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    Current, Resistance and Electromotive Force

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    BeauMatty
    1) A current is the flow of electric charge from one region to another, measured as the rate of charge flowing through a surface. Current density is the current per cross-sectional area. 2) Electrolysis is the process by which electrical currents cause the liberation of elements from liquids. Faraday's laws of electrolysis state that the mass of an element liberated is proportional to the total charge passed and the element's molar mass. 3) Resistance is a measure of an object's opposition to the flow of electric current. It depends on the material's resistivity as well as its length and cross-sectional area. Several examples are given to illustrate calculating resistance.

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    Current, Resistance and Electromotive Force

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    BeauMatty
    108 views15 pages
    1) A current is the flow of electric charge from one region to another, measured as the rate of charge flowing through a surface. Current density is the current per cross-sectional area. 2) Electrolysis is the process by which electrical currents cause the liberation of elements from liquids. Faraday's laws of electrolysis state that the mass of an element liberated is proportional to the total charge passed and the element's molar mass. 3) Resistance is a measure of an object's opposition to the flow of electric current. It depends on the material's resistivity as well as its length and cross-sectional area. Several examples are given to illustrate calculating resistance.

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    1) A current is the flow of electric charge from one region to another, measured as the rate of charge flowing through a surface. Current density is the current per cross-sectional area. 2) Electrolysis is the process by which electrical currents cause the liberation of elements from liquids. Faraday's laws of electrolysis state that the mass of an element liberated is proportional to the total charge passed and the element's molar mass. 3) Resistance is a measure of an object's opposition to the flow of electric current. It depends on the material's resistivity as well as its length and cross-sectional area. Several examples are given to illustrate calculating resistance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    108 views15 pages

    Current, Resistance and Electromotive Force

    Uploaded by

    BeauMatty
    1) A current is the flow of electric charge from one region to another, measured as the rate of charge flowing through a surface. Current density is the current per cross-sectional area. 2) Electrolysis is the process by which electrical currents cause the liberation of elements from liquids. Faraday's laws of electrolysis state that the mass of an element liberated is proportional to the total charge passed and the element's molar mass. 3) Resistance is a measure of an object's opposition to the flow of electric current. It depends on the material's resistivity as well as its length and cross-sectional area. Several examples are given to illustrate calculating resistance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    CURRENT, RESISTANCE AND

    ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE

    Current
    A current is any motion of charge from
    one region to another.
    The current is the rate at which charge
    flows through this surface.

    Drift Velocity
    The speed of the
    charge carriers vd is

    an average speed

    Current Density
    Current per cross-sectional area.

    A wire carries a current of 1A.


    How many electrons pass any
    point in the wire each second?

    Electrolysis
    The liberation of free elements from
    liquids through which electric currents
    are passed is called electrolysis.
    Faradays laws of electrolysis state
    that the mass m of an element set free
    at either electrode is proportional to
    two quantities:

    1. The total charge Q passed through


    the liquid, which is equal to the
    product It of current I and time t.
    2. The molar mass A of the element
    divided by the number v of electron
    charges (plus or minus) on its ions.
    Faradays Laws can be combined in the
    formula:

    QA ItA
    m

    Fv Fv

    F, is called the faraday, is equal to


    96, 500 C and represents the total
    charge of 1 mol of electrons. Thus
    the passage of 1 F of charge will
    liberate 1 mole of element X from
    a solution that contains X+ or xions, mol of element Y from a
    solution that contains Y2+ or Y2ions, 1/3 mol of element Z from a
    solution that contains Z3+ or Z3ions, and so forth.

    Electrolysis Example
    A 12-A current is passed through
    an electrolytic cell in which the
    anode (positive electrode) is a zinc
    bar, and the electrolyte contains
    Zn2+ ions. How much zinc is
    plated on the cathode (negative
    electrode) after 2h?

    RESISTIVITY

    Resistance

    1. A 120-V toaster has a resistance


    of 12. What must be the
    minimum rating of the fuse in the
    electric circuit to which the
    toaster is connected?
    2. What is the resistance of a copper
    wire 0.50mm in diameter and
    20m long? The resistivity of
    copper is 1.7 x 10-8 .m.

    3. A platinum wire 80 cm long is to


    have a resistance of 0.1 . What
    should be its diameter? The
    resistivity of platinum is 1.1x10-7
    .m
    4.

    The specific resistance of


    Nichrome is 600 .cmil/ft. How
    long should a Nichrome wire 20
    mils in diameter be for it to have
    a resistance of 5 ?

    A copper wire has a resistance of 10.0


    at 200C (a) What will its resistance
    be at 800C? (b)at 00C?
    The
    temperature coefficient of resistance
    of copper is 0.004/C0.

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