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    What Is Hemolytic Anemia?

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    Rhitzle Ann
    Hemolytic anemia is a condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than the bone marrow can produce new ones. There are two main types - intrinsic, where the red blood cells themselves are defective, and extrinsic, where outside factors like infections cause the destruction. Symptoms include paleness, fatigue, jaundice and dark urine. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include blood transfusions, medications, and spleen removal in severe cases. The prognosis depends on the specific cause and severity of symptoms.

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    What Is Hemolytic Anemia?

    Uploaded by

    Rhitzle Ann
    41 views5 pages
    Hemolytic anemia is a condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than the bone marrow can produce new ones. There are two main types - intrinsic, where the red blood cells themselves are defective, and extrinsic, where outside factors like infections cause the destruction. Symptoms include paleness, fatigue, jaundice and dark urine. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include blood transfusions, medications, and spleen removal in severe cases. The prognosis depends on the specific cause and severity of symptoms.

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    Hemolytic anemia is a condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than the bone marrow can produce new ones. There are two main types - intrinsic, where the red blood cells themselves are defective, and extrinsic, where outside factors like infections cause the destruction. Symptoms include paleness, fatigue, jaundice and dark urine. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include blood transfusions, medications, and spleen removal in severe cases. The prognosis depends on the specific cause and severity of symptoms.

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    41 views5 pages

    What Is Hemolytic Anemia?

    Uploaded by

    Rhitzle Ann
    Hemolytic anemia is a condition where red blood cells are destroyed faster than the bone marrow can produce new ones. There are two main types - intrinsic, where the red blood cells themselves are defective, and extrinsic, where outside factors like infections cause the destruction. Symptoms include paleness, fatigue, jaundice and dark urine. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include blood transfusions, medications, and spleen removal in severe cases. The prognosis depends on the specific cause and severity of symptoms.

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    of 5

    Congenital Hemolytic Anemia accelerated destruction of red blood cells due to an inherited defect, such as in the membrane

    in hereditary spherocytosis.
    What is Hemolytic Anemia?
    Your bone marrow is responsible for producing red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets (cells responsible for clotting).
    Hemolytic anemia is a condition that involves only the red blood cells. When old red blood cells die, the bone marrow
    produces new ones to maintain balance. Hemolytic anemia occurs when red blood cells die sooner than the bone marrow can
    produce them. The scientific term for red blood cell destruction ishemolysis. There are two forms of hemolytic
    anemia: intrinsic and extrinsic.
    Extrinsic hemolytic anemia develops when the spleen traps and destroys healthy red blood cells. It can also come from red
    blood cell destruction due to infection, tumors, autoimmune disorders, medication side effects, leukemia,
    or lymphoma. Intrinsic hemolytic anemia develops when the red blood cells produced by the body are defective. The
    condition is often inherited, such as in people with sickle cell anemia or thalassemia.
    Anyone of any age can develop hemolytic anemia. However, according to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute,
    hemolytic anemia seems to affect more African-Americans than Caucasians (NHLBI). This is likely because sickle cell anemia
    is more prevalent amongst African-Americans.
    Part 2 of 5: Causes
    Causes of Hemolytic Anemia
    The cause of hemolytic anemia is red blood cell destruction. Red blood cell destruction can arise from blood disorders, toxins,
    or infection.

    Among others, underlying causes of of hemolytic anemia include:

    hepatitis

    Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)

    typhoid fever

    sickle cell anemia

    E. coli

    streptococcus

    leukemia

    lymphoma

    tumors

    penicillin

    pain medication

    acetaminophen

    lupus

    Wiscott Aldridge syndrome


    Some cases of anemia have no known cause.

    Part 3 of 5: Symptoms
    What are the Symptoms of Hemolytic Anemia?
    Some symptoms of hemolytic anemia are the same as other forms of anemia.

    These common symptoms include:

    paleness of the skin

    fatigue

    fever

    confusion

    lightheadedness

    dizziness

    weakness/inability to do physical activity


    Other, less common signs and symptoms seen in patients with hemolytic anemia include:

    dark urine

    yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes (jaundice)

    heart murmur

    increased heart rate

    enlarged spleen

    enlarged liver

    Symptoms
    Symptoms vary widely. Mild cases may not cause any symptoms. The condition may only be discovered during a routine
    blood test.
    In other people, obvious symptoms of anemia can develop. These include:
    Pale skin
    Fatigue
    Weakness
    Dizziness
    Lightheadedness
    Breathlessness
    Yellowing of the skin and eyes
    Dark tea-colored urine
    Expected Duration
    How long hemolytic anemia lasts depends on its cause.
    Hemolytic anemia caused by a medication or infection is usually temporary. It goes away when the drug is discontinued or
    the infection is treated.
    Hemolytic anemia caused by an inherited illness is a lifelong condition. The impact on a person's quality of life and life span
    can vary greatly. It depends on the specific inherited disorder and its severity. Some people don't have any symptoms. Others
    have severe, persistent symptoms.
    Prevention
    Hemolytic anemia caused by medication can be prevented. Avoid the drug that is causing the problem.
    There is no way to prevent inherited hemolytic anemia. If an inherited anemia runs in your family, you may undergo genetic
    testing. This can assess your chances of passing it on to your children.
    Treatment
    Treatment for hemolytic anemia depends on its cause and severity.

    Inherited abnormalities in red cell membranes If hemoglobin levels are adequate, you may not need treatment.
    If hemoglobin levels drop very low, a blood transfusion may be needed. In rare cases, the spleen is removed.
    Inherited enzyme deficiencies inside red cells Blood transfusions are necessary to treat severe symptoms.
    Hemoglobin disorders Treatment is not necessary if the illness is mild or does not cause any symptoms.

    People with more severe forms of thalassemia require repeated blood transfusions. Some may be candidates for a bone
    marrow transplant.
    Sickle cell anemia may be treated with:

    folic acid supplements


    blood transfusions
    antibiotics
    a drug called hydroxyurea (Hydrea)
    Physical damage to red blood cells This may be treated with folic acid and iron supplements. Blood transfusions
    may be necessary.
    An autoimmune response Treatment depends on the cause and severity. If a drug or infection is causing the
    anemia, it may be enough to stop the drug or recover from the infection.
    For more severe cases, treatment may include:
    corticosteroid medication
    intravenous immune globulin infusions
    immunosuppressive drugs
    removal of the spleen
    Hypersplenism For severe symptoms, the spleen is removed.

    People with severe, chronic hemolytic anemia, especially those with sickle cell anemia or thalassemia, may require multiple
    blood transfusions. The iron in hemoglobin can accumulate in the body, causing iron overload and organ damage. Drugs
    called iron chelators, which bind the iron and enhance the body's removal of iron, help prevent organ damage from iron
    overload.
    When to Call A Doctor
    Call your doctor promptly if you develop symptoms of anemia. Also call if you notice a yellowish tint in your skin or in the
    whites of your eyes.
    If an inherited form of anemia runs in your family, you may wish to consider genetic testing before you start a family.

    How Is Hemolytic Anemia Treated?


    Treatment options for hemolytic anemia differ depending on severity of the condition, your age, your health, and your
    tolerance to certain medications.

    Treatment options for hemolytic anemia include:

    blood transfusion

    intravenous immune globulin

    corticosteroid medication

    surgery

    Blood Transfusion
    A blood transfusion is given to quickly increase your red blood cell count and to replace destroyed red blood cells with new
    ones.

    Intravenous Immune Globulin


    A low blood cell count can negatively affect the way your immune system fights infection. You may be given immune
    globulin through an IV in the hospital to improve your immune system function.
    Corticosteroids
    In the case of an extrinsic form of hemolytic anemia of autoimmune origin, corticosteroids are used to stop your immune
    system from making antibodies that destroy red blood cells.
    Surgery
    In severe cases, your spleen may need to be removed.
    Special Considerations
    Some people have hemolytic anemia thats reactive to cold. If you have this condition, stay warm as much as possible to
    reduce symptoms.

    Inherited forms of hemolytic anemia are addressed differently than acute (short-term) forms of the condition. Your doctor
    may approach treatment differently if you have an inherited form of hemolytic anemia.
    Prognosis
    The outlook for hemolytic anemia depends on its cause and severity. The underlying health of the affected person also affects
    the prognosis.
    Cases that are caused by medications or infections usually go away quickly.
    People with autoimmune hemolytic anemia usually respond well to treatment.
    The outlook for people with inherited hemolytic anemias depends on the type of inherited illness and its severity.

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