Municipal Transportation Commission - Abcs

The ABCs of MTC
Your Guide to
the Bay Area’s
Transportation
Planning,
Financing and
Coordinating Agency
Metropolitan Transportation Commission

COMMISSIONERS
Bill Dodd, Chair Anne W. Halsted

Napa County and Cities San Francisco Bay Conservation
and Development Commission
Scott Haggerty, Vice Chair
Alameda County Steve Kinsey
Marin County and Cities
Tom Ammiano
City and County of San Francisco Sue Lempert
Cities of San Mateo County
Tom Azumbrado
U.S. Department of Housing Jon Rubin
and Urban Development San Francisco Mayor’s Appointee
Tom Bates Bijan Sartipi

Cities of Alameda County State Business, Transportation
and Housing Agency
Bob Blanchard
Sonoma County and Cities James P. Spering
Solano County and Cities
Dean J. Chu
Cities of Santa Clara County Adrienne J. Tissier
San Mateo County
Dave Cortese
Association of Bay Area Governments Amy Worth
Cities of Contra Costa County
Dorene M. Giacopini
U.S. Department of Transportation Ken Yeager
Santa Clara County
Federal D. Glover
Contra Costa County
The ABCs of MTC
Your Guide to
the Bay Area’s
Transportation
Planning,
Financing and
Coordinating Agency October 2007
Joseph P. Bort MetroCenter

101 Eighth Street
Oakland, California 94607
510.81 7. 5700 PHONE

510.81 7. 5769 TDD/ TTY
510.81 7. 5848 FAX
[email protected] E-MAIL
www.mtc.ca.gov WEB
M etropolita
opolitan Transpor
ransportation
on Commissio
Commission
128
101
128 29
Healdsburg
Sonoma 101
St. Helena
128
505
116
Napa 80
12 Santa
Rosa 121 Vacaville
29
116 12
113
Amtrak
Capitol
Corridor
Napa
Petaluma
12 Fairfield
116
121
29 12
680
Solano Rio
Novato
37 37 Vista
Marin Vallejo
780
1 San 101
Rafael
4 4 Antioch
80 Concord
Richmond
Brentwood
580
Walnut
Berkeley 24
Creek Contra 4
Costa
80 13
980
Oakland 680
San Francisco
580
580
238
580
880 Pleasanton Livermore
Amtrak Hayward
Capitol Altamont
380 Corridor Commuter
238 Express
San 92 84 Alameda
Mateo
Fremont
280
101
Major Features of 84
92
the Bay Area Half
Moon
Caltrain
Transportation System Bay San Palo

Alto
Mateo 280
82
237
BART
Bus Route 130
35 San Jose
Commuter Rail (Altamont 84
Commuter Express, Amtrak
Capitol Corridor, Caltrain) 87
Santa Clara
Ferry Route 9 85
Los
SF Muni Light Rail 1 35 Gatos Morgan Hill
VTA Light Rail 17 Caltrain 101
101
280 Highway
92
Airport
Ferry Terminal N
152
Seaport Gilroy 152
Street base map ©Thomas Bros. Maps. All rights reserved.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
2 Welcome to MTC
4 You Already Know MTC
6 Bay Area Transportation Basics
8 Who We Are
9 What Does MTC Do?
11 What Does BATA Do?
12 How Does MTC Work?
16 Planning for the Future

16 Regional Transportation Plan
16 Regional Transit Expansion Program
(Resolution 3434)
19 Fast Facts
20 The Funding Pipeline

20 Ongoing Operations and Maintenance
21 System Efficiency
21 Strategic Expansion and Capital Investments
22 Where Does the Funding Come From?
24 Major Transportation Funding Sources
26 How Do Transportation Projects Get Funded?
28 Evolution of a Project
30 Getting Involved With MTC

33 Making the Local Connection
34 Bay Area “Transportationese”

Welcome to MTC
Have You Heard of Us?

The Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC)
may not be as well known to you as your local transit
agency, but what we do touches your life each time you
leave home to travel around the nine-county San Francisco
Bay Area. Our job is to make sure the regional transporta-
tion network functions smoothly and efficiently, and to
plan responsibly to meet the future mobility needs of our
growing population.
The purpose of this book is to introduce our agency to you,

and to provide you with an inside look at how transportation
polices take shape and regional decisions are made. Even more
important, we show how you can take part in this process.
2 M e t r o p o l i t a n Tra n s p o r t a t i o n C o m m i s s i o n
Have We Heard From You?
As a public agency that helps to fund transportation projects
in the region, MTC invites and encourages public participation.
We want to know what you think. We want you to share with
us your ideas for improving Bay Area transportation, and
we want to know what steps
Help us keep the
you think we should take to
Bay Area moving.
make this happen.
With many needs and limited funding, transportation pro-

grams and projects rely on public input and the support that
comes through an open, inclusive process. We urge you to
become part of that process and to make your views known.
This guide can’t tell you all that MTC does, but it opens the
door and invites you to become better acquainted with
our projects and programs. Please join us as we strive to
accomplish our mission: to keep the Bay Area moving.
T h e A B C s o f M TC 3
You Already Know MTC
hether or not you associate them with us, you’re probably familiar with some
W of the services MTC offers to the Bay Area traveling public. Here are a few
of the higher-profile initiatives we have undertaken to improve operations and
enhance the efficiency of our regional transportation network.
511 Traveler Information
Launched by MTC in 2002, 51 1 is a 24-hour, toll-free phone

and Web service (51 1.org) that consolidates Bay Area trans-
portation information into a one-stop resource. 51 1 provides
up-to-the-minute information on traffic conditions, incidents
and driving times; schedule, route and fare information for
dozens of public transportation services; instant carpool and
vanpool referrals; bicycle routes and more.
FasTrak®
FasTrak® is the electronic toll collection system used on the

Bay Area’s seven state-owned toll bridges and the Golden
Gate Bridge. The Bay Area Toll Authority (BATA), an arm of
MTC, manages marketing and customer service operations
for FasTrak® — which by eliminating the need for commuters
to stop and pay tolls helps to improve traffic flow and reduce
congestion-related pollution at bridge toll plazas.
TransLink® Smart Card
MTC is leading the effort to have one “universal” ticket —

called TransLink® — to pay fares on all Bay Area public transit
systems. TransLink® went into service in the fall of 2006 on
AC Transit and Golden Gate Transit buses and ferries. Over
the next four years, this “smart” fare card will be accepted
on Muni, BART, Caltrain, SamTrans, VTA and all other transit
systems in the region.
Freeway Service Patrol
Sponsored by the MTC Service Authority for Freeways and

Expressways (SAFE) in partnership with Caltrans and the
California Highway Patrol (CHP), the Bay Area’s Freeway
Service Patrol (FSP) is a fleet of roving tow trucks that are on
the lookout for stalls and accidents during peak commute
hours. Today, 83 trucks patrol some 500 miles of the region’s
most congested freeways. On average, FSP drivers stop more
than 10,000 times a month to rescue stranded motorists, clear
dangerous road debris, tag abandoned vehicles and otherwise
help make the Bay Area’s freeways safer and less congested.
Call Boxes
The bright yellow, solar-powered call boxes you see along

Bay Area highways are there courtesy of MTC SAFE,
Caltrans and the CHP. Some 2,100 roadside call boxes are in
operation 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The call boxes
provide motorists with a direct line to dispatchers, allowing
them to report a road hazard, a flat tire or a mechanical
breakdown. Some 30,000 calls for help are made annually
from the roadside boxes.
Getting There on Transit
Published by MTC, this free, pocket-sized guide includes

directions to 250 popular destinations in the nine-county
region that are easily reached by bus, ferry or rail. Getting
There on Transit features 15 full-color regional and local maps
(including close-ups of downtowns) showing routes offered by
37 bus, rail and ferry operators; a directory of special taxi and
van services for elderly and disabled riders; and connections
to the Oakland, San Francisco and San Jose airports.
Bay Area Transportation Basics
f there is one characteristic that THE PEOPLE

I defines Bay Area residents, it’s
our desire to go places. Whether
In 2006
it’s around the block or around the Bay — 7.1 Million population
walking, bicycling, driving or riding public 3.6 Million jobs
transit — we are footloose folks, on the
By 2030
move 24/7. To reach our destinations,
from one end of this nine-county region 8.7 Million population
to the other, we make use of a complex 5.1 Million jobs
network of sidewalks, streets, roads, bike
trails, freeways, bridges, buses, ferries
and rail systems that link together above THE TRANSPORTATION
and below ground, under and across NETWORK
the Bay, and across town, city and county 1,420 Miles of freeways and
boundaries. Dozens of agencies and state highways
organizations work cooperatively to
340 Miles of carpool lanes
operate and maintain this network, from
state agencies such as Caltrans and the 19,400 Miles of local streets and roads
California Highway Patrol, to local govern- 9,000 Miles of bus routes
ments and transit agencies.
470 Miles of rail transit
These key facts and figures sketch the 5 Commuter ferry lines
rough dimensions of the Bay Area
8 Toll bridges
transportation network and help bring
it into focus. 5 Public ports
3 Major commercial airports
THE BAY AREA 750 Miles of bikeways in the regional
bicycle system, including the
9 Counties that touch
nine-county Bay Trail (and an
San Francisco Bay:
additional 1,300 miles of new
Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin,
bikeways are proposed).
Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo,
Santa Clara, Solano and Sonoma
101 Municipalities
7,179 Square miles of land
THE BUDGET PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
$4.7 Billion (on average) in public 475+ Million trips a year are logged
funds will be spent every year by Bay Area transit riders,
on Bay Area transportation on routes offered by some two
over the next 25 years. dozen public transit agencies.
84% Share of spending devoted to Rail Operators
maintaining and operating the
Altamont Commuter Express
region’s existing road, highway
and transit network. BART
16% Share of spending directed to Caltrain
new projects or system
Capitol Corridor
expansion.
Largest Bus Transit Operators
63% Share of funding that will go to
(and areas served)
support public transit — for
operations, rehabilitation and AC Transit
expansion. (Western Alameda & Contra Costa
counties, San Francisco)
THE AUTOMOBILE County Connection

(Contra Costa County)
4.6 Million cars owned regionwide
in 2006 Golden Gate Transit
(Marin & Sonoma counties, San Francisco)
1.8 Cars per household
Muni
2.0 Most cars per household (San Francisco)
(average): Santa Clara County
SamTrans
1.1 Fewest cars per household (San Mateo County, San Francisco)
(average): San Francisco County
Valley Transportation Authority
(Santa Clara County)
THE COMMUTE Major Ferry Systems
In 2005, Bay Area workers commuted by: Golden Gate Ferry
69% Driving alone (Marin County, San Francisco)
11% Carpooling Alameda/Oakland Ferry

(Alameda County, San Francisco)
10% Public transportation
Vallejo Baylink Ferry
10% Working at home, walking, (Solano County, San Francisco)
bicycling or other means
Who We Are
he Metropolitan Transportation MTC has a staff of some 160 and an
T Commission (MTC) was created

by the California Legislature in
annual operating budget (including con-
sultant contracts) of about $88 million,
1970 to plan the transportation network which is funded from local, regional, state
for the nine Bay Area counties. and federal transportation funds.
As the Bay Area grew, MTC’s responsibili- In recent years, MTC and BATA have been
ties increased, until today MTC is three involved in everything from selecting the
agencies in one with a wide range of design for the new, seismically safe east-
duties and a shared mission: to keep the ern span of the San Francisco-Oakland
Bay Area moving. In addition to its origi- Bay Bridge to developing the Bay Area’s
nal charge to plan, finance and coordinate 511 traveler information system, a free
Bay Area transportation, MTC, as the service available 24/7 on the phone at
Bay Area Toll Authority (BATA), is direct- 511 and on the Web at 511.org.
ing an $1 1 billion program to improve the
region’s bridges and protect them against
earthquakes. And, as the Service Authority MTC is three agencies
for Freeways and Expressways (SAFE), in one with a shared
MTC oversees a regionwide network of mission: to keep
freeway call boxes and roving tow trucks. the Bay Area moving.
The three agencies are directed by MTC’s
19-member policy board. To help achieve
its mission, MTC is aided by several
citizen advisory committees and by a
coalition of federal, state, regional and
local agencies that are responsible for
transportation and environmental quality
in the Bay Area.
WHAT DOES MTC DO?
MTC allocates more
MTC Plans — Any new transportation
than $1 billion a year
project in the region must be included in
MTC’s long-range Regional Transportation
for Bay Area
Plan to qualify for state or federal funds. transportation projects.
With extensive input from the public and
its transportation partners, MTC updates
on a long-term plan for expanding and
this 25-year plan every four years to
improving rail service — for passengers
guide regional transportation invest-
and freight — throughout the Bay Area
ments. Factors considered include
and into the Central Valley. MTC planners
available funding, as well as land-use,
also track data collected annually from
environmental and community goals.
the U.S. Census to study the comings and
In addition to long-range planning, the goings of Bay Area commuters. This infor-
Commission studies or participates in mation, along with other travel surveys
studies of various travel corridors or from a variety of sources, is used to fore-
modes. For example, the Commission cast travel demand, plan transit routes,
recently teamed with BART, Caltrain and and prepare local general plans. (See also
the California High-Speed Rail Authority “Planning for the Future,” pages 16-19.)
MTC Funds — The Commission votes to

allocate and keeps accurate accounting of
more than $1 billion a year. The funds are
allocated to Bay Area public transit, local
streets and roads, highways, freight facili-
ties, and bicycle and pedestrian routes.
To support its allocation decisions, MTC
annually scrutinizes transit operators’
budgets and evaluates their service and
overall performance. As the Bay Area Toll
Authority, MTC is responsible for admin-
istering all revenues from the Bay Area’s
seven state-owned toll bridges.
MTC Operates — In recent years, MTC has
assumed a more active role in managing
the Bay Area’s extensive transportation
network by launching several “hands on”
projects to promote efficient operation
and monitoring of the system. (See “You
Already Know MTC,” on pages 4-5.) With
MTC’s assistance, many partner agencies
are using technology to help coordinate
traffic signal timing across city or other
jurisdictional boundaries, to speed emer-
gency vehicles’ access to fires and traffic
accidents, or to increase traffic flows into
and out of major events.
StreetSaver™, a pioneering, computer-

based pavement management system
developed by MTC staff, is helping Bay
Area cities and counties to better main-
Through its Housing Incentive Program tain their local streets and roads.
(HIP), and Transportation for Livable
Communities (TLC) initiatives, MTC pro- MTC Advocates — As the transportation
vides direct grants to municipalities and agency with responsibility for nine Bay
public/private partnerships that plan Area counties, MTC is able to broker
transit-oriented housing developments agreements in the regional interest
and community-oriented transportation among numerous local agencies. And,
projects. (See also, “The Funding Pipeline,” whether testifying in Washington or
pages 20-29.) Sacramento to garner additional funds
for transportation or making a case for
MTC Coordinates — MTC devotes con- a policy change to cut red tape, MTC
siderable energy to keeping the region’s promotes Bay Area priorities to the state
transportation network functioning and and federal governments. By presenting
to ensuring that the network delivers a united regional front, MTC helps the
benefits to every Bay Area community. Bay Area to put its best foot forward in
Working with the region’s transit opera- the often intense competition for state
tors, MTC has spearheaded the TransLink® and federal funding programs.
project to enable transit riders to use
a single ticket to ride on all Bay Area
transit systems. MTC promotes Bay Area
priorities to the state
and federal governments.
WHAT DOES BATA DO?
The Bay Area Toll Authority (BATA) is rehabilitation
the newest and highest-profile offshoot of the bridges,
of MTC. BATA began operations on including the proj-
January 1, 1998, under the auspices of ects mandated by Regional Measure 1
MTC. It was created by the California (RM 1) and the Toll Bridge Seismic Retrofit
Legislature to administer the base Program. BATA has authority to set
$1 auto toll on the San Francisco Bay bridge tolls to ensure sufficient funds will
Area’s seven state-owned toll bridges be available to complete the seismic
(the Antioch, Benicia-Martinez, Carquinez, retrofit program.
Dumbarton, Richmond-San Rafael, San
Francisco-Oakland Bay and San Mateo- In 2004, BATA also assumed responsibil-
Hayward bridges). In 2005, the Legis- ity for managing FasTrak® — the electronic
lature expanded BATA’s responsibilities toll collection system used on all Bay
to include administration of all toll Area bridges (including the Golden Gate
revenue on these bridges, as well as Bridge, which is owned and operated by
management of the program to seismi- an independent authority). Eliminating
cally retrofit the bridges, in conjunction the need for commuters to stop and
with Caltrans and the California Trans- pay tolls helps to improve traffic flow
portation Commission. at bridge toll plazas. BATA-sponsored
marketing incentives and BATA-financed
As part of its activities, BATA funds the improvements to bridge toll plazas —
day-to-day operations, facilities mainte- including more FasTrak®-only lanes — are
nance and management of the seven helping to dramatically expand FasTrak®
state-owned toll bridges. BATA also funds enrollment regionwide.
the long-term capital improvement and
HOW DOES MTC WORK? Nonvoting Members
The three nonvoting members represent:
The Commission
• the state’s Business, Transportation
MTC’s 19-member panel is made up of
and Housing Agency
16 voting members and three nonvoting
• the federal Department of Housing
members.
and Urban Development
Voting Members • the U.S. Department of Transportation
Of the 16 voting members, 14 are appointed
directly by local elected officials. Because of this system, most commis-
sioners are local elected officials. All
• In each of the more populous counties
commissioners serve four-year terms
— Alameda, Contra Costa, San Fran-
and may be reappointed. The chair and
cisco, San Mateo and Santa Clara —
vice chair, elected by voting members
two commissioners are appointed,
of MTC, serve two-year terms. The full
one by the county’s council of mayors
Commission meets once a month, usually
and councilmembers (in San Francisco,
on the fourth Wednesday. It meets as the
by the mayor) and one by the county
Bay Area Toll Authority on the same day.
board of supervisors.
• In each of the less populous counties — The Commission Works
Marin, Napa, Solano and Sonoma — Through Standing Committees
the county’s council of mayors and Matters on the Commission agenda
councilmembers nominates up to three usually come in the form of recommen-
candidates to the board of supervisors, dations from MTC standing committees.
which selects one commissioner. As much of the nitty-gritty work of MTC
is done at the committee level, the public
The other two voting members represent
is encouraged to participate at this stage.
regional agencies:
MTC meetings are open to the public; to
• the Association of Bay Area confirm dates, times and locations, call
Governments (ABAG) 510.817.5757. Commission meetings and
• the San Francisco Bay Conservation standing committee meetings are carried
and Development Commission (BCDC) live on the Web at www.mtc.ca.gov/
meetings/schedule/.
MTC’s offices are located in the Joseph P. Bort MetroCenter, adjacent to the Lake Merritt BART station in Oakland.
MTC Standing Committees MTC Standing Committees
That Meet the Second Wednesday That Meet the Second Friday
Of the Month: Of the Month:
BATA Oversight Planning

Oversees the work of the Bay Area Toll Recommends revisions to the Regional
Authority (BATA), which serves as fiscal Transportation Plan — MTC’s evolving
watchdog for the revenue generated by long-range blueprint for Bay Area trans-
the region’s seven state-owned bridges portation — and oversees other planning
as well as the multibillion dollar program studies and programs.
to update and expand the bridges. Meets at 9:30 a.m.
Meets at 9:30 a.m.
Operations
Administration Oversees MTC’s transportation manage-
Oversees operation and management of ment and operational activities, including
MTC staff, approves consultant contracts 511 and TransLink®, highway and arterial
and sets agency financial policies. operations programs, and the call box and
Meets at 9:45 a.m.* Freeway Service Patrol programs admin-
istered by the MTC Service Authority for
Programming and Allocations Freeways and Expressways (SAFE).
Develops regional policies for and rec- Meets at 10 a.m.*
ommends programming of federal and
state funds for inclusion in the region’s Legislation
Transportation Improvement Program. Recommends MTC legislative policy, rep-
Also, allocates local and state funds, resents the Commission in the legislative
including bridge toll funds, primarily for process, and oversees the Commission’s
transit capital and operating projects. public information and participation
Reviews projects for consistency with programs.
regional priorities and air quality laws. Meets at 10:30 a.m.*
Meets at 10 a.m.* *These meetings start at the time shown, or
immediately following the previous meeting,
whichever occurs later.
Most MTC Commissioners
are local elected officials.
MTC Works Through MTC Advisory Council — The most
Advisory Committees broadly based of MTC’s citizen partici-
MTC ensures ongoing community participation groups, the Council is composed
pation and guidance by sponsoring three of 24 representatives from diverse cate-
advisory committees, identified below. At gories, including:
their monthly meetings, the committees • academia
make recommendations on a range of
• business and freight
transportation issues and projects being
• community
considered by the Commission. The com-
position of the three panels reflects the • environmental
Bay Area’s demographic diversity. • labor
• public safety
Advisory committees • transportation users
make recommendations • architecture, construction and

engineering
on issues being considered
by the Commission. • news media
• MTC’s other two advisory committees
The Advisory Council provides advice on

Regional Transportation Plan revisions,
legislative initiatives, funding priorities
and other key subjects.
Elderly and Disabled Advisory MTC Works With
Committee — This committee focuses Transportation Partners
on issues of concern to the elderly and To manage a transportation system
to persons with disabilities, particularly owned and operated by dozens of differ-
regarding access to transportation serv- ent agencies — with hundreds of different
ices and implementation of the Americans facilities, ranging from sidewalks to jet
With Disabilities Act. This federal civil runways — strong organizational links
rights law requires, among other things, must be formed. To this end, MTC has
that public transit operators make their formed a coalition of some three dozen
systems accessible to disabled persons. federal, state, regional and local institu-
tions responsible for transportation and
Minority Citizens Advisory Committee —
environmental quality in the Bay Area.
This group works to ensure that the
This group, known as the Bay Area
views and needs of minority communities
Partnership, includes:
identified in Title VI of the federal Civil
• Caltrans (the California Department
Rights Act of 1964 are adequately
of Transportation)
reflected in MTC policies. The Commission
appoints members from the nine Bay • local transit operators
Area counties covering the region’s major • representatives from county-level
ethnic minority groups. congestion management agencies
• local public works departments
• airports and seaports
• other regional, state and federal trans-
portation and environmental-protection
agencies.
Managing the region’s

transportation assets
requires strong
organizational links.
The Partnership meets regularly to

develop and coordinate strategies to
efficiently manage the region’s trans-
portation assets. The Partnership’s work
reflects its commitment to operate
the transportation network as a single,
well-integrated system.
Planning for the Future
REGIONAL REGIONAL TRANSIT

TRANSPORTATION PLAN EXPANSION PROGRAM
(RESOLUTION 3434)
ne of MTC’s most important
O functions is preparation of a
Regional Transportation Plan
One of the cornerstones of the Trans-
portation 2030 Plan is the Bay Area’s
(RTP) for the nine-county San Francisco Regional Transit Expansion Program,
Bay Area. The RTP is a road map to guide which calls for a $13.5 billion investment
the region’s transportation development in new rail and bus projects that will
for a 25-year period. Updated every four improve mobility and enhance connectiv-
years to reflect changing conditions ity for residents throughout the region.
and new planning priorities, it is based These include:
on projections of growth in population, • a BART extension from Fremont to
employment and travel demand coupled San Jose and Santa Clara
with financial assumptions. The RTP
• a “Central Subway” that would extend
process includes extensive public consul-
San Francisco Muni’s “T-Third” light-rail
tation and outreach to various agencies
line to Chinatown
and Bay Area residents.
• a BART connector to the Oakland
No transportation project in the region can International Airport
qualify for state or federal money unless • electrification of the Caltrain line and
it is found to be consistent with regional extension of the service to a rebuilt
goals, and thus included in the RTP. Also, Transbay Terminal in downtown
directives contained in federal transporta- San Francisco
tion and clean air legislation require that
• a significant down payment on rail
the RTP include only those projects that
extensions or other transit improve-
the region can afford, and that, taken as
ments to Livermore and Antioch
a whole, the projects included in the plan
must help improve air quality. • the addition of several new regional
express bus routes, including an
Transportation 2030: Mobility for the AC Transit Rapid Bus route running
Next Generation is the RTP currently in from International Boulevard in Oak-
effect. It was adopted by the Commission land to Telegraph Avenue in Berkeley
in 2005. Work has already begun on • new ferry routes to serve San Fran-
an update to that plan, scheduled for cisco, the East Bay, the North Bay and
adoption in 2009. the Peninsula
Artist’s rendering (above) is of the under-construction self-anchored suspension portion of the new East Span
of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. The design for the bridge was selected by a special MTC task force.
The Regional Transit Expansion Program, Encouraging Transit-Friendly
which MTC adopted in December 2001 Development
as Resolution 3434, is the successor to In July of 2005, MTC acted to maximize
MTC’s earlier Regional Rail Agreement, the smart-growth potential of the
which was adopted in 1988 and delivered Resolution 3434 transit investments by
such critical projects as BART extensions adopting a new policy to guide future
to Pittsburg/Bay Point and Dublin/ development near the new transit sta-
Pleasanton, the Tasman light-rail exten- tions. The first of its kind in the country,
sion in Silicon Valley, and the BART MTC’s Transit-Oriented Development
extension to San Francisco International Policy sets a minimum number of housing
Airport. Like its predecessor, Resolution units that must be planned for in con-
3434 represents a regional consensus on junction with Resolution 3434 transit
how to invest limited transit expansion extensions, with more capital-intensive
funds. Such a consensus is needed to investments (i.e., new rail lines) requiring
garner federal and state funding to match a higher number of housing units. At the
locally raised revenues. same time, MTC initiated a new Station
Area Planning Grant Program to help local
governments map out plans for housing,
Resolution 3434 represents shops and offices — vibrant, mixed-use
a regional consensus transit villages — in the vicinity of future
on how to invest limited transit hubs.
transit expansion funds.
Bridge crews repaint and perform other maintenance
tasks on an otherwise-deserted San Francisco-Oakland
Bay Bridge in September 2007, when the entire span
was closed for seismic upgrade work over the Labor Day
weekend. MTC’s Bay Area Toll Authority funds day-to-day
operations and maintenance on the region’s state-owned
toll bridges.
FAST FACTS 2006 2030 % Change
Bay Area Demographics Forecasts

Employment 3,580,900 5,120,600 + 43
Population 7,157,300 8,747,100 + 22
Bay Area Travel Activity Forecasts

Total Daily Person Trips 21,516,700 28,161,300 + 31
Auto (including carpool) 17,945,700 23,480,700 + 31
Transit 1,113,100 1,634,100 + 47
Bicycle/Walk 2,457,900 3,046,500 + 24
Average Daily Vehicle Miles Traveled
Regional 148,165,200 191,176,500 + 29
Average Travel Time to Work
Time (minutes) 28.4 31.2 + 10
Distance (miles) 11.7 11.5 - 1.5
Sources: Association of Bay Area Governments, MTC travel forecasts
The Funding Pipeline
magine a huge reservoir filled ONGOING OPERATIONS

I primarily by local streams — but
augmented by smaller tributaries
AND MAINTENANCE
with headwaters in Washington, D.C., and About 80 percent of all transportation
Sacramento — and drained by a complex revenues coming to the Bay Area are
network of pipelines. The pipes take a tor- needed just to operate and maintain the
tuous path, shooting off in all directions. existing system. Buses need drivers, and
There are a number of shut-off valves, roads, bridges and transit systems require
and leaks sometimes occur. There seems sizable investments for their upkeep.
to be a lot of liquid flowing from the tap, In this category fall such expenses as:
yet there is always a thirst for more. • filling potholes and resurfacing streets
and roads
This plumbing analogy can shed light on
• strengthening bridges and overpasses
transportation finance in the Bay Area.
to withstand a major earthquake
With a seemingly endless array of funding
categories, programs and associated • buying fuel for transit vehicles and
acronyms, it is a complicated process that paying drivers’ and mechanics’ salaries
provides an essential service to many but • providing special transit service
is well understood by relatively few. for elderly and disabled persons who
cannot use regular transit
Transportation funding Some of the money that comes to the

implements the goals set region for transportation is targeted for
in the planning process. building new transportation facilities
and cannot be used for operations and
maintenance. Thus, a community might
Probably the best and certainly the most have funding to build a new rail extension,
straightforward way to look at transpor- but may lack the money to operate the
tation funding is to view it as the means new service once it is online. At present,
of implementing the goals embraced in such operating and maintenance funds
the planning process. The Bay Area’s long- are in short supply. MTC’s latest projec-
term plan, the Transportation 2030 Plan, tions identify a $1.3 billion transit operat-
characterizes transportation spending in ing shortfall over the next 25 years, and
terms of three key categories: adequate an even larger $10.9 billion funding gap
maintenance, system efficiency and for the upkeep of local streets and roads.
strategic expansion.
SYSTEM EFFICIENCY STRATEGIC EXPANSION
AND CAPITAL INVESTMENTS
It is not enough merely to keep the pres-
ent system up to snuff by continuing to After the costly maintenance, opera-
operate and maintain it. To get the most tions and system preservation needs
out of our regional transportation invest- are addressed, less than one-fifth of the
ments, we also must strive to improve funding that comes to the region is
the operating efficiency of the system. available for new transportation invest-
We must take steps to maximize the ments. Yet the Bay Area needs to
passenger and goods-movement through- upgrade and expand the capacity of our
put of our road, highway and transit transit and highway systems to prepare
networks. To do this, MTC is deploying for the anticipated influx of an additional
new approaches and technologies to: 1.6 million residents over the next 25
• smooth traffic years. Typically, this type of investment
is labeled “capital” in transportation
• simplify the payment of transit fares
circles. These capital improvements —
and bridge tolls
be they rail extensions, road widenings
• inform travelers of road and transit or new bus transfer stations — require
conditions years of public review, environmental
• perform other important system- analysis, planning and design before any
efficiency services construction begins.
(A sampling of these operations-oriented As with ongoing operation and mainte-

projects is included in the “You Already nance of the existing system, there are
Know MTC” section, pages 4-5.) many more ideas for improvements to the
transportation network than there are
funds available. This is not surprising when
We also must strive to you consider the hefty price tag that some
improve the operating transportation projects carry. For example,
efficiency of the system. the 8.7-mile BART extension from Colma
to San Francisco International Airport
cost in the neighborhood of $1.5 billion.
And the new, seismically safe East Span
of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge
is expected to cost some $5.6 billion.
WHERE DOES THE FUNDING At the statewide level, the two most
COME FROM? recent sources of new funding were
approved by the voters — Proposition 42
Almost all transportation sources origi- in 2002 and Proposition 1B in 2006
nate with taxpayers, who pay fuel, sales (see page 27 for more on these funding
or other taxes and fees. As illustrated in sources).
the revenues chart on page 23, in the
Bay Area, the bulk of the moneys are The “Major Transportation Funding
generated locally, with smaller portions Sources” table on pages 24-25 lists the
coming from state and federal sources. main funding categories and the annual
While the gasoline tax used to be con- dollar amounts for the Bay Area.
sidered the lifeblood of transportation
Note: The expenditures chart on page 23
finance, it is now absorbed by the cost
illustrates how the Bay Area is spending
of operating and maintaining the state
available transportation funding over
highway system, leaving nothing left over
the next 25 years, based on revenues
for improvements. As a result, 19 coun-
estimated at the time the Transportation
ties throughout the state have adopted
2030 Plan was adopted in 2005. Passage
local sales tax measures dedicated to
by California voters of Proposition 1B in
transportation.
2006 provided an additional $20 billion
for a variety of transportation programs
The cost of operating statewide. The Bay Area’s share is esti-
mated to be approximately $4.5 billion.
and maintaining the
state highway system
now absorbs available
gas tax revenues.
Projected Bay Area Projected Bay Area
Transportation Revenues Transportation Expenditures
2005–2030 2005–2030
4 8 9
7
3 6
5
4
1
1
3
2
Billions Percent Billions Percent

of Dollars of Total of Dollars of Total
1 Local $75 64% Adequate Maintenance

2 Regional $16 13% 1 Transit $61 51%
3 State $14 12% 2 Highway $10 9%
4 Federal $13 11% 3 Local Roads $23 20%
Total $118 100% System Efficiency
4 Transit $ 2 1%
5 Highway $ 1 1%
The bulk of Bay Area 6 Local Roads $ 2 2%
transportation funds Strategic Expansion

are generated locally. 7 Transit $13 11%
8 Highway $ 5 4%
9 Local Roads $ 1 1%
Total $118 100%
Source: Transportation 2030 Plan
MAJOR TRANSPORTATION FUNDING SOURCES (Fiscal Year 2005–06)
Approximate Annual
Amount for the
Local Funding Categories Bay Area (in millions)
Transit Fares $ 570

Temporary 1/2 ¢ sales taxes $ 510
Permanent 1/2 ¢ sales taxes for transit $ 476
Transportation Development Act $ 285
Gasoline Tax Subventions $ 210
(fuel tax; for local street and road maintenance)
Regional Measure 1 Bridge Tolls $ 138

($1 base toll for maintenance of bridges and voter-approved Regional Measure 1 projects)
Regional Measure 2 Bridge Tolls $ 118

($1 toll for voter-approved transit and congestion relief projects in the bridge corridors)
Seismic Retrofit Bridge Tolls 1 $ 118

($2 surcharge on state-owned bridges; for earthquake retrofit)
Property Taxes $ 97
(local taxes in three Bay Area counties; for AC Transit operations and BART seismic retrofit)
Transportation Fund for Clean Air $ 22

($4 vehicle registration fee)
State Funding Categories

State Highway Operation and Protection Program $ 350
(based on 2006 SHOPP)
Proposition 42 Amounts cited for

Proposition 42
are for FY 2008–09
State Transportation Improvement Program $ 118
Local Streets and Roads $ 117
State Transit Assistance $ 50
State Transportation Improvement Program 2 $ 172

State Transit Assistance $ 70
(a portion of the sales tax on gasoline and diesel fuel; for transit capital and operations)
Proposition 1B: Infrastructure Bond Varies — one-time bond

with proceeds
distributed over 10 years
Approximate Annual
Amount for the
Federal Funding Categories Bay Area (in millions)
Federal Transit Act Section 5307 — Formula Funds $ 189

(federal fuel tax for purchase of buses, trains, ferries, vans and support equipment,
and for preventive maintenance and ADA-required paratransit service)
Federal Transit Act Section 5309 — Fixed Guideway $ 102

(for purchase of rail cars, ferries, rail track and facilities)
Surface Transportation Program (STP) $ 76

(federal fuel tax for most capital projects, including highways, rail and bus transit,
local streets, port facilities, bicycle and pedestrian projects, etc.)
Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program (CMAQ) $ 69

(federal fuel tax for projects to reduce vehicle emissions and traffic congestion)
Federal Transit Act Section 5316 – $ 2.5

Job Access and Reverse Commute Program (JARC)
(projects and services designed to transport low-income and disabled persons to work;
projects to move people to suburban job centers)
Federal Transit Act Section 5307 — New and Small Starts Discretionary —
(discretionary funding from general fund for rail extensions and rapid bus projects) varies annually
Federal Transit Act Section 5310 — Elderly and Disabled Discretionary —

(purchase of paratransit vans and related equipment) varies annually
Bus and Bus Facility Discretionary —

(purchase of buses and improvements to bus facilities) varies annually
Notes:
1 Amount will double in fiscal year 2007–08 as a result of $1 toll increase — bringing total seismic surcharge
to $2 — that took effect January 1, 2007.
2 Amount includes the contribution to the State Transportation Improvement Program from Proposition 42,
listed separately.
See MTC’s companion publication, Moving Costs: A Transportation Funding Guide for the San Francisco Bay Area,
for a more complete listing of funding categories as well as which agencies make the funding decisions.
HOW DO TRANSPORTATION State Transportation Improvement
PROJECTS GET FUNDED? Program (STIP)
To receive state funding for capital
Transportation funds are committed to improvements, most projects (such as a
projects, or “programmed,” in several ways. new roadway or highway lane, a new rail
line or rail extension) must be included in
Transportation Improvement
the State Transportation Improvement
Program (TIP)
Program, or STIP. Covering a five-year
MTC prepares the federally required
span and updated every two years, the
Transportation Improvement Program, or
STIP is a blueprint for spending certain
TIP, every four years with the cooperation
available funds throughout California.
of local governments, transit operators
and Caltrans. The TIP is a comprehensive,
multiyear spending plan for the region Transportation improve-
that lists every transportation project
ments must be included
that will receive even a penny of federal
funds or that is subject to a federally
in the TIP.
required action, such as a permit or
review for its impact on air quality. TIPs Seventy-five percent of the STIP consists
must “conform” to federal Clean Air Act of spending programs developed at the
requirements (meaning the projects, regional level throughout the state, called
taken as a whole, must help improve the Regional Transportation Improvement
region’s air quality). As the primary Programs (RTIPs). Each county receives
spending plan for the region, the TIP is a designated amount of funding from
one of the principal means of implement- the RTIP, known as a “county share.”
ing the goals and priorities identified in Congestion management agencies for
the Regional Transportation Plan. each of the nine Bay Area counties
forward their STIP proposals to MTC,
which then reviews them for consistency
with the goals of the long-range plan and
ultimately compiles them into a region-
wide RTIP. This is then forwarded to the
California Transportation Commission
(CTC) — a statewide panel appointed by
the governor. In turn, the CTC must
accept the RTIP in its entirety or send it
back to the region for revision.
For the remaining 25 percent of STIP

funding, Caltrans proposes a statewide
plan for the CTC to adopt. This element is
known as the Interregional Transportation
Improvement Program, or ITIP, and is
intended to address infrastructure needs
that cross metropolitan boundaries and
link the state’s transportation facilities.
• 40 percent is allocated to the STIP
• 40 percent is allocated to local street
and road improvements for cities
and counties
• 20 percent is allocated to public
transportation improvements
(Following the expiration of the Traffic

Congestion Relief Program, at the end
of fiscal year 2007–08, Proposition 42
funds will flow in their entirety to the
categories above.)
Proposition 1B: Infrastructure Bond

Recognizing the need for greater invest-
ment in transportation, in November 2006
California voters approved Proposition 1B,
a general obligation bond measure that
will fund nearly $20 billion in transporta-
Proposition 42 Has Become Main tion improvements.
Fund Source for New Projects Over the next decade, the Bay Area’s
In recent years, funding for the STIP has
share of Proposition 1B funding is
been in short supply due to the increas-
expected to be about $4.5 billion.
ing costs of maintaining and operating
the state’s aging highway system, which
Proposition 1B Statewide Summary
receives priority before gasoline tax
funds are made available to the STIP. Amount
Category (in billions)
While state and federal gasoline excise
(or “per gallon”) tax revenues used to be Goods Movement $ 2.0
the main funding source for the STIP, Highway Improvements $ 5.5
it is now almost entirely dependent upon
Transit Expansion $ 4.0
its share (40 percent) of Proposition 42
funds, whose source is the sales tax State Transportation
on gasoline. Statewide, Proposition 42 Improvement Program $ 2.0
generated approximately $1.4 billion in Local Roads $ 2.0
revenues in fiscal year 2006–07.
Transit Security $ 1.0
The first call on these funds is the Air Quality $ 1.2
Traffic Congestion Relief Program (a set
State-Local Partnership $ 1.0
of specified projects determined in state
legislation enacted in 2000), which Highway Repairs $ 0.5
received $678 million in fiscal year Other $ 0.7
2006–07. The remainder is split according
Total $ 19.9
to a ratio established in statute wherein:
EVOLUTION OF A PROJECT
Typical Stages in the Development and Funding of Transportation Projects
Symbol is used to indicate best public participation opportunities.

(All the stages listed on this page, however, are open to comment by the public.) MTC encourages
public participation in Bay Area transportation decision-making — especially during the earlier stages of
the project development process, when citizen involvement is most effective.
1 Idea
The process starts when a particular transportation need is identified or a new

idea put forward. This first step can be taken by members of the public, a private
business, a community group or a public agency.
2 Define Project
The project idea must be adopted by a formal sponsor — usually a government

entity — which refines the initial idea and develops clear project specifications.
3 Local Review
In many cases, the project must first be presented for review to the local authori-
ties, such as a municipal planning commission, local transit agency, city council
or county board of supervisors. Some projects can be approved at the local level
(e.g., street repairs) and financed with local dollars.
4 County CMA Review
To be eligible for certain state and federal funds, other (typically larger) projects
must be cleared through the county-level congestion management agencies (CMAs).
5 MTC Program Review
All projects competing for state and federal funds are reviewed by MTC as part of
the preparation of the Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) and Transportation
Improvement Program (TIP). At MTC, public participation is welcomed at commit-
tee-level and Commission-level meetings, as well as at special public hearings.
6 State Program
Projects reviewed and approved by MTC for state funding are included in the
Regional Transportation Improvement Program (RTIP), which is considered for
inclusion in the State Transportation Improvement Program (STIP).
7 Federal Program
Projects of all types — bus, rail, highway, bicycle, etc. — reviewed and approved by
MTC for eligibility for federal funds are included in the Transportation Improvement
Program. The federal document, being the most comprehensive, also includes many
of the projects listed in the state program.
8 Grant Allocation (Funding)
Projects listed in the multiyear state and federal programs are reviewed again
by MTC on a project-by-project basis to assure state and federal requirements are
met. Approved projects are forwarded to the state or federal authorities for the
final award of funds.
Getting Involved With MTC
TC extends an open and continu- Meeting Schedules, Agendas

M ing invitation to the Bay Area
public to assist the agency in
and More
MTC encourages interested residents
developing transportation solutions to attend MTC Commission and standing
for the region. A comprehensive Public committee meetings to express their
Participation Plan details the many views. (See page 13 for information on
avenues available to groups and individ- MTC’s committee structure.) An up-to-
uals who would like to “plug into the date schedule of MTC meetings is
process” and get involved in MTC’s work. available on the agency Web site, at
The plan can be found on MTC’s Web www.mtc.ca.gov/meetings/schedule/
site at www.mtc.ca.gov/get_involved/ index.htm. Agendas and packets of
participation_plan.htm. materials for meetings of the Commission
and its committees and advisory panels
Residents of the nine Bay Area counties
are also posted.
are encouraged to apply for vacant
seats on MTC advisory committees (see
pages 14-15.) In most cases, no specific Attend a meeting, join a
education or professional experience
committee, get involved!
is required, just a strong interest in trans-
portation. Commissioners review all
applications, may conduct interviews Database Keeps Interested
with potential members, and make final Residents in the Loop
appointments to advisory committees for MTC maintains a master database of
two-year terms. MTC Public Information interested residents, public agency staff
staff are available to answer questions and stakeholders. The database, which
and provide information about participat- includes mailing information, e-mail
ing in MTC citizen advisory committees. addresses and other contact information,
Phone the Public Information office at is organized around issues or events. This
510.817.5757. allows MTC to send targeted mailings to
keep the public updated on the specific
issues they are interested in. Members of
the public may request to be added to
MTC’s contact database by calling the
Public Information office at 510.817.5757
or e-mailing [email protected].
Web Site Publications
MTC’s news-oriented Web site, www.mtc. To keep the public informed of MTC’s
ca.gov, offers a wealth of information, activities as well as about general
illustrated with colorful graphics. The site: transportation news for the Bay Area,
• explains the agency’s programs and MTC publishes a bimonthly newsletter,
activities in full detail Transactions, and a comprehensive
• provides links to 51 1, FasTrak®, annual report (containing audited finan-
TransLink®, and to all Bay Area transit cial statements for both MTC and BATA).
operators, as well as to other regional, Transactions is sent free of charge to
state and federal government agencies interested persons, the news media,
• posts daily transportation headlines public officials, legislators, transit staff,
with direct links to news articles about national transportation groups, environ-
Bay Area transportation and more mental groups, business groups and
libraries. Each issue is posted on MTC’s
Also, MTC Commission meetings and Web site. To add your name to the
many of its committee meetings are Transactions mailing list, fill in the tear-out
audiocast live on the Web site, and card at the back of this publication.
audiocasts of past meetings are archived
on the site. With Caltrans, MTC also publishes an
annual Bay Area Transportation: State of
the System report, which summarizes the
performance of the Bay Area transporta-
tion system. Key facts and performance
indicators are presented for freeways,
local roadways, transit, goods movement,
and bicycle and pedestrian travel in the
region. As well, MTC regularly issues news
releases on its programs and actions and
arranges for its staff and commissioners
to make presentations in the community.
Visit the MTC-ABAG
Library for the latest on
transportation planning
and related topics.
Visit MTC
MTC’s offices — site of Commission and
committee meetings, as well as the
MTC-ABAG Library — are at:

101 Eighth Street (at Oak Street)
Oakland, CA 94607
(Receptionist is on the third floor)
8 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday–Friday
Phone: 510.817.5700
Library Services: Fax: 510.817.5848
Information for the Asking E-mail: [email protected]
The MTC-ABAG (ABAG stands for the Web: www.mtc.ca.gov
Association of Bay Area Governments,
which is located in the same building as The building is adjacent to the Lake
MTC) Library is a fully accredited facility Merritt BART station, and several
stacked with books and periodicals with a AC Transit lines stop within a few blocks.
special focus on transportation and plan- The MetroCenter also is easily accessible
ning. MTC reports, brochures and studies via Interstate 880 or Interstate 980.
are available to the public through the Both street and garage parking are avail-
library, as are other publications to help able nearby.
you get the latest word on transportation
planning, demographics, economic indica- 17th
Broadway
Harrisson
Lakeside
tors and regional issues. The MTC-ABAG

Madison
Jackson
Webster
Franklin
Lake
Alice
15th Merritt
Library offers free public access to the
Internet. Upon request, MTC publications 14th
Oakland
can be transferred to a format that is City Center/ 13th
12th Street
12th
accessible to persons with disabilities. BART station
11th
Lake Merritt
BART station
MTC-ABAG Library 10th
Joseph P. Bort MetroCenter 9th Fremont BART Line
101 Eighth Street (at Oak Street) 8th

MetroCenter
101 Eighth Street
First Floor 7th
Oakland, CA 94607 To San Jose
8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m., Monday–Friday

Broadway
Franklin
Webster
Alice
Jackson
Madison
Oak
Fallon
4th
Phone: 510.817.5836
3rd
Fax: 510.817.5932
E-mail: [email protected]
MAKING THE LOCAL San Francisco County
CONNECTION Transportation Authority
100 Van Ness Avenue, 26th Floor
The first step toward participating in MTC San Francisco, CA 94102
may begin close to home — with your Phone: 415.522.4800
county congestion management agency, Fax: 415.522.4829
your local transit operator or your city Web: www.sfcta.org
council. Here are contacts for the nine
county congestion management agencies: San Mateo City/County
Association of Governments (C/CAG)
Alameda County Congestion County Office Building
Management Agency 555 County Center, 5th Floor
1333 Broadway, Suite 220 Redwood City. CA 94063
Oakland, CA 94612 Phone: 650.599.1406
Phone: 510.836.2560 Fax: 650.361.8227
Fax: 510.836.2185 Web: www.ccag.ca.gov
Web: www.accma.ca.gov
Santa Clara Valley
Contra Costa Transportation Authority
Transportation Authority 3331 N. First Street, Building B
3478 Buskirk Avenue, Suite 100 San Jose, CA, 95134
Pleasant Hill, CA 94523 Phone: 408.321.2300
Phone: 925.407.0121 Fax: 408.321.7535
Fax: 925.407.0128 Web: www.vta.org
Web: www.ccta.net
Solano Transportation Authority
Transportation Authority of Marin One Harbor Center, Suite 130
3501 Civic Center Drive, Room 304 Suisun City, CA 94585
San Rafael, CA 94903 Phone: 707.424.6075
Phone: 415.507.2680 Fax: 707.424.6074
Fax: 415.507.2648 Web: www.solanolinks.com
Web: www.tam.ca.gov
Sonoma County
Napa County Transportation Transportation Authority
& Planning Agency 490 Mendocino Avenue, Suite 206
707 Randolph Street, Suite 100 Santa Rosa, CA 95401
Napa, CA 94559 Phone: 707.565.5373
Phone: 707.259.8631 Fax: 707.565.5370
Fax: 707.259.8638 Web: www.sctainfo.org
Web: www.nctpa.net
Bay Area “Transportationese”
n MTC’s world, HIP doesn’t mean ADA Americans With Disabilities Act
I “cool,” TLC doesn’t offer “tender

loving care” and “ice tea” is not a
Federal civil rights legislation for disabled
persons passed in 1990; calls on public
drink. The business of transportation, like transit systems to make their services
many other industries, professions and more fully accessible, as well as to under-
government agencies, is full of acronyms, write a parallel network of paratransit
abbreviated names and jargon. If you’d like service.
to become fluent in “transportationese,”
here’s a list of terms to start you on BAAQMD Bay Area Air Quality
your way. Management District (Also known as
the Air District, since the acronym seems
511 511 is a 24-hour, toll-free phone and to take longer to say than the full name.)
Web service (511.org) that consolidates Regulates industry and employers to
Bay Area transportation information keep air pollution in check and sponsors
into a one-stop resource. 511 provides programs to clean the air. The Air District
up-to-the-minute information on traffic works with MTC and the Association
conditions, public transit routes and of Bay Area Governments on issues
schedules, carpool and vanpool referrals, that affect transportation, land use and
bicycle routes and more. 511 is managed air quality.
by a partnership of public agencies,
led by MTC, the California Highway BATA Bay Area Toll Authority
Patrol and Caltrans. When MTC activated Entity created by the state Legislature
the 511 phone number in 2002, the to administer the base $1 toll from the
region became the first in the state to Bay Area’s seven state-owned toll bridges.
implement a free, phone-based traveler Now oversees all toll revenue from the
information service. seven toll bridges. MTC began operations
as BATA on January 1, 1998.
ABAG Association of Bay Area
Governments A voluntary association Bay Area Partnership Often referred to
of counties and cities that is the general simply as “The Partnership,” this is a
planning agency for the nine-county confederation of the top staff of various
San Francisco Bay Area. Also provides transportation agencies in the region
demographic, financial, administrative, (MTC, public transit operators, county
training and conference services to local CMAs, city and county public works
governments and businesses. ABAG departments, ports, Caltrans, U.S. DOT,
appoints a representative to sit on the etc.) as well as environmental protection
Commission. agencies. The Partnership works by con-
sensus to improve the overall efficiency
and operation of the Bay Area’s trans- CMA Congestion Management Agency
portation network, including developing A county-level agency responsible for
strategies for financing transportation preparing and implementing a county’s
improvements. Congestion Management Program.
CMAs came into existence as a result of
BCDC San Francisco Bay Conservation state legislation and voter approval of
and Development Commission A state- Proposition 111 in 1990. Subsequent legis-
established agency with jurisdiction over lation made optional the requirement
dredging and filling of San Francisco Bay for counties to have a CMA. All Bay Area
and limited jurisdiction over development counties have them.
within 100 feet of the Bay. BCDC appoints
a representative to sit on the Commission. CMAQ Congestion Mitigation and Air
Quality Improvement Program A pot of
CAA Clean Air Act Federal legislation federal money for projects and activities
that requires each state with areas that that reduce congestion and improve air
have not met federal air quality standards quality, both in regions not yet attaining
to prepare a State Implementation Plan, federal air quality standards and those
or SIP. The sweeping 1990 amendments engaged in efforts to preserve their
to the CAA established new air quality attainment status.
requirements for the development of
metropolitan transportation plans and Conformity A process in which
programs. The California Clean Air Act transportation plans and spending pro-
(or CCAA) sets even tougher state goals. grams are reviewed to ensure that they
are consistent with federal clean air
Caltrans California Department of requirements; transportation projects
Transportation The state agency that collectively must not worsen air quality.
operates California’s highway system.
CTC California Transportation
Capital Funds Moneys dedicated for Commission A state-level commission,
new projects to cover one-time costs, consisting of nine members appointed by
such as construction of roads or transit the governor, that establishes priorities
lines and facilities, or purchase of buses and allocates funds for highway, passen-
and rail cars. ger rail and transit investments through-
out California. The CTC works with the
CHP California Highway Patrol State
state Business, Transportation and
law enforcement agency responsible for
Housing Agency in overseeing Caltrans,
highway safety, among other things.
and participates in the development of
state and federal legislation that affects
transportation funding.
Environmental Justice The term stems Flexible Funding Unlike funding that
from a 1994 presidential executive order flows only to highways or only to transit
to promote equity for disadvantaged by a rigid formula, this money can be
communities and promote the inclusion invested in a range of transportation
of racial and ethnic populations and projects. Examples of flexible funding
low-income communities in decision- categories include the Surface Transpor-
making. Local and regional transportation tation Program, and the Congestion
agencies must ensure that services and Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement
benefits, as well as burdens, are fairly Program (both federal).
distributed to avoid discrimination.
FTA Federal Transit Administration
EPA Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Department of Transportation agency
Federal department responsible for that provides financial and planning assis-
researching and setting national stan- tance to help plan, build and operate rail,
dards for environmental quality. The EPA bus and paratransit systems. The agency
works with other federal, state, local also assists in the development of local
and regional agencies to issue permits, and regional traffic reduction programs.
monitor compliance and enforce environ-
mental laws. HIP Housing Incentive Program
An incentive program initiated by MTC
Equity Analysis Consistent with federal in 2000 that provides seed money to
requirements for environmental justice, municipalities and their development
MTC conducts an equity analysis covering partners to encourage the development
the 25-year Regional Transportation Plan of compact residential communities near
to determine how the benefits and burdens public transit hubs.
of the plan’s investment strategy affect
minority and low-income communities. HOT Lane High-Occupancy/Toll Lane
A designated lane that motorists driving
FasTrak® The electronic toll collection alone can use if they pay a toll, allowing
system used on the Bay Area’s seven them to avoid traffic delays in the adja-
state-owned toll bridges and the Golden cent regular lanes. HOT lanes usually are
Gate Bridge. FasTrak® customer service combined with high-occupancy-vehicle
operations are managed by the Bay Area (HOV or carpool) lanes that have enough
Toll Authority. capacity to handle more vehicles. Toll-
paying drivers and toll-free carpools/
FHWA Federal Highway Administration vanpools share the lane, increasing
U.S. Department of Transportation the number of total vehicles using the
agency responsible for administering the HOV/HOT lane and generating revenues
federal highway aid program to individual that can be used for transportation
states, and helping to plan, develop improvements.
and coordinate construction of federally
funded highway projects. FHWA also HOV Lane High-Occupancy-Vehicle Lane
governs the safety of hazardous cargo The technical term for a carpool lane,
on the nation’s highways. commuter lane or diamond lane.
Intermodal The term “mode” is used to JPC Joint Policy Committee Created
refer to and to distinguish from each by state law to coordinate regional
other the various forms of transportation, planning efforts in the Bay Area, the
such as automobile, transit, ship, bicycle JPC includes representatives from MTC,
and walking. Intermodal refers specifically ABAG, BAAQMD and the San Francisco
to the connections between modes. Bay Conservation and Development
Commission (BCDC).
ISTEA Intermodal Surface
Transportation Efficiency Act Lifeline Transportation Network
Pronounced “Ice Tea,” this landmark fed- An MTC initiative to enhance low-income
eral legislation signed into law in 1991 residents’ access to key destinations
initiated broad changes in the way trans- such as job centers, government build-
portation decisions are made. ISTEA ings and medical facilities during both
emphasized diversity and balance of peak commute periods and off-peak
modes, as well as the preservation hours. While most of the Lifeline network
of existing systems before construction identified by MTC is already served by
of new facilities. ISTEA expired in 1997, existing transit routes, some low-income
but much of its program structure was communities and/or destinations are
carried forward in successor federal legis- not served by transit or lack service at
lation (see “TEA 21” and “SAFETEA”). specific times of day. MTC is working with
transit operators and potential funding
ITIP Interregional Transportation partners to fill these gaps in the network,
Improvement Program A state funding whether by transit or other options such
program intended to address needs that as car-sharing.
cross metropolitan boundaries. Caltrans
nominates and the CTC approves a MPO Metropolitan Planning
listing of interregional highway and rail Organization A federally required body
projects for 25 percent of the funds to responsible for the transportation plan-
be programmed in the STIP. (The other ning and project selection in its region;
75 percent are RTIP funds; see below.) the governor designates an MPO in every
urbanized area with a population of over
ITS Intelligent Transportation Systems 50,000. MTC is the Bay Area’s MPO.
Technical innovations that apply com-
munications and information processing Operating Funds Moneys used to fund
to improve the efficiency and safety of general, day-to-day costs of running
ground transportation systems. In the Bay transportation systems. For transit, costs
Area, ITS initiatives include closed-circuit include fuel, salaries and replacement
video monitoring of freeway traffic condi- parts; for roads, operating costs involve
tions and the use of automatic vehicle maintaining pavement, filling potholes,
location technology to provide real-time paying workers’ salaries, and so forth.
transit and traffic information to the 511 (See “Capital Funds.”)
telephone and Web-based information
service. ITS initiatives are also used
to coordinate traffic signals and speed
emergency vehicle response times.
Paratransit Door-to-door bus, van and the funds to be loaned to the General
taxi services used to transport elderly Fund only twice in a 10-year period and
and disabled riders. Sometimes referred requires that funds be repaid within three
to as dial-a-ride service, since trips are years prior to making a second loan.
made according to demand instead of
along a fixed route or according to a fixed Resolution 3434 (also known as the
schedule. Regional Transit Expansion Program) —
A list of high-priority rail and express bus
PMS Pavement Management System improvements to serve the Bay Area’s
This cooperative effort between MTC most congested corridors. MTC adopted
and more than 100 local jurisdictions Resolution 3434 in December 2001 to
evaluates options for improving the main- establish clear priorities for the invest-
tenance of local streets and roads. MTC ment of transit expansion funds.
provides its own StreetSaver™ computer
software and technical assistance to help RM 1 Regional Measure 1 Passed by Bay
cities and counties extend the life of Area voters in 1988, RM 1 increased tolls
pavement and thus stretch local budgets (which at the time varied by bridge) on
further. the region’s seven state-owned bridges to
a uniform $1. Revenues generated by the
Program (1) verb, to assign funds to a toll increase were dedicated by RM 1 to
project that has been approved by MTC, fund certain highway and bridge improve-
the state or other agency; (2) noun, ments, public transit rail extensions, and
a system of funding for implementing other projects that reduce congestion in
transportation projects or policies, such the bridge corridors.
as through the State Transportation
Improvement Program (see “STIP”). RM 2 Regional Measure 2 A ballot
measure instituting a $1 bridge toll
Proposition 1B (also known as the increase passed by Bay Area voters in
Infrastructure Bond) — Passed by 61 per- March 2004. The expenditure plan funds
cent of the voters in November 2006, 37 capital projects, with an emphasis on
Proposition 1B authorizes the state to transit improvements in the bridge corri-
issue a $20 billion general obligation dors, as well as a dozen transit operating
bond for a variety of transportation projects to enhance service along the
improvements. bridge corridors.
Proposition 42 A statewide initiative RTIP Regional Transportation

approved in 2002 that requires gasoline Improvement Program A listing of high-
sales tax revenues to be dedicated to way and transit projects that the region
transportation purposes. In FY 2006–07, hopes to fund; compiled by MTC every
Proposition 42 funds are estimated two years from priority lists submitted by
to provide approximately $1.4 billion local jurisdictions. The California Trans-
statewide. In November 2006, the portation Commission (CTC) must either
voters passed a subsequent initiative, approve or reject the RTIP list in its
Proposition 1A, which provides greater entirety. Once the CTC approves an RTIP,
assurance that these funds will go to it is combined with those from other
transportation. Proposition 1A allows regions to comprise 75 percent of the
funds in the STIP (see below).
RTP Regional Transportation Plan SHOPP State Highway Operation
A blueprint to guide the region’s trans- and Protection Program State funding
portation development for a 25-year program for highway projects that will
period. Updated every four years, it is improve traffic safety; preserve bridges,
based on projections of growth in popu- roadways and/or roadsides; increase
lation and travel demand coupled with mobility; or improve facilities related to
financial projections. Required by state the state highway system. It is adopted on
and federal law. a four-year schedule. Pursuant to state
law, the SHOPP receives priority in fund-
RTPA Regional Transportation Planning ing before funds are made available to
Agency A state-designated agency the STIP.
responsible for preparing the Regional
Transportation Plan and the Regional SIP State Implementation Plan
Transportation Improvement Program, Here’s a case where one term refers to
administering state funds, and other two different — albeit related — documents.
tasks. MTC is the Bay Area’s RTPA. Metropolitan areas prepare regional SIPs
showing steps they plan to take to meet
SAFE Service Authority for Freeways federal air quality standards (outlined in
and Expressways As the region’s SAFE, the Clean Air Act). Several SIPs make up
MTC — in partnership with the California the statewide plan for cleaning up the air,
Highway Patrol and California Depart- also known as a SIP.
ment of Transportation — oversees the
installation and operation of call boxes Smart Growth A set of policies and
along Bay Area freeways and administers programs designed to protect, preserve
a roving tow truck service (Freeway and economically stimulate established
Service Patrol) to quickly clear incidents communities, while protecting valuable
from the region’s most congested road- natural and cultural resources and limit-
ways. State legislation in 1987 created ing sprawl.
the MTC SAFE, which is funded in part
through a $1 surcharge on motor vehicle SOV Single-Occupant Vehicle A vehicle
registrations. with one occupant, the driver, who is
sometimes referred to as a “drive alone.”
SAFETEA Safe, Accountable, Flexible,
Efficient Transportation Equity Act Spare the Air Program established by
A multiyear federal transportation bill, BAAQMD to educate people about air
signed into law by President George W. pollution and to encourage them to curtail
Bush on August 10, 2005. The bill author- emissions by driving less, taking public
izes $255.5 billion in funding for federal transportation, carpooling, walking, biking
surface transportation programs over and other measures. Spare the Air season
five years. SAFETEA maintains the pro- runs from June 1 through October 13.
gram structure of its predecessor, TEA 21, MTC partners with BAAQMD and Bay Area
but provides a much higher number of transit operators to offer free fares on
earmarks for special projects chosen by the season’s first several Spare the Air
Congress. SAFETEA is distinguished by days in an effort to increase transit rider-
its emphasis on safety, including a federal ship and reduce emissions from driving.
Safe Routes to School Program, and
new flexibility for states to develop high-
occupancy/toll (HOT) lanes.
STA State Transit Assistance Provides TDA Transportation Development Act
funding for mass transit operations and State law enacted in 1971. TDA funds are
capital projects. generated from a tax of one-quarter of
one percent on all retail sales in each
STIP State Transportation Improvement county; used for transit, special transit for
Program What the CTC ends up with disabled persons, and bicycle and pedes-
after combining various RTIPs as well as trian purposes, they are collected by the
a list of specific projects proposed by state and allocated by MTC to fund transit
Caltrans. Covering a five-year span and operations and programs. In nonurban
updated every two years, the STIP deter- areas, TDA funds may be used for streets
mines when and if transportation projects and roads under certain conditions.
will be funded by the state.
TDM Transportation Demand
STP Surface Transportation Program Management Low-cost ways to reduce
One of the key federal funding programs. demand by automobiles on the trans-
STP moneys are “flexible,” meaning they portation system, such as programs to
can be spent on mass transit and pedes- promote telecommuting, flextime and
trian and bicycle facilities as well as on ridesharing.
roads and highways.
TEA Transportation Enhancement
TCM Transportation Control Measure Activities A federal transportation fund-
A strategy to reduce driving or to smooth ing category. Ten percent of STP moneys
traffic flows in order to cut auto emis- must be set aside for projects that
sions and resulting air pollution. Required enhance the compatibility of transporta-
by the Clean Air Act, TCMs for the Bay tion facilities with their surroundings.
Area are jointly developed by MTC, the Examples of TEA projects include bicycle
Bay Area Air Quality Management District and pedestrian paths, restoration of rail
and ABAG. Examples of TCMs include depots or other historic transportation
roving tow truck patrols to clear stalls facilities, acquisition of scenic or open
and accidents from congested roadways, space lands next to travel corridors, and
new or increased transit service, or a pro- murals or other public art projects.
gram to promote carpools and vanpools.
TEA 21 Transportation Equity Act for
TCRP Traffic Congestion Relief Program the 21st Century Passed by Congress
A five-year state transportation invest- in 1998, TEA 21 retained and expanded
ment plan passed by the California many of the programs created in 1991
Legislature and signed into law in 2000. under ISTEA. The law reauthorized
The plan originally called for $6.8 billion federal surface transportation programs
of spending (with $1.7 billion to the Bay for six years (1998–2003), and signifi-
Area) from fiscal 2000–01 to 2005–06, cantly increased overall funding for
but subsequent refinancing agreements transportation. Its successor is SAFETEA.
postponed the funding until fiscal
2002–03 to 2007–08. TETAP Traffic Engineering Technical
Assistance Program An MTC initiative
that provides local jurisdictions with
traffic engineering assistance and expert-
ise on projects to improve traffic flows on
major arterials.
TIP Transportation Improvement TOS Traffic Operations System In the
Program This is the primary spending Bay Area, Caltrans and the CHP monitor
plan for federal funding expected to flow traffic flows by means of detectors
to the region from all sources for trans- embedded in pavement and closed-circuit
portation projects of all types. The TIP television cameras, quickly dispatching
must be updated at least once every four tow trucks and other assistance. Message
years. It covers a four- or five-year period. signs and broadcasts alert drivers and
transit riders to conditions ahead, while
Title VI Refers to Title VI of the Federal ramp metering controls traffic flows. All
Civil Rights Act of 1964, and requires that these devices together comprise the TOS.
transportation planning and programming (See also “TMC.”)
be nondiscriminatory on the basis of race,
color and national origin. Integral to Title TransLink® MTC’s prototype for a univer-
VI is the concept of environmental justice. sal ticket valid on all transit modes,
from BART to buses to ferries. Translink®
TLC Transportation for Livable went into service in the fall of 2006 on
Communities Funding program created AC Transit buses and Golden Gate Transit
by MTC in 1998 to fund small-scale, buses and ferries. TransLink® smart card
community- and transit-oriented projects technology can provide a broad range of
that improve neighborhood vitality. services beyond transit fares, including
payment for parking meters, telephone
TMC Transportation Management
calls, retail purchases and perhaps even
Center A centralized regional facility for
Internet purchases.
notifying travelers of current traffic and
roadway conditions through various U.S. DOT United States Department of
media including radio and TV reporters, Transportation The federal cabinet-level
roadway message signs, and highway agency with responsibility for highways,
advisory radio. The TMC and the regional mass transit, aviation and ports; headed
Traffic Operations System (see “TOS” by the secretary of transportation.
below) reflect the growing importance of The DOT includes the Federal Highway
system management and intelligent trans- Administration and the Federal Transit
portation systems in combating roadway Administration, among others. There are
congestion. The Bay Area TMC, which is also state DOTs (known as Caltrans in
partially funded by MTC, is located in the California).
Caltrans District 4 headquarters building
in Oakland. VII Vehicle Infrastructure Integration
VII is a major ITS (see entry) initiative.
TOD Transit-Oriented Development The goal of VII is to provide a communica-
A type of development that links land use tions link between vehicles on the road,
and transit facilities to support the transit and between vehicles and the roadside
system and help reduce sprawl, traffic infrastructure, in order to increase the
congestion and air pollution. It calls for safety, efficiency, and convenience of the
locating housing, along with complemen- transportation system.
tary public uses (jobs, retail and services)
at strategic points along a transit line.
CREDITS
MTC Management Staff Photography/Art Pages 16-17
Kevin Gilson
Steve Heminger PHOTO CREDITS ARE LEFT TO RIGHT
Evelyn Johnson
Executive Director AND TOP TO BOTTOM
John Benson
Cover John Huseby,
Ann Flemer
Dan Krauss Caltrans
Deputy Executive Director,
Thomas Winz, Steve Price,
Operations
Panoramic Images Urban Advantage
Andrew B. Fremier Noah Berger
Deputy Executive Director, Joe Sohm, Pages 18-19
Bay Area Toll Authority Panoramic Images © 2007 Barrie Rokeach
Terry Thompson, Peter Beeler
Therese W. McMillan
Panoramic Images Pages 20-21
Deputy Executive Director,
Policy Pages 2-3 John Huseby,
Dan Krauss Caltrans
John Benson Michele Hofherr
Project Staff Noah Berger George Draper
Kit Morris Bill Hall,
Randy Rentschler
Caltrans
Director, Legislation and Pages 4-5
Public Affairs Noah Berger Page 22
Michele Hofherr John Benson
Joe Curley
Editor MTC Archives Pages 26-27
Peter Beeler John L. Kim,
Catalina Alvarado
Pages 6-7 The Oakland Tribune
Marjorie Blackwell
© 2007 Barrie Rokeach Somos,
John Goodwin
BART Veer/Getty Images
Ellen Griffin
Pam Grove Noah Berger Pages 30-31
Brenda Kahn Michele Hofherr Noah Berger
Rebecca Long Pages 8-9 Noah Berger
Editorial Staff John Huseby, Chriss Poulsen
Caltrans Noah Berger
Peter Beeler
Map Design Peter Beeler Page 32
MTC Archives Laurie Kemmel
Finger Design Associates Peter Beeler
Graphic Design Pages 34-35
Pages 10-11 Noah Berger
PRINTEAM/Hatcher Press © Tom Myers
Noah Berger
Printing Karl Nielsen Peter Beeler
Pages 12-13 Peter Beeler
PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER
Peter Beeler
Peter Beeler
Pages 14-15
Peter Beeler
Peter Beeler
42
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The ABCs of MTC

Metropolitan Transportation Commission

Bill Dodd, Chair Anne W. Halsted

Tom Bates Bijan Sartipi

Joseph P. Bort MetroCenter

510.81 7. 5700 PHONE

Transportation System Bay San Palo

Street base map ©Thomas Bros. Maps. All rights reserved.

4 You Already Know MTC

6 Bay Area Transportation Basics

16 Planning for the Future

20 The Funding Pipeline

30 Getting Involved With MTC

34 Bay Area “Transportationese”

Have You Heard of Us?

The purpose of this book is to introduce our agency to you,

With many needs and limited funding, transportation pro-

511 Traveler Information

Launched by MTC in 2002, 51 1 is a 24-hour, toll-free phone

FasTrak® is the electronic toll collection system used on the

TransLink® Smart Card

MTC is leading the effort to have one “universal” ticket —

Sponsored by the MTC Service Authority for Freeways and

The bright yellow, solar-powered call boxes you see along

Getting There on Transit

Published by MTC, this free, pocket-sized guide includes

f there is one characteristic that THE PEOPLE

THE AUTOMOBILE County Connection

11% Carpooling Alameda/Oakland Ferry

he Metropolitan Transportation MTC has a staff of some 160 and an

T Commission (MTC) was created

MTC Funds — The Commission votes to

StreetSaver™, a pioneering, computer-

BATA Oversight Planning

Advisory committees • transportation users

make recommendations • architecture, construction and

The Advisory Council provides advice on

Managing the region’s

The Partnership meets regularly to

REGIONAL REGIONAL TRANSIT

Bay Area Demographics Forecasts

Bay Area Travel Activity Forecasts

Sources: Association of Bay Area Governments, MTC travel forecasts

magine a huge reservoir filled ONGOING OPERATIONS

Transportation funding Some of the money that comes to the

(A sampling of these operations-oriented As with ongoing operation and mainte-

Billions Percent Billions Percent

1 Local $75 64% Adequate Maintenance

The bulk of Bay Area 6 Local Roads $ 2 2%

transportation funds Strategic Expansion

Source: Transportation 2030 Plan

Transit Fares $ 570

Regional Measure 1 Bridge Tolls $ 138

Regional Measure 2 Bridge Tolls $ 118

Seismic Retrofit Bridge Tolls 1 $ 118

Transportation Fund for Clean Air $ 22

State Funding Categories

Proposition 42 Amounts cited for

State Transportation Improvement Program 2 $ 172