiring, voltage range, PT

ratio, nominal voltage, and thresholds of transient, swell, dip, and interruption, in accordance with the
EN50160.
Setting2
Sets the thresholds of frequency,

voltage fluctuation, flicker, unbalance
factor, THD, signaling voltage, in
accordance with the EN50160.
Setting3
Sets the thresholds of harmonic

waveform, in accordance with the
EN50160.
Manual for the

EN50160
20
2.2.3 Screen Details

WIRING
Press
SYSTEM Screen
to switch the display screen.
WIRING
4.2.1 "Confirming the Connection Diagram"(page 45)
Connection diagram corresponding to

the connection method
Displays (the connection methods for the
voltage cord and clamp and) the voltage
value, current value, and active power
value for each channel.
When the display value is

wrong(page 46)
VECTOR
4.2.2 "Checking the Connection"(page 47)
Displays the vector diagrams of voltage

and current so that you can check the
vectors.
This allows you to determine the RMS
levels and phase differences between
channels.
Setting tolerance levels(page 47)

Tolerance levels are wrong(page
48)
21
MAIN
Press
SYSTEM Screen
MEASURE
4.3.1 "Main Settings"(page 49)
You can make basic measurement settings for the following.
RECORDING
Connection method
Voltage and current ranges
PT and CT ratios
Clamp sensor
Nominal voltage
Measured frequency
PLL source
Calculation method
Flicker
EN50160
and so on
6.2 "Time Plot Settings"(page 81)
You can make recording settings for the

following.
TIME PLOT (time series) data selection
Measurement interval
Auto-save to the PC card
Real-time control
Measurement start and end times
Repeated recording
and so on
HARDWARE
4.3.3 "Hardware Settings"(page 59)
You can set the following hardware information.
Display language
Beep
Screen color
Clock settings
RS-232C
Automatic hard copy
LAN
and so on
22
EVENT
Press
SYSTEM Screen
VOLTAGE
7.3.1 "Voltage/Power Event Settings"(page 122)
Select the event triggers and set the

thresholds.
You can set the following as events.
Transient
Swell
Dip
Interruption
Frequency
Voltage waveform comparison
POWER
7.3.1 "Voltage/Power Event Settings"(page 122)

thresholds.
Voltage and current RMS values
Voltage and current waveform peak
values
Active power
Reactive power
Apparent power
Power factor
K factor
Voltage and current distortion factors
Voltage and current unbalance factors
HARMONICS
7.3.2 "Harmonics Event Setting"(page 126)

thresholds.
Voltage, current, and power harmonics
Harmonics phase difference angle
23
LOAD/SAVE
Press
SYSTEM Screen
MEMORY
9.1 "Using the Internal Memory"(page 140)
Displays the settings file list stored in

this devices internal memory.
You can load and save settings using
this devices internal memory.
PC-CARD
9.2 "Using a PC Card"(page 141)
Displays the list of files stored on the

PC card.
You can load the measured data files
and settings files stored on the PC
card to the 3196, and then save them
to the PC card again.
24
WAVE
Press
VIEW Screen
VOLT/CURR
5.2 "Waveform Display"(page 67)
Displays voltage and current waveforms for channels, depending on how

they are connected.
Displays 10 waveforms at 50 Hz, and
12 waveforms at 60 Hz.
By scrolling when an event is selected,
you can display 14 waveforms at 50 Hz
and 16 waveforms at 60 Hz.
VOLTAGE
Displays voltage waveforms for channels, depending on how they are connected.
When three-phase 4-wire is selected,
you can display voltage waveforms for
4 channels to identify the degree of
phase rotation of each channel.
CURRENT
Displays current waveforms for channels, depending on how they are connected.
When three-phase 4-wire is selected,
you can display current waveforms for
4 channels to identify the degree of
phase rotation of each channel.
25
VECTOR
Press
VIEW Screen
VECTOR
5.3 "Vector Display"(page 70)
Displays voltage and current vectors

for channels, depending on how they
are connected.
You can display each order (1st to 50th
order) for harmonic analysis as a vectors and simultaneously display the
harmonic (RMS value or phase angle)
and unbalance factors as numerical
values.
For phase angle display, you can select 180 display or 360 lag display.
Example screen: Displays vectors for
4, 3P4W (three-phase four-wire) channels.
26
DMM
Press
VIEW Screen
POWER
You can display the following items on

the DMM display.
Voltage (U)
Current (I)
Active power (P)
Reactive power (Q)
Apparent power (S)
Power factor (PF) or displacement
power factor (DPF)
Displays numerical values for channels, depending on how they are connected.
Example: Displays 4, 3P4W (threephase four-wire) channels on the DMM
display.
VOLTAGE

the DMM display.
Voltage
Total voltage distortion
Voltage waveform peak
Average voltage value
Voltage unbalance factor
Displays numerical values for channels
on the DMM display, depending on
how they are connected.
display.
CURRENT

the DMM display.
Current
Total current distortion
Current waveform peak
Average current value
Current unbalance factor
Displays numerical values for channels
on the DMM display, depending on
how they are connected.
display.
27
HARMONICS
Press
VIEW Screen
GRAPH
5.5.1 "Harmonics Bar Graph"(page 74)
Displays a bar graph for the harmonics

and inter-harmonics.
Displays three bar graphs for the voltage, current, and active power simultaneously.
LIST
5.5.2 "Harmonics List Screen"(page 76)
Displays a list of the harmonics and inter-harmonics.

Displays the list and distortion of the
selected display items simultaneously.
28
RMS
Press
TIME PLOT Screen

1 ELEMENT
6.3 "Changes in RMS Value"(page 89)
You can display the fluctuation graph

of a single RMS value selected from
the following.
Frequency
Voltage
Current
Active power
Apparent power
Reactive power
Power factor
K factor
Harmonic voltage distortion factor
Harmonic current distortion factor
RMS values are calculated *1 in the
3196 at 200 ms intervals without gaps.
The maximum, average, and minimum values are detected using the
multiple 200 ms interval RMS values
included in the set interval, and the
display changes.
2 ELEMENT
6.3 "Changes in RMS Value"(page 89)
You can display a fluctuation graph for

two RMS values selected from the following.
Frequency
Voltage
Current
Active power
Apparent power
Reactive power
Power factor
K factor
Harmonic voltage distortion factor
Harmonic current distortion factor
*1: Calculated without gaps.Continuous RMS value
calculations at
200 ms intervals (50 Hz: 10 waveforms, 60 Hz: 12
waveforms).
No waveforms are missed during the recording interval.
RMS values are calculated *1 in the

3196 at 200 ms intervals without any
gaps.
The maximum, average, and minimum
values are detected from the multiple
200 ms interval RMS values included in
the set interval, and the display changes.
29
VOLTAGE
Press
TIME PLOT Screen

INTERVAL
6.4 "Changes in Voltage"(page 93)
Displays a voltage fluctuation graph

used to calculate the swell, dip, and interruption.
Voltage is calculated for one waveform
shifted over half a wave.
The maximum and minimum values
are detected from the multiple voltage
values included in the set interval, and
the display changes.
You can also display S(t) (when IEC
flicker is selected) or U (when DV10
flicker is selected), either of which indicates the voltage deviation with respect to nominal voltage.
EVENT
6.4.2 "Graphing Voltage Fluctuations for Events"(page 96)
Displays the voltage fluctuation graph

for a voltage swell, dip, or interruption
event.
The result of calculation for a single
half wave-shifted waveform is displayed without alteration as a voltage
fluctuation graph.
Pre-trigger is fixed to 0.5 second and
recording length to 10 seconds.
Although only one fluctuation graph is
stored in internal memory, you can
read multiple fluctuation graphs by
using a PC card.
30
HARMONICS
HARM
TIME PLOT Screen

6.5 "Changes in Harmonics"(page 100)

a single harmonic selected from the
following.
Harmonic voltage (RMS value, content percentage, and phase angle)
Harmonic current (RMS value, content percentage, and phase angle)
Harmonic power (RMS value and
phase difference)
You can select 6 orders to be displayed simultaneously from orders 1 to
50 for the basic wave.
Recorded data is not displayed unless
it is shown in P&Harm or ALL DATA in
[SYSTEM]-DF2[RECORDING].
INTERHARM
6.5 "Changes in Harmonics"(page 100)

a single inter-harmonic selected from
the following.
Inter-harmonic voltage
(RMS value and content percentage)
Inter-harmonic current
(RMS value and content percentage)
You can select 6 orders to be displayed simultaneously from 0.5th to
49.5th order.
Recorded data is not displayed unless
it is shown in P&Harm or ALL DATA in
[SYSTEM]-DF2[RECORDING].
31
FLICKER
GRAPH
TIME PLOT Screen

Displays a graph for IEC flicker or V10 flicker

IEC Flicker
Displays a fluctuation graph for IEC
flicker (Pst, Plt).
The graph is updated every 10-minute,
regardless of the interval that is set for
[SYSTEM] - DF2 [MAIN] - [RECORDING].
This is only displayed if Pst, Plt is selected for flicker in [SYSTEM] - DF2
[MAIN] - [MEASURE].
V10 Flicker
Displays a fluctuation graph for V10

flicker.
The graph is updated once a minute, regardless of the interval that is set for
[SYSTEM] - DF2 [MAIN] - [RECORDING].

This is only displayed if V10 is selected for flicker in [SYSTEM] - DF2
[MAIN] - [MEASURE].
32
FLICKER
LIST
TIME PLOT Screen

Displays a list for IEC flicker or V10 flicker

IEC Flicker
Displays the IEC flicker (Pst, Plt) values in a list.
Pst (short interval voltage flicker)
Plt (long interval voltage flicker)
The list is updated every 10-minute.
This is only displayed if Plt, Pst is selected for flicker in [SYSTEM] - DF2
[MAIN] - [MEASURE].
V10 Flicker
Displays the V10 statistics below in a
list.
The maximum value over one hour
for V10 Flicker
The fourth maximum value over one
hour for V10 Flicker
The average value over one hour for
V10 Flicker
Overall maximum value for V10
Flicker
The statistics are updated once an
hour.
This is only displayed if V10 is selected for flicker in [SYSTEM] - DF2
[MAIN] - [MEASURE].
33
EVENT
LIST
EVENT Screen
7.4 "Event List Display"(page 127)
Displays events in a form list. You can

confirm the time and type of event that
occurred.
By selecting an event with the cursor,
you can make a detailed analysis of
the event in the VIEW Screen.
You can select the time sequence and
priority sequence for the list display
method.
MONITOR
7.7 "Event Monitor Display"(page 134)
You can monitor if any events occurred

and how many of each type of event.
EN50160
EVENT Screen
Over View
Displays judgment results for all measurement items, in accordance with the
EN50160.
34
EN50160
EVENT Screen
Harmonics
Displays detailed judgment results for
harmonics, in accordance with the
EN50160.
Signaling
signaling voltage, in accordance with
the EN50160.
Events
events, in accordance with the
EN50160.
35
EN50160
EVENT Screen
Setting1
Sets the wiring, voltage range, PT ratio, nominal voltage, and thresholds of
transient, swell, dip, and interruption, in
Setting2
Sets the thresholds of frequency, voltage fluctuation, flicker, unbalance factor, THD, signaling voltage, in
Setting3
Sets the thresholds of harmonic waveform, in accordance with the EN50160.
36
37
Chapter 3
Connections
For details about connection precautions, Refer to the Quick Start Manual.
1. Connecting to the 3196 POWER QUALITY ANALYZER
Attach the Strap.
Install the battery pack.
*If unnecessary, go to step 2.
2
Rear
Connect the AC adapter and power

cord.
Connect the Wiring Adapter (optional).
Connect the voltage cord.
Connect the clamp sensor.
Turn on the 3196.
When not connecting the Wiring Adapter, go

to step 5.
Top view
(Use the input cord label.)
(Use the input cord label.)
Before connecting to the

power line that you want to
measure, make sure that you
perform steps 1 to 7.
Connect to the power line that you

want to measure. (to the next page)
38
2. Connecting to the target power line.

WIRING
Advanced
settings
MEASURE
Set the connection method, nominal

voltage, and frequency.
4.2 "Checking the Connection"(page 45)
While consulting the connection

diagram, connect the voltage cord
and clamp sensor to the power line
that you want to measure.
Confirm the present connection status.

(voltage, current, and active power on each
channel)
4.2.1 "Confirming the Connection
Diagram"(page 45)
VECTOR
Check the connection status and

set the tolerance levels.
(Check the oscillation and phase for the voltage and current in the vector.)
4.2.2 "Checking the Connection"(page 47)
Result
OK
Chapter 4 "Making System Settings
(SYSTEM Screen)"(page 43)
Chapter 5 "Using Waveforms, Vec-
Depending on your application,

make recording and event settings.
tors, DMMs, and Bar Graphs (VIEW

Screen)"(page 65)
Chapter 6 "Using the Time Series
Graph (TIME PLOT Screen)"(page

79)
Chapter 7 "Using Events (EVENT

Screen)"(page 115)
NG
Go to 2
Measurement/analysis
39
3.1 Connection Diagram

Single-phase 2-wire (1P2W)
A: Line, N: Neutral, G: Ground
Load side
Source side
Red
Gray
LOAD
SOURCE
A
Black
N
Black
G
U- U+
U- U+ U- U+ U- U+
CH1
CH2
CH3
CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4
U INPUT
I INPUT
Face the arrow toward the Load
CH4
Ground line
measurement, etc.
U1=100 V
I1=15 A
U4=10 V
I4=1.5 A
Single-phase 3-wire (1P3W)
A: Line, N: Neutral, G: Ground
Load side
Source side
Red
Gray
LOAD
SOURCE
A
Black Black
N
Yellow
Black
G
U- U+
U- U+ U- U+ U- U+
CH1
CH2
CH3
U INPUT
CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4
I INPUT
U1=U2=100 V
I1=I2=15 A
U4=10 V
I4=1.5 A
CH4
Neutral line
measurement, etc.
40
Three-phase 3-wire (3P3W2M)

A, B, C: Lines
Load side
Source side
Red
LOAD
SOURCE
A
Black Black
B
Yellow
C
U- U+
U- U+ U- U+ U- U+
CH1
CH2
CH3
U INPUT
CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4
I INPUT
CH4
U1=U2=200 V
I1=I2=50 A
C
U2
I2
I1
U1
Three-phase 3-wire (3P3W3M)

A, B, C: Lines
Source side
Load side
Red
Yellow
LOAD
SOURCE
A
Black
B
Black
Blue
Black
U- U+
U- U+ U- U+ U- U+
CH1
CH2
CH3
U INPUT
CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4
I INPUT
U1=U2=U3=200 V
I1=I2=I3=50 A
C
U2
I2
I3
I1
U1
U3
CH4
41
Three-phase 4-wire (3P4W)

A, B, C: Lines, N: Neutral, G: Ground
Load side
Source side
Red
A
B
LOAD
SOURCE
Yellow
Blue
C
Black Black Black
Gray
Black
U- U+
U- U+ U- U+ U- U+
CH1
CH2
CH3
U INPUT
CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4
CH4
I INPUT
Neutral line
measurement, etc.
Face the arrow toward

the Load
U1=U2=U3=115.5 V
I1=I2=I3=50 A
U4=0 V
I4=0 A
2 systems
1 system and DC power supply

A: Line, N: Neutral
A: Line, N: Neutral
Load side
Source side
U- U+
U- U+ U- U+ U- U+
CH1
CH2
CH3
U INPUT
CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4
I INPUT
CH4
Used for separate system
Gray
Black
U- U+
U- U+ U- U+ U- U+
CH1
CH2
CH3
U INPUT
CH1 CH2 CH3 CH4
I INPUT
CH4
LOAD
SOURCE
Black
LOAD
SOURCE
Used for separate system
Load side
Source side
Gray
42
43
4.1 Using the SYSTEM Screen
Making System Settings

(SYSTEM Screen)
Chapter 4
1.
Confirm the connection diagram.
2.
Check the connection vectors.
3.
Confirming the Connection Diagram (page 45)

Checking the Connection (page 47)
Make system settings.

Making System Settings (page 49)
Make other settings in the SYSTEM screen.
Event Settings Screen (page 63)
Using Events (EVENT Screen) (page 115)
Load/Save Screen (page 64)
Loading and Saving Settings and Measured Data (page 139)

Switching screen display
You can make settings for this devices system on the SYSTEM
screen.
SYSTEM screen selector
Display screen selector
WIRING
4.2 "Checking the Connection" (page 45)
MAIN
4.3 "Making System Settings" (page 49)
EVENT
7.3.1 "Voltage/Power Event Settings" (page 122)
7.3.2 "Harmonics Event Setting" (page 126)
LOAD/SAVE
9.2.4 "Saving and Loading Files" (page 145)
About the screen configuration
2.2.2 "Screen Configurations"(page 16)
2.2.3 "Screen Details"(page 20 to 23)
The SYSTEM screen is made up of a number of screens that correspond to the DF1 to DF4 (DF: display function) keys.
If you press a DF key, the screen corresponding to that key appears.
Each time you press the same DF key, the display changes.
44
Screen operations depending on the internal operation status

Screen operations are limited according to the internal operation status.
z: Possible on all screens

: Possible in some screens only
Internal operation status
Display
Settings
[SETTING]
[RECORDING]
[ANALYZING]
[RECORD-
[SETTING]
[ANALYZ-
What is the relationship

between the operation status
and key operations?
[RECORDING]
The
key does not
start recording during
[ANALYZING] operation!
Changing settings while

[RECORDING] or
[ANALYZING] is displayed?
Return to the setting

mode from analysis
Start recording
CAUTION!
Pressing
erases all data stored in internal memory.
During [RECORDING]
operation:
During [ANALYZING]
operation:
[SETTING]
[SETTING]
In either case, data stored in internal memory is erased.
45
4.2 Checking the Connection

4.2.1 Confirming the Connection Diagram
Example: 3P4W (three-phase four-wire)
WIRING
WIRING
Setting the connection method (page 45)

Setting the nominal voltage (page 46)
Setting the measured frequency (page 46)
Setting the connection method
WIRING
Wiring
Select from pulldown menu
Confirm
Cancel
1P2W
1P3W
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
3P4W
To measure single-phase two-wire power lines

To measure single-phase three-wire power lines
(using the 2 power meter method)
(Use this when measuring three-phase power with 2spot current measurement only.)
To measure three-phase three-wire power lines
(using the 3 power meter method)
To measure three-phase four-wire power lines
46
Setting the nominal voltage
WIRING
U Reference
(Nominal voltage)
100 V, 101 V, 110 V, 120 V, 200 V, 202 V, 208 V, 220 V, 230 V,

240 V, 277 V, 346 V, 380 V, 400 V, 415 V, 480 V, 600 V,
VARIABLE
Nominal voltage affects channels 1 to 3.
Confirm
Cancel
Setting the measured frequency
WIRING
Frequency
(Measured frequency)
50 Hz, 60 Hz
Confirm
Cancel
1. When the voltage or current display value is lower than

expected
The voltage value is low:
When the display value

is wrong Is the voltage clip connected to the power line being tested?
Is the voltage cord inserted in the voltage connector?
The current value is low:

Is the clamp-on sensor inserted in the devices current connector?
2. When the active power display value is negative

Is the voltage cord of the channel displaying the negative value connected properly?
Is the arrow (printed on the clamp) on the clamp-on sensor for the
channel displaying the negative value pointing to the loaded side?
3. When the voltage display value differs from the expected

value of three-phase connections
Are the phase-to-neutral voltage and line-to-line voltage (voltage calculation methods) selections different?
"Voltage calculation method settings" (page 54)
47
4.2.2 Checking the Connection

WIRING
VECTOR
You can check the voltage and current vectors of each connection
method.
When tolerance levels are set and the voltage or current falls outside
these levels, check and correct the connection.
When the input level is 50% or less of range, a marker is appended
to the perimeter of the current vector to make it recognizable.
Setting tolerance levels
VECTOR
Phase
Level
U/I Angle
Phase
Tolerance level of each phase in the phase

range
1 to 30
Level
Tolerance level of each phase in the RMS

value range
1 to 30%
Set the voltage relative to the nominal voltage,
and the current relative to the range.
U/I Angle
Tolerance level of current phase differences in
(Phase range)
(Oscillation
range)
Confirm
Cancel
(UI phase differ- relation to voltage

ences)
-60 to 60
48
1. When the RMS voltage value is wrong
Is the voltage clip properly connected to the power line being tested?
Is the voltage cord inserted correctly in the voltage connector?
Tolerance levels are

wrong 2. When the voltage phase angle is wrong
Is the voltage cord connected properly?

Are the colors on the voltage input terminal and the voltage cord the
same?
3. When the RMS current value is wrong

Is the clamp-on sensor properly inserted in the devices current connector?
4. When the current phase angle is wrong

Is the arrow on the clamp sensor pointing towards the load?
Are the current input terminal and clamp sensor connected properly?
49
4.3 Making System Settings

4.3.1 Main Settings
MAIN
MEASURE
Connection method settings (CH 1, 2, 3) (page 50)

Connection method settings (CH 4) (page 50)
Clamp sensor settings (page 51)

Voltage and current range settings (page 51)
PT and CT ratio settings (page 52)
Nominal voltage settings (page 52)
Measured frequency settings (page 53)
PLL source settings (page 53)
Voltage calculation method settings (page 54)
Harmonic calculation method settings (page 54)
THD calculation method settings (page 55)
Power factor calculation method settings (page 55)
Flicker calculation settings (page 56)
Voltage recording method settings (page 56)
IEC flicker filter settings (page 57)
V10 flicker measurement channel settings (page 57)
EN50160 settings (page 58)
50
Connection method settings (CH 1, 2, 3)
MEASURE
Wiring
To measure single-phase two-wire power lines

1P2W
1P3W
3P3W2M To measure single-phase three-wire power lines (using
Confirm
the 2 power meter method)

(Use this when measuring three-phase power with 2spot current measurement only.)
3P3W3M To measure three-phase three-wire power lines (using
the 3 power meter method)
To measure three-phase four-wire power lines
3P4W
Cancel
Connection method settings (CH 4)
MEASURE
Wiring
OFF
AC
DC
Confirm
Cancel
Set when you are not using channel 4.

Set when measuring the voltage of neutral lines or other
systems.
Set when measuring DC power lines.
When set to DC, the voltage of a DC power line can be measured.

Regardless of the setting, current can be measured only in AC
power lines.
Even when you set DC, the 0 order harmonic cannot be displayed.
51
Clamp sensor settings
MEASURE
Clamp
Confirm
Cancel
0.1mV/A, 1mV/A 9661, 9660, 10mV/A 9694, 100mV/A,

5000A 9667, 500A 9667, 1000A 9669
Set the output rate (the output voltage to input current ratio) of the
clamp sensor you are using.
Settings of the optional clamp on sensor:
1mV/A 9661 Use the 9661 CLAMP ON SENSOR
9660 Use the 9660 CLAMP ON SENSOR
10mV/A 9694 Use the 9694 CLAMP ON SENSOR
5000A 9667
500A 9667
1000A 9669
Use the 9667 FLEXIBLE CLAMP ON SENSOR

(5000 A range)
Use the 9667 FLEXIBLE CLAMP ON SENSOR
(500 A range)
Use the 9669 CLAMP ON SENSOR
Voltage and current range settings
MEASURE
U Range
I Range
Confirm
Cancel
Channel
123ch
4 ch (AC)
4 ch (DC)
150 V, 300 V, 600 V

60 V, 150 V, 300 V, 600 V
60 V, 600 V
(Voltage range)
Clamp settings
0.1mV/A
1mV/A 9661
9660
10mV/A 9694
100mV/A
5000A 9667
500A 9667
1000A 9669
500A, 5000A
50A, 500A
50A, 100A
5A, 50A
0.5A, 5A
500A, 5000A
50A, 500A
100A, 1000A
(Current range)
The range that can be selected depends on the clamp you

choose.
The ranges of channels 1 to 3 (CH 1, 2, 3) are the same. You cannot
set ranges separately for each channel.
Set the voltage range higher than the set nominal voltage. The accuracy of this device is guaranteed for values measured within 1% to
110% of the set range.
The 9694 is designed for 5 A. It can be used in the 50-A range, but the
accuracy specification only applies to the 5-A range.
52
PT and CT ratio settings
MEASURE
PT Ratio
V(PT )Ratio VARIABLE, 1, 60, 100, 200, 300, 600, 700, 1000,
CT Ratio
CT Ratio
Confirm
Cancel
2000, 2500, 5000

VARIABLE, 1, 40, 60, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 300,
400, 600, 800, 1200
You can set the optional PT(VT) and CT ratios within the 0.01 to
9999.99 range.
When setting Optional:
Moving between values
: Moves up through
the values
: Moves down through

the values
Setting value
: Increases the value
: Lowers the value
When measuring on the secondary side of high-voltage and special high-voltage power lines, you can use this to convert the voltage and current values of the primary side.
Nominal voltage settings
MEASURE
UReference
(Nominal voltage)
Confirm
Cancel
100 V, 101 V, 110 V, 120 V, 200 V, 202 V, 208 V, 220 V, 230 V,

240 V, 277 V, 346 V, 380 V, 400 V, 415 V, 480 V, 600 V,
VARIABLE
Nominal voltage is effective for channels 1 to 3.
You can set the optional nominal voltage within the 50 to 600
range.
When setting Optional:
Moving between values
: Moves up through
the values
: Moves down through

the values
Setting value
: Increases the value
: Lowers the value
Nominal voltage settings use dip, swell, and interruption threshold

settings as references and reference voltage for U.
53
Measured frequency settings
MEASURE
Frequency
50 Hz, 60 Hz
Confirm
Cancel
Set the frequency used for internal processing.
Be sure to note that the calculation result, particularly for harmonics,
will be incorrect, if the setting deviates from the nominal frequency of
the measuring line.
If set to 50 Hz, 10 waveforms are used to calculate harmonics, and if
set to 60 Hz, 12 waveforms are used to calculate harmonics.
If the PLL unlocks due to power failure or another reason, sampling
synchronous at the set frequency is internally generated for calculation.
PLL source settings
MEASURE
PLL Source
U1, U2, U3
The PLL source is the source used to measure frequencies.
The frequency measurement range is 42.500 Hz to 69.000 Hz.
Confirm
Cancel
54
Voltage calculation method settings
MEASURE
U CalcType
Confirm
Cancel
PHASE-N (phase-to-neutra voltage)

LINE-LINE (line-to-line voltage)
It is possible to switch to phase-to-neutral voltage or line-toline voltage only when the connection method is 3P3W3M
(three-phase three-wire three power meter method) or 3P4W
(three-phase four-wire).
With 3P3W3M:
Normally, line-to-line voltage (LINE-LINE) is measured, but this
can be converted to phase-to-neutral voltage (PHASE-N) with
internal processing on the 3196. The line-to-line voltage is processed so that the center of the triangle that created the threephase line-to-line voltage becomes the neutral point.
With 3P4W:
Normally, phase-to-neutral voltage (PHASE-N) is measured, but
this can be converted to line-to-line voltage (LINE-LINE) with internal processing on the 3196.
Harmonic calculation method settings
MEASURE
Harm Calc
(Harmonic calculation)
LEVEL
(RMS value)
% of FND
(Proportions)
Confirm
Cancel
Displays the harmonic RMS voltage or the harmonic RMS current.

Displays the harmonic component of each order
around the fundamental wave (the proportion of
harmonic voltage or harmonic current).
55
THD calculation method settings
MEASURE
THD Calc
(THD calculation)
THD_F The ratio of total harmonics to fundamental wave.

THD_R The ratio of total harmonics to total harmonics, fundamental wave included.
Confirm
The selected THD calculation method is valid for both harmonic voltage and harmonic current.
Cancel
What is THD?
THD (Total Harmonic Distortion) indicates the total harmonic distortion factor.
Power factor calculation method settings
MEASURE
PF Type
PF
DPF
Power factor
Displacement power factor
Confirm
Cancel
What is a power factor?

The PF (power factor) is the active power to apparent power ratio. Since calculations include all the frequency components, the greater the harmonic current becomes, the smaller the power factor
becomes.
The DPF (displacement power factor) is the cosine of the phase difference between the fundamental
wave voltage and the fundamental wave current. It is only calculated using fundamental wave components and does not include harmonic wave components.
56
Flicker calculation settings
MEASURE
Flicker
Confirm
Cancel
Flicker measurement is not used.

OFF
Pst,Plt IEC flicker is measured.
V10 V10 flicker is measured.
V10 flicker can only be measured on one of voltage channels

U1, U2 or U3. The measurement source is the channel that is
selected for flicker measurement.
Voltage recording method settings
MEASURE
TimePlot U
Urms Records the voltage rms value

Records the flicker value instantly.
S(t)
U
(Pst, Plt is selected for Flicker)

Records the deviation with respect to the nominal RMS voltage.
(V10 is selected for Flicker)
Confirm
The data recorded is reflected in the voltage fluctuation time plot.
Cancel
57
IEC flicker filter settings
MEASURE
Filter
120V lamp, 230V lamp

Select a lamp system filter defined in IEC 61000-4-15.
This setting is available only when Pst, Plt is selected for
Flicker.
Confirm
Cancel
V10 flicker measurement channel settings
MEASURE
Flicker CH
Confirm
Cancel
U1, U2, U3
V10 flicker can only be measured on one of channels U1, U2
or U3.
This setting is available only when V10 is selected for Flicker.
58
EN50160 settings
MEASURE
EN50160
Confirm
Cancel
ON
OFF
Perform evaluations conforming to the EN50160.

Do not perform evaluations conforming to the EN50160.
The EN50160 (Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by

public distribution systems) is a voltage-quality evaluation
method used in Europe. It supports evaluations of 230-V 50Hz power systems only.
For detailed information on the EN50160, see the Instruction
Manual for EN50160.
59
4.3.2 Recording Settings
MAIN
RECORDING
Types of settings to record data 1 (page 82)

Settings when the memory is full (page 83)
Setting intervals (page 84)
Setting Auto-save (page 85)
Setting real-time control (page 85)
Setting measurement start/stop time (page 86)
Setting the repeated recording (page 87)
Setting the number of repeated recording (page 88)
For details, see 6.2 "Time Plot Settings" (page 81).
4.3.3 Hardware Settings
MAIN
HARDWARE
Version information (page 60)

Display language settings (page 60)
BEEP settings (page 60)
Screen color settings (page 61)
LCD backlight auto-OFF settings (page 61)
Clock settings (page 62)
Resetting the system (page 62)
RS connection point, AUTO copy, IP address,
subnet mask (Chapter 9, Chapter 10, Chapter 11)
60
Version information
HARDWARE
Version
Indicates the version of this device.
Display language settings
HARDWARE
Language
English, Japanese, Deutsch, Francais, Italiano, Espanol

(English, Japanese, German, French, Italian, Spanish)
Confirm
Cancel
BEEP settings
HARDWARE
Beep
Confirm
Cancel
OFF, ON
61
Screen color settings
HARDWARE
Color
(Screen color)
Confirm
COLOR 1
COLOR 2
COLOR 3
COLOR 4
MONO
Default
Dark blue
Monochrome (characters are white)
Light blue
Monochrome (characters are black)
Cancel
LCD backlight auto-OFF settings
HARDWARE
LCD Off
(LCD backlight)
Confirm
Cancel
Ordinarily turns on the LCD backlight.

ON
1 min, 5 min, 10 min, Automatically turns off the backlight after the
set time.
30 min, 1 hour
How do I turn the backlight on again?

If the backlight turns off automatically, press any key on the
device to turn the backlight on again.
You can turn the backlight on again even when in KEYLOCK
status.
This helps to reduce the device's power consumption when using
a battery pack without the AC adapter.
62
Clock settings
HARDWARE
Clock
Numeric value
settings
Changes columns in the following order: year (Y),

month (M), day (D), hour (h), and minutes(m).
Confirm
Cancel
Make sure that you enter 00 in the seconds column. Press

the instant the seconds are 00.
Resetting the system
HARDWARE
System Reset
When you think that the device is not operating properly, you can
reset the system. If you reset the system, display settings (except
language, LAN, and clock settings) return to their defaults.
63
4.4 Event Settings Screen
4.4 Event Settings Screen

4.4.1 Measurement Settings
EVENT
VOLTAGE
POWER
Automatic setting of event thresholds (page 123)

Turning off all event thresholds (page 123)
Setting the event recording sequence (page 124)
Event ON/OFF settings (page 124)
Setting of event thresholds (page 125)
Setting of event thresholds (voltage waveform comparison) (page 125)
HARMONICS
Event ON/OFF settings and threshold

settings (page 126)
For details, see 7.3 "Event Settings" (page 121).
64
4.5 Load/Save Screen
4.5 Load/Save Screen
LOAD/SAVE
MEMORY
9.1 "Using the Internal Memory"

(page 140)
PC-CARD
9.2 "Using a PC Card" (page 141)
For details, see Chapter 9 "Loading and Saving Settings and Measured Data" (page 139).
65
5.1 Using the VIEW Screen
Using Waveforms, Vectors,

DMMs, and Bar Graphs
(VIEW Screen)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Chapter 5
Check measurement data on the waveform display.

Waveform Display (page 67)
Check measurement data on the vector display.

Vector Display (page 70)
Check measurement data on the DMM display.

DMM Display (page 73)
Check measurement data with harmonics.

Harmonics Bar Graph (page 74)
Harmonics List Screen (page 76)
Check event data on the VIEW display.

Analyzing Event Occurrences (page 130)
Analyzing Transient Waveforms (page 131)

Switching screen
display
You can confirm such items as waveform data and the measurement
status on the VIEW screen.
VIEW screen selector
WAVE
5.2 "Waveform Display" (page 67)
VECTOR
5.3 "Vector Display" (page 70)
DMM
5.4 "DMM Display" (page 73)
HARMONICS
5.5 "Harmonics Display" (page 74)
About screen configuration
The VIEW screen is

composed of a number
of screens corresponding to the DF1 to DF4
(DF: display function)
keys.
When you press a DF
key, the screen corresponding to that key appears.
Each time you press the
same DF key, the display changes.
66

The screens that can be displayed differ depending on the internal operation
status.
Internal operation status
Display
Display
update
[SETTING]
Contents of the display update during setting.
[RECORDING]
Contents of the latest display update during measurement.
Approximately 1
second
[ANALYZING]
Contents of the display update during

analysis, or contents at the moment an
event selected in TIME PLOT or EVENT
occurs.
Screen display during [SETTING] or [RECORDING]:

Indicates the screen being displayed for the current measurement.
Screen display during [ANALYZING]:
Indicates the analysis screen being displayed for the selected event.
[RECORDING]
[SETTING]
[ANALYZING]

and key operations?
[RECORDING]
The
key does not

[RECORDING] or [ANALYZING] is displayed?

mode from analysis
Start recording
CAUTION!
Pressing
During [RECORDING]
operation:
During [ANALYZING]
operation:
[SETTING]
[SETTING]
67
5.2 Waveform Display

Example: 4-channel waveform with a 3P4W (three-phase four-wire) configuration
WAVE
VOLT/CURR
Superimposes and
displays 4 channels
of the voltage waveform.
Currsor value (time)
Superimposes and
displays 4 channels
of the current waveform.
VOLTAGE
Voltage waveform
Red: CH1
Yellow: CH2
Blue: CH3
White: CH4
CURRENT
Current waveform
Red: CH1
Yellow: CH2
Blue: CH3
White: CH4
Enlarging waveforms (page 68)

Changing the Y-axis scale of waveforms (page 68)
Changing the X-axis scale of waveforms (page 68)
Reading the cursor value (cursor measurement)
[VOLTAGE], [CURRENT ] (page 69)
Scrolling through waveforms (page 69)
68
Enlarging waveforms
Changing the Y-axis scale of waveforms
SELECT
U
I
x1/3, x1/2, x1, x2, x5, x10
Confirm
When you want to reduce the waveform, make the scale

smaller.
When you want to enlarge the waveform, make the scale
larger.
Cancel
Changing the X-axis scale of waveforms

SELECT
2 cycles
(Example)
Confirm
Cancel
For 50 Hz 2 cycles, 4 cycles, 10 cycles

For 60 Hz 2 cycles, 4 cycles, 10 cycles, 12 cycles
The waveforms are displayed over the entire screen in the

selected number of cycles.
Reading the cursor value (cursor measurement) [VOLT/CURR]

CURSOR
Move the vertical cursor
left and right to read the
display value.
Cursor position
Cursor value
(Waveform instantaneous
values)
Vertical cursor
Scroll bar
The cursor on the scroll bar indicates

where the cursor is positioned on the
saved waveform.
Cursor value
(Time)
You can read waveform instantaneous values and time

with the cursor.
Normally, the cursor is located at the beginning of the
waveform.
69
Reading the cursor value (cursor measurement) [VOLTAGE], [CURRENT ]

CURSOR
Cursor value
(Waveform instantaneous
values)

display value.
Vertical cursor
Cursor position
Scroll bar
The cursor on the scroll bar indicates
where the cursor is positioned on the
saved waveform.
You can read waveform instantaneous values with the

cursor.
Normally, the cursor is located at the beginning of the
waveform.
Scrolling through waveforms

SCROLL
Scroll through the

waveform
Scroll bar
Normally, displays the beginning of saved waveforms

(50 Hz: 10 waveforms,
60 Hz: 12 waveforms).
Waveform display range

All recorded data
The waveform display range (white belt) on the scroll bar

indicates what interval of recorded data is displayed on the
screen.
When you scroll horizontally, you can check all the saved
waveform.
When you scroll vertically, you can change the offset position of the displayed waveform.
If you select an event and display a waveform, you can scroll horizontally to analyze 14 waveforms at 50 Hz or 16 waveforms at 60
Hz.
70
5.3 Vector Display
5.3 Vector Display

VECTOR
Changing the axis display (page 70)

Changing the RMS value/phase angle display (page 71)
Changing the phase angle display method (page 71)
Changing the phase angle reference source (page 71)
Changing harmonic number of orders (page 72)
Changing the axis display

SELECT
LOG
(Example)
LINEAR (linear display)

LOG (logarithmic display)
Confirm
You can select whether to use a linear display (LINEAR) or

logarithmic display (LOG) for the vector axis.
If you select the logarithmic display method, the vector is
easy to see even at low levels.
Cancel
71
5.3 Vector Display
Changing the RMS value/phase angle display

SELECT
VALUE
(Example)
Confirm
Cancel
VALUE (RMS value)

PHASE (phase angle)
You can select what value to display (RMS value display or
phase angle display).
When PHASE is selected, see "Changing the phase angle
display method" (page 71).
Changing the phase angle display method

SELECT
180
(Example)
Confirm
Cancel
180 (lead: 0 to 180, lag: 0 to -180)

lag360 (lag 0 to 360)
You can select the type of phase angle display.
By selecting lag360, you can display 0 to 360.
When lag360 is selected, see "Changing the phase angle reference source" (page 71).
The selection affects only numerical results, and vector display remains unchanged.
Changing the phase angle reference source

SELECT
U1
(Example)
Confirm
Cancel
U1, I1, U2, I2, U3, I3

You can select the reference source (0) to display the phase
angle value
The selection affects only numerical results, and vector display remains unchanged.
72
5.3 Vector Display
Changing harmonic number of orders

ORDER
Change the number of orders
You can select what value to display.

When you change the number of orders, the values change
along with the vector.
In this case, the voltage and current unbalance factors remain
the same as the values calculated using the fundamental
wave (1st order).
73
5.4 DMM Display
5.4 DMM Display

Example: 3P4W (three-phase four-wire) 4-channel DMM display
Voltage, current
POWER
Active power, apparent power

Reactive power,
power factor (displacement power
factor)
VOLTAGE
Voltage, total voltage
distortion
Voltage waveform
peak monitor value
(+, -)
Voltage average value, Voltage unbalance
factor
CURRENT
Current, total current
total distortion factor
Current waveformpeak monitor value
(+, -)
Current average value, K factor, and current unbalance factor
Voltage calculation method settings (page 54)

THD calculation method settings (page 55)
Power factor calculation method settings (page 55)
74
5.5 Harmonics Display

5.5.1 Harmonics Bar Graph
For the selected

channel:
Harmonic
voltage
HARMONICS
GRAPH
Harmonic
current
Harmonic
power
Changing the display channel (page 74)

Changing the axis display (page 75)
Displaying inter-harmonics (page 75)
Changing the order number displayed (page 76)
Changing the display channel

SELECT
CH1
(Example)
Confirm
Cancel
CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4
75
Changing the axis display

SELECT
LOG
(Example)
Confirm
LINEAR (linear display)

LOG (logarithmic display)
When you select the logarithmic display, the vector is easy to
see even at low levels.
Cancel

SELECT
VALUE
(Example)
Confirm
Cancel
VALUE (RMS value)

PHASE (phase angle)
You can select whether RMS values or phase angles are displayed in the harmonic bar graph.
The harmonic power phase angle indicates the harmonic voltage-current phase difference.
Displaying inter-harmonics
SELECT
iHarmOFF
(Example)
Confirm
Cancel
iHarmOFF, iHarmON
If you display inter-harmonics (iHarmON), the screen
changes as follows.
Turquoise: inter-harmonics components
76
Changing the order number displayed

ORDER
Change the order

number
The selected order number becomes green on the bar graph.

If you change the order number, the values change along with
the bar graph.
5.5.2 Harmonics List Screen

HARMONICS
LIST

Changing the display item (page 77)
Displaying inter-harmonics (page 78)
The 1st to 50th harmonic orders and 0.5 to 49.5 inter-harmonic
orders are displayed in a list for the selected item.
77

CH1
(Example)
CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4

Confirm
Cancel
Changing the display item

U
(Example)
U, I, P
Confirm
Cancel

VALUE
(Example)
Confirm
Cancel
VALUE (RMS value)

PHASE (phase angle)
You can select whether RMS values or phase angles are displayed in the harmonic list.
The harmonic power phase angle indicates the harmonic
voltage-current phase difference.
78
Displaying inter-harmonics
iHarmOFF
(Example)
iHarmOFF, iHarmON
Confirm
Cancel
When active power (P) is selected as the display item, interharmonics are not displayed.
If you display inter-harmonics (iHarmON), the screen
changes as follows.
The left side of the example shows harmonics and the right
inter-harmonics.
Inter-harmonics order numbers are 0.5 less than the order
numbers of harmonics in the same line.
(Example)
The order of inter-harmonics on the right of the 21st harmonic is 20.5.
79
6.1 Using the TIME PLOT Screen
Using the Time Series Graph

(TIME PLOT Screen)
Chapter 6
1.
Make time series settings
2.
Perform measurements
Time Plot Settings (page 81)
Press
3.
to record data.
Analyze time series data

Changes in RMS Value (page 89)
Changes in Voltage (page 93)
Changes in Harmonics (page 100)
Flicker (page 104)

TIME PLOT screen selector

RMS
6.3 "Changes in RMS Value" (page 89)
VOLTAGE
6.4 "Changes in Voltage" (page 93)
HARMONICS
6.5 "Changes in Harmonics" (page 100)
FLICKER
6.6 "Flicker" (page 104)
The TIME PLOT screen is composed of a number of screens that correspond to the DF1 to DF4 (DF: display function) keys.
When you press a DF key, the screen corresponding to that key
appears. Each time you press the same DF key, the display changes.
80

When measurement starts, the time series graph is displayed on the
TIME PLOT screen.
The Y-axis and X-axis are automatically scaled so that all the time
series graphs are displayed on the screen.
To change the scale of the Y-axis or X-axis, end measurement.
When measurement stops, the time series graph is no longer displayed.
Status
Display
Display update
No time series graph display data.

----------[SETTING]
At each set interval
[RECORDING] The time series graph display is
updated.
[ANALYZING] The time series graph display is
-----------
stopped.
[SETTING]
[RECORDING]
[ANALYZING]

and key operations?
[RECORDING]
The
key does not


mode from analysis
Start recording
CAUTION!
Pressing
During [RECORDING]
operation:
During [ANALYZING]
operation:
[SETTING]
[SETTING]
Memory status display

INTERNAL MEMORY

81
6.2 Time Plot Settings

To display the time series graph, make the following settings in the
SYSTEM screen.
MAIN
RECORDING

Setting intervals (page 84)
Setting measurement start/stop time (page 86)
Setting the repeated recording (page 87)
Setting the number of repeated recording (page 88)
Time series graph for TIME PLOT-DF1[RMS], TIME PLOT-DF3[HARMONICS]:
You can display all recorded RMS values with voltage
(calculated for a single half wave-shifted waveform) and
flicker excluded.
50 Hz:10 waveforms, 60 Hz:12 waveforms
These RMS values are based on calculations that are
performed every 200 ms.
Based on these values, you can record the MAX, MIN,
RMS calculation
and AVE within the interval period, or the AVE by itself.
Harmonic calculation
Example:
When the interval is set to 1 sec, 5 calculations are performed in the 1-second interval. From these, the MAX,
MIN, and AVE or the AVE by itself are recorded.
Time series graph for TIME PLOT-DF2[VOLTAGE]:
1
2 3 4
Voltage RMS calculation
You can display recorded voltage (value calculated for

one waveform shifted over half a wave).
Since this voltage is calculated for each single half
wave-shifted waveform, it contains a calculated value
for every half wave.
Based on these values, you can record the MAX and
MIN within the interval period.
Example:
When the interval is set to 1 sec, 100 calculations are
performed in the 1-second interval for 50 Hz current. Of
these, only the MAX and MIN values are recorded.
Recording method of Timeplot graph: (page 211)
82
Types of settings to record data 1
RECORDING
Rec. Data
ALL DATA
P&Harm
Power
Records all the calculation values.

Records all calculation values except inter-harmonics.
Records all calculation values except harmonics
and inter-harmonics.
Confirm
Cancel
1: Power/ 2: P&Harm/ 3: ALL DATA

Recorded item Pattern
1
Voltage (one wave shifted
over half a wave)

Frequency
RMS voltage value

RMS current value
Active power
Apparent power
Reactive power
Power factor/Displacement
power factor

Harmonic voltage
Harmonic current
Harmonic power
Harmonic voltage-current phase difference angle
Total harmonic voltage distortion factor
Total harmonic current distortion factor
Total inter-harmonic voltage distortion
factor
Total inter-harmonic current distortion
factor
K factor
Flicker
( V10 or Pst, PLt)
83
Types of settings to record data 2
RECORDING
MAX/MIN/AVE
(Example)
Confirm
Cancel
AVE
MAX/MIN/AVE
Records the average value only.

Records the maximum, minimum, and average values.
You can display the values (MAX, MIN, and AVE values) selected in
the Change in RMS value or Change in harmonics time series
graphs.
The MAX, MIN, and AVE values are the maximum, minimum, and average calculated values calculated from calculated values included in
the interval period.
You can always record and display the MAX and MIN values in
the change in voltage time series graph, regardless of the selection made here.
TIME PLOT Recording Method (page 211)
Settings when the memory is full
RECORDING
Memory Full
STOP
Confirm
Cancel
When the internal memory where time series data is saved

becomes full, measurement stops.
When the internal memory where time series data is saved is
LOOP
(Continue) exceeded, measurement continues. (Maximum: 1 month)
In this case, the oldest time series data in memory is deleted
and the new data saved.
Relationship between the internal memory and PC card when

the memory is full:
When the memory is full (page 151)
84
Setting intervals
RECORDING
Possible
recording time
Interval
1, 3, 15, or 30 sec, 1, 5, 10, or 30 min, 1/2 hour

Depending on the data recorded and interval settings, the
time series graph's possible recording time changes.

Confirm
Cancel
Possible recording time of the time series graph

Interval
ALL DATA (Saves all data)
1s
3s
MAX/MIN/AVE
AVE
5 m 45 s
17 m 12 s
17 m 15 s
51 m 36 s
15 s
1 h 26 m 15 s
4 h 18 m
30 s
2 h 52 m 30 s
8 h 36 m
1m
5 h 45 m
17 h 12 m
5m
10 m
30m
1h
2h
1 day 4 h 45 m
2 days 9 h 30 m
7 days 4 h 30 m
14 days 9 h
28 days 18 h
3 days 14 h
7 days 4 h
21 days 12 h
31 days
31 days
P&Harm (Saves RMS values and Power (Saves RMS values only)
harmonics)
MAX/MIN/AVE
AVE
MAX/MIN/AVE
AVE
8 m 29 s
25 m 18 s
2 h 1 m 51 s
5 h 32 m 21 s
25 m 27 s
1 h 15 m 54 s 6 h 5 m 33 s
16 h 37 m 3 s
1
day
6
h
27
m
3 days 11 h 5 m
2 h 7 m 15 s
6 h 19 m 30 s 45 s
15 s
2 days 12 h 55 m 6 days 22 h 10 m
4 h 14 m 30 s
12 h 39 m
30 s
30 s
days 20 h
8 h 29 m
1 day 1 h 18 m 5 days 1 h 51 m 13
21 m
1 day 18 h 25 m 5 days 6 h 30 m 25 days 9 h 15 m 31 days
3 days 12 h 50 m 10 days 13 h
31 days
31 days
10 days 14 h 30 m 31 days
31 days
31 days
21 days 5 h
31 days
31 days
31 days
31 days
31 days
31 days
31 days
Harmonics order data is not saved for Power, but it is saved in THD.
Measuring for
an extended period
of time.
Use a Flash ATA card and set the Auto Save item to BINARY.
When using a 32-MB Flash ATA card:
above interval x approximately 2.5
When using a 64-MB Flash ATA card:
above interval x approximately 5
(However, you can only measure for up to 31 days.)
Measuring for an extended period of time more than 1 month.

Setting the repeated recording (page 87), Setting the number
of repeated recording (page 88)
85
Setting Auto-save
RECORDING
Auto Save
OFF, BINARY, TEXT

Confirm
You can set the 3196 to save data automatically to the PC

card.
File Types (page 143)
Saving and Loading Files (page 145)
When BINARY or TEXT is selected, measurement data is recorded
to PC card as well as internal memory.
Cancel
After measurement, the measurement data in internal memory can be saved manually in binary or text format .
Manual saving of the measured data files 1 (Binary format:
all data) (page 147)
Manual saving of the measured data files 2 (Text format:
time-series/ event list/ flicker data) (page 148)
Setting real-time control
RECORDING
Time Start
(Real-time control)
Confirm
Cancel
OFF
ON
Measurement starts or stops when you press the

START/STOP key.
Measurement starts or stops at the set measurement
start/stop time.
When ON is selected:
[SETTING]
[WAITING]
[RECORDING]
Starts measurement at the

measurement start time.
Finishes measurement at
the measurement end
time.
When you want to stop measurement:
Press the button again.
[ANALYZING]
86
Setting measurement start/stop time
RECORDING
Start Time
Stop Time
When Manual setting:
Set the values
Numeric value
settings
When Automatic settings:

Start time
Set to the current time.
Change
columns
Stop time
Confirm
Set to 1 hour after the start time.

Set to 1 day after the start time.
Set to 1 week after the start time.
Cancel
An error message appears when
is pressed and the set
measurement start time has already passed.
87
Setting the repeated recording

Repeated recording operations can be conducted up to 99 days at one-day measuring intervals,
and up to 99 weeks at one-week measuring intervals.
The measured data file of repeated recording is saved as a separate binary file for each one-day
or one-week period on the PC card.
The repeated recording function utilizes continuous measurement with full internal memory,
real time control, and auto-save on PC card.
To set the repeated recording function, make the following settings. Without these settings, the
repeated recording function cannot be used.
RECORDING
MemoryFull
LOOP
AutoSave
BINARY
TimeStart
ON

Confirm
Cancel
All measured data collected by repeated recording is stored on

the PC card, but previous data is cleared in each recording
operation and not retained in internal memory (data displayed
on the screen). Therefore, only the latest data is retained in
internal memory at any given time.
Make repeated recording settings
RECORDING
RepeatSave
Confirm
Cancel
OFF
1 Day
1 Week
No repeated recording
Repeated recording at one-day intervals
Repeated recording at one-week intervals
88
Setting the number of repeated recording
RECORDING
RepeatSave
99
(example)
Indicates required PC card

file capacity.
1 to 99
Increases the value
Lowers the value
Confirm
Cancel
When the repeated recording function is set, the number of

repeated recording operations currently set will be indicated.
(Example)
When number of repeated recording operations is set to 99
Start time
Start measuring
[SETTING]
[WAITING]
[RECORDING]
1/99
Auto-setting
Start time
Start measuring
[SETTING]
[WAITING]
[RECORDING]
2/99
Auto-setting
Start time
Start measuring
[SETTING]
[WAITING]
[RECORDING]
99/99
Auto-setting
Stop time
End measuring
[ANALYZING]
PC card
BINARY
data file
Auto-setting
Stop time
End measuring
[ANALYZING]
Auto-setting
Stop time
End measuring
[ANALYZING]
PC card
BINARY
data file
PC card
BINARY
data file
To set the start time, enter the start time of the first recording operation in repeated recording. The start and end times of subsequent
repeated recording operations are then set automatically.
Note that each repeated recording operation results in a measuring
deviation of one minute.
89
6.3 Changes in RMS Value

Display items calculated by the 3196 at 200 ms intervals can be displayed in a time series for each interval.
RMS

You can select a single item from the display items to be
displayed in the time
series graph.
1 ELEMENT
Yellow: MAX value

Green: AVE value
Red: MIN value
You can select two

items from the display items to be displayed in the time
series graph.
2 ELEMENT
Yellow: MAX value

Green: AVE value
Red: MIN value

Changing the Y-axis scale (page 91)
Changing the X-axis scale (page 91)
Cursor measurements (page 91)
Searching for events (page 92)
MAX, MIN, and AVE indicate the maximum, minimum, and average during the interval.
When you select AVE in the data type settings as the recorded data
([SYSTEM]-DF2[RECORDING], a time series graph is displayed for the
AVE value only instead of three types of time series graphs being displayed for the MAX, AVE, and MIN values as above.
When using the time series graph to observe swells, dips, and interruptions, and to record U deviation with respect to the nominal voltage,
use
VOLTAGE.
90

SELECT
Freq
(Example)
Select from pullFreq

down menu
Confirm
Cancel
Q
PF
Voltage
U
Upeak+ Voltage waveform peak (+) KF
Upeak- Voltage waveform peak (-) Uunb
Iunb
Current
I
Ipeak+ Current waveform peak (+) U-THD
Ipeak- Current waveform peak (-)
I-THD
Average voltage value
Uave
Average current value
Iave
U-iTHD
Active power
P
I-iTHD
Apparent power
S
Frequency
Reactive power
Power factor
K factor
Total harmonic voltage
distortion factor
Total harmonic current
distortion factor
Total inter-harmonic voltage
distortion factor
Total inter-harmonic current
distortion factor
peak: waveform peak, ave: average value between channels.
Depending on the following settings, some items cannot be

selected.
Setting item
Settings
Selection not possible
Recorded data Power or P&Harm U-iTHD, I-iTHD

Connection
1P2W
Uave, Iave, Uunb, Iunb
1P3W, 3P3W2M
Uunb, Iunb
If the PLL unlocks due to a momentary power outage or another

reason, the set frequency is displayed and recorded during the
momentary power outage.

SELECT
CH1
(Example)
CH1, CH2, CH3, CH4: Channel

sum: Total for all channels
Confirm
Cancel
If the connection method settings (4 channels) are off, you cannot

select CH4.
91
Changing the Y-axis scale

SELECT
Ydiv
Confirm
AUTO, x1, x2, x5, x10, x25, x50

When you want to reduce the graph, make the scale smaller.
When you want to enlarge the graph, make the scale larger.
When recording, use AUTO.
Cancel
Changing the X-axis scale

SELECT
Tdiv
Confirm
AUTO, x1, x1/2, x1/4, x1/8, x1/16, x1/32, x1/64

When recording, use AUTO.
Cancel
Cursor measurements
CURSOR
Cursor value

display value.
Cursor
time
Cursor
(MAX/MIN/AVE display)
Yellow: MAX value
Green: AVE value
Red: MIN value
(AVE display)
Yellow: AVE value
You can read the value above the cursor and the time on the
time series graph.
92

SCROLL
Scroll through the

graph
Waveform display
range
Scroll bar
Graph display
All recorded data

screen.
When AUTO is set during recording, the X-axis and Y-axis
are automatically scaled so that all the time series graphs are
displayed on the screen.
When measurement stops, if you change the X-axis scale,
you can scroll through the time series graph in every direction.
Searching for events

EVENT JUMP
Skips sideways
through the event
markers.
Analyzing events using

waveforms
Event marker
Synchronization is achieved with an event selected from the

event list.
You can search for the time the event occurred (event
marker
).
The start time and stop time event markers are always displayed.
Event marker
(red):
Indicates an ordinary event.
(blue): Indicates an event for which an event voltage
fluctuation graph is recorded.
93
6.4 Changes in Voltage

6.4.1 Graphing Voltage Fluctuations for Each
Interval
You can display interval-by-interval time series graphs of voltages
(U,S(t) as well as Urms) internally calculated from single half waveshifted waveforms
VOLTAGE
INTERVAL

Displays a time series
graph for U1, U2, and
U3.
Modified values are
displayed as MAX and
MIN values.
Red: U1
Yellow: U2
Blue: U3

When Urms is selected as the voltage recording setting
(SYSTEM-DF2[MEASURE]):
The RMS voltage detected for swell, dip, and interruption is displayed.
The cursor value of the event marker area on the time series graph
is the same as the swell, dip, or interruption value.
When Pst, Plt is selected
The instantaneous flicker defined in IEC 61000-4-15 is displayed.
When U is selected as the voltage recording setting
(SYSTEM-DF2[MEASURE]):
The deviation in RMS voltage to nominal voltage (positive and negative voltage waveform peaks for nominal voltage) is displayed.
MAX and MIN indicate the maximum and minimum during the interval.
When you select MAX/MIN/AVE or AVE in the data type settings as
recorded data ([SYSTEM]-DF2[RECORDING]), the MAX and MIN
values are displayed in a time series graph.
Note that the MAX and MIN values are displayed in a single graph for
changes in voltage instead of the MAX, MIN, and AVE values displayed in three graphs as for changes in RMS value.
94

SELECT
Ydiv
AUTO, x1, x2, x5, x10, x25, x50

Confirm
AUTO scaling is used during recording.
Cancel

SELECT
Tdiv
AUTO, x1, x1/2, x1/4, x1/8, x1/16, x1/32, x1/64

Confirm
AUTO scaling is used during recording. This cannot be

changed.
Cancel
Cursor measurements
CURSOR
Move the vertical
cursor left and right
to read the display
value.
Left side
(MAX value)
Red: U1
Yellow: U2
Blue: U3
Right side (MIN value)

Red: U1
Yellow: U2
Blue: U3
Cursor value
Cursor
time
Cursor
time series graph.
95

SCROLL
Scroll through the

graph
Waveform display
range
Cursor position
Scroll bar
Graph display
The cursor on the scroll bar indicates where the cursor is positioned on the all recorded
data.
All recorded data
The graph display range (white belt) on the scroll bar indicates what interval of recorded data is displayed on the
screen.
When AUTO is set during recording, the X-axis and Y-axis are
automatically scaled so that all the time series graphs are displayed on the screen.
If you change the X/Y-axis scale, you can scroll through the
time series graph in every direction.

EVENT JUMP
Event marker
Skips sideways
through the event
markers.

waveforms

event list.
marker
).
Event marker
(red):
96
6.4.2 Graphing Voltage Fluctuations for Events

When an event occurs, the voltage calculated by the 3196 for a single
waveform shifted half a wave can be displayed in a time series graph
spanning 10 seconds.
VOLTAGE
Example: 1P2W (single-phase two-wire)

Displays a time series
graph for U1, U2, and
U3.
Pre-trigger is fixed to
0.5 second and overall recording length to
10 seconds.
EVENT
Red: U1
Yellow: U2
Blue: U3

Displaying voltage fluctuation event graphs stored
on a PC card (page 98)
Automatically recording multiple voltage fluctuation

event graphs on a PC card (page 99)
The only events that are valid for recording are voltage swells, voltage
dips, and voltage interruptions.
Only one voltage fluctuation event graph is recorded in internal memory.
By using a PC card, your can record and display multiple voltage fluctuation event graphs.
Recording is possible regardless of the recording data type settings

and interval setting (SYSTEM-DF2[RECORDING]).
97

SELECT
Ydiv
Confirm
AUTO, x1, x2, x5, x10, x25, x50

Cancel

SELECT
Tdiv
Confirm
Cancel
AUTO, x5, x2, x1, x1/2, x1/4, x1/8, x1/16, x1/32, x1/64
changed.
Cursor measurements
CURSOR
Move the vertical
to read the display
value.
Cursor
time
Event maker
Cursor value
Cursor
Red: U1
Yellow: U2
Blue: U3
time series graph.
98

SCROLL
Scroll through the

graph
Waveform display
range
Cursor position
Scroll bar
The cursor on the scroll bar

indicates where the cursor is
positioned on the all recorded
data.
Graph display
All recorded data
screen.
When AUTO is set during recording, the X-axis and Y-axis are
automatically scaled so that all the time series graphs are displayed on the screen.
Displaying voltage fluctuation event graphs stored on a PC card

NEXT FILE
You can read and display voltage fluctuation event graphs

recorded on a PC card.
Each depression of this key reads the next in a series of voltage fluctuation event graph on the PC card.
This operation is only possible in the following circumstances.
When a PC card is inserted during analysis
When voltage fluctuation event data is recorded on the PC
card in binary format
It is also possible to analyze data stored on the PC card after
loading all binary measurement files into the analyzer. (However, the PC card must be left in the analyzer during operation
as data is read at each stage.)
99
Automatically recording multiple voltage fluctuation event graphs on a PC card

Only one voltage fluctuation event graph is recorded in internal
memory.
By using a PC card, your can record multiple voltage fluctuation
event graphs.
When BINARY (binary format) or TEXT (text format) is selected
as the auto save option, measurement files are automatically
recorded on the PC card.
Method of Auto-save settings:
Measured data files Auto-save (binary format) settings (page
150)
Auto-save measured data file (text format) settings (page 152)
100
6.5 Changes in Harmonics

You can select six orders and display them in a harmonics time series
graph.
HARMONICS
HARM

Changing the order number displayed (page
102)

INTERHARM
When Power is selected in the recorded item settings (SYSTEMDF2[RECORDING]) as recorded data, you cannot display the harmonics time series graph. Also, when Power or P&Harm is selected,
you cannot display the changes in harmonics time series graph for
inter-harmonics.
When you select MAX/MIN/AVE in the data type settings (SYSTEMDF2[RECORDING]) as recorded data, the MAX and MIN values are
displayed in a single graph.
101

SELECT
U1
U1, U2, U3, U4 Voltage (CH1/2/3/4)

Current (CH1/2/3/4)
I1/I2/I3/I4
Active power (CH1/2/3/)
P1/P2/P3
Total active power
Psum
Phase difference (CH1/2/3)
1/2/3
Total phase difference
sum
The display items that can be selected differ depending on
the connection method.
indicates the phase difference between the voltage and the
current for that channel.
Confirm
Cancel
You can only select U1, U2, U3, U4, I1, I2, I3, and I4 in the interharmonic time series graph.

SELECT
Tdiv
AUTO, x1, x1/2, x1/4, x1/8, x1/16, x1/32, x1/64

Confirm

changed.
Cancel
The Y-axis scale cannot be changed. The maximum value for the
Y-axis is the same as the full-scale range value.
102
Changing the order number displayed

SELECT
1
(Example)
OFF, 1 to 50 (When harmonics DF3[HARM] is selected)

OFF, 0.5 to 49.5 (When Inter-harmonics DF3[INTERHARM] is selected)
Confirm
Cancel
You can select up to six orders and display them simultaneously.
Cursor measurements
CURSOR
Cursor value

display value.
The cursor value is

the same color as
the selected order.
You can read the value above the cursor and the time on
the time series graph.
When MAX/MIN/AVE is selected in the data type settings (SYSTEM-DF2[RECORDING]) as recorded data, the cursor values
indicate MAX values, and when AVE is selected, AVE values are
indicated.
103

SCROLL
Scroll bar
Scroll through the
graph
Cursor position
Scroll bar
The cursor on the scroll bar

indicates where the cursor is
positioned on the all recorded
data.
Graph display
All recorded data
screen.
During measurement, the Y-axis is automatically scaled so
that all the time series graphs are displayed on the screen.
When measurement stops, if you change the X-axis scale,
you can scroll the time series graph right and left.

EVENT JUMP
Skips sideways
through the event
markers.

waveforms
Event marker

event list.
marker
).
Event marker
(red):
104
6.6 Flicker
6.6 Flicker
6.6.1 IEC Flicker Meter and V10 Flicker Meter
A flicker meter is a device for measuring perceived instability in light
resulting from variations in lighting brightness and wavelength.
There are two types of flicker meters: the IEC flicker meter (UIE flicker
meter), which is based on the IEC standard; and the V10 flicker
meter, which is used primarily in Japan. Both types of flicker meter
observe fluctuations in voltage and display a numeric value as an
objective measure of flicker.
IEC Flicker Meter ______________________________________________

The IEC flicker function is based on international standard IEC610004-15, Flickermeter - Functional and design specifications.
Functional diagram of the IEC flicker meter
RMS value
Urms
The RMS voltage (Urms) that is used by the IEC flicker meter is calculated every half cycle.
Auto Gain
Controller
AGC
This circuit adjusts the input RMS voltage (Urms) to a constant level
without affecting the variable voltage component.
The circuit has a 60-second response time (the time over which the
fluctuation width changes from 10% to 90%) with respect to stepped
variations in Urms.
105
6.6 Flicker
Weighting Filter
Processing uses one of two selectable weighting filters, a filter of 230

V lamp, 50 Hz systems, and a filter for 120 V lamp, 60 Hz systems.
F(s) = k1s 1+s/2 / (s2+2s+12)(1+s/3)(1+s/4)
230 V lamp 50Hz system
k = 1.74802
= 24.05981
1 = 29.15494
2 = 22.27979
3 = 21.22535
4 = 221.9
120 V lamp 60Hz system
k = 1.6357
= 24.167375
1 = 29.077169
2 = 22.939902
3 = 21.394468
4 = 217.31512
Statistical
Processing
Statistics on flicker are compiled by applying the cumulative probability

function (CPF) to 1,024 logarithmic divisions of instantaneous flicker
values S(t) in the range from 0.0001 to 10000 P.U. to obtain cumulative probabilities P0.1, P1s, P3s, P10s, and P50s.
Short Interval
Flicker Value
Pst
This indicates degree of perceptibility (severity) of flicker measured
over a 10-minute period.
Calculation:
0.0314P0.1+0.0525P1s+0.0657P3s+0.28P10s+0.08P50s
Pst =
P50s = (P30+P50+P80)/3
P10s = (P6+P8+P10+P13+P17)/5
P3s = (P2.2+P3+P4)/3
P1s = (0.7+P1+P1.5)/3
P0.1 is not smoothed
Long Interval
Flicker Value
Plt
Indicates the degree of perceptibility (severity) of flicker determined
from successive Pst measurements over a 2-hour period.
To calculate a moving average of Pst, the displayed value is updated
every 10 minutes.
Calculation:
Plt = 3
Psti3/N
106
6.6 Flicker
V10 Flicker Meter

V10 Flicker
The V10 flicker function is calculated using the perceived flicker

curve calculation method, which is based on digital Fourier transformation.
Calculation:
V 10 =
( an Vn )
n=1
Vn:
an:
RMS value [V] for voltage fluctuations in frequency fn.

Luminosity coefficient for fn where 10 Hz is 1.0.
(0.05Hz to 30Hz)
Evaluation period:for 1 minute
V10 Perceived flicker curve

V10 Perceived flicker coefficient
Frequency[Hz]
To measure the
IEC Flicker or V10
Flicker
Set the flicker calculation, voltage recording method, IEC flicker filter,
and V10 flicker measurement channel in SYSTEM - DF2[MEASURE].
Flicker calculation settings (page 56)
Voltage recording method settings (page 56)
IEC flicker filter settings (page 57)
V10 flicker measurement channel settings (page 57)
107
6.6 Flicker
6.6.2 IEC Flicker Graph

Displays the IEC flicker graph.
FLICKER
GRAPH

The graph is updated every 10-minute, regardless of the interval that is

set for [SYSTEM]-DF2[MAIN]-[RECORDING].
After you press
, the clock displays 00 seconds and measurement starts.
This is only displayed if Pst,Plt is selected for Flicker in [SYSTEM]DF2[MAIN]-[MEASURE].
A fluctuation graph of S(t) is displayed in the DF2[VOLTAGE]

screen. However, this graph is not displayed unless S(t) is selected
for voltage recording with [SYSTEM]-DF2[MAIN]-[MEASURE].

SELECT
Ydiv
AUTO, x1, x2, x5, x10, x25, x50

Confirm
Cancel
108
6.6 Flicker

SELECT
Tdiv
AUTO, x1, x1/2, x1/4, x1/8, x1/16, x1/32, x1/64

Confirm

changed.
Cancel
Cursor measurements
CURSOR
Move the vertical
to read the display
value.
Cursor value
Upper: Pst measured value

Lower: Plt measured value
Measured values of Pst and Plt can be read every 10 minutes.
109
6.6 Flicker

SCROLL
Scroll bar
Scroll through the

graph
Waveform display
range
Scroll bar
Graph display
All recorded data

screen.
are automatically scaled so that all the time series graphs
are displayed on the screen.
110
6.6 Flicker
6.6.3 IEC Flicker List

Statistics on Pst and Plt are displayed every 10 minutes, along with
the date and time.
Pst: short interval flicker value
Plt: long interval flicker value
FLICKER
LIST
The displayed statistics are for IEC flicker (Pst and Plt), and are displayed
in the list every 10 minutes together with the date and time.
This is only displayed if Pst, Plt is selected for flicker in [SYSTEM]-DF2
[MAIN]-[MEASURE].
EN50160, Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public distribution systems, specifies a limit of Plt 1 during 95% of a 1-week
period.
111
6.6 Flicker
6.6.4 V10 Flicker Graph
FLICKER
GRAPH

The graph is updated once a minute, regardless of the interval that is set
for [SYSTEM]-DF2[MAIN]-[RECORDING].
After you press
, the clock displays 00 seconds and measurement starts.
This is only displayed if V10 is selected for flicker in [SYSTEM]-DF2[
MAIN]-[MEASURE].
V10 flicker can only be measured on one of the voltage channels U1,
U2, or U3.
The measurement source is the same as the PLL source.
Reference voltage for V10

flicker
With V10 flicker measurement, the reference voltage is automatically

set internally using AGC (automatic gain control).
Once the fluctuating voltage value has stabilized, the reference voltage is automatically changed to that value.
Therefore, unlike conventional V10 flicker meters, there is no need to
switch supply voltage settings.
Example:
Fluctuating voltage: Stabilizes at 96 V rms reference voltage is automatically changed to 96 V rms
Fluctuating voltage: Stabilizes at 102 V rms reference voltage is automatically changed to 102 V rms
Due to the effect of the high pass filter used with V10 flicker, if you
begin measuring V10 immediately after making settings, the V10
flicker measurement value may be unstable, causing the first and second settings to display large values.
After making settings on the [SYSTEM] screen, it is recommended
that you wait about 3 minutes before you start measuring.
112
6.6 Flicker

SELECT
Ydiv
AUTO, x1, x2, x5, x10, x25, x50

Confirm
Cancel

SELECT
Tdiv
AUTO, x1, x1/2, x1/4, x1/8, x1/16, x1/32, x1/64

Confirm

changed.
Cancel
Cursor measurements
CURSOR
display value.
Left side
Cursor value
Measurement
value
Right side V10
The measured value of V10 flick can be read every 1 minute.
113
6.6 Flicker

SCROLL
Scroll bar
Scroll through the

graph
Waveform display
range
Scroll bar
Graph display
All recorded data

screen.
are automatically scaled so that all the time series graphs
are displayed on the screen.
114
6.6 Flicker
6.6.5 V10 Flicker List

The following V10 flicker statistics are updated every hour and displayed in the list together with the date and time.
The maximum value over one hour for V10 Flicker
The fourth maximum value over one hour for V10 Flicker
The average value over one hour for V10 Flicker
FLICKER
The V10 flicker statistics are displayed for the measurement period.
V10 values are updated once a minute.
Overall maximum value for V10 Flicker
LIST
The statistics are updated once an hour, and the overall maximum value
for V10 flicker is updated once a minute.
This is only displayed if V10 is selected for flicker in [SYSTEM]-DF2
[MAIN]-[MEASURE].
115
Using Events
(EVENT Screen)
1.
Chapter 7
Make event settings

Event Settings (page 121)
By setting thresholds in advance, information regarding internal calculations that exceed the thresholds can be captured
as events. Since thresholds are ordinarily set as the rated
limits of the electrical facilities being used, the occurrence of
an event can be interpreted as a power supply anomaly.
2.
Check event thresholds

Event Monitor Display (page 134)
You can check whether specified event thresholds are appropriate by looking at the event monitor screen. This is possible
even without pressing the START key to start recording.
3.
Perform measurements
Press
to record.
As each event occurs, it is displayed

on the EVENT screen.
Event occurrence
4.
Analyze events
Event List Display (page 127)
Analyzing Event Occurrences (page 130)
Analyzing Transient Waveforms (page 131)
Event Monitor Display (page 134)
Events displayed by the 3196
Measurement start events

Measurement stop events
Calculation events (events for which thresholds can be specified)
When measuring using events, be sure to enable event settings in

the SYSTEM screen.
EVENT
Event Settings (page 121)
116
7.1 Using the EVENT Screen

Selecting the EVENT Screen
Display screen selection

EVENT
LIST
7.4 "Event List Display" (page 127)
MONITOR
7.7 "Event Monitor Display" (page 134)
EN50160
(For details, see the instruction Manual for
EN50160 (CD-R).)
Over View
Harmonics
Signaling
Events
Setting1
Setting2
Setting3

The EVENT screen is made up of a number of screens that correspond to the DF1 to DF4 (DF: display function) keys.
When you press a DF key, the screen corresponding to that key
appears. Each time you press the same DF key, the display changes.
117

Screen operations are limited according to the internal operation status.
Status
[SETTING]
Display update
None
[RECORDING]
Each time an event occurs
[ANALYZING]
Stop
Can be used in the SETTING status only with the event monitor.
[RECORDING]
[SETTING]
[ANALYZING]

and key operations?
[RECORDING]
The
key does not

mode from analysis
Start recording
CAUTION!
Pressing
During [RECORDING]
operation:
[SETTING]
During [ANALYZING]
operation:
[SETTING]
Memory status display

INTERNAL MEMORY

While only 100 events can be recorded in internal memory, up to

1,000 events can be stored on a PC card.
118
7.2 Event Detection Method

Transient overvoltage
Detection method:
The voltage channels (U1 to U4) are sampled at 2
MHz and transients exceeding the absolute value of
the threshold are detected.
Threshold
Threshold determines the variance from the voltage

waveform.
The waveform that is saved is the one that has the
largest positive or negative transient peak.
Peak value
Threshold
Interval
2 ms
2 ms
Recorded contents:
1. Peak value:
Maximum absolute value (2000 Vmax)
2. Interval:
Period over which the threshold is exceeded (4
msmax)
3. Waveform:
Waveform centered around the peak value
Voltage swells, voltage dips, and interruptions
RMS voltage
Detection method:
Events are detected using the RMS voltage of sampling data for a single wave (256 points) from a voltage waveform that is shifted by a half wave.
Detection is based on the line-to-line voltage with
three-phase three-wire connection, and on the
phase-to-neutral voltage with three-phase four-wire
connection.
Swell
Threshold
RMS voltage
EVENT IN
Hysteresis
EVENT OUT
Dips and interruptions

RMS voltage
Threshold
EVENT IN
Hysteresis
EVENT OUT
Swell is detected when the RMS voltage RMS

exceeds the threshold in the positive direction.
Dips and interruptions are detected when the RMS
voltage exceeds the threshold in the negative direction.
(Hysteresis is applied for detection in both cases.)
Recorded contents:
1. Height, depth:
For swell, the threshold is the height, and is displayed as swell to %.
For dips, the threshold is the depth, and is displayed as dip to %.
For interruptions, the threshold is the depth, and
is displayed as interruption to %.
2. Interval:
Period over which the threshold is exceeded
119
Frequency
Detection method:
Reciprocal detection (sampling at 2 MHz) with measurement and detection approximately every
200 ms (about once every 10 cycles at 50 Hz or every 12 cycles at 60 Hz)
The measurement source is U1, U2, or U3 (same as the PLL synchronization source)
Voltage waveform peaks, current waveform peaks, RMS voltage (upper limit, lower
limit, SENSE), RMS current, active power, reactive power, apparent power, power
factor, and displacement power factor
50 Hz: 10 cycles, 60 Hz: 12 cycles
With three-phase connection, the voltage calculation

method (either phase-to-neutral voltage or line-to
line voltage) can be specified for RMS voltage detection.
RMS calculation
With RMS voltage (upper limit)
SENSE value
Hysteresis
Threshold
RMS
value
EVENT SENSE
IN
Detection method:
Measurement and detection at 256 points per cycle
approximately every 200 ms (about once every 10
cycles at 50 Hz or every 12 cycles at 60 Hz)
SENSE
Voltage waveform peaks, current waveform peaks,

active power, reactive power, power factor, and displacement power factor are detected using thresh-
olds specified as absolute values.
EVENT OUT
Voltage unbalance factor, current unbalance factor, harmonic voltage, harmonic

current, harmonic power, harmonic voltage-current phase difference, total harmonic voltage distortion factor, total harmonic current distortion factor, and K factor
50 Hz: 10 cycles, 60 Hz: 12 cycles
Harmonic calculation in a rectangular window

With 3rd order harmonic voltage
Hysteresis
Threshold
EVENT
IN
EVENT
OUT
Detection method:
Measurement and detection are performed in a
2048-point rectangular window containing 10 cycles
at 50 Hz or 12 cycles at 60 Hz.
Thresholds can be specified individually for each
harmonic order for harmonic voltage, harmonic current, harmonic power, and harmonic voltage current
phase difference.
For harmonic voltage, harmonic current, and harmonic power, detection can be performed using
either of two selectable harmonic calculation methods (effective value or content percentage).
For total harmonic voltage distortion factor and total
harmonic current distortion factor, detection can be
performed using either of two selectable THD calculation methods (RMS based or fundamental wave
based).
Harmonic power and harmonic voltage current phase
difference are detected using thresholds specified as
absolute values.
120
Harmonic voltage distortion

Reference waveforms are formed above and below
the voltage waveform with an interval of 200 ms and
with an offset equivalent to the threshold value, then
detection is performed by comparing the measured
waveform with these reference values.
External event
External events are detected either when the external control terminal (EVENT IN) is shorted, or
at the falling edge of the input pulse signal.
Voltage and current waveforms can be recorded along with measured values upon occurrence of
external events.
(See Chapter 8.)
Manual event
Manual events are detected when
and
are pressed simultaneously.
Voltage and current waveforms can be recorded along with measured values upon occurrence of
manual events.
Activates when the external event is set to ON.
For details on the Event waveform recording method: Event Waveform Recording Method (page
212)
121
7.3 Event Settings
7.3 Event Settings

Events and thresholds are set in the SYSTEM screen.
Voltage/Power Event Settings (page 122)
Harmonics Event Setting (page 126)
Item
Order
selection*2
Measurement
selection*3
Voltage frequency
Positive and Channel selection*5

negative*4
Threshold*1
Approximately
PLL
source
1,2,3 -
OFF
0 to 30 Hz
OFF
0 to 100%
Input
terminal
1,2,3,4
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
OFF
None
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
0 to 2000 Vpk
Threshold: 0 to 200%
0 to 600 Vrms
1,2,3
OFF
0 to 60 Vrms
1,2,3
1,2,3
4
4
OFF
OFF
0 to 500 A
0 to 1.8 kV
1,2,3
OFF
0 to 2.0 kA
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2,3
sum
sum
sum
sum
OFF
OFF
OFF
OFF
0 to 3 MW
0 to 3 Mvar
0 to 3 MVA
0 to 1
-F/-R
1,2,3
1,2,3
4
4
OFF
OFF
0 to 500%
0 to 500%
-F/-R
1,2,3
OFF
0 to 500%
RMS/%
1,2,3
sum
sum
4
OFF
OFF
OFF
0 to 100%
0 to 100%
0 to 600 Vrms/0 to 100%
RMS/%
1,2,3
OFF
0 to 5 kA/0 to 100%
1,2,3
sum
OFF
0 to 3 MW/0 to 100%
1,2,3
sum
OFF
0 to 180
Voltage waveform comparison*

External event
Voltage transient
Voltage swell
Voltage dip
Voltage interruption
RMS voltage value
Upper limit/
Lower limit
RMS voltage (SENSE)

RMS current
()
()
Active power
Reactive power
Apparent power
Power factor/Displacement power factor
K factor
Total harmonic voltage
distortion factor
Total harmonic current
distortion factor
Harmonic voltage
1st to 50th
orders
Harmonic current
1st to 50th
orders
Harmonic power
1st to 50th
orders
Harmonic voltage-cur1st to 50th
rent phase difference
orders
Phase-to-n/
line-to-line
Phase-to-n/
line-to-line
PF/DPF
RMS/%
*1: The recorded threshold is the multiplication result when the PT ratio and CT ratio are set.
*2: For harmonics, settings can be made individually for each harmonic order.
*3: Measurement settings can be selected for each type of measurement (inter-phase or line-to-line and -F
or -R).
*4: Plus and minus () indicates that the threshold is specified as an absolute value.(Events are detected using absolute values regardless of whether they are positive or negative.)
*5: You can set the thresholds individually for channels that are separate and not off.
*6: Hysteresis is selected as a percentage value common to all thresholds in the range 0 to 10%. Frequency
hysteresis is fixed at 0.1 Hz.
122
7.3 Event Settings
7.3.1 Voltage/Power Event Settings

Make the following settings in the SYSTEM screen.
EVENT
VOLTAGE
POWER
Automatic setting of event thresholds (page 123)

Turning off all event thresholds (page 123)
Event ON/OFF settings (page 124)
Setting of event thresholds (page 125)
Setting of event thresholds (voltage waveform
comparison) (page 125)
123
7.3 Event Settings
Automatic setting of event thresholds
VOLTAGE
Auto Setup
AUTO SETUP
Event thresholds (voltage, power, and harmonic) are set

automatically, taking the current measurement as the normal
value.
It is recommended that thresholds be individually adjusted,
using the thresholds set automatically for reference.
The thresholds set will be meaningless if automatic setting is used

when no input is present.
See the Appendix for parameters and levels that are automatically
set with automatic event setting.
Contents of Automatic Setting of Events (thresholds) (page 224)
Turning off all event thresholds
VOLTAGE
Auto Setup
ALL OFF
All event thresholds for voltage, power, and harmonics are

turned OFF.
124
7.3 Event Settings
Setting the event recording sequence
VOLTAGE
Event Record
Set the order in which events (voltage, power, and harmonic)

are displayed in the event list screen.
FIFO
FIFO
(Time order)
Priority
Events are listed in the order in which they occurred.
Priority
Events are listed in worst-case order (according to

(Priority order) severity).
The event recording sequence cannot be changed during postmeasurement analysis.

The order of event priority cannot be changed.
See the Appendix regarding the internal setting of the event priority order.
Event Recording Sequence (Priority Order) (page 226)
Event ON/OFF settings
VOLTAGE
Urms SWELL
(Example)
OFF
OFF
ON
ON
Disables voltage swell event functions

Enables voltage swell event functions
Make threshold settings
Make threshold
settings
Confirm
Cancel
The thresholds for voltage swell, voltage dip, and voltage interruption are set as percentages of the nominal voltage.
Nominal voltage settings (page 52)
Voltage equivalents of percentage values are displayed on the
right side.
125
7.3 Event Settings
Setting of event thresholds
Upper settable threshold limit
VOLTAGE
Frequency
(Example)
Currently set threshold
ON
Make threshold
settings
Confirm
Cancel
Current measurement value

Lower settable threshold limit
Thresholds can be set while viewing the current measurement values.

Events set are stored internally regardless of the event ON/
OFF setting.
Event triggers are not effective until the event setting is set to
ON.
Setting of event thresholds (voltage waveform comparison)
VOLTAGE
Waveform currently being measured
U wave
(waveform comparison)
Make threshold
settings
Confirm
Cancel
Upper side of waveform envelope level

Lower side of waveform envelope level
When the measured waveform exceeds the waveform envelope level, a voltage waveform comparison event is generated.
OFF setting.
ON.
126
7.3 Event Settings
7.3.2 Harmonics Event Setting

Make the following settings in the SYSTEM screen.
EVENT
HARMONICS
Event ON/OFF settings and threshold

settings (page 126)
Event ON/OFF settings and threshold settings
Set ON or OFF for each harmonic order.

(ON: numeric value)
The numeric value indicates the
total number of harmonic orders
set to ON.
HARMONICS
U Harmonics
(Example)
Select the harmonic

order
OFF
ON
Make threshold
settings
Confirm
Cancel
OFF
ON
Disables voltage harmonic event functions

Enables voltage harmonic event functions
Harmonic order being set

Threshold
Bar (green) of harmonic

order being set
Threshold(red)
Measured
value

OFF setting.
ON.
127
7.4 Event List Display

Displays events in a list.
Correspondence between
event settings and event

category display (page 128)
LIST
Displaying events (page 127)

Scrolling through the event list (page 128)
Scrolls the event details list. (page 128)
Information that is recorded as the event includes the start time, stop
time, the 3196 message, and event parameters set in the SYSTEM
screen.
A total of 100 events can be recorded.
If different multi-parameter events occur within the same 200 ms span,
they are grouped and displayed together as one event.
The contents of the multi-parameter events are displayed in the lower
part of the screen.
Changing the list display

sequence

The display sequence cannot be changed while the status is
[RECORDING] or [ANALYZING].
Change the display sequence while in the [SETTING] status.
Displaying events
LIST
Select an event
Confirm
You can select an event and display detailed event information and the contents of multi-parameter events.
128
Scrolling through the event list

Scrolls the event list up or down.
Scrolls the event details list.

Scroll the event details list up or down.
See the specifications for details.

Measurements (page 181)
Correspondence between event settings and event category display

Event setting
Others
Voltage
Power
Harmonic
Start
Stop
Frequency
External event, manual event
Voltage transient
Voltage swell
Voltage dip
Voltage RMS upper limit
Voltage RMS lower limit
Current RMS value
Active power
Reactive power
Apparent power
Power factor
K factor
Voltage distortion factor
Current distortion factor
Voltage harmonic
Current harmonic
Power harmonic
Harmonic phase difference
Event category
Start
Stop
Freq
Wave
Ext
Tran
Swell
Dip
Inter
Urms
Urms
Irms
U peak+
U peak-
I peak+
I peak-
P
Q
S
PF
KF
U_THD
I_THD
U_UNB
I_UNB
U_HARM
I_HARM
P_HARM
PHASE
For details on events displayed in the last column of the event list, see Text Event
Data-format Composition (page 223)
129
About the event list sequence

Time order
Example: When 35 events have occurred

No.1
Dip CH1 OUT ............ Indicates the event that occurred last.
(Events ended with occurrence of a voltage
dip.
No.35
Priority order
Start ........................... Indicates the event that occurred first. (Start

event occurred.
Example: When 100 or more events have occurred

No.1
Dip CH1 OUT ............ Indicates the highest priority. (Events ended
with occurrence of a voltage dip.
No.100
Wave CH1 ................. Indicates an event with low priority. (Voltage

waveform distortion occurred.
About the event list display contents

List display
Example: 96 06-16 12:47:58:253 U_THD CH1 IN

96 .............................................. Sequence number
06-16......................................... Month - Day
12:47:58:253 ............................. Hour:minute:second:1/1000th sec
U_THD ...................................... Total voltage distortion factor.
CH1........................................... Channel 1
IN .............................................. Measurement start and end times
Details display
Example: 2001/6/16 12:48:06.845 Swell CH1 OUT 108.52V 0:00:04.642

2001/6/16 .................................. Year/Month/Day
12:48:06.845 ............................. Hour:minute:second:1/1000th sec
Swell ......................................... Voltage swell
CH1........................................... Channel 1
OUT .......................................... End of occurrence
108.52V .................................... The worst value
0:00:04.642 ............................... Time from start of occurrence to end of occurrence
130
7.5 Analyzing Event Occurrences
7.5 Analyzing Event Occurrences

Analyzing event occurrences
LIST
Select an event
Event details
Select an event to display a corresponding waveform analysis.
Confirm
Return to event list
From the event details screen (the event waveform screen),

you can switch to the other screens related to event occurrence (DF1[WAVE], DF2[VECTOR], DF3[DMM], and
DF4[HARMONICS]) by pressing the DF key.
For details on the Event waveform recording method; Event Waveform Recording Method (page 212)
131
7.6 Analyzing Transient Waveforms

Displaying transients
LIST
Select an event category from the event

list or an event indicated with Tran in
the detailed event list.
Confirm
(Display changes to
the VIEW screen
waveform display.)
TRANSIENT
Voltage waveform
Transient data
year/month/
day, time,
rising edge,
peak value,
duration
Transient waveform
Display switches between the voltage/current waveform display and the voltage/transient waveform display each time
you press
132
Enlarging transient waveforms

Changing the Y-axis range of waveforms
SELECT
T
1kV/div, 600V/div, 300V/div, 150V/div, 60V/div, 30V/div

Confirm
To reduce the waveform, make the voltage value larger.

To enlarge the waveform, make the voltage value smaller.
Cancel
Changing the X-axis range of waveforms

SELECT
50s/div
Confirm
25s/div, 50s/div, 100s/div, 200s/div, 400s/div

To reduce the waveform, make the X-axis range value smaller.
To enlarge the waveform, make the X-axis range value larger.
Cancel
Searching for transients

TRANS SEARCH
(Search for transients)
Select transient from

voltage waveform
If the voltage waveform contains multiple transients, you can

select one of them.
133
Scrolling through transient waveforms
SCROLL
Scroll through the

waveform
Scroll bar
Waveform display range

All recorded data (4 ms)

screen.
When you scroll horizontally, you can check all the saved
waveform.
When you scroll vertically, you can change the offset position of the displayed waveform.
134
7.7 Event Monitor Display
7.7 Event Monitor Display
MONITOR
You can monitor all events to determine whether and how many
occurred.
If there are no events, 0 is displayed
If there are events, they are indicated in when and a count shows the
number of occurrences.
Voltage fluctuation event
Transient
Swell
Dip
Interruption
Waveform:
Voltage swell (rise in RMS voltage)
Voltage dip (drop in RMS voltage)
Interruption (voltage interruption)
Other events
External
Start, stop, external event, manual event
Basic RMS event

Frequency
Voltage
Current
Power
Power factor
Unbalance
Frequency
RMS voltage, voltage waveform peak
RMS current, current waveform peak
Active power, reactive power, apparent power
Power factor (or displacement power factor)
Voltage unbalance factor, current unbalance factor
Harmonic event
Voltage
Current
Power
Voltage distortion
Current distortion
KF
Voltage harmonic
Current harmonic
Power harmonic, harmonic phase difference
Voltage THD-F (or voltage THD-R)
Current THD-F (or current THD-R)
K factor
You can use this function even when the internal operation status is
[SETTING]. Threshold settings can be changed and you can check for
occurrence of events in the event monitor by making event settings with
[SYSTEM]-DF3[EVENT].
When recording is started and the internal operation status changes to
[RECORDING], event monitoring starts after first clearing all events displayed.
When recording is started, the start event occurs and External in Other
Events always changes to 1. Similarly, when recording is stopped, the
stop event occurs and External in Other Events always changes to 2.
135
Using the External Control

Terminals
Chapter 8
You can enter events and output event occurrence times with the external control terminals.
EVENT
IN
GND
EVENT
OUT GND
Trigger input terminal

HIOKI
MEMORY HiCORDER
Anomaly
search device
Event input terminal (EVENT IN)
Event output terminal (EVENT OUT)
Synchronized with an external device,

analyzes anomalies.
When you connect the search signal of
an anomaly search device such as an
overcurrent relay to the event input terminal, you can analyze anomalies using
this device according to anomaly operations.
8.2 "Event Input Terminal (EVENT
IN)" (page 137)
This informs an external device when

anomalies occur within the 3196.
When you connect the event output terminal to a trigger input terminal on a
waveform recording device such as the
HIOKI MEMORY HiCORDER, you can
record waveforms on the MEMORY
HiCORDER when events occur.
8.3 "Event Output Terminal (EVENT
OUT)" (page 138)
To avoid damaging this device, do not input voltages outside the

ranges -5 V to +10 V (EVENT IN) or 0 to +50 V (EVENT OUT) to the
external control terminals.
When using the external control terminals, to use the external event
function, set the external event to ON.
VOLTAGE
External
ON
136
8.1 Connecting to the External Control Terminal
8.1 Connecting to the External Control Terminal
To avoid electric shocks, use the specified material only.
Connecting to the external control terminals

Electric wires that conform with:
single line 1.0 mm (AWG 18) or twisted line 0.75 mm2
Supported electric wires:
single wire 0.4 to 1.0 mm (AWG 26 to 18)
twisted wire 0.3 to 0.75 mm2 (AWG 22 to 20)
diameter of search wire: more than 0.18 mm
Standard direction wire length: 10 mm
Tools that conform to button operations:
flat head screwdriver (width of blade-tip: 2.6 mm)
1. Press down on the terminal button using a tool,

such as a flat head screwdriver.
2. While the button is depressed, insert the wire

into the electric wire connection hole.
3. Release the button.

The electric wire is locked in place.
137
8.2 Event Input Terminal (EVENT IN)
8.2 Event Input Terminal (EVENT IN)

By inputting a signal to the event input terminal externally, you can
make the 3196 determine that an external event has occurred when
that event was input. Similar to other events, you can record the voltage and current waveforms, and the measurement values of external
events.
Using this device, you can analyze power anomalies that occur in
other electrical equipment.
To avoid damaging this device, do not input voltages outside the range
-5 V to +10 V to the external control terminals.
Signal input methods

Short-circuit the terminal or input a pulse signal.
Use the event input terminal (EVENT IN) and the ground terminal
(GND).
You can control the event input terminal by short-circuiting the terminal
(active LOW) or dropping the pulse signal (2.5 V).
Input voltage
range
HIGH level: 3.0 to 5.0 V

LOW level: 0 to 1.0 V
Maximum input
voltage
-5 to 10 V
EVENT IN
HIGH
2.5 to 5.0 V
10 k
GND
LOW
0 to 1.0 V
5V
Longer than 30 ms
EVENT IN
Longer than 30 ms
GND
1 k
138
8.3 Event Output Terminal (EVENT OUT)
8.3 Event Output Terminal (EVENT OUT)

This indicates events occurring externally that were synchronized with
events occurring internally for this device.
Usage method 1.
Connect a warning device.
This is a good way to output warnings when events such an interruptions occur.
Usage method 2.
Connect to the trigger input terminal of a MEMORY
HiCORDER.
This allows you to record waveforms on the MEMORY HiCORDER
when events occur on the 3196.
You can record between 14 and 16 waveforms on the 3196 when
events occur. When you want to record waveforms for a longer period
of time, use the 3196 in parallel with a MEMORY HiCORDER.
To avoid damaging this device, do not input voltages outside the 0 V to

+50 V range to the external control terminal.
Signal output method

If an event occurs in the 3196, a pulse signal is output.
Use the event output terminal (EVENT OUT) and the ground terminal
(GND).
Output signal
Open collector output (includes voltage output)

Active LOW
Output voltage
range
HIGH level: 4.5 to 5.0 V

LOW level: 0 to 0.5 V
Pulse width
LOW level: longer than 10 ms
Maximum input
voltage
0 to 50 V, max. 50 mA, 200 mW
EVENT OUT
Longer than
200 ms
10 k
HIGH
4.5 to 5.0 V
GND
LOW
0 to 0.5 V
5V
EVENT OUT
Longer than 10 ms
GND
139
Loading and Saving Settings

and Measured Data
Chapter 9
3196
Internal
memory
PC card
Card type: Flash ATA types I and II

Slot: TYPE II x 1
Format: MS-DOS format
Memory: must support up to 528 MB
: Possible/ : Not possible

Saving and loading data
Using the internal memory
(page 140)
Using a PC card
Saving setting conditions
(up to 10 files)
Loading setting conditions
Saving measured data
(binary format/text format)
Loading measured data
(binary format only)
Saving screen data
(BMP files)
(page 141)
The PC card interface installed in this device conforms to PCMCIA (Personal Computer
Memory Card International Association) and JEIDA (Japan Electronic Industry Development Association) PC card standards.
140
9.1 Using the Internal Memory
9.1 Using the Internal Memory

You can only save or load setting conditions in the internal memory.
Save setting conditions
MEMORY
Select which number
(No.) to save
SAVE
The setting conditions currently set on the 3196 are

saved.
Settings file names: up to 8 alphanumerical characters
Inputs the file

name
: Selects characters
SAVE
When you want to delete a character:

DELETE
: Confirms the selected character

: Backspace (deletes the selected character)
The date and time are recorded automatically.
If you do not input a file name, the setting conditions are not
saved.
Loading setting conditions
MEMORY
Select which number
(No.) to load
LOAD
The selected setting conditions are loaded.

Even if you save 10 condition settings, the possible
recording time of the time series graph (page 84) does
not change.
You can only use the internal memory when the operation status
is [SETTING].
141
9.2 Using a PC Card
9.2 Using a PC Card

9.2.1 Selecting a PC Card
Use only PC Cards sold by Hioki.
Compatibility and performance are not guaranteed for PC cards
made by other manufacturers. You may be unable to read from or
save data to such cards.
Make sure that you format your PC card before using it. (Format the
PC card using this device or the PC.)
When formatting a PC card on a PC, use the FAT-16 format. Formatting a card in FAT-32 format may result in incompatibility problems.
Do not use the device where oil permeates the air or in dusty places.
Doing so can cause the deterioration of connector contacts.
PC card capacity
The 3196 has an internal memory of 13 MB. Therefore, to transfer all

the data recorded in the internal memory to a PC card, you need a PC
card with a capacity of 13 MB. We recommend that you use a PC card
with a capacity of 13 MB or more.
Hioki options
PC cards (includes adapter)
9626 PC CARD 32M

9627 PC CARD 64M
9726 PC CARD 128M
9727 PC CARD 256M
9728 PC CARD 512M
142
9.2 Using a PC Card
9.2.2 Inserting and Removing the PC Card

Trying to force the PC card upside down or to insert the wrong end
into the PC card slot, you can damage the PC card and/or this
device.
When you are not using a PC card, keep the cover closed.
While the PC card is in use,
is displayed on the upper left of
this device. Do not remove the PC card from the device while this
mark is present. Doing so can damage the data on the PC card.
When transporting this device, remove the PC card and close the
cover.
Inserting the PC card

Open the cover and insert the PC Card with the
arrow facing up and in the direction of the PC card
slot, as far as it will go.
Removing the PC card

Press the eject button and pull out the PC card.
143
9.2 Using a PC Card
9.2.3 File Types

Three types of data can be saved to PC cards, including settings,
measured data (binary and text format), and screen copy files.
: Possible/ : Not possible
File and Format
Setting Files
Directory
name
File name
__________
########.SET
SAVE
B+Date+No.*8 3196SET.SET
Measurement Data
Files
Binary
format
Text
format
[SYSTEM]DF4[PC-CARD]
LOAD
Opening files
on a PC
Time-series data
*4
96INTVL.ITV
Event data *1, *3
96EVT000.EVT to
96EVT999.EVT
Transient waveform data *1
00000000.TRN to
99999999.TRN
V10/ IEC Flicker

data *1
96FLICK.FLC
Voltage fluctuation event data

*3,*7
96DV000.WDU to
96DV999.WDU
Time-series data
*1
T+Date+No.*8 96INTVL.CSV
Event list data *1,

*5
96EVENT.TXT
V10/ IEC Flicker

data *1
96FLICK.TXT

*3,*7
HHMM000.CSV to
HHMM999.CSV
TEXTWAVE
HHMM000.CSV to
HHMM999.CSV *9
*10
__________
H3196000.BMP to
H3196999.BMP
Event waveform
data *2, *6
Screen Hard Copy Files
Storage method
*1: Files can be saved automatically every interval, or saved manually after measurement is finished (when analyzing).
*2: After measurement is finished (when analyzing), you can select an event number and save files
manually.
*3: Data is saved automatically each time an event occurs.
Creating event files
*4: A file is created for each event (event data for all of the contents, including waveforms).
*5: All of the events in the list are created within a single file.
*6: A file is created for each event waveform.
*7: A file is created for each voltage fluctuation event graph.
Creating a directory and file name
*8: A number is appended to files each time measurement data is saved.

Binary format: B (1 digit)+ Date (5 digits: year, month, day) + Number (2 digits: 01 to 99)
Text format:T (1 digit)+Date (5 digits: year, month, day) + Number (2 digits: 01 to 99)
The year is indicated using the lowest digit. (Example: The year 2002 is represented as 2.)
3196SET.SET is also saved in the text format directory.
*9: HH indicates hours, and MM indicates minutes.
*10: EVENT_DF1[LIST] is used to save event waveform data in text format.
144
9.2 Using a PC Card
Binary format file capacity

Time-series data
Indicates the capacity of a time-series data file (.ITV) that can be

saved at one interval.
MAX/MIN/AVE
AVE
Power
720 bytes
264 bytes
P&Harm
10320 bytes
3464 bytes
ALL DATA
15216 bytes
5096 bytes
The capacity of data attached to one file is 128 bytes.

Example of calculation:
Capacity of data file acquired in one-hour measurement with recorded
data set to Power, MAX/MIN/AVE; and interval to 1 second
File capacity=128(bytes)+720(bytes)60(sec)60(min) = 2,532K bytes
Flicker data
Indicates the capacity of a flicker data file (.FLC) saved in one calculation operation.
V10 Flicker
IEC Flicker
Data capacity per calculation operation

4 bytes (every minute)
24 bytes (every ten minutes)
The capacity of data attached to one file is 136 bytes.

Example of calculation:
Capacity of a data file acquired in one-hour measurement of V10
flicker
File capacity = 136(bytes) + 4(bytes) 60(min) = 376 bytes
Event data,
Transient waveform
data,
Voltage fluctuation
event data
Indicates the capacity per each.

Type of data
Event data (.EVT)
Transient waveform data
(.TRN)

(.WDU)
Setting files
Capacity per each

81K bytes
17K bytes
34K bytes
[For two transient waveforms (positive and
negative) within one waveform]
15K bytes
The setting file (3196SET.SET) capacity is 3.81 Kbytes.
Formatting PC cards
PC-CARD
FORMAT
During formatting, Now Formatting! is displayed.

When the message disappears, formatting is finished.
Note that formatting a PC card deletes all the files it contains and
that they cannot be retrieved.
145
9.2 Using a PC Card
9.2.4 Saving and Loading Files

Loading files (page 145)
Deleting files (page 145)
Manual saving of the settings files (page 147)
Manual saving of the measured data files 1 (Binary format: all data) (page 147)
Manual saving of the measured data files 2 (Text format: time-series/ event list/ flicker data)
(page 148)
Manual saving of the measured data files 3 (Text format: event waveform data) (page 150)
Measured data files Auto-save (binary format) settings (page 150)
Auto-save measured data file (text format) settings (page 152)
Screen hard copies (auto-copy) (page 153)
Screen hard copy (manual copy) (page 153)
Before saving or loading data using a PC card, insert the PC card.
When you select the PC card and there is no PC card present, the
following error message appears.
No card
To make this error message disappear, press any key.
Loading files
PC-CARD
Select which number (No.) to load
LOAD
When loading settings files, select.SET files.

When loading measured data files, select a directory <DIR>
that begins with B.
You cannot load text files, BMP files, or file of a type not supported by this device to the 3196.
When loading binary files, the maximum time it takes to load a
file is approximately 5 min.
The 3196 cannot read binary format files that exceed 13MB in
size.
We recommend the use of the 9624 PQA-HiVIEW to analyze
binary format files.
Deleting files
PC-CARD
Select a number (No.)
DELETE
146
9.2 Using a PC Card
About file types and saving

Settings file
Manual save
Auto-save
_______
When the operation status is [SETTING]:

PC-CARD
SAVE
When the operation status is [ANALYZING]:

SAVE
PC-CARD
SETUP FILE
Manual saving of the settings files (page 147)
Measured data file

Manual save
Auto-save
(Binary format: Time-series, Event data)

PC-CARD
SAVE
Saving when the operation status is

[RECORDING]:
BINARY FILE (Auto-save settings required)
(Saves all data in the internal memory, including settings files.)
Manual saving of the measured data files 1 (Binary format: all
Measured data files Auto-
save (binary format) settings

(page 150)
data) (page 147)
(Text format: Time-series, Event list data)

Saving when the operation status is
[RECORDING]:
(Auto-save settings required)

TEXT Select
PC-CARD
RETURN
Auto-save measured data file

TEXT FILE
SAVE
(text format) settings (page

152)

time-series/ event list/ flicker data) (page 148)
(Text format: Event waveform data)

LIST
_____________
WaveTextSave

event waveform data) (page 150)
Screen copy file

Manual save
Auto-save
Saving is possible when the operation status is [SETTING], Saving when the operation status is
[RECORDING]:
[RECORDING], [ANALYZING].
(Auto-save settings required)
147
9.2 Using a PC Card
Manual saving of the settings files

You can save or delete settings files when the
operation status is [SETTING] or [ANALYZING].
PC-CARD
SAVE
SETUP FILE
For [ANALYZING] only
(Does not need to be selected for [SETTING].)
Inputs the file name
The setting conditions currently set on the 3196 are

saved.
Settings file names: up to 8 alphanumerical characters
:Selects characters
: Confirms the selected character
: Backspace (deletes the selected character)
SAVE
The date and time are recorded automatically.
If you do not input a file name, the setting file is not saved.
Manual saving of the measured data files 1 (Binary format: all data)
You can save files when the operation status is
[SETTING].
PC-CARD
SAVE
BINARY FILE
Measured data files contain all data files, and can be

saved with settings files in the directory.
Files are saved automatically, with B (indicates
binary format) and the date and No. used as the directory name.
When saving files in binary format, the maximum time it takes to save
files is 4 min 30 s.
When data is saved in binary format, all data in the analyzers memory is saved to PC card.
Up to 13 MB in internal memory can be used to store data.
(Time-series data capacity: 5 MB + event data capacity: 8 MB)
148
9.2 Using a PC Card
Manual saving of the measured data files 2 (Text format: time-series/ event list/
flicker data)
[ANALYZING].
PC-CARD
SAVE
TEXT Select
If you want to change or confirm the files that have

been saved, make settings in the text item selection
screen.
In [SYSTEM]-DF2[RECORDING], the item selected
for the AutoSave setting is the same as the item
selected to be saved in the TEXT setting.
Select item to
save
OFF
ON
RETURN
TEXT FILE
Measured data files contain time series graph data,

event list data, and flicker data files, and can be
saved with settings files in the directory.
Files are saved automatically, with T (indicates text
format) and the date and No. used as the directory
name.
In this case, the only measurement data that can be saved to PC

card in text format is time series data and event list data.
Event list data and flicker data are saved manually regardless of
the TEXT save options.
Text Time-sequence Data-header Composition (page 219)
V10 Flicker Text Time-sequence Data-header Composition
(page 222)
IEC Flicker Text Time-sequence Data-header Composition
(page 222)
Text Voltage Fluctuation Event Data Format Composition (page
222)
Text Event Data-format Composition (page 223)
149
9.2 Using a PC Card
The following table lists the items saved by settings (ON) made on the [Text Select] screen.
Item
RMS fluctuation graph
Voltage fluctuation graph
Frequency
Urms
RMS voltage value
RMS voltage value

(Voltage fluctuation)
Upk
UTHD
RMS current value
Average RMS voltage value
Average RMS current value
Active power
Apparent power
Reactive power

K factor
ITHD
Harmonic voltage
Harmonic current
Harmonic power
angl
Harmonic voltage-current phase difference
iU
iI
iUth
Total Inter-harmonic voltage distortion

factor
iIth
Total Inter-harmonic current distortion

factor
Normal Item Freq
Irms
Ipk
Uave
Iave
Power Item
P
S
Q
PF
KF
Uunb
Iunb
Harmonics
150
9.2 Using a PC Card
Manual saving of the measured data files 3 (Text format: event waveform data)
[ANALYZING].
LIST
Select No.
Waveforms that can be saved differ depending on

the connection method setting.
(Wiring method)
1P2W ............ U1, I1
1P3W ............ U1, U2, I1, I2
3P3W2M ....... U1, U2, I1, I2
3P3W3M ....... U1 to U3, I1 to I3
3P4W ............ U1 to U3, I1 to I3
4ch:AC/DC.... U4, I4
WaveTextSave
To save multiple event waveforms, select a number (No.)

and repeat the process.
Text Event Waveform Data Format Composition (page

222)
Transient waveform data cannot be saved in text format.
Measured data files Auto-save (binary format) settings

Measured data files are automatically saved to the PC card with the
internal memory.
RECORDING
1. Set the interval. (page 84)
1, 3, 15, or 30 sec, 1, 5, 10, or 30 min, 1/2 hour
2. Set the auto-save format.
BINARY
Interval
Auto save
Measured data files are saved automatically during recording.

While auto-save is in progress, do not remove the PC card from
the 3196.
In binary format, all measurement data of the 3196 can be
saved to a PC card.
151
9.2 Using a PC Card
When the memory is full

When the memory is full: STOP
Measurement
starts
Internal memory
capacity
Internal memory
Recorded data
PC card
Recorded data
Measurement forcibly ends
PC card capacity
When the memory is full: LOOP

Current time
Internal memory
capacity
Measurement
starts Old data is
deleted
Recorded data
Internal memory
PC card
Measurement stops
Measurement is stopped forcibly
after one month of measurement.
Recorded data
Settings when the memory is full

(page 83)
When the PC card memory becomes full,

recording to the PC card stops.
152
9.2 Using a PC Card
Auto-save measured data file (text format) settings

Measured data files are saved to the PC card with the internal
memory automatically.
RECORDING
1. Set the interval. (page 84)
1, 3, 15, or 30 sec, 1, 5, 10, or 30 min, 1/2 hour
2. Set the auto-save format.
TEXT
Interval
Auto Save
SELECT
Select the item
to be saved.
OFF
ON
Select the item to be saved.

The item currently selected appears to the right of the auto-save settings.
OFF: Not selected as an item to be saved as text.

ON: Selected as an item to be saved as text.
RETURN
Files are saved automatically when the internal operation status becomes [RECORDING].
Measured data files are saved automatically during recording.
While auto-save is in progress, do not remove the PC card from the
3196.
In this case, the only measurement data that can be saved to PC card
in text format is time series data, event list data, flicker data, and voltage fluctuation event data.
Event list data, flicker data, and voltage fluctuation event data
are automatically saved as text, regardless of the TEXT save
options.
Settings selected in the text save options also apply when manually
saving text data.
Manual saving of the measured data files 2 (Text format: timeseries/ event list/ flicker data) (page 148)
153
9.2 Using a PC Card
Screen hard copies (auto-copy)

Measured data files are saved to the PC card with the internal memory automatically.
HARDWARE
RS-232C
Auto Copy
1. Set the RS connection point.

OFF or MODEM
2. Set to AUTO copy.
ON
3. Set the interval.
1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 30 min, 1 hour, 2 hour
Files are automatically copied to the PC card when the
internal operation status becomes [RECORDING].
Display the screen that you

want to hard copy.
Screen hard copy (manual copy)

want to hard copy.
You can copy screens as BMP files to the PC card manually.

The RS connection point settings are the same as for auto-copy.
Saves the displayed screen when pressed.
In addition to being able to save screen images to the PC card, hard

copies allow you to output them to a printer.
When the RS connection point is set to PRINTER, a hard copy of the
screen image is sent to the printer. For other settings, the hard copy
of the screen image is sent to the PC card.
154
9.2 Using a PC Card
155
10.1 Setting the Printer
Using a
Printer
Chapter 10
Using the devices RS-232C interface,
you can create hard copies of the 3196
screen with the 9670 PRINTER.
For details about the printer and printer
connection methods, Refer to the Quick
Start Guide.
10.1 Setting the Printer

Setting the RS-232C connection point on the printer
HARDWARE
RS-232C
(RS connection point)
1. Set the connection point to PRINTER.

PRINTER
2. Set the appropriate baud rate.
9600 bps (slow printing), 19200 bps (mid-speed printing),
38400 bps (fast printing)
Confirm
When this is set to PRINTER,

left of the screen.
9670 PRINTER is set

automatically
Set Printer
lights on the upper
The baud rate and language set on this device as well as

the auto-power off function (OFF) are set automatically in
the 9670 PRINTER.
After the printer is set automatically, turn off the printer
and turn it on again before using it.
156
10.2 Printing Hard Copies
10.2 Printing Hard Copies

The two methods to create screen hard copies with the printer are to
output them automatically at each set interval or to output them manually by pressing the HARD COPY key.
Printing screen images automatically
HARDWARE
Auto Copy
1. Turn on the AUTO copy function.

ON
2. Set the output interval.
1 min, 5 min, 10 min, 30 min, 1 hour, 2 hour
3. Set the connection point to PRINTER.
Confirm
want to hard copy.
Screen images are output automatically when the internal

operation status becomes [RECORDING].
Printing screen images manually

want to hard copy.
Set the RS connection point to PRINTER.
Prints the displayed screen when pressed.
In addition to being able to print screen images, hard copy allows you to
save screen images to the PC card.
When the RS connection point is set to PRINTER, a hard copy of the
screen image is output by the printer. (When screen images can be output to the printer,
lights on the upper left of the screen.) For all
other settings, the screen image is saved to the PC card.
157
Chapter 11
Using the PC
This device is equipped with an RS-232C and a LAN interface.

This section describes how to use the device with a personal computer (hereafter, PC) and a
modem. You can use the HTTP server function *1 installed on this device or Down96 (CD-R)
with all the connection methods outlined above.
Connecting the 3196 to a modem using the RS-232C cable and controlling/observing the 3196 from a PC connected to the modem
3196
RS-232C
Modem
Public circuit
Straight
cable
Modem
RS-232C
Straight
cable
11.1 "Remote Control and Monitoring Using an RS-232C Interface" (page 158)
Connecting the 3196 to a hub using a LAN cable and controlling/

observing the 3196 from a PC
3196
10Base-T
Straight
cable
Hub
LAN
Hub
10Base-T
Straight
cable
11.2 "Control and Monitoring Using a LAN Interface" (page 165)
Connecting the 3196 to a PC with a LAN cable and controlling/observing the 3196
3196
10Base-T
Cross
cable
11.2 "Control and Monitoring Using a LAN Interface" (page 165)

*1:The HTTP server function allows you to use any Internet browser, such as Internet Explorer,
without having to install dedicated software on the PC to make settings for the 3196, acquire
data, or observe screens.
HTTP Server Function (page 172)
*2: The Down96 download application software downloads data files stored in internal memory
of the main unit or on the PC card to a PC.
For details, see the Down96 Instruction manual (CD-R version)
Both the RS-232C and LAN interfaces use TCP/IP. The connection protocol to use TCP/IP with an
RS-232C interface is PPP (Point-to-Point Protocol). Note that you cannot use programs such as
Visual Basic to send commands or receive data on the PC.
Windows, MS-Excel, MS-Word are either registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United
States and other countries.
158
11.1 Remote Control and Monitoring Using an RS-232C Interface
11.1 Remote Control and Monitoring Using

an RS-232C Interface
1
The instrument can be connected by RS-232C cable to a modem for

remote control and monitoring from a PC at another location using a
public circuit or cellular phone.
When the modem is directly connected to a public circuit:

(example)
3196
RS-232C
Public circuit
Modem
Straight
cable
Modem
RS-232C
Straight
cable
When the modem is connected to a cellular phone:

Cellular phone
(example)
3196
RS-232C
Straight
cable
PC card
Modem
Connection Cable
Procedure
1.
2.
3.
Connect the instrument to the modem using an RS-232C cable (straigh

cable).
Connecting method: Refer to the Quick Start Manual.
11.1.1 "Connecting a Modem" (page 159)
Make connection point settings on the 3196

11.1.2 "Setting the 3196" (page 160)
Make 3196 settings using the PC

11.1.3 "Setting the PC" (page 161)
The settings of the modem connected to this device are made automatically by the 3196. After reading the user's guide of the PC and modem,
set the modem connected to the PC.
Make the same connection and settings even when using the HTTP
server function or Down96 download application software.
159
11.1.1 Connecting a Modem

When the modem is directly connected to a public circuit:
Prepare the following:
Modem for this
instrument
A computer modem capable of speeds of 28.8 kbps or more is recommended.

A modem that connects to an RS-232C terminal (modems that connect to
a USB port or PC card slot cannot be used).
Operationally confirmed model: DFML-560E, made by I-O Data
Note: Models that do not have an E appended to the end of their model
number use a USB connection, and cannot be used.
RS-232C cable
Straight cable (supplied with the modem)
Modem for the PC
Any modem that can be used with the PC you are using.
If your PC supports USB connections: USB connection-type modem
If your PC does not support USB connection: RS-232C connection-type
modem
Notebook computer: PC card-type modem
Make sure that a phone line is available both at the place where you set up the 3196 and near
your PC.
When the modem is connected to a cellular phone:

Modem for connecting a cellular phone
to the Instrument
Mobile communications adapter

Model certified for use: TD-PHSAD, made by Telecom Electronics
RS-232C cable
Straight cable (supplied with the mobile communications adapter)
Cable for connecting

a cellular phone to
the modem
PHS cellular cable (when using a PHS cellular phone)

PDC cable (when using a cellular phone)
(these cables are supplied with the mobile communications adapter)
Modem for the PC
Any modem that can be used with the PC you are using.
Model certified for use with a PC card when connecting the cellular phone
to your PC:
PCMA-9664P2, made by I-O Data
Further, to avoid using up the remaining battery life for your cellular phone during use, make sure
you use the optional charger or AC adapter for the cellular phone you are using.
When using the remote control application of the HTTP server function, it is recommended that
you connect a PHS cellular phone with a fast communication speed to your PC instead of connecting a regular cellular phone.
160
11.1.2 Setting the 3196

Configuring connection on the instrument
Connection point Baud rate Communication monitoring time
HARDWARE
RS-232C
Confirm
1. Set the connection point.

MODEM
When the connection point is set to MODEM,
lights on the upper left of the screen.
2. Set the baud rate.
57600 bps and so on
Cancel
3. Set the communication monitoring time that applies to

modem connection.
The analyzer is automatically disconnected after the
selected amount of time (OFF, 1 min, 5 min, 10 min,
or 30 min) elapses without communication.
Except for the baud rate, all RS-232C settings are set as
follows.
Transfer method: Asynchronous communication method
Data length: 8 bits
Parity check: None (OFF)
Stop bit: 1
Flow control: None
Delimiter (sender, receiver): CR+ LF
As an example, assume the IP address is to be set to
192.168.0.1, and the subnet mask is to be set to
255.255.255.0.
TCP/IP settings on the computer (page 163)
After you have finished making the instrument settings, turn on the
modems power.
161
11.1.3 Setting the PC

Example
Computer OS
Modem
Windows 98
When using the DFML-560E made by I-O Data
Dial-up settings
Open [Dial-Up Networking].

Double-click [Dial-Up Networking] in
[My Computer], and open [Make New
Connection].
Set the dial-up connection point.
1.
2.
Type a name (example: [3196]) in the

connection name entry box.
For the modem setting, select the
modem that is to be used.
* If you cannot select the modem here,
install the modem beforehand.
3.
Press the [Configure...] button.

The Properties screen opens.
4.
5.
6.
Check that the communications port is

the same port that the modem is connected to.
Select [115200] bps (normal) as the
maximum speed.
Check that the setting is correct, and
click the [Connection] tab.
162
7.
Set the [Connection preferences] as

shown on the left.
* Normally, do not change [Call preferences] from the default setting.
If you are having trouble connecting using
an internal line, remove the [Wait for dial
tone before dialing] checkmark and try
again.
8.
9.
10.
Confirm that the settings are correct

and press the [OK] button, then press
the [Next] button in the original dialog
box.
Type the telephone number that the
instrument is connected to.
After you have entered the number,
press the [Next] button. To complete
Dial-Up Networking settings, press
the [Finish] button on the final confirmation screen.
Set the connection properties.

A "3196" connection icon is created.
Right-click the [3196] icon, or select

[Properties] from the [File] menu.
A dialog box like the one in the diagram
opens.
Confirm the telephone number for the

3196.
163
11.
Select the [Server Types] tab, and

make settings as shown in the diagram.
Select [TCP/IP] only.
12.
Press the [TCP/IP Settings...] button.

* Leave options on other sheets set to
their default settings.
13.
Once the [TCP/IP Settings] dialog box

opens, make settings as shown in the
diagram.
* In [IP address], be careful not to set the
same IP address as that set for the 3196.
For example, if you find that the setting
on the computer is 192.168.0.2, then you
could set the address on the instrument
to something like 192.168.0.1.
14.
After you have finished making the

settings, press the [OK] button.
* If you are having trouble making the
connection, remove the [Use IP header
compression] checkmark, and try again.
164
Connection to the instrument
1.
2.
3.
Double-click the [3196] icon.
Type [3196] in the user name entry

box, and [PASSWD] in the password
entry box.
Check whether the telephone number
for the instrument is correct, and
press the [Connect] button.
The [Connecting to 3196] dialog box
opens.
4.
Start up Internet Explorer, and enter

the IP address that you set for the
instrument (such as http://192.168.0.1/)
in the address column, then press the
Enter key.
When a normal connection is established,
the Main page for the instruments HTTP
server function opens.
Configure Internet Explorer so that it does
not use a proxy server.
(You can configure the [Use proxy
server] option by clicking [Internet
Options] on Internet Explorers [Tools]
menu, then clicking the [Connections]
tab.
165
11.2 Control and Monitoring Using a LAN Interface
11.2 Control and Monitoring Using a LAN

Interface
2
Connecting the 3196 to a hub using a LAN cable and controlling/

observing the 3196 from a PC
3196
10Base-T
Straight
cable
Hub
LAN
Hub
10Base-T
Straight
cable
Connecting the 3196 to a PC with a LAN cable and controlling/observing the 3196
3196
10Base-T
Cross
cable
Procedure
1.
2.
3.
Connect the instrument to a hub or computer with a LAN cable.

When connecting to a hub: 10BASE-T terminal, straight cable
When connecting to a computer: 10BASE-T terminal, cross cable
11.2.1 "Connecting the 3196" (page 166)
Make connection point settings on the 3196

11.2.2 "Setting the 3196" (page 166)
Make 3196 settings using the PC
Host name............................. (up to 12 characters)

IP address ............................. (***.***.***.***) ***:3 characters
Subnet mask ......................... (***.***.***.***) ***:3 characters
Default gateway ................... ON or OFF
Gateway ................................ (***.***.***.***)***:3 characters
11.2.3 "Setting the PC" (page 170)
Make the same connection and settings even when using the HTTP
server function or Down96 download application software.
166
11.2.1 Connecting the 3196

When connecting the instrument and computer through a hub:
Hub
A commercially sold hub.
10BASE-T cable
Straight cable (9642 LAN cable, you cannot use the supplied cross conversion cable)
When connecting the instrument and computer directly:

10BASE-T cable
Cross cable (9642 LAN cable, using the supplied cross conversion cable)
11.2.2 Setting the 3196

Configure connection on the instrument.
HARDWARE
MAC
Address
RS-232C
IP Address
Net Mask
Confirm
Cancel
1. Set the connection point.

OFF or PRINTER
2. Set the IP address.
***.***.***
3. Set the subnet mask.
***.***.***
When the connection point is set to OFF or PRINTER,
lights on the upper left of the screen.
Example:
How to Set the Instruments IP Address and Subnet Mask
When the computers IP address and subnet mask are as
follows:
IP address: 192.168.0.2
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
IP address of the 3196: 192.168.0.1
Set the last numerical value only in the computers IP
address to a different number.
Subnet mask of the 3196: 255.255.255.0
Set to the same value as the computers subnet mask.
167
The number displayed to the right of the Net Mask is the MAC Address.
This is the same as on the MAC Address label on the back panel.
When you set the printer as the RS connection point, you can use the
printer and LAN simultaneously. When you set the modem as the connection point, you cannot use the LAN.
When communicating with this device and a PC through a LAN, make the
proper network settings on this device.
When connecting to an existing LAN network, consult your system
administrator.
This device does not support DHCP (an IP address automatic acquisition
function).
About the settings

IP address
The TCP/IP used for LAN communications with this device uses an IP
address to differentiate each device.
With IP version 4 (IPv4), widely used at present, IP addresses consist
of 32-bit numbers. Normally, decimal notation is used to express each
octet (8 bits) of the IP address, such as in 192.168.1.1, and this
expression is joined with a period(.).
Network mask
IP addresses can be divided in 2: the network portion, expressing the

network position where devices are connected; and the host portion
that identifies devices on the network.
The net mask is used to indicate the ranges of the network and host
portions. The net mask expresses the bit corresponding to the network
portion as 1, and the bit corresponding to the host portion as 0.
(Example: When the network is assigned to the first 24 bits and the
host is assigned to the remaining 8 bits:
11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Normally, the IP address is expressed as a hexadecimal number
(0xffffff00) or as a decimal number (255.255.255.0).
Also, the length (number of bits) of the network portion can be
expressed as 192.168.1.0/24. In this case, the 24 that follows the /
indicates that the network portion is 24 bits.
Subnet mask
Except in an extremely limited number of cases, when constructing a

network within an organization, the network is usually divided in several smaller networks. In this case, each division of the IP network is
referred to as a subnetwork.
When the network is divided into subnetworks, the host portion of the
IP address is assigned to the subnetwork and the host, and you can
use the net mask to delimit the subnetwork and host portions. In this
case, the net mask is referred to as a subnet mask.
168
IP address
assignment
Because each device must have a unique address, IP addresses are

monitored by the RIR (Regional Internet Registry).
Usually, an ISP (internet service provider) is entrusted with the assignment of IP addresses to businesses, alleviating users of that ISP from
any problems. Otherwise, certain IP addresses can be used freely
within a distinct, closed network, as defined by RFC1597, as follows:
10.0.0.0/8
10. 0. 0. 0 to 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0/12
172. 16. 0. 0 to 172. 31.255.255
192.168.0.0/16 192.168. 0. 0 to 192.168.255.255
When using a cross cable to communicate on a locally between the
PC and this unit, or to communicate through a closed IP network,
select one of the addresses above.
However, addresses where the host portion bits are all 0 are used as
network addresses only to identify the network itself. Addresses where
the host portion bits are all 1 cannot be used as IP addresses
because they indicate all the hosts that exist on the network.
(Example: For an IP network that has a network address (192.168.1.0/
24):
The address 192.168.1.255 indicates all the devices that are connected to 192.168.1.0/24.
Because 254 IP addresses (192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254, except
192.168.1.0 and 192.168.1.255) can be used on this network, up to
254 devices can be connected to the network.
Gateway
The gateway is a device that connects different networks. On an IP

network, devices that connect different IP networks use a common
router. You must specify the routers IP address as the gateway
address.
In the 3196, there is no gateway setting.
Host name
With TCP/IP, individual devices are differentiated by their IP

addresses. However, IP addresses are hard to understand and difficult
to remember. Unlike IP addresses, a text string host name is assigned
and this is used instead of the IP address.
The IP address and host name are changed depending on the DNS
(Domain Name Server).
In the 3196, there is no host name setting.
169
Example of a network environment structure

Example 1: Connecting the 3196 to an existing network
When you connect the 3196 to an existing network, the system administrator must make the settings beforehand.
Make sure that the settings are unique to this device.
Note the following settings assigned by your system administrator.
IP address
Subnet mask
___.___.___.___
___.___.___.___
Example 2: Connecting several 3196 units to a single PC through a hub

When assembling a isolated local network, it is recommended that you use private IP addresses.
When assembling the network with the network address 192.168.1.0/24:
IP address ....................... PC: 192.168.1.1
This device: Add in the following order: 192.168.1.2, 192.168.1.3,
192.168.1.4, and so on.
Subnet mask ................... 255.255.255.0
Example 3: Connecting the 3196 locally to a PC using the 9642 LAN CABLE
When connecting the 3196 locally to a PC using the connector supplied with the 9642 LAN
CABLE, you can set the desired IP address, but we recommend that you use a private IP
address.
IP address ....................... PC: 192.168.1.1
This device: 192.168.1.2 (Set the IP address to a different value.)
Subnet mask ................... 255.255.255.0
170
11.2.3 Setting the PC

Example
Computer OS
Windows 98
When connecting the instrument and computer directly:
Confirm the properties for Internet protocol (TCP/IP).
1.
2.
Move the cursor over [Network Neighborhood] and right-click the mouse to
open the local area connection properties.
Select [TCP/IP], and press the [Properties] button.
171
3.
Confirm the IP address and subnet

mask for the computer you are using.
Do not check the [Obtain an IP address
automatically] option.
To set the instruments IP address,
change the final numerical value only for
the computers IP address.
To set the instruments subnet mask, set
the same value as the computers subnet
mask.
Example:
PC
IP address: 192.168.0.2
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
3196
IP address: 192.168.0.1
Subnet mask: 255.255.255.0
Connection to the instrument

Start up Internet Explorer, and enter the IP
address that you set for the instrument (such
as http://192.168.0.1) in the address column,
then press the Enter key.
When a normal connection is established, the
Main page for the instruments HTTP server
function opens.
Configuration of Internet Explorer:
Deselect the [Use proxy server] option.
Configure Internet Explorer so that it does not
use a proxy server by clicking [Internet
Options] on Internet Explorers [Tools] menu,
then clicking the [Connections] tab.
If connection fails:
Check the following items.
Verify that you are using a straight LAN cable. If you are using a straight LAN cable, the computers LINK LED lights.
Verify that you set the IP address and subnet mask.
Verify that the instruments RS connection point is the modem.
Verify that you are receiving a normal response from the ping command on the computers DOS
prompt screen.
Verify that the checkmark is removed from the Internet browser proxy setting.
172
11.3 HTTP Server Function

11.3.1 Overview
The HTTP server function allows you to use any Internet browser,
such as Internet Explorer, without having to install dedicated software
on the PC to make settings for the 3196, acquire data, or observe
screens. You can use the following functions.
However, functions other than the remote control application function
are supported by version 1.02 or later of this instrument.
Remote control
application
Displays the screen currently displayed on the 3196 in

the Internet browser.
You can enter the keys so that they are in the same position as the keys on
the 3196.
You can select from a black and white or color display, and select the
screen update rate.
Event list
Displays the event list stored in this devices internal memory on the
Internet browser.
By selecting an event, you can display the details, waveform, vector, and
harmonic bar graph for the time that event occurred.
You can also convert the voltage and current waveforms for the time the
event occurred directly into text, and edit the data in MS-Excel.
When using Internet Explorer as the Internet browser, you can edit the
data in MS-Word and use it to create a report.
System settings
You can make all of the settings for the instruments [SYSTEM] screen
using an Internet browser.
Starting and finishing measurement
You can control the start and finish of measurement using the Internet
browser.
Internet Explorer Version 4 or later is supported.

You can also use Netscape Navigator, but some screens may not
operate correctly.
173
11.3.2 Setting the HTTP Server Function

Main Page
Start up Internet Explorer, and enter the IP
address that you set for the instrument (example: http://192.168.0.1/) in the address column,
then press the Enter key.
When a normal connection is established, the
Main page for the instruments HTTP server
function opens.
To shift between the various screens, click the
mouse as you would on a normal homepage.
Remote Control Application Screen

The screen displayed on the Internet browser is
the same as the screen displayed on the instrument with the same key placement as the front
panel.
You can control the operation of the instrument
by clicking each key.
Select [MONO/COLOR], then select a screen
update rate from OFF, 2 sec, 10 sec, and 1
min.
When the remote control application starts,
[MONO] (displays keys only) is set as the
default, but you should change this to [COLOR]
before using the application.
Event List Screen

The screen displays a list of the events currently recorded in this devices internal memory.
Click an event category to display the event
details screen (detailed information for the time
the event occurred).
On the event list screen, you can select a display update interval (STOP RENEWAL, 5 SEC,
10 SEC, 30 SEC, 1 MIN, 15 MIN, 30 MIN, or
1H).
174
Event Detailed Screen

Just like the instrument, this screen displays a list of representational event categories and
simultaneously occurring events.
You can also display waveforms, vectors, and harmonics for event occurrence by selecting a
graph.
The Internet browser displays the same screen as the instruments analysis screen when an
event occurrence is moved from the event list screen using the ENTER key.
Event Waveform Screen

You can select the voltage, current, and waveform scales.
When a transient occurs, the transient waveform is displayed.
If multiple transients occur simultaneously, a
link is displayed, and you can display the next
waveform by following the link.
If you click on the waveform display area in the
event waveform screen, text data is sent from
the instrument.
MS-Excel starts automatically, and you can create graphs using the text data for the voltage or
current waveform that you clicked.
Event Vector Screen

The graphs Y-axis is set to LOG. You can
select the numeric display.
175
Event Harmonic Bar Graph Screen

You can select the display channel, numeric
display, and order number.
Creating Reports
You can select the display channel, numeric display, and order number.
When using Internet Explorer as the Internet browser in the event details screen, you can create reports using MS-Word.
When the Internet Explorer HTML editor is set
to Word:
Displays the HTTP server functions event list
screen.
Select [Edit with Microsoft Word for Windows] from the [File] menu or toolbar.
MS-Word starts, and the data displayed in
Internet Explorer is pasted into MS-Word.
You can edit the data in MS-Word, and use it to
create an event report.
Note: MS-Word 97 or later must be installed on
your computer.
To set the Internet Explorer HTML editor to
Word:
Select [Internet Options] on Internet
Explorers [Tools] menu.
On the [Programs] tab in the window that
opened, select [Microsoft Word for Windows]
in [HTML editor].
176
System Setting Screen

Options can be selected in [SYSTEM] [MAIN].
The event settings can be made. However,
interface settings, text save option selections,
and event settings cannot be made.
Click setting items on the left side of the screen
to display them on the right.
Start and finish measurement screen

This screen allows you to start and stop measurement, and execute the data reset control
for the instrument.
You can also display the current measurement
status.
177
12.1 Product Specifications
Specifications
Chapter 12

The specifications below apply to the 3196 POWER QUALITY ANALYZER.
For the product specifications of the EN50160, see the Instruction Manual for EN50160.
Environmental and Safety Specifications

Operating environment
Indoors, altitude up to 2000 m (6562-ft.)
Storage temperature and

humidity
-20C to 50C (-4F to 122F), 80% RH or less (no condensation)
Operating temperature and

humidity
0C to 40C (32F to 104F), 80% RH or less (non-condensating)

In the temperature range -10C to 0C(14F to 32F), battery pack and PC
card use are not supported. The LCD and accuracy are also not guaranteed.
Maximum input voltage
Voltage inputs: 780 Vrms, 1103 V peak value

Current inputs: 1.7 Vrms, 2.4 V peak value
Maximum rated voltage to

earth
Voltage input terminals: 600 Vrms(50/60 Hz)
Dielectric strength
(50 Hz for 1 min.)
5.55 kVrms for one minute (current sensitivity 1 mA)

Between voltage and clamp input terminals, between voltage input terminals and instrument case, between voltage input terminals U1 to U3 and U4
Enclosure protection
IP30 (per EN60529)
Applicable Standards
Safety
EMC
EN61010-1:2001
Voltage Input: Pollution Degree 2,
Measurement Category III (anticipated transient overvoltage
6000V)
EN61326:1997+A1:1998+A2:2001 Class A
EN61000-3-2:2000
EN61000-3-3:1995+A1:2001
178
Input Specifications
Measurement line type
One single-phase 2-wire (1P2W), single-phase 3-wire (1P3W), three-phase

3-wire (3P3W2M,3P3W3M) or three-phase 4-wire (3P4W) plus one extra input channel
Input channels
Voltage: Four channels U1 to U4 (extra channel U4 can measure AC or

DC)
Current: Four channels I1 to I4
Input methods
Voltage: Isolated inputs and differential operation

Between U1,U2 and U3: these channels are not isolated from one
another
Between U1 to U3 and U4: channel U4 is isolated
Current: input is isolated by the clamp-on sensor (voltage input)
Input resistance (50/60 Hz)
Voltage: 4 M 10% (differential input)

Current: 200 k 10%
Measurement method
Simultaneous digital sampling of voltage and current

PLL synchronization (during instantaneous low period of PLL synchronization source, switches to a fixed clock, with no sampling gap during switching)
PLL synch channel source
One of voltages U1, U2 or U3
PLL synch frequency range 42.5 Hz to 69 Hz

Sampling frequency
For calculations (including DC measurements): 256 per cycle

For harmonic and inter-harmonic analysis:
2048 per 10 cycles (50Hz)
2048 per 12 cycles (60Hz)
For transient overvoltage (impulse): 2 MHz
A/D converter resolution
For calculations (including DC measurements): 16 bits

For transient overvoltage (impulse): 12 bits
Compatible clamp
sensors
0.5 Vrms output or more for full-scale current (0.5 Vrms recommended)
Output-to-input ratios of 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 mV/A
Basic Specifications
Backup lithium battery life
Lithium battery to back up clock and settings, approx. 10 years (reference at

23C, 73F)
Clock functions
Auto calendar, auto leap year, 24-hour clock
Real-time clock accuracy
0.3 s/day or better (instrument on), 3 s/day or better (instrument off)
Internal memory data

capacity
13 MB
Maximum recording period
1 month (when using internal memory)
Maximum recordable events 100 events (when using the internal memory) (when using the PC card, up
to 1000 events)
External control terminals
External event input, external event output
Power supply
9458 AC ADAPTER (SINO-AMERICAN SA 60-12 V) (12 VDC 5%, 4.5 A)

Rated voltage: 100 to 240 VAC (a change in voltage of 10% taken into consideration), 50/60 Hz, maximum rated current: 1.2 A
9459 BATTERY PACK(Sanyo 6HR-AU Ni-MH) for backup during power off
Recharge function
Using the 9458 AC ADAPTER or 9459 BATTERY PACK to recharge while

the 3196 is operating.
Maximum rated power
40 VA
179
Basic Specifications
Continuous battery operation time
Approx. 30 minutes with the 9459 BATTERY PACK (fully charged, 23C,
73F)
Dimensions
Approx. 298W x 215H x 67D mm (not including protrusions)

(11.73"W x 8.46"H x 2.64"D)
Mass
Approx. 2.0 kg (70.5 oz) (without the battery pack),

(mass of battery pack: approx. 250 g (8.8 oz))
Power quality conforming

standard
IEEE1159, EN50160:1999, IEC61000-4-30:2003
Display Specifications
Display language
English, German, French, Italian, Spanish or Japanese
Display device
6.4-inch TFT color LCD (640 480 pixels)
Dot pitch
0.202 (V) mm 0.202 (H) mm (0.01"V 0.01"H)
External Interface Specifications

PC Card Interface
Slot
TYPE II conforming to the PCMCIA/JEIDA PC Card Standard x 1 base
Supported cards
Flash ATA cards (at least 13 MB)
Supported storage capacity 528 MB

Data format
MS-DOS
Recording contents
Setting files, binary, text and screen image data
RS-232C Interface
Compliant standards
RS-232C EIA RS-232C, CCITT V.24, JIS X5101
Connector
One 9-pin D-sub
Connection devices
Printer or modem
Communication protocols
PPP or TCP/IP (modem only)
Print function
Hard copy
LAN Interface
Connector
10Base-T, RJ-45 connector x 1
Communication protocols
Ethernet, TCP/IP
180
Accessories and Options

Accessories
9438-02 VOLTAGE CORD

1 set: 8 cords (red, yellow, blue, and gray (one
each), and 4 black cords)
9458 AC ADAPTER ......1 (The power cord can be selected in country specifications.)
9459 BATTERY PACK (NiMH, 7.2 V/2700 mAh)
Strap..............................1
Quick Start Manual........1 (booklet)
Instruction Manual for EN50160....1 (booklet)
CD-R .............................1 disc (Instruction Manual, Instruction Manual for
EN50160, Down96 Download application software)
LAN connector cover.....1
Input cord label..............1
Options
9661 CLAMP ON SENSOR (500 A rms rating) voltage output type

9667 FLEXIBLE CLAMP ON SENSOR (500 A rms, 5000 A rms rating)
voltage output type
9290 CLAMP ON ADAPTER
9458 AC ADAPTER
9459 BATTERY PACK
9670 PRINTER (BL-80RS II made by SANEI ELECTRIC INC. )
9671 AC ADAPTER (for the 9670) (BL-100W made by SANEI ELECTRIC
INC. )
9638 RS-232C CABLE (for the printer)
9237 RECORDING PAPER (80 mm x 25 m, 4 rolls)
9624 PQA-HiVIEW (PC application software)
9624-10 PQA-HiVIEW PRO (PC application software)
9339 CARRYING CASE (soft type, storage room for the voltage cord and
clamp-on sensor)
9340 CARRYING CASE (hard type, storage room for the voltage cord and
clamp-on sensor)
9264-01 WIRING ADAPTER (for three-phase 3-wire (3P3W3M) voltage)
9264-02 WIRING ADAPTER (for three-phase 4-wire voltage)
9626 PC CARD 32M (32MB compact flash card + adapter)
9642 LAN CABLE
181
12.2 Measurement Specifications

Measurements
Items detected at 2 MHz sampling without a gap
Item
Variable
1P2W
1P3W/
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
3P4W
(impulse)
Utran
1,4
1, 2, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
MAX/MIN/AVE
Items measured in half waves (calculates one waveform overlapped by half a wave) without
gaps
Item
Variable
1P2W
1P3W/
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
3P4W
Voltage swell
Uswell
1, 2
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Voltage dip (sag)
Udip
1, 2
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
UInterruption
1, 2
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
RMS voltage value (one wave U

shifted over half a wave)
Voltage fluctuation
1, 2
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Instantaneous flicker
S(t)
1, 2
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
MAX/MIN/AVE
Items measured every 200 ms (about once every 10 cycles at 50 Hz or every 12 cycles at
60 Hz) without a gap
Item
Variable
1P2W
1P3W/
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
3P4W
MAX/MIN/
AVE
Voltage frequency
Freq
PLL source PLL source
PLL source
PLL source
Voltage waveform peak ()
Upeak
1,4
1, 2, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
Current waveform peak ()
Ipeak
1,4
1, 2, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
RMS voltage value
Urms
LINELINE/
1,4
PHASE-N
1, 2, 4, ave 1, 2, 3, 4, ave 1, 2, 3, 4, ave *
RMS current value
Irms
1,4
1, 2, 4, ave 1, 2, 3, 4, ave 1, 2, 3, 4, ave *
Active power
1, 2, sum
1, 2, 3, sum
1, 2, 3, sum
Apparent power
1, 2, sum
1, 2, 3, sum
1, 2, 3, sum
Reactive power
1, 2, sum
1, 2, 3, sum
1, 2, 3, sum
Power factor/displacement
power factor
PF/DPF
1, 2, sum
1, 2, 3, sum
1, 2, 3, sum
Uunb
sum
sum
Iunb
sum
sum
Harmonic voltage
(1st to 50th orders)
Uharm
RMS/%
1,4
1, 2, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
Harmonic current
Iharm
RMS/%
1,4
1, 2, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
Harmonic power
Pharm
RMS/%
1, 2, sum
sum
1, 2, 3, sum
(orders 0.5 to 49.5)
Uharm-i
RMS/%
1,4
1, 2, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
(orders 0.5 to 49.5)
Iharm-i
RMS/%
1,4
1, 2, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1,4
1, 2, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
Harmonic voltage phase angle uharm

182
Items measured every 200 ms (about once every 10 cycles at 50 Hz or every 12 cycles at
60 Hz) without a gap
1P2W
1P3W/
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
3P4W
Harmonic current phase angle iharm

1,4
1, 2, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
Harmonic voltage-current
phase difference (1st to 50th or- harm
ders)
1, 2, sum
sum
1, 2, 3, sum
Item
Variable
MAX/MIN/
AVE
Uthd
-F/-R
1,4
1, 2, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
Ithd
-F/-R
1,4
1, 2, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4

distortion factor
Uthd-i
-F/-R
1,4
1, 2, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
-F/-R
1,4
1, 2, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1,4
1, 2, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2, 3, 4
Total inter-harmonic current dis- Ithd-i

tortion factor
K factor
KF
Items measured in 1-minute intervals without a gap

Item
Variable
1P2W
1P3W/
3P3W2M 3P3W3M 3P4W
V10 flicker
Select a channel to calculate
V10
1, 2
1, 2, 3
MAX/MIN/
AVE
1, 2, 3
Items measured in 10-minute intervals without a gap

Item
Variable
1P2W
1P3W/
3P3W2M 3P3W3M 3P4W
Short interval IEC voltage flicker
Pst
1, 2
1, 2, 3
MAX/MIN/
AVE
1, 2, 3
Items measured in 2-hour intervals without a gap

Item
Variable
1P2W
1P3W/
3P3W3M 3P4W
3P3W2M
Long interval IEC voltage flicker
Plt
1, 2
1, 2, 3
MAX/MIN/
AVE
1, 2, 3
*: Indicates that you can display the MAX, MIN, and AVE (all three) for the MAX/MIN/AVE interval.
When CH4 is set to AC or DC, all of CH4 is displayed. (However, the 0 order of harmonics is not displayed.)
When CH4 is off, CH4 is not displayed. (However, the waveform display is displayed.)
U, U, or S(t) is measured, depending on which is selected.
V10 or Pst/Plt is measured, depending on which is selected.
183
Conditions of Guaranteed Accuracy

Conditions of Guaranteed
Accuracy
After 30 min warm-up, however, when measuring AC voltage; sine-wave input, PF=1, synchronized PLL
235C(739F), 80% RH or less (applies to all specifications unless otherTemperature and humidity
wise noted)
for guaranteed accuracy
Guaranteed accuracy period 6 months
Fundamental waveform
range for guaranteed accuracy
42.5 to 69 Hz
Display area for guaranteed Effective measurement area

accuracy
Indicator
Total display area
0.15 to 130% of selected range (RMS voltage value, RMS current value, effective power, apparent power, reactive power, power factor)
Display is suppressed to zero when less than 0.15%.
0.3 to 130% of selected range (DC voltage)
Display is suppressed to zero when less than 0.3%.
0 to 130% of selected range (measurement items other than the above)
Effective measurement area 1 to 110% of selected range
Miscellaneous Measurement Items

(for all calculation items, there are no gaps of measurements)
RMS Voltage
Measurement method
True RMS type

Measurement at 256 points per cycle about once every 10 cycles at 50 Hz
or every 12 cycles at 60 Hz (approximately every 200 ms).
Display item
RMS voltage value for each channel or AVE (average) RMS voltage value
for multiple channels
(For details, see the formula.(page 197))
Display conversion function Three-phase 3-wire (3P3W3M):
(LINE-LINE, line-to-line voltage)-Y (PHASE-N, phase-to-neutral voltage)

conversion (The central point is calculated as the center.)
Three-phase 4-wire:
Y (phase-to-neutral voltage)-(line-to-line voltage)conversion
Measurement range
CH1 to 3: 150.00/300.00/600.00 V rms

CH4:
60.000/150.00/300.00/600.00 V rms
CH4 (for DC measurement): 60.000/600.00 V pk
Range selection
Manual range (Same operation switches the range for CH1 to 3.)
DC measurement
MEAN calculation
Measurement accuracy
AC: 0.2% rdg. 0.1% f.s.

DC: 0.3% rdg. 0.4% f.s.
Crest factor
Less than 3 (for full-scale input)
184
RMS Current
Measurement method
True RMS type

Measurement at 256 points per cycle about once every 10 cycles at 50 Hz
or every 12 cycles at 60 Hz (approximately every 200 ms).
Item
The RMS current value for each channel or the AVE (average) RMS current
value for multiple channels (For details, see the formula.(page 198))
Measurement range
CH1 to 4
When using a 0.1 mV/A sensor..................... 500.00A/5000.0 A rms
When using a 1 mV/A sensor, 9661.............. 50.000A/500.00 A rms
When using a 1 mV/A sensor, 9660.............. 50.000A/100.00 A rms
When using a 10 mV/A sensor, 9694............ 5.0000A/50.000 A rms
When using a 100 mV/A sensor.................... 500.00 mA/5.0000 A rms
When using a 9667sensor, 5000 A range..... 500.00A/5.0000 kA rms
When using a 9667sensor, 500 A range....... 50.000A/500.00 A rms
When using a 9669 sensor ........................... 100.00A/1.0000 kA rms
Range selection
Manual range (Same operation switches the range for CH1 to 3.)
0.2% rdg. 0.1% f.s. + clamp sensor specification accuracy
Crest factor
Less than 4 (for full-scale input)
Transient Overvoltage (impulse)

Measurement method
For detection, samples at 2 MHz are compared with calculation samples
Measurement range
CH1 to 4: 2000 V pk
Displayed items
Peak voltage: This value exceeds the threshold and can be up to the maximum value.
Period: Period threshold is exceeded (max. 4 ms)
Minimum detectable duration
0.5s
5.0% rdg. 20 V (Conforms to 1000 V/DC or 700 V rms/100 kHz.)
Frequency range
DC to 200 kHz (-3 dB) (Conforms to 20 V rms)
Restrictions on saving
waveforms
Saves waveforms that have a maximum transient overvoltage value (absolute value) within the basic voltage wave. (Waveforms in which the peak
point is the center.)
RMS Voltage (value calculated for one waveform shifted over half a wave)
Measurement method
True RMS type

Data samples of each half of one cycle (256 points) of the voltage waveform
are overlapped, and the RMS voltage is obtained by calculating from one
half cycle.
(the line-to-line voltage is used for three-phase 3-wire (3P3W3M) systems,
and the phase-to-neutral voltage is used for three-phase 4-wire systems)
Voltage Swell
Displayed items
Swell amplitude and duration
Threshold and hysteresis
% of basic voltage
Voltage swell height
swell to (threshold)%
When the RMS voltage (value calculated for one waveform shifted over half
a wave) exceeds the threshold in the right direction,
the swell is detected and the threshold height displayed.
Voltage swell interval
The interval from the time of swell is detected until the threshold minus the
hysteresis is exceeded in the wrong direction.
185
Voltage Dip
Displayed items
Dip depth and duration
% of basic voltage
Voltage dip depth
dip to (threshold)%
a wave) exceeds the threshold in the wrong direction,
the dip is detected and the threshold depth displayed.
Voltage dip interval
The interval from time the dip is detected until the threshold added the hysteresis is exceeded in the right direction.
Interruption
Display items
Interruption interval (and interruption depth)
% of basic voltage
Interruption depth
Interruption to (threshold)%
a wave) exceeds the threshold in the wrong direction,
the interruption is detected and the threshold height displayed.
Interruption interval
The interval from the time of interruption is detected until the threshold added the hysteresis is exceeded in the right direction.
Frequency
Measurement method
Reciprocal frequencies are sampled at 2 MHz about once every 10 cycles

at 50 Hz or every 12 cycles at 60 Hz (approximately every 200 ms).
Measurement range
42.500 to 69.000 Hz
Measurement range
99.999 Hz
Measurement source
One of voltages U1, U2 or U3 (the same as the PLL synchronization source)
Less than 10 mHz

For a sine wave input with a voltage range of 10% to 110%.
Voltage Waveform Peak

Measurement method
Waveform consists of 256 points/cycle, measured every 12 or 10 cycles at

50 or 60 Hz, respectively (approx. 200 ms)
Maximum and minimum sampling points within 200 ms
Display items
Positive peak value and negative peak value
Measurement range
Area of the RMS voltage range to which the crest factor was added.
Current Waveform Peak

Measurement method

Maximum and minimum sampling points in 200 ms
Display items
Positive peak value and negative peak value
Measurement range
Area of the RMS current range to which the crest factor was added.
186
Active Power
Measurement method

Calculated by averaging sampled voltage and current waveform data
Display items
Active power of each channel and its sum for multiple channels. (For details,
see the formula.(page 198))
Measurement range
Depends on the voltage current range combination. (See the power range
configuration table (page 190).)
0.2% rdg. 0.1% f.s. + clamp sensor specification accuracy (power factor
= 1)(The total is the sum of the channels used.)
Power factor influence
1.0% rdg. (45 Hz to 66 Hz, power factor = 0.5)
Polarity display
For influx (consumption) No symbol

For outflow (regenerative) "-"
Apparent Power
Measurement method
Calculated from RMS voltage U and RMS current I.
Display item
Apparent power of each channel and its sum for multiple channels. (For details, see the formula.(page 198))
Measurement range
Depends on the voltage x current range combination. (See the power range
1 dgt. for calculations derived from the various measurement values. (sum
is 3 dgt.)
Polarity display
No polarity
Reactive Power
Measurement method
Calculated using apparent power S and active power P.
Display item
Reactive power of each channel and its sum for multiple channels. (For details, see the formula.(page 199))
Measurement range
Depends on the voltage x current range combination. (See the power range
is 3 dgt.)
Polarity display
For phase lag (LAG: current is slower than voltage): no symbol

For lead phase (LEAD: current is faster than voltage): "-"
Power Factor
Measurement method
Calculated from RMS voltage U, RMS current I, and active power P.
Display item
Power factor of each channel or its sum for multiple channels. (For details,
see the formula.(page 199))
Measurement range
-1.000 (lead) to 0.000 to +1.000 (lag)
value is 3 dgt.)
Polarity display

187
Displacement Power Factor

Measurement method
Calculated from the phase difference between the fundamental voltage

wave and the fundamental current wave.
Display item
Displacement power factor of each channel and its sum value for multiple
channels. (For details, see the formula.(page 200))
Measurement range
-1.000 (lead) to 0.000 to +1.000 (lag)
0.5% rdg. 0.2% f.s. 1 dgt. (sum value is 3 dgt.)
Polarity display

Voltage Unbalance Factor

Measurement method
Calculated using various components of the three-phase fundamental voltage wave (line-to-line voltage) for three-phase 3-wire (3P3W3M) and threephase 4-wire connections. (For details, see the formula. (page 200))
Total display area
0.00% to 100.00%
Current Unbalance Factor

Measurement method
Calculated using various components of the three-phase fundamental current wave (line-to-line current) for three-phase 3-wire (3P3W3M) and threephase 4-wire connections. (For details, see the formula. (page 201))
Display range
0.00% to 100.00%
K Factor (multiplication factor)

Measurement method
Calculated using the harmonic RMS current of the 2nd to 50th orders. (For
details, see the formula. (page 203))
Display range
0.00 to 500.00
U Voltage Fluctuation
Measurement method
Change in RMS voltage (value calculated for one waveform shifted over
half a wave) with respect to standard voltage
Display range
Nominal voltage
S(t) Instantaneous Flicker value

Measurement method
Per IEC61000-4-15
Weighting filters
230 V lamp 50 Hz system, 120 V lamp 60 Hz system
V10 Flicker
Measurement method
Calculated using the V10 perceived flicker curve .(page 207)

V10 is measured at 1 minute intervals without gaps.
100 V conversion value
Display item
V10 measured at one minute intervals, average value for one hour, maximum value for one hour, fourth largest value for one hour, total (within the
measurement interval) maximum value
Standard voltage
Automatic (using AGC)
4%rdg.0.01V
Conditions of guaranteed
accuracy
For 100 V RMS fundamental wave (50/60 Hz), 1 V RMS fluctuating voltage,
and 10 Hz fluctuating frequency.
188
IEC Flicker: short interval flicker value Pst and long interval flicker value Plt
Measurement method
Per IEC61000-4-15:1997+A1:2003
Pst is calculated after 10 minutes of continuous measurement and Plt after
2 hours of continuous measurement.
Flicker range
Uses logarithms to divides 0.0001 to 10000 P.U. into 1024.
Flicker filter
120V lamp, 230V lamp
Pst: 5% rdg.(as set forth for IEC61000-4-15 performance testing)

Valid for input ranging from 50 to 100% of the voltage measurement range
Harmonic Voltage, Current and Power (including fundamental waveform content)

Measurement method
Per IEC61000-4-7:2002
Harmonic voltage and harmonic current: After harmonic analysis is performed, the adjacent inter-harmonics component is added to the harmonics
component of whole orders and displayed.
Harmonic power: Displays the harmonic power of each channel and its sum
for multiple channels. (For details, see the formula.(page 203))
Harmonic analysis window

width
10 or 12 cycles for 50 or 60 Hz, respectively
Number of points in 1 window
2048 points
Rectangular
Harmonic analysis frequen- 1st to 50th orders (of 42.5- to 69-Hz fundamental waveform)
cies
At 50/60 Hz:
Harmonic voltage and harmonic current:
1st to 20th orders: 0.5% rdg. 0.2% f.s.
Harmonic power:
31st to 40th orders:2.0% rdg. 0.3% f.s.
41st to 50th orders:3.0% rdg. 0.3% f.s.
However, the clamp sensors accuracy is added when calculating harmonic
current and harmonic power.
Inter-Harmonic Voltage and Current

Measurement method
Per IEC61000-4-7:2002
After harmonic analysis, harmonic voltage and current are summed and displayed as inter-harmonic contents with the harmonic contents according to
harmonic order

width
10 or 12 cycles for 50 or 60 Hz, respectively
Number of points in 1 window
2048 points
Rectangular
Harmonic analysis frequen- 0.5 to 49.5 orders (of 42.5- to 69-Hz fundamental waveform)
cies
Unspecified
189
Harmonic Voltage/Current Phase Angle (including fundamental wave components)

Measurement method
After harmonic analysis, the harmonic phase angle components for whole
orders are displayed.
(Set the phase angle for the PLL source of the fundamental wave to 0.)
Not defined
Harmonic Voltage/Current Phase Difference (including fundamental wave components)

Measurement method
After harmonic analysis, the difference between harmonic voltage and current phase angles is displayed
Display items
Harmonic voltage-current phase difference for each channel and sum (total)
value for multiple channels
(For details, see the formula.(page 206))
At 50/60 Hz:
1st to 3rd orders: 2, 4th to 50th orders: (0.02 k+2) (k: harmonic orders)
However, clamp sensor accuracy is added.
Accuracy range
Harmonic voltage and current level for each order within 1% of the range.
Total Harmonic Voltage/Current Distortion Factor

Measurement display
THD-F (total harmonic distortion factor for the fundamental wave)

THD-R (total harmonic distortion factor for the total harmonic including the
fundamental wave)
Total Inter-harmonic Voltage/Current Distortion Factor

Measurement display
THD-F (total inter-harmonic distortion factor for the fundamental wave)

THD-R (total inter-harmonic distortion factor for the total harmonic including
the fundamental wave)
Other Characteristics
Frequency characteristic
69 Hz to 1 kHz:
1 kHz to 3 kHz:
Temperature characteristic
AC: Within 0.03% f.s./C (from 0 to 18C and from 28 to 40C)

DC: Within 0.1% f.s./C (from 0 to 18C and from 28 to 40C)
Effect of common mode

voltage
0.2% f.s. or less (600 Vrms, 50/60 Hz, between voltage input terminal and
instrument case)
Effect of external magnetic

field
1.5% f.s. or less (in a magnetic field of 400 A/m rms, 50/60 Hz)
3% f.s.
10% f.s. (RMS voltage, RMS current), 15% f.s. (active
power)
190
Power Range Configuration Tables

When using a 0.1 mV/A (5000A) sensor
When using a 1 mV/A (500A) sensor or

9661 sensor
Current range
500.00 A
Voltage range
5000.0 A
Current range
50.000 A
Voltage range
500.00 A
150.00 V
75.000 k
750.00 k
150.00 V
7.5000 k
75.000 k
300.00 V
150.00 k
1.5000 M
300.00 V
15.000 k
150.00 k
600.00 V
300.00 k
3.0000 M
600.00 V
30.000 k
300.00 k
When using a 10 mV/A (50A) sensor or

9694 sensor
When using a 9660 sensor

Current range
50.000 A
Voltage range
100.00 A
Current range
5.0000 A
Voltage range
50.000 A
150.00 V
7.5000 k
15.000 k
150.00 V
750.00
7.5000 k
300.00 V
15.000 k
30.000 k
300.00 V
1.5000 k
15.000 k
600.00 V
30.000 k
60.000 k
600.00 V
3.0000 k
30.000 k
When using a 100 mV/A (5A) sensor
When using a 9667 sensor 5000A range
Current range
500.00 mA
Voltage range
5.0000 A
Current range
500.00 A
Voltage range
5.0000 kA
150.00 V
75.000
750.00
150.00 V
75.000 k
750.00 k
300.00 V
150.00
1.5000 k
300.00 V
150.00 k
1.5000 M
600.00 V
300.00
3.0000 k
600.00 V
300.00 k
3.0000 M
When using a 9667 sensor 500A range
When using a 9669 sensor
Current range
50.000 A
Voltage range
500.00 A
Current range
100.00 A
Voltage range
1.0000 kA
150.00 V
7.500 k
75.000 k
150.00 V
15.000 k
150.00 k
300.00 V
15.000 k
150.00 k
300.00 V
30.000 k
300.00 k
600.00 V
30.000 k
300.00 k
600.00 V
60.000 k
600.00 k
Applies to the active power of each channel (unit W), apparent power (unit VA), and reactive power
(unit var).
Event Specifications
Event contents
Various events, measurement start, measurement stop
Event detection method
Detects events with OR.
Measurement used for

event detection
Interruption values of measurements (Inter-harmonics detection is not possible.) (Event detection for MAX, MIN, and AVE values is not possible.)
191
12.3 Setting Functions

System Settings
CH1, 2, 3
CH4
Measured line
1P2W, 1P3W, 3P3W2M, 3P3W3M, 3P4W
AC, DC, and OFF
Clamp sensor ratings
0.1 mV/A, 1 mV/A, 10 mV/A, 100 mV/A
Same as CH1, CH2, and CH3.
Voltage range
150 V, 300 V, 600 V
For AC: 60 V, 150 V, 300 V, 600 V

For DC: 60 V, 600 V
PT ratio
1, 60, 100, 200, 300, 600, 700, 1000, 2000,

2500, 5000, VARIABLE (0.01 to 9999.99)
Current range
When using a 0.1 mV/A sensor:

500 A, 5000 A
When using a 1 mV/A sensor:
(9661): 50 A, 500 A
(9660): 50 A, 100 A
(9694): 5 A, 50 A
500 mA, 5 A
When using a 9667 sensor:
(5000 A range): 500 A, 5000 A
(500 A range): 50 A, 500 A
When using a 9669 sensor:
100 A, 1000 A
CT ratio
1, 40, 60, 80, 120, 160, 200, 240, 300, 400, Same as CH1, CH2, and CH3.
600, 800, 1200, VARIABLE (0.01 to 9999.99)
Measured line frequency
50/60 Hz
PLL synchronization/Frequency source
Voltage: U1, U2, U3
Measured RMS voltage

selection
Phase-to-neutral voltage and line-to-line voltage
Measured harmonic selection
RMS and % of fundamental (content percentage)
Measured harmonic distortion factor selection
THD-F (basic wave standard)/THD-R (total harmonic value standard)
Power factor selection
Flicker measurement selec- OFF/ V10/ Pst,Plt

tion
Nominal voltage
100/ 101/ 110/ 120/ 200/ 202/ 208/ 220/ 230/ 240/ 277/ 346/ 380/ 400/ 415/
480/ 600/ VARIABLE (50 to 600 V in 1 V increments)
Voltage recording
Urms/ U/ S(t)
Flicker measurement CH
U1 to U3
Filter
120 V lamp/ 230 V lamp
EN50160
ON/ OFF
192
Hardware Settings
Display language
English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Japanese
Beep
ON/ OFF
Screen colors
COLOR 1 to 4, MONO
LCD backlight
ON/ Auto OFF (I m, 5 m, 10 m, 30 m, 1 h)
Real-time settings
Year/month/day/hour/minute
System reset
You can reset the unit to its defaults with the system's reset procedure.
(This does not reset the display language, clock, IP address, or subnet
mask.)
Version information
Software version display
Print interval
OFF, 1 m, 5 m, 10 m, 30 m, 1 h, 2 h
AUTO copy
OFF/ ON
Measurement Time Control Settings

Real time control
OFF (Manual) / ON (time settings)
Start and end time settings
year/month/day/hour/minute (24-hour clock)
Time Series Data Settings

Interval settings
1 s, 3 s, 15 s, 30 s, 1 m, 5 m, 10 m, 30 m, 1 h, 2 h
MAX/MIN/AVE settings
AVE value/(MAX value, MIN value, AVE value)
Recorded item settings
Pattern 1, Pattern 2, Pattern 3

Voltage (one wave shifted
over half a wave)
Frequency
RMS voltage value
RMS current value
Active power
Apparent power
Reactive power
power factor
Recorded item
Pattern
Harmonic power
phase difference
Harmonic voltage
Harmonic current
distortion factor
Total inter-harmonic current
distortion factor
K factor
Flicker ( V10 or Pst, PLt)
193
Data Save Settings (save methods for time series data and event data)
Data save area
Always saves data in the internal memory (when a PC card is connected,

saves data on the PC card as well)
Settings when the data save STOP/ LOOP

(When LOOP is set: Time series data in internal memory: first in first out,
area is full
event data: the worst event data is overwritten)
External Interface Settings

RS-232C output point
printer/modem/OFF (The LAN may be used when modem is not set as the
output point.)
RS-232C settings
Baud rate (bps): 9600, 19200, 38400, 57600, 115200

(Other settings are fixed, transfer method: asynchronous communication
method, data length: 8 bits, parity check: none, stop bit: 1, flow control:
off, delimiter: CR + LF)
Modem setting
Modem communication monitoring time: OFF/ 1min/ 5min/ 10min/ 30min
LAN settings
IP address: 3 characters.3 characters.3 characters.3 characters

(***.***.***.***)
Subnet mask: 3 characters.3 characters.3 characters.3 characters
(***.***.***.***)
PC Card Settings
Auto-save settings
OFF, BINARY, TEXT
PC card access function
Load (BINARY only), Save (BINARY or TEXT), Delete, Initialize
TEXT content setting
Fundamental, power, and channel settings.

Harmonics, maximum order number, and channel settings.
Repeated Recording Settings

Repeated recording settings OFF/ 1 day/ 1 week
The number of repeated
recording operations
1 to 99 times
Repeated recording function operable when MemoryFull: LOOP, Auto Saves: Binary, and TimeStart: ON.
194
Event Settings
Item
Order
selection*1
Measurement selection*2
Positive and Channel

selecnegation*4
tive*3
Threshold*5
1,2,3
OFF
0 to 2000 V pk
Voltage swell
1,2,3
OFF
0 to 200%
Voltage dip
1,2,3
OFF
0 to 100%
1,2,3
OFF
0 to 100%
Voltage frequency
Approx- PLL
imately source
OFF
0 to 30 Hz
Voltage waveform peak ()
1,2,3
OFF
0 to 1800 V
Current waveform peak ()
1,2,3
OFF
0 to 2000 A
1,2,3
OFF
0 to 600 V rms
0 to 60 V rms
1,2,3
OFF
0 to 500 A RMS
1,2,3
sum
OFF
0 to 3 MW (9MW)
1,2,3
sum
OFF
0 to 3 MVA
1,2,3
sum
OFF
0 to 3 Mvar
1,2,3
sum
OFF
0 to 1
sum
OFF
0 to 100%
sum
OFF
0 to 100%
RMS voltage value
and
Inter-phase/ Up
down
line-to-line
sense
RMS current value

Active power
Apparent power
Reactive power
power factor
PF/DPF
Harmonic voltage
1st to 50th
orders
RMS/%
1,2,3
OFF
0 to 600 V/
0 to 100%
Harmonic current
1st to 50th
orders
RMS/%
1,2,3
OFF
0 to 5000 A/
0 to 100%
Harmonic power
1st to 50th
orders
RMS/%
1,2,3
sum
OFF
0 to 3 MW/
0 to 100%
phase difference
1st to 50th
orders
1,2,3
sum
OFF
0 to 180
-F/-R
1,2,3
OFF
0 to 100%
-F/-R
1,2,3
OFF
0 to 500%
K factor
1,2,3
OFF
0 to 500
Harmonic voltage distortion
1,2,3
OFF
0 to 100%
External event
Input
Terminal
OFF
None
*1: Settings can be made individually for each harmonic order.

*2: Measurement settings can be selected for each type of measurement (inter-phase or line-to-line, RMS or
%, and -F or -R).
*3: Plus and minus () indicates that the threshold is specified as the absolute value. (Detects events using
absolute values regardless of if they are positive or negative.)
*4: You can set the threshold of channels that are separate and not off. (However, only 1, 2, and 3 are common settings.)
*5: The recorded threshold is the value multiplied when the PT ratio and CT ratio are set.
Hysteresis is set as a percentage of the threshold and for all measurements at once (default setting: 1%).
However, it is fixed at 0.1 Hz.
195
Other Functions
Warning functions
Incorrect connection check
Connection diagram screen: Check that the connection and clamp sensor
are not reversed.
Connection check screen: Check the phase order.
Out of range
When the input exceeds the range by 130%, displays ---.---.
Out of crest factor
When the input peak value of the waveform is 3 times the voltage range or
4 times the current range, displays Out of crest factor.
PLL unlock
When PLL lock is not selected during an interruption, the device switches to
the fixed clock (without gaps), and PLL unlock is displayed for that duration.
Other functions
Display hold function
You can hold and release the displayed value by pressing the DATA HOLD
key.
Key lock function
All key operations except the power switch operations are disabled.
Read settings function
Settings can be read using the internal memory or a Flash ATA card.
Number of settings that can be saved in the internal memory: up to 10
External event input/output

function
External event input

External event input is possible for TTL low level (when the voltage drops to
less than approximately 2.5 V or there is a short circuit) between the GND
terminal and the EVENT IN terminal.
External event output
For TTL low output when each type of event occurs between the GND terminal and the EVENT OUT terminal.
LCD backlight auto-off func- The backlight automatically turns off after the set time elapses since the last
key operation.
tion
After the backlight automatically turns off, the LCD lights automatically when
you push any key (also effective in key lock).
Manual event function
An event can be manually generated by simultaneously pressing the ESC

and EVENT keys.
HTTP server function

Description
Remote control application function

Start and finish measurement control function
System settings function
Event list function (you can also display waveforms, vectors, and harmonics
bar graphs for events) (you can convert event waveforms into text)
Connection method
LAN interface or RS-232C interface
Supported software
Internet Explorer 4 or later
EN50160 function
See the product specifications in the Instruction Manual for EN50160.
196
12.4 Formulae
12.4 Formulae
Voltage dips, voltage swells, and interruptions U (V rms)
Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W
Single-phase 3-wire
1P3W
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W2M
U1
U1
U2
Line-to-line voltage Line-to-line voltage Phase-to-neutral

voltage
M1
M1
U1
2
2
1
1
U12= ----- (U1s)
U12= ----- (U1s)
M
M
U2
S=0
S=0
U3
M1
2
1
Uc= ----- (Ucs)
S=0
M1
2
1
U32= ----- (U2s)
S=0
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W3M
Three-phase 4-wire
3P4W
M1
2
1
U23= ----- (U2s)
S=0
M1
2
1
U31= ----- (U3s)
S=0
Calculate a single waveform that has been overlapped half a wave at 256 points/wave. (M=256)
Search for voltage dips, voltage swells, and interruptions based on the above RMS voltage value.
c: measured channel M: number of samples per cycle s: number of sampling points
Voltage waveform peak Up (V peak)

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W
Single-phase 3-wire
1P3W
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W2M
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W3M
Three-phase 4-wire
3P4W
Up1
Up1
Up2
Up12
Up32
Up4
Up4
Up4
Up12
Up23
Up31
Up4
Up12
Up23
Up31
Up4
Calculate the maximum positive and negative voltage waveform peaks of all points about once every 10
cycles at 50 Hz or every 12 cycles at 60 Hz with a single wave (256 points).
The voltage waveform peak for CH4 can be calculated regardless of the connection method.
Current waveform peak Ip (Apeak)

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W
Single-phase 3-wire
1P3W
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W2M
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W3M
Three-phase 4-wire
3P4W
Ip1
Ip1
Ip2
Ip1
Ip2
Ip4
Ip4
Ip4
Ip1
Ip2
Ip3
Ip4
Ip1
Ip2
Ip3
Ip4
Calculate the maximum positive and negative current waveform peaks of all points about once every 10
cycles at 50 Hz or every 12 cycles at 60 Hz with a single wave (256 points).
The current waveform peak for CH4 can be calculated regardless of the connection method.
197
12.4 Formulae
RMS voltage U (V rms)

Single-phase 2-wire Single-phase 3-wire Three-phase 3-wire
1P2W
1P3W
3P3W2M
U1
Three-phase 4-wire
3P4W
line-to-line voltage Line-to-line voltage
U1
U2
U4
U4
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W3M
M 1
1
U12= ----M
M1
(U 1 s )
1
U12= ----M
S=0
2
1
Uc= ----- (Ucs)
M 1
1
U32= ----M
S=0
(U 2 s )
M1
(U 1 s )
S=0
1
U23= ----M
S=0
M1
Phase-to-neutral
voltage
U1
U2
U3
(U 2 s )
S=0
1
U31= ----M
M1
(U 3 s )
S=0
U4
U4
U4
Phase-to-neutral
voltage
Phase-to-neutral
voltage
Line-to-line voltage
M1
M 1
1
U3s-
--------------------U1= ----- U1s
M
S=0
S=0
2
1
U31= ----- (U3sU1s)
S=0
U4
Line-to-line voltage Line-to-line voltage

2
S=0
U4
1
Uave=---(U12+U32)
1
U2s-
--------------------U3= ----- U3s
2
1
U23= ----- (U2sU3s)
M1
M1
Uave=---(U1+U2)
2
S=0
1
U1s-
--------------------U2= ----- U2s
S=0
M 1
M1
2
1
U12= ----- (U1sU2s)
Phase-to-neutral
1
Uave=---(U12+U23+U31) voltage
3
1
Uave=---(U1+U2+U3)
Phase-to-neutral
voltage
Phase-to-neutral
voltage
1
Uave=---(U1+U2+U3)
Line-to-line voltage
1
Uave=---(U12+U23+U31)
3
RMS voltage is calculated about once every10 cycles at 50 Hz or every 12 cycles at 60 Hz with a single
wave (256 points).
Make the neutral point the center and calculate the phase-to-neutral voltage for three-phase 3-wire connections. The RMS voltage for CH4 can be calculated regardless of the connection method.
Use the line-to-line voltage calculated for three-phase 3-wire and three-phase 4-wire connections to calculate V10.(See the formula for V10.)
c: measured channel M: number of samples s: number of sampling points
198
12.4 Formulae
RMS current I (A rms)

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W
Single-phase 3-wire
1P3W
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W2M
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W3M
Three-phase 4-wire
3P4W
I1
I4
I1
I2
I1
I2
I4
I4
I1
I2
I3
I4
I1
I2
I3
I4
M1
1
2
Ic= ----- (Ics)
M
S=0
Iave=---(I1+I2)
2
Iave=---(I1+I2)
2
Iave=---(I1+I2+I3)
3
Iave=---(I1+I2+I3)
3
Calculate RMS current about once every 10 cycles at 50 Hz and every 12 cycles at 60 Hz with a single
wave (256 points).
The RMS current for CH4 can be calculated regardless of the connection method.
Active power P (W)

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W
Single-phase 3-wire
1P3W
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W2M
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W3M
Three-phase 4-wire
3P4W
P1
P1
P2
P1
P2
P1
P2
P3
P1
P2
P3
Psum=P1+P2
Psum=P1+P2
Psum=P1+P2+P3
Psum=P1+P2+P3
1
M
M1
Pc=----- (UcsIcs)
S=0
Calculate active power about once every 10 cycles at 50 Hz or every 12 cycles at 60 Hz with a single
wave (256 points).
For three-phase 3-wire 3M and three-phase 4-wire connections, use phase-to-neutral voltage as the voltage waveform Ucs.
Three-phase 3-wire 3M: U1s = (U1s - U3s)/3, U2s = (U2s - U1s)/3, and U3s = (U3s - U2s)/3
Polarity symbols for active power P indicate the power direction when power is being consumed (+P) and
when power is being regenerated (-P).
Apparent power S (VA)

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W
Single-phase 3-wire
1P3W
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W2M
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W3M
Three-phase 4-wire
3P4W
S1
Sc=UcIc
S1
S2
S1
S2
S1
S2
S3
S1
S2
S3
Ssum=S1+S2
3
Ssum=-------(S1+S2)
2
Ssum=S1+S2+S3
Ssum=S1+S2+S3
(When P>, make P =

S.)
For three-phase 3-wire 3M and three-phase 4-wire connections, use phase-to-neutral voltage for Uc.
199
12.4 Formulae
Reactive power Q (var)

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W
Single-phase 3-wire
1P3W
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W2M
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W3M
Three-phase 4-wire
3P4W
Q1
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q1
Q2
Q3
Qsum=Q1+Q2
Qsum=Q1+Q2
Qsum=Q1+Q2+Q3
Qsum=Q1+Q2+Q3
Qc=sic Sc Pc
The polarity symbol sic for reactive power Q indicates a LAG or LEAD in polarity; no symbol indicates a
LAG, while the - symbol indicates a LEAD.
Calculate the harmonic reactive power of each measured channel (c) using the polarity symbol sic, and
attach the opposite symbol for fundamental wave reactive power (using k = 1 (1st order)). (See the harmonic reactive power formula.)
Power factor PF
Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W
Single-phase 3-wire
1P3W
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W2M
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W3M
Three-phase 4-wire
3P4W
PF1
PF1
PF2
PF1
PF2
PF1
PF2
PF3
PF1
PF2
PF3
sum
PFsum=sisum P
--------Ssum
sum
PFsum=sisum P
--------Ssum
sum
PFsum=sisum P
--------Ssum
sum
PFsum=sisum P
--------Ssum
PFc=sic Pc
-----Sc
The polarity symbol si for power factors indicates a LEAD or LAG in polarity; no symbol indicates a LAG,
while the - symbol indicates a LEAD.
Calculate the harmonic reactive power using the polarity symbol sic and attach the symbol for the fundamental wave reactive power (using k = 1 (1st order) for each measured channel (c)).
Calculate the harmonic reactive power using the polarity symbol sisum and attach the opposite symbol of
the sum of the fundamental wave reactive power (using k = 1 (1st order)). (See the harmonic reactive
power formula.)
c: measured channel, k: order for analysis
200
12.4 Formulae
Displacement power factor DPF

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W
Single-phase 3-wire
1P3W
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W2M
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W3M
Three-phase 4-wire
3P4W
DPF1
DPFc=sic cosc1
DPF1
DPF2
DPF1
DPF2
DPF1
DPF2
DPF3
DPF1
DPF2
DPF3
sum1
sum1
sum1
sum1
DPFsum=sisum P
---------- DPFsum=sisum P
---------Ssum1
Ssum1
Ssum1
Ssum1
The polarity symbol si of power factors indicates a LEAD or LAG in polarity; no symbol indicates a LAG,
while the - symbol indicates a LEAD.
Calculate the harmonic reactive power using the polarity symbol sic and attach the symbol for the fundamental wave reactive power (using k = 1 (1st order) for each measured channel (c)).
Calculate the harmonic reactive power using the polarity symbol sisum and attach the opposite symbol for
the sum of the fundamental wave reactive power (using k = 1 (1st order)). (See the harmonic reactive
power formula.(page 203))
c1 indicates the voltage-current phase difference for the fundamental wave. (See the voltage-current
phase difference formula.(page 206))
Psum1 indicates the total of fundamental wave power and the formula becomes k = 1 for the sum of harmonic power. (See the harmonic power formula.(page 203))
Ssum1 indicates the total of fundamental wave apparent power and can be searched for using the fundamental wave RMS voltage and fundamental wave RMS current. (For information on the formulae for harmonic voltage, harmonic current, and the sum of apparent power, see (page 201).)
Voltage unbalance factor Uunb (%)

Single-phase 2-wire Single-phase 3-wire Three-phase 3-wire Three-phase 3-wire
1P2W
1P3W
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
Three-phase 4-wire
3P4W
1 36-100
Uunb= --------------------1+ 36
1 36-100
Uunb= --------------------1+ 36
U124 +U234 +U314

=------------------------------------2
(U122 +U232 +U312 )
U124 +U234 +U314

=------------------------------------2
(U122 +U232 +U312 )
For U12, U23, and U31, use the fundamental wave RMS voltage from the calculated harmonics results.
Calculate the Discrete Fourier Transform of the harmonic RMS voltage at 2048 points (about once every
10 cycles at 50 Hz or every 12 cycles at 60 Hz).
For three-phase 4-wire configurations, this is detected using phase-to-neutral voltage but can be converted and calculated using line-to-line voltage.
201
12.4 Formulae
Current unbalance factor Iunb (%)

Single-phase 2-wire Single-phase 3-wire Three-phase 3-wire Three-phase 3-wire
1P2W
1P3W
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
Three-phase 4-wire
3P4W
1 36-100
Iunb= --------------------1+ 36
1 36-100
Iunb= --------------------1+ 36
I124 +I234 +I314

=-----------------------------2
(I122 +I232 +I312 )
I124 +I234 +I314

=-----------------------------2
(I122 +I232 +I312 )
For I12, I23, and I31, use the fundamental wave RMS current (line-to-line current) from the calculated harmonics results.
Calculate the Discrete Fourier Transform of harmonic RMS current at 2048 points (about once every 10
cycles at 50 Hz or every 12 cycles at 60 Hz).
For three-phase 3-wire and three-phase 4-wire configurations this is detected using phase current, but
can be converted and calculated using line-to-line current.
Harmonic voltage Uk (V rms)
(including adjacent inter-harmonics components)
Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W
Single-phase 3-wire Three-phase 3-wire Three-phase 3-wire Three-phase 4-wire

1P3W
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
3P4W
U1k
U4k
U1k
U2k
U12k
U32k
U4k
U4k
Uck= (Uckr) +(Ucki)

1
Uck=
Uc10k
+n-
-------------
U12k
U23k
U31k
U4k
U1k
U2k
U3k
U4k
10
n=1
Calculate the Discrete Fourier Transform of harmonic RMS voltage at 2048 points (about once every 10
Indicates the results of the harmonic calculations of line-to-line voltage for three-phase 3-wire configurations and the results of harmonic calculations of phase-to-neutral voltage for three-phase 4-wire configurations.
For harmonic voltage content percentage, divide the fundamental wave voltage component by the harmonic voltage component of the specified order, then multiply by 100.
When using 60 Hz, the number 10 in the expression above is 12.
c: measured channel, k: order for analysis, r: resistance after FFT, i: reactance after FFT
Harmonic current Ik (A rms) (including adjacent inter-harmonic components)

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W

1P3W
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
3P4W
I1k
I4k
I1k
I2k
I1k
I2k
I4k
I4k
Ick= (Ickr) +(Icki)

1
Ick=
Ic10k
+n-
-------------
n=1
I1k
I2k
I3k
I4k
I1k
I2k
I3k
I4k
10
For harmonic current content percentage, divide the fundamental wave current component by the harmonic current component of the specified order, then multiply by 100.
When using 60 Hz, the number 10 in the expression above is 12.
202
12.4 Formulae
Inter-harmonic voltage Uk (V rms)

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W

1P3W
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
3P4W
U1k
U4k
U1k
U2k
U12k
U32k
U4k
U4k
Uck= (Uckr) +(Ucki)
U12k
U23k
U31k
U4k
U1k
U2k
U3k
U4k
2
U
Uck=
10k+n-
c-------------10
n=3
3
In the equation above, 3 and -3 are used at 50 Hz, and 4 and -4 are used at 60 Hz. k = 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5,,,
Indicates the results of the harmonic calculations of line-to-line voltage for three-phase 3-wire configurations and the results of harmonic calculations of phase-to-neutral voltage for three-phase 4-wire configurations.
For inter-harmonic voltage content percentage, divide the fundamental wave voltage component by the
inter-harmonic voltage component of the specified order, then multiply by 100.
When using 60 Hz, the number 10 in the above expression is 12.
Inter-harmonic current Ik (A rms)

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W

1P3W
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
3P4W
I1k
I4k
I1k
I2k
I1k
I2k
I4k
I4k
Ick= (Ickr) +(Icki)
I1k
I2k
I3k
I4k
I1k
I2k
I3k
I4k
2
I
Ick= c10
k+n-
-------------
10
n=3
In the equation above, 3 and -3 are used at 50 Hz, and 4 and -4 are used at 60 Hz. k = 0.5, 1.5, 2.5,
3.5,,,
For inter-harmonic current content percentage, divide the fundamental wave current component by the
inter-harmonic current component for the specified order, then multiply by 100.
When using 60 Hz, the number 10 in the above expression is 12.
203
12.4 Formulae
Harmonic power Pk (W)

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W
Single-phase
3-wire
1P3W
P1k
P1k
Pck=UckrIckr+UckiIcki P2k
Psumk=
P1k+P2k
Three-phase
3-wire
3P3W2M
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W3M
Three-phase
4-wire
3P4W
P1k
P2k
P1k
1
1
P1k=---(U1krU3kr)I1kr+---(U1kiU3ki)I1ki P2k
3
3
P3k
1
1
--P2k= (U2krU1kr)I2kr+ (U2kiU1ki)I2ki
3
3
1
1
P3k=---(U3krU2kr)I3kr+---(U3kiU2ki)I3ki
3
3
Psumk=
P1k+P2k
Psumk=P1k+P2k+P3k
Psumk=
P1k+P2k+P3k
Calculate the Discrete Fourier Transform of harmonic power (harmonic active power) at 2048 points for
voltage and current (about once every 10 cycles at 50 Hz or every 12 cycles at 60 Hz).
For harmonic power content percentage, divide the fundamental wave power component by the harmonic power component of the specified order, then multiply by 100.
Harmonic reactive power Qk (var) (only for use with internal calculation)
Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W
Single-phase
3-wire
1P3W
Q1k
Q1k
Qck=UckrIckiUckiIckr Q2k
Qsumk=
Q1k+Q2k
Three-phase 3- Three-phase 3-wire

wire
3P3W3M
3P3W2M
Three-phase
4-wire
3P4W
Q1k
Q2k
Q1k
1
1
Q1k=---(U1krU3kr)I1kr---(U1kiU3ki)I1ki Q2k
3
3
Q3k
1
1
Q2k=---(U2krU1kr)I2kr---(U2kiU1ki)I2ki
3
3
1
1
Q3k=---(U3krU2kr)I3kr---(U3kiU2ki)I3ki
3
3
Qsumk=
Q1k+Q2k
Qsumk=Q1k+Q2k+Q3k
Qsumk=
Q1k+Q2k+Q3k
Calculate the Discrete Fourier Transform of harmonic reactive power at 2048 points for voltage and current (about once every 10 cycles at 50 Hz or every 12 cycles at 60 Hz).
K factor KF
Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W

1P3W
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
3P4W
KF1
KF4
KF1
KF2
KF1
KF2
KF4
KF4
50
(k2Ick2 )
KF1
KF2
KF3
KF4
KF1
KF2
KF3
KF4
k=1
KFc=---------------------50
Ick2
k=1
The K factor is also called the multiplication factor, and indicates the power loss using the harmonic RMS
current for the electrical transformer.
204
12.4 Formulae
Total harmonic voltage distortion factor THDUF (%)

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W

1P3W
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
3P4W
THDUF1
THDUF4
THDUF1
THDUF2
THDUF12
THDUF32
THDUF4
THDUF4
(Uck)2
THDUF12
THDUF23
THDUF31
THDUF4
THDUF1
THDUF2
THDUF3
THDUF4
k=2
THDUFc=-----------------------100
Uc1
Three-phase 3-wire indicates the result of harmonic calculation with line-to-line voltage.
In the equation above, K indicates the total of orders analyzed.
Select THDUF or THDUR to calculate the total harmonic voltage distortion factor.
Total harmonic current distortion factor THDIF (%)

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W

1P3W
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
3P4W
THDIF1
THDIF4
THDIF1
THDIF2
THDIF1
THDIF2
THDIF4
THDIF4
(Ick)2
THDIF1
THDIF2
THDIF3
THDIF4
THDIF1
THDIF2
THDIF3
THDIF4
k=2
THDIFc=---------------------100
Ic1
Select either THDIF or THDIR to calculate the total harmonic current distortion factor.
Total harmonic voltage distortion factor THDUR (%)

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W

1P3W
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
3P4W
THDUR1
THDUR4
THDUR1
THDUR2
THDUR12
THDUR32
THDUR4
THDUR4
(Uck)2
THDUR12
THDUR23
THDUR31
THDUR4
THDUR1
THDUR2
THDUR3
THDUR4
k=2
THDURc=-----------------------100
K
(Uck)2
k=1
Select either THDUF or THDUR to calculate the total harmonic voltage distortion factor.
205
12.4 Formulae
Total harmonic current distortion factor THDIR (%)

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W

1P3W
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
3P4W
THDIR1
THDIR4
THDIR1
THDIR2
THDIR1
THDIR2
THDIR4
THDIR4
(Ick)
THDIR1
THDIR2
THDIR3
THDIR4
THDIR1
THDIR2
THDIR3
THDIR4
k=2
THDIRc=---------------------100
K
(Ick)2
k=1
Select either THDIF or THDIR to calculate the total harmonic current distortion factor.
Harmonic voltage phase angle Uk (deg)

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W

1P3W
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
3P4W
U1k
U4k
U1k
U2k
U12k
U32k
1 Uckr
Uck=tan --------------
Ucki
U4k
U4k
U12k
U23k
U31k
U4k
U1k
U2k
U3k
U4k
Corrects the PLL source fundamental wave to 0 and displays the harmonic voltage phase angle.
When Uckr=Ucki=0 Uk=0.
The harmonic voltage used in calculations is only taken from integral harmonics.
Harmonic current phase angle Ik (deg)

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W

1P3W
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
3P4W
I1k
I4k
I1k
I2k
I1k
I2k
1 Ickr
Ick=tan ------------
Icki
I4k
I4k
I1k
I2k
I3k
I4k
I1k
I2k
I3k
I4k
Corrects the PLL source fundamental wave to 0 and displays the harmonic current phase angle.
When Ickr=Icki=0 Ik=0.
The harmonic current used in calculations is only taken from integral harmonics.
206
12.4 Formulae
Harmonic voltage-current phase difference k (deg)

Single-phase 2-wire Single-phase 3-wire
1P2W
1P3W
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W2M
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W3M
Three-phase 4-wire
3P4W
1k
ck=cIk- cUk
1k
2k
1k
2k
3k
1k
2k
3k
1k
2k
1Qsumk
1Qsumk
1Qsumk
1
- sum=tan Qsumk
----------------
sum=tan ---------------- sum=tan ---------------- sum=tan -------------- Psumk
Psumk
Psumk
Psumk
Calculate harmonic power at 2048 points for voltage and current (about once every 10 cycles at 50 Hz or
every 12 cycles at 60 Hz).
When Psumk=Qsumk=0, k=0.
Psumk indicates the total harmonic power. (See the harmonic power formula.)
Qsumk indicates the total harmonic reactive power. (See the harmonic reactive power formula.)
Voltage fluctuation U (Vrms)

Single-phase 2-wire Single-phase 3-wire
1P2W
1P3W
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W2M
Three-phase 3-wire
3P3W3M
Three-phase 4-wire
3P4W
U(c)=Uc-Ur
U(12)
U(32)
U(12)
U(23)
U(31)
U(1)
U(2)
U(3)
U(1)
U(2)
Ur is the same value as the nominal voltage for standard voltage with respect to voltage fluctuations.
c: measured channel, r: resistance after FFT
207
12.4 Formulae
Voltage flicker V10 (V)

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W
Single-phase 3-wire
1P3W
Three-phase 3-wire Three-phase 3-wire Three-phase 4-wire

3P3W2M
3P3W3M
3P4W
V10(1)
V10(1)
V10(2)
V10(12)
V10(32)
V10(c)=100
--------Uf
(anUn)
V10(12)
V10(23)
V10(31)
V10(1)
V10(2)
V10(3)
Ur is the basic voltage for the change in voltage and Uf is the basic voltage for the voltage flicker, and they
both operate automatically.
Ur indicates the value passing through the primary LPF (for a response time of 1 m) and Uf indicates the
average RMS voltage over a 1-minute interval.
an is the flicker luminosity coefficient corresponding to the change in frequency fn (Hz) that can be
detected from the flicker luminosity curve.
Un is the change in voltage for fn.
For connections other than single-phase two-wire, you can select any V10 value for calculation.
c: measured channel
V10 Perceived flicker curve

V10 Perceived flicker coefficient
Frequency[Hz]
208
12.4 Formulae
Short interval voltage flicker Pst

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W
Single-phase
3-wire
1P3W
Three-phase
3-wire
3P3W2M
Three-phase
3-wire
3P3W3M
Three-phase
4-wire
3P4W
Pst1
Pstc= K1P0.1+K2P1s+K3P3s+K4P10s+K5P50s
Pst1
Pst2
Pst1
Pst2
Pst1
Pst2
Pst3
Pst1
Pst2
Pst3
Indicates the following values: K1=0.0314, K2=0.0525, K3=0.0657, K4=0.28, K5=0.08.

The cumulative probability function (CPF) is in the 1024 class.
Searches using linear interpolation between the various cumulative probabilities (Pi) and calculates a
smoothed cumulative probability using the following methods (Pis).
P1s=(P0.7+P1+P1.5)/3
P3s=(P2.2+P3+P4)/3
P10s=(P6+P8+P10+P13+P17)/5
P50s=(P30+P50+P80)/3
c: measured channel
Long interval voltage flicker Plt

Single-phase 2-wire
1P2W

1P3W
3P3W2M
3P3W3M
3P4W
Plt1
Plt1
Plt2
Pltc=
(Pstn)
Plt1
Plt2
Plt1
Plt2
Plt3
Plt1
Plt2
Plt3
n=1
---------------------N
N indicates the number of measurements (N = 12 measurements).

(When N<12, the number of measurements N is used.)
c: measured channel
209
Appendix
Appendix
Measurement Range and Nominal Voltage
The voltage and current ranges of this unit are as follows.
This unit is not equipped with an automatic range selection function,
therefore you must select the operation ranges.
Voltage
range
CH 1 to 3
CH 4 (AC)
CH 4 (DC)
0.1 mV/A
1 mV/A (9661)
1 mV/A (9660)
10 mV/A (9694)
100 mV/A
5000 A 9667
500 A 9667
1000 A 9669
Current
range
150 V, 300 V, 600 V

60 V, 150 V, 300 V, 600 V
60 V, 600 V
500 A, 5000 A
50 A, 500 A
50 A, 100 A
5 A, 50 A
0.5 A, 5 A
500A, 5000A
50A, 500A
100A, 1000A
The display and effective measurement ranges (ranges where accuracy is certain) of measurement ranges are as follows.
Voltage range
660V
Effective measurement
range
600 V
600V
0.9V
346600V
600V 780V
330V
6V
range 200277V
300V
300 V
0.45V
300V 390V
165V
3V
range 100120V
150V
150 V
0.23V
150V 195V
1.5V
66V
range
60 V
60V
0.09V
0.1V
5000A
0.6V
60V 78V
Display
range
1.0V
10V
Input
100V
1000V
Voltage
Set the nominal voltage so that it does not exceed the selected voltage range.
5500A
You can use a nominal voltage of 346 to 600 V in a 600 V voltage range.
You can use a nominal voltage of 200 to 277 V
in a 300 V voltage range.
You can use a 7.5A
nominal voltage 50A
of 100 to 120 V in a 150 V voltage5000A
range.
6500A
210
Appendix
Current range
5500A
5000 A
5000A
range
7.5A
50A
5000A 6500A
550A
range
500A
500 A
0.75A
500A 650A
5A
10A
100A
1000A
10000A
110A
range
100A
100 A
150mA
50A
50 A
100A 130A
55A
1A
range
75mA
0mA
50A 65A
500mA
100mA
1A
10A
100A
5.5A
range
5A
5A
7.5mA
50mA
5A
550mA
6.5A
range
0.5A
0.5 A
0.75mA
mA
500mA 650mA
5mA
10mA
100mA
Input Current
1A
10A
211
Appendix
TIME PLOT Recording Method

TIME PLOT screen ---- RMS, HARMONICS
SYSTEM_DF2[MAIN]_[RECORDING] Interval setting period
200 ms (50 Hz: 10 waveforms, 60 Hz: 12 waveforms)
RMS value 1
RMS value 2
RMS value 3
RMS value N
MAX RMS value
AVE RMS value
MIN RMS value
Recording
Recording
ex. when Interval:1min,

N=300
Recording
MAX and MIN values only for harmonics and inter-harmonics
TIME PLOT screen ---- VOLTAGE

U1
U3
U2
U5
U4
U 23 U 25 U 27 U 29
U 24 U 26 U 28
U 47 U 49 U 51 U 53
U 48 U 50 U 52
Voltage RMS value is calculated for one

Recording
waveform shifted over half a wave.
(Example)
24 calculated values U exist within 200
ms at 60 Hz: 12 cycles.
MAX
U
U 71
U 72
NIN
U
Recording
N-23
N-19
N-21
N-22
N-20
U N-1
UN
ex. when Interval: 1min,

N=7200
212
Appendix
Event Waveform Recording Method

TIME PLOT screen ---- RMS, HARMONICS (Event setting -power and harmonics)
RMS calculation
EVENT occur
RMS calculation
RMS calculation
Event waveform
recording period
50 Hz: 14 waveforms
60 Hz: 16 waveforms
Displayed as event waveforms

are 200 ms to which are added
the two preceding waveforms
and the following two waveforms.
TIME PLOT screen ---- VOLTAGE (Event setting-voltage)

U1
U3
U2
U5
U4
U 23 U 25
EVE
U 29
NT
U 24 U 26 U 28
U 47 U 49 U 51 U 53
U 48 U 50 U 52
U 71
U 72
Event waveform
recording period
50 Hz: 14 waveforms
60 Hz: 16 waveforms
N-23
N-21
N-19
N-22
N-20
U N-1
UN
Displayed as event waveforms

are 200 ms to which are added
the two preceding waveforms
and the following two waveforms.
213
Appendix
Detecting Anomalies and Phenomena Due to Drops in

Power Quality
Troubles due to drops in power quality:
Interruptions in the reception transformer and malfunctions in the terminal control device
The light flickers.
Light bulbs burn out more quickly.
The OA device malfunctions.
Sometimes the device does not work correctly.

The reactor's condenser overheats.
Sometimes the electrical overload, reverse phase, or missing
phase relays malfunction.
Detecting phenomena
Power quality
Waveform display
Phenomenon
Malfunction
Transient
overvoltage
(impulse)
Occurs due to phenomena such

as lightning, breaker point damage, or closure on the circuit
breaker or relay.
Often occurs when there is a
radical change in voltage or
when the peak voltage is high.
Close to the source of the break,

the devices power is damaged
because of exceptionally high voltages and this may cause the device
to reset.
Voltage dip
(SAG)
A momentary voltage drop

occurs caused by large rush
currents in the load, such as
starting-up a motor.
A drop in voltage may cause the

device to stop operating or reset.
Voltage swell
(SURGE)
Occurs when power lines sub- A surge in voltage may cause the
ject to lightning strikes or heavy devices power to be damaged or
loads are opened and closed,
the device to reset.
causing the voltage to surge
momentarily.
Flicker
Blast furnaces, arc welders, and

thyristor control loads cause
flicker, and voltage impulses
occur regularly during single
and multiple cycles.
Because this phenomenon reoccurs regularly, it may cause the light

to flicker or the device to malfunction.
Interruption
Circuit breaker trips occur,

mainly caused by accidents at
power companies (such as
stops in power transmission
because of lightning strikes) or
short circuits, and the power
supply stops momentarily or for
an indefinite time.
Recently, due to the spread of UPS

(uninterruptible power sources),
most of these problems can be
fixed using a computer, but this
may cause the device to stop operating due to an interruption or to
reset.
Harmonics
Many device power sources

now use semiconductor control
devices and harmonics occur
because of distorted voltage or
current waveforms.
When harmonic components

become too large, they can cause
serious accidents, such as overheating the motor transformer or
burning out the reactor connected
to the phase advance capacitor.
Unbalance
factor
When the load of the specified

phase becomes too heavy due
to fluctuations in loads connected to each power line
phases, or when operating an
uneven device, the voltage and
current waveforms become distorted, causing voltage drops
Voltage imbalance, reverse phaseto-neutral voltage, and harmonics

may cause accidents such as
uneven motor rotation, 3E breaker
trips, and overload heating in the
transformer.
214
Appendix
Terminology
LAN
LAN is the abbreviation of Local Area Network. The LAN was developed as a network for transferring data through a PC within a local
area, such as an office, factory, or school.
This device comes equipped with the LAN adapter Ethernet 10Base-T.
10Base-T is appointed by IEEE802 and has a data transfer speed of
10 Mbps. Use a twisted-pair cable to connect this device to the hub
(central computer) of your LAN. The maximum length of the cable connecting the terminal and the hub is 100 m. Similar to the RS-232C
interface protocol, the LAN interface protocol supports communications using TCP/IP.
RS-232C
The RS-232C is a serial interface established by the EIA (Electronics

Industries Association), and conforms to the specifications for DTE
(data terminal equipment) and DCE (data circuit terminating equipment) interface conditions.
Using the signal line part of the RS-232C specifications with this unit
allows you to use an external printer, PC, or modem.
When using a PC or modem, the RS-232C interface supports communications using TCP/IP as the RS-232C protocol. TCP/IP is widely
used as a LAN protocol and is the basic protocol used on the Internet.
These specifications are available to the public on the Internet in a
document called RFC. (ftp://ds.internic.net/rfc)
PLL
PLL is the abbreviation of Phase Locked Loop and is a phase synchronization circuit.
This unit is synchronized with the fundamental cycle (at 50 or 60 Hz)
and samples voltage and current input waveforms at a frequency of
256 samples per cycle. This is an effective input waveform sampling
method, used in analyzing harmonics by FFT when sampling at a frequency of 256 samples per cycle.
Conventional measurement instruments could not sample the entire
input waveform unless it was input with PLL (PLL source), therefore
they could not calculate the input waveform. This condition is called
PLL unlock.
However, when no PLL source is found during measurement with this
device, it momentarily switches to the internal clock. The internal clock
is synchronized with a frequency of 256 samples per cycle, the same
as the frequency prior to the occurrence of PLL unlock. Using this
function, sampling is not possible when interruptions occur, but you
can search the waveform for interruptions.
However, it is still possible to calculate harmonics correctly without a
PLL source input because during harmonics analysis a rectangular
window open on the waveform for FFT (10 cycles at 50 Hz or 12
cycles at 60 Hz).
As a warning, PLL synchronization on the SYSTEM settings display
area of the screen or the frequency source area light red.
215
Appendix
Out of crest factor

The crest factor expresses the size of the dynamic range of input on
the measurement device and can be defined with the following expression.
Crest factor = crest value (peak value)/RMS value
For example, when measuring a distorted wave with a small RMS and
a large peak on a measurement device with a small crest factor,
because the peak of the distorted wave exceeds the detection range
of the input circuit, an RMS or harmonic measurement error occurs.
A
100
50 2
50
0
Measurement is not
possible
-50
-100
Measurement is not
possible
A measurement device with a small crest factor
(When the crest factor is 2 for a 50 A range)
When you increase the measurement range, the peak does not
exceed the input circuits detection range, but because the resolution
of the RMS decreases, measurement errors may occur.
With this device, because the voltage input area has a crest factor of 3
and the current input area has a crest factor of 4, the peak can be
obtained even for large distorted waves.
200 [A]
50 2
50
0
16-bit resolution
-50
-200
Crest factors of the 3196

(The crest factor of the current input area is 4.)
However, when a measurement that exceeds the peak is input, it

appears outside the crest factor and you are informed of data that contains measurement errors.
216
Appendix
Harmonics phase angle and harmonic phase difference

The harmonic voltage phase angle and harmonic current phase angle
are the standard for the PLL source phase (for input based on PLL
when U1, U2, or U3 is selected on this device) fundamental wave
component.
The differences in phase of each harmonic order component and the
phase of the fundamental wave component is expressed as an angle
() and - indicates a LAG, whereas + indicates a LEAD.
The harmonic voltage-current phase difference expresses the difference between the phase of each harmonic voltage component and the
phase of each harmonic current component of each channel as an
angle ().
The sum is the total power factor of each harmonic order (calculated
from the total harmonic power and the total harmonic reactive power)
expressed as an angle (). When the harmonic voltage-current phase
difference is between -90 and +90, the harmonic order is flowing in
the direction of the load. When it is between +90 and +180 or -90
and -180, the harmonic order is flowing away from the load.
90
Voltage and
current phase
difference
e
LEAD
180
Outflow
Voltage and
current phase
angles
Inflow
LAG
-90
Harmonic phase angle
K Factor
Shows the power loss caused by the harmonic current in transformers.
Also referred to as the multiplication factor. The K factor (KF) is formulated as shown below:
50
2
k2 I
k
k=2
KF = ---------------------------------------50
2
Ik
k=2
k: Order of harmonics
Ik: Ratio of the harmonic current to the fundamental wave current [%]
Higher-order harmonic currents have a greater influence on the K factor than lower-order harmonic currents.
Purpose of measurement
To measure the K factor in a transformer when subjected to maximum

load. If the measured K factor is larger than the multiplication factor of
the transformer used, the transformer must be replaced with one with
a larger K factor, or the load on the transformer must be reduced. The
replacement transformer should have a K factor one rank higher than
the measured K factor for the transformer being replaced.
217
Appendix
Unbalance factor
If the phases of the three-phase alternating voltage (current) each
have the same voltage and deviate from each other by 120 degrees,
the voltage (current) is referred to as balanced (symmetrical) threephase voltage (current). If the voltages (currents) of the three phases
differ or if the difference between each of the phases is not 120
degrees, the voltage (current) is referred to as unbalanced (asymmetrical) three-phase voltage (current). Though all of the following
descriptions refer to voltage, they apply to current as well.
Degree of unbalance in threephase alternating

voltage
Normally described as the voltage unbalance factor, which is the ratio

of negative-phase voltage to positive-phase voltage
Negative-phase voltage
Voltage unbalx 100 [%]
= Positive-phase voltage
ance factor
Zero-phase/
positive-phase/
negative-phase
voltage
The concept of a zero-phase-sequence/positive-phase-sequence/negative-phase- sequence component in a three-phase alternating circuit

applies the method of symmetrical coordinates (a method in which a
circuit is treated so as to be divided into symmetrical components of a
zero phase, positive phase, and negative phase).
Zero-phase-sequence component: Voltage that is equal in each phase.
Described as V0. (Subscript 0: Zero-phase-sequence component)
Positive-phase-sequence component: Symmetrical three-phase voltage
in which the value for each phase is equal, and each of the phases is
delayed by 120 degrees in the phase sequence a->b->c. Described as V1.
(Subscript 1: Positive-phase-sequence component)
Negative-phase-sequence component: Symmetrical three-phase voltage in which the value for each phase is equal, and each of the phases is
delayed by 120 degrees in the phase sequence a->c->b. Described as V2.
(Subscript 2: Negative-phase-sequence component)
If Va, Vb, and Vc are given as the three-phase alternating voltage, the
zero-phase voltage, positive-phase voltage, and negative voltage are
formulated as shown below.
Zero-phase voltage V0
Positive-phase voltage V1
Negative-phase voltage V2
Va+Vb+Vc
3
Va+aVb+a2Vc
3
Va+a2Vb+aVc
3
a is referred to as the vector operator. It is a vector with a magnitude

of 1 and a phase angle of 120 degrees. Therefore, the phase angle is
advanced by 120 degrees if multiplied by a, and by 240 degrees if
multiplied by a2. If the three-phase alternating voltage is balanced, the
zero-phase voltage and negative-phase voltage are 0, and only positive-phase voltage, which is equal to the effective value of the threephase alternating voltage, is described.
218
Appendix
Unbalance factor of threephase current
The current unbalance factor is several times larger than the voltage
unbalance factor. The less a three-phase induction motor slips, the
greater the difference between these two factors. Voltage unbalance
causes such phenomena as current unbalance, an increase in temperature, an increase in input, a decline in efficiency, and an increase
in vibration and noise.
Displacement power factor (DPF)

The power factor (PF) is the ratio of active power to apparent power.
An inductive load delays the current behind the voltage, and a capacitive load advances the current ahead of the voltage.
PF (power factor)
0 < PF < 1
There is reactive power, which is the power supplied but

not consumed.
PF = 1
All the supplied power is consumed, and there is no
reactive power.
PF = -1
The power, voltage, and current are generated in phase.
-1 < PF < 0 Phase lead or phase delay of the power and current is
generated.
In general, a power factor is calculated using all effective values, and
harmonic contents are therefore included. In addition to this power
factor (PF), the displacement power factor (DPF) is the ratio of active
power to apparent power. However, the displacement power factor
(DPF) is described using the cosine of the phase difference between
the fundamental wave current and the fundamental wave voltage and
does not include the harmonic contents of voltage or current.
DPF (displacement power factor)
0 < DPF < 1 The current phase is ahead of or behind the voltage
phase. Equipment consumes power.
DPF = 1
The current and voltage are in phase. Equipment consumes power.
DPF = -1
The current and voltage are in opposite phases. Equipment produces power.
-1 < DPF < 0 The current phase is ahead of or behind the voltage
phase. Equipment produces power.
The displacement power factor is the same as the power factor in
watt-hour meters used in ordinary homes, and also the same as the
power factor calculated using the true reactive-power-meter method
used in 3196. If the displacement power factor is low (the current is
behind the voltage), add a phase-advancing capacitor to the electric
system for correction. In general, a displacement power factor is used
in an electrical system, and a power factor is used in equipment. In
one neighborhood, the power factor shows a larger value than the displacement power factor.
219
Appendix
Text Time-sequence Data-header Composition

Remark: Each item is separated by a comma (,).
ClassificaHeader
tion
Explanation
Date and
Time
Date
Date
2001/8/20
Time
Time
8:12:00
Voltage
fluctuation*
Umax1,..,Umax3
Max. value of voltage fluctuation
CH1 - CH3
Umin1,..,Umin3
Min. value of voltage fluctuation
CH1 - CH3
RMS value fluctuation

Maximum
value
MaxFreq
Frequency
MaxUrms1,...,MaxUrms4
RMS voltage value
CH1 - CH4
MaxU+peak1,...,MaxU+peak4
Voltage waveform peak (+)
CH1 - CH4
MaxU-peak1,...,MaxU-peak4
Voltage waveform peak (-)
CH1 - CH4
MaxIrms1,...,MaxIrms4
RMS current value
CH1 - CH4
MaxI+peak1,...,MaxI+peak4
Current waveform peak (+)
CH1 - CH4
MaxI-peak1,...,MaxI-peak4
Current waveform peak (-)
CH1 - CH4
MaxUave
ave
MaxIave
ave
MaxP1,...,MaxP3
Active power
CH1 - CH3
MaxPsum
Sum of active power
sum
MaxS1,...,MaxS3
Apparent power
CH1 - CH3
MaxSsum
Sum of apparent power
sum
MaxQ1,...,MaxQ3
Reactive power
CH1 - CH3
MaxQsum
Sum of reactive power
sum
MaxPF1,...,MaxPF3
CH1 - CH3
MaxPFsum
Sum of Power factor/Displacement power

factor
sum
MaxKF1,...,MaxKF4
K factor
CH1 - CH4
MaxUunb
MaxIunb
MaxUthd1,...,MaxUthd4
CH1 - CH4
MaxIthd1,...,MaxIthd4
CH1 - CH4
MaxU1(1),...,MaxU4(50)
Harmonic voltage
CH1 - CH4 1st - 50th
MaxI1(1),...,MaxI4(50)
Harmonic current
MaxP1(1),...,MaxP3(50)
Harmonic power
MaxPhase1(1),...,MaxPhase3(50) Harmonic voltage-current phase difference CH1 - CH3 1st - 50th

MaxPsum(1),...,MaxPsum(50)
Harmonic power
sum
1st - 50th
MaxPhasesum(1),...,MaxPhasesum(50)
Harmonic voltage-current phase difference sum
1st - 50th
MaxUtihd1,...,MaxUtihd4
CH1 - CH4
MaxItihd1,...,MaxItihd4
CH1 - CH4
MaxU1(0.5),...,MaxU4(49.5)
CH1 - CH4 0.5 - 49.5th
MaxI1(0.5),...,MaxI4(49.5)
CH1 - CH4 0.5 - 49.5th
*: When U is selected as the voltage recording setting, Umax1, ..Umax3 becomes dUmax1,
..dUmax3, and Umin1, ..Umin3 becomes dUmin1, ..dUmin3.
220
Appendix
ClassificaHeader
tion
Minimum
value
Explanation
MinFreq
Frequency
MinUrms1,...,MinUrms4
RMS voltage value
CH1 - CH4
MinU+peak1,...,MinU+peak4
CH1 - CH4
MinU-peak1,...,MinU-peak4
CH1 - CH4
MinIrms1,...,MinIrms4
RMS current value
CH1 - CH4
MinI+peak1,...,MinI+peak4
CH1 - CH4
MinI-peak1,...,MinI-peak4
CH1 - CH4
MinUave
ave
MinIave
ave
MinP1,...,MinP3
Active power
CH1 - CH3
MinPsum
Sum of active power
sum
MinS1,...,MinS3
Apparent power
CH1 - CH3
MinSsum
sum
MinQ1,...,MinQ3
Reactive power
CH1 - CH3
MinQsum
sum
MinPF1,...,MinPF3
CH1 - CH3
MinPFsum

factor
sum
MinKF1,...,MinKF4
K factor
CH1 - CH4
MinUunb
MinIunb
MinUthd1,...,MinUthd4
CH1 - CH4
MinIthd1,...,MinIthd4
CH1 - CH4
MinU1(1),...,MinU4(50)
Harmonic voltage
MinI1(1),...,MinI4(50)
Harmonic current
MinP1(1),...,MinP3(50)
Harmonic power
MinPhase1(1),...,MinPhase3(50)
Harmonic voltage-current phase difference CH1 - CH3 1st - 50th
MinPsum(1),...,MinPsum(50)
Harmonic power
sum
1st - 50th
MinPhasesum(1),...,MinPhasesum(50)
1st - 50th
MinUtihd1,...,MinUtihd4
CH1 - CH4
MinItihd1,...,MinItihd4
CH1 - CH4
MinU1(0.5),...,MinU4(49.5)
CH1 - CH4 0.5 - 49.5th
MinI1(0.5),...,MinI4(49.5)
CH1 - CH4 0.5 - 49.5th
221
Appendix
ClassificaHeader
tion
Average
value
Explanation
AveFreq
Frequency
AveUrms1,...,AveUrms4
RMS voltage value
CH1 - CH4
AveU+peak1,...,AveU+peak4
CH1 - CH4
AveU-peak1,...,AveU-peak4
CH1 - CH4
AveIrms1,...,AveIrms4
RMS current value
CH1 - CH4
AveI+peak1,...,AveI+peak4
CH1 - CH4
AveI-peak1,...,AveI-peak4
CH1 - CH4
AveUave
ave
AveIave
ave
AveP1,...,AveP3
Active power
CH1 - CH3
AvePsum
Sum of active power
sum
AveS1,...,AveS3
Apparent power
CH1 - CH3
AveSsum
sum
AveQ1,...,AveQ3
Reactive power
CH1 - CH3
AveQsum
sum
AvePF1,...,AvePF3
CH1 - CH3
AvePFsum

factor
sum
AveKF1,...,AveKF4
K factor
CH1 - CH4
AveUunb
AveIunb
AveUthd1,...,AveUthd4
CH1 - CH4
AveIthd1,...,AveIthd4
CH1 - CH4
AveU1(1),...,AveU4(50)
Harmonic voltage
AveI1(1),...,AveI4(50)
Harmonic current
AveP1(1),...,AveP3(50)
Harmonic power
AvePhase1(1),...,AvePhase3(50) Harmonic voltage-current phase difference CH1 - CH3 1st - 50th

AvePsum(1),...,AvePsum(50)
Harmonic power
sum
1st - 50th
AvePhasesum(1),...,AvePhasesum(50)
1st - 50th
AveUtihd1,...,AveUtihd4
CH1 - CH4
AveItihd1,...,AveItihd4
CH1 - CH4
AveU1(0.5),...,AveU4(49.5)
CH1 - CH4 0.5 - 49.5th
AveI1(0.5),...,AveI4(49.5)
CH1 - CH4 0.5 - 49.5th
222
Appendix
V10 Flicker Text Time-sequence Data-header

Composition
Classification Header
Explanation
Example
Date and
Time
Date
Date
2001/11/02
Time
Time
17:19:00
V10
dv10
V10 instantaneous value
0.081
max
V10 total maximum value
0.158
dv10max
V10 maximum value for one hour
0.000
dv10max4
V10 fourth largest value for one
0.000
V10 average value for one hour
0.000
hour
dv10ave
IEC Flicker Text Time-sequence Data-header

Composition
Classification Header
Explanation
Example
Date and
Time
Date
Date
2002/3/5
Time
Time
15:24:15
Pst, Plt
Pst 1
CH1 Pst
0.325
Pst 2
CH2 Pst
0.386
Pst 3
CH3 Pst
0.358
Plt 1
CH1 Plt
0.325
Plt 2
CH2 Plt
0.386
Plt 3
CH3 Plt
0.358
Text Event Waveform Data Format Composition

1
2
2001/11/02 17:19:00
U1
I1
U2
I2
U3
I3
U4
3
.
.
3586
or
4098
I4
Date, Time
Header
(channel)
Measurement
data
Text Voltage Fluctuation Event Data Format Composition

1
2
3
.
.
1002
or
1202
2001/11/02 17:19:00
U1
U2
U3
Date, Time
Header
(channel)
Measurement
data
223
Appendix
Text Event Data-format Composition

Example
No. 3:
2001/10/12 13:08:35.354, Dip CH1,OUT,0.24V,0:00:02.342
*8
():number of characters
Date ..................... 2000/8/22 .................................................. 10

Time (up to ms) .... 13:08:35.354 ............................................. 12
Event category
Items................ .......... Number of characters
Unbalance(U) .. Voltage unbalance factor . 12
Unbalance(I) .... Current unbalance factor . 12
Uharm.............. Harmonic voltage ............... 5
Iharm ............... Harmonic current ............... 5
Pharm .............. Harmonic power................. 5
Pharm(phase).. Harmonic voltage-current
phase difference .............. 12
UTHD............... Total harmonic voltage
distortion factor .................. 4
ITHD ................ Total inter-harmonic
current distortion factor ...... 4
KF .................... K factor............................... 2
Wave ............... Waveform distortion ........... 4
Ext(I/O) ............ External input ..................... 8
Ext(start) .......... Start ................................. 10
Ext(stop) .......... Stop.................................... 9
CH&Order
Items .................................... .....................Number of characters
CH1,...,CH4 ......................... ..................................................... 3
CHsum ................................. ..................................................... 5
CH1(1),...,CH1(50)............... CH(harmonic order) ..................... 6
CHsum(1),...,CHsum(50) ..... CHsum(harmonic order) .............. 9
*5.
IN/OUT
Items .................................... .....................Number of characters
IN ..........................Event start ................................................... 2
OUT ......................Event end .................................................... 3
SENSE..................Sense event ................................................ 5
*6.
*7.
Line feed (2)
Period (13)
","
*6
*5
Peak, deepest value

(6)
*7
","
Threthold (6)
","
IN/OUT
*4
Number of characters
Items ................ .......... Number of characters

Tran, ................Transient ............................4
Swell ................Voltage swell ......................5
Dip ...................Voltage dip .........................3
Intrupt...............Interruption .........................7
Freq .................Voltage frequency ..............4
U(rms) ..............RMS voltage value .............6
U(peak+) ..........Voltage waveform peak (+) 8
U(peak-) ...........Voltage waveform peak (-) .8
I(rms) ...............RMS current value..............6
I(peak+)............Current waveform peak (+) 8
I(peak-) ............Current waveform peak (-) .8
P(P)..................Active power.......................4
P(S)..................Apparent power ..................4
P(Q) .................Reactive power...................4
PF ....................Power factor/Displacement
power factor........................2
*4.
","
CH&Order
(Space)
Example
Event category *3
","
*1
*1.
*2.
*3.
Time (up to ms)

(12)
*2
(Space) (1)
Date (10)
(Space)(3)
Event number
(7+line feed, 2)
Items
Threshold .......... Displayed only when the status is IN........ 6

Peak, deepest value Display transient, dip*, swell*,
interruption*, sense event only

(*:Displayed only when the status is OUT) 6
Period ................. Displayed only when the status is OUT.. 13
*8.
NOTE:
IN/OUT, thresholds, peak/deepest value, period, and their accompanying commas (,) are
not displayed for some events.
224
Appendix
Contents of Automatic Setting of Events (thresholds)

Default setting of
ON/OFF
Items
Setting of levels
The current measured values shall be used as the

Only those lines used in reference values. All hystereses should be 1% of
the set wire connection the levels (thresholds). The levels (thresholds)
are ON; the remainder are as specified below.
are OFF. CH4 is OFF
when AC is set.
ON
150% of the reference value (RMS voltage value)
Voltage swell
ON
110% of the nominal voltage value
Voltage dip
ON
Interruption
ON
Waveform distortion
ON
5% of the range
Frequency
ON
5Hz of the reference value (frequency)
RMS voltage value
ON (SENSE OFF,
SENSE width10 V)
10% of the reference value (RMS voltage value)
Voltage waveform peak (max)
ON
150% of the reference value (maximum voltage

waveform peak value)
Voltage waveform peak (min)
ON
150% of the reference value (minimum voltage

RMS current value
ON
50% of the reference value (RMS current value)
Current waveform peak (max)
ON
200% of the reference value (maximum current

Current waveform peak (min)
ON
200% of the reference value (minimum current

Active power
ON
(The final ch is the SUM value.)
150% of the absolute value of the reference value

(active power)
Apparent power
ON

(apparent power)
Reactive power
ON

(reactive power)
Power factor
ON
If lower than 70%
K factor
ON
If higher than 10
ON
If higher than 3%
ON
If higher than 35%
Harmonic voltage Fundamental ON

wave
Harmonic
wave

ON only in odd-numbered order up to elev- (fundamental wave of the harmonic voltage)
enth order.
The remainder are OFF.
Harmonic current Fundamental ON

wave
Harmonic
wave

(fundamental wave of the harmonic voltage)

(fundamental wave of the harmonic current)
ON only in odd-num50% of the absolute value of the reference value

bered order up to elev- (fundamental wave of the harmonic current)
enth order.
225
Appendix
Default setting of
ON/OFF
Items
Setting of levels
The current measured values shall be used as the

Only those lines used in reference values. All hystereses should be 1% of
the set wire connection the levels (thresholds). The levels (thresholds)
are ON; the remainder are as specified below.
are OFF. CH4 is OFF
when AC is set.
Harmonic power
Fundamental ON
wave
Harmonic
wave

(fundamental wave of the harmonic power)

ON only in odd-numbered order up to elev- (fundamental wave of the harmonic power)
enth order.
Harmonic voltFundamental OFF

age-current
wave
phase difference Harmonic
OFF
wave
Absolute value of the reference value (fundamental wave of the harmonic voltage-current phase
difference)
Total harmonic voltage distortion ON

factor
5%
Total harmonic current distortion ON

factor
20%
NOTE: In the voltage value, current value, and power value, however, 10% of the range shall be the
level (threshold) if the reference value is not higher than 10% of the range.
226
Appendix
Event Recording Sequence (Priority Order)

In sequence from higher event priority (prioritized in the sequence of items described)
1. Transient overvoltage (peak-wise sequence)
2. Interruption, voltage dip, voltage swell
1. In sequence of OUT - IN
2. If the items are the same, the event that shows a deeper deepest value (maximum value) is
given priority.
3. If the items and the deepest values (maximum values) are the same, the period-wise
sequence is applied.
4. External input, voltage waveform distortion, frequency, RMS voltage value, Voltage unbalance
factor
5. Voltage waveform peak, current waveform peak, RMS current value, active power, apparent
power, reactive power, power factor, current unbalance factor, total harmonic voltage distortion
factor, total harmonic current distortion factor
6. Harmonic voltage, Harmonic current, Harmonic power, Harmonic voltage-current phase difference, K factor
NOTE: CH and order are unrelated to priority. If the events have the same priorities, the queuing
sequence is indeterminate.
227
Appendix
Block Diagram (Analog)
228
Appendix
Block Diagram (Digital)
HIOKI 3196 POWER QUALITY ANALYZER

Instruction Manual
Publication date: November 2003 Revised edition 6
Edited and published by HIOKI E.E. CORPORATION
Technical Support Section
All inquiries to International Sales and Marketing Department
81 Koizumi, Ueda, Nagano, 386-1192, Japan
TEL: +81-268-28-0562 / FAX: +81-268-28-0568
E-mail: [email protected]
URL http://www.hioki.co.jp/
Printed in Japan 3196A983-06
All reasonable care has been taken in the production of this

manual, but if you find any points which are unclear or in error,
please contact your supplier or the International Sales and Marketing Department at HIOKI headquarters.
In the interests of product development, the contents of this
manual are subject to revision without prior notice.
Unauthorized reproduction or copying of this manual is
prohibited.
HEAD OFFICE
81 Koizumi, Ueda, Nagano 386-1192, Japan

TEL +81-268-28-0562 / FAX +81-268-28-0568
E-mail: [email protected] / URL http://www.hioki.co.jp/
HIOKI USA CORPORATION
6 Corporate Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512, USA

TEL +1-609-409-9109 / FAX +1-609-409-9108
3196A983-06 03-11H
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Power Quality Analyzer: Instruction Manual

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INSTRUCTION MANUAL

Product Overview .........................................................3

Key Explanations .........................................................9

Common Display Areas .................................................12

Connection Diagram ..................................................39

Using the SYSTEM Screen ........................................43

Making System Settings .............................................49

Main Settings ................................................................49

Event Settings Screen ................................................63

Confirming the Connection Diagram .............................45

Measurement Settings ..................................................63

Load/Save Screen ......................................................64

Using the VIEW Screen ............................................. 65

Harmonics Bar Graph ................................................... 74

Using the TIME PLOT Screen ................................... 79

Graphing Voltage Fluctuations for Each Interval .......... 93

Changes in Harmonics ............................................ 100

IEC Flicker Meter and V10 Flicker Meter .................. 104

Using the EVENT Screen ........................................ 116

Voltage/Power Event Settings .................................... 122

Event List Display .................................................... 127

Connecting to the External Control Terminal ...........136

Using the Internal Memory .......................................140

Selecting a PC Card ....................................................141

11.2 Control and Monitoring Using a LAN Interface .........165

11.3 HTTP Server Function .............................................172

Product Specifications ..............................................177

Appendix ________________________________ 209

Indicates that the explanation of a technical term is at the

Outlook of Operating Procedures

Indicates the screen name

Indicates operation keys.

Indicates the name of an item displayed

Displays the item selected in the drop-down

Electric power liberalization

Cooperative system with independent

Correctly analyze abnormal phenomena

Continuous long-term monitoring and recording

Supports a variety of power lines

Simultaneous measurement of multiple elements

High-speed impulse detection and waveform display

V10 Flicker, IEC flicker measurement

-Y and Y- conversion functions provided

-Y conversion can be performed on three-phase 3-wire systems, and

Up to one month continuous measurement

Time plot graph display

Event detection functions

Easy-to-see TFT color LCD

RS-232C and LAN interfaces provided

PC Card interface provided

Six selectable display languages

Nickel-Metal-Hydride battery pack supplied

Compact and light weight

Carrying case options for portability

A choice of optional clamp-on sensors

Control instrument settings and data acquisition by

Control instrument settings and data acquisition by

PC application software (option) for analyzing a large