Latin Influence On English Wordstock

Masarykova univerzita
Filozofick fakulta
Katedra anglistiky a amerikanistiky

ItsStelian
37888
Stelian
56177
Bakalsk diplomov prce
2011
Elika Charvtov
Masaryk University
Faculty of Arts
Department of English
and American Studies
English Language and Literature
Elika Charvtov
Latin Loanwords in English

Bachelors Diploma Thesis
Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Jana Chamonikolasov, Ph. D.
2011
I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently,

using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography.
..
Authors signature
I would like to thank doc. PhDr. Jana Chamonikolasov, Ph.D. and prof. RNDr. Vclav Blaek, CSc. who
were kind enough to offer valuable suggestions and ideas for the paper as well as supplementary tips for
the list of bibliography.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................1
I.
THE LANGUAGE CONTACT.........................................................................................3

1.
THE LANGUAGE CONTACT SCHEMES....................................................................3
2.
SOURCES OF NEW WORDS.....................................................................................4
3.
BORROWING...........................................................................................................4
3.1 THE DEFINITION OF BORROWING........................................................................4
3.2 THE LEVELS OF LANGUAGE BORROWING...........................................................5
3.3 THE REASONS FOR LEXICAL BORROWING...........................................................6
3.4 THE PROCESS OF LEXICAL BORROWING..............................................................8
3.5 THE ATTITUDES TOWARDS BORROWING.............................................................8
4.
LOANWORDS..........................................................................................................9
4.1 THE DEFINITION OF A LOANWORD......................................................................9
4.2 THE FUNCTIONS OF LOANWORDS......................................................................10
4.3 THE LEXICAL INTEGRATION OF LOANWORDS....................................................11
II.
THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH AND LATIN LANGUAGES........................................13

1. THE LATIN LANGUAGE...........................................................................................13
1.1 CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF LATIN....................................................13
1.1.1
ARCHAIC LATIN......................................................................................13
1.1.2
CLASSICAL AND VULGAR LATIN............................................................14
1.1.3
CHRISTIAN LATIN...................................................................................15
1.1.4
LATIN OF THE MIDDLE AGES.................................................................16
1.1.5
RENAISSANCE LATIN..............................................................................16
1.1.6
MODERN LATIN......................................................................................16
1.2
THE LINGUISTIC INFLUENCE OF LATIN..........................................................17
2.
THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE....................................................................................18

2.1 CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ENGLISH................................................18
2.1.1
OLD ENGLISH.........................................................................................18
2.1.2
MIDDLE ENGLISH...................................................................................20
2.1.3
MODERN ENGLISH..................................................................................22
3. THE ENGLISH-LATIN ANALOGY...............................................................................23

III. LATIN LOANWORDS IN ENGLISH..............................................................................24
1.
LATIN LOANWORDS IN THE OLD ENGLISH PERIOD (449-1100)...........................24

1.1 CONTINENTAL DEVELOPMENT...........................................................................25
1.1.1 CONTINENTAL LOANWORDS.......................................................................25
1.2 INSULAR DEVELOPMENT....................................................................................26
1.2.1 INSULAR DEVELOPMENT AFTER THE ROMAN CONQUEST..........................26
1.2.2 INSULAR DEVELOPMENT AFTER THE GERMANIC CONQUEST.....................28
2.
LATIN LOANWORDS IN THE MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD (1100-1500)...................31

2.1 ENGLISH, LATIN AND FRENCH...........................................................................31
2.2 LOANWORDS......................................................................................................32
2.3 AUREATE TERMS................................................................................................34
3.
LATIN LOANWORDS IN THE MODERN ENGLISH PERIOD (1500 PRESENT)........34

3.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF LOANWORDS..................................................................35
3.1.1
THE ENGLISHING OF LATIN WORDS.......................................................36
3.2 LOANWORDS......................................................................................................36
3.3 THE LATIN-ENGLISH CONTROVERSY.................................................................37
IV. CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF LOANWORDS...............................................38
1.
OLD ENGLISH LOANWORDS..............................................................................40
2.
MIDDLE ENGLISH LOANWORDS........................................................................48
3.
THE ELEVENTH CENTURY...............................................................................49
4.
THE TWELFTH CENTURY.................................................................................50
5.
THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY............................................................................51
6.
THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY...........................................................................54
7.
THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY................................................................................81
8.
THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY............................................................................108
9.
THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.........................................................................180
10.
THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY..........................................................................252
11.
THE NINETEENTH CENTURY............................................................................281
12.
THE TWENTIETH CENTURY............................................................................307
13.
CHRONOLOGICALLY UNSPECIFIED LOANWORDS............................................308
14.
COMMENTARY ON THE CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION ........................309

OF
LATIN LOANWORDS
IN
ENGLISH ........................................................309
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................311
BIBLIOGRAPHY...............................................................................................................314
WORKS CITED............................................................................................................314
WORKS CONSULTED...................................................................................................316
ENGLISH SUMMARY.......................................................................................................319
CZECH SUMMARY..........................................................................................................321
APPENDICES...................................................................................................................322
APPENDIX 1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.....................................................................322
APPENDIX 2 COMMON PREFIXES
IN
ENGLISH.....................................................325
I.
INTRODUCTION
Latin has undoubtedly been one of the most influential languages in the history
of the civilization. Its impact on not only European nations has been immense. From the
political, cultural and social aspects of Roman lifestyle to the linguistic features, the
Roman legacy has become a natural part of our lives. English is no exception to this
statement. It was at the time of the very first encounters between the Romans and the
Germanic tribes that the English-Latin history started to be written. Since then, the
relationship between the two languages has undergone several stages of development.
The changes that occured during these stages affected not only the nature but also the
number of loanwords that were adopted into English.
This thesis focuses on the historical development of the two languages in
connection to the frequency of borrowing respectively the number of loanwords at
various periods in history. The social, political and cultural circumstances of the
English-Latin relations affected the amount of loanwords borrowed at particular time
periods. This hypothesis leads to the main research question of this thesis: In which
periods was the number of words taken over from Latin into English the highest
respectively the lowest and what was the cause of this? The goal of this thesis is to
provide an answer to this question through theoretical as well as practical research.
The thesis comprises of a theoretical and a lexical part. The theoretical part is
further divided into three chapter. The first chapter deals with the theory of the language
contact, borrowing and loanwords. It describes various language contact schemes,
functions of loanwords and the reasons of borrowing as well as different attitudes
toward it. The second chapter deals with the historical development of both languages
separately. It gives a chronological classification of both Latin and English history. The
purpose of this chapter is to create a background for the following third chapter that
deals with the common linguistic history of the two languages. The three major periods
of English, that is Old English, Middle English and Modern English are defined within
the context of Latin influence focusing on the effect that such influence has had on the
English vocabulary. The lexical part - that is the chronological classification itself represents the core of this thesis. Words that were adopted from Latin are sorted into
thirteen groups according to the centuries or time periods they were adopted in.
commentary to this division has been provided at the end of the fourth chapter. The
conclusion sums up all the information reached in distinctive chapters and fully answers
the research question. There are two appendices that complete this work, that is a list of
abbreviations and a list of prefixes.
II.
THE LANGUAGE CONTACT
One of the main reasons why languages change is that they come into contact with
other languages. (Schendl 2001: 55) Such linguistic contact usually occurs as a
consequence of social and cultural development between two nations. The degree of
mutual influence is given by factors such as the length of the language contact, the
extent of the communication between different speech communities and the number and
status of the bilingual speakers. (Schendl 2001: 56) The different historical
circumstances and the reasons why languages come into contact can influence not only
the social aspects of the relationship between two languages but they can also affect
linguistic aspects of a language that are being adopted such as syntax, pronunciation,
grammar and lexis. This chapter defines the various types of contact between two
languages, focusing on the influence that such an interaction may have. It further deals
with one of the major influences of the language contact lexical borrowing and
adoption of loanwords. The following theory has been, where possible, supplied with
Latin-English reference to the particular matter.
A.
THE LANGUAGE CONTACT SCHEMES
Grlach distinguishes between several patterns of language contact. (Grlach 1997:

138)
The first scheme is defined by two co-existent spoken languages. This kind of
contact is typical of mixed-speech communities and border region areas. In this case,
transferred words are normally integrated into the receiving language. This kind of
language contact affects common daily life however, its impact may be restricted only
to certain domaines.
The second scheme that Grlach mentions is the distant contact scheme. This
scheme applies predominantly to business relations during which transfer can happen
over great distances such as import of foreign goods. Here, the impact of the language
contact is restricted to changes in lexis. It often occurs mainly in written form and does
not require bilinguals.
The third type of contact between two languages occurs when the contact is limited
to borrowings from book languages. The transfer is notably based on written forms;
words are not well integrated and only a possible later contact with the spoken medium
can lead to corrections, especially in pronunciation. (Grlach 1997: 138)
As for the case of English-Latin relations, the contact between the two languages
has not been of the same nature throughout the history. From the period of the Roman
influence in Europe, when English was confonted with Latin on everyday basis,
adopting words mainly through spoken Latin, through the time when Latin was
primarily a source of learned words and a so called book language, to the revival of
Latin in Renaissance, the two languages have undergone several changes that altered the
relationship between them. Therefore, the kind of mutual contact should be viewed
rather as a combination of the language contact patterns as Grlach drafted them, than
as just one them. The affect of such various circumstances, as suggested before, can
have multiple linguistic consequences. The following text, deals with the lexical
influence of the language contact.
B.
SOURCES OF NEW WORDS
Francis points out that with each change in the physical and cultural environment,
there is a new demand for new meanings, respectively new words. These words may
come from several sources the principal ones being borrowing, derivation,
compounding, back formation, clipping, blends, acronyms, proper names, sound
imitation and coinage. He adds, that in English the most important source of new words
has always been borrowing. The borrowing has been so extensive that by far, the greater
part of the contemporary English vocabulary is made up of borrowed rather than native
words. (Francis 1965: 131)
C.
BORROWING
3.1 THE DEFINITION OF BORROWING

Haugen, in his analysis on linguistic borrowing, says that there are three
prerequisites for a process of borrowing to be able to occur. First, we must assume, that
every speaker attempts to reproduce previously learned linguistic patterns. Second,
among the new patterns which he may learn, are those of a language different from his
own. And third, if he reproduces the new linguistic patterns, he must not do so not in the
context of the language in which he learned them, but in a context of another language.
If all the three conditions are fulfilled, we may speak of an act of borrowing. To
summarize, the process of borrowing can be defined as the attempted reproduction in
one language of patterns previously found in another. (Haugen 1950: 212)
3.2 THE LEVELS OF LANGUAGE BORROWING

Two languages can influence eachother on various levels. Grlach elaborates on
their importance and defines the influence of these levels. (Grlach 1997: 143-6)
First, a language can be modified at a writing system and spelling system level.
Latin-English relations is a perfect example of such modifications. Latin provided Old
English with Latin alphabet largely determining the value of individual graphemes by
Latin conventions. Moreover, individual words were affected when spelling and
pronunciation had diverged from those of the etymon, in particular where spellings were
made to conform with those of the original Latin or Greek by Renaissance grammarians.
A second level of influence is the level of phonology. It is obvious, that the
process of phonetic adaptation of loanwords can be quite complex. Also, this level of
influence is sociolinguistically relevant, since knowledge of the foreign language will
affect the pronunciation of loanwords in the receiving language.
The morphological level is another field where one language can bring about
changes in another. Here, Grlach speaks about a necessity to distinguish between open
and closed sets of words. While the borrowing from open sets is the most common
borrowing (borrowing of lexemes), the borrowing from closed sets is not that common.
The level of syntax can be affected during the process of borrowing as well. For
instance, unidiomatic translation or deliberate adoption of foreign syntactical patterns
can lead to new structures and modifications. For instance, in Renaissance prose, the
imitation of Latin structures is particularly apparent and it extends to units far beyond
the sentence.
Finally, the lexical level, which is probably the most influential and the richest
one of all the above mentioned. It is a level that includes adoption of loanwords,
loanblends, loanshifts, doublets and calques and it is also the level the following text is
going to be dealing with. (Grlach 1997: 143-6)
3.3 THE REASONS FOR LEXICAL BORROWING
The circumstances under which a language contact occurs, as has been pointed
out earlier, are important and vary. The way two languages intertwine is influenced by
not only the time, place and people these are the general factors but also by more
linguistically specific factors. These are the most common reasons for lexical borrowing
(as Grlach and Weinreich drafted them in their works (Grlach 1997: 149-50,
Weinreich 1974: 56-60)):
Gaps in the indigenous lexis
The word is taken over together with the new content and
the new object.

A well-known content has no word to designate it.
Existing expressions are insufficient to render specific
nuances.
Lexical borrowing of this kind can be described as a consequence of the fact that
using ready-made designations is more economical than describing things afresh.
Weinreich also mentions here the constant need for synonyms which are generally
gladly accepted by the receiving language. As far as synonyms are concerned, Latin has
been a great source of synonyms in English, especially since the Renaissance period.
Weinreich further adds, that a language can also satisfy its need for euphemisms, slang
words and cacophemisms borrowing.
Previous weakening of the indigenous lexis

The content had been experimentally rendered by a number
of unsatisfactory expressions.
The content had been rendered by a word weakened by
homonymy, polysemy, or being part of an obsolescent type

of word-formation.
An expression which is connotationally loaded needs to be
replaced by a neutral expression.

Here, Weinreich speaks about the low frequency of words i.e. if the indigenous
lexis has words for concepts that are not frequent in the language, these words become
less stable and more subject to oblivion and replacement.
Associative relations
A word is borrowed after a word of the same family has
been adopted.
The borrowing is supported by a native word of similar
form.
Corrections: an earlier loanword is adapted in form /
replaced by a new loanword.
The part that associative borrowing plays, is also noteworthy. It is very common
for a word that has been adopted to be accompanied by the other parts of speech that are
related to it. For instance, the word iust was later adopted also in the forms of the
following words: justice, judge, judicial and judgement.
Special extralinguistic conditions

Borrowing of words needed for rhymes and metre.
Adoptions not motivated by necessity but by fashion and
prestige.
Words left untranslated because the translator was
incompetent, lazy or anxious to stay close to his source.
Weinreich supports this function of borrowing by saying that the symbolic

association of the source language in a contact situation with social values, positive or
negative, is a very important factor of language contact resp. lexical borrowing. If one
language is endowed with prestige it is highly probable that the other language will
adopt loanwords as means of displaying the social status which its knowledge
symbolizes. This can be observed in the so called learned borrowings of Latin phrases
in English and in the unnecessary borrowing of everyday designations for things which
have excellent names in the languge which is being spoken. (Grlach 1997: 149-50,
Weinreich 1974: 56-60)
It is true that most new foreign words were adopted into English for one of the
above enumerated reasons. However, it should be also noted, that there are many cases
when borrowing occured without any apparent reason.
In the case of Latin loanwords adopted into English, the range of reasons for
borrowing is quite wide. From the obvious necessity to find new names for objects that
were not known in the British Isles before the Roman conquest, to the time when Latin
was no longer a language of a conquered nation but a prestigeous and highly reputable
feature of the upper class society, reasons for adoption probably cover most of the above
mentioned.
3.4 THE PROCESS OF LEXICAL BORROWING
Grlach defines the process of borrowing or the integration process as the
gradual accomodation of a foreign word to the structures of the receiving language.
In many cases, the word is first accepted into a peripheral system and integrated only
later. Words that refer to object and concepts restricted to the foreign culture are likely
to remain unintegrated. In some cases, the foreigness may be deliberately preserved by
retaining foreign graphemes and phonemes. (Grlach 1997: 153)
In the context of English-Latin relations this applies to several semantic fields.
For instance, in medicine (names of bones in the human body), or in botany (names of
plants), were adopted without much change in graphemes. So were some words of
everyday communication such as via, recipe, etc., veto or post scriptum.
Grlach furher points out that words which are not fully integrated indicate by
their form where they were derived from. However, fully accommodated loanwords can
also preserve traces of their origin and indicate the direction of the borrowing process.
He then mentions the following four directions (Grlach 1997: 153-154):
Phonological
Morphological
Word-formation
Meaning
(OE sealm psalmus cluster reduction)

(cherry, pl. cherries cherise incorrect
segmentation)
(method Gr. met + hodos)
(spirit spiritus narrower meaning in
receiving language)
Once again, it is important to bear in mind that the process of integration is very
much dependent on the circumstances under which a word is being incorporated. The
social situation as well as intelectual level of people involved play an important role. In
addition, the process of borrowing usually tends to be a rather gradual and slow one
during which the form of a word adopted might change even several times.
3.5 THE ATTITUDES TOWARDS BORROWING
Naturally, the attitudes towards borrowing and loanwords range from one
extreme to the other i.e. from the strict opposition to borrowing to its full support.
Those, who have chosen resistance to borrowing, argue, that the field is sufficiently
supplied with native lexemes, and that the adoption of loanwords may therefore be
merely fashionable and not permanent. They also say that greater phonological and
morphological differences make the adoption difficult, and should therefore be avoided.
The history of English serves well to illustrate stages in which loanwords were being
adopted quite freely and frequently to those time periods when the rendering of foreign
concepts with native material predominated.
Discussions about the value of admissibility of loanwords in connection with
Latin words that were being adopted became particularly topical in the sixteenth
century. The proponents of loanwords claimed that the emancipation and expansion of
the vernacular needed foreign words for both lexical gaps and rhetorical ornament.
However, at the same time, excessive use of unnecessary loanwords was frequently
criticized, and the borrowings were often derogatively referred to as inkhorn terms by
language puritans. Some of the famous defenders of English of that time were Sir
Thomas Elyot, Roger Ascham, George Puttenham, Richard Mulcaster, Sir John Cheke
and Thomas Wilson. (Baugh & Cable 1993: 199, 212-5, Grlach 1997: 147)
On the other hand, there have always been those who defended borrowing and felt
that their language was being enriched by the adoption of new words rather than
discriminated. As John Dryden, an influential English poet, literary critic and
playwright, wrote: We have enough in England to supply our necessity, but if we will
have things of magnificence and splendour, we must get them by commerce. (Baugh &
Cable 1993: 215) And it is not just English which has borrowed frequently; Latin and
Greek had enriched themselves in this way as well.
D.
LOANWORDS
4.1 THE DEFINITION OF A LOANWORD

Loanwords are one of the possible outcomes of the process of borrowing.
Grlach defines a loanword as a foreign item that is borrowed at word level or above
(as a loan phrase). He goes on to say that both form and content are affected in the
process of borrowing and in later integration, mainly by adaptation to the formal
categories of the receiving language and by selection of a meaning (that has to coexist
with indigenous equivalents). (Grlach 1997: 145)
4.2 THE FUNCTIONS OF LOANWORDS
The functions of loanwords and the reasons for borrowing new words are closely
connected. There are four main functions of loanwords. (Grlach 1997: 151)
a. Loanwords serve to designate foreign objects and concepts for which a
descriptive paraphrase would be clumsy or ambiguous.
b. They serve to fill lexical gaps for concepts not properly named.
c. They contribute to a more precise differentiation.
d. They facilitate international communication.
If we were to apply these functions of loanwords to the Latin-English relations,
all of the four functions would be applicable to Latin loans. Let us look at each
particular function more closely.
Ad a. The first Latin loanwords were of military character. Naturally, the first
contact between the two nations was the period of Roman rule in Europe, therefore
there was a necessity to establish terms for new weapons, armor, battling techniques etc.
Later, when the conquered nation began to accomodate to the new culture of its
conquerors and businesses started to take up, new terms for dresses, textiles, vessels,
plants and agriculture were in social demand. In the Middle Ages and later on, in
Rennaissance, there was another wave of demand for words that would give names to
new concepts from the field of science, religion, music, poetry etc. Most of these words
have been preserved in the English languge till today.
Ad b. The second point is very much connected to the first one. Once again,
there were words for which the term was not an apposite one. These had to be replaced
with more suitable terms which were very often of Latin origin.
Ad c. This function applies to situations when there is a need for a more precise
distinguishing of similar concepts. New loans are adopted because new semantic or
stylistic contrasts have to be taken into account. This function of loanwords has
repeatedly been praised as a great advantage of the English language due to its ability to
reflect the smallest nuances in meaning.
Ad d. Latin has been, until the present day, a great facilitator of communication
in many fields. Since the very early beginnings of medicine, astrology, zoology and
other sciences, Latin has occupied the position of a lingua franca in these sciences
making it easier not only communicate more efficiently but also to learn and understand
more quickly. The reason why doctors or botanists from distant parts of the world can
understand eachother without having a common language is the result of such function
of Latin in the historical developement.
Jespersen supports this statement by saying that loanwords have not only been
the milestones of philology, but also the milestones of general history. That is because
they show us the course of civilization and give us valuable information as to the inner
life of nations when plain dates and annals can tell us only so much. When a trace of an
exanche of loanwords cannot be found in two languages, it implies the two nations most
probably have had no substantial contact with each other. However, if they have been in
contact, the number of loanwords and moreover their quality will inform us of their
reciprocal relations on which domains of human activity one has been superior to the
other etc. (Jespersen 1919: 29-30) J. P. Wild, who has dedicated much of his research to
the relationship between a borrowed word and a borrowed item, takes Jespersens
statement even further. He believes that in the context of Roman Britain a loanword
which denotes a concrete object may with fair probability be taken as evidence in itself
that the object, too, was borrowed. Having concluded this, Wild establishes the degree
of probability of parallel borrowing of noun and object. He further claims that the thesis
that loanword implies loan-object is untenable for only a small proportion of loanwords
(such as the terminology for parts of the body). (Wild 1976: 57) Wild also believes that
loanwords shed light on fields where historical rather than archaeological sources are
normally informative. The Roman calendar, Roman legal and administrative practices
and the whole spectrum of education and cultural life are reflected in at least seventy
loanwords in British. (Wild 1976: 59)
4.3 THE LEXICAL INTEGRATION OF LOANWORDS

Having previously demonstrated the complexity of the process of borrowing, it
is obvious that that there are several ways of how a word can be adopted. There are
words, which having no equivalent in the receiving languge can be adopted fairly easily.
However, there are words which have a very similar or even the same meaning as
domestic words and have to face eachother in linguistic battles. Weinreich comments
on this issue by saying that except for loans with entirely new content, the transfer of
reproduction of foreign words is bound to affect the existing vocabulary in one of the
following three ways. First, there can be confusion in usage or full identity of content
between the old and the new word. This is usually typical of the early stages of
language contact. Second, old words may be discarded as their content becomes fully
replaced by the new loanword which occurs both when foreign words are transferred
and when they are reproduced. Finally, the third affect that lexical borrowing may have
is a clarification and specialization of terms. The content of the clashing old and
borrowed words may result in specialization which may lead to the creation of
doublets. (Weinreich 1974: 53-5)
III.
THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH AND LATIN LANGUAGES
The focus of this chapter is the connection between historical events and the
language development in relation to the English and Latin languages. The description of
their individual development is important for us to be able to understand the influence
Latin has had on the English language. For this reason, a brief introduction to the
history of both languages is given the focus being primary the linguistic influence that
has shaped the two languages into the form they are in today and the chronological
classification of both English and Latin separately which is going to be create a
background for the next chapter in which the English-Latin linguistic contact will be
dealt with.
1. THE LATIN LANGUAGE
1.1 CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF LATIN
The Latin language is considered to have gone through several stages of
development. These patterns of chronological classifications may vary. I am going to
work with Barandovsks division that distinguishes between seven periods in the
development of Latin. Each of these periods represents the role that Latin played at that
particular time.
LATIN
TIME PERIOD
Archaic Latin
3rd century B.C. 1st century
Classical Latin 1. Golden period
B.C.
1st century B.C. 14 A.D.
2. Silver period
Vulgar Latin
14 A.D. 117 A.D.

1st century B.C. 8th century
Christian Latin
Middle Ages Latin
Renaissance Latin
Modern Latin
A.D.
2nd century present
5th century 15th century
14th century 17th century
17th century present
Table 1 (Barandovsk 1995: 18-51)
1.1.1.1
ARCHAIC LATIN
The beginnings of ancient Latin its birth and early development are still very
much covered in darkness. The only thing that is certain is that Latin separated from the
Indo-European protolanguage it was not until the third century B.C. that this was first
documented. In the historical period it was merely a dialect in the Rome surroundings
and later became the language of the Latini i.e. people living in Latium. (Barandovsk
1995: 18-9)
It is therefore obvious that Latin has not always held the position of a
prestigeous, predominant language. Latin used to be merely one of a number of
languages once found in the area of todays Italy. As for the influences that shaped Latin
Latin adopted language patterns and lexis not only from Greek, but also from
Etruscan. For instance, the Latin alphabet that was later adopted by so many languages,
had been taken over from Etruscan. Also, architectonical features, some proper names
and religious customs were taken over from the Etruscan civilization. Even though
Etruscan was an important influence, the greatest influence on Latin was Ancient Greek.
Greek, being the main source of Latin lexis, was a significant influence also on its
morphology and syntax. The Greek influence on Roman literature, religion, arts,
language and many other fields is immense. Naturally, we have to ask ourselves why it
is that neither Etruscan nor Ancient Greek surpassed Latin in its use and spread. As for
Etruscan, as Barandovsk points out, the languge was not of a European character
which was reflected in the fact that Latin has not adopted that many words from it
compared to other languages. Greek lacked the potential to spread through Europe due
to its many dialects which were rather scattered and separated. Rome, on the other hand
was an area of one common language, whose spread was amplified by its growing
political power and the decision to install Latin in all newly conquered areas.
(Barandovsk 1995: 18-9)
1.1.1.2
CLASSICAL AND VULGAR LATIN
It is quite natural with all languages that the written and the spoken form of the
language differ to a certain extent. In the case of Latin, the two forms are particularly
different and the inconsistencies between the spoken and the written language are
sometimes connected not only with the correct and incorrect form but rather with the
fact that Latin has developed into two separate languages.
The written form, which planted its roots in the classical period (1st century B.C.
14 A.D.) and is therefore called the classical Latin, has become a pattern in fields such
as philosophy, oratory and poetry for many future generations and is usually the Latin
taught at classical schools. It is noteworthy that it was this relatively short period of
time that produced great politicians, writers and poet such as Cicero, Ovid, Vergil and
Horatio. The model of classical Latin was based on the use of conscientiously chosen
words, stylistic measures, optimal use of word-formation affixes, loanwords and their
precise translation. However, it had a rather elaborate and somewhat artificial grammar
suitable predominantly for literary purposes. As has been mentioned before, classical
Latin is a very independent language pattern much more different from its spoken form
that it is usual with contemporary languages. The existence of such a correct form not
only proves its high level of language but it also makes the process of grammar creation
much easier.
The spoken form of Latin is also known as vulgar Latin (vulgus = common
people). The records of the existence of the written form simultaneously with the
spoken form are not numerous, but some can be found in literature for example in
Platos and Petroniuss works. Also, Christian writers tended to accomodate the
language of Christianity to the vulgar form as a way of turning a greater number of
common people to their cause, therefore some evidence can be found in their works as
well. A contemporary way of getting to know vulgar Latin are Romance languages. It is
often possible to derive their original form from the phonetic changes that occured.
(Barandovsk 1995: 24-28) To give a few lexical examples of the differences between
the two language forms in classical Latin the word for horse was equus but the
colloquial denomination was caballus. From caballus the French cheval, Provenal
caval, Spanish caballo and Italian cavallo were derived. (Baugh & Cable 1993: 27)
1.1.1.3
CHRISTIAN LATIN
Even though, the original language of Christianity is Greek, Latin quickly

dethroned its predecessor and in the second century became the liturgical language of
Rome. The Christian Latin was divided into two branches the classical Christian Latin
and the vulgar Christian Latin. Therefore, Christian Latin had to function not only as the
language of the Church but also as a language of the common people. Latin is still today
considered one of the specific characteristics of the Catholic Church. In 1962, pope
John XXIII. gave a speech called Veterum sapientia in which he fought for theologists
active knowledge of the Latin language and he suggested that a theological programme
taught in Latin should be established. Despite the fact that later on, it was established
that liturgy may be held in national languages, Latin still occupied the position of a
referential language in ecclestical law. However, Christian Latin has been gradually
replaced by other languages such as Italian, Spanish, English, German and French.
1.1.1.4
LATIN OF THE MIDDLE AGES
Latin of Middle Ages is an umbrella terms for all three forms of Latin
classical, vulgar and Christian. Many monarchs, such as Charles the Great, or Otto I,
attempted to reform the declining state of Latin during the Middle Ages. At that time,
Latin did no longer hold the place of a mother tongue, rather an internation means of
communication this was the beginning of Latin as an international language as we
know it to be today. However, not everybody could speak it. The education system, that
was fully in hands of the church, gave the opportunity to study Latin only to scholars
and common people were not given the chance to study it respectively understand it any
more. A wide range of genres is very typical of Christian Latin some of the most
typical include poetry, legends, theater plays, proverbs, fables, moral songs etc.
1.1.1.5
RENAISSANCE LATIN
The Renaissance period was a time of the revival of ancient values and
traditions, which included the rebirth and reintroduction of the Latin language.
Renaissance authors would find their inspiration in ancient writers such as Cicero,
Sallustius, Terentius or Vergil and Latin, once again, took the position of a language that
marked high status and high level of education. In fact, at that time Latin was
considered a requirement for studying at a renowned foreign university. However, the
trend of keeping the knowledge only within scholarly circles reassumed and Latin
continued to be an international language restricted to high class societies.
1.1.1.6
MODERN LATIN
After the Renaissance period, Latin held a strong position of the number one
language of science. In the 20th century many Latin university magazines such as Civis
Romanus (in Limbach), Scriptor Latinus (in Frankfurt), Praeco Latinus (in
Philadelphia) were being published. New communities supporting the revival of Latin
were being established. For instance, in 1905 Unione pro Latinino Internationale was
established to promote and popularize Latin. It suggested a simplified version of the
Latin grammar with maximal use of Latin lexis. Organizations such as International
Auxiliary Language Association, that supported a creation of an international language,
defended Latin enumerating all its good qualities comparing them to English linguistic
qualities. Also, many congresses dealing with this topic were held. For instance, in 1966
there was the Latinitas Viva congress held in Rome. Five years later, another important
effort to preserve Latin occured - Conventus Neo-Latini Lovaniensi in 1971. The famous
Latin society Societas Latina has also been very active. Finally, even Latin games were
held e.g. Ludi Latini (in Augsburg, Friesing) and Ludi Horatiani (in Munich).
1.2 THE LINGUISTIC INFLUENCE OF LATIN
As Rome was colonizing Spain, Gaul, the district west of the Black Sea,
northern Africa, the islands of the Mediterranean and Britain, Latin was spreading to all
these regions until its limits became practically co-terminous with those of the Roman
Empire. And in the great part of this area it has remained the language, although in an
altered form, to the present day. The Romance languages, Italian, French, Spanish and
Portuguese, in particular, owe a most of their vocabulary to Latin. In addition to these
most spoken languages, there are about a dozen Romance languages that are spoken by
smaller populations (such as Catalan on the Iberian peninsula and Corsica, or RhaetoRomanic in Switzerland or Walloon a dialect of French spoken in southern Belgium).
(Baugh & Cable 1993: 26-7)
Latin has left, directly or indirectly, its mark on most of the languages of the
world. It may have been its grammar, syntax, alphabet or its lexis. In fact, Latin, even
though most people consider it a dead language nowadays, has been a continuous source
of terminology and everyday vocabulary since its very early beginnings. Its
international character allows people from different parts of the world and different
language groups make oneselves understood in the field of medicine, law, music,
botany, astronomy, biology etc. and many more.
Furthemore, from personal experience, the linguistic value of Latin cannot be
compared to any other language. If a person is acquainted with Latin grammar and Latin
basic lexis, the horizons that this knowledge brings are immensely broad. Not only does
the knowledge of Latin make it easier to learn a foreign language, it enriches a person in
various other ways that are better experienced that described. Latin may be a dead
language, but, in my opinion, it is the most alive of all the dead languages in the history
of the world.
2. THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE
2.1 CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF ENGLISH
The development of the English language is conventionally divided into three
time periods: Old, Middle and Modern English. A further division into Early and Late
stages of development, as often made, is too detailed to be considered here. For the
purposes of this thesis, the following division will suffice. The following text is draws
on Robertsons chronological classification, which, based on my research, is also the
most common one. It is as follows:
ENGLISH
TIME PERIOD
Old English
Middle English
Modern English
449 1100
1100 1500
1500 present
Table 2 (Robertson 1934: 39)
2.1.1.1
OLD ENGLISH
The Old English period, as the term is usually understood, starts in the beginning
of the Germanic tribes (Jutes, Saxons and Angles) invasions to Britain in 449 and goes
until the year 1100. (Francis 1965: 39) After the Germanic conquest, each tribe settled a
part of the British Isles which explains the division of Old English into dialects that
have left their trace in the provincial speech of England until the present day.
(Robertson 1934: 41)
To outline the general development of the language in this period requires us to
go back to pre-Saxon Britain. When the Germanic invaders came, Britain had been
inhabited by the Celts. Celtic Britain was invaded by the Romans in 55 B.C. and 54
B.C. by Julius Caesars troops, but any attempt to conquer the island was postponed for
almost a century. The Roman occupation lasted until the early fifth century when the
Romans began to withdraw from the provinces in order to defend the capital leaving
Britain defenseless against the attacks of the Picts and Scots of the north and west. After
appealing in vain to Rome for help, the Celts finally called in the aid of Germanic searovers. The Germanic tribes who came to help eventually coveted the island for
themselves and turned against their Celtic allies who were driven to the corners of the
island. (Robertson 1934: 42)
There are three major language influences on Old English Celtic, Danish and
Latin. The Latin influence will be developed later on, in chapter four.
The Celtic influence and its deposit in Old English is curiously and almost
inexplicably small. The words (apart from place-names) known to have been borrowed
from the Celts in the Old English period do not amount to more than a dozen (e.g.
bannock, brock, crock, dun, slough). Names of places stand on a different footing:
hundreds of towns and cities (such as Carlisle and Dundee) retain their old Celtic
names. One of the plausible ways of explaining the small number of words borrowed
from Celtic is that the relation of the conquerors and the conquered people made it
unnatural for the former to use the words of the latter. (Jespersen 1919: 37, 39,
Robertson 1934: 43-4) Francis ascribes the scarce borrowing to the fact that the
invading English had little of the kind of contact that would produce any extensive
borrowing. He says that instead, the Germanic tribes often simply killed the Celts, or
drove them into the mountains. (Francis 1965: 135)
Another foreign contact of that period was with the Danes. They began to settle
on the island in the late eighth century and by the time of Alfred the Great, they
commanded all the territory north of the Thames. The Scandianvians were on the whole
at much the same stage of civilization as the English especially at handicrafts such as
arts of war and shipbuilding. Undoubtedly, many very familiar words have reached us in
Scandinavian rather than through the language of the Germanic tribes: sister, for
example, is from the Old Norse syster rather than the Old English sweoster. (Robertson
1934: 45-6) The Danes seem to have adopted English, but they carried over into it many
words from their native Norse. Many of them, like sky, take, window, want and even the
pronouns they, their, them and the preposition till have since become standard English.
(Francis 1965: 79, Wardale 1937: 21-3) It is a small, but significant fact that in the
glorious patriotic war-poem celebrating the battle of Maldon (993) we find for the first
time one of the most important Scandinavian loanwords to call. This shows how early
the linguistic influence of the Danes began to be felt in the English language. An
enormous number of words were then identical in the two languages, so that we should
now have been utterly unable to tell which language they had come from, if we had had
no English literature before the invasion nous such as man, wife, father, mother,
house, thing, life, winter, summer, verbs like will, can, meet, come, bring, see, stand, sit
and adjectives and adverbs such as full, well, better, best with prepositions such as over
and under. (Jespersen 1919: 61, 63-4)
The resemblance between Old English and German suggests perhaps the readiest
way to outline the general characteristics of the former. Not only in its vocabulary, but
also in its accidence or inflection does Old English present familiar conceptions to a
person who has studied German. Most striking of all, perhaps, is the fact that while
Modern English definite article has a single invariable form, the Old English article
exhibits an elaborate set of distinctions for gender, number, and case that exactly
parallel the German forms. (Robertson 1934: 47-8)
There are written records from this period, but very little literature was written in
English. With the conservative forces of educated and literary usage in abeyance, the
language changed more rapidly than it otherwise would have. By the time it again
emerged as a literary language, it was so changed, that we give it a new name Middle
English.
2.1.1.2
MIDDLE ENGLISH
As we have seen, the Old English word-stock is virtually unilingual; the Middle
English, however, is clearly bilingual. The French influence began before the Norman
Conquest when Edward the Confessor gave many influential posts in the English
Church and state to French clergymen and French nobles. Thus it is not surprising that
French words begin to enter the English vocabulary even before 1066. The policy of
William the Conqueror is believed by recent historians to have been far more liberal in
its attitude toward the English language than was long supposed. The king made no
attempt to force his new subjects in their relations with one another to speak French.
But it was inevitable that French should become at once the language of law, the
Church, civil government and of military organization. Most of English legal
terminology is to be traced directly to French: suit, plead, judge, jury, cause, court, fee,
crime, jail. Ecclesiastical terms like religion, trinity, sacrifice, pray, clergy, cloister and
service are also from French. So are terms of national government like parliament,
crown, state, council, country and military words like fortress, siege, peace, soldier,
troops, force, guard, armor, battle and war. Further followed by words for art, music
and literature such as art itself, paint, music, chant, poem, and romance. As a result, the
English language was reduced from the status of a literary language to that of a mere
spoken dialect. According to Bradley, there is just one class of object for which the
native names have remained without any French mixture that consisting of the
external parts of the body. Words like eye, ear, tongue, nose, arm, hand and so forth are
purely native. One exception to this rule is the word face which is French. (Bradley
1904: 91) However, it should be remembered that the addition of a French word does
not necessarily mean the loss of an English one. Frequently, the two remain as
synonyms. For instance, we have table as well as board, labor as well as work.
However, as Jespersen says, the native English word usually has the strongest
associations with everything that is primitive, fundamental, popular, while the French
word is often more formal, more polite, more refined and has a less strong hold on the
emotional side of life. Some examples of these synonyms may be the French amity and
the English friendship, aid and help, favourite and darling. In some cases the chief
difference between the native word and the French one is that the former is more
colloquial and the latter more literary e.g. begin and commence, look for and search for,
hide and conceal. Another English-French incosistency may be found in the interesting
custom of applying Saxon names to animals when alive, but Norman French names
when prepared for food which has been prevalent ever since this period and is illustrated
in Ivanhoe. Thus, Saxon swine, calf, ox, sheep and deer have their counterparts in
Norman pork, veal, beef, mutton and venison. (Bradley 1904: 88, Jespersen 1919: 8490, 97-9, Robertson 1934: 51-5, Thoma 1922: 27, Wardale 1937: 35)
Latin has been a rich source of borrowing in all periods of the English languge,
naturally including the Middle English period. However, its influence, again, will be
discussed in detail in the following chapter.
Generally speaking, the most important linguistic changes in this period are the
two following a more complex vocabulary which is accompanied by an increasingly
simpler inflectional system. Two changes are perhaps most conspicuous: the farreaching vowel weakening, by which almost every vowel other than e, occurring in an
inflectional ending, was changed to e. By the end of that period, even that e has become
mute to some extent as in Modern English, in which an earlier dayes has become days.
The other change was the loss of final -n in the inflectional forms of several parts of
speech. Greater simplicity was achieved also in the structure of the Middle English
sentence. (Robertson 1934: 57-8, Wardale 1937: 3)
The fourteenth century not only saw English firmly and finally established as a
literary language thanks to such figures as John Gower and writers such as Geoffrey
Chaucer, William Langland and the unknown author of Sir Gawain and the Green
Knight who staked all on English and showed that it could be the vehicle of great
poetry) (Francis 1965: 82), but it saw the elevation of one dialect into a commanding
position as a literary speech. The East Midland dialect of the capital, the court and the
universities assumed a peculiarly favored position among its two other rivals - Northern
and Southern dialects. The speech of London and the London area came to be thought
of as standard, or at least preferred for cultivated use. Chaucer is sometimes given credit
for influencing this choice since he was a Londoner born and bred and he wrote the
colloquial and educated speech of his native town, but the truth may be rather different.
Another person who substantially contributed to pushing English toward brighter future
was Caxton and his invention of the printing press. Its ability to spread copies of
English texts over the whole country made a standard writing system in English both
desirable and feasible. The fifteenth century saw the standardization of the literary
language carried even further and before the end of the fifteen century, it has developed
into what we know now as Modern English. (Francis 1965: 83, 86, Robertson 1934: 613)
2.1.1.3
MODERN ENGLISH
In the sixteenth century the English society as well as its language were
overwhelmed by the humanistic movement - the revival of learning that put the study of
Latin on a new basis and introduced the study of Greek. The general effect of the revival
of learning in the context of the English language was twofold: a temporary neglect of
the vernacular but later a recognition of the possibility of giving modern languages
something of the grace and quality that scholars found in the classics. This twofold
division led to a division in society there were those who believed that English should
be improved by borrowings from Latin and those who believed that English should
rather develop its own words. These opposite attitudes, of course, do not represent a
new notion, simply one amplified by the time period. (Robertson 1934: 65-6)
Throughout the eighteenth century, beginning with the work of men like Swift
and Steele, the striving is for simplicity, directness, clarity and accurancy. The
Elizabethan exuberance, the joy in language is no longer requested. There is a tendency
towards purification and refinement. (Robertson 1934: 67-8)
With the dawn of Romanticism a freer and a more liberal atmosphere becomes
evident. Obsolete words are being revived, dialectal terms are being introduced.
Dictionaries begin to have a powerful influence upon Modern English development.
(Robertson 1934: 68-9)
One of the most interesting aspects of Modern English is its constantly

increasing use as an international language. This leadership among the languages of the
world has been achieved well within the Modern English period. In the nineteenth
century, English came rapidly to the front, largely as a result of the swift increase in the
population of the United States and of the British colonies. Probably by the middle of
the century, it had outdistanced its competitors. The reason why it had done so is up for
discussion. Its spread may be accounted for by external circumstances, or it may have
come about because English is the language best fitted to be the international tongue,
that Latin once was. Probably it is best to say that both internal and external factors
have worked hand in hand here. However, the analogy of the destiny of Latin and
English is quite interesting and will be mentioned in the following passage. (Robertson
1934: 87-92)
3. THE ENGLISH-LATIN ANALOGY
McArthur presents an interesting suggestion in his book The English Languages. He
compares the fate of Latin to the possible destiny of English. He suggests that there are
scholars who fear that Standard English might be slowly replaced by various dialects
and possibly lead to the death of English as we know it. He then, compares this possible
development to that of Latin which was replaced by other languages such as French,
Italian and Spanish. Because of this concern about English, the Latin which died under
barbarian assault 1,500 years ago offers a suitable dire analogue of mutally intelligible
post-English languages. McArthur also present the opposite side of the issue. He says
that there are those who do not see English as one language but rather as many world
Englishes. From this point of view, the growth of the vernacular Latins of Imperial
Rome which led in due course to the Romance languages, is hardly tragic. (McArthur
1998: 181-2) The truth might be somewhere in the middle. There is no way to know to
what extent the death of Latin was abrupt or how natural the transfer from Latin to the
Romance languages was. Moreover, changing of languages and creation of languages is
a natural process that cannot and should not be artificially interrupted. On the other
hand, the tendencies toward very different variations of English have become quite
numerous recently and we can expect such a trend to continue further in the future.
IV.
LATIN LOANWORDS IN ENGLISH
Having introduced both languages in the context of their own history and
development that was marked by various influences, it is now time to present the two
languages in the context of their common history. This chapter has been divided into
three parts that correspond with the periods of the linguistic development of English,
that is the Old, Middle and Modern English periods. Each part deals with one particular
period of the English-Latin contact focusing primarily on the role that the historical
development played in the linguistic development. A characterization of the loanwords
of the given period is provided and examples of those loanwords that were adopted into
English at that particular period are given.
The principal languages which have affected the English lexis are Scandinavian,
French and Latin. Scandinavian words were borrowed most freely between the ninth
and the twelfth century; French words during the twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth
centuries, but Latin words have been making their way into English throughout almost
the whole period of English history, first into the spoken language, later into written
English. (Serjeantson 1961: 9)
1. LATIN LOANWORDS IN THE OLD ENGLISH PERIOD (449-1100)
There are numerous ways of dividing the early loan-words period. Skeats model
defines Latin of the first period as Latin that was present on the British Isles until 600
A.D. After this point, Latin of the Second period comes the Christian Latin. (Skeat
1887: 432-3) Baugh and Cable devide the history of early Latin loanwords in English
into three periods: the Zero period, the First period and the Second period. (Baugh &
Cable 1993: 77-82) A different classification was introduced by Alois Pogatscher in his
work Lautlehre in 1888, where he included a geographical aspect of division of the
early Latin loanwords. (Wollmann 2007: 6) According to his pattern, the early OE
loanwords can be divided into two main groups: continental and insular. Later on, he
added the period of Christian loanwords. The continental loanwords, originating in the
lower Rhine area and mainly in Gaul were those words borrowed by the Germanic
tribes from the beginning of the Roman-Germanic contact to 449 A.D. Insular
loanwords were words borrowed from the romanized urban British population between
the years 450 and 600 A.D. Christian loanwords are those words that were borrowed
roughly after the year 600 A.D. (Wollmann 2007: 6) Pogatschers geographical division
into continental and insular loanwords was later adopted by many scholars, (including
linguists such as Hladk (Hladk 2003: 319-21) and Serjeantson (Serjeantson 1961: 11-
4) and became the basic pattern of division of early Latin loanwords in English. This
work is going follow Pogatscher in his division into continental, insular and Christian
loanwords.
1.1 CONTINENTAL DEVELOPMENT
The history of Latin words in English has its beginnings in the period before the
Angles, Jutes and Saxons crossed the North Sea to settle the British Isles. From the time
of Julius Caesar onwards we have evidence from the Roman historians of contact
betwen the Germanic and the Latin peoples which led to the adoption of Germanic
words into Latin and vice versa. The number of Germans living within the Roman
empire in the fourth century is estimated at several million. Germans usually worked as
slaves in the fields or served in the army as soldiers and also as commanders. For
instance, Augusta Treverorum in Gaul (now Treves) an important intersection of eight
military roads and a place where all the grandeur of the Roman civilization was shown
was practically under the gaze of the Germanic people.
As has been indicated before, the first spread of Latin words into Germanic was
due to military influence. And after the Roman soldier came the Roman merchant. From
the time of the first establishment by Julius Caesar of an imperial province on the Rhine,
the trade of Italy turned in this direction and the inhabitants of the new province learnt
very quickly to approve the new products, vessels, plants, ornaments and games which
came to them from the south. They traded products of Roman handicrafts and articles of
luxury for amber, furs, slaves and raw materials. The new words that some of the
Germans learned from the Romans then spread to other Germanic tribes. In the
beginning, the interchange of words between Germanic and Latin speakers took place in
the spoken language i.e. it was not classical Latin but rather vulgar Latin that was the
source of new lexis. (Hladk 2003: 319, Serjeantson 1961: 11)
1.1.1 CONTINENTAL LOANWORDS
Although, as Hladk states, the number of loanwords from this period is not very
high about 150, they are all very important words. (Hladk 2003: 320) The loanwords
adopted in the continental period are very concrete and descriptive. Mainly because
there was no need for any abstract terms and as Peprnk points out, the Germanic tribes
were not yet mature enough to absorb any abstract terms. (Peprnk 2006: 81) A few
examples from various fields follow (Hladk 2003: 320):
Military actions:
Measure and distance:
Trade:
battle, javelin, road, wall

inch, mile, pound
bargain, chest, payment, price, market, mint sack, monger,
Food and drink:

Cooking:
Plants:
Animals:
Building arts:
Education:
Church and religion:
toll
butter, cheese, oil, wine
dish, kitchen, kettle, mill
beet, cherry, cole, lily, mint, palm, pear, pepper, plum
dragon, drake, mule, peacock
chalk, copper, pitch, pit, tile
school
angel, ark, bishop, church, church, devil
Finally, it should be noted that there was two-way traffic in loanwords in the
Roman period. However, Germanic loanwords adopted into Latin are suprisingly very
scarce, as attested by Roman authors. Examples of such loanwords are ganta (goose),
sapo (soap), reno (hides) and glaesum (amber). (Wild 1976: 61) These loanwords reveal
the reverse side of Roman trade with Germanic tribes confirming Wilds theory of the
introduction of a new word that had been preceded by the introduction of the item itself.
1.2 INSULAR DEVELOPMENT
1.2.1 INSULAR DEVELOPMENT AFTER THE ROMAN CONQUEST

The first significant influence of Roman civilization on British Isles took place
in years 55 and 54 B.C. when Julius Caesar having completed the conquest of Gaul
decided upon an invasion of England. His chief purpose behind the invasion was
probably the intention to discourage the Celts of Britain from coming to the assistance
of Celts in Gaul. However, the expedition had resulted in no material gain and great
disappointment. The resistance of the Celts was unexpectedly spirited. His return the
following year was no greater an improvement on the situation. Even though he
succeeded in establishing himself in the southeast, after a few encounters with the Celts,
he was forced to return to Gaul. Britain was not again troubled by the Roman for nearly
a hundred years. (Baugh & Cable 1993: 43)
When emperor Claudius decided to undertake the actual conquest of the island
in 43 A.D. he did not underestimate the problems involved with it. An army of 40, 000
was sent to Britain and within three years Claudius managed to subjugate the peoples of
the central and southeastern regions. Subsequent campaigns soon brought almost all of
what is now England under Roman rule. A setback in Roman progress occured in 61
A.D. when Boadicea, the widow of one of the Celtic chiefs, led an uprising against the
Romans massacring about 70, 000 of them. The Romans never really penetrated far into
the mountains of Wales and Scotland. Eventually, they built Hadrians wall to protect
the northern boundary against the Scots. The area south of this line was under Roman
rule for more than 300 years. (Baugh & Cable 1993: 44)
The British Isles have been marked by the Roman rule in various ways. Roman
ways were found where Romans lived and ruled. Four great highways spread fanlike
from London to the north, the northwest, the west and the southwest. Numerous smaller
roads connected important military and civil centers. Small cities and more than a
hundred towns with their Roman houses, baths, temples and occasional theaters testify
to the introduction of Roman habits of life. The Romans introduced the heating
apparatus, the water supply system, paved floors in mosaic, walls of painted stucco and
other Roman ornaments, utensils, pottery and glassware. (Baugh & Cable 1993: 44)
Naturally, the position of Latin, right after the conquest, was the position of a
conquering language. However, the primary feeling of hostility toward the Roman
language began to change very early. Tacitus tells us that in the time of Agricola (78-85
A.D.) the Britons who at first despised the language of their conquerors now became
eager to speak it. On the whole, many people in Roman Britain habitually spoke Latin,
but its use was not sufficiently widespread to cause it to survive, as the Celtic language
survived, the upheaval of the Germanic invasions. A number of inscriptions have been
found, all of them in Latin. These inscriptions do not in themselves indicate a
widespread use of Latin by the native population. They rather suggest that the use of
Latin was probably confined to members of the upper class and inhabitants of the cities
and towns. The well-to-do inhabitants who occupied fine country houses probably
spoke Latin, too. (Baugh & Cable 1993: 44)
1.2.2 INSULAR DEVELOPMENT AFTER THE GERMANIC CONQUEST
When the Roman troops that had settled in Britain were called back home to
protect Rome, they left Britain unprotected. The English, constantly harrased by the
Picts and Scots were defenseless against these attacks and according to the tradition,
invited the Germanic tribes for the purpose of conquering the Picts and Scots. However,
when these tribes arrived and fulfilled their goal, they decided to establish kingdoms of
their own. The Jutes settled in southeastern England, the Saxons settled largely south of
the Thames and the Angles established their kingdoms in the east and central part of
England from the Thames to Scotland. By the middle of the sixth century, the invasion
had stopped. The Teutonic supremacy on the island naturally resulted in the suppression
of the native Celts. The Germanic tribes were not wildly barbarous as the presuming
opinion usually is. They were adventurous sea-rovers with high regard for freedom.
However, their type of civilization cannot be compared to that of the Romans, whose
culture they swept out of England. In the light of Roman civilization the Teutonic tribes
were, therefore, fierce and warlike. (Thoma 1922: 25-6)
Nevertheless, the Germanic tribes thought of Latin as of a language of a highly
regarded civilization, one from which they wanted to learn. Contact with that
civilization, at first commercial and military, later religious and intellectual, extended
over many centuries and was constantly renewed. (Baugh & Cable 1993: 75)
1.2.3 INSULAR LOANWORDS
When the Germanic tribes invaded Britain in the half of the fifth century and
conquered the Celtic inhabitants, the Latin language had already preceded them. As I
have mentioned before, Britain had been a Roman province for nearly four hundred
years. (Skeat 1887: 432) However, we must not expect too many Latin words from this
source. The words most likely to be incorporated into English are place-names left by
the Romans among the Celts. As Wollmann stresses, there are no loanwords that can for
sure be assigned to the insular period in the sense that there is a positive proof that they
were borrowed from romanized Celts or some dispersed speakers of British vulgar
Latin. Since possible Celtic interference can be probably restricted only to a few cases,
we are obliged to state, that a majority of early Latin loanwords were of continental
origin since there is no linguistic proof that loanwords were borrowed in Britain and not
by way of trade with Gaul. (Wollmann 2007: 21) Serjeantson agrees with this statement
and points out that it is sometimes impossible to distinguish between loans of the later
continental period and those of the first centuries of the settlement and in some cases,
though these are in a minority, words included in the respective lists might be
transferred from one to the other with equal probability of correctness. (Serjeantson
1961: 14) Moreover, each author deals with the issue of Latin loanwords differently,
which may result in words being classified as continental as well as insular borrowings.
The following words, as Emerson presents them in his work, are some of the examples
that Kluge and Skeat consider to be insular borrowings (Emerson 1917: 145-6, Skeat
1887: 432-3):
LATIN
OLD ENGLISH
castra (pl.)
lacus
montem (akuz.)
portus
milia (pl.)
strta (sternere)
uallum
vcus
vnum
MODERN ENGLISH
easter
lacu
munt
port
mil
strt
wal
wc
Chester, Lancaster,
lake
mount
port
mile
street
wall
Wick (Harwich,
wn
Berwick)
wine
Table 3 (Emerson 1917: 145-6, Skeat 1887: 432-3)
1.3 CHRISTIAN INFLUENCE AND LOANWORDS

The third period of the Latin influence on Old English, according to Potgatscher,
is the period of christianization. The English were converted to Christianity in about 596
A.D. It was in that year that Pope Gregory the Great sent Abbot Augustine to England to
spread Christianity. Augustine converted the king of Kent and founded the monastery at
Canterbury. Furthermore, Scottish missionaries founded Lindisfarne in Northumbria in
about 640 A.D. However, it must be noted that the Anglo-Saxons knew about some
phenomema of Christianity centuries before they were converted. This is proved by the
fact that they learned a few words from the Christian terminology before coming to
England e.g. bishop, church, devil, angel (see 1.1.1 Continental loanwords) (Skeat
1887: 433) But, as Thoma points out, some of these words of classical origin existing
previous to the introduction of Christianity were used with pagan connotation. For
instance, an angel was not a heavenly messenger but a messenger in our sense of the
word. (Thoma 1922: 26) During the following four centuries many Latin words were
introduced by Roman ecclesiastics, and by English writers who translated Latin words
into their own language. (Skeat 1887: 433)
Jespersen presents an interesting idea when he says that he is not concerned with
the words that were adopted at this period, but with those that were not. He does not
find it unusual, considering the historical development, that English borrowed from
Latin its religious terminology. What astonishes him is the fact that English has utilized
its own resources to such a great extent. The use of native words was also supported by
the clergy and missionaries who tended to avoid learned Latin words to make the new
faith more accessible to the population. This was done in three ways: by forming new
words from the foreign loans by means of native affixes, by modifying the sense of
existing English words, and finally by framing new words from native stems. (Jespersen
1919: 42)
A great example of how existing native words were largely turned to account to
express Christian ideas is the word God. Jespersen gives 23 native compounds that
include the word God. These are just some of them: godcundnes (divinity), godsibb
(sponsor), godspell (gospel), godsunu (godson), godgimm (divine gem). (Jespersen
1919: 45) Such a list shows how in the old system of nomenclature, everything was
native, and, therefore, easily understood even by the uneducated. Modern English,
however, has words derived from several bases instead: divine, religious, sacred, pious,
evangelical, oracle etc. Such series of terms is, naturally, harder to remember that the
Anglo-Saxon series beginning with god-. (This is the usual argument that those against
loanwords and borrowing give.) (Jespersen 1919: 45-6, Peprnk 2006: 82)
As Baugh and Cable say, the result of the christianizing of Britain is some 450
Latin words adopted into English (this number does not include proper names or
derivatives). However, about 100 of them were purely learned or retained so much of
the foreign character and hardly can be considered part of the English vocabulary (e.g.
inwit (conscience), houseling (confession)). (Francis 1965: 136) Of the 350 words,
some did not find their way into general use until later, when they were reintroduced.
On the other hand, a large number of them were fully accepted and thoroughly
incorporated into the language since they were introduced (e.g. deacon, bishop, martyr)
(Baugh & Cable 1993: 89, Francis 1965: 136)
A list of a few examples of words adopted in the period of Christian influence
follows (Baugh & Cable 1993: 84-5, Emerson 1917: 147, Hladk 2003: 321, Skeat
1887: 441):
Religion and church:
abbot, alb, alms, altar, anthem, apostle, balsam,

candle, canon, cleric, creed, cummin, deacon,
disciple, font, litany, manna, martyr, mass, minster,
monk, noon, nun, offer, organ, pall, pasch, pope,
priest, prime, provost, psalm, sabath, shrine,
temple
Household and clothing:
candle, cap, cowl, purple, silk, sock, sponge
Plants, herbs, trees:
box (tree), cedar, chervil, feverfew, gladden,

mallow, myrth, periwinkle, pine, plant, rose, rue,
savine, spelt
Food:
fennel, ginger, lentil, lobster, mussel, radish
Animals:
capon, culver, doe, phoenix, trout, turtle-(dove)
Miscellaneous:
canker, chapman, circle, coop, copper, coulter,

crisp, cup, dight, elephant, fan, fever, fiddle, fork,
giant, imp, keep, kiln, lever, linen, mat, mortar,
must, pan, paper, phoenix, pilch, pile, pillow, pin,
place, plaster, pole, punt, sack, shambles, shoal,
shrive, sickle, sole, spend, stop, strap, talent, tippet,
title, tun, tunic, verse, zephyr
2. LATIN LOANWORDS IN THE MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD (1100-1500)
2.1 ENGLISH, LATIN AND FRENCH

After 1066, when the Normans, led by William the Conqueror, settled in Britain,
English and Latin found themselves having to compete with yet another language,
French. The roles of the three languages were given by the official policy of the court.
The kings court, along with major religious communities were sources of the French
influence. The kings and the feudal lords were all French-speakers. All legal documents
were written in French. Monastic life was also dominated by French-speakers, although
the language of the liturgy and of the written documents was Latin. Latin had played an
important role as the official written language in England. Part of the literature of
medieval England from the twelfth century to the fourteenth was written in Latin.
During Middle English, the importance of Latin as the language of religion and learning
continued. Chronicles were written in Latin, and the number of learned words in
history and theology further kept rising. English was the language of ordinary trade and
agriculture. The balance between these two languages was upset in 1204 when King
John lost Normandy to Philip II of France, and isolated the Normans from their
continental lands. This was an encouragement for the aristocracy to use English. This
was also something that caused the Latin loans to appear in large numbers in Middle
English. In 1362, Edward III issued an act requiring the use of English as the language
of the oral proceedings in courts. The written records, however, were still made in Latin.
(Berndt 1989: 53, Hladk 2003: 324)
2.2 LOANWORDS
An important difference between Old English loanwords and Middle English
loanwords is the purpose of their borrowing. In Old English, borrowing was motivated
mainly by the need for denotation of new concepts while in Middle English, in many
cases, Latin words were taken over even though there were adequate native words
already in the English lexis. (Hladk 2003: 319)
The area of Middle English loanwords from Latin widens quite considerably
with the adoption of new words from scientific fields. The borrowing of religious and
ecclesiastical terms continues in this period. However, there are new semantical fields
such as medicine, alchemy, mineralogy, zoology that are being enriched with Latin
words. Middle English period is also considerably richer in abstract terms, as opposed
to the Old English period.
A few examples of loanwords from various fields follow (Serjeantson 1961:
260):
Religion:
alleluia, apocalypse, collect, diocese, eremite, Exodus,

Genesis, gloria, lateran, lector, magnificat, mediator,
Law:
requiem, redemptor, sabbat, salvator, sanctum

arbitrator, client, conviction, equivalent,
executor,
exorbitant, extravagant, gratis, habeas corpus, implement,

Education:
legitimate, memorandum, pauper, persecutor

abacus, abecedary, allegory, et cetera, cause, contradictory,
desk, ergo, explicit, finis, formal, incipit, index, item,
Medicine:
library, memento, major, minor, neuter, scribe, simile

diaphragm, digit, dislocate, hepatic, ligament, recipe,
Alchemy:
saliva
aggravate, calcine, concrete, dissolve, distillation, elixir,
essence, ether, fermentation, fixation, immaterial, liquable,
Astronomy:
mercury
ascension,
Botany:
Zoology:
Mineralogy:
equinoxium, equator, intercept, retrograde

cardamon, gladiol, juniper, lupin
asp, cicade, lacert, locust
adamant, chalcedony, jacinct, lapidary, onyx
comet,
conspect,
dial,
eccentric,
equal,
Abstract terms:
adoption, aggregate, alienate, collision, colony,

communicative, complete, concussion, conductor,
confederate, conflict, depression, determinate,
exclamation, expedition, imaginary, immortal, implication
etc.
Latin is also responsible for the adoption of a number of prefixes and suffixes
into English. A list of prefixes is given at the end of this work.
Latin nouns, adjectives and pronouns have usually been adopted in the
nominative case (circus, consul) but inflected forms are occasionally found, too (folio,
requiem). To these we may add various Latin verbal forms which have become
crystallized in the same way through some frequent construction and are now used as
nouns (exit, veto, deficit, interest). Latin prepositions and adverbs were adopted directly
less commonly than nouns, adjectives and verbs, but some do occur in English (alias,
extra, item, verbatim). (Serjeantson 1961: 263-4)
Serjeantson points out that, in this period, it is quite difficult to know which
language a word was adopted from. For example, the words exemption, impression or
discipline could have been taken over either directly from Latin or later on from French.
Another problem is that, often, a word which was adopted from Old French, is either in
Middle English or later, reborrowed from Latin or at least refashioned on the model of
Latin (in pronunciation, spelling or both). These include words such as adventure
(earlier aventure), confirm (conferm), debt (dette). The matter is further complicated by
the fact that in the adoption of words from Latin the common Latin suffixes are replaced
with common French suffixes. For instance, the OFr. suffix -ie represents the Latin
suffix -ia, hence the Latin words custodia, familia were modified into custodie, familie
(now custody, family) Sometimes, however, the French form has deviated so far from
the Latin form, that there is no doubt which language is the source of the corresponding
English word. In fact, English has often two terms doublets one adopted directly
from Latin and one adopted directly from French. (Serjeantson 1961: 261-2)
2.3 AUREATE TERMS
The fifteenth century introduced a rather unusual linguistic feature aureate
terms. It became a conscious stylistic device extensively used by poets and occasionally
by writers of prose. By means of words such as abusion, dispone, diurne, equipolent
and tenebrous, poets attempted what has been described as a kind of stylistic gilding,
and this feature of their language is accordingly known as aureate diction. The poets
who affected aureate terms have been described as tearing up words from Latin. Even
though, this effort was rather artificial and most of the words created in this way
disappeared from the English language quite early, there were words which were
considered aureate in Chaucer, like laureate, mediation, oriental and prolixity and did
become part of the common speech. However, this source of words is merely a small
stream of Latin words flowing into English in the period of Middle Ages. (Francis 1965:
181-2)
3. LATIN LOANWORDS IN THE MODERN ENGLISH PERIOD (1500 PRESENT)

The period of Modern English stretches from 1500 until the present day. And even
though the beginnings of Renaissance are usually considered to be in the 14th century,
its direct impact on English was the greatest in the 16th and 17th century; therefore, the
period of Renaissance has been included in the Modern English period rather than in the
Middle English. Moreover, Francis points out that the influx of classical borrowings that
entered English in Renaissance was a phenomenon of the period roughly from 1550 to
1675. Direct borrowing from Latin during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries far
surpassed that from any other foreign language, including French. The following
eighteenth century was a period of stabilization of the vocabulary crowned by the
publication of Johnsons great dictionary in 1755. (Francis 1965: 110)
The Renaissance movement brought about the revival of not only classical literature
and art but also of the classical languages. Compared to the Middle English period,
when on the whole many of the borrowings adopted from Latin into English are much
more likely to be from French than from Latin, in the Modern English period, they are
much more likely to be from Latin than from French. (Robertson 1934: 314) Although,
it is probably quite impossible to get anything like an accurate estimate of the whole
number of Latin loanwords borrowed in English, Professors Greenough and Kittredge
have arrived at the conclusion that English has appropriated a full quarter of the Latin
vocabulary, besides what it has gained by transferring Latin meanings to native words.
(Robertson 1934: 315)
3.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF LOANWORDS

Along with the scientific development, in the Modern English period, Latin
became the languge of science (medicine, anatomy, pathology, botany, astronomy,
physics, mathematics, philosophy etc.) therefore these are the fields which were
supplied with Latin words the most. Other Latin borrowings are broadly assignable to
such fields as education, rhetoric, prosody, literature etc. Among the large number of
Latin loans difficult to classify are words which are of a rather formal style as well as
others which have found their ways to the everyday speech of the average educated man
(Berndt 1989: 56) Latin also served as the channel through which most of the loans
from Greek passed into English. The process of borrowing abstract terms rather than
concrete words also continues in the Modern English period. This suggests the social
progress that started in the Middle English period which is demonstrated through
language.
An interesting course of development occured during this period. Since the
prestige of Latin was so great, many French words were being adapted back to their
Latin originals: such as avril april, doute doubt, egal equal, langage language.
(Berndt 1989: 56)
3.1.1.1
THE ENGLISHING OF LATIN WORDS
Apart from the assimilation of prefixes and suffixes that has been mentioned
before, English has managed to modify Latin words in other ways. For instance, Wrenn
mentiones that Latin technical terms and law phrases were commonly shortened or
abbreviated. Such as status quo which was taken originaly from status quo ante or
bona fide (as in bona fide traveller) or mob (as in mobile vulgus). Indeed many Latin
words have acquired such an English feeling that almost no-one knows what their
origins are. Thus, we have recipe in cookery which originally was the Latin imperative
in the sense of take (take that amount of ingredience) similarly the word item is properly
the Latin for likewise used in such lists as accounts, prescriptions or recipes. (Wrenn
1949: 114-6)
Substantial changes also occured in the field of pronunciation. Latin, as the
language of the educated classes in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries developed in
pronunciation on the same lines as English, therefore common Latin terms came to have
a real speech-tradition among the cultivated classes. However, in the nineteenth century
a new way of pronouncing Latin brought over from the Continent arose in schools. The
spreading of this new and foreign-sounding pronunciation has grown with the decline of
general knowledge of Latin which led to changes in pronunciation. Wrenn gives
examples of this the traditional stratum [streitm] becomes [stratm], and one even
hears occasionally cinema [sinima] spoken as [kinima] or [kainima] because the word
was made from a Greek formation kinma. Wrenn adds, that often rhymes in English
verse depending on the traditional English-Latin pronunciation are falsified by this

practice. (Wrenn 1949: 117-8)
3.2 LOANWORDS
As Serjeantson says, the period of Renaissance added very many Latin words to
the English vocabulary but it also introduced many which failed to receive general
approval. Serjeantson agrees with Francis on the period of the greatest influx of Latin
loanwords by saying that since 1500, the largest number of words have been introduced
during the second half of the sixteenth century and the first half of the seventeenth while
the smallest number during the last half of the eighteenth century. (Serjeantson 1961:
264).
3.3 THE LATIN-ENGLISH CONTROVERSY
The revival of Latin in the sixteenth century was viewed twofold. On one hand,
Latin was taken as a highly regarded language, a rich source of vocabulary and a
linguistic universal currency. On the other hand, Latin was viewed as a threat to the
emerging vernaculars. As Baugh and Cable say, in the Renaissance period, vernaculars
had to face three great problems (Baugh & Cable 1993: 198):
1. Recognition in the fields where Latin had for centuries been supreme.
2. The establishement of a more uniform orthography.
3. Enrichment of the vocabulary so that it would be adequate to meet the demand
that would be made upon it in its wider use.
Having said that, Latin was one of the possible sources of troubles that vernaculars
had to deal with. At that time, many scholars argued that compared to Latin, the
vernacular languages seemed immature, unpolished, and limited in resource. (Berndt
1989: 55) English also came under attack in the sixteenth century by various writers
who called the language uneloquent in such terms as base, simple, rude, gross,
barbarous and vile. For this reason, it was thought that serious compositions about
theology, medicine, philosophy, law etc. should be written in Latin. (Peters 1968: 269)
The early modern period was, on the other hand also the time when, as a result of
socioeconomic changes, the monopoly of Latin as the universal languagege of
philosophy, theology, and science was being challenged, and English came to be
employed more and more for purposes for which Latin had for centuries either
exclusively or predominantly been used. There were many scholars who defended
English against Latin such as Elyot, Wilson, Puttenham, or Mulcaster. (This issue is also
referred to in chapter 3.5.)
In conclusion, I think it is safe to say that the scholars who at that time were in favor
of borrowing from Latin still outnumbered those who were against it and that is why the
word-stock of Latin loanwords in the Modern English period is the largest of all three
periods in the history of the English language.
V.
CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF LOANWORDS
The core of this thesis is the following chronological classification of Latin

words in the English language. However, a few words need to be said to explain the
focus of the text that follows.
First, the following enumeration of words is based on one major source that was
used, that is Hoads Oxford Concise Dictionary of English Etymology (A). Other
sources were consulted, when the origin of words was not clear, especially when a word
was said to be of either French or Latin origin. In that case, two more sources were
consulted, that is Skeats Concise Dictionary of English Etymology (B) and Onionss
The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (C). The letters in the brackets that is A,
B, and C were used to state which of the three book sources the origin of the word
was taken from. That is, if a headword is followed by A152, it means that the origin of
the word can be found in Hoads Dictionary on page 152. If a word was said to be
adopted either from Latin or French in Hoads work whereas Skeat claims that its origin
is Latin, the word is included in the list and both sources are stated.
Second, for practical reasons, the number of words is limited to the headwords
of Hoads dictionary. Therefore, derivatives and related words are not included in the
classification. However, all headwords that are stated to be clearly of Latin origin have
been written down, along with their various meanings. The development of meaning is
always reflected in the chronological classification, i.e. one word may be included in
several centuries as it was adopted several times with different meanings or the meaning
has changed throughout history. Not all headwords are provided with a definition of
meaning. Definitions have not been provided for words whose senses have undergone
no major change in English, and whose meanings are likely to be ascertainable by most
readers.
Third, the headword (with its English definition) is always followed by its
origin. Words from other languages that are part of the trail of etymological history of
the English headword are written in italics. The first word given is always Latin, if not
stated otherwise. If the word had been adopted into Latin from some other language
before it was adopted from Latin into English, the chain of origin is also given. The
following signs were used in explaining the course of the adoption of words:
adoption, borrowing from one language into another
f.
formed on, a word was formed on another word
means, meaning
Further abbreviations that were used are listed at the end of this chapter along
with a list of the most common prefixes that occur in English (with stress on Latin
prefixes). A list of suffixes is not included due to its complexity that transcends the
limits of this thesis.
The words are divided according to the century they were adopted in. However,
the earliest loanwords usually cannot be assigned to a particular century. For this reason,
words that were adopted approximately from 700 to 1100 are simply included in one
group of loans Old English Loanwords. This applies also to several Middle English
loanwords whose precise date of adoption is not known, and which are therefore put in
another group of loans Middle English Loanwords. Following these two groups, there
are 10 groups of words listed according to the century they were adopted in from the
11th century until the 20th century. A list of words that entered English via Latin whose
time of adoption, however, is not given by any of the consulted dictionaries, concludes
the enumeration of Latin loanwords in English. The final part of this chapter explains
why the highest number of loanwords were adopted in the sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries and why other periods were less rich in Latin loans.
1. Old English Loanwords

ALBION
Britain
A10
ALTAR
A12
vessel for holy oil
AMPULLA
OE. Albion L. Albin, Gr. Aloun Celtic

Albio, -on- (albus = white)
OE. altar, alter L. altar, altre, altrium
for altria, n. pl. burnt offerings, altar, prob.
rel. to adolre = burn in sacrifice
OE. L. dim. of ampora, var. of amphora
A14
ANCHOR
A15
appliance for
mooring vessel to
the bottom
ANTHEM
A18
APOSTLE
A19
AUGUST
eight month of the

year
A28
BEELZEBUB
the Devil
A37
BRITISH
pert. to ancient
Britons
A50
BUTTER
OE. ancor, -er, ancra L. anc(h)ora Gr.

gkra
OE. antef(e)n L. antiphona for antiphna =
antiphon
OE. apostol L. apostolus Gr. apstolos =
one sent forth, f. apostllein, f. apo- +
stllein = place, make ready
OE. L. Augustus, f. base of augre =
increase; so named after the first Roman
emperor, Augustus Caesar
OE. Belzebub - L. Beelzebub, rendering Heb.
= lord of flies and Gr. Beelzebob of the N.T.
OE. Brettis, Brit-, Bryt-, f. Bret, pl. Brettas,
based on L. Britt (or OCelt. Britto or
Brittos)
OE. butere L. btrum Gr. botron
A56
CALTROP
(usu. pl.) name of

various plants that
A59 entangle the feet
CANDLE
A60
CANON
A61
CAP
rule, law (of the

Church)
OE. calcatrippe L. calcatrippa

OE. candel L. candla, -della, f. candre =
glisten
OE. canon L. cann Gr. kann = rule
OE. cppe L. cappa, poss. f. caput = head
A61
CHEESE
A72
CHERVIL
food made of
pressed curds
garden herb
A73
box, coffer
CHEST
A73
COCKLE
A82
COOK
plant growing
among corn
preparer of food
OE. se, ese, se L. cseus

OE. erfille, -felle L. chrephylla, -um
Gr. khairphullon
OE. est, ist L. cista Gr. kst = box,
chest
OE. coccul, -el L. cocculus, f. coccus,
earlier coccum = kermes Gr. kkkos
OE. cc L. ccus, for coquus
A96
COPPER
metal of reddish
colour
copor, coper L. cuprum, for cyprium (s) =

(metal) of Cyprus; so named from its most
noted ancient source
OE. culter L. culter = knife, plough-share
hooded garment
worn by religious
OE. cug(e)le, cle L. cuculla, f. cucullus =

hood of a cloak
OE. crda L. crd = I believe
curly
OE. crisp, crips L. crispus = curled
A97
COULTER
A100
COWL
A101
CREED
A104
CRISP
A105
OE. cuppe L. cuppa, var. of cpa = tub
CUP
A108
DEACON
A113
the supreme spirit

of evil; malignant
being
DEVIL
A122 , B122
DISCIPLE
A127
ET CETERA
A156
wrong; untrue,
deceitful; spurious
FALSE
A165
FAN
A165
instrument for
winnowing grain
FENNEL
A169
FEVER
OE. diacon diconus Gr. dikonos =

servant, messenger, Christian minister
OE dofol L. diabolus Gr. dibolos =
prop. accuser, slanderer, f. diabllein =
slander, traduce, f. di = across + bllein =
throw
OE. discipul L. discipulus = learner, f.
discere = learn
OE. L., et = and, ctera = the rest, n. pl. of
cterus = remaining over
OE. fals adj. in false ewihta = wrong
weights, falspening = counterfeit penny L.
falsus adj. and falsum n. sb., prop. pp. of
fallere = deceive
OE. fann L. vannus
OE. finugl, finule fem., fenol, finul m. L.
fnuclum, -oclum of fniculum, dim. of
fnum = hay
OE. ffor m. L. febris fem., of obscure orig.
A170
FEVERFEW
A170
FIDDLE
FORK
stringed musical
instrument played
A170 with a bow
pronged
OE. feferfuge L. febrifuga, -fugia, f. febris

= fever + fugre = drive away
OE. fiele L. vidula, fidula, vitula
OE. forca, force L. furca = pitchfork,
instrument for
digging
one who cleanses
and thickenes
cloth by treading
A184 or beating
first book of the
O.T.; (mode of)
origin (7th)
forked stake
A179
FULLER
GENESIS
OE. fullere L. full or fullre
L. Gr. gnesis = generation, creation,

nativity, f. gen-, base of ggnesthai = be born
or produced
A191
GREEK
native of Greece
A200
HUN
A222
native
INBORN
OE. Grcas L. Grcus (applied by the

Romans to the people who called themselves
Hellnes) Gr. Graiks
OE. (pl.) Hne, Hnas L. Hunn, Hn, Gr.
Hounnoi Sogdian wn
OE. inboren L. inntus = innate
A231
INCH
A232
INDIA
twelfth part of a
foot
OE. yne L. uncia = twelfth part
OE. India, Indea L. Gr. Inda, f. Inds =

the river Indus Pers. hind
OE. in g. pl. Israela folc L. Isrl Heb. =
A243
he that striveth with God (patriarch Jacob)
the Founder of
not used in OE., in which it was rendered by
Christianity
Hlend = Saviour, in ME repr. L. Iss, obl.
cases Is Gr. Isous, Isou Heb. or
A247
Aramaic
seize, hold, watch OE. cpan, pt. cpte, of which no cogns. are
(for); pay regard
known; its sense-development has been infl.
A251 to, observe
by its being used to render L. servre
OE. Centis, f. Cent L. Cantium, Gr.
Kntion, f. OCelt. kanto- = rim, border; white
A233
ISRAEL
JESUS , JESU
KEEP
KENTISH
A252
KITCHEN
A253
LILY
OE. cyene L. cocna, pop. var. of coquna,

f. coquere = cook
OE. lilie L. llium
A266
flax; flax thread or OE. ln L. lnum = flax, rel. to Gr. lnon, Ir.
cloth
ln, Lith. lina
LINE 2
cord, string; string, OE. lne = rope, line, series, rule L. lnea
A267 row, series
LOBSTER
OE. loppestre, lopystre, lopustre L. locusta
A269
= crustacean, locust
LUCIFER
morning star;
OE. L. lcifer, f. lx, lc- = light + -fer =
A272 Satan
bearing (ferre = carry, bear)
MALLOW
plant of genus
OE. mealuwe, -(e)we L. malva, rel. to Gr.
A278 Malva
malkh, molkh
MANDRAGORA
plant of S. Europe OE. L. mandragora Gr. mandragras
and the East
having emetic and
LINE
A267
A279
MASS
narcotic properties
Eucharistic service
A284
MASTER
A284
MAT
A284
MILE
A293
MILL
A293
MINSTER
man having
control or
authority; teacher
piece of coarse
fabric of plaited
fibre
Roman measure of
1,000 paces
estimated at 1,618
yards; unit of
measure derived
from this, viz.
1,760 yards in
English-speaking
countries
bulding fitted with
apparatus for
grinding corn
monastery;
church originating
in a monastic
establishment;
large church
OE. msse, messe L. missa, f. pp. stem

miss- of mittere = send, send away
OE. mister, maister L. magistrum,
nom. magister, usu. referred to magis = more
OE. m(e)atte L. matta
OE. ml fem. ml(l)ia, pl. of ml(l)e =
thousand
OE. mylen m. and fem. mulino, -ina, for

molnus, -na, -num, f. and repl. mola =
grindstone, mill
OE. mynster L. monisterium for
monastrium = monastery
A294
aromatic plant
MINT
OE. minte L. ment(h)a Gr. mnth
A294
MONK
A299
bivalve mollusc
MUSSEL
A305
NOON
ninth hour of the

day reckoned from
sunrise, 3 p.m.;
A314 office of nones
NUN
A316
OCTOBER
PALL
PALM
tenth (formerly
eighth) month of
A320 the year
(arch.) cloth, esp.
rich cloth; (arch.)
A331 robe, mantle
tree of the (chiefly
tropical) family
Palmae: leaf or
branch of a palm
OE. munuc L. monicus for monachus Gr.

mnakhos, sb. use of adj. single, solitary, f.
mnos = alone
OE. mus(c)le, muxle L. muscula, alt. f.
musculus, dim. of ms = mouse
OE. nn L. nna, fem. sg. of nnus = ninth
OE. nunne L. nonna, fem. of nonnus =

monk, orig. titles given to elderly persons
OE. L. octber, -bris, f. oct = eight
OE. pll L. pallium = Greek mantle,
philosophers cloak
OE. palm(a), palme L. palma = palm (the
palmleaf was likened to the hand with the
fingers extended)
A332
L. pater noster = our Father, the first words

of the Lords prayer
OE. pere, peru L. pira, fem. sg. repl.
A341
pirum
(arch. or dial.) pea OE. pise, pl. pisan L. pisa, pl. pis, for
A341 plant or its seed
earlier pisum, pl. pisa Gr. pson, pl. psa
the Jewish Feast of OE. penteconsten acc. of L. Pentcost
Weeks; Christian
Gr. Pentkost, sb. use of fem. ordinal adj. of
feast observed on
pentkonta = fifty
the seventh
Sunday after
Easter,
A344 Whitsunday
OE. piper, -or L. piper Gr. pperi
PATERNOSTER
A340
PEAR
PEASE
PENTECOST
PEPPER
tree
the Lords Prayer
A345
PHARISEE
A349
PHOENIX
PILCH
PILE
mythical bird of
gorgeous plumage
living for centuries
in the Arabian
desert, then
burning itself to
ashes, from which
it emerged with
A350 renewed youth
outer garment of
skin dressed with
the hair or of
A352 woollen stuff
dart, shaft, spike
OE. fariseus L. pharsus, -us Gr.

pharsaios Aram.
OE. fenix L. phnix Gr. phonix
OE. pilee, pyl(e)e L. pellicia = cloak, for

pellicea, f. pellis = skin
OE. pl L. plum = javelin
A352
peg
PIN
A353
PINE
PINE
tree of the
coniferous genus
A353 Pinus
afflict, torment
OE. pinn L. pinna = applied to varous

objects likened to a wing or feather
OE. pn L. pnus
OE. pnian L. pna, pna
A353
hole in the ground
PIT
OE. pytt L. puteus = well, pit, shaft
A355
PITCH
PLASTER
PLUM
black or dark
resinuous
A355 substance
curative
application
cohesive to the
A356 skin
(fruit of) tree of
OE. pi L. pix, picOE. plaster L. plastrum, for emplastrum

Gr. mplastron, f. em- + plasts = daubed,
plastered, f. emplssein, f. em- + plssein =
fashion, form
OE. plme L. prna, orig. pl. of prnum =
A358
POPE
the genus Prunus

the Head of the
R.C.Ch.
A362
POPPY
A362
PORT
A362
POST
A363
POUND
A365
PRIME
A369
PROVOST
harbour, haven;
town having a
harbour
stout piece of
timber set upright
measure of weight;
English money of
account
earliest of the day
hours of the
Western Church
official set over
others
A375
PSALM
A376
PURPLE
PURSE
(orig.) of crimson
or other red
colour; (later) of a
colour obtained by
mixing red and
A379 blue
money-bag of
A379 leather, etc.
RADISH
plum
OE. ppa L. ppa = bishop Gr. ppas,
papas = bishop, patriarch, later form of
pppas = father
OE. pop, pap, later popi papg,
popg, for ppau L. papuum, alt. of
papver
OE. L. portus, rel. to porta
OE. L. postis, perh. f. por- = pro- + base of
stre = stand
OE. pund L. pond = pound weight, orig.
abl. of pondos, rel. to pondus = weight
OE. prm L. prma = (fem.) first
OE. profost, prafost L. prpositus, used
alongside prpositus, sb. use of pp. of
prpnere = place in front, set in authority, f.
pr- = pre-, pro- + pnere = place
OE. (p)s(e)alm L. psalmus Gr. psalms =
plucking with the fingers, sounding of the
harp, song sung to the harp, f. psllein =
pluck, sing to the harp
OE. purple, reduced and dissimilated form of
purpuran, obl. case of purpure = purple
clothing or garment L. purpura Gr.
porphr = shellfish that yielded the Tyrian
purple dye, dye itself, cloth dyed therewith
OE. purs L. bursa Gr. brsa = leather,
bag
OE. rdi L. rdx, rdc- = root
A386
ROSE
plant and flower of

the genus Rosa
marsh or waterside
A411 plant
seventh day of the
week observed by
Jews as a day of
A412 rest
large oblong bag
A412 open at one end
member of one of
the three Jewish
sects of the time of
Christ
A408
RUSH
SABBATH
SACK
SADDUCEE
OE. rse L. rosa, rel. obscurely to synon.

Gr. rhdon
OE. rys(e), possible connections in L. restis
OE. sabat L. sabbatum Gr. sbbaton
Heb. abbth, f. bath = rest
OE. sacc L. saccus = bag, sack, sackcloth
OE. sad(d)ucas L. Saddcus Gr.
Saddoukaios, f. Heb. = Zadok, the highest
priest of Davids time from whom the
priesthood of the Captivity and later periods
A413
SATAN
the Devil
A417
SATURDAY
seventh day of the

week
Italic god of
A418 agriculture
place or
establishment for
instruction; body
of teachers of a
subject in a
A422 university
(hist.) one of a
Gaelic-speaking
people first known
in Ireland, and
later settled in
north Britain
A423 (Scotland)
dish, trencher
A418
SATURN
SCHOOL
SCOT
SCUTTLE
claimed to be descended
OE. L. Satn (Vulg.) Gr. Satn Heb. =
adversary, plotter
OE. Stern(es)d, Sterd, tr. of L.
Sturn dis = day of (the planet) Saturn
OE. Sternes steorra L. Sturnus, poss. of
Etruscan orig.
OE. scl, scolu L. scla, for schola Gr.
skhol = leisure, employment of leisure in
disputation, lecture, school
OE. Scot, only in pl. Scottas L. Scottus
OE. sutel L. scutula or scutella, rel. to

scutra = dish, platter
the living creatures OE. seraphin, seraphim L. seraphim, -in
with six wings of
Heb.
Isaiah 6, in early
Christian
interpretation
taken to be a class
A430 of angels
box, chest;
OE. srn L. scrnium = case or chest for
repository for a
books or papers
A437 saints relics
OE. sicol, sicel L. sicila of secula, f. secre
A438
= cut
light shoe
OE. socc L. soccus Gr. skkhos, sukkhs
A425
SERAPHIM
SHRINE
SICKLE
SOCK
A447
fool
SOT
OE. sott L. sottus
A450
SOUTER
SPEND
(Sc. and north.)

shoemaker,
A451 cobbler
give or pay out
OE. stere L. stor = shoemaker, f. suere =

sew, stitch
OE. spendan L. expendere = expend
A453
sb.
SPONGE
A455
STOLE
(arch.) long robe;

vestment
consisting of a
narrow strip of
stuff worn over
OE. sponge L. spongia Gr. spoggi, f.

spggos, sphggos
OE. stole fem., stol n. L. stola Gr. stol =
equipment, clothing, garment, f. stol- stel- =
place, array, lead, send
and hanging from

the shoulders
paved road,
highway; road in a
A466 town or village
wax candle
A463
STREET
TAPER
OE. strt L. strta, sb. use of fem. pp. of

sternere = throw or lay down
OE. tapor, -er, -ur L. papyrus
A482
TILE
thin slab of burnt

clay for roofing,
A494 paving, etc.
OE. tiele (tiule) L. tgula, f. IE. tg- =

cover
OE. truht L. tructa
TROUT
A507
large cask
TUN
OE. tunne L. tunna
A508
TURN
TURNIP
TYMPAN
vb. of extensive
OE. tyrnan, turnian L. tornre, f. tornus =
sense-development lathe Gr. trnos = lathe, circular movement,
the basic notions
taken to be cogn. with terere = rub
of which are
rotation and
deviation from a
A509 course
turnep(e), the first el. is unexpl.; the second
A509
is neep OE. np L. npus = turnip
tympanum
OE. timpana L. tympanum = tympanum
A511
VENUS
VERSE
ancient Roman
goddess of beauty
A523 and love
metrical line;
versicle
A524
VIRAGO
WALL
WICK
name given by
Adam to Eve, after
the use in Vulg.
A527 Gen. 2:23
rampart; defensive
structure enclosing
a town, etc.; lateral
or vertical division
A532 of a building
dwelling; (dial.)
town, hamlet
A541
WINE
L. Venus (goddess of the ancient Romans) =

venus, vener- = love
OE. fers L. versus = turn of the plough,
furrow, row, line of writing, verse, f. vers-,
pp. stem of vertere = turn
L. virg, obscurely f. vir = man
OE. wall, weall L. vallum = rampart, orig.

palisading, f. vallus = stake
OE. wc L. vcus = row of houses, quarter

of a town, street, village, cogn. with Gr. oikos
= house
OE. wn L. vnum, rel. to Gr. = wine
A542
ZION, SION
one of the hills of

Jerusalem on
which the city of
David was built;
(hence) house of
OE. Sion L. Sin, Gr. Sen, Sein Heb.
God, the Christian

Church, place of
A551 worship
2. Middle English Loanwords

APOSTLE
A19
BEELZEBUB
the Devil
A37
CALTROP
A59
JESUS , JESU
JOHN
PILLOW
star-thistle Trapa
natans
the Founder of
Christianity
ME. apostel L. apostolus Gr. apstolos =

one sent forth, f. apostllein, f. apo- + stllein
= place, make ready
ME. Beelzebub, rendering Heb. = lord of flies
and Gr. Beelzebob of the N.T.
ME. calketrappe L. calcatrippa
in ME. usu. written in full, but almost always

in the abbreviated Gr. forms ihu(s), ihs, etc,;
repr. L. Iss, obl. cases Is Gr. Isous,
A246
Isou Heb. or Aramaic
one of the
ME. Io(ha)n, Ihon, Iohn, John L. Ianns
commonest Jewish N.T. Gr. Inns Heb.
and Christian
A248 names
ME. pilwe OE. pylw-, obl. stem of pyle,
A353
later pylu L. pulvnus = cushion, bolster
3. The Eleventh Century

CASTLE
A65 , B75
castellum, dim. of castrum = entrenchment,

fortified place, fort
clricus = cleric
ordained minister
of the Church
PILE
pointed stake or
plum = javelin
post, esp. for
driving into soft
ground for support
A353 of a structure
SEPTEMBER
ninth month of the September, f. septem = seven
year, formerly
seventh month of
the year beginning
A429 , B447 in March
WICK
farm
vcus = row of houses, quarter of a town,
A541
street, village, cogn. with Gr. oikos = house
CLERK
A79
4. The Twelfth Century

mn Gr. mn Heb. mn = certainty,
truth
angelus Gr. ggelos = messenger
AMEN
A13
ANGEL
A16 , B12
dependent
A68 , B79 religious house
creed
CELL
CREDO
cella = store-room, chamber, small apartment,

rel. to clre = conceal
1st pers. pres. sg. ind. of crdere = believe
A104
JUNE
A249 , B241
take care of, guard
KEEP
A251
midday meal
NOON
A314
PIER
SHINGLE
TRIFORIUM
VERSE
one of the
supports of the
A352 spans of a bridge
piece of wood
used as a house
A435 tile
(archit.) gallery in
the wall over the
arches at the side
of nave and choir
(taken up by
antiquaries in the
A504 18th cent.)
section of a psalm
or canticle
A524
Inius, var. of Innius = sacred to the

goddess Juno
OE. cpan, pt. cpte, of which no cogns. are
nna, fem. sg. of nnus = ninth (orig. ninth
hour of the day reckoned from sunrise, 3 p.m)
AL. pera or pra
scindula, later form of scandula after Gr.
skhdax, skhindalms
AL.
versus = turn of the plough, furrow, row, line

of writing, verse, f. vers-, pp. stem of vertere
= turn
5. The Thirteenth Century

f. after- + noon; cf. late L. post-meridiem
AFTERNOON
A8
ecclL. allluia Gr. allloia
ALLELUIA
A11
(eccl.) linen
amicia, amisia, f. amictus = outer garment,
vestment covering cloak
neck and
A14
shoulders
ANNIVERSARY
anniversrius, f. annus = year + versus =
A17
turning, f. vertere = turn
BARNACLE
wild goose (Anas bernaca,-eca
A34 leucopsis)
BREVE
brevis = short
AMICE
A49
BUGLE
A53
BURSAR
plant of the genus

Ajuga
treasurer
bugula
central portion of
the Mass
chief, principal
cann Gr. kann = rule
bursrius, f. bursa = purse
A55
CANON
A61
CARDINAL
cardinlis, f. card, cardin- = hinge
A63
CATMINT
CHIME
the plant Nepeta

cataria, which
A66 attracts cats
cymbal
f. cat + mint, after herba catti, h. cataria

cymbalum = cymbal
A74
plant Potentilla
reptans, with
leaves of five
A77 leaflets
CIRCUMSTANCE
(pl.) adjuncts of
A77 , B489 an action
CINQUEFOIL
quinquefolium, f. quinque = five + folium =

leaf
circumstantia, f. prp. of circumstre = stand
around, surround, f. circum- + stre = stand
learned man,
scholar
COBLE
(Sc.) boat used
esp. for salmonfishing, sea
A82 fishing-boat
COLLECT
(liturg.) short
prayer, varying
with the day or
A84 , B257 season
COOP
basket
CLERK
clricus = cleric
A79
AL. cobellum, poss. of Celtic orig.
collcta = collection, sb. use of fem. pp. of

colligere = collect
cpa, also cpa = tun, barrel
A96
pointless sword
used at English
coronations
CURTANA
A109
DIRGE
A126
DOLPHIN
A132
DYSENTERY
A139 , B136
EPISTLE
A152
FRANKLIN
A181
FRY
A184
GLORIA
A195
INCEST
A232
INTERVAL
A240 , A532
JULY
A249 , B241
JUPITER
A248 , A250
MASTER
AL. curtna = fem. AN. curtain, OF.

cortain, naame of Rolands sword, so called
because it had broken at the point when
thrust into a block of steel, f. cort, curt =
short
office of matins
(dirige) - imper. of drigere (direct); the first
for the dead
word of the L. antiphon to the first psalm in
the office: Dirige, Domine, Deus meus, in
conspectu tuo viam meam! = Direct, O Lord
my God, my way in thy sight!
delphnus Gr. delphs, -n-, dalphyn OF.
daulphin
inflammation of
dysenteria Gr. dusenter, f. dusnteros, f.
the large intestine dys- + ntera = bowels
apostolic letter of epistola Gr. epistol, f. epistllein = send,
the N.T.
f. epi- + stllein = send
landholder of free AL. franclnus, f. franclis, f. francus =
but not noble birth free, frank
offspring; young frium ON. fro, frj = seed
of fish
short for the liturgical Gloria Patri (et Filio
et Spiritui Sancto) = Glory be to the Father
(and to the Son and to the Holy Ghost),
Gloria in excelsis Deo = Glory to God in the
highest, and Gloria tibi Domine = Glory be
to thee, O Lord
incestus, or incestum, sb. use of n. of
incestus = impure, unchaste, f. in- + castus =
chaste
period between
intervallum, f. inter- + vallum = rampart,
two events
orig. pallisading, f. vallus = stake
Ilius, so named after Julius Caesar, who
was born in this month
supreme deity of
in earliest use Iubiter; corr. to Skr. dyas
the ancient
pit = heaven father
Romans; largest
of the planets
title of rank or
magistrum, nom. magister, usu. referred to
A284
NOON
A314
PATERNOSTER
A340
PILLORY
A353
PINE
A353
PIT
A355
PRIME
A369
PROCURATOR
A371 , B111
RHINOCEROS
A403
ROMAN
A407 , B427
SECULAR
A427
SIBYL
SPEND
compliment
midday
magis = more
nna, fem. sg. of nnus = ninth (orig. ninth
hour of the day reckoned from sunrise, 3
p.m)
rosary, or a bead
pater noster = our Father, the first words of
of this
the Lords prayer
sb.
sb. AL pillorium OF. pilori, pillori,
pellori Pr. espilori
cause to languish pna, pna
or waste away
hell; hollow in a
puteus = well, pit, shaft
surface
(arch.) first hour
prma = first
of the day
orig. form of
prcrtor = manager, agent, deputy,
proctor, surviving collector in a province, f. prcrre =
in Sc. p. fiscal,
procure
public prosecutor
of a district
rhnocers Gr. rhnkers, f. rhs, rhn- =
nose + kras = horn
pert. to ancient
Rmnus, f. Rma = Rome
Rome
sb. secular cleric
sculris, f. sculum = generation, age
woman
Sibilla, Sibylla, Sibulla Gr. Sbulla
possessing powers
A438 , B458 of divination
use, use up
expendere = expend
A453
condition; status,
(high) rank
TESTAMENT
covenant between
God and man;
each of the two
divisions of the
Holy Scripture or
A488 Bible
TRANSLATE
remove from one
place to another;
turn from one
language into
A501 another
TRANSMIGRATION removal of the
Jews into
captivity at
A501 Babylon
TUN
tub, vat, etc.
STATE
A459
A508
status = manner of standing, condition, f.

base of stre = stand
testmentum, f. testr = bear witness, make
a will, f. testis = witness
transltus, functioning as pp. of transferre =

transfer, f. trans- + ferre = carry, bear
transmigrti, -n- = change of country, f.

transmigrre, prob. based on mei-, change
OE. tunne L. tunna, prob. of Gaul. orig.
VENITE
invitatory psalm
at matins
venery; (astron.)
second planet in
distance from the
A523 sun
metrical
composition
vente, imper. pl. of venre = come
A522
VENUS
VERSE
A524
Venus (goddess of the ancient Romans) =

versus = turn of the plough, furrow, row,
line of writing, verse, f. vers-, pp. stem of
vertere = turn
6. The Fourteenth Century

A
ABSOLUTE
free from
imperfection or
A2 qualification
absoltus = freed, pp. of absolvere =

absolve, free, f. ab- + solvere = solve
ABSTRACT
A2 , B542
ACACIA
A3
ACCIDENCE
adj. abstractus, pp. of abstrahere = to draw

away, f. abs- + trahere = draw
acacia - Gr. akaka
ACT
ctus = doing, f. ct, pp. stem of agere = do
part of grammar
dealing with
A3 inflexions
deed
accidentia, n. pl. of accidns = accident,

taken as fem. sg.
A4
actus, pp. of acuere = sharpen
ACUTE
A5
ADD
ADJURE
ADMINISTER
ADMIT
unite, say in
addere, f. ad- + base of facere = do
addition, perform
the arithmetical
A5 process of addition
put (one) to his
adirre, f. ad- + is, ir- = oath
A5 oath
administrre = to minister, f. ad- +
B301
ministrre = serve
let in
admittere, f. ad- + mittere = send
A6
AFFLICT
A7
bone-setting
ALGEBRA
A10
soda ash
ALKALI
A11
ALMANAC
A12
afflictre or f. afflict-, pp. stem of afflgere, f.

af- + flgere = strike
algebra Arab. al-jabr (jabr = reunion of
broken parts)
L. Arab. al-kily = calcined ashes, f. kal =
fry, roast
almanac(h) (Roger Bacon, 1267)
liliaceous genus of
plants with bitter
juice, whence is
A12 made a drug
ALOE
alo Gr. al = plant and drug
alpecia Gr. alpek, f. alpx, alpek- =

fox
altitd, f. altus = high
ALOPECIA
A12
ALTITUDE
A12
AMAZON
one of a race of
female warriors
A13
oval or circular
building round an
A14 arena
two-handed
vessel; liquid
A14 measure
mystical
AMPHITHEATRE
AMPHORA
ANAGOGIC
A15
ANIMAL
Amazn Gr. Amazn, -nos, expl. by the

Greeks as meaning breastless, f. a- + mazs
= breast
amphithetrum Gr. amphithtron
L. Gr. amphores = lit. born on both sides,
f. amphi- + phor-, pher- = bear
anaggicus Gr. anaggiks, f. anagg =
elevation, mystical sense, f. angein = lift up,
elevate
animlis, f. anima = breath, life
A17 , B13
ANTARCTIC
A17 , B17
ANTECEDENT
A18 , B78
ANTHRAX
A18
APPREHEND
A20 , B390
APRIL
A20
APT
A21
ARAB
A21
ARTERY
A23
ASAFOETIDA
carbuncle
antarcticus Gr. antarktiks = opposite to

the north
antecdns, -ent-, prp. of antecdere, f. ante+ cdere = go, cede
L. Gr. nthrax = coal, carbuncle
apprehendere, f. ap- + prehendere = seize
Aprlis, prop. adj.
aptus, pp. of apere = fasten
Arab(u)s Gr. raps, Arab- Arab = arab
artria Gr. artr, prob. f. base ar- = raise
resinous gum with

a strong smell
A24
ASCEND
L. = lit.stinking asa, i.e. asa (from Persian

az = mastic) + ftida, fem. of ftidus, f.
ftre = stink
ascendere, f. ad- + scandere = climb
A24
ASIAN
Asinus Gr. Asins

A24
aspectus, f. aspect-, pp. stem of aspicere =

look at, f. ad- + specere = look
asphalton, -um Gr. sphalton, -os
ASPECT
A24
ASPHALT
A25
ASSOCIATE
A25
pp. joined in
function or status
associtus, pp. of associre, f. as- + socius =

sharing, allied
ATTRITION
(theol.) imperfect
contrition
Roman religious
official with duty
of foretelling
A28 future events
dawn
A28
AUGUR
AURORA
attrti, -n-, f. attrt-, pp. stem of atterere, f.

at- + terere = rub
f. base of augre = increase
aurra
A28
autumnus
AUTUMN
A29
axis = axle
AXIS
A29
arc extending from L. Arab. as-sumt, i.e. al- + sumt, pl. of

zenith to horizon
samt = point of the compass
AZIMUTH
A30
B
BANNS
A33
BASILISK
proclamation of
marriage
fabulous reptile
pl. of ban, after pl. banna
vb. drink, tipple
bibere = drink
A34
BASIS
basiliscus Gr. basilskos, dim. of basiles =

king
L. Gr. bsis = step, pedestal
A34
BIB
A40
BRITISH
pert. to Great
Britain
inflamed swelling
A52 in groin or armpits
cask for wine, etc.
Britt or OCelt. Britto, Brittos
A50
BUBO
BUTT
bub, -n- = swelling Gr. boubn = groin,

swelling in groin
AL. butta, bota AN., OF.
A56
C
CANCER
CANON
zodiacal
constellation of the
A60 Crab
books of the Bible
accepted as
A61 authentic
CANOPY
A61
(arch.) seizure,
arrest
CASTOR
beaver, unctuous
substance obtained
from the beaver
A65 , B75 (used as a drug)
CATHOLIC
universal
CAPTION
cancer = crab Gr. karknos = crab

canopeum, for cnpum = net over a bed
Gr. knpeion = Egyptian bed with mosquito
curtains, f. knps = gnat, mosquito
capti, -n-, f. capere, capt- = take, seize
A62
castor Gr. kstr
catholicus Gr. katholiks = general,

universal, f. kat = in respect of + hlos =
A66 , B76
corrosive
CAUSTIC
A67 , B77
CELL
small dwelling or
apartment; cavity
A68 , B79 in an organism
cmtrium Gr. koimtrion = dormitory,

burialground, f. koiman = put to sleep
centaurus Gr. kntauros
CEMETERY
A68
CENTAUR
CENTAURY
CESSATION
whole
causticus Gr. kaustiks = capable of
burning, f. kausts = combustible
cella = store-room, chamber, small
apartment, rel. to clre = conceal
fabulous creature,
half man, half
A68 horse
plant the medicinal centauria,-ea, f. centaurion, -um Gr.
properties of which kentar(e)ion, f. kntauros = centaur
were said to have
been discovered by
A68 Chiron the centaur
cesst, -n-, f. pp. stem of cessre = cease
A69
CHAMELEON
A70
distinctive mark
CHARACTER
A71 , B81
CIRCUMSTANCE
condition of
affairs; formality,
ceremony;
accessory matter,
A77 , B489 detail
CLARION
kind of trumpet
chamlen Gr. khamailn, f. khama = on

the ground + ln = lion
charactr Gr. kharaktr = instrument for
marking, impress, dinstinctive nature, f.
kharssein = scratch, engrave
circumstantia, f. prp. of circumstre = stand
around, surround, f. circum- + stre = stand
clri, -n-, f. clrus = clear
A78
one under the

protection of a
A79 patron
COACERVATION
heaping together
CLIENT
A81
COLANDER
clins, client-, earlier cluns, sb. use of prp.

of cluere, clure = hear, listen
coacervti, -n-, f. coacervre, f. co- +
acervus = heap
clre = strain
A84
COLLATERAL
A84
situated or existing
side by side
COLLUSION
A85 , B274
COLOPHONY
A85
COLOSSUS
dark or ambercoloured resin

gigantic statue
collaterlis, f. col- + laterlis, f. latus, later= side

collsi, -n-, f. colldere, colls- = have a
secret agreement, f. col- + ldere = play, f.
ldus = play, sport
(rsna) colophnia = resin of Colophon, a
town in Lydia
colossus Gr. kolosss
A85
COMMEND
give in trust or
charge; approve
conduct or
A86 character of
commendre, f. com- + mandre = commit,

entrust
(one) who eats at

the same table
(eccl.) officer
representing
A86 another
entrust
COMMENSAL
commenslis, f. com- + mensa = table
A86
COMMISARY
COMMIT
A86
COMMON WEAL ,
COMMONWEAL
A87
COMPACT
A87
COMPEL
the body politic,

state, community
closely packed or
knit together
constrain
commissrius = officer in charge, f.

commiss-, pp. stem of committere = commit
committere = join, join (battle), practise,
perpetrate, place with another for safety,
entrust, f. com- + mittere = put, send
rendering rs commnis
compactus, pp. of compingere = put closely
together, f. com- + pangere = fasten
compellere, f. com- + pellere = drive
A88
accomplishment,
consummation
COMPLETE
entire, finished,
A88 , B376 perfect
COMPLEMENT
A88
COMPREHEND
A89 , B390
COMPRESS
A89 , B390
CONCLUDE
press together
enclose, include;
bring or come to a
close, settlement,
decision; infer,
A90 prove
CONCRETE
united,
composite; opp. to
A90 , B106 abstract
CONFEDERATE
leagued, allied
A91
discomfited,
confounded
meeting, assembly;
orig. in biblical
language, in O.T.
assembly of
A92 , B195 Israelites
CONFUSED
A91 , B175
CONGREGATION
CONSANGUINITY
A92
CONSTRUE
CONSUL
CONSUME
complmentum, f. complre = fill up, finish,

fulfil, f. com- + plnus = full
compltus, pp. of complre = fill up, finish,
comprehendere, f. com- + prehendere = seize
compressre, or f. pp. stem compress- of
comprimere
concldere, f. con- + claudere = shut
concrtus, pp. of concrscere = grow

together, f. con- + crscere = grow
confdertus, f. con- + fder- crude form of
fdus = a treaty
confsus, pp. of confundere = pour together,
confound
congregti, -n-, f. congregre = gather
consanguinits, f. consanguineus = of the

same blood, f. con- + sanguis, sainguin- =
blood
construere, f. con- + struere = build
(gram.) analyse the

construction of;
A94 expound, interpret
supreme magistrate consul - related to consultre, frequent. f.
in the ancient
consult-, pp. stem of consulere = take
A94 Roman republic
counsel
consmere, f. con- + smere = take
A94
CONTAGION
A94
CONTEMPT
A94
CONTINGENT
A95
CONVENTICLE
A96
CONVICT
A96
CONVOCATION
A96
CORDIAL
A97
contagious disease, contgi, -n-, f. con- + base of tangere =

infecting influence touch
contemptus, f. contempt-, pp. stem of
contemnere = contemn
liable to happen
contingns, -ent-, prp. of contingere = be
contiguous, in connection or in contact,
befall
meeting,
conventiculum = (place of) assembly, in form
assembly, esp. of a dim. of conventus = meeting
clandestine or
illegal kind, at first
political, later
religious
prove guilty
f. convict-, pp. stem of convincere =
convince
convocti, -n-, f. con- + vocre = call
pert. to the heart;

sb.
CORNEA
(anat.) horny
covering of the
A98 eyeball
CORPORAL
bodily; corporeal,
A98 , B101 material
CORPULENT
material, gross;
A98 bulky of body
CORPUS
pl. corpora, body
cordilis, f. cor, cord- = heart

short for cornea tla or tunica = horny tissue
or coating, f. corn = horn
corporlis, f. corpus = body
corpulentus, f. corpus = body
corpus = body
A98
vb.
CORRECT
A98
CORRODE
f. correct-, pp. stem of corrigere, f. cor- +

regere = lead straight, direct
corrdere, f. cor- + rdere = gnaw
A99
as pp. corrupted;
unsound, rotten,
A99 , B431 debased, venal
wrinkled, rippled
CORRUPT
CRISP
corruptus, pp. of corrumpere = destroy, ruin,

falsify, seduce, f. cor- + rumpere = break
crispus = curled
A405
in a raw state
CRUDE
crdus = raw, rough, cruel
A106
CUBIT
forearm; measure
of length derived
A107 from this
CUPID
A108
CURATE
A108
(arch.) one having

the cure of souls
cubitum = elbow, distance from the elbow to

the finger-tips
Cupd, personification of cupd = desire, f.
cupere = desire, long for
crtus, f. cra = cure
D
date (fruit);
DACTYL
A111
dactylus Gr. dktulos = finger, date, dactyl
DAFFODIL
DAMASCENE
(pros.) the foot

asphodel; plant
of the genus
A111 Narcissus
pert. to the city of
Damascus, famous
for its steel and its
silk fabrics; also
A111 sb.
affodillus, prob. a book-perversion of

asfodillus, var. of aspohodilus, -elus =
asphodel
Damascnus Gr. Damaskns, f. Damasks
Sem. name
damascnum = plum of Damascus
DAMSON
A112
manifest; state
publicly or
A115 explicitly
DECOCTION
liquor in which a
substance has been
A115 , B99 boiled
DELEGATE
person chosen to
A117 act for another
DELICATE
delightful,
elegant, dainty;
indolent,
fastidious
A117 , B119
DECLARE
DESK
DESOLATE
DESTITUTE
dcocti, -n-, f. pp. stem of dcoquere =

boil down, f. de- + coquere = cook
dlgtus, pp. of dlgre, f. de- + lgre =
send on a commission
dlictus = luxurious, rel. to delicia =
pleasure, delight, f. delicere = amuse, allure,
f. de- + lacere = entice
desca, prob. based on Pr. desc(a) = basket or

It. desco = table, butchers block L. discus
A121
= quoit, dish, disc
left alone; deserted dsltus, pp. of dslre = abandon, f. de- +
A121
slus = alone
abandoned,
dstittus = forsaken, pp. of dstituere, f. deA121 forsaken, forlorn
+ statuere = set up, place
diabolicus, f. diabolus = devil
DIABOLIC
A123 , B122
DIAPASON
A123
DIATESSARON
A123
(mus.) octave
(mus.) interval of
a fourth
DIFFICULT
A124
DIGEST
dclrre = make clear, f. de- + clrre, f.

clrus = clear
methodical or
systematic
A124 compendium
DIMISSORY
diapsn Gr. diapson, i.e. dia pson =

through all (the notes)
diatessarn, f. Gr. dia tessrn = through, i.e.
composed of, four (tssares = four)
back-formation from difficulty difficults,
f. dif- + facults = faculty
dgesta = matters methodically arranged, n.
pl. of dgestus, pp. of dgerere = divide,
distribute, digest, f. di- + gerere = carry
dmissrius, f. dmiss-, pp. stem of dmittere
A125
address (a letter or
message)
DIRECT
A126
DISCONSOLATE
A127
DISCOURSE
reasoning
drectus, pp. of drigere, d- = straighten,

direct, guide, f. di-, de- + regere = put
straight, rule
disconsltus, f. dis- + consltus, pp. of
conslr = console
discursus = running to and fro, intercourse,
A127
DISCRETE
A127
DISCUSS
A127
DISSOLVE
A129
DISTEMPER
A129
DISTEND
A129
DISTIL (L )
A129
DINSTINCT
argument, f. discurs-, pp. stem of discurrere

= run to and fro, speak at length, f. dis- +
currere = run
distinct, separate
discrtus, pp. of discernere = separate,
discern
investigate,
f. discuss-, pp. stem of discutere = dash to
decide; dispel,
pieces, disperse, dispel, in Rom. investigate,
disperse
f. dis- + quatere = shake
loosen the parts of, dissolvere, f. dis- + solvere = loosen, solve
spec. melt, fuse,
diffuse in liquid;
release from life;
undo
disturb or
distemperre, f. dis- + temperre =
derange the
proportion or mingle duly, temper
condition of; put
out of humour;
derange the
physical or bodily
condition of
stretch out or
distendere, f. dis- + tendere = stretch, extend
apart
(let) fall in minute distillre, for dstillre, f. de- + stillre, f.
drops; vaporize by stilla = drop
heat and condense;
also intr.
distinctus, pp. of distinguere = distinguish
A129
DISTRACT
draw away or in
f. distract-, pp. stem of distrahere, f. dis- +
different directions trahere = draw, drag
dvidere = cleave, apportion, separate, f. di- +
A130
videre = see
short for intestinum duodenum digitorum = of
twelve digits, f. duodn, distributive of
A138
duodecim = twelve
A129
DIVIDE
DUODENUM
E
ECHINUS
(zool.) sea-urchin
L. Gr. ekhinos = hedgehog, sea-urchin
sb.
ch Gr. kh, cf. khe, ekhos = noise
pert. to an eclipse;
sb. great circle of
the celestial
sphere, the
apparent orbit of
the sun, so called
because eclipses
happen only when
the moon is on or
eclpticus Gr. ekleiptiks, f. eklepein = be

eclipsed, f. ek = out, away, ex- + lepein =
leave
A141
ECHO
A141 , B138
ECLIPTIC
A141
very near this line

EDEN
abode of Adam
A142 and Eve
EDIFICATION
building up the
church, of the soul
in holiness; mental
or moral
A142 improvement
EFFEMINATE
A142
ELECAMPANE
A144
ELECTUARY
A144
ELIXIR
A145
EMBOLISM
A146
ENCAENIA
A147
EPISTLE
composite plant,
Inula helenium
medicinal
conserve or paste
alchemists
preparation for
changing metals to
gold or prolonging
life
intercalation of a
day or days in a
calendar
dedication (of a
temple)
(gen.) letter
A152
EQUAL
den, Gr. dn Heb. dhen = delight

dificti, -n-, f. dificre = build
effmintus, pp. of effminre = make

feminine, f. ef- + fmina = woman
enula campna, i.e. enula for inula Gr.
helnion, and campna = of the fields
lecturium Gr. ekleiktn, f. eklekhein =
lick up
L. Arab. al-iksr, perh. f. al- + Gr. xrion =
desiccative powder for wounds, f. xrs =
dry
embolismus Gr. embolisms, f. embllein =
throw in, insert, f. em- + bllein = throw
L. Gr. egkania n. pl. = festival of renewal,
f. en- + kains = new
epistola Gr. epistol, f. epistllein = send, f.
epi- + stllein = send
qulis, f. quus = level, even
A152
EQUINOX
A153
upright
ERECT
A154
therefore
ERGO
A154
EXCEPT
pp. excepted;
prep. if one leaves
A159 out of account
quinoctium, -noxium, f. qui- = equi- +

nox, noct- = night
rectus, pp. of rigere = set up, f. e- + regere
= direct
L. as prep. = in consequence of , absol.
consequently
exceptus, pp. of excipere, f. ex- + capere =
take
excldere, f. ex- + claudere = shut
EXCLUDE
A159
EXORCISM
expulsion of an
evil spirit by
A160 adjuration, etc.
exorcismus Gr. exorkisms, f. exorkzein, f.

ex- + hrkos = oath
expellere, f. ex- + pellere = drive, thrust
EXPEL
A161
EXTEND
A162
EXTRAVAGANT
stretch out
extendere, f. ex- + tendere = strech, tend
epithet of certain
papal decrees not
contained in
particular
prp. of extrvagr, f. extra- + vagr =

wander
A162
collections
instrument for
agitating the air
(poet.) temple
OE. fann L. vannus
A165
ancient rural deity
Faunus = god or demi-god worshipped by

shepherds and farmers and identified with
Pan; perh. rel. to favre = be favourable
ficti, -n-, f. fict-, pp. stem of fingere =
fashion
AL. finilis, f. fin, fnis = end
F
FAN
FANE
fnum
A166
FAUN
A167 , B154
FICTION
A170
FINIAL
something
feigned, invention
adj. final; sb.
(archit.) terminal
ornament of an
A172 apex or corner
FLAGITIOUS
A173
FLAMEN
supposed grade
of priest in
A173 heathen Britain
FLUVIAL
A176
FOETUS
A177
FORK
divergence into
branches,
A179 bifurcation
flgitisus, f. flgitium = noisy protest against

a persons conduct, scandal, shameful act,
crime, f. flgitre = demand earnestly or
vociferously
flmen
fluvilis, f. fluvius = river, based on fluere =
flow
ftus = giving birth, young offspring, abstr.
sb. parallel to adj. ftus = pregnant,
productive
furca = pitchfork, forked stake
G
GALBANUM
gum resin from

species of ferula
the twins Castor
A191 and Pollux
L. Gr. khalbn, of Sem. orig.
A187
GEMINI
GENTIAN
A191
GENTILE
A192
GEOMANCY
A192
GIBBOUS
A193
GLEBE
A195
L., pl. of geminus = double, twin
gentina, so called, acc. to Pliny, after

Gentius, a king of Illyria
non-Jewish,
gentlis = of the same family or nation,
pagan
heathen, pagan, f. gns, gent- = race, people
divination from
gemanta, f. ge = earth + mancy, f. manta
signs derived from Gr. mante = divination
the earth
convex; humpgibbsus, f. gibbus = hump
backed
soil, earth; field;
glba, glba = clod, land, soil
portion of land
attached to a
benefice
glossrium, f. glssa = gloss
GLOSSARY
A195
GREEK
language of
Greece; adj.
A201
ascetic Hindu
philosopher who
wore little or no
A206 clothing
GYMNOSOPHIST
Grcus (applied by the Romans to the people

who called themselves Hellnes) Gr.
Graiks
pl. gymnosophist Gr. gumnosophista, f.
gumns = gymno- + sophists = sophist
H
AL. haddocus AN., hadoc, var. of OF.
HADDOCK
A207
HALCYON
A208
HAMADRYAD
bird fabled to
breed on the sea
wood-nymph
A208
HEMISPHERE
in the form
(h)emisperie,
A214 -sphery
(h)alcyon Gr. alkun = kingfisher

Hamdryas, -ad-, Gr. Hamdruas, -ad-, f.
hma = together + drus = tree
hmisphrium Gr. hmispharion
L.
HERNIA
A215
HERO
man of
superhuman
A215 qualities, demigod
hrs, pl. hrs Gr. hrs, pl. hres
I
L. Gr. ibis, of Egyptian orig.
IBIS
A226
L.
ILEX
A228
incorporeal
IMMATERIAL
f. im- + mterilis, mteria = matter
A229
immortlis, f. im- + mortlis = mortal
IMMORTAL
A229
immodest
IMPUDENT
A231
assail
IMPUGN
impudns, -ent-, f. im- + pudns = ashamed,

modest, orig. prp. of pudre = feel ashamed,
shame
impugnre, f. im- + pugnre = fight
A231
INANITION
A231
INCARNATE
emptying of a
body
embodied in flesh
A232
INCOMPREHENSI BLE
not to be
circumscribed;
not to be grasped
by the
A232 understanding
INCORPORATE
put into the body
of something
innti, -n-, f. innre, f. innis = empty,

vain
incarntus, pp. of incarnr = be made flesh,
f. in- + car, carn-= flesh
f. in- + comprehendere, f. com- + prehendere
= seize
f. pp. stem of incorporre, f. in- + corporre

= fashion into or with a body, collect, f.
A232
INCUBUS
INDICTION
demon
descending upon
persons in their
A232 sleep
declaration or
A233 proclamation
INDIVISIBLE
corpor- = body
incubus, earlier incubo, f. incubre, f. in- +
cubre = lie
indicti, -n-, f. indcere, f. in- + dcere =
pronounce, utter
indvissibilis, f. in- + dvidere = divide
A233
INDUCE
A234
lead to some
action, etc.
indcere, f. in- + dcere = lead

infamsus, for infmis
INFAMOUS
A234
INFECT
INFINITE
INFIRM
affect with
disease; taint,
A234 deprave
(arch.) unlimited
A235 in number
weak, unsound
f. infect-, pp. stem of inficere = dip in, stain,

taint, spoil, f. in- + facere = put, do
infntus, f. in- + fntus, pp. of fnre = finish
infirmus, f. in- + firmus = firm
A235
in- + flectere = bend
INFLEXIBLE
A235
INORDINATE
irregular;
immoderate
haughty,
A237 arrogant
light or humorous
dramatic
representation,
A239 comedy, farce
A237
INSOLENT
INTERLUDE
INTESTATE
A240
INVOLVE
IRIS
ITEM
J
JACOBITE
JANUARY
inordintus, f. in- + ordintus, pp. of ordinre

= ordain
insolns, -ent- = unusual, excessive, arrogant,
f. in- + prp. of solre = be accustomed
interldium, f. inter- + ldus = play
intesttus, f. in- + testtus, pp. of testr =

bear witness, make a will, f. testis = witness
involvere, f. in- + volvere = roll
wrap around, lit.

and fig.; implicate
A241 trouble, etc.
species of crystal ris Gr. iris = rainbow, coloured circle, etc.,
iris (plant), female messenger of the gods,
A242
whose sign was a rainbow
adv. likewise,
L. = just so, in like manner, moreover, f. ita =
A244 moreover
so, based on the pronominal stem imember of a
monophysite sect
taking its name
from Jacobus
Baradaeus, of
A254 Edessa
f. Jacbus = James
Inurius, sb. use of adj. of Inus, name of an

ancient Italian deity figured with faces
A245
JUBILATION
A249
JUDICIAL
A249
pert. to judgement
or a judge
JUNIPER
looking forwards and backwards

ibilti, -n-, f. ibilre = call, halloo, shout
for joy
idicilis, f. idicium = judgement, f. idex,
idic- = judge
iniperus
A249
JUPITER
(alch.) tin
L. corr. to Skr. dyas pit = heaven father
preserve,
maintain;
A251 withhold, restrain;
reside, dwell (in)
OE. cpan, pt. cpte, of which no cogns. are

A250
K
KEEP
L
sb. who cuts stones lapidrius, f. lapis, lapid- = stone
LAPIDARY
A258
LAPIS LAZULI
LATITUDE
LAUREATE
LAVATORY
silicate producing
ultramarine
A258 pigment
breadth; angular
distance on a
A260 meridian
worthy of the
laurel crown, as an
A260 eminent poet
vessel for washing
A260
LAX
(of the bowels)

loose
(arch.) poor or
diseased person,
A261 esp. leper
distance of three
A261 miles
f. lapis = stone + lazul, g. of lazulum,

varying wiht lazur, lazurius, f. Pers.
lzhward = azure
ltitdo, f. ltus = broad
lauretus, f. laurea = laurel tree, laurel
crown, sb. use of fem. of adj. laureus, f.
laurus
lavtorium, f. lavt-, pp. stem of lavre =
wash, lave
laxus = loose
A261
LAZAR
LEAGUE
lazarus, use of Lazarus, name of the beggar

in the parable, full of sores
leuge leuca, leuga, late Gr. leg
legibilis, f. legere = read
LEGIBLE
A263
LEVIATHAN
large aquatic
animal in the
Bible; Satan;
used by Hobbes
for the
commonwealth
A264 1651
LIBATION
A265
LIBERTINE
freedman
L. Heb. liwythn
lbati, -n-, f. lbre = taste, pour as an

offering, rel. to Gr. lebein = pour drop by
drop
lbertnus, f. lbertus = made free, f. lber =
A265
LIGAMENT
A266
LIGN -ALOES
short band of
animal tissue
aloes, aloes wood
free
ligmentum, f. ligre = bind, tie
lignum alos = wood of the aloe
A266
LIMBO
A266
LIMIT
region on the
border of Hell
sb.
orig. in phr. in, out of limbo, rerp. in, limb;

abl. of limbus = hem, selvage, fringe
lmes, lmit- = frontier
A266
LINK
loop of a chain,
etc.
adj. neither solid
A268 nor gaseous
length
AL. linkum ON.
A267
LIQUID
LONGITUDE
liquidus, f. liqure = be fluid

longitd, f. longus = long
A271
LOOP
opening in a wall
to look or shoot
A271 through
LOTION
liquid preparation
A272 , B253 for external use
AL. loupa = loop-hole
LUPIN
lti, -n- = washing, f. lt-, laut-, pp. stem

of lavre = lave
lupnus, -um, prob. rel. to lupus = wolf
A273
LUSTRE
period of five
years
feline animal
credited with very
A274 keen sight
lstrum, prop. quinquennial purification
officer concerned
with the
administration of
A276 laws
(alch.) mineral
ingredient of the
philosophers
A276 stone
greatness
magistrtus = magistracy, magistrate, f.

magistr- = master
A274
LYNX
L. Gr. lgx, rel to OE. lox
M
MAGISTRATE
MAGNESIA
MAGNITUDE
magnsia Gr. (h) Magnsa (lthos) = the

Magnesian stone, loadstone, stone with
silvery sheen
magnitd, f. magnus = great, large
A276
MAGUS
MANIA
MANICHEE
MARGIN
in pl. magi = the

wise men who
came from the
East to worship the
A276 child Jesus
highly excited
A280 form of madness
heretic holding
dualistic belief in
A280 God and Satan
L. Gr. mgos OPers. magu
mani Gr. man, rel. to manesthai = be

mad
Manichus, f. name of the founder of the
sect, Manes or Manichus
marg, margin-, rel. to mark
A282
one who has

received an
academic degree
orig. conveying
authority to teach;
title of presiding
A284 officer
MECHANIC
pert. to manual
A287 work
MERCENARY
sb.
MASTER
A289
MERCURY
(M-)
Roman divinity
identified with the
Gr. Hermes, god of
eloquence,
messenger of the
gods, patron of
traders, roads,
guide of departed
souls; planet
nearest the sun;
quicksilver; plant
A290 name
magistrum, nom. magister, usu. referred to

magis = more
mchanicus Gr. mkhaniks, f. mkhan =

machine
mercnrius, earlier mercennrius, f. mercs,
merd- = reward, wages
Mercurius, orig. god of commerce, f. merx,
merc- = merchandise
molnrius, f. molna = mill
MILLER
A293
MISSAL
A296
tune, melody
MODE
missle, use of n. sg. of misslis = pert. to the

Mass, f. missa = mass
modus = measure, size, manner, method, tune
A297
MODERATE
MORAL
avoiding extremes,
of medium
A297 quantity or quality
pert. to character
A300 or conduct
MULBERRY
modertus, pp. of moderr, -re = reduce,

abate, control
mrlis, f. ms, mr- = custom, pl. mrs =
manners, character
mrum = mulberry, mrus = mulberry-tree
A304
MUSK
odoriferous
substance secreted
A305 by the musk-deer
MUTABLE
muscus Pers. muk Skr. musk = scrotum

(the shape of the musk-deers musk-bag
being similar)
mtbilis, f. mutre = change
A306
MYRMIDON
A306
MYRTLE
one of a warlike
race of Thessaly
myrtle-berry
l. pl. Myrmidones Gr. Murmidnes, acc. to

legend created orig. from ants (mrmkes)
myrtilla, -us, dim. of myrta, -us Gr. mrtos
phr. in (a) m.,

mystically;
religious truth or
doctrine; hidden or
secret thing
mystrium Gr. mustrion = secret thing or

ceremony
A306
MYSTERY
A307
MYSTERY
A307
occupation,
handicraft, art
misterium, contr. of ministerium = ministry,

by assoc. with mystrium
aromatic unguent
nardus Gr. nrdos, of Sem. orig.
N
NARD
A309
pert. to birth or
nativity
NEUTER
neither masculine
A312 , B323 nor feminine
NOTARY
clerk, secretary;
one authorized to
A315 draw up deeds
NATAL
ntlis, f. nt-, pp. stem of nsc = be born
A309
neuter, f. ne- + uter = either of two

notrius = shorthand writer, clerk, f. nota =
note
O
objection,
obstacle;
something
presented to the
A318 sight or observed
OBSECRATION
earnest entreaty
OBJECT
A319
OBSTINATE
A319
OBTUND
A319
group of eight
OCTAD
A320
OESOPHAGUS
A321
OLIBANUM
A322
ONAGER
aromatic gumresin
wild ass
A322
OPIUM
obiectum, sb. use of the pp. of obicere =

throw towards, place in front of, f. ob- +
iacere = throw
obsecrti, -n-, f. obsecrre = entreat,
beseech, f. ob- + sacrre = hold sacred
obstintus, pp. of obstinre = persist, f. ob- +
-stan-, rel. to stand
obtundere = beat against, blunt, dull, f. ob- +
tundere = beat
octas, octad- - Gr. okts, f. okt = eight
L. Gr. oisophgos, of which the first el. is
unknown and the second appears to be
phagos = eating
L. Gr. lbanos = frankincense tree, incense
L. Gr. nagros for nos grios (nos = ass,
grios = wild)
L. Gr. pion, dim. of ops = vegetable juice
A323
OPOPANAX
OPPILATION
fetid gum-resin
from the root of
Opopanax
A323 chironium
obstruction
A324
OPPROBRIOUS
A324
species of
antelope
ORYX
A327
L. Gr. opopnax, f. ops = juice + pnax, n.

of panaks = all-healing
opplti, -n-, f. opplre = stop up, f. op- +
plre = ram down, stop up
opprobrisus, f. opprobrium = infamy,
reproach, f. op- + probrum = shameful deed,
disgrace
L. Gr. rux = stonemasons pickaxe,
applied to an antelope or gazelle having
pointed horns
P
PAGEANT
A331
scene acted on a
stage
AL. pagina
paltum
PALATE
A331
PALLADIUM
PALM
PALPABLE
image of Pallas in
the citadel of Troy,
on which the safety
of the city
A332 depended
branch or sprig of a
tree substituted for
the palm in Palm
A332 Sunday processions
tangible, sensible
L. Gr. palldion, f. Palls, -ad- = epithet

of the goddess Athene
palma = palm (the palmleaf was likened to

the hand with the fingers extended)
palpbilis, f. palpre = touch soothingly
A332
PANTHEON
PAPACY
sacred building in
ancient Rome
dedicated to all the
A334 gods
office of pope
pantheon Gr. pntheion, f. pan- = all +

theios = divine, f. thes = god
pptia, f. ppa = pope
A334
PAPYRUS
PARTAKER
kind of sedge from

which ancient
writing material
A334 was made
one who takes a
part, participator
A338
small or minute
part
PATERNOSTER
form of words used
A340 as a charm
PARTICLE
pap Gr. ppros = paper-rush
f. part- sb. + taker, agent-noun of take, after

particeps, f. pars, part- = part + capere =
take
particula, dim. of pars, part- = part
A338
PEAT
A341
PEDAGOGUE
A342
PENTANGLE
A344
receive, collect
PERCEIVE
pater noster = our Father, the first words of

the Lords prayer
AL. peta, also in petamora = peat-moor;
petaria, -er(i)a = peat-bog
pdaggus Gr. paidaggs = slave who
took a boy to and from school, f. pais, paid= boy + aggs = leading, gein = lead
pentangulum, alt. of pentaculum = pentacle,
f. penta- = five + angulus = angle
percepti, -n- = collecting, perceiving
A345
layer of air (once)
PERIPHERY
A346
exchange
PERMUTE
A347
PERPENDICULAR
situated or having a
direction at right
A347 angles
periphera Gr. periphreia, f. periphers =

revolving round, f. peri- + phrein = bear
permtre, f. per- + mtre = change
perpendiculris, f. perpendiculum =
plummet, plumb-line, f. per- + pendre =
hang
optics; optical
instrument
PERSPECTIVE
A347
suppository
PESSARY
A348
PICT
PIER
one of an ancient
people of N.
A352 Britain
solid structure
extending into the
A352 sea, etc.
perspectva, sb. use of fem. of perspectvus,

f. perspect-, pp. stem of perspicere = look at
closely, f. per- + specere = look
pessrium, f. pessum, -us Gr. pesss, -n =
draught-board, oval stone used in a game,
medicated plug
Pict, indentical in form with pict = painted
or tattooed people
AL. pera or pra
pigmentum, f. pig-, base of pingere = paint
PIGMENT
A352
PIMPLE
B371
PIN
PLAGUE
PLASTER
pointed lenght of
stiff wire used as a
A353 fastener
blow, wound;
affliction;
malignant
epidemic,
A355 pestilence
plastic composition
to be spread on a
surface
A356
POLE
POLLUTE
each of the two

points in the
A360 celestial sphere
render impure
A360
POLYPUS
A361
PONDEROUS
A361
POPPET
A362
PORISM
A362
PORPHYRY
A362
PRECEPT
nasalized form of OE ppel L. papula =

pimple
pinna = applied to varous objects likened to
a wing or feather
plga = stroke, wound, pestilence, infection,
prob. Gr. plg, plg, f. plag- = strike
plastrum, for emplastrum Gr. mplastron,

f. em- + plasts = daubed, plastered, f.
emplssein, f. em- + plssein = fashion,
form
polus = end of an axis Gr. plos = pivot,
axis
f. pollt-, pp. stem of polluere, f. por- = pro

+ base of lutum = mud
(path.) tumour usu. L. Gr. plupos, var. of Attic polpous =
having tentacle-like cuttle-fish, f. pols = poly + pos = foot
ramifications
physically weighty pondersus, f. pondus, ponder- = weight,
rel. to pendere = weigh
small person or
ppa, puppa = girl, doll
human figure, pet
geometrical
porisma Gr. prisma = deduction,
proposition in
corollary, problem, f. porzein = carry,
ancient Gr.
deduce, f. pros = way, passage
mathematics
three types: porfurie, -firie; purfire,
porphire; porphyry L. porphyreum, for
porphyrts Gr. porphurtes, f. prphuros
= purple
general command, prceptum = maxim, order, sb. use of n. pp.
esp. of divine
of prcipere = take beforehand, warn,
origin
A366
PREDESTINATION
A366
PREDICAMENT
A367
category of
predication
PREPOSITION
A368
foreskin
PREPUCE
A368
become strong
PREVAIL
instruct, enjoin, f. pr = pre- + capere = take

prdestinti, -n-, f. prdestinre =
appoint beforehand, f. pr = pre- +
destinre = destine
prdicmentum, f. prdicre = preach, f.
pr = pre- + dcre = say, speak
prpositi, -n- = putting before,
preposition, f. prpnere, pr = pre- +
ponre = put
prptium, f. pr = pre- + an el. of
unknown. orig.
prvalre = have greater power
A369
PRICKET
PRIME
spike on which to
stick a candle,
A369 candle itself
golden number;
beginning, earliest
A369 time
PRIMORDIAL
A370
applied by Wyclif
to the first friars
PRIVATE
A370
PROCONSUL
PROJECT
governor of an
ancient Roman
A371 province
design, scheme
A372
sb.
PROMISE
A373
advance in position
PROMOTE
A373
AL. prikettus, -um, dim. f. prick

prma = first
prmrdilis, f. prmrdium, sb. use of n. of
prmrdius = original, f. prmus = first,
prime + base of ordr = begin
prvtus = withdrawn from public life,
peculiar to oneself, sb. man in private life,
prop. pp. of prvre = bereave, deprive, f.
prvus = single, individual, private
prconsul, for pr consule = (one acting) for
the consul
priectum, n. of pp. of pricere = throw
forth, expel, f. pro- + iacere = throw
prmissum, sb. use of n. pp. of prmittere =
send or put forth, promise, f. pro- + mittere
= send
f. prmt-, pp. stem of prmovre = move
forward
prnus, f. pr = forward
naturally inclined,
disposed
PROPINQUITY
nearness, proximity propinquits, f. propinquus = neighbouring,
A373 , B394
f. prope = near
PROSELYTE
proslytus Gr. prosluthos = strange,
sojourner, convert to Judaism, f. 2nd aorist
A374
stem of prosrkhesthai = come to, approach
PROSTRATE
prstrtus, pp. of prsternere = throw in
A374
front, cast down, f. pro- + sternere = lay low
PUBERTY
pberts, f. pbs, -er- = adult
PRONE
A373
A376
PUBLISH
A376
make publicly
known
pblicre = make public, f. pblicus =

public
pulpitum = scaffold, platform, stage, pulpit
PULPIT
A377
PYGMY , PIGMY
A379
PYX
vessel for the

reservation of the
A380 Host
pl. pygmeis, pygm, pl. of pygmus Gr.

pugmaios = dwarf(ish), f. pugm = measure
of length from elbow to knuckles, fist
pyxis Gr. puxs = box
Q
QUADRANT
QUADRAT
fourth part,
quarter, now only
of a quarter-circle;
instrument used for
making angular
A381 measurements
square
A381
(Rom. antiq.)
official having
charge of public
A381 finances
QUATERNION
group of four
QUAESTOR
A382
QUINQUAGESIMA
QUODLIBET
QUOTE
period beginning
on the Sunday
immediately
preceding Lent and
ending on Easter
A384 Eve
question proposed
in scholastic
disputation;
scholastic debate or
A384 exercise
mark with
numbers or
(marginal)
A385 references
quadrns, -ant- = quarter, orig. of the as
quadrtum, sb. use of n. of quadrtus, pp. of

quadrre = square
qustor, f. qus-, old form of stem of
qurere = seek, inquire
quaternrius, f. quatern = four together, f.
quater = four times, f. base of quattor =
four
sb. use of fem. of quinqugsimus = fiftieth,
f. quinqugint = fifty
quodlibetum, f. quodlibet, f. quod = what,

libet = it pleases
quotre = number, f. quot = how many, or

quota = quota
R
RABBI
RADICAL
RAPE
(title of respect
given to) a Jewish
A386 doctor of the law
pert. to the
moisture inherent
in animals and
A386 plants
turnip; plant
rabbi Heb. rabb = my master, f. rabh =

master
radiclis, f. rdx, rdc- = root
rpum, rpa = turnip
A388
RAPT
RATIONAL
producing oil-seed
taken and carried
A388 up to heaven, etc.
endowed with
reason
A389
REALGAR
A391
RECIPE
native disulphide
or arsenic
(imper.) take
raptus, pp. of rapere = seize

ratinlis, f. rati, -n- = reckoning,
judgment, understanding, reasoning, method,
motive, f. rat-, pp. stem of rr = think,
reckon
L. Arab. rahj al-gar = powder of the cave
or mine
recipe, imper. sg. of recipere = receive
A392
RECOMMEND
REDUCE
REGRESS
commend or
commit to God;
A392 praise, commend
bring or lead
A394 back
return, re-entry
A396
melt, dissolve
RELENT
A397
REMIT
forgive (sin);
abstain from
exacting (a
penalty); give up,
desist from; refer
for consideration,
A397 etc.
recommendre, f. re- + commendre =

commend
redcere = bring back, restore, replace, f. re+ dcere = lead, bring
regressus, f. pp. stem of regred = go back, f.
re- + grad = step, go
relentre, f. re- + lentre = bend, soften, f.
lentus = flexible
remittere = send back, slacken, relax,
postpone, f. re- + mittere = put, send
reprehendere, f. re- + prehendere = seize
REPREHEND
A399
REPRESS
A399
REPUTATION
opinion,
estimation;
general estimate;
high esteem or
A400 credit
Mass for the
departed
f. repress-, pp. stem of reprimere, f. re- +

premere = press
reputti, -n- = computation, consideration,
f. reputre, f. re- + putre = reckon
requiem, acc. of requis = rest, first word of

the introit of the Mass, (Requiem ternam
dona eis, Domine = Rest eternal grant unto
A400
them, O Lord)
RESIN , ROSIN
adhesive substance resna, rosna
A400 secreted by plants
RETINA
f. rte = net
REQUIEM
A402
RETRIBUTION
A402
RETROGRADE
recompense,
requital
(astron., of
planets) moving
apparently in a
direction contrary
retribti, -n-, f. retribuere, f. re- + tribuere

= assign
retrgradus, f. retro- + gradus = step
A402
REVOLVE
A403
RHETOR
A403
RITE
A406 , B425
ROGATION
A407
ROSARY
A408
ROSE
to the order of the

signs
turn or roll back
or round
professor of
rhetoric
formal procedure
or act
(pl.) litanies used
on the Monday,
Tuesday, and
Wednesday before
Ascension Day
base coin current
in England in the
13th century
rose-shaped figure
revolvere, f. re- + volvere = roll, turn

rethor, var. of rhtor Gr. rhtr
rtus = (religious) usage
in pl. rogtins, f. rogre = ask
rosrius (coin)
rosa, rel. obscurely to synon. Gr. rhdon
A408
S
SABAOTH
A412
SAGITTARIUS
A413
SAL -AMMONIAC
A414
SANDAL
1
A416
SANDAL
2
A416
SARDINE
A417
SARDIUS
A417
SARDONYX
A417
SATURN
A418
SAVORY
A418
SCABIOUS
A419
SCALE
A419
in phr. Lord of S.
in Eng. N. T. and
Te Deum
zodiacal
constellation
ammonium
chloride
covering for the
sole of the foot
scented wood of
species of
Santalum
precious stone of
Rev. 4:3
precious stone,
sard
variety of onyx
Sabath (Vulg.) Gr. Sabath Heb. =

army, host
sagittrius = archer, f. sagitta = arrow
sal ammniacus, f. sal armniacum = salt +
ammoniac
sandalium Gr. sandlion, dim. of sndalon
= wooden shoe
sandalum
sardinus Gr. srdinos, var. reading for
srdios = sardius
L. Gr. srdios, prob. f. Sard = Sardinia
L. Gr. sardnux, presumably f. srdios =

sardius + nux = onyx
(astron.) one of the Sturnus, poss. of Etruscan orig.
primary planets
herb of the genus
ME. saverey L. satureia, fem. sg. and n. pl.
Satureia
plant of the genus scabisa, fem. of scabisus, f. scabis =
Scabiosa
roughness, itch, f. scabere = scratch, scrape
(formerly of repute
for the cure of skin
diseases)
set of graduations scla usu. pl. steps , staircase, ladder, f. base
for measuring
of scandere = climb
distances
SCAN
analyse the metre

of
abbrev. scil., sc.
that is to say, to
A422 wit
native of Scotland
scandere = climb, measure (verses)
A420
SCILICET
SCOT
contr. of scre licet = it is permitted to know

Scottus
A423
SCRIBE
A424
SCROFULA
A424
SCULPTURE
A425
SCUTTLE
A425
SEBESTEN
A426
SECRETARY
doctor on the
Jewish law
disease
characterized by
degeneration of
the lymphatic
glands
art of carving in
hard material,
products of this
(dial.) cornbasket,
grain-shovel
plum-like fruit of
the genus Cordia
confidant
A426
SENIOR
SENSE
person superior by
reason of age or
A429 station
meaning,
signification
A429
SERPIGO
A430
SETON
A431
SHINGLES
A435
SHRINE
A437
SISTRUM
A441
creeping skin
disease
thread, etc. drawn
through a fold of
the skin to
maintain an issue
eruptive disease
often extending
round the middle
of the body
casket for a dead
body, tomb
jingling instrument
or rattle used by
ancient Egyptians
SLAV
A443
half-hose
SOCK
scrba = official or public writer, f. scrbere =

write, trace characters
scrful, dim. f. scrfa = breeding-sow
(supposed to be subject to the disease)
sculptra, f. pp. stem of sculpere, var. of

scalpere = scratch, carve
scutula or scutella, rel. to scutra = dish,
platter
sebestn Arab . Pers.
scrtrius = confidential officer, sb. use of
adj. f. scrtus = secret
senior, compar. of senex = old
snsus = faculty of feeling, sensibility, mode
of feeling, thought, meaning, f. sns-, pp.
stem of sentre = feel
f. serpere = crawl
st, -n-, app. f. st = bristle, silk
cingulus, var. of cingulum = girdle
scrnium = case or chest for books or papers

L. Gr. sestron, f. seein = shake
Sclavus, corr. to Gr. Sklbos; later after
Slavus, F., G. Slave
soccus Gr. skkhos, sukkhs
A447
SOKE
right of local
sca OE. scn = attack, resort, right of
juristiction; area of prosecution or jurisdiction, administrative
A448
SOL
this
sun; (alch.) gold
district
sl = sun
ear of corn
slitrius, f. slits = solitariness, f. slus =

sole
sperma Gr. sprma, -at-, f. base of sperein
= sow
spca, -us, -um
A448
SOLITARY
A448
SPERM
A453
SPIKE
A453
spca nard
SPIKENARD
A453
spoliti, -n-, f. spolire = spoil
SPOLIATION
A455
(pros.) metrical
foot of two long
syllables
SPONDEE
A455 , B482
foam, froth
SPUME
spondus Gr. spondeios sb. use of adj. f.

spond = libation, the spondee being a foot
characteristic of melodies accompanying
libations
spma, gen. connected with pmex = pumice
A456
SQUILL
A457
STACTE
(root of) the seaonion

fragrant spice of
the ancients
A457
STATE
solemn pomp;
estate of the realm
ancient weight and
A460 coin
plant Delphinium
staphisagria
A459
STATER
STAVESACRE
A460
STRICTURE
(path.) morbid
narrowing
(naut.) band of
A467 rope, etc.
A466
STROP
squilla, var. of scilla Gr. sklla

L. Gr. stakt, sb. use of fem. stakts =
distilling in drops, f. stag-, base of stzein =
flow, drip
statr Gr. statr, f. sta-, base of histnai =
stand
staphisagria Gr. staphis agr = wild raisin,
i.e. staphs = raisin, agr, fem. of grios =
wild
strictra, f. strict-, pp. stem of stringere =
touch, stroke, blame
struppus, stroppus
studisus, f. studium = study
STUDIOUS
A467
STUPE
STYPTIC
STYRAX
piece of steeped
tow, etc. for
fomenting a
A468 wound
having contracting
A468 properties
storax
stuppa = tow Gr. stpp
stypticus Gr. stuptiks, f. stphein =

contract
L. Gr. strax
A468
subdiaconus, subdiacon Gr. hupodikonos
SUBDEACON
A469
SUBMIT
(refl. and intr.)

place oneself
under control; so
A469 trans.
submittere, f. sub- + mittere = send
suburbium, f. sub- + urbs = city
SUBURB
A470 , B559
SUFFRAGE
A471
pl. (intercessory)
prayers
SUPERSCRIBE
inscribe on the top
A473 or surface of
suffrgium, partly through F. suffrage
SUPPLEMENT
supplmentum, f. supplre = supply
superscrbere, f. super- + scrbere = write
A473
SUPPRESS
A474
SUSURRATION
A475
put down by force

or authority
whispering
SYNOD
A479
f. suppress-, pp. stem of supprimere, f. sub- +

premere = press
susurrti, -n-, f. susurrre, f. susurrus =
whisper
synodus Gr. snodos = meeting, f. syn- +
hods = way, travel
T
TARTAR
deposit of acid
potassium tartrate
adhering to the
sides of wine
A483 casks
TE DEUM
A484
TEMPER
A485
due mixture of
elements
tartarum Gr. trtaron
opening words of the canticle beginning Te

Deum laudamus = Thee God we praise,
recited mainly at matins in the Western
Church
f. temperre = mingle, restrain oneself
tepidus, f. tepre = be warm
TEPID
A486
tree Pistacia
terebinthus, the
source of
A487 , B522 turpentine
TERNARY
threefold, triple
TEREBINTH
A487
TERTIAN
TESTAMENT
TESTER
TESTIFY
terebinthus Gr. terbinthos
ternrius, f. tern = three at a time, three by

three, f. ter = thrice
tertinus, f. tertius = third
(of a fever) of
which the
paroxysms occur
every third day;
A487 sb.
will disposing of
testmentum, f. testr = bear witness, make a
property and
will, f. testis = witness
appointing an
A488 executor
canopy over a bed testerium, testrum, testura, f. Rom. testa =
A488
head
testificre, -r, f. testis = witness
A488
testimonium, f. testis = witness
TESTIMONY
A488
TETRARCH
THESIS , PL .
THESES
TINCTURE
ruler of one of
four divisions of a
country,
A488 subordinate ruler
(pros.)
unaccented or
unstressed
A490 element
dye, pigment
A494
TITTLE
A495
TRACT
A500
TRADITION
A500 , B116
TRANSCEND
A501 , B439
TRANSFER
A501
TRANSMIGRATION
A501
TRANSMIT
A502
TRANSUBSTAN TIATION
A502
TREPAN
TRIBUNE
TRIBUTE
point of dot over

or under a letter
(liturg.) item
replacing the
Alleluia in the
Mass from
Septuagesima to
Easter Eve
that which is
handed down as
belief or practice
pass (a limit) or
the limits of
convey from
place to place
passage from one
place to another
send across a
space
change of
substance
(surg.) saw for

cutting out pieces
A503 of bone
officer in the
administration of
A504 ancient Rome
tax paid to a
superior
A504
TRIPARTITE
tetrarcha, - Gr. tetrrkhs, f. tetra- + -arkhs

= ruling
thesis Gr. thsis = placing, setting, f. the-,
base of tithnai = place
tinctra = dyeing, f. tinct-, pp. stem of tingere
= dye, tinge
titulus = title
tractus, spec. use of tractus, f. pp. stem of
trahere = draw
trditi, -n-, f. trdere = hand over, deliver,

f. trans- + dre = give
tran(s)scendere = climb over, surmount, f.
trans- + scandere = climb
transferre, f. trans- + ferre = bear
trans- + migrre, prob. based on mei-, change
transmittere, f. trans- + mittere = send
tran(s)substantiti, -n-, f.
tran(s)substantire
trepanum Gr. trpanon = borer, f. trupan =
pierce, bore
tribnus, prob. orig. sb. use of adj. f. tribus =
tribe
tribtum, sb. use of n. of trbtus, pp. of
tribuere = assign, allot, grant, prop. to divide
among the tribes, f. tribus = tribe
triparttus, f. tri- + pp. of partr = divide, part
A505
TROPIC
each of the two

solstitial points
tropicus Gr. tropiks = pert. to the turning of

the sun at the solstice, fig. f. trop = turning,
putting to flight, defeat, rel. to trpein = turn
cathartic drug
turbit(h)um, turpetum Pers. , Arab.
(path.) distension
L. Gr. tumpants, f. tmpanon = tympanum
A506
TURPETH
A509
TYMPANITES
A511
of the abdomen
by gas
U
anointing as a rite
or symbol;
A514 spiritual influence
UNDERWRITE
write underneath
UNCTION
A514
URN
UVULA
vessel in which to
preserve the ashes
A517 of the dead
fleshy part of the
A518 soft palate
uncti, -n-, f. unct-, pp. stem of ung(u)ere =

anoint
tr. subscrbere = subscribe, f. sub- + scrbere
= write
urna urcn, rel. to urceus = pitcher
vula, dim. of va = grape
V
VALVE
either of the leaves valva = leaf of a door

of a folding door
(anat.) any of the
ventriculus, dim. of venter = belly
cavities of the
A523 heart, brain, etc.
(alch.) copper
A523
stanza
versus = turn of the plough, furrow, row, line
of writing, verse, f. vers-, pp. stem of vertere
A524
= turn
(Rom. myth.)
L., corr. to Gr. Hest, personification of
goddess of the
hest = heart, house, household
A525 household
victor, f. vict-, pp. stem of vincere = conquer
A520
VENTRICLE
VENUS
VERSE
VESTA
VICTOR
A526 , B569
VILLOUS
villsus, f. villus = growth of hair
VIRAGO
virg, obscurely f. vir = man
VIRGO
VOLUNTARY
covered with
numerous thick-set
stout hairlike
A527 projections
man-like or heroic
woman, female
warrior; bold or
A527 violent woman
constellation lying
between Leo and
Libra; sixth sign of
A527 the zodiac
adj.
L. = virgin
voluntrius, f. volunts = will, for voluntits
A529
sb.
VOMIT
A529 , B574
VULGAR
adj. that is in
common or
A530 ordinary use
vomitus, f. vomere = vomit, rel. to Skr., Gr.

vulgris, f. vulgus, volgus = the common
people
7. The Fifteenth Century

A
abbcia, var. of abbtia, f. abbt- = abbot
ABBACY
A1
f. pp. stem of abbrevire = to shorten, f. ab- =

put for or ad- = to + brevis = short)
abhorrre, f. ab- + horrre = shudder
ABBREVIATE
A1
ABHOR
A1
pp. rejected; adj.

downcast,
A1 degraded
ABJECT
ABJURE
A1 , B242
ABLATIVE
A1 , B1
(gram.) of a case
expressing
removal, source,
agent, etc.
ABSORB
A2 , B2
border upon
ABUT
A3
ACCEDE
abiectus, pp. of abicere, f. ab- + iacere =

throw
abiurare = deny, swear away from, f. ab- +
iurre = swear
ablatvus, f. ab- + ltum, pp. stem of ferre =
carry, take = auferre = to take away
absorbre = to suck up, f. ab- + sorbre = to
swallow
AL. abuttre, f. a- = ad- + butta = strip of
land
accdere, f. ac- + cdere = go
A3
ACCESSARY
A3
legislative degree
ACT
accessrius, f. access-, pp. stem of accdere

= accede
ctus = doing, f. ct-, pp. stem of agere = do
A4
addcere, f. ad- + dcere = lead, bring
ADDUCE
A5
charge solemnly
adiacns, -ent-, prp. of adiacre, f. ad- +

iacre = lie down
adirre, f. ad- + is, ir- = oath
allow the truth
admittere, f. ad- + mittere = send
ADJACENT
A5
ADJURE
A5
ADMIT
A6
adoptre = choose for oneself
ADOPT
A6 , B334
ADVERB
AFFECT
AGARIC
word that qualifies

an adjective, a
verb, or another
A6 , B566 adverb
aspire to
A7 , B150
kind of fungus
adverbium, f. ad- + verbum = word
affectre, f. affect-, pp. stem of afficere = act

upon, influence, f. ad- + facere = do
agaricum Gr. agarikn
A8
agns, agent-, sb. use of prp. of agere = do
AGENT
A8
AGGREGATE
collected into one

body; sb. sum
A8 total, entire mass
AGRICULTURE
A9 , B6
AGRIMONY
aggregtus, pp. of aggregre, f. ag- + grex,

greg- = flock
agricultra
plant of the genus

Eupatorium or
Agrimonia
A9
ALACRITY
agrimnia, misreading for argemnia Gr.

argemn = poppy, f. rgemon = white spot
on the eye, which the plant was reputed to
cure
alacrits, f. alacer, alacr- = brisk
A10
f. pp. stem of allevire, f. al- + levis = light
ALLEVIATE
A11
alphabtum, f. Gr. lpha + beta, first two

letters of the Gr. alphabet taken to repr. the
whole
amcbilis, f. amcus = friend
ALPHABET
A12
AMICABLE
A14
ANCHORITE ,
-RET
religious recluse
occupying a cell
an(a)chorta, -rta Gr. anakhrts, f.

anakhrein = retire, retreat
A15
angulris, f. angulus = angle
ANGULAR
A16
antimnium
ANTIMONY
A18
antiphna Gr. antphna, n. pl. of

antphnos = responsive, f. anti- + phn =
sound
L. Gr. antthesis, f. anti- + tithnai = set,
place
nus = orig. ring
ANTIPHON
A18
ANTITHESIS
A18
ANUS
A18
apertra, f. apert-, pp. stem of aperre = open
APERTURE
A19
appendere, f. ap- + pendre = hang
APPEND
A20
applaudere, f. ap- + plaudere = clap
APPLAUD
A20
APPROXIMATE
A20
very near in
approximtus, pp. of approximre, f. ap- +
position or nature
AQUATIC
proximus = nearest
aquticus, f. aqua = water
A21 , B16
arbiter = witness, judge, umpire
ARBITER
A21 , B16
ARUM
A23
cuckoo-pint, Arum
maculatum
arum Gr. ron

ascrbere, f. ad- + scrbere = write
ASCRIBE
A24
asperits, -tt-, f. asper = rough
ASPERITY
A24
besprinkle
ASPERSE
A24
ASSIMILATE
make like; absorb

and incorporate
take to or upon
A25 oneself
sanctuary, place of
refuge
A25
ASSUME
ASYLUM
golden
aslum Gr. slon, sb. use of n. of slos =

inviolable, f. a- + sl, sulon = right of
seizure
Atlanticus Gr. Atlantiks, f. tls, Atlant-,
name of the Titan who was supposed to hold
up the pillar of the universe; also the
mountain in Libya which was held to support
the heavens
f. attract-, pp. stem of attrahere, f. at- +
trahere = draw
attribtum, sb. use of n. pp. of attribuere, f.
at- + tribuere = allot
attrti, -n-, f. attrt-, pp. stem of atterere, f.
at- + terere = rub
auretus, f. aureus, f. aurum = gold
cavity of the heart
auricula, dim. of auris = ear
A26
ATLANTIC
A27
ATTRACT
A28
ATTRIBUTE
A28 , B547
ATTRITION
A28
AUREATE
f. aspers-, pp. stem of aspergere, f. ad- +

spargere = sprinkle
f. pp. stem of assimilre, f. as- + similis =
similar (based on IE)
assmere, f. as- + smere = take
rubbing away
A28
AURICLE
A28
B
BALSAM
A32
BAWL
A35
BELLICOSE
bark; cry
vociferously
warlike
balsamum Gr. blsamon, perh. of Sem.

orig.
baulre = bark
bellicsus, f. bellicus, f. bellum = war
A38
bnrius = two together
BINARY
A41
L.
BITUMEN
A42
BREVE
BREVIARY
(mus.) the
shortest note of
A49 the series
book containing
brevis = short
brevirium = summary, abridgement, f.
A49
BRITISH
the Divine Office

for the year
pert. to Great
Britain
brevire = abridge, abbreviate

based on Britt or OCelt. Britto, Brittos
A50
C
calumnia = false accusation
CALUMNY
A59
CALX
powder resulting
from calcination
A59 of a mineral
L. = lime(stone) Gr. khlix = pebble,

limestone
pl. of cantharis Gr. kanthars = blister fly
CANTHARIDES
A61
carnlis, f. car, carn- = flesh
CARNAL
A63
CARUCATE
CASEMENT
CATARACT
CATECHIZE
as much land as
can be tilled with
one plough in one
A64 year
(archit.) hollow
A64 moulding
(pl.) floodgates
A66 of heaven
give systematic
oral instruction
A66
CATHOLIC
A66
CELEBRATE
A68
CERE
A68
CERECLOTH
A69 , B80
CERTIORARI
A69
CERTITUDE
cassimentum = casement (of window)
cataracta Gr. katar(r)hkts = down-rush,

waterfall, portcullis
catchzre Gr. katkhzein, f. katkhein =
sound through, instruct orally, f. cata- +
khein = sound
sb. member of the catholicus Gr. katholiks = general,
Catholic Church
universal, f. kat = in respect of + hlos =
whole
celebrtus, pp. of celebrre, f. celeber,
celebr- = frequented, frequent, renowned
wax-like
cra = wax
membrane at the
base of a birds
beak
waxed cloth used crre, f. cra = wax
as a windingsheet
(leg.) writ from a certirre = inform, f. certior, compar. of
higher court for
certus = certain
the production of
records from a
lower
certitd, f. certus = certain
A69
C( H)ALCEDONY
A69
precious stone
CINNABAR
vermilion
A77
car(r)cta, f. car(r)ca = orig. coach,

chariot, in Gaul applied to the wheel-plough,
rel. to carrus = car
c(h)alcdonius Gr. khalkdn (stone of

Chalcedon)
cinnabaris Gr. kinnbari
CIRCUMJACENT
lying around
A77
CIRCUMLOCUTIO
N
A77 , B272
CIRCUMSCRIBE
draw a line
round; describe
about another;
A77 delimit
CIRCUMSPECT
A77
encompass with
evil or hostility;
A77 overreach, outwit
CIRCUMVOLUTIO
revolution,
N
rotation
CIRCUMVENT
circumiacent, prp. stem of circumiacre, f.

circum = round + adjacent, f. adiacns, -ent-,
prp. of adiacre, f. ad- + iacre = lie down
circumlocuti, -n-, lit. rendering of Gr.
perphrasis = periphrasis
circumscrbere, f. circum = around + scrbere
= write
circumspectus = well considered, considerate,
cautious, pp. of circumspicere = look round,
f. circum = round + specere = look
circumvent-, pp. stem of circumvenre =
surround, beset, deceive, f. circum = round +
venre = come
circumvolvere = wind round
A77
CLAUSTRAL
of a cloister
claustrlis, f. claustrum = cloister
string-and-key
instrument
clvichordium, f. clvis = key + chorda =

string, chord
clmns, -ent-, of unknown orig.
A79
CLAVICHORD
A79
CLEMENT
A79
CLIENT
one for whom an

advocate pleads
supplement to a
A83 will
action or faculty
of knowing
A79
CODICIL
COGNITION
A83
vb.
COMBINE
A85 , B41
COMMENT
commentary;
explanatory note
A86
COMMINATION
COMMISARY
COMMISURE
threatening of
punishment or
A86 vengeance
official having
charge (esp.) of
A86 supplies
juncture, seam
A86
perpetrate
COMMIT
A86
COMMODIOUS
advantageous,
clins, client-, earlier cluns, sb. use of prp. of

cluere, clure = hear, listen
cdicillus, dim. of cdex, cdic- = block of
wood, block split into leaves or tablets, book
cogniti, -n-, f. cognit-, pp. stem of
cognscere = get to know, investigate, f. co+ gnscere = know
combnre = join two and two, f. com- + bn
= two together
commentum = invention, interpretation,
comment, f. comment-, pp. stem of
comminisc = devise, contrive, f. com- +
men-, base of mns = mind
comminati, -n-, f. comminr = menace
commissrius = officer in charge, f.
commiss-, pp. stem of committere = commit
commissra, f. commiss-, pp. stem of
committere = put together
commodisus, f. commodus = of due measure,
A86 , B305
COMMON WEAL ,
COMMONWEAL
A87
COMPEL
A88
serviceable
convenient, f. com- + modus = measure
the general good,

public welfare
rendering rs commnis
drive or force
together
compellere, f. com- + pellere = drive

concavus, f. con- + cavus = hollow
CONCAVE
A89
CONCUR
CONCUSSION
collide,
converge; fall
together,
coincide; agree in
A90 action or opinion
violent agitation
A90
CONDENSE
A90 , B120
CONDIMENT
A90
increase the
density of
CONDUCE
lead
A90
CONDUCT
A90
CONFEDERATE
guiding, leading;
management
sb. accomplice
A91
put faith in
CONFIDE
concurrere, f. con- + currere = run
concussi, -n-, f. concuss-, pp. stem of

concutere = dash together, shake violently, f.
con- + quatere = shake
condensre, f. condensus = very dense
condmentum, f. condre = preserve, pickle,
by-form of condere = preserve
condcere = bring together, f. con- + dcere =
lead
conductus, f. condcere, f. con- + dcere =
lead
fdus = a treaty
confdere, f. con- + fdere = trust
A91
CONFLICT
A91
CONGRUENT
conforming,
accordant,
A92 agreeable
CONJUNCT
A92
conflctus, f. conflct-, pp. stem of conflgere,

f. con- + flgere = strike
congruns, -ent-, prp. of congruere = meet
together, agree, correspond, f. con- + gruere,
ruere = fall, rush
coniunctus, pp. of coniungere, f. con- +
iungere = join
conscriptus, pp. of conscrbere = enrol, f.
con- + scrbere = write
enrolled or
elected as a
A93 senator
CONSECRATE
devote to a sacred consecrre, -t-, f. con- + sacrre = dedicate,
A93 purpose
f. sacer, sacr- = sacred
CONSTITUTE
set up, establish
constitt-, pp. of constituere = establish,
A94
appoint, f. con- + statuere = set up
CONSTRICTION
compression
constricti, -n-, f. constrict-, pp. stem of
A94
constringere = bind tightly together
CONSUL
applied to various consul, rel. to consultre (consulere = take
magistrates or
counsel)
chiefs officials,
spec. head of a
merchant
CONSCRIPT
CONSUMMATE
company resident
in a foreign
A94 country
completed; adj.
complete, perfect
A94
CONTAMINATE
A94
CONTENT
CONTEXT
what is
contained;
containing
A94 capacity or extent
construction,
A95 composition
CONTORT
A95
bruise
CONTUSE
A96
CONVALESCE
A96
come together
CONVENE
A96
cage for poultry
COOP
consummtus, f. consummre, -t-, f. con- +

summa = sum, summus = highest, utmost,
supreme
f. pp. stem of contaminre, f. contmen-,min- = contact, pollution, for contagment, f.
con- + tangere = touch
contentum, pl. -ta = things contained, sb. use
of n. of contentus, pp. of continre = contain
contextus, f. context-, pp. stem of contextere
= weave together, f. con- + textere = weave
f. contort-, pp. stem of contorqure, f. con- +
torqure = twist
f. conts-, pp. stem of contundere, f. con- +
tundere = beat
convalscere, f. con- + valscere = grow
strong, f. valre = be strong or well
convenre = assemble, f. con- + venre =
come
cpa, also cpa = tun, barrel
A96
CORDIAL
stimulating to the
heart; hearty
forming a
A98 corporation
cordilis, f. cor, cord- = heart
A97
CORPORATE
turning-point of a
disease
bedchamber
corportus, pp. of corporre = fashion into or

with a body, collect, f. corpor- = body
cretus, pp. of crere = bring forth, produce,
cause to grow, prob. rel. to crscere = grow
L. Gr. krsis = decision, event, turning-point
of a disease, f. krnein = decide
cubiculum, f. cubre = recline, lie in bed
curved
curvus, app. rel. to Gr. kurts = curved
safe-keeping
custdia, f. custs, custd- = guardian, keeper
(Gr. myth.) one

of a race of oneeyed giants
Cyclps Gr. Kklps = round-eyed, f.

kklos = circle
CREATE
A103
CRISIS
A105
CUBICLE
A107
CURVE
A109
CUSTODY
A109
CYCLOPS
A110
D
DATIVE
DEBENTURE
appointed by the
king or the
commissary;
(gram.) case
A113 denoting to or for
voucher for a sum
datvus = pert. to giving, f. dat-, pp. stem of

dare = give
dbentur = are owing or due, 3rd pl. pres.
A114
DEBIT
due
debt
ind. pass. of dbre = owe

dbitum = debt
devote to the
service of a deity
dcrepitus, f. de- + crepitus, pp. of crepre =

rattle, creak
f. pp. stem of ddicre = proclaim, devote,
consecrate, f. de- + dic-, weak var. of dc- =
say
ddcere, f. de- + dcere = lead
A114
DECREPIT
A115
DEDICATE
A115
DEDUCE
A115
DEFALCATE
A116
DEFECT
A116
DEGENERATE
A117
DEJECT
bring, convey;
derive; trace the
course of; draw as
a conclusion
lop off, retrench,
deduct
shortcoming,
deficiency
that has declined
in character or
qualities
cast down
A117
adj.
DELIBERATE
A117
DELUDE
A117
DEMON
DENSE
inferior divinity,
genius, attendant
spirit; evil spirit,
A118 devil
thick, crowded
A119 , B120
DENUDE
A119
(gram.)
DEPONENT
A119
DEPRECIATE
lower in value or
estimation
abrogate in part;
detract from,
disparage; take
A120 away a part from
A120
DEROGATE
DESCRIBE
A120
DESOLATE
A121
distitute of life,
joy, or comfort
DESPERATE
A121
devoid of
DESTITUTE
A121
f. pp. stem of dfalcre, f. de- + falx, falc- =

sickle, scythe
dfectus, f. dfect-, pp. stem of dficere =
leave, desert, fail, f. de- + facere = make, do
dgenertus, pp. of dgenerre = depart from
its race or kind, f. dgener = debased,
ignoble, f. de- + genus, gener- = kind
f. diect-, pp. stem of deicere, f. de- + iacere
= throw
dlbertus, pp. of dlberre, f. de- + lbrre
= weigh, f. lbra = scales
dldere = play false, mock, f. de- + ldere =
play, f. ldus = play, game
dmn, dmn Gr. damn = divinity,
genius
dnsus
dndre, f. de- + ndre = bare, f. ndus =
nude
dpnns, -ent-, prp. of dpnere = lay aside,
put down, deposit, testify, f. de - + pnere =
place, lay
f. pp. stem of dpretire, f. de- + pretium =
price
f. pp. stem of drogre, f. de- + rogre = ask,
question, propose
dscrbere = write down, copy off, f. de- +
scrbere = write
dsltus, pp. of dslre = abandon, f. de- +
slus = alone
dsprtus = despaired of, pp. of dsprre =
despair, f. de- + sprre = hope
dstittus = forsaken, pp. of dstituere, f. de+ statuere = set up, place
DESUETUDE
A121 , B112
DETECT
A121
uncover, expose
DETRACT
A122
DEVOLVE
roll down
A122
DIAPHORETIC
sudorific
A123
medicine of four
ingredients
DIFFUSE
confused,
A124 , B175 indistinct
DIATESSARON
A123
any numeral from

0 to 9
DILATORY
tending to cause
A125 delay
DIMIDIATION
halving
DIGIT
dsutd, f. dsuscere, dsut- = disuse,

become unaccustomed, f. de- + suscere = be
wont
dtect-, pp. stem of dtegere, f. de- + tegere =
cover
f. dtract-, pp. stem of dtrahere = draw off,
take away, disparage, f. de- + trahere = draw
dvolvere = roll down, f. de- + volvere = roll
diaphorticus Gr. diaphortiks, f.
diaphrsis = perspiration, f. diaphorein =
throw off by perspiration, f. dia- + phorein =
carry
diffssus = extensive, ample, prolix, pp. stem
of diffundere = pour out, f. dif- + fundere =
pour
digitus = finger, toe
A124
A125
stout cotton fabric
DIMITY
A125 , B125
instruct
DIRECT
A126
DISCREPANT
A127
examine by
argument
DISCUSS
A127
DISJUNCTIVE
A128
DISSIMULATE
A129
dissemble
DISSIPATE
scatter, dispel
A129
advise against
DISSUADE
dltrius, f. dltor = delayer, f. dlt-, pp.

stem of differre = defer
dmiditi, -n-, f. dmidit-, pp. stem of
dmidire, f. dmidium = half, f. di- + medius
= middle, mid
dimitum Gr. dmitos, f. di- + mtos = thread
of the warp
drectus, pp. of drigere, d- = straighten,
direct, guide, f. di-, de- + regere = put
straight, rule
discrepns, -ant-, prp. of discrepre = be
discordant, f. dis- + crepre = make a noise,
creak
f. discuss-, pp. stem of discutere = dash to
pieces, disperse, dispel, in Rom. investigate,
f. dis- + quatere = shake
disiunctvus, f. disiunct-, pp. stem of
disiungere
f. pp. stem of dissimulre, f. dis- + simulre,
f. similis = similar
f. pp. stem of dissipre, f. dis- + supre,
sipre = throw
dissudre, f. dis- + sudre = advise, urge
A129
DISTRIBUTE
A130
DIURNAL
A130
DIVULGE
occupying a day;
occuring daily
publish abroad
f. distribt-, pp.stem of distribuere, f. dis- +

tribuere = grant, assign
diurnlis, f. diurnus, f. dis = day
dvulgre = make commonly or publicly
known, f. di- + vulgre = publish, propagate,
A131
teachable
DOCILE
f. vulgus = common people

docilis, f. docre = teach
A131
adj.
DUPLICATE
A138
DURA MATER
outermost
envelope of brain
A138 and spinal cord
duplictus, pp. of duplicre, f. duplus, f. duo

= two + plic- = fold
L. = lit. hard mother, tr. Arab.; so called
because it was thought to be the source of
every other membrane in the body
E
ECCLESIASTIC
adj.
A141 , B138
ECLOGUE
pastoral dialogue
A141
EDICT
A142
building
EDIFICATION
ecclsiasticus Gr. ekklsiastiks, f.

ekklsiasts = member of the ecclesia or
public assembly of citizens, f. ekklsizein =
hold or summon to an assembly, summon to
church, f. ekkls = assembly, church, f.
ekklts, pp. adj. of ekkalein, f. ek = out, ex+ kalein = call, summon
ecloga = short poem Gr. eklog = selection,
esp. of poems, f. eklgein, f. ek = out, ex- +
lgein = choose
dictum, sb. use of n. pp. of dcere =
proclaim, f. e- + dcere = say, tell
dificti, -n-, f. dificre = build
A142
EDUCATE
A142
EDUCE
A142
lead or draw
forth
EJECT
A143
chosen, select
ELECT
f. pp. stem of ducre, rel. to dcere =

educe
dcere, f. e- + dcere = lead
f. iect-, pp. stem of icere, f. e- + iacere =
throw
lectus, pp. of ligere, f. e- + legere = choose
A144
ELEVATE
A144
ELOCUTION
A145
EMBLEM
literary or
oratorical style
allegorical
picture
A146
EMBROCATION
fomentation;
liniment
A146
correct
EMEND
f. pp. stem of levre, f. e- + levre = lighten,

raise, rel. to levis = light
locti, -n-, f. loct-, pp. stem of loqu =
speak out, f. e- + loqu = speak
emblma = inlaid work, raised ornament
Gr. mblma, -at- = insertion, f. embl-,
embllein = throw in, insert, f. em- + bllein
= throw
f. embrocre, f. embroc(h)a Gr. embrokh
= lotion, f. embrkhein = steep, foment, f.
em- + brkhein = wet
mendre, f. e- + menda = fault
A146
EMINENT
A146
conspicuous,
signal
ENEMA
A149
EPICENE
(gram.) of
f. prp. stem of minre, rel. to mns = mount

L. Gr. nema, f. eninai = send or put in,
inject, f. en- + hinai = send
epicnus Gr. epkoinos, f. epi- + koins =
A152
EQUATE
common gender
average
common
f. pp.stem of qure, f. quus = even
A152
ERUDITE
A154
ERUPTION
A154 , B431
ETHIC
A156 , B146
EUNUCH
A157
adj.
the plant eyebright
EUPHRASY
A157
EVACUATE
A157
recover (property)
EVICT
A158
EXALT
rudtus, pp. of rudre = instruct, f. e- +

rudis = rude
rupti, n-, f. rumpere, rupt- = burst
forth, f. e- + rumpere = break
thicus Gr. thiks, f. ethos = usage,
character, personal disposition
eunchus Gr. eunoukhos, f. eun = bed; lit.
bedchamber guard
euphrasia Gr. euphras = cheerfulness, f.
euphranein = be cheerful, f. eu- + phrn =
mind
f. pp. stem of vacure, f. e- + vacuus =
empty
f. vict-, pp. stem of vincere = conquer,
obtain by conquering, recover, overcome and
expel, eject judicially, prove
exaltre, f. ex- + altus = high
A158
EXCEL
A159
EXCEPT
1
A159
EXCEPT
leave out of
account
conj. unless
A159
EXCOMMUNICATE
A159
EXCORIATE
A159
remove the skin

from, flay
EXCRESCENCE
A159
EXEUNT
EXHIBIT
EXORBITANT
stage direction for

certain actors to
A160 leave the stage
offer, furnish,
A160 administer
deviating from the
right or normal
A160 path
excellere = be eminent, rise, raise, f. ex- +

cellere, rel. to celsus = high, columna =
column
f. except-, pp. stem of excipere, f. ex- +
capere = take
take
f. pp. stem of excommnicre, f. ex- +
commnis = common, after commnicre =
communicate
f. pp. stem of excorire, f. ex- + corium =
hide
excrscentia, f. prp. of excrscere = grow
out, ex- + crscere = grow
L. = they go out, 3rd pers. pl. pres. ind. of
exre = go out
f. exhibit-, pp. stem of exhibre, f. ex- +
habre = hold
prp. of exorbitre, f. ex- + orbita = orbit
expandere, f. ex- + pandere = spread
EXPAND
A160
expendere, f. ex- + pendere = weigh, pay
EXPEND
A161
EXPLAIN
A161
EXPORT
unfold (a matter),
give details of
carry away
explnre, f. ex- + plnus = plain

exportre, f. ex- + portre = carry
A161
EXQUISITE
A162
EXSICCATE
A162
EXTINCT
A162
EXTOL
A162
EXTRACT
A162
ingenious,
abstruse, choice
make dry, dry up
exqustus, pp. adj. of exqurere = search out,

f. ex- + qurere = search, seek
f. pp. stem of exsiccre, f. ex- + siccre, f.
siccus = dry
that has burned out ex(s)tinctus, pp. of extinguere, f. ex- +
stinguere = quench
lift up; praise
extollere, f. ex- + tollere = raise
highly, boast of
pp. derived,
f. extract-, pp. stem of extrahere, f. ex- +
descended
trahere = draw
F
F( A)ECES
dregs
pl. of fx = dregs
deception
fallcia, f. fallx, fallc-, f. fallere = deceive
A164
FALLACY
A165
fallibilis, f. fallere = deceive
FALLIBLE
A165
familia = household, f. famulus = servant
FAMILY
A165
bundle, cluster
fasciculus, dim. of fascis = bundle
disdainful,
scornful
FECULENT
turbid, as with
A168 dregs
FERMENT
leaven;
A169 , B156 fermentation
FERULE
giant fennel
fastdisus, f. fastdium = loathing
FASCICLE
A166
FASTIDIOUS
A167
fculentus, f. fx, fc- = dregs

fermentum, f. fervre = boil
ferula
A169
figmentum, f. fig-, base of fingere = fashion
FIGMENT
A171
flilis, f. flius = son, flia = daughter
FILIAL
A171 , B159
FORK
FORTALICE
FORUM
pronged
instrument for
A179 eating
fortress, small
A180 outwork
(Rom. antiq.)
market-place;
spec. in ancient
Rome a place of
assembly for
judicial and other
A180 business
FRANGIBLE
A181 , B169
FRANKPLEDGE
furca = pitchfork, forked stake

fortalitia, -itium, f. fortis = strong
forum, rel. to fors = (outside) door
frangibilis, f. frangere = break

system by which
each member of a
franciplegium, latinization of AN.

frauncplege, f. franc = frank + plege = pledge
tithing was
responsible for
A181 every other
frternlis, f. frternus, f. frter = brother
FRATERNAL
A182
f. frvolus = silly, trifling
FRIVOLOUS
A183
vb.
FRUSTRATE
A184
FRY
FULGENT
young or
insignificant
A184 creatures
(arch.) glittering
f. frustrate frustrtus, pp. of frustrre, f.

frustr = in vain, rel. to fraus = fraud
frium ON. fro, frj = seed
fulgns, -ent-, prp. of fulgre = shine
A184
FULMINATE
thunder forth; orig. f. pp. stem of fulminre, f. fulmen, -min- =

a rendering of
lightning
fulminre, used
spec. of formal
censure by eccl.
A184 authority
G
GENUFLEXION ,
-FLECTION
A192
GERMANDER
genuflexi, -n-, f. genuflectere, f. genu =

knee + flectere = bend
A192
bearing, carriage
GESTURE
germandr(e)a, alt. of gama(n)drea, for

chamedreos Gr. khamadruon, -drs =
ground-oak, f. khama = on the ground + drus
= oak
gestra, f. gest-, pp. stem of gerere = carry
A192
gladitor, f. gladius = sword
GLADIATOR
A194
GRATIS
for nothing, freely
grts, reduction of grtis, abl. pl. of grtia =

favour, grace
(leg.) writ
requiring a person
to be brought
before the court
first words of the writ beginning Habeas

corpus ad subiiciendum (etc.) = You shall
produce the body (of the person concerned,
in court) to undergo (what the court may
award) habes, 2nd pers. sg. pres. subj. of
habre = have, corpus = body
hpaticus Gr. hpatiks, f. hepar, hpat- =
liver
hrditmentum, f. hrditre, f. hrs,
hrd- = heir
hermaphrodtus Gr. hermaphrdtos, orig.
proper name of a son of Hermes and
Aphrodite, who grew together with the
A200
H
HABEAS CORPUS
A207
HEPATIC
A214
HEREDITAMENT
A215
HERMAPHRODITE
pert. to the liver,

liver-coloured
A215
HISTORY
story, tale;
methodical
narrative of
events, branch of
knowledge
A217 dealing with these
nymph Salmacis while bathing in her

fountain and so combined male and female
characters
historia Gr. histor = learning or knowing
by inquiry, narrative, history, f. hstr =
knowing, learned, wise man
I
IMMACULATE
A229
free, exempt
IMMUNE
A229
IMPEL
A229
IMPERTURBABLE
A229
(pl.) equipment,
outfit
IMPLEMENT
immacultus, f. im- + maculre, f. macula =

spot
immnis = exempt from a service or charge,
f. im- + mnis = ready for service
impellere, f. im- + pellere = drive
f. im- + perturbre, f. per- + turbre =
disturb
implmenta = (pl.) noun of instrument corr.
to implre = employ, spend
A230
carry as its
importre = mean, imply
purport, signify,
A230 imply
IMPORTUNATE
persistent in asking f. importnus
IMPORT
A230
that incites to
action
INCENTIVE
A232
shut in; comprise
INCLUDE
incentvus = that sets the tune, that provokes

or incites, f. incent-, var. of incant-, f.
incantre, f. in- + cantre = sing
incldere, f. in- + claudere = shut, close
A232
increase
INCREMENT
A232
INDISCREET
A233
INDIVIDUAL
without
discernment
indivisible
A233
INDUCE
A234
introduce; give
rise to, lead to
INEBRIATE
A234
INEVITABLE
A234
INFECT
INFERIOR
imbue esp.
injuriously; dye,
A234 stain
lower
A234
incrmentum, f. stem of incrscere, f. in- +

crscere = grow
indiscrtus
indvidulis, f. indviduus = indivisible,
inseparable, f. in- + dviduus = divisible, f.
dvidere = divide
f. inebriate ppl. adj. or pp. of inbrire, f. in+ brire = intoxicate, f. brius = drunk
f. in- + vitbilis, f. vtre, f. e- + vtre =
avoid
f. infect-, pp. stem of inficere = dip in, stain,
taint, spoil, f. in- + facere = put, do
compar. of inferus = low
INFINITE
A235
INFLECT
having no limit or
end
bend
infntus, f. in- + fntus, pp. of fnre = finish
pour in
f. infs-, pp. stem of infundere, f. in- +

fundere = pour
prp. of ingred = enter, f. in- + grad = step,
go
ingressus, f. pp. stem of ingred = enter, f. in+ grad = step, go
f. inhibit-, pp. stem of inhibre = hold in,
hinder, f. in- + habre = have, hold
inntus, pp. of innsc
inflectere, f. in- + flectere = bend
A235
INFUSE
A235
INGREDIENT
A236
INGRESS
A236
INHIBIT
A236
(eccl. law) forbid,

interdict
INNATE
A237
INOCULATE
set in (a bud or
scion), bud (a
A237 plant)
INSCRUTABLE
A237
impulse
INSTINCT
A238
INSTRUCT
impart knowledge
to
untouched,
A238 unblemished
A238
INTACT
INTEMPERATE
A238
INTERIOR
A239
situated (more)
within
f. pp. stem of inoculre = engraft, implant, f.

in- + oculus = eye
inscrtbilis, f. in- + scrtr = search,
examine
instinctus = instigation, impulse, f. instinct-,
pp. stem of instinguere = incite, impel, f. in+ stinguere = prick
f. instruct-, pp. stem of instruere = set up, fit
out, teach, f. in- + struere = pile up, build
intactus, f. in- + tctus, pp. of tangere =
touch
intempertus, f. in- + tempertus, pp. of
temperre = mingle, restrain oneself
compar. adj. f. inter = within
interlnere, inter- + linere, f. lnea = line
INTERLINE
A239
INTERROGATE
A240
INTERRUPT
A240
INTERVAL
A240
space between two

things
INTONE
f. pp. stem of interrogre, f. inter- + rogre

= ask
f. interrupt-, pp. stem of interrumpere, f.
inter- + rumpere = break
intervallum, f. inter- + vallum = rampart,
orig. palisading f. vallus = rampart
intonre, f. in- + tonus = tone
A240
INTRICATE
A240
INTROMIT
A240
INTUITION
contemplation,
view
make a hostile
A241 attack
bring in,
A241
INVADE
INVEIGHT
intrctus, pp. of intrcre = entangle,

perplex, f. in- + trc = trifles, tricks,
perplexities
intrmittere = introduce, f. intr- + mittere =
send
intuiti, -n-, f. in- + tuiti, -n- =
protection, f. tur = look after
invdere, f. in- + vdere = go
invehere = carry in, inveh = be borne into,
introduce
A241
come upon, find
INVENT
A241
INVINCIBLE
A241 , B570
INVIOLATE
A241
IRIS
rainbow
A242
IRRATIONAL
attack, assail with words, f. in- + vehere =

carry
f. invent-, pp. stem of invenre, f. in- + venre
= come
invincibilis, f. in- + vincibilis, f. vincere =
conquer
invioltus, f. in- + pp. of violre = violate
ris Gr. iris = rainbow, coloured circle, etc.,
ir- + ratinlis, f. rati = reason
A242
J
JUDAICAL
Idaicus Gr. Ioudaiks, f. Ioudaios = Jew

A249
JURAT
municipal official
or magistrate in
the Cinque Ports,
the Channel
Islands, and some
A250 French towns, etc.
irtus, f. irre = swear
K
--L
lbilis, f. lb = fall
LABILE
A256
LASCIVIOUS
A259
of laurel
LAUREATE
A260
slack, not strict
LAX
lascvisus, f. lascvia = licentiousness, f.

lascvus = sportive, lustful, wanton
laurus
laxus = loose
A261
lawfully begotten
LEGITIMATE
A263
mastic tree
LENTISK
lgitimtus, pp. of lgitimre = declare to be

lawful, legitimize, f. lgitimus, f. lx, lg- =
law
lentiscus, prob. of alien orig.
A263
libdinsus, f. libd, -din- = lust
LIBIDINOUS
A265
licitus, pp. of licre = be lawful
LICIT
A265
LIMB
limbo of Hell
limbus = hem, selvage, fringe
A266 , B264
LINEAMENT
A267
distinctive feature
LINIMENT
grease
lnementum, f. lnere = make straight, f.

lnea = line
linimentum, f. linere = smear, annoint
A267
LONGANIMITY
A271
long-suffering
longanimits, f. longanimis (f. longus = long,

animus = mind)
spotted
macultus, pp. of maculre, f. macula = spot
dregs of a semiliquid substance
L. Gr. mgma = thick unguent, f. base magof mssein = knead

pl. magnts, f. magnus = great
magnetic oxide
of iron
kind of cement
magnta, acc. of magns Gr. mgns, for

ho Mgns lthos = the Magnesian stone
L. Gr. mltha, mlth = mixture of wax and
pitch
mansus, -a,-um = dwelling, house, measure
of land, f. mns, pp. stem of manre =
remain, stay
marcasta Arab. Pers.
M
MACULATE
A275
MAGMA
A276
MAGNATE
A276
MAGNET
A276
MALTHA
A278
mansion house
MANSE
A280
MARCASITE
A281
MAT
A284
MATURE
A285
MEDICK
A287
MELLIFLUOUS
A288
MEMENTO
A288
MENDICANT
piece of material
laid on a surface
for protection
fully developed or
ripened
plant of the genus
Medicago
sweet as if flowing
with honey
either of two
prayers beginning
with memento =
remember in the
canon of the Mass
sb. beggar
A289
atmospheric
phenomenon
METEOR
A291
MINIM
MINUS
MINUTE
(mus.) note half

the value of a
A294 semibreve
with the deduction
A294 of
chopped small
L. matta
mtrus = timely, early, f. mtu-, rel. to mne
= early, in the morning
mdica Gr. mdik = Median
mellifluus, f. mel = honey + flu-, f. fluere =
flow
mement, imper. of meminisse = remember
pp. of mendcre = beg, f. mendcus =

beggar, f. mendum = fault, blemish
meterum of Gr. metron, sb. use of n. of
metros = raised up, lofty, f. met = meta- +
er-, var. of base of aerein = raise
ellipt. or absol. uses of minimus, -a, -um =
least
L. = less, n. of minor
mintus, pp. of minuere = lessen, diminish
A295
MISSIVE
MITIGATE
letter m. , (orig.
techn.) letter sent
by a superior
A296 authority
appease; alleviate,
missvus, f. miss-, pp. stem of mittere = let

go, send
f. pp. stem of mtigre, f. mtis = mild, gentle
lessen the violence

or burden of
(leg.) warrant to
the keeper of a
prison to hold the
A297 person sent
A296
MITTIMUS
MIXTURE
A297 , B304
MODICUM
moderate amount
A297
MONASTERY
A298
MYSTERY
A307
N
NICENE
trade guild or
company
pert. to Nicaea in
Bithynia (coucils
of the Church held
A312 there)
L. = we send, the first word of the writ; 1st

pers. pl. pres. ind. of mittere = let go, send
mixtra, f. mixt-, pp. stem of miscre =
mingle, mix
modicum = little way, short time, n. sg. of
modicus = moderate, f. modus = measure,
mode
monastrium Gr. monastrion, f. monzein
= live alone, f. mnos = alone
misterium, contr. of ministerium = ministry,
by assoc. with mystrium
Ncnus, Ncnus
O
OBDURATE
A318
OBLONG
A319
OBLOQUY
A319
readily compliant
OBSEQUIOUS
A319
OMIT
obdrtus, pp. of obdrre, f. ob- + drre =

harden
oblongus = somewhat long, oblong, elliptical,
f. ob- + longus = long
obloquium = contradiction, f. ob- + loqu =
speak
obsequisus, f. obsequium, f. obsequ =
comply with, f. ob- + sequ = follow
omittere, f. ob- + mittere = send, let go
A322
OPAQUE
(arch.) dark, dull
opcus
assault, besiege
oppugnre = fight against, f. op- + pugnre =

fight
orphanus Gr. orphans, rel. to orbus =
bereft, Arm. orb = orphan
A323
OPPUGN
A324
ORPHAN
A326
(one) deprived of
parents
P
PAGEANT
PALL
stage on which
AL. pagina
scenes were acted,
esp. in the open-air
performances of
A331 the miracle plays
cloth spread on a
pallium = Greek mantle, philosophers cloak,
coffin or hearse;
papal pallium;
mantle of cloud,
A331
PALPABLE
mist, smoke
plainly observable
millet
pncum, rel. to pnus = stalk of a panicle
pattern, example
paradgma Gr. pardeigma = example, f.

paradeiknnai = show side by side, f. para+ deiknnai = show
parliamentum, based on ME parliment =
talk, conference, deliberative assembly,
Great Council of the realm
parsimnia, f. pars-, pp. stem of parcere =
refrain, spare
f. pater = father + arch. g. of familia =
family
A332
PANIC
A333
PARADIGM
A335
PARLIAMENT
A337
(arch.) care in the

use of money
PATERFAMILIAS
male head of a
family or
A340 household
PECULIAR
that is ones own
PARSIMONY
A338
A342
indigence, want;
dearth
PERAMBULATION
travelling through
a place, tour; spec.
for the purpose of
recording
A354 boundaries
PENURY
pecliris = not held in common with others,

f. peclium = property, f. pecu = herd
pnria, pnria, perh. rel. to pne = almost
A345
PERMEABLE
A347
PERMISSION
A347 , B303
PERMUTE
A347
PERQUISITE
A347
PERUSE
A348
PICTURE
A352
PILE
1
A352
PILE
change,
transmute
property acquired
otherwise than by
inheritance
use up; go
through so as to
examine, revise,
etc.
pictorial
representation;
individual painting
or drawing
(her.) charge of the
form
haemorrhoid
perambulti, -n-, f. perambulre
permebilis, f. permere, f. per- + mere =

pass, go
permissi, -n-, f. pp. stem of permittere =
surrender, allow, f. per- + mittere = let go
perqustum = acquisition, sb. use of n. of pp.
of perqurere = search diligently for, f. per- +
qurere = seek
AL. persre, persitre = use up, f. per- +
sre, sitr = use often, frequent. f. s- =
use
pictra = painting, f. pict-, pp. stem of
pingere = paint, embroider
plum = javelin
pila = ball
A353
PINE
become wasted
pna, pna
sea-robber
prta Gr. peirts, f. peiran = attempt,

attack, peira = attempt, trial, f. per- as in
A353
PIRATE
A354
right of fishing
PISCARY
A354
PLACABLE
A355 , B376
PODAGRA
A359
agreeable
POLITE
polished
gout
peril
piscria = fishing rights, n.pl. use sb. of
piscrius, f. piscis = fish
plcbilis, f. plcre = be pleasing, pp. stem
of plctL. Gr. podgr, f. pos, pod- = foot + gr
= seizure, trap
poltus, pp. of polre = polish
A360
PORRECT
(techn.) stretch out
f. porrect-, pp. stem of porrigere, f. por- =

pro- + regere = stretch, direct
portendere, f. por- = pro- + tendere = stretch
powerful
ptns, -ent-, prp. of potre, posse = be

powerful or able
the opening words of the writ, prcipe quod
reddat = enjoin that he render; imper. of
prcipere
A362
PORTEND
A363
POTENT
A364
(leg.) writ
requiring
something to be
A365 done
PRAEMUNIRE
(leg.) in full p.
pacias = name of a
writ derived from
a formula in the
A365 text of it
PRAETOR , U.S.
magistrate of
PRETOR
ancient Rome
A365 , B235
PRECEPT
writ, warrant
PRAECIPE
A366
PRECINCT
A366
PRECONIZE
A366
PRESCRIBE
A368
PREVAIL
A369
PREVENT
A369
PRICKET
A369
PRIMA FACIE
A369
PRIMARY
prmunre = fortify or protect in front,

forewarn, admonish
prtor, f. pritor = one who goes before, f.

pr = pre + pp. stem of re = go
prceptum = maxim, order, sb. use of n. pp.

of prcipere = take beforehand, warn,
instruct, enjoin, f. pr = pre- + capere = take
space enclosed by prcinctum, also pl. prcincta, sb. uses of n.
boundaries; district pp. of prcingere = gird about, encircle, f.
or province of
pr = pre- + cingere = gird
government
proclaim publicly
prcnzre, f. prc, -n- = public crier,
herald
hold by
prscrbere, f. pr = pre- + scrbere = write
prescription
be superior, gain
the ascendant
act in anticipation f. prvent-, pp. stem of prvenre = precede,
of
anticipate, hinder, f. pr = pre- + venre =
come
buck in its second AL. prikettus, -um, dim. f. prick
year, having
straight
unbranched horns
prm fci, i.e. abl. of fem. prmus = first,
prime and of facis = face
earliest, original
prmrius = chief, principal, f. prmus =
A369
supposed
outermost sphere
added to the
Ptolemaic system,
carrying with it
other spheres in its
A370 revolution
pert. to the earliest
A370 period
not open to the
public; not holding
a public position
PRIMUM MOBILE
PRISTINE
PRIVATE
A370
PROBATE
A371
PRODUCE
official proving of
a will
bring forward
prime
L. = first moving thing, n. of prmus = first,
prime and mbilis = mobile
pristinus, f. base of priscus = early, prmus =

first, prime
prvtus = withdrawn from public life,
peculiar to oneself, sb. man in private life,
prop. pp. of prvre = bereave, deprive, f.
prvus = single, individual, private
probtum = thing proved, sb. use of n. pp. of
probre = prove
prdcere, f. pro- + dcere = lead
A371
liberal to excess
PROFUSE
spokesman of an
assembly
extend in duration
prfsus, adj. use of pp. of prfundere =

pour forth, f. pro- + fundere = pour
prgressus, f. pp. stem of prgred = go
forward, f. pro- + grad = step, walk, go, f.
gradus = step
f. prohibit-, pp. stem of prhibre = hold
back, prevent, forbid, f. pr = in front of,
pro- + habre = hold
prloctor = pleader, advocate, agent-noun
of prloqu = speak out
prlongre, f. pro- + longus = long
expel
prpellere, f. pro- + pellere = drive
adj.
proprietrius, f. propriets = property
follow up, go on
with
f. prsect-, pp. stem of prsequ = pursue,

accompany, f. pro- + sequ = follow
prosdia = accent of a syllable Gr.
prosid = song sung to music, tone of a
syllable, f. prs = to + id = ode
prspectus = look-out, view, f. prspicere, f.
pro- + specere = look
prvidre = foresee, attend to, f. pro- +
vidre = see
A372
onward march;
visit of state
PROGRESS
A372
PROHIBIT
A372
PROLOCUTOR
A372
PROLONG
A372
PROPEL
A373
PROPRIETARY
A374
PROSECUTE
A374
PROSODY
A374
PROSPECT
view afforded by a
position
(intr.) exercise
foresight; furnish
A375 for use; fit out
action of a
substitute or
A375 deputy
sb.
A374
PROVIDE
PROXY
PURPLE
A379
prcrtia, repl. prcrti = procuration

purpura Gr. porphr = shellfish that
yielded the Tyrian purple dye, dye itself,
cloth died therewith
Q
QUARRY
QUASI
open-air
excavation from
which stone is
A382 obtained
as it were
sb. set of four
things
reduced form of quansei, f. qum, acc. sg.

fem. of the base of who, what + sei, s = if
quater = four times, f. base of quattuor = four
essence of a thing
quiddits, f. quid = what
lasting five years
f. quinquennis, f. quinque- + annus = year
clear, discharged
prob. colloq. use of quittus = quit
A382
QUATERNARY
quarreia, shortened var. of quareria = OF.

quarriere, f. quarre L. quadrum = square
A382
QUIDDITY
A383
QUINQUENNIAL
A384
QUITS
A384
QUORUM
QUOTIENT
justice of the
peace whose
presence was
necessary on the
A385 bench, later gen.
result obtained by
dividing one
quantity by
A385 another
g. pl. of qu = who; taken from the wording

of commissions designation such persons,
quorum vos...duos (etc.) esse volumus = of
whom we will that you be...two (etc.)
quotins = how many times (f. quot = how
many), taken as a prp. in ns
R
shining brightly
RADIANT
A386
RAPT
RARE
RECEDE
carried away by
force; carried
A388 away in spirit
not thick or
closely set; few
and widely
separated; of
A389 unusual merit
retire from a place
radins, -ant-, prp. of radire = radiate, f.

radius = ray
rrus
recdere, f. re- + cdere = go, cede
A391
RECLINE
A392 , B229
RECOGNITION
lay down
(Sc. leg.)
resumption of
lands by a feudal
A392 superior
RECREATE
restore to a good
or wholesome
A393 condition, refresh
REDINTEGRATE
restore to
reclnre = bend back, lay aside, recline, f.

re- + clnre = lean
recogniti, -n-, f. recognit-, pp. stem of
recognoscere = examine, recognize, f. re- +
congnoscere = get to know, investigate, f. co+ gnscere = know
f. pp. stem of recrere, f. re- + crere =
create
f. pp. stem of redintegrre, f. red- +
completeness or
unity
bring or restore to
a condition; bring
into subjection,
A394 bring down
divert, deflect
integrre = integrate
A394
REDUCE
REFLECT

reflectere, f. re- + flectere = bend
A394
REJECT
A396
RELAX
refuse to have,
recognize, etc.
loosen
f. reiect-, re- + pp. stem of iacere = throw
send back
remandre = send back word, repeat a

command, f. re- + mandre = command,
send word
remissus, adj. use of pp. remittere = slacken,
relax, remit
relaxre, f. re- + laxus = lax
A396
REMAND
A397
REMISS
diluted, weak,
mild; slack, lax,
A397 loose
remtus, pp. of removre = remove
REMOTE
A398
repellere, f. re- + pellere = drive
REPEL
A399
replace
REPOSE
A399
RESOLUTE
determine,
absolute; of fixed
A400 resolve
RESPLENDENT
A401
RESULT
RETRACT
arise as a
consequence or
A401 effect
draw back
A402
turn over in the

mind, consider
RITE
general use or
practice, esp. in
A406 , B425 religion
ROGATION
(Rom. hist.)
submission by
consuls, etc. of a
proposed law to
A407 the people
ROSARY
rose-garden
REVOLVE
f. re- + pose, after repnere, re- + ponere =

place
resoltus, pp. of resolvere, f. re- + solvere =
solve
resplendns, -ent-, prp. of resplendre, f. re+ splendre = shine
resultre = spring back, reverberate, re-echo,
f. re- + saltre = leap
f. retract-, pp. stem of retrahere, f. re- +
trahere = draw
A403
A408
evergreen shrub
ROSEMARY
rtus = (religious) usage

rogti, -n-, f. rogre = ask
rosrium = rose-garden, sb. uses of n. and m.

of adj. f. rosa = rose
rs marnus = sea-dew; rsmarnum
A408
pert. to the country rsticus, f. rs = country
RUSTIC
A411
S
SALINE
pert. to salt
salnum, f. sl = salt
half-shoe for
ceremonial wear
taste
sandalium Gr. sandlion, dim. of sndalon

= wooden shoe
sapor, f. sapere = have a taste
pert. to reptiles of
the order Sauria
ladder
f. Sauria, f. Gr. sar, saros = lizard
A411
SANDAL
A416
SAPOR
A417
SAURIAN
A418
SCALE
A419
SCAPULAR
A420
SCRIBBLE
A424
SCUTAGE
A425
SCUTTLE
A425
SECLUDE
monastic garment
covering the
shoulders
write carelessly or
hastily
(hist.) tax levied on
knights fees, esp.
in lieu of military
service
wide-mouthed
basket
shut off or away
scla usu. pl. steps, staircase, ladder, f. base

of scandere = climb
scapulre, f. scapula = shoulder
scrbillre, dim. f. scrbere = write
sctgium, f. sctum = shield

platter
scldere, f. se- + claudere = shut
A426
SECRETARY
SEDUM
SEMINARY
one employed to
conduct
correspondence,
A426 keep records, etc.
(bot.) genus the
British species of
which are known
A427 as stonecrop
seed-plot
A428
adj. older, elder
SENIOR

L.
sminrium, sb. use of n. of sminrius, f.

smen, smin- = seed
A429
vb.
SEPARATE
A429
SESAME
A431
SHAMBLES
E. Indian plant,
Sesamum indicum
(dial.) meat-market
f. pp. stem of sparre, f. se- + parre =

make ready, prepare
ssamum, ssamum, ssama, -ima Gr.
ssamon, ssm
scamellum, dim. of scamnum = bench
A433
SINISTER
marked by illwill, suspicion,

dishonesty;
situated on, or
directed to, the left
A440 side
sinister = left
slris, f. sl = sun
SOLAR
A448
loosen, unbind
SOLVE
A449
SPARTAN
native of Sparta
solvere = unfasten, free, pay, for seluere, f.

se- + luere = pay
Spartnus, f. Sparta (Gr. Spart)
A452
SPERMACETI
STANNARY
fatty substance
obtained from the
A453 sperm whale
the Stannaries, the
districts
comprising the tin
mines and smelting
works of Cornwall
A459 and Devon
spermact, f. sperma = sperm + ct, g. of

ctus Gr. ketos = whale
stannria n. pl., f. stannum = tin, properly
stagnum = alloy of silver and tin
studns, -ent-, prp. of studre = be eager or

diligent, study
subdvdere, f. sub- + dvdere = divide
STUDENT
A467
SUBDIVIDE
A469
SUBJUGATE
A469
SUBORDINATE
A469
SUBPOENA
SUBSCRIBE
(leg.) writ issued

by a court
commanding the
appearance of a
A469 person
write (ones name)
A469 on
SUBSEQUENT
A469 , B448
SUCCINT
A470
SUMMARY
SUPERFINE
adj.
pp. girded, girt
comprising the
chiefs points or
A472 substance
extremely subtle
A473
SUPERFLUOUS
A473
SUPINE
A473
SUPPLICATE
subscrbere, f. sub- + scrbere = write

subsequns, -ent-, prp. of subsequ, f. sub- +
sequ = follow
succintus, pp. of succingere, f. sub- +
cingere = gird
summrius, f. summa = sum
superfnus, f. super- + fnus = fine
f. superfluus, f. super- + fluere = flow
adj. lying on ones

back
beg humbly
A473
obtained by
fraudulent
A475 misrepresentation
(arch.) sigh (for)
SURREPTITIOUS
SUSPIRE
f. pp. stem of subiugre, f. sub- + iugum =

yoke
subordintus, pp. of subordinre, f. sub- +
ordinre, f. rd, rdin- = order
sub pn = under penalty, being the first
words of the writ
supnus, f. sup- repr. in super = above,

superus = higher, superior
f. pp. stem of supplicre, f. sub- + plic- =
bend
f. surrepttius, cius, f. surrept-, pp. stem of
surripere = seize secretely, make false
suggestions, f. sub- + rapere = seize
susprre, f. sub- + sprre = breathe
A475
SYMBOL
summary of
Christian belief,
symbolum Gr. smbolon = mark, token,

watchword, f. sym- + bol-, as in bol, blos
A478
SYRINGE
creed
sb.
= a throw
syringa, f. syrinx Gr. surigx = pipe, tube,
channel
plant of the genus

Tamarix
tamariscus, var. of earlier tamarix
A479
T
TAMARISK
A481
TEDIOUS
A484 , B518
TEGUMENT
A485
TEMPER
tdisus, f. tdium = weariness, disgust

covering, envelope tegumentum, f. tegere = cover
chiefly in various
senses of
temperament and
A485 temperature
TERRESTRIAL
earthly, mundane
f. terrestris, f. terra = earth
A487
territrium, f. terra = land
TERRITORY
A487
TESTICLE
A488
weaving
TEXTURE
testiculus, dim. of testis = witness (the organ

being evidence of virility)
textra, f. text-, pp. stem of texere = weave
A488
THURIBLE
A492 , B531
TINCTURE
A494
TINGE
TITAN
censer
hue, colour (spec.

in her.)
impart a slight
change of colour
A494 to
the sun-god
A495
TITTLE
smallest part or
amount
tractate, (later)
A500 short pamphlet
t(h)ribulum, f. t(h)s, t(h)r- = incense Gr.

thos = sacrifice, offering, incense
tinctra = dyeing, f. tinct-, pp. stem of
tingere = dye, tinge
tingere = dip in liquid, moisten
Ttan, -n-, elder brother of Kronos Gr.
Ttn, pl. Ttanes
titulus = title
A495
TRACT
poss. shortening of tracttus = tractate

tracttus, f. tractre = treat
TRACTATE
A500
TRANSCEND
A501 , B439
TRANSFUSE
A501
rise above, surpass

pour from one
place to another
TRANSPLANT
A502
TRIVIAL
pert. to the trivium

of medieval
A506 learning

transfs-, pp. stem of transfundere, f. trans- +
fundere = pour, melt, found
transplantre, f. trans- + plantre, perh. orig.
= thrust in with the sole of the foot (planta)
trivilis, f. tri- + via = way
f. trunctus, f. truncus = trunk
TRUNCATED
A507
TUN
measure of wine,
OE. tunne L. tunna
A508
etc. equiv. to 4
hogsheads
U
UNGUENT
ointment, salve
unguentum, f. unguere = anoint
trans. make one
f. nt-, pp. stem of nre = join together, f.

nus = one
A515
UNITE
A515
V
VENEREAL
VENERY
VENTILATE
pert. to sexual
desire or
A522 intercourse
indulgence of
A522 sexual desire
blow away
A523
(leg.) against
VERSUS
A524
VICTIM
living creature
offered in sacrifice
that is to say,
A526 namely
(leg.) copy of a
document bearing
an attestation that
A526 it is authentic
wine merchant
A526
VIDELICET
VIDIMUS
VINTNER
A527
violet
VIOLA
f. venerus, f. venus, vener- = love

veneria, f. venus, vener- = love
f. pp. stem of ventilre = brandish, fan,
winnow, agitate, discuss, air a subject, f.
ventus = wind
versus = towards, in the sense of adversus =
against
victima, perh. rel to Goth. weihan =
consecrate
vidlicet, f. vid-, stem of vidre = see + licet
= it is permissible
vdimus = we have seen, 1st pers. pl. perf. of
vidre = see
AL. vintenrius, var. of vini-, vin(e)trius
AN., OF L. vntrius, -trius, f. vntum
= vineyard, f. vnum = wine
viola = violet
A527
VIOLATE
VISUAL
VULGAR
W
--X
--Y
---
infringe,
f. pp. stem of violre, f. vs, vi- = force
transgress; ravish,
rape; desecrate,
A527 profane
proceeding from
vsulis, f. vsus = sight, f. vs
A528 the eye
sb. the vernacular vulgris, f. vulgus, volgus = the common
A530
people
Z
ZEDOARY
A551
(root of) species of zedorium Arab. zadwr

Curcuma
8. The Sixteenth Century

A
abacus, f. Gr. bax, abak- = table
ABACUS
A1
f. pp. stem of abdicre, f. ab- + dicre =

proclaim
abdmen = lower part of the belly
ABDICATE
A1
ABDOMEN
A1
ABERRATION
A1
sb. outcast
ABJECT
A1
sg. aborigine 19th

century
ABORIGINES
A2
ABORTION
A2
ABROGATE
A2
broken away or
off; sudden
ABRUPT
aberrti, n, f. aberrre = to wander from,

f. ab- + errre
abiectus, pp. of abicere, f. ab- + iacere =
throw
aborgins = pl. the first inhabitants of Latin
and Italy; usu. expl. as f. ab- + origine (abl.
of origo) = from the beginning
aborti = an untimely birth, from abortus, pp.
of aborr = to fail, from ab- + orr = to
grow, arise
f. pp. stem of abrogre, f. ab- + rogre =
propose (a law)
abruptus, pp. of abrumpere, f. ab- + rumpere
= break
A2
ABSCOND
A2
ABSTRUSE
A2 , B232
ABSURD
abscondere, f. abs- + condere = put together,

stow
abstrsus = difficult, concealed, pp. of
abstrdere = thrust away, f. abs- + trdere =
thrust
absurdus
A2 , B504
abyssus Gr. bussos = unfathomable
ABYSS
A3
ACCELERATE
f. pp. stem of accelerre, f. ac- + celer =
A3
ACCOMMODATE
A3
ACCUMULATE
A3
ACROSTIC
A4
stage-player
ACTOR
swift
f. pp. stem of accommodre = to fit, suit,
adapt, f. ac- + commodus = fit
f. pp. stem of cumulre = to heap up, f. ac- +
cumulus = heap
acrostichis Gr. akrostikhs, f. kros =
endmost
ctor, f. ct-, f. ctus = doing
A4
registrar
ACTUARY
A4
ACTUATE
A4
ACUMEN
cturius = shorthand writer, keeper of

accounts, f. ctus = doing
f. pp. stem of cture, f. ctus, pp. stem of
agere = do
acmen, f. acuere = sharpen
A5
devote or apply
habitually, mainly
A5 in pp. addicted
ADDICT
addictus, pp. of addcere, f. ad- + dcere =

appoint, allot
adhrre, f. ad- + hrre = stick
ADHERE
A5 , B213
adiunctus, -um, pp. of adiungere = adjoin
ADJUNCT
A5
adj.
ADULT
adultus, pp. of adolscere = grow up
A6
commit adultery;
debauch; falsify,
A6 debase
shadow forth,
A6 prefigure
aerial;etherial
ADULTERATE
ADUMBRATE
AERY
f. pp. stem of adulterre = corrupt

f. pp. stem of adumbrre, f. ad- + umbra =
shade, shadow
erius, f. er = air
A7
AETIOLOGY ,
ETIOLOGY
U.S.
doctrine of cause
or causation
tiologia Gr. aitiolog, f. ait = cause
have a liking for
A7 , B150
AFFECTED

affectus, pp. of afficere = act upon, influence,
f. ad- + facere = do
AFFOREST
afforestre, f. af- + foresta = forest
A7
AFFECT
sought after,
cherished;
assumed; full of
affection; having
disposition or
A7 affection
convert into forest
A7
AFRICAN
adj.
fricnus, f. frica, f. fr (sg. fer)
unite as with glue
f. pp. stem of agglutinre, f. ag- + glten =

glue
f. pp. stem of aggravre, f. ag- + gravis =
heavy
A8
AGGLUTINATE
A8
AGGRAVATE
burden; add
weight or gravity
A8
to
AGITATE
A8
AGNATE
A8
ALBUMEN
kinsman by the
fathers side
white of egg
f. pp. stem of agitre = move to and fro,

frequent. of agere = do
f. agntus, f. ad- + (g)ntus = born
albmen, f. albus = white
A10
ALECOST
ALGA
the plant
f. ale + cost; costum Gr. kstos = plant used
Chrysanthemum
as a spice
balsamita,
formerly used for
giving a flavour to
A10 ale
pl. algae
alga = seaweed
A10
ALGEBRA
A10
ALIAS
branch of
mathematics
otherwise named
A10
ALIQUOT
algebra Arab. al-jabr, jabr = reunion of

broken parts
alis = at another time, otherwise, f. alius =
other
aliquot = some several
A11
ALKALI
salwort, Salsola
kali
play upon; refer
A11 to
A11
ALLUDE
ALTERNATE
A12
AMARANTH
mythical fadeless
flower; genus of
A13 ornamental plants

fry
alldere, f. al- + ldere = play, f. ldus =
game
alterntus, pp. of alternre = do things by
turns, f. alternus, f. alter = one or other of
two, second
amaranthus, alt. after names in -anthus (Gr.
nthos = flower)
amtrius, f. amtor = lover, f. pp. stem of
amre = love
ambidexter, f. ambi-, comb. form of amb =
both + dexter = righ-handed
ambient-, prp. stem of ambre = go round, f.
amb- + re = go
ambiguus, f. ambigere = go round, f. ambi- +
agere = drive
ambitus circuit, f. ambre = go round
AMATORY
A13
AMBIDEXTER
A13
AMBIENT
A13 , B11
AMBIGUOUS
A13
AMBIT
A13
AMBROSIA
fabled food of the

Greek gods
ambrosia Gr. ambros = immortality, elixir

of life, mbrotos = immortal
(pros.) foot
Americnus, f. America, f. L. form, Americus

Vesputius, of the name of the It. navigator
Amerigo Vespucci
anapstus Gr. anpaistos = reversed
(rhet.) repetition
L. Gr. anaphor = carrying back, f.
A13
AMERICAN
A13
ANAPAEST
A15
ANAPHORA
A15
ANARCHY
A15
ANATHEMA
A15
ANEMONE
curse, accursed
thing
genus of plants
A16
ANGELICA
anaphrein = carry up or back, f. an = ana+ phrein = bear

anarchia Gr. anarkhi, f. an- + arkhs =
leader
anathema Gr. anthema = accursed thing
anemn Gr. anemn, perh. f. nemos =
wind
short for herba angelica = angelic plant
A16
ANGINA
quinsy
angina = quinsy Gr. agkhn = strangling
observe
animadvertere, i.e. animum advertere = turn

the mind to
animalculum, dim. of animal
A16
ANIMADVERT
A16
tiny animal
ANIMALCULE
A17
vb.
ANIMATE
A17
ANNO DOMINI
A17
ANNULAR
A17 , B14
ANODYNE
A17
ring-shaped,
ringed
(med.) assuaging
pain
ANTICIPATE
A18
contradiction
ANTINOMY
A18
ANTIRRHINUM
A18
AORTA
f. pp. stem of animre = give life to, f. anima

= air, breath, life, soul
abl. of annus = year and gen. of dominus =
lord
annulris, f. annulus, late form of nulus,
dim. of nus = ring
andynus Gr. andynos = free from pain, f.
an- + odn = pain
f. pp. stem of anticipre, f. ante- + capere =
take
antinomia Gr. antinom, f. anti- + nmos =
law
L. Gr. antrrhnon, f. ant = counterfeiting,
anti- + rhs, rhn = nose
L. Gr. aort, f. aerein = raise
A19
(gram.) cutting off

the end of a word
APOLOGY
defence,
justification,
acknowledgement
A19 , B269 of offence given
APOSIOPESIS
(gram.) sudden
breaking-off in the
middle of speech
APOCOPE
L. Gr. apokop, f. apokptein = cut off
A19
apologia Gr. apolog = speech in defence
L. Gr. aposipesis, f. aposipan = be silent,

f. apo- + sip = be silent
A19
APOSTROPHE
A19
APPENDIX
(rhet.)
exclamatory
address
pl. ices, ixes
A20
compliant
APPLICABLE
L. Gr. apostroph = turning away

appendix, -ic-, f. appendere, f. ap- + pendre
= hang
applicre , f. ap- + plicre = fold
A20
AQUEDUCT
aquductus, i.e. aqu, g. of aqua = water,
A21
ARCADIAN
ARCANA
ARDUOUS
ductus = conveyance
f. Arcadius, f. Gr. Arkad district in the
A21
Peloponnese
mysterious secrets n. pl. of arcnus = hidden, secret, f. arca =
A21
chest
difficult, laborious f. arduus = high, steep, difficult
A22, C48
AREA
clear open space;

superficial extent
back-foremost,
A23 upside-down
inflammation of a
A23 joint
adj.
rea = vacant piece of ground
A22
ARSY -VERSY
ARTHRITIS
ARTICULATE
A23
ASPARAGUS
f. arse + versus = turned, f. vertere = turn

arthrtis Gr. arthritis, f. rthron = joint
articultus = joined, pp. of articulre, f.
articulus, dim. of artus = joint, f. base ar- =
join
L. Gr. aspragos
A24
liliaceous plant
ASPHODEL
A24
ASSEVERATION
A25
ASSIDUOUS
A25
sb. companion,
colleague
ASSUME
claim, take for
A25 granted
ASTRINGENT
causing
contraction of
A26 , B22 bodily tissues
ASYNDETON
(gram.)
construction in
which a
conjunctive
A26 element is omitted
ATOMY
(arch.) atom, tiny
A27 being
ASSOCIATE
A25
ATTENUATE
A27
ATTIC
A27
of Attica,
Athenian
asphodelus Gr. asphdelos

assevrti, -n-, f. assevrre, f. as- +
sevrus = grave, severe
assiduus, f. assidre = attend or apply oneself
to
associtus, pp. of associre, f. as- + socius =
sharing, allied
assmere, f. as- + smere = take
astringns, -ent-, f. astringere, f. ad- +
stringere = bind, draw tight
L. Gr. asndeton, n. of asndetos =
unconnected
prob. f. atom, pl. of atomus Gr. tomos, f.

a- + tomos = cutting
f. pp. stem of attenure, f. at- + tenure, f.
tenuis = thin
Atticus Gr. Attiks
aucti, -n-, f. auct-, pp. stem of augre =
increase
audx, audc-, f. audre = dare
AUCTION
A28
AUDACIOUS
A28
audbilis, f. audre = hear
AUDIBLE
A28
AVERSE
A29
opposed,
disinclined
versus, pp. of vertere, f. -, ab- + vertere =

turn
avirium, f. avis = bird
AVIARY
A29
B
pert. to Bacchus
BACCHANAL
A31
BALLISTA
ancient missile
engine
marine
A34 crustacean
baccnlis, f. Bacchus Gr. Bkkhos = god

of wine
L., f. Gr. bllein = throw
A32
BARNACLE
BASILICA
A34
large cannon
BASILISK
A34
BATTELS
A35
BELLIGERENT
A38
BIB
A40
BINOMIAL
A41 , B324
BISSEXTILE
A41
BONA FIDE
A45
BREVIARY
A49
BRIONY
A52
BUCKTHORN
A52
BUCOLIC
A52
BULB
bernaca, -eca
L. Gr. basilik, sb. use of fem. of basiliks
= royal, f. basiles = king
basiliscus Gr. basilskos, dim. of basiles =
king
batill
(pl.) college
account at Oxford
for board etc.
waging war
belligerant-, prp. stem of belligerre, f.
bellum = war + gerere = carry
sb. cloth to
bibere = drink
protect the front
of a childs dress
(math.) having
binmius, f. bi- + nmen = name
two terms
leap(-year)
bis(s)extilis (sc. annus = year) = year of the
bissextus intercalary day inserted in the
Julian calendar every fourth year after the
sixth day before the calends of March (24
Feb.), f. bis = twice + sextus = sixth
L. = with good faith, abl. of bona fem. of
bonus = good + abl. of fds = faith
epitome
brevirium = summary, abridgement, f.
brevire = abridge, abbreviate
climbing plant of brynia Gr. brun
genus Bryonia
shrub Rhamnus
tr. L. cervi spina = stags horn
catharticus
pastoral, rustic;
bcolicus Gr. boukoliks, f. bouklos =
sb. pl. pastoral
herdsman, f. bous = ox
poems
onion
bulbus = Gr. blbos = onion, bulbous root
A53
C
cadver, prop. = fallen thing, f. cadere = fall
CADAVER
A57
C( A)ESURA
A58
CALAMARY
(pros.) division of csra = lit. cutting, f. cs-, pp. stem of

a foot between
cdere = cut
two words
squid, pen-fish
calamrium = pen-case, n. of calamrius, f.
A58
CALCULATE
A58
hardened
CALLOUS
calamus = pen Gr. klamos

f. pp. stem of calculre, f. calculus = stone,
pebble
callsus, f. callus = hardened skin
A59
CAMP
CANON
place where
troops are lodged
B65 in tents
(mus.)
campus = level field, place for games and

military exercises, field of battle
A61
CANT
A61
(sl.) speak, talk,

esp. in the
whining fashion
of beggars
cantre = sing
L. = singer, f. canere, cant-
CANTOR
A61
CAPITULATE
A62
CAPTIVATE
A62
CARTHUSIAN
A64
C( H)ARTULARY
A64
CASEMENT
A64
CASSIA
specify as under
heads; propose
terms, make
terms about
make captive,
capture, enthral
one of an order of
monks founded
by St. Bruno in
1084
place where
records are kept;
collection or
register of
records
(archit.) window
frame opening on
hinges
kind of cinnamon
A65
improper use (of

word)
CATAMITE
sodomites
A66 subject
CATAMOUNTAIN
leopard, panther,
A66 etc.
CATAPULT
(mil.) missile
A66 , B76 engine
CATARACT
waterspouts;
(sg.) waterfall;
opacity of the
A66 lens of the eye
CATACHRESIS
A65
f. pp. of capitulre = draw up under distinct

heads, f. capitulum = head of a discourse
pp. stem of captivre, f. captvus, f. capt-, pp.
stem of capere = take
Carthusinus, f. Chart(h)sia = Chartreuse,
near Grenoble, France
c(h)artulrium, f. c(h)artula, dim. of c(h)arta
= paper
cassimentum = casement (of window)

cas(s)ia Gr. kas Heb. = bark resembling
cinnamon
catachrsis Gr. katkhrsis, f. katakhresthai
= use amiss, f. cata- + khresthai = use
catamtus (through Etruscan catmite) Gr.
Ganumds = Ganymede, cup-bearer of Zeus
cat of the mountain first used to render
pardus, Gr. prdos = pard
catapulta Gr. kataplts, f. cata- + pel-, var.
base of pllein = hurl
cataracta Gr. katar(r)hkts = down-rush,
waterfall, portcullis
3rd sing. pres. subj. of cavre = beware
CAVEAT
A67
CECITY
blindness
ccits, f. ccus = blind
supervisor of
morals
sb. 100 pounds
cnsor, f. cnsere = pronounce as an opinion,

assess, judge
centnrius containing a hundred, f. centn
= hudred each, f. centum = hundred
centuria = assemblage of 100 things, division
of the Roman army, f. centum = hundred
charta Gr. khrts, perh. of Egypt. origin
A67
CENSOR
A68
CENTENARY
A68
group of 100
CENTURY
A68
CHART
A71
thorax
CHEST
cista Gr. kst = box, chest
A73
CHILIAD
1,000 esp. 1,000

years
(Gr. myth.) firebreating monster;
horrible
phantasm; wild
A74 fancy
set of bells or of
sounds produced
A74 by them
pert. to a choir
A74
CHIM( A)ERA
CHIME
CHORAL
A75
CHORD
CHORUS
CINCTURE
tendon; line
joining
extremities of an
arc; string of
musical
A75 instrument
in Greek drama
and dramatic
pieces modelled
A75 thereon
girding
chlis, -d- Gr. khlis, -ad-, f. khlioi =

1,000
chimra Gr. khmaira = she-goat, monster,
f. khmaros = he-goat
cymbalum = cymbal
chorlis Gr. khors = dance, band of
dancers, choir
chorda
L. Gr. khors = dance, band of dancers,

choir
cinctra, f. cinct-, pp. stem of cingere = gird
A77
CINERARIA
genus of
composite plants
red sulphide of
A77 mercury
fem. of cinerrius, f. cinis, ciner- = ashes
A77
CINNABAR
CIRCUMFLEX
A77
CIRCUMVOLUTIO
N
A77
CIRCUS
winding or
rolling round
building
surrounded with
rising tiers of
A77 seats
cinnabaris Gr. kinnbari

circumflexus, pp. of circumflectere = bend
round, tr. Gr. perispmenos = drawn round, f.
per = around + span = draw
circumvolvere = wind round
circus = circle, circus = Gr. krkos, krkos =
ring, circle
CITHERN ,
CITTERN
instrument of the
guitar kind
cithara Gr. kithr, crossed with gittern
A78
imit. formation parallel to (O)HG. klang

partly clangere = resound
clangor, f. clangere = resound
CLANG
A78
CLANGO (U) R
A78
lustre, splendour clrits, f. clrus = clear
CLARITY
A78
CLEMATIS
A79
CLERK
CLIMAX
CLIME
lay officer of a
church; one
having charge of
records,
correspondence,
A79 or accounts
(rhet.) ascending
series of
A80 expressions
(now arch.)
A80
COALESCE
A81
COHABIT
clmatis Gr. klmats, f. klema = vinebranch

clricus = cleric
clmax Gr. klmax = ladder

clma, clmat- Gr. klma, klmat-, f. klnein =
slope
coalscere, f. co- + alscere = grow up, f.
alere = nourish
cohabitre, f. co- + habitre = live
A83
CO- HEIR
cohrs, f. co- + hrs = heir

A83
cohrre, f. co- + hrre = stick
COHERE
A83
conjunction
COITION
bind together
coiti, -n-, f. coit-, pp. stem of core, f. co- +

re = go
L. Gr. kolkhkn, sb. use of n. of Kolkhiks
pert. to Colchis, ancient name of a region
east of the Black Sea
f. collt-, stem of the form used as pp. of
conferre = confer
f. pp. stem of colligre, f. col- + ligre = bind
place side by side
collocre, -t-, f. col- + locre = place
conversation
colloquium, f. col- + loqu = speak
A84
genus of plants
COLCHICUM
A84
confer
COLLATE
A84
COLLIGATE
A84
COLLOCATE
A84
COLLOQUY
A84
COLON
member of a
sentence; the
A85 punctuation mark
COLONY
A85
snake-like
COLUMBRINE
A85
clon Gr. kolon = limb, clause

colnia = farm, landed estate, settlement, f.
colnus = cultivator, settler, f. colere =
cultivate
columbrnus, f. coluber = snake
COLURE
COMIC
each of the great

circles
intersecting at
right angles at the
A85 poles
pert. to comedy
colr pl. Gr. klourai, pl. of klouros =

truncated, f. klos = docked + our = tail
cmicus Gr. kmiks, f. komos = revel
A86
courtesy
COMITY
cmits, f. cmis = courteous
A86
COMMA
phrase smaller
than a colon; the
punctuation
mark; minute
A86 interval
COMMEMORATE
A86
COMMENSURABLE
A86
conveniently
roomy
COMMODIOUS
A86 , B305
COMMONPLACE
A87
COMMUNICATE
A87
COMPACT
A87
COMPLEMENT
A88
passage of
general
application,
leading text,
theme; notable
passage stored up
for use in a book
of common
places or
commonplace
book; ordinary
topic, stock
theme or subject
give a share of,
share in; receive,
administer Holy
Communion;
hold intercourse
with
convenant,
contract
something which
completes a
whole; adjunct,
personal
accomplishment;
observance of
ceremony, tribute
of courtesy
L. Gr. kmma = piece cut off, short clause,

f. kop-, stem of kptein = strike, cut
f. pp. stem of commemorre, f. com- +

memorre = relate, f. memor = mindful
commensurbilis, f. com- + mensurbilis =
measurable
commodisus, f. commodus = of due measure,
convenient, f. com- + modus = measure
tr. locus commnis, tr. Gr. koinos tpos
f. pp. stem of commnicre, f. commnis =

common
compactum, sb. use of n. of pp. of compasc =

make an agreement
complmentum, f. complre = fill up, finish,
bear, endure;
agree with
COMPURGATOR
witness who
swears to the
credibility of an
accused person
when he purges
A89 himself by oath
CONCATENATE
link together
COMPORT
comportre, f. com- + portre = carry, bear
A88
A89
shell(-fish)
CONCH
compurgtor, f. com- + purgtor = purger
f. pp. stem of concatnre, f. con- + catna =

chain
concha = bivalve, mussel, pearl oyster
A90
CONCILIATE
CONCINNITY
CONCOCT
gain goodwill of,

win over;
A90 reconcile
congruity;
elegance of
A90 literary style
digest (food)
f. pp. stem of concilire = unite, procure, win,

f. concilium = council
concinnits, f. concinnus = skillfully put
together, elegant, neat
concot-, pp. stem of concoquere = digest, etc.,
f. con- + coquere = cook, f. coquus = cook
A90
injury due to the

shock of a blow
CONCUSSION
A90
sorrow greatly;
trans. grieve
with or over
CONDOLE
concussi, -n-, f. conduss-, pp. stem of

concutere = dash together, shake violently, f.
con- + quatere = shake
condolre, f. con- + dolre = suffer pain,
grieve
A90
engage, hire;
contribute, lead
A90 or tend to
CONFEDERATE
ally
CONDUCE
A91
CONFER
A91
CONFIGURATION
A91
CONFISCATE
A91
CONFLAGLATION
A91
CONFLUENCE
A91
CONFUSED
A91
CONFUTE
bring together,
collect; compare,
collate; converse,
take counsel;
bestow
(astron.) relative
position
appropriate to the
public treasury
consumption by
fire; great fire
flowing together,
junction of
streams
thrown into
disorder, mixed
prove to be
condcere = bring together, f. con- + dcere =

lead
fdus = a treaty
conferre, f. con- + ferre = bring, bear
configrti, -n-, f. configrre = fashion

after a pattern
confiscre, -t-, f. con- + fiscus = chest,
treasury
conflagrti, -n-, f. conflagrre = burn up
confluentia, f. confluns, -ent-, prp. of
confluere, f. con- + flure = flow
confsus, pp. of confundere = put together
conftre = check, restrain, answer
wrong or false
A92
CONGLOMERATE
A92
massed together
CONGRATULATE
A92
in N.T. body of
Christians; body
assembled for
A92 , B195 worship
CONGRESS
meeting,
assembly
CONGREGATION
A92
CONJUGAL
A92
dedicate
CONSECRATE
A93
logical sequence
CONSECUTION
A93
CONSIST
A93
CONSOLIDATE
A93
CONSPICUOUS
A93
CONSTIPATE
CONSTITUTE
pack or bind
close together;
confine the
A94 bowels
make up, form
A94
CONSUL
representative
agent of a state in
commercial
relations with a
A94 foreign country
CONTEMPLATE
A94
bear witness to
CONTEST
A94
CONTEXT
CONTINGENT
connected
structure of a
composition or
passage, parts
immediately
before and after a
A95 given passage
dependent upon
conclusively, f. con- + ft as in reftre =

refute
conglomertus, pp. of conglomerre, f. con+ glomus, glomer- = ball
f. pp. stem of congrtulr, f. con- +
grtulr = manifest ones joy, f. grtus =
pleasing
congregti, -n-, f. congregre
congressus, f. congress-, pp. stem of congred

= go together, meet, f. con- + grad = step,
walk
coniuglis, f. coniu(n)x, coniug- = spouse, f.
con- + iungere = join
consecrre, -t-, f. con- + sacrre = dedicate,
f. sacer, sacr- = sacred
consecti, -n-, f. consequ, consect- =
follow closely
consistere = stand still, remain firm, exist, f.
con- + sistere = place, stand firm or still
f. pp. stem of consolidre, f. con- + solidre,
f. solidus = solid
conspicuus, f. conspicere = look attentively, f.
con- + specere = look
f. pp. stem of constpre, f. con- + stpre =
press, cram
constitt-, pp. of constituere = establish,
appoint, f. con- + statuere = set up
consul; related to consultre (consulere =
take counsel)
f. comtemplr, -t-, f. con- + templum = open

space for observation
contestr = call to witness, introduce by
calling witnesses, set on foot, f. con- + testr
= bear witness
contextus, f. context-, pp. stem of contextere
= weave together, f. con- + textere = weave
contingns, -ent-, prp. of contingere = be
or subject to
condition; sb.
accident,
A95 possibility
CONTRADICT
A95
CONTRAVENE
A95
CONTRIBUTE
A95
whim, crotchet
CONUNDRUM
A96
call together
CONVENE
A96
CONVENTICLE
CONVERSE
meeting or
meeting-place of
Protestant
A96 Dissenters
proposition or
relation turned
round or upside
A96 down
contiguous, in connection or in contact, befall
contrdict-, pp. stem of contrdcere, orig.

contr dcere = speak against
contravenre, i.e. contr = against + venre =
come
f. contribt-, pp. stem of contribuere = bring
together, f. con- + tribuere = bestow
prob. based on some L. formula (involving
quoniam or quin)
convenre = assemble, f. con- + venre =
come
conventiculum = (place of) assembly, in form
dim. of conventus = meeting
conversus, pp. of convertere, f. con- + vertere
= turn
convexus = vaulted, arched
CONVEX
A96
CONVINCE
COOP
overcome in
argument;
A96 convict; prove
place of
A96 confinement
CORNUCOPIA
A98
member of a
cornice
CORROBORATE
strengthen,
A99 confirm
COWL
hood of the habit
A101 or of a cloak
CORONA
convincere = convict of error, prove clearly, f.

con- + vincere = overcome
cpa; also cpa = tun, barrel
corncpia, earlier corn cpi = horn of
plenty, the horn of the goat Amalthea placed
in heaven, emblem of fruitfulness and
abundance
corna = crown
A98
f. pp. stem of corrborre, f. cor- + rborre

= strengthen, f. rbur = strength
cuculla, f. cucullus = hood of a cloak
crnium Gr. krnon, rel. to kr = head
CRANIUM
A102
CRAPULOUS
A103
CRASS
grossly excessive
in drink or food
coarse, gross
crpulsus, f. crpula = introxication Gr.

kraipl = result of a drunken debauch
crassus = solid, thick fat
brittle but hard or

firm
crispus = curled
A103
CRISP
A105
CRITIC
A105
CRUCIFER
cross-bearer
criticus Gr. kritiks, sb. use of adj. f. krits

= judge
f. crux, cruc- = cross
A106
CRUDE
A106
CRURAL
ill-digested, not
matured
pert. to the leg
crdus = raw, rough, cruel

crrlis, f. crs, crr- = leg
A106
f. pp. stem of cumulre, f. cumulus = heap
CUMULATE
A108
CURATE
A108
CURIA
assistant to a
parish priest
(Rom. antiq.)
A108
CUSP
(astrol.) entrance
of a house
the keeping of an
officer of justice;
A109 imprisonment
crtus, f. cra = cure

cria = division of the Roman people, its
place of assembly, senate
cuspis, -id- = point, pointed weapon
A109
CUSTODY
custdia, f. custs, custd- = guardian, keeper

cutneus, f. cutis = skin
CUTANEOUS
A110
CYCLAMEN
A110
CYLINDER
A110
CYNIC
sect of ascetic
philosophers in
ancient Greece;
A110 sneering critic
cyclamen, for cyclamnos, -on- Gr.

kuklmnos, perh. f. kklos = circle,cycle,
with rel. to its bulbous roots
cylindrus Gr. klindros = roller, f. kulndein
= roll
cynicus Gr. kuniks = dog-like, churlish,
Cynic, f. kn, kun- = dog
D
adorn
DECORATE
A115
assign to an end or
purpose
DEDICATE
A115
deduct
DEDUCE
f. decorate pp. or its source decortus, -re =

beautify, f. decus, decor-, rel. to decns,
decent-, pp. of decre = be fitting
f. pp. stem of ddicre = proclaim, devote,
consecrate, f. de- + dic-, weak var. of dc =
say
ddcere, f. de- + dcere = lead
A115
DEFECATE
clear from
impurities
wanting in
A116 something
dfctus, -re, f. de- + fx, fces = dregs
A116
DEFICIENT
DEFUNCT
A117
depress in spirits
DEJECT
A117
DELICATE
A117 , B119
DELINEATE
fine, not coarse or

robust
dficins, -ent-, prp. of dficere = undo, take

oneself away, fail, f. de- + facere = make, do
dfunctus = discharged, deceased, pp. of
dfung = discharge, perform, finish, f. de- +
fung = perform
f. diect-, pp. stem of deicere, f. de- + iacere
= throw
dlictus = luxurious, rel. to delicia =
pleasure, delight, f. delicere = amuse, allure,
f. de- + lacere = entice
f. pp. stem of dlnere, f. de- + lnea = line
A117
DELIRIUM
A117
DEMENTED
A118
indicate, exhibit;
make evident by
A118 proof
ancient Roman
A118 coin
blacken, lit. and
A119 fig.
DEMOSTRATE
DENARIUS
DENIGRATE
DENOMINATE
A119
DENTAL
dlrium, f. dlrre = deviate from a straight

line, be deranged, f. de- + lra = ridge
between furrows
f. dmenttus, pp. of dmentre, f. dmns,
-ent-, f. de- + mns, ment- = mind
f. pp. stem of dmonstrre, f. de- +
monstrre = show
ellipt. for dnrius nummus = coin containing
ten asses, f. dn = by tens, distributive of ten
pp. stem of dnigrre, f. de- + nigrre, f.
niger, nigr- = black
f. pp. stem of dnminre, f. de- + nominre,
f. nmen, nmin- = name
dentlis, f. dns, dent- = tooth
A119
DENUNCIATE
denounce
f. pp. stem of dnuntire = denounce
remove hair from
f. pp. stem of dpilre, f. de- + pilre =

deprive of hair
dpnns, -ent-, prp. of dpnere = lay aside,
put down, deposit, testify, f. de - + pnere =
place, lay
f. pp. stem of dpopulre, -r, = ravage, f.
de- + populre, -r = lay waste
A119
DEPILATE
A119
one who makes a

deposition
DEPONENT
A119
DEPOPULATE
lay waste;
deprive of
A119 population
drdre, f. de- + rdere = laugh
DERIDE
A120
DESICCATE
A121
DESULTORY
DETECT
shifting from one

place or thing to
A121 another
expose the secrecy
A121 of
DETER
A122
DETERIORATE
A122
DETEST
A122
DEVIOUS
DEVOTE
make worse
f. pp. stem of dterirre, f. dterior = worse
excrate; have
abhorrence of
dtestr = denounce, renounce, f. de- +

testr = bear witness, call to witness, f. testis
= witness
dvius, f. de- + via = way
lying out of the

way
pass or cause to
dvolvere, f. de- + volvere = roll
pass to or fall upon
A122 another
f. dvt-, pp. stem of dvovre, f. de- +
A122
vovre = vow
A122
DEVOLVE
f. pp. stem of dsiccre, f. de- + sccre =

make dry, f. siccus = dry
dsultrius = pert. to a vaulter, superficial, f.
dsultor, f. dsult-, pp. stem of dsilre = leap
down, f. de- + salre = leap
dtect-, pp. stem of dtegere, f. de- + tegere =
cover
dterrre, f. de- + terrre = frighten
(her.) right-hand
DEXTER
dexter, compar. formation, f. IE. base
A122
DIABETES
disease marked by
immoderate
discharge of urine
A123 containing glucose
DIAGONAL
A123
DIALYSIS
DIAPASON
statement of
disjunctive
propositions,
A123 asyndeton
(mus.) harmonious
or melodious
succession of
notes or parts;
foundation stop in
A123 an organ
DIARRHOEA
A123
DIARY
A123
DIASTOLE
A123
(physiol.)
dilatation
DICTIONARY
diabts Gr. diabts, f. diabanenin = go

through
diagnlis, f. Gr. diagnios, f. dia- + gn =
angle
L Gr. dilusis, f. dialein = part asunder, f.
dia- + lein = set free
L. Gr. dirrhoia, f. diarrhein = flow

through, f. dia- + rhein = flow
dirium = daily allowance, journal, in form
sb. use of n. of dirius = daily, f. dis = day
L. Gr. diastol = separation, expansion, f.
diastllein, f. dia- + stllein = place
dictinrium, -us, f. dicti = phrase, word
A124
DIGIT
one twelfth of the

diameter of sun or
A124 moon
DIGRESS
A125
DILAPIDATE
A125
DILEMMA
form of argument
involving the
opponent in the
choice of
alternatives;
choice between
two equally
unfavourable
A125 alternatives

f. dgress-, pp. stem of dgred, f. di- + grad
= step, walk, f. gradus = step
f. pp. stem of dlapidre, f. di- + lapis, lapid= stone
L . Gr. dlmma, f. di- + lemma =
assumption, premiss
f. dlt-, pp. stem of dluere = wash away,

dissolve, f. di- + luere comb. form of
lavre = wash, lave
drus, rel. to Gr. dedein = to fear
DILUTE
A125
DIRE
A126
DIRGE
song of mourning
imper. of drigere = direct; ME. dirige, the

first word of the L. antiphon to the first psalm
in the office: Dirige, Domine, Deus meus, in
A126
DIRIGIBLE
A126
DISCOURSE
A127
DISCURSIVE
A127
DISSIDENT
A129 , B445
DISSIMULATE
A129
DISSUADE
conspectu tuo viam meam = Direct, O Lord

my God, my way in thy sight
that can be
f. drigere = = straighten, direct, guide, f. didirected or steered + regere = rule, put straight
conversation, talk; discursus = running to and fro, intercourse,
treatment of a
argument, f. discurs-, pp. stem of discurrere
subject; course
= run to and fro, speak at lenght, f. dis- +
currere = run
passing rapidly
discursvus, f. discurs-, pp. stem of
from one thing to
discurrere = run to and from, speak at length,
another
f. dis- + currere = run
at variance
dissidns, -ent-, prp. of dissidre = dissagree,
f. dis- + sedre = sit
pretend not to see f. pp. stem of dissimulre, f. dis- + simulre,
f. similis = similar
seek to divert from dissudre, f. dis- + sudre = advise, urge
A129
DISTICH
pair of verse lines
distichon Gr. dstikhon, sb. use of n. of

dstikhos = of two rows or verses, f. di- +
stkhos = stich
f. distort-, pp. stem of distorqure, f. dis- +
torqure = twist
f. dvagr, -t-, f. di- + vagr = wander
(arch.) house,
mansion
domus = house
A129
DISTORT
A129
DIVAGATION
A130
DOME
A132
dubisus, f. dubium = doubt, sb. use of n. of

dubius = doubtful, obscurely f. duo = two
duplus, f. duo = two + plic- = fold
DUBIOUS
A137
DUPLE
A138
sb.
DUPLICATE
A138
duplictus, pp. of duplicre, f. duplus, f. duo

= two + plic- = fold
E
EBULLIENT
A141
ECHINUS
A141
ECUMENICAL
boiling, bubbling
over
(arch.) ovolo
moulding next
below the abacus
pert. to the
universal church
A141
EDEN
A142
delightful abode,
paradise
EFFICACIOUS
A143
EGREGIOUS
A143
EGRESS
A143
eminen; gross,
flagrant
going out
bullins, -ent-, prp. of bullre, f. e- + bullre

= boil
L.- Gr. ekhinos = hedgehod, sea-urchin
f. cumenicus Gr. oikoumeniks, f. h
oikoumn = the inhabited world, pp. fem. of
oikein = inhabit, f. oikos = house
den, Gr. den Heb. dhen = delight
f. efficx, -c-, f. efficere= = work out, f. ef- +
fic-, facere = make, do
f. gregius = surpassing, illustrious, f. e- +
grex, greg- = flock
gressus, f. gress-, pp. stem of gred, f. e- +
grad = step
eject (fluid)
EJACULATE
produced by
labour
elevate
f. pp. stem of iaculr, f. e- + iaculr = dart,

f. iaculum = dart, javelin, f. iacere = throw
labrtus, pp. of labrre, f. e- + labor =
labour
f. lt-, pp. stem of efferre. ef- + ferre = bear
theol.
lectus, pp. of ligere, f. e- + legere = choose
A143
ELABORATE
A143
ELATE
A143
ELECT
A144
annihilate; annul ldere, f. e- + ldere = injure, harm
ELIDE
A144
ELIMINATE
A144
ellipse
ELLIPSIS
A145
remove;
lengthen
ELONGATE
A145
ELUCIDATE
f. pp. stem of lminre = thrust out of doors,

expel, f. e- + lmen, lmin- = threshold
ellpsis Gr. lleipsis = defect, ellipse,
grammatical ellipsis, f. ellepein = leave out,
fall short, f. en = in + lepein = leave
f. pp. stem of longre = remove, prolong, f.
e- + long = far off, later taken as if f. e- +
longus = long
f. pp. stem of lcidre, f. e- + lcidus = lucid
A145
ELUDE
delude, baffle
ldere,f. e- + ldere = play
state or abode of
the blessed dead
put into a body
L. Gr. Elsion
A145
ELYSIUM
A145
EMBODY
f. em- + body, after incorporre = incorporate
A146
EMBRYO
A146
EMERGE
A146
EMINENT
come to light,
arise
lofty, prominent
embry, alt. of embryon Gr. mbruon =

new-born animal, foetus, f. em- + brein =
swell, grow
mergere, f. e- + mergere = dip, merge
A146
intensity of
statement
EMPHASIS
A146
sb., member of
the sect of
ancient
physicians called
Empirici;
untrained
practitioner,
quack
EMPIRIC
emphasis = use of language to imply more

than is said Gr. mphais = appeareance, f.
em- + phanein = show
empricus Gr. empeiriks, f. empeir =
experience, f. mpeiros = skilled, f. em- +
peira = trial, experiment
A146
EMPORIUM
A147
EMULATE
A147
EMUNCTORY
strive to equal or
rival
cleaning by
excretion;
L. Gr. emprion, f. mporos = merchant, f.

em- + IE. porf. pp. of mulr, f. mulus= rival,
munctrius, f. munct-, pp. stem of
mungere = wipe or blow the nose, f. e- +
A147
ENCHIRIDION
cleansing organ
or canal
manual
base rel. to mucus

L. Gr. egkheirdion, f. en- + kher = hand
A148
ENCOMIUM
A148
ENCYCLOP (A) EDI
A
A148
ENDORSE
general course
of instruction
write, put ones

signature, etc. on
A148 the back on
riddle in verse
ENIGMA
A149
ENORMOUS
ENS
ENTHYMEME
abnormal,
monstrous;
irregular,
outrageous; of
A150 excessive size
(pl. entia = being,
A150 entity)
syllogism in
which one
premiss is
A150 suppressed
encmium Gr. egkmion, sb. use of n. of

adj., f. en- + komos = revel
L. spurious Gr. egkuklopaide, for
egkklios paide = general education
indorsre, f. in- + dorsum = back
nigma, -mat- Gr. anigma, f. base of
ainssesthai = speak allusively or obscurely, f.
ainos = fable
f. normis, f. e- + norma = pattern
L. sb. use of n. of prp. f. esse = be

enthmma Gr. enthumma, f.
enthmeisthai = consider, infer, f. en- +
thms = passion, mind
entits, f. ens, ent-
ENTITY
A151 , B143
EPHOR
A152
EPIC
Spartan
magistrate
adj.
ephorus Gr. phoros, f. epi- + base of horan

epicus late Gr. epiks, f. pos = word, song
A152
EPICURE
Epicurean;
glutton,
sybarite; one who
is choice in
eating and
A152 drinking
EPITHET
A152 , B527
EPITOME
A152
ERADICATE
ERYSIPELAS
ESSENE
abridgement,
summary
pull up by the
A154 roots
disease with red
A155 inflammation
member of a
Jewish ascetic
A156 sect
epicrus = one whose chief happiness is in

carnal pleasure; appellative use of picrus,
Gr. Epkouros name of an Athenian
philosopher
epitheton, sb. use of n. of Gr. epthetos =
attributed, pp. adj. of epitithnai = put on or
to, f. epi- + tithnai = place
epitom Gr. epitom, f. epitmnein = cut
into, cut short, f. epi- + tmnein = cut
f. pp. stem of rdicre, f. e- + rdix, rdic =
root
L. Gr. eruspelas, perh. f. base of eruthrs =
red + pel- = skin
pl. Essn Gr. Essno, presumably of Heb.
or Aram. orig.
ESTUARY
A156
EULOGY
A157
EVAPORATE
A157
EVENT
EVICT
outcome, issue;
anything that
A158 happens
expel (a person)
by judicial
process;
conquer,
A158 overcome; prove
EXACT
A158
accumulate, pile
up
EXAGGERATE
A158
EXARCH
governor of a
province under
the Byzantine
emperors;
metropolital in
the Eastern
A159 Church
EXASPERATE
A159
EXCAVATE
A159
otherwise than
EXCEPT
A159
cut out
EXCISE
A159
EXCREMENT
A159 , B96
EXCRUCIATE
A159
dregs; faeces
EXCURSION
escape; sally,
sortie
torture
A159
EXEAT
A159
EXECRATE
stage direction
repl. by exit
express or feel
abhorrence of
A159
EXHAUST
draw off or out,
sturium = tidal part of a shore, tidal

channel, f. stus = swell, surge, tide
eulogium, app. blending of logium =
inscription on a tomb, etc., and eulogia Gr.
eulog = praise, f. phr. eu lgein = speak
well of
f. pp. stem of vaporre, f. e- + vapor, -r- =
steam, heat
ventus, f. vent-, pp. stem of venre = come
out, result, happen, f. e- + venre = come
f. vict-, pp. stem of vincere = conquer,
obtain by conquering, recover, overcome and
expel, eject judicially, prove
exactus, pp. of exigere = complete, bring to a
perfection, examine, ascertain, f. ex- + agere
= perform
f. pp. stem of exaggerre, f. ex- + aggerre =
heap up, f. agger = heap, prob. f. ag- + gerere
= carry
exarchus Gr. xarkhos = leader, chief, f.
exrkhein = take the lead, f. ex- + rkhein =
rule
f. pp. stem of exasperre, f. ex- + asper =

rough
f. pp. stem of excavre, f. ex- + cavre, f.
cavus = hollow
take
f. excs-, pp. stem of excdere, f. ex- + cdere
= cut
excrmentum, f. excr-, pp. base of excernere,
f. ex- + cernere = sift
f. pp. stem of excrucire, f. ex- + crucire =
torment, f. crux = cross
excursi, -n-, f. excurs-, pp. stem of
excurrere = run out, issue forth, f. ex- +
currere = run
L. = let him go out, 3rd pers. sg. pres. subj. of
exre = go out
f. pp. stem of ex(s)ecrr = curse, f. ex- +
sacrre = devote religiously, f. sacer, sacri- =
religiously set apart
f. exhaust-, pp. stem of exhaurre, f. ex- +
A160
EXHIBIT
drain
submit to view,
A160 display
EXHILARATE
A160
EXIT
A160
EXONERATE
A160
EXORDIUM
A160
EXOTIC
A160
EXPATIATE
A160
EXPECT
A161
EXPIATE
(theatr.) direction
to a player to
leave the stage,
departure from
the stage
unload, relieve
of a burden;
relieve or free
from an
obligation,
reproach, etc.
beginning of a
discourse
foreign, not
indigenous
(arch.) walk
about at large
wait, wait for;
look for in
anticipation
bring to an end
A161
EXPLICATE
A161
EXPLODE
unfold, lit. and

fig.
reject
A161
interpreting
EXPONENT
A161
EXPOSTULATE
EXQUISITE
EXTANT
demande, urge,
complain of;
make friendly
A161 objections
accurate, exact;
carefully
elaborated;
highly cultivated,
A162 consummate
standing out or
forth; existing
A162
adv.
EXTEMPORE
A162
EXTEND
enlarge the scope

of; stretch forth,
haurre = draw, drain

f. exhibit-, pp. stem of exhibre, f. ex- +
habre = hold
f. pp. stem of exhilarre, f. ex- + hilaris =
cheerful, gay
repl. exeat; 3rd pers. sg. pres. ind. of exre =
go out, f. ex- + re = go
f. pp. stem of exonerre, f. ex- + onus, oner= burden
f. exordr, f. ex- + ordr = begin, rel. to ord

= order
exticus Gr. extiks, f. x = outside
ex(s)patir, -t-, f. ex- + spatir = walk, f.
spatium = space
ex(s)pectre, f. ex- + spectre = look
f. pp. stem of expire, f. ex- + pire = seek to
appease, f. pius = devout, pious
f. pp. stem of explicre, f. ex- + plicre = fold
expldere = drive out by clapping, hiss off the
stage, f. ex- + plaudere = clap the hands
expnns, -ent-, prp. of expnere = expound
f. pp. stem of expostulre, f. ex- + postulre,
prob. f. base of poscere
exqustus, pp. adj. of exqurere = search out,
f. ex- + qurere = search, seek
ex(s)tns, -ant-, prp. of exstre = be

prominent or visible, exist, f. ex- + stre =
stand
f. phr. ex tempore = on the spur of the
moment, i.e. ex = out of, tempore = abl. of
tempus = time
extendere, f. ex- + tendere = stretch, tend
A162
EXTENUATE
hold out
make thin,
diminish,
disparage the
magnitude of;
underrate, seek to
lessen the
A162 importance of
EXTERIOR
A162
EXTERMINATE
A162
expel, banish
EXTINCT
that has died out

A162
root out
EXTIRPATE
A162
EXTORT
A162
draw out or forth
EXTRACT
A162
EXTRAORDINARY
A162
exceptional
EXTRAVAGANT
A162
exceeding due
bounds
exterior,
external
EXTRINSIC
A162
EXTRUDE
f. pp. stem of extenure, f. ex- + tenuis = thin
L., compar. formation on exterus = that is

outside
f. pp. stem of exterminre, f. ex- + terminus =
boundary
ex(s)tinctus, pp. of extinguere, f. ex- +
stinguere = quench
f. pp. stem of ex(s)tirpre, f. ex- + stirps =
stem or stock of a tree
f. extort-, pp. stem of extorqure, f. ex- +
torqure = twist
trahere = draw
extrordinrius, f. phr. extr ordinem = out of
course, in an unusual manner
prp. of extrvagr, f. extra- + vagr =
wander
extrinsecus = adj. outer, f. extrinsecus = adv.
outwardly, f. extra- + im + secus = alongside
of
extrdere, f. ex- + trdere = thrust
A162
ex(s)dre, f. ex- + sudre = sweat
EXUDE
A162
leap up; rejoice

exceedingly
EYRIE , AERIE
nest of a bird of
A163 prey
EXULT
A162
ex(s)ultre, frequent. of exsilre, f. ex- +

salre = leap
airea, eyria, etc.
F
FACT
FACTORY
deed; something
that has occurred,
what has
happened; truth,
A164 reality
factorship, agency;
manufactory,
A164 words
FACTOTUM
A164
FALLACY
A165
FASCINATE
logical flaw,
delusive notion
cast a spell over,
factum, sb. use of n. pp. of facere = do
factria, f. factor, f. fact-, f. facere = do;

factrium (recorded in the sense oil-press)
facttum, f. fac, imper. of facere = do + ttum
= the whole
f. pp. stem of fascinre, f. fascinum = spell,
A166
bewitch
FERULE
rod used for
A169 punishment
FETIC , FOETID
stinking
witchcraft
ferula
ftidus, ft-, f. ftre, ft- = stink
A169
FLAGELLANT
A173
FLAMEN
FLEX
priest of a
particular deity in
A173 ancient Rome
bend
flagellns, -ant-, prp. of flagellre = whip, f.

flagellum, dim. of flagrum = scourge
flmen
f. flex-, pp. stem of flectere = bend
A174
FLORA
(F-)
goddess of
flowering plants
flowing freely or
easily; ready in
A176 speech
leaf of paper,
A177 parchment, etc.
sparing in the use
of things
f. fls, flr- = flower
A175
FLUENT
FOLIO
FRUGAL
A184
cosmetic
FUCUS
A184
sooty
FULIGINOUS
A184
FUNGUS
A185
FUSION
mushroom or the
like
melting
fluns, fluent-, prp. of fluere = flow

abl. of folium = leaf, foil
frglis, back-formation from frglior,
-issimus, compar. and super. of frg
indeclinable adj., d. of flux, chiefly pl. frgs
= produce of the soil
fcus = rock-lichen, red dye or cosmetic - Gr.
phukos
flginsus, f. flg, flgin- = soot, prob. rel.
to fmus = smoke, fume
fungus, perh. connected with Gr. sp(h)ggos
= sponge
fsi, -n-., f. fs-, pp. stem of fundere = pour
A186
ftilis, better futtilis = that pours out, f. fud-,

base of fundere = pour
FUTILE
A186
G
GAUDY
A190
rejoicing; annual
college feast
GEMINATION
A191
GENERATE
produce (orig.
offspring)
(arch.) nuptial,
A191 generative
tutelary deity or
spirit; demon;
characteristic or
prevalent
disposition or
A191 spirit
pert. to a tribe or a
gaudium = joy or gaud, imper. of gaudre

geminti, -n-, f. geminre = vb. double, f.
geminus = twin
f. pp. stem of generre, f. genus, gener-
A191
GENIAL
GENIUS
GENTILE
genilis = nuptial, productive, joyous,

pleasant, f. genius = genius
genius = attendant spirit, inclination,
appetite, intellectual capacity
gentlis = of the same family or nation,
A191
GENUINE
nation
natural, native
A192
(techn.) kind, class
GENUS
heathen, pagan, f. gns, gent- = race, people

genunus, f. genu = knee (the orig. ref. was to
the recognition of a new-born child by the
father placing it on his knees)
genus = birth, race, stock, kin
A192
GEOGRAPHY
A192
GERANIUM
GERMAN
genus of plants
with fruit shaped
A192 like a cranes bill
pert. to Germania
A192 or Germany
GERUND
A192
GESTATION
carrying, being
carried
attitude, posture;
movement of the
A192 body
A192
GESTURE
gegraphia Gr. gegraph, f. ge = earth,

graphein = write
L. Gr. gernion, f. granos = crane
Germnus, perh. of Celt. orig.
gerundium, f. gerundum, var. of gerendum,
gerund of gerere = carry on
gestti, -n-, f. gestre, frequent. f. gest-,
pp. stem of gerere = carry
gestra, f. gest-, pp. stem of gerere = carry
dim. of gladius = sword
GLADIOLUS
A194
GLOSS
interlinear or
marginal
explanation;
sophistical
A195 interpretation
GLOTTIS
A195
GNOMON
indicator, esp. of a
sundial; nose;
part of a
parallelogram
remaining after
similar one is
taken from one
A196 corner
GONORRHOEA
A197
GORGON
GRADATION
terrible- or
repulsive-looking
A197 person
(rhet.) climax;
gradual progress;
A198 series of stages
L. Gr. gltts, f. glotta, var. of glossa =

tongue
gnmn Gr. gnmn = inspector, indicator,
carpenters square, f. IE gn- = know
L. Gr. gonrrhoia, f. gnos = semen +

rhoa = flux, rel. to rhein = flow
Gorg, -n- Gr. Gorg, f. gorgs = terrible
gradti, -n-, f. gradus = step
grnrium, f. grnum = grain
GRANARY
A199
GRANDILOQUENT
A199
GRATEFUL
glssa = gloss
pleasing, thankful
grandiloquus, f. grandis = great, grand +

loquus = speaking, f. loqu = to speak
f. grtus (in the same sense)
A200
GRAVID
pregnant
gravidus = laden, pregnant, f. gravis = heavy
cheat, sharper
Grcus (applied by the Romans to the

people who called themselves Hellnes)
Gr. Graiks
gremilis, -le, f. gremium = lap, bosom
A200
GREEK
A201
(hist.) internal,
resident (member)
GUAIACUM
tree, wood, and
resin of the West
A204 Indies
GURGITATION
swallowing
GREMIAL
A201
A205
tasting, taste
GUSTATION
L. f. Sp. guayaco, guayacn, of Haitian

origin
gurgitti, -n-, f. gurgitre = engulf, f.
gurges, gurgit- = gulf, abyss
gustti, -n-, f. gustre, f. gustus = taste
A205
L. Gr. gumnsion, f. gumnzein = train, f.

gumns = naked
GYMNASIUM
A206
H
HALO
A208
HEBETATE
circle of light
round the sun, etc.
make blunt
A213
HECATOMB
A213
HEGIRA , HEJIRA
A213
sacrifice of many
victims
Muslim era
HELIX
hal, for hals, -n-, Gr. hls = threshingfloor, disk of the sun, moon, or a shield
f. pp. stem of hebetre, f. hebes, hebet- =
blunt
hecatomb Gr. hekatmb, f. hekatn =
hundred + bous = ox
hegira Arab. hijra = departure, f. hajara =
separate, go away
helix, helic- Gr. hlix, -ik-, f. IE. wel- = roll
A214
HELOT
A214
HEMISTICH
serf in ancient
Sparta
(pros.) half-line
(H)lt, Hltes pl. Gr. Heltes, Helotai
illustrious warrior
western
f. hesperius, Gr. hesprios, f. Hesperia, Gr.

Hespera (poet.) land of the west, f.
Hesperus, Hsperos, adj. western, sb.
evening star
hitus = gaping, opening, f. hire = gap
hmistichum Gr. hmistkhion, f. stkhos
A214
HERO
A215
HESPERIAN
A215
HIATUS
A216
HIEROGLYPHIC
gap, chasm
pert. to ancient
hieroglyphicus Gr. hierogluphiks, f. hiers
Egyptian writing;
= sacred + gluph = carving
sb. character in
such picturewriting; symbolic
A216 , B214 or enigmatic figure
HIPPOPOTAMUS
L. Gr. hippoptamos, for earlier hppos ho
potmio = the horse of the river (potmos =
A217
river)
HISTORY
methodical
historia Gr. histor = learning or knowing
A217
HOM (O) OUSIAN
account of natural
phenomena
(theol.)
consubstantial
A219
humble
HUMILIATE
by inquiry, narrative, history, f. hstr =

knowing, learned, wise man
homosinus, f. homosius Gr.
hom(o)osios, f. homs = same + ous =
essence
f. pp. stem of humilire, f. humilis = humble
A222
HUNGARIAN
A222
HYDRA
fabulous manyheaded snake

whose heads grew
again as fast as
A223 they were cut off
HY( A)ENA
f. Hungary, medL. Hungaria, f. (H)ungar,

U(n)gr, Gr. Oggroi, foreign name of the
people called by theselves Magyar
L. Gr. hdr = water-serpent
hyna Gr. haina, f. hus = swine, sow

A224
HYPALLAGE
(rhet.) figure of
speech in which
two elements are
A224 interchanged
HYPERICUM
A224
HYSTERON
PROTERON
figure of speech
reversing the
proper order of
A225 words
hypallag Gr. hupallag, f. hup = hypo- +

allag-, stem of allsein = exchange, f. llos =
other
hypercum Gr. hupreikon, f. hupr =
hyper- + erek = heath
L. Gr. hsteron prteron = latter (put as)
former
I
L. Gr. ambos
IAMBUS
A226
ICHNEUMON
ICON, IKON
N. Afr. mongoose
which destroys
A226 crocodiles eggs
image, picture
ichneumn Gr. iknemn = tracker, f.

ikhneein = track, f. khnos = track, footstep
cn Gr. eikn = likeness, image
A227
pert. to jaundice
ICTERIC
ictericus Gr. ikteriks, f. kteros = jaundice
A227
archetype,
conception,
design; form,
figure; mental
A227 image, notion
IDENTITY
quality of being
A227 the same
IGNIS FATUUS
will-o-the-wisp
IDEA
A228
IGNORAMUS
endorsement
made formerly by
a grand jury on a
idea Gr. id = look, form, nature, ideal

form
identits, f. idem = same

L. = foolish fire; so named from its erratic
flitting from place to place
L. = we do not know, in legal use we take no
notice, 1st per. pl. pres. ind. of ignorre =
ignore
bill returned as
not a true bill
ILLATIVE
(gram.) inferential illtvus, f. illtus, used as pp. of inferre =
A228
infer
ILLEGITIMATE
not born in lawful f. illegitimus, after legitimate
A228 wedlock
ILLITERATE
f. il- + lit(t)erlis, f. li(t)era = letter
A228
A228
ILLUMINATE
light up, give

light to
throw light or
lustre on;
A228 elucidate
drink in, absorb
A228
ILLUSTRATE
IMBIBE
f. pp. stem of illuminre, f. il- + lmen, lmin= light

f. pp. stem of illustrre, f. il- + lustrre =
illuminate, rel. to lmen = light
imbibere, f. im- + bibere = drink
A228
IMBUE
A228 , B228
IMITATE
A228
saturate,
impregnate
IMMANENT
A229
IMMINENT
A229
sacrifice
IMMOLATE
A229
IMMURE
A229
IMPECCABLE
wall in; shut

within walls
not liable to sin
A229
IMPECUNIOUS
A229
IMPEND
A229
imbtus, pp. of imbuere = moisten, stain,

imbue
f. pp. stem of imitr = copy, rel. to img =
image and mulr = emulate
prp. of immanre, f. im- + manre = remain,
dwell
imminns, -ent-, prp. of imminre = project,
be impending
f. pp. stem of immolre = sprinkle with
sacrificial meal, f. im- + mola = meal
immrre, f. im- + mrus = wall
impeccbilis, f. im- + peccre = sin
f. im- + pecunia = money
hang
threateningly
IMPERATIVE
(gram.)
expressing
command;
commanding,
A229 peremptory
IMPERIOUS
imperial;
sovereign,
majestic;
A229 overbearing
IMPERSONAL
(gram.)
impendre, im- + pendre = hang

impertvus, f. impert-, pp. stem of imperre
= command
imperisus, f. imperium = command, empire
impersnlis, f. im- + personlis = personal
A229
f. impetere = assail, f. im- + petere = seek
IMPETIGO
A229
obtain by entreaty
IMPETRATE
A229
thrust upon
IMPINGE
f. pp. stem of impetrre, f. im- + patrre =

bring to an end
impingere, f. im- + pangere = fix, drive in
A230
IMPIOUS
impius, f. im- + pious
A230
apparatus, set of
utensils, tools
IMPLEMENT
implmentum = filling up, noun of action of

implre = employ, spend
A230
(arch.) intertwine,
entangle; involve
IMPLICIT
implied but not
A230 , B379 plainly expressed
IMPORT
be of significance
or importance;
bring from
A230 outside
IMPRECATION
invocation of evil
IMPLICATE
f. pp. stem of implicre, f. im- + plicre = fold
A230
A230
IMPROPRIATE
A231
IMPUDENT
annex to a person
or corporation
ublushingly
presumptuous
A231
IMPUNITY
A231
exemption from
punishment
IMPURE
A231
INADVERTENCE
A231
lack of attention
INANIMATE
implicitus, later form of implictus, pp. of

implicre, f. im- + plicre = fold
importre, f. im- + portre = bring, carry
imprecti, -n-, f. imprecr, f. im- + precr

= pray
f. pp. stem of improprire, f. im- + proprius =
proper
impudns, -ent-, f. im- + pudns = ashamed,
modest, orig. prp. of pudre = feel ashamed,
shame
impnits, f. impnis = unpunished, f. im- +
pna = penalty
f. im- + prus = pure
inadvertentia, f. in- + advertere = turn
towards
f. in- + animus = spirit
A231
after inntus = innate
INBORN
A231
INCARCERATE
A231
flesh-coloured
INCARNATE
A232
INCESSANT
A232
INCHOATE
f. pp. stem of incarcerre, f. in- + carcer =

prison
incarntus, pp. of incarnr = be made flesh,
f. in- + car, carn- = flesh
incessns, -ant-, f. in- + cessns, prp. of
cessre = cease
inchotus, pp. of inchore, incohre = begin
A232
INCINERATE
A232
INCOMMENSURA BLE
A232
INCORPORATE
INCUBUS
(math.) having no
common measure
combine or form
into one body,
A232 adopt into a body
nightmare
A232
INCULCATE
A232
INCUMBENT
impress upon a
person
falling as a duty
f. pp. stem of incinerre, f. in- + cinis, ciner= ashes

f. in- + commensurbilis = commensurable
f. pp. stem of incorporre, f. in- + corporre
= fashion into or with a body, collect, f.
corpor- = body
incubus, earlier incubo, f. incubre, f. in- +
cubre = lie
f. pp. stem of inculcre = stamp in with the
heel, press in, f. in- + calcre = tread
prp. of incumbere = lie or lean upon, apply
or obligation
A232
INCUR
intr. run, fall; tr.

run or fall into,
A233 become liable to
INDEFINITE
A233
INDEX
pl. indexes,
indices =
forefinger;
pointer; guiding
principle; table
of contents;
alphabetical list
of subjects
appended to a
A233 book
oneself to, f. in- + cumbere, f. nasalized stem

corr. to cubre = lie
incurrere , f. in- + currere = run
f. in- + dfntus, pp. of dfnre, f. de- + fnre
= finish
f. in- + -dex, dic-, f. IE deik-, dik- = point out
indignns, -ant-, prp. of indignr = regard as

unworthy, f. indignus, f. in- + dignus = worthy
INDIGNANT
A233
injudicous,
unwary
INDISPENSABLE
(eccl.) that cannot
be allowed or
A233 condoned
INDUCE
infer
INDISCREET
indiscrtus
A233
f. in- + dispensre = weigh out, disburse,

administer, dispose, frequent. of dispendere, f.
dis- + pendere = weigh
A234
INDURATE
harden
f. pp. stem of indrre
(leg.) void
ineptus, f. in- + aptus = apt
turn (a thing) to
folly; make
foolish, possess
with an
extravagant
passion
bring about,
induce; bring in,
introduce; draw
as a conclusion;
imply
of lower or low
degree, sb.
not firm,
irresolute
f. pp. stem of infature, f. in- + fatuus =

fatuous
A234
INEPT
A234
INFATUATE
A234
INFER
A234
INFERIOR
A234
INFIRM
A235
inferre = bear or bring in, f. in- + ferre = bear
compar. of inferus = low

infltus, pp. of inflre, f. in- + flre = blow
INFLATE
A235
INFLICT
A235
f. inflict-, pp. stem of inflgere, f. in- + flgere

= strike
inflrscentia, f. inflrscere = come into

flower
infringere, f. in- + frangere = break
INFLORESCENCE
A235
INFRINGE
A235
instil; steep
INFUSE
A235
utter twice,
reiterate
INGENUOUS
noble-minded;
honourably
A236 straightforward
INGURGITATE
swallow greedily
INGEMINATE
A236
A236
INHERE
A236
INHIBIT
exist as an
attribute in
restrain
A236
pert. to a or the
beginning
INITIAL
A236
INJUNCTION
A236
renew,
introduce as
new; bring in
something new
INNOVATE
f. infs-, pp. stem of infundere, f. in- +

fundere = pour
f. pp. stem of ingeminre = redouble, repeat,
f. in- + geminre = geminate
ingenuus = native, free-born, noble, frank, f.
in- + gen-, base of gignere = beget
f. pp. stem of ingurgitre, f. in- + gurges,
gurgit- = whirlpool, gulf
inhrre, f. in- + hrre = stick
f. inhibit-, pp. stem of inhibre = hold in,
hinder, f. in- + habre = have, hold
initilis, f. initium = beginning, f. init-, pp.
stem of inre = enter upon, begin, f. in- + re =
go
iniucti, -n-, f. iniunct-, pp. stem of
iniungere = enjoin
f. pp. stem of innovre = renew, alter, f. in- +
novre = make new, f. novus = new
A237
insnus, f. in- + snus = sane
INSANE
A237
INSCRIBE
INSERT
write in or on;
(geom.) delineate
A237 within a figure
set or put in
A237
INSIDIOUS
A237
INSINUATE
A237
INSIST
INSTALL
INSTIGATE
INSTIL
inscrbere, f. in- + scrbere = write

f. insert-, pp. stem of inserere, f. in-+ serere =
plant, join, put into
insidisus, f. insidi = ambush, trick, rel. to
insidre = sit in or upon, be settled, f. in- +
sedre = sit
f. pp. stem of insinure, f. in- + sinure =
curve, f. sinus = curve
insistere = stand upon, persist, f. in- + sistere
= stand
continue
steadfastly in;
dwell
A237 emphatically on
invest with or
installre, f. in- + stallum = stall
place in an office,
orig. by placing in
A237 an official stall
spur or urge on
f. pp. stem of instgre, f. in- + stgre =
A238
prick, incite
put in by drops;
instillre, f. in- + stillre, f. stilla = drop
A238
INSTINCT
INSTITUTE
INSTRUCT
infuse gradually
innate impluse or
propensity,
A238 intuition
purpose;
established usage;
principle or
element of
A238 instruction
direct, command
A238
INSULT
A238
glory or triumph
over
INTEGER
instinctus = instigation, impulse, f. instinct-,

pp. stem of instinguere = incite, impel, f. in- +
stinguere = prick
instittum = design, ordinance, precept, sb.
use of n. of pp. of instituere = establish,
ordain, teach, f. in- + statuere = set up
insultre, f. in- + saltre, iterative-intensive f.
salre = leap, jump
integer = intact, entire
A238
f. intercept-, pp. stem of intercipere, f. inter- +

capere = take, seize
AL. inter- + communicre, f. commnis =
common
INTERCEPT
A239
INTERCOMMUNI CATE
A239
INTERIM
(arch.)
meanwhile;
intervening time,
A239 interval of time
INTERLOCUTOR
A239
INTERMIT
A239
leave off,
discontinue
INTERNAL
A240
INTERPELLATION
pleading,
intercession
A240
temporary
authority
exercised during a
vacancy; period
intervening
between a ruler
A240 and his successor
INTERREGNUM
INTERSPERSE
A240
INTERVENE
L. = in the meantime
f. interloqu, -locti, f. inter- + locuti, -n-,

f. loct-, pp. stem of loqu = talk, speak
intermittere, f. inter- + mittere = let go, send
f. comtemp. intern or its source, internus =
inward, internal
interpellti, -n-, f. interpellre = interupt by
speaking, f. inter- + -pellre = thrust or direct
oneself
f. inter- + regnum = reign
f. interspers-, pp. stem of interspergere, f.

inter- + spargere = strew
intervenre, f. inter- + venre = come
A240
INTESTINE
INTINCTION
INTOXICATE
intestnus, f. intus = within, sb. lower part of

the alimentary canal; intestnum, sb. use of n.
A240
of adj.
dipping, infusion intincti, -n-, f. intingere, f. in- + tingere =
A240
dye, tinge
poison; stupefy
f. pp. stem of intoxicre, f. in- + toxicum =
A240
with a drug or
strong drink
poison
intrdcere, f. intro- + dcere = lead, bring
INTRODUCE
A240
intrdere, f. in- + trdere = thrust
INTRUDE
A241
INTUITION
INVALID
regard,
reference;
(philos.)
immediate
knowledge or
A241 apprehension
not valid
A241
give vent to
denunciation
INVEIGHT
A241
INVENT
devise, esp. by
way of original
A241 contrivance
intuiti, -n-, f. in- + tuiti, -n-, = protection,

f. tur = look after
invalidus, f. in- + validus = strong, powerful,

effective, f. valre = be strong
invehere = carry in, inveh = be borne into,
attack, assail with words, f. in- + vehere =
carry
f. invent-, pp. stem of invenre, f. in- + venre
= come
f. pp. stem of investgre, f. in- + vestgre =

track, trace out
INVETERATE
established by age invetertus, ppl. adj. of inveterre = make old,
or long standing; f. in- + vetus, veter- = old
obstinately
A241 embittered
INVIGILATE
keep watch
f. pp. stem of invigilre, f. in- + vigilre =
A241
watch, f. vigil = watchful
INVOLUNTARY
f. in- + voluntrius, f. volunts = will
INVESTIGATE
A241
A241
IRIS
IRONY
IRRATIONAL
flat circular
coloured
membrane in the
aqueous humour
of the eye; genus
of tuberous or
A242 bulbous plants
figure of speech
in which the
intended maning
is the opposite of
A242 that expressed
(math.)
A242
IRREFRAGABLE
A242
incontrovertible,
undeniable
IRRELEVANT
A242
IRRITATE
A242
incite; excite to
anger, fret
ris Gr. iris = rainbow, coloured circle, etc.,

rnia Gr. eirne, f. ern = disembler
ir- + ratinlis, f. rati = reason

irrefrgbilis, f. ir- + refrgr = oppose,
contest
ir- + relevns, -ant-, prp. of relevre = raise
up, relieve
f. pp. stem of irrtre
bursting in
IRRUPTION
A242
narrow neck of
land
maxim, hint;
article in an
A244 enumeration
do or say again
ISTHMUS
irrupti, -n-, f. irrupt-, pp. stem of

irrumpere, f. in- + rumpere = break
L. Gr. isthms = narrow passage, isthmus
A243
ITEM
ITERATE
A244
ITINERANT
A244
L. = just so, in like manner, moreover, f. ita =

so, based on the pronominal stem if. pp. stem of iterre = repeat, f. iterum =
again, compar. formation on the pronominal
base iprp. of itinerr, -re, f. iter, itiner- = journey,
f. IE. i- = go
J
JACTATION
boasting
iactti, -n-, f. iactre = toss about, discuss,

boast, frequent. of iacere = throw
Isuta, f. Iss + ta = -ite
least part or point
ita Gr. iota = iota
A245
JESUIT
A246 , B238
JOT
A248
action or office of
a judge; body of
A249 judges
giving judgement
JUDICATURE
idictra, f. pp. stem of idicre = judge
idicilis, f. idicium = judgement, f. idex,

idic- = judge
pert. to the neck or iugulris, f. iugulum = collar-bone, dim. of
A249 throat
iugum = yoke
azure
L. corr. to Skr. dyas pit = heaven father
JUDICIAL
A249
JUGULAR
JUPITER
A250
iridicus, f. is, ir- = law + -dicus = saying,

f. dcere = say
JURIDICAL
A250
K
(arch.) small
fiddle
short for kyrie
A255 eleison (14th)
KIT
cithara, Gr. kithr = cither
A253
KYRIE
L. repr. of Gr. Krie elson = Lord, have

mercy
L
med. form of ldanum Gr. ldanon,
ldanon, f. ledon = mastic
labilis, f. labia = lips
LABDANUM
A256
LABIAL
A256
L. prob. of foreign origin
LABURNUM
A256
LACERATE
A256
pert. to tears
LACHRYMAL
A256
LACONIC
(L-)
Lacedaemonian,
f. pp. stem of lacerre, f. lacer = mangled,

torn
lachrymlis, lacrimlis, f. lacrima, earlier
lacruma = tear
Lacnicus Gr. Lakniks, f. Lkn =
A256
Spartan; brief of
speech
member of the Spartan race, renowned for

brevity of speech
ldanum Gr. ldanon, ldanon, f. ledon =
mastic
licus = lay
sb.
lmentum
LADANUM
A256
LAIC
A257
LAMENT
A257
slip of the
memory; fall from
rectitude, grace;
termination of a
A258 right
LAR, PL . LARES
household god(s);
A258 heart, home
LAPSE
LARYNX
lapsus, f. laps-, pp. stem of lb = glide, slip,

fall
lr, pl. lrs; prob. orig.infernal divinities

and hence rel. to lrva = spectre, ghost
L. Gr. lrugx
A259
LATERAL
pert. to or at the
side
(arch.) extent,
A260 scope
worship that may
be paid only to
A260 God
laterlis, f. latus, later- = side
A259
LATITUDE
LATRIA
LAUDANUM
A260
lavabo
LAVATORY
A260
(edible) seaweed
LAVER

L. Gr. latre = service, worship, rel. to
latreein = serve
laudanum, Paracelsuss name for a
medicament of which he gives a pretended
prescription of costly ingredients but which
was early suspected to contain opium
wash, lave
laver = a water-plant
A260
LECTION
A262
LEMMA , PL .
LEMMATA,
LEMMAS
reading; liturgical
lesson
(math.) subsidiary
proposition
A263
LEVITY
lecti, -n-, f. lect-, pp. stem of legere = read

L. Gr. lemma, pl. lmmata = something
taken for granted or assumed, theme,
argument, title, f. lab- = base of lambnein =
take
levits, f. levis = light
A264
LIBERTINE
LICTOR
LIGAMENT
antinomian, freethinker; licentious

A265 man
officer in ancient
A265 Rome
ligature
lbertnus, f. lbertus = made free, f. lber =

free
L.
ligmentum, f. ligre = bind, tie
A266
LIMB
edge or boundary
of a surface or
A266 , B264 instrument
limbe or its source limbus = hem, selvage,

fringe
LIMBO
A266
LINEAMENT
prison,
confinement
line, outline
orig. in phr. in, out of limbo, repr. in, limb;

lnementum, f. lnere = make straight, f.
lnea = line
f. lingua = language
embrocation
linimentum, f. linere = smear, anoint
pure, clear (of air,

sound, light)
disputation
liquidus, f. liqure = be fluid
A267
LINGUIST
A267
LINIMENT
A267
LIQUID
A268
LITIGATION
A268
(perh.) monastic
cloister; passage or
corridor attached
A269 to a building
roundish
projecting part of
A269 an organ
LOBBY
LOBE
LOOSESTRIFE
A271
washing
LOTION
A272 , B253
plant yielding a
soporific fruit;
A272 water-lily of Asia
LUCUBRATION
(nocturnal) study
A273 or its product
LUPUS
(path.) ulcerous
A273 disease of the skin
LOTUS
LYCANTHROPY
A274
LYCEUM
the garden in
Athens where
A274 Aristotle taught
ltigti, -n-, f. ltigre, -t-, f. ls, lt- =

strife, lawsuit + agere = do
lobium, lobia = lobby
lobus Gr. lobs = lobe of ear or liver, pod

tr. lysimachia ( Gr. lusimkheion), erron.
taken to be directly f. Gr. lusi-, comb. form
of lein = loose + mkh = strife
lti, -n- = washing, f. lt-, laut-, pp. stem
of lavre = lave
ltus Gr. lts
lcubrti, -n-, f. lcubrre = work by
lamplight, f. lx, lc- = light
L. = wolf
lycanthrpia Gr. lukanthrp, f.
luknthrpos, f. lkos = wolf + nthrpos =
man
Lycum Gr. Lkeion, n. of lkeios = epithet
of Apollo, to whose temple the Lyceum was
adjacent
M
MACERATE
MAENAD
soften by steeping;
cause to waste
A275 away
Bacchante
A276
MAGNANIMOUS
A276
size
MAGNITUDE
f. pp. stem of mcerre = steep, soften,

weaken
Mnas, -ad- Gr. Mains, -ad-, f.
manesthai = rave
magnanimus, f. magnus = great + animus =
mind
magnitd, f. magnus = great, large
A276
MAGUS
member of an
ancient Persian
L. Gr. mgos OPers. magu
A276
MAJOR
priestly caste
greater
mior, compar. of magnus = great
A277
MAMMON
(personification
of) riches
A279
MANDAMUS
MANDATE
(leg.) writ
directing the
performance of a
A279 certain act
command, spec.
legal or judicial
A279
MANDIBLE
A279 , B283
MANDUCATION
A279
MANIPLE
A280 , B285
MANNA
A280
MANSE
A280
MANUSCRIPT
A281
MARITIME
A282
MATRICULATE
A285
MATRIX
A285
MAUSOLEUM
A285
MEANDER
eating
(eccl.) vestment
worn suspended
from the left arm;
subdivision of the
Roman legion
miraculous food of
Exodus; juice from
the bark of
Fraxinus ornus
(manna ash)
(hist.) measure of
land sufficient to
support a family;
ecclesiastical
residence
adj. written by
hand; sb. writing;
codex
mam(m)na, mam(m)on N.T. Gr.

mam(m)ns Aram. mmn, mmon =
riches, gain
L. = we command, 1st. pers. pl. pres. ind. of
mandre = enjoin, commit, f. manus = hand
+ dre = give
mandtum, sb. use of n. pp. of mandre =
enjoin, commit, f. manus = hand + dre =
give
mandibula, -ulum, f. mandere = chew
mandcti, -n-, f. mandcre, f. mandc
= guzzler, f. mandere = chew
manipulus = handful, troop of soldiers, f.
manus = hand
L. Hellenistic Gr. mnna Aram. mann

Heb. mn
mansus, -a,-um = dwelling, house, measure

of land, f. mns , pp. stem of manre =
remain, stay
manscrptus, i.e. man = with the hand,
scrptus, pp. of scrbere = write
maritimus, f. mare = sea + -timus, as in

fnitimus = neighbouring, lgitimus =
legitimate
insert (a name) in a f. pp. stem of mtrculre, f. mtrcula, dim.
register, admit into of mtrc- = matrix
a university, etc.
uterus; place or
mtrix, -c- = pregnant animal, female used
medium of
for breeding, parent stem, womb, register, f.
production
mter, mtr- = mother
mauslum Gr. mausleion = the
magnificent tomb of Mauslus, king of Caria
at Halicarnassus, accounted one of the seven
wonders of the world
(pl.) windings,
mander Gr. maandros, appellative use of
intricacies
the name of a river in Phrygia famous for its
A287
MECHANIC
A287
MEDIAL
handicraftsman,
artisan
(math.) mean
A287
MEDIASTINUM
MEDIATE
(anat.)
membranous
septum between
A287 cavities
halve; effect by
A287 intercession
MEDIOCRE
A287
MEDITATE
A287
MEDITERRANEAN
(of water) landlocked
A287
MEDIUM
MEDUSA
middle degree or
condition; middle
term, mean;
intervening
A287 substance
(M-)
one of the three
Gorgons, having
snakes for the hair
A287 of the head
notoriously winding course

machine
medilis, f. medius = mid
sb. n. of mediastnus = medial, f. medius =
mid
f. pp. stem of medire, f. medius = mid
mediocris = of middle height, f. medius =
mid + ocris = rugged mountain
f. pp. stem of meditr, frequent. f. IE. medmd- mod- = measure
mediterrneus = inland, in late L. applied to
the Mediterranean Sea, Mare
Mediterraneum, in which the orig. notion
may have been in the middle of the earth
rather than enclosed by land, f. medius = mid
+ terra = land, earth
medium = middle, midst, sb. use of n. of
medius = mid
Medsa Gr. Mdousa
f. pp. stem of meliorre, f. melior = better
MELIORATE
A288
MEMBRANE
A288
reminder, warning
MEMENTO
membrna = skin covering a part of the

body, f. membrum = member
A288
adj. begging
MENDICANT
A289
MENSES
A289
MENSTRUUM
monthly discharge
from the womb
uterine secretion
A289
MENSURATION
A289
MERCENARY
A289
MERCIAN
mensuring
adj.
pert. to, native of,

the Anglo-Saxon
A290 kingdom of Mercia
pp. of mendcre = beg, f. mendcus =

beggar, f. mendum = fault, blemish
mnss, pl. of mnsis = month
mnstruum, in class. L. only pl. menstrual
blood, sb. use of n. mnstruus, f. mnsis =
month
mnsrti, -n-, f. mnsrre = measure
mercnrius, earlier mercennrium, f.
mercs, merd- = reward, wages
Mercia, f. OE. M(i)erce = lit. people of the
march, borderers
MESENTERY
A290
METEMPSYCHOSI
S
A291
METEOR
(anat.) fold of
peritoneum
transmigration of
the soul
mesenterium Gr. mesentrion, f. msos =

mid + nteron = intestine
L. Gr. metempskhsis, f. met = meta +
en = in + pskh = soul
fireball, shooting
star
meterum of Gr. metron, sb. use of n. of

metros = raised up, lofty, f. met = meta +
er-, var. of base of aerein = raise
metculsus, f. metus = fear
A291
timid
METICULOUS
A291
METONYMY
A291
METOPE
A291
METROPOLIS
A292
MILL
A293
(rhet.) substitution
for the name of a
thing the name of
an attribute of it
(arch.) square
space between
triglyphs of the
Doric frieze
(hist.) seat of the
bishop of a
province; chief
city
aparatus for
grinding corn;
building in which
an industry or
manufacture is
carried on
A293
MINUS
MINUTE
metopa Gr. metp, f. met = between,

meta + opa = holes in a frieze to receive the
beams ends
mtropolis Gr. mtrpolis, f. mtr =
mother + plis = city
molnus, na, num, f. and repl. mola =
grindstone, mill
mintrius, f. mint-, pp. stem of minr =

menace
ellipt. or absol. uses of minimus, -a, -um =
least
MINATORY
MINIM
metnymia Gr. metnum, f. met = meta

+ noma, numa = name
friar of the Ordo

Minimorum
Eremitarum; thing
of the least size or
A294 importance
verbal rendering of L. = less, n. of minor
A294 the sign
lesser
A295
wretch
MISER
A295 , B302
MISSION
A296
MISSIVE
MODE
MODULATE
sending, esp.
abroad
missile; sb.letter
miser = wretched
missi, -n-, f. miss- stem of mittere = let go,

send
missvus, f. miss-, pp. stem of mittere = let
A296
go, send
mood in grammar modus = measure, size, manner, method,
A297 and logic
tune
make melody
f. pp. stem of modulr = measure, adjust to
rhythm, make melody, f. modulus, dim. of
A297
modus = mode
grinding (tooth)
MOLAR
fabulous herb
molris = of a mill, sb. millstone, grinder

tooth, f. mola = millstone
mly Gr. molu
captious critic
L. Gr. Momos = god of ridicule
A298
MOLY
A298
MOMUS
A298
exclussive
possession of the
trade in some
A299 article
MONSTRANCE
(eccl.) vessel in
which the Host is
exposed
MONOPOLY
A299
(leg.) delay
MORA
monoplium Gr. monoplion, -pl, f.

mnos = alone + plein = sell
mnstrantia, f. prp. stem of mnstrre =
show, f. mnstrum = something marvellous
or prodigious, orig. divine portent, f. monre
= warn
L.
A300
MOROSE
A301
MOTOR
agent or force
producing motion
pert. to the
internal affairs of a
state; pert. to local
self-govenment,
A304 esp. of a town
mrsus = peevish, wayward, fastidious, f.

ms, mr- = manner
mtor = mover, f. mt-, movre = move
A302
MUNICIPAL
MUNIFICENT
A305
MUREX
shell-fish yielding
a purple dye
(Rom. antiq.) pert.
to murra = fine
earth of which
precious vases, etc.
A305 were made
deprive of a limb
A306 or principal part
ten thousand;
countless number
mniciplis, f. mnicipium = Roman city of

which the inhabitants had Roman
citizenship, f. mniceps, -cip-, f. mnia =
civic offices + capere = take
f. mnificent- used as stem of of mnificus, f.
mnus = office, duty, gift
mrex
A305
MURRHINE
MUTILATE
MYRIAD
A306
MYRTLE
A306
MYSTERY
plant of genus
Myrtus
religious rite
A307
murr(h)inus, f. murra
f. pp. stem of mutilre = cut or lop off, f.

mutilus = maimed
mrias, mriad- Gr. mris, mriad-, f.
mris = countless, innumerable, pl. mroi
= ten thousand
myrtilla, -us, dim. of myrta, -us Gr. mrtos
mystrium Gr. mustrion = secret thing or
ceremony
N
NAPHTHA
A308
inflammable oil
from coal
NARCISSUS
A308
NARD
derived from the
L. Gr. nphtha, also nphthas, of oriental

orig.
L. Gr. nrkisson, the termination of which
suggests a Mediterranean orig.
nardus Gr. nrdos, of Sem. orig.
A309
plant so named
natti, -n-, f. natre = swim
NATATION
A309
feeling of sickness
NAUSEA
A309
NAUTICAL
A309
NAVAL
nausea, nausia Gr. naus, naut =

seasickness, nausea, f. naus = ship
f. nauticus Gr. nautiks, f. nats = sailor,
f. naus = ship
nvlis, f. nvis = ship
A309
NECTAR
drink of the gods;

delicious drink,
A310 sweet fluid
NEFARIOUS
A310
vb.
NEGLECT
A310
hold conference
with
NEGOTIATE
L. Gr. nktar
f. nefrius, f. nefs = wrong, wickedness, f.
ne- + fs = divine permission or law
f. neglct-, pp. stem of neglegere = disregard,
slight, f. neg- + legere = choose
f. pp. stem of negtir = carry on business, f.
negtium = business, f. neg- + tium = leisure
A310
water-lily
NENUPHAR
A311
NEOPHYTE
A311
recent, modern
NEOTERIC
A311
NEPHRITIC
A311
NERVE
A311
NEUTER
A312 , B323
NO.
A313
NODE
A314
affecting the
kidneys
sinew, tendon
intransitive,
neutral
(read as number)
complication,
entaglement
NOMINATE
A314
NONPLUS
state in which no
more can be said
or done, esp. in
phr. be at, put to, a
A314 nonplus
NOTION
A315
NOTORIOUS
NUDE
well or generally
known; noted for
A315 some bad quality
(leg.) not formally
L. Arab. and Pers. nnfar, nlfar Skr.

nltpala = blue lotus, f. nla- = blue +
utpala- = lotus
neophytus N.T. Gr. nephutos = newly
planted, f. nes = neo- + phutn = plant
neotericus Gr. neteriks, f. neteros,
compar. of nos = new
nephrticus Gr. nephrtiks, f. nephrtis, f.
nephrs = kidney
nervus = sinew, bowstring
abbr. of numer = in number, abl. of numerus
= number
ndus = knot, etc.
f. pp. stem of nminre, f. nmen, nmin- =
name
f. phr. nn pls = not more, no further
nti, -n- = becoming acquainted,

examination, idea, f. nt-, pp. stem of
nscere = know
ntrius, f. ntus = known
ndus f. now(e)dos, nogwedos = naked
attested; bare,
mere
NULL
not valid (n. and
A316 , B324 void)
NUMERAL
adj. pert. to
number; sb. figure
A316 denoting a number
NUNCUPATIVE
(leg.) oral, not
written (as a will)
A316
A316
NUTRIMENT
nllus, -a = no, none, f. ne + llus = any, f.

nus = one
numerlis, f. numerus = number
nncuptvus, f. pp. of nncpre = name,
declare, f. nmiceps or -capos = name-taking,
f. nmen = name + capere = take
ntrmentum, f. ntrire = nourish
A317
NUX VOMICA
seed of an E.
Indian tree from
which strychnine
A317 is obtained
nux = nut and fem. of vomicus, f. vomere =

vomit
tampering column
of stone; any of
A318 the signs , ,
obeliscus = small spit, obelisk Gr.

obelskos, dim. of obels = spit, pointed
pillar
f. pp. stem of obfuscre, f. ob- + fuscre =
darken, fuscus = dark
f. phr. ob iter, i.e. ob- + iter = journey, road
O
OBELISK
OBFUSCATE
A318
by the way
OBITER
A318
OBLITERATE
A319
exposed to harm;
subject to
authority; hurtful,
injurious;
offensive, highly
A319 objectionable
OBSCENE
offensive to the
senses, etc. ;
offensive to
A319 , B329 decency
OBSESS
beset, as a
A319 besieging force
OBSOLETE
fallen into disuse
OBNOXIOUS
A319
OBSTREPEROUS
A319
clamorous, noisy
OBTRUDE
f. pp. stem of oblit(t)erre = strike out, erase,

f. ob- + lit(t)era = letter
obnoxisus or f. obnoxius = exposed to harm,
subject, liable, f. ob- + noxa = hurt, injury
obscnus, obscnus = ill-omened,

disgusting, indecent
f. obsess-, pp. stem of obsidre = sit down
before, f. ob- + sedre = sit
obsoltus = grown old, worn out, pp. of
obsolre, f. ob- + solre = be accustomed or
used
obstreperus, f. obstrepere = shout at, oppose
noisily, f. ob- + strepere = make a noise
obtrdere, f. ob- + trdere = thrust
A319
OBVIATE
A319
back of the head
OCCIPUT
A320
f. pp. stem of obvire = meet in the way,

prevent, f. ob- + via = way
occiput, -pit-, f. oc- + caput = head
occldere, f. oc- + claudere = close
OCCLUDE
A320
OCCULT
hidden, secret,
recondite
meet with;
present itself to the
mind, in the course
A320 of events, etc.
(path.) swelling
produced by
A321 serous fluid
eager to please or
A321 serve; dutiful
A320
OCCUR
OEDEMA
OFFICIOUS
OLEAGINOUS
A322 , B332
OLEANDER
A322
OMEN
A322
OMENTUM
A322
OMNIUM
GATHERUM
L. Gr. odma, -mat-, f. oidein = swell

officisus, f. officium = office
oleginus, f. oleum = oil
oleander, oliandrum
men, min- = name
(anat.) caul
gathering of all
sorts,
miscellaneous
A322 assemblage
ONOMATOPOEIA
word-formation
based on imitation
A323
inflammation of
the eye
OPTHALMIA
occultus, pp. of occulere, f. oc- + base of

clre = conceal
occurrere = run to meet, present itself, befall,
f. oc- + currere = run
L.
omnium g. pl. of omnis = all + mock-L.
formation on gather for a gathering
L. Gr. onomatopoi = making of words, f.
onomatopois, f. noma, -mat- = name +
poios = making
L. Gr. ophthalm, f. opthalms = eye
A323
OPIATE
A323
OPPONENT
A324
OPPUGN
A324
ORATORY
A325
ORB
A325
ORBIT
containing opium,
narcotic
one who maintains
a contrary
argument
assail in speech or
action
art of the orator,
eloquent speaking
(old astron.)
hollow sphere
surrounding the
earth; circle, ring;
heavenly body
eye-socket
A325
ORC
ferocious
(sea-)monster;
opitus
oppnns, -ent-, prp. of oppnere = set
against, f. op- + pnere = place
oppugnre = fight against, f. op- + pugnre =
fight
rtria, sb. use of fem. of rtrius, f.
rtor
orbis = ring, round surface, disc
orbita = wheel-track, course, path, eyecavity, sb. use of fem. of orbitus = circular, f.
orbis, orb- = orb
orca = kind of whale Gr. ruga, acc. of
rux = oryx
OREAD
cetacean of the
A325 , B335 genus Orca
mountain nymph
A325
wild marjoram
ORIGANUM
Oras, -ad- Gr. Oreis, -ad-, f. ros =

mountain
L. Gr. organon
A326
according with
accepted opinion
ORTHODOX
A326
egg-shaped
OVAL
orthodoxus Gr. orthdoxos, f. orths =

straight, right + dxa = opinion, f. base of
dokein = seem, rel. to decet
vlis, f. vum = egg
A328
OVATION
(in ancient Rome)

lesser triumph
ovti, -n-, f. ovre = celebrate a (lesser)

triumph, perh. f. Gr. euoi = exultant cry at the
Bacchanalia
song of triumph
or exultation
pn Gr. pain = hymn to Apollo invokend

by the name Pain, Doric var. of Ionic
Pain, Attic pain, orig. the Homeric name
of the physician of the gods, afterwards
Apollo
AL. pagina
A328
P
PAEAN
A330
PAGEANT
A331
PALAESTRA
tableau of series
of tableaux
wrestling-school
palstra Gr. palastr, f. palaein = wrestle
A331
PALLADIUM
safeguard,
protection
cloak, conceal;
A332 alleviate
large cloak
A332
PALLIATE
PALLIUM
A332
universal remedy
PANACEA
A333
PANICLE
compound
inflorescence
habitation of all
the gods, deities
A334 collectively
papal system
L. Gr. palldion, f. Palls, -ad- = epithet of

the goddess Athene
f. pp. stem of pallire, f. pallium, rel. to palla
= long wide outer garment of Roman ladies
pallium, rel to palla = long wide outer
garment of Roman ladies
panaca Gr. pankeia, f. panaks = allhealing, f. pan- + base of kos = remedy
pnicula, dim. of pnus = stalk of a panicle
A333
PANTHEON
PAPACY
pantheon Gr. pntheion, f. pan- + theios =

divine, f. thes = god
pptia, f. ppa = pope
A334
PARABOLA
PARADIGM
(geom.) plane
curve formed by
the intersection of
alone by a plane
parallel to a side
A335 of the cone
(gram.) example
of the inflexions
of a class of
A335 words
L. Gr. parabol = juxtaposition, application
paradgma Gr. pardeigma = example, f.

paradeiknnai = show side by side, f. para- +
deiknnai = show
PARADOX
statement or tenet
contrary to
received opinon;
proposition on the
face of it selfA335 contradictory
PARALYSIS
A335
one who obtains

hospitality etc. by
A336 obsequiousness
PARENTHESIS
qualifying matter
introduced into a
A336 passage
PARIETAL
(anat.) pert. ot the
wall of the body
A337 , B350 or a bodily organ
PARODY
sb.
PARASITE
parietlis, f. paris, pariet- = wall, partition

wall
divisible
(gram.)
f. pp. stem of participre, f. particepts, -cip= taking part, f. pars, part- = part + cip-,
weakened form of cap- of capere = take
particula, dim. of pars, part- = part
PARONOMASIA
A337
stinginess
A338
PARTIBLE
L. Gr. parlusis, f. paralesthai = be

loosened or disabled at the side, pass. of
paralein, f. para- + lein = loosen
parastus Gr. parstos = one who eats at
the table of another, toady, f. para- + sitos =
food
L. Gr. parnthesis, f. parentithnai = place
in besides
pardia or Gr. parid = burlesque poem or

song, f. para- + id = song, poem
L. Gr. paronomas, f. para- + onomas =
naming after paronomzein = alter slightly in
naming, f. para- + noma = name
parsimnia, f. pars-, pp. stem of parcere =
refrain, spare
partbilis, f. partr = divide, part
A337
PARSIMONY
paradoxum, -doxon, sb. use of n. of

paradoxus Gr. pardoxos, f. para- + dxa =
opinion
A338
PARTICIPATE
A338
PARTICLE
A338
about to bring
forth
PARTURIENT
A338
PATENT
A340
(gen.) open,
manifest
parturins, -ent-, prp. of parturre = be in

labour, inceptive, f. part-, pp. stem of parere
= bring forth
patns, -ent-, prp. of patre = lie open
pauper = poor
PAUPER
A341
PECULIAR
PECUNIARY
PENATES
PENETRATE
individual,
particular; sb.
parish or church
independent of the
jurisdiction of the
A342 ordinary
pecnirius, f. pecnia = money, orig. riches
A342
in cattle, f. pecu = herd
household gods of Pents, pl. f. penus = provision of food
A343 the Romans
f. pp. stem of penetrre = place within, enter
within, f. penitus = inner, inmost, into the

inmost recesses
pninsula, f. pne = almost + insula = island
A344
PENINSULA
A344
PENTAMETER
A344
PENTATEUCH
the first five

books of the O.T.
A344
striking of one
body by another
PERCUSSION
A345 , B405
PEREGRINATE
A345
travel (abroad)
foreign,
outlandish
PEREGRINE
A345
PERFIDY
A346
PERFORATE
A346
PERFUNCTORY
make a hole
through
done or acting
merely by way of
duty
A346
PERICARDIUM
A346
PERICRANIUM
A346
(member) of the
school of
philosophy
founded by
Aristotle, who
taught in a
perpatos =
walking place in
the Lyceum at
A346 , B363 Athens
PERIPHERY
boundary of a
A346 rounded surface
PERIPATETIC
PERIPHRASIS
A346
PERITONEUM
A346
PERLUSTRATE
A347
PERNICIOUS
A347
travel through and

survey
L. Gr. pentmetros, -on, sb. uses of m. and

n. of adj., f. penta- = five + mtron = metre
pentateuchus Gr. pentteukhos, sb. use of
adj. , f. penta- = five + teukhos = implement,
vessel, book
percussi, -n-, f. pp. stem of percutere =
strike or thrust through, f. per- + quatere =
strike, dash, shake
f. pp. stem of peregrnr = sojourn or travel
abroad, f. peregrnus = foreign
peregrnus = foreign, f. pereger = that is
abroad or on a journey, f. per- + ager =
territory, country
perfidia, f. perfidus = treacherous, f. per- +
fds = faith
f. pp. stem of perforre, f. per- + forre =
bore, pierce
perfunctrius = careless, negligent, f.
perfunct-, pp. stem of perfung = perform,
discharge, get rid of, f. per- + fung = perform
L. Gr. perikrdion = pod, husk, shell, f.
peri- + krdi = heart
L. Gr. perikrnion, sb. sue of n. of
perikrnios = round the skull
peripatticus Gr. peripattiks, f. peripatein
= walk up and down, f. peri- + patein = tread
periphera Gr. periphreia, f. periphers =

revolving round, f. peri- + phrein = bear
L. Gr. perphrasis, f. peri- + phrzein, f.
peri- + phrzein = declare
peritonum, -um Gr. peritnaion, -eion,
sb. use of n. of peritnaios, f. pertonos =
stretched around, f. peri- + tonos = stretched
f. pp. stem of perlstrre, f. per- + lstrre =
purify, pass in review, f. lstrum = lustre
pernicisus, f. pernicis = destruction, f. per+ nex, nec- = death, destruction
(arch.) ponder
PERPEND
A347
PERPETRATE
A347
casual profits or
emoluments
PERQUISITE
A347
continue firmly in
a state, etc.
PERSPECTIVE
art of drawing so
as to give the
effect of sollidity
A347 and relative size
PERSUADE
induce to believe
or act in a certain
way; induce
belief in or
practice of,
A348 commend
PERUSE
read through
PERSIST
perpendere = weigh exactly, consider, f. per+ pendere = weigh

f. pp. stem of perpetrre = perform, f. per- +
patrre = bring about, lit. perform or execute
as father, f. pater, patr- = father
qurere = seek
persistere, f. per- + sistere = stand
A347
A348
PETROLEUM
A348
PHALANX
mineral oil,
occurring in rocks
line of battle
perspectva, sb. use of fem. of perspectvus, f.

perspect-, pp. stem of perspicere = look at
persudre, f. per- + sudre = advise,
recommend
AL. persre, persitre = use up, f. per- +

sre, sitr = use often, frequent. f. s- =
use
f. petra = rock + oleum = oil
L. Gr. phlagx
A349
lighthouse
PHAROS
A349
PHILIPPIC
PHRASE
PIA MATER
(pl.) name of the

orations of
Demosthenes
against Philip II,
king of Macedon;
hence applied to
Ciceros orations
against Mark
Anthony, and gen.
to any invective
or denunciatory
A349 speech
style of
expression,
diction; small
group of words in
a sentence; pithy
A350 expression
delicate innermost
of the three
appelative use of Pharos Gr. Phros = name

of an island of Alexandria on which stood a
famous lighthouse
philippicus Gr. Philippiks, f. Phlippos
phrasis Gr. phrsis = speech, manner of

speaking, f. phrzein = indicate, declare, tell
L. tr. Arab. al-umm ar-rakka = the thin or

tender mother
PICA
PICTURE
PILCH
meninges of the
brain and spinal
A351 cord
(typogr.) size of
A351 printing type
visual impression,
mental image;
graphic
A352 description
saddle pad
transf. use of pica = almanac for the recitation

of divine service
pictra = painting, f. pict-, pp. stem of
pingere = paint, embroider
pellicia = cloak, for pellicea, f. pellis = skin
A352
(pl.) legs; skittles
PIN
A353
PINASTER
pine tree of southwestern Europe

be consumed with
A353 longing
marauder
pinna = applied to varous objects likened to a

wing or feather
pnaster, f. pnus = pine
A353
PINE
PIRATE
A354
PLACABLE
A355 , B376
PLACET
A355
PLAGAL
PLAGIARY
capable of being
appeased, mild
vote of assent
(mus.) pert. to an
ecclesiastical
mode having its
sounds comprised
between the
dominant and its
A355 octave
adj. plagiarizing
A355
PLAINSONG
A356
PLATONIC
A357
PLAUSIBLE
A357
PLEBEIAN
A357
PLENARY
music composed
in the medival
modes and in free
rhythm; simple
musical theme
pert. to Plato,
Greek philosopher
laudable;
acceptable,
agreeable; having
an appearance of
truth or value
pert. to, a member
of, the Roman
plebs
pna, pna
peril
plcbilis, f. plcre = be pleasing, pp. stem
of plctplacet = it pleases, 3rd sg. pres. ind. of
placre = please
plaglis, f. plaga = plagal mode, f. plagius
Gr. plgios = oblique, f. plgos = side
plagirius = kidnapper, literary thief, f.

plagium = man-stealing, kidnapping Gr.
plgion
tr. cantus plnus = plain song
Platnicus Gr. Platniks, f. Pltn

plausibilis, f. plaus- pp. stem of plaudere =
clap hands in approval
plbius, f. plbs, plb- = commonalty of

ancient Rome
plnrius, f. plnus = full
A357
PLETHORA
(path.) condition
marked by
overfullness of
A357 blood, etc.
plthra Gr. plthr = fullness, repletion,

f. plthein = be full
f. pls quam perfectum = more than perfect
PLUPERFECT
A358
PLUS
verbal rendering
of the sign +
each extremity
(north and south)
of the earths axis;
each of two
opposite points on
surface of magnet
at which magnetic
forces are
A360 manifested
refined
pls = more
A359
POLE
POLITE
polus = end of an axis Gr. plos = pivot,

axis
A360
fine flour
POLLEN
A360
POLYPUS
hydra, octopus,
etc.
mash of crushed
apples in ciderA361 making
puppet
A361
POMACE
POPPET
pollen = flour, fine powder, rel. pulvis =

powder
L. Gr. plupos, var. of Attic polpous =
cuttle-fish, f. pols = poly + pos = foot
pmcium = cider (f. pmum = apple)
A362
POSSE
POSTERIOR
POSTULATE
potentiality (often
in phr. in p. =
A363 potential(ly)
latter; sb.
A364 descendants
demand
A364
POULTICE
PRAXIS
soft mass of
bread, etc. applied
as an emollient,
A365 etc.
practice, exercise
A366
PRECESSION
A366
(astron.) of the
equinoxes
PRECURSOR
A366
PREDATORY
A366
PREDIAL
A367
pert. to land or
farms
posse = be able; from scholastic terminology

posterior, compar. of posterus = following,
future, f. post = after
postultum, sb. use of n. pp. of postulre ,
prob. f. base of poscere = demand
pl. pultes, later taken as sg. puls, pult- =
pottage, pap
L. Gr. praxis = doing, action, f. prk- , base
of prssein = do
prcessi, -n-, f. prcdere = precede
prcursor, f. prcurrere , f. pr = pre +
currere = run
prdtrius, f. prdtor = plunderer, f.
prdr = plunder, f. prda = booty, plunder
prdilis, f. prdium = farm, estate, f. prs,
prd- = surety, bondsman
PREDICAMENT
A367
PREDICANT
class, category,
situation
sb. preacher
prdicmentum, f. prdicre = preach
(logic and gram.)

that which is
asserted of the
subject
purchase before
an opportunity is
offered to others
public lecture in a
college or
university
occurring before
the time
prdictum, n. pp. of prdicre = proclaim,

declare; predicate also pr = pre- + dcre =
say, speak
prdicns, -ant-, prp. of prdicre = preach
A367
PREDICATE
A367
PRE -EMPTION
A367
PRELECTION
A367
PREMATURE
A367
PREMEDITATE
A367
occupy or engage
in advance
PREPOSTEROUS
inverted in
position; contrary
to nature or
A368 reason
PRESBYTER
elder in the early
Christian church;
Christian minister
of the second
A368 order
PRESCRIBE
lay down as an
injunction; order
the use of (a
A368 medicine)
PREOCCUPY
A367
PRETEXT
A369
PREVARICATE
swerve from the

right course
A369
PREVENT
PRIMARY
anticipate with
guidance; forstall
by previous
A369 measures, hinder
of the first rank
A369
PRIME
A369
choicest or finest
part, time, etc.
prempti, -n-, f. premere, -empt-, f. pr

= pre- + emere = buy
prlecti, -n-, f. pr = pre- + lecti, -n-, f.
lect-, pp. stem of legere = read, orig. gather,
choose
prmtrus = very or too early, f. pr = pre+ mtrus = mature
f. pp. stem of prmeditr, f. pr = pre- +
meditr, frequent. f. IE. medmd- mod- =
measure
f. pre- + occupy, after proccupre = seize
beforehand
prposterus = before-behind, reserved, out of
order or season, f. pr + posterus =
following, future, f. post = after
presbyter Gr. presbteros = in N. T. elder of
the Jewish sanhedrin, elder of the apostolic
church
prscrbere, f. pr = pre- + scrbere = write
prtextus = outward display, f. prtext-, pp.

stem of prtexere = weave in front, border,
disguise, f. pr = pre- + textere = weave
f. pp. stem of prvricr = go crookedly,
deviate from the right path, practise collusion,
transgress, f. pr = pre- + vrcre = spread
the legs apart, straddle, f. vrus = knockkneed
f. prvent-, pp. stem of prvenre = precede,
anticipate, hinder, f. pr = pre- + venre =
come
prime
prma = first
PRISM
PROBE
(geom.) solid
figure of which
the two ends are
similar, equal, and
parallel rectilinear
figures and the
sides
A370 parallelograms
blunt instrument
for exploring
A371 wounds, etc.
PROCLIVITY
A371
PROCRASTINATE
A371
PROCREATE
A371
PRODIGAL
A371
omen, portent
PRODIGY
A371
PRODUCE
PROFICIENT
PROFLIGATE
bring into
existence; extend
A371 in length
making
progress; that has
made progress in
A372 learning
overthrown;
abandoned to vice
A372
PROGRESS
A372
PROJECT
A372
PROLEPSIS
A372
PROLONG
prisma Gr. prisma, -mat- = lit. thing sawn,

f. przein = saw
proba = proof, examination, f. probre = test,

prove
prclvits, f. prclvis = inclined, f. pro- +
clvus = slope
f. pp. stem of prcrstinre, f. pro- +
crstinus = belonging to tomorrow, f. crs =
tomorrow
f. pp. stem of prcrere, f. pro- + crere =
create
prdiglis, f. prdigus = lavish, rel. to
prdigere = drive forward, cast before one,
squander, f. prd-, var. of pro- + agere =
drive
prdigium, f. prd-, var. of pro- + an el. of
uncert. orig.
prdcere, f. pro- + dcere = lead
prficins, -ent-, prp. of prficere = advance,
pro- + facere = do
prflgtus = ruined, dissolute, pp. of

prflgre = cast down, ruin, f. pro- + base
glg- = beat
forward
prgressus, f. pp. stem of prgred = go
movement
forward, f. pro- + grad = step, walk, go, f.
gradus = step
conception,
priectum, n. of pp. of pricere = throw forth,
notion
expel, f. pro- + iacere = throw
anticipation, esp.
prolpsis Gr. prlepsis, f. prolambnein =
as techn. device in anticipate, f. pro- + lambnein = take
reth. and gram.
lengthen in space prlongre, f. pro- + longus = long
A372
projecting
PROMINENT
A373
PROMONTORY
A373
PROMOTE
further in growth
prminns, -ent-, prp. of prminre = jut out,

f. pro- + base of mns = mount
prmontrium, alt. of prmunturium, gen.
considered to be f. pr = pro and deriv. of
mns
f. prmt-, pp. stem of prmovre = move
A373
PROMULGATE
A373
PRONE
bending forward
and downward
multiply
specimens of;
cause to increase
A373 or spread
forward
f. pp. stem of prmulgre = expose to public
view, f. pro- + base of mulgre = milk, cause
to issue forth, bring to light
A373
PROPAGATE
PROPENSITY
A373
PROSCRIBE
A374
PROSECUTE
A374
PROSOPOPOEIA
A374
PROSTHESIS
A374
PROSTITUTE
post up the name

(of a person) as
condemned
carry on; institute
legal proceedings
against
(rhet.) figure by
which an
imaginary or
absent person is
represented as
acting;
personification
(philol.) addition
of a letter or
syllable at the
beginning of a
word
adj. offered or
exposed to lust
A374
PROTECT
A374
PROTEUS
PROTRACT
PROXIMATE
(Gr. and Roman

myth.) sea-god
fabled to change
his shape, transf.
A374 and fig.
lengthen out;
A375 draw to scale
immediately
adjacent
A375
PROXY
PUBLISH
document
authorizing a
person to act for
A375 another
issue copies of (a
f. pp. stem of prpgre = multiply by

means of layers or slips
prpensus = inclining, inclined, pp. of
prpendre, f. pro- + pendre = hang
prscrbere = publish in writing, f. pro- +
scrbere = write
f. prsect-, pp. stem of prsequ = pursue,
accompany, f. pro- + sequ = follow
L. Gr. prospopoi = representaion in
human form, f. prspon = face, person +
poiein = make
L. Gr. prsthesis, f. prostithnai = add, f.

prs = to
prstittus, pp. of prstituere = expose

publicly, offer for sale, prostitute, f. pro- +
statuere = set up, place
f. prtect-, pp. stem of prtegere = cover in
front, f. pro- + tegere = cover
L. Gr. Protes
f. prtract-, pp. stem of prtrahere = prolong,

defer, also f. pro- + trahere = draw
proximtus, pp. of proximre = approach, f.
proximus = nearest, superl. of proqe, var. of
prope = near
prcrtia, rep. prcrti = procuration
pblicre = make public, f. pblicus = public
book, etc.) to the

public
fleshy part of
A377 fruit, etc.
reduce to powder
A376
PULP
PULVERIZE
pulpa
pulverizre, f. pulvis, pulver- = dust, powder
A377
pungns, -ent-, prp. of pungere = prick
PUNGENT
A378
PURITAN
PURULENT
Protestant who
aimed at further
purification of
Reformed
doctrine and
A378 practice
of the nature of
A379 pus
A379
PUSILLANIMOUS
A379
PYRETHRUM
purulentus, f. ps, pr- = pus

ps, pr = pus
PUS
PYRAMID
pritts = purity
monumental (esp.
Egyptian)
structure with
polygonal base
and sloping sides
meeting in an
apex; pile of this
A379 shape
pellitory of Spain
psillanimis, f. psillus = very small, weak (f.

psus = boy, rel. to puer = boy) + animus =
mind
pyramis, -id- Gr. purams, - id-
L. Gr. prethron = feverfew
A379
PYRITES
fire-stone;
sulphide of iron
war-dance of
A380 ancient Greeks
(Gr. myth.) huge
serpent slain by
Apollo near
A380 Delphi
box at the Royal
Mint in which
gold and silver
coins are
deposited to be
A380 tested
A380
PYRRHIC
PYTHON
PYX
pyrts Gr. purts sb. use of adj. = pert. to

fire, f. pur = fire
pyrricha or Gr. purrhkh, said to be named
from the inventor, Prrhikhos
Pthn Gr. Pthn
pyxis Gr. puxs = box
Q
QUAERE
one may ask, it is a L. imper. of qurere = ask, inquire

question; question,
A381 query
QUARTO
QUERULOUS
size of paper
orig. in phr. in quarto = in a fourth
produced by
folding a whole
sheet twice so as
to form four leaves
A382 (8 pages)
querulus or querulsus, f. quer = complain
A382
subtlety, quibble
QUIDDITY
A383
QUID PRO QUO
QUIETUS
QUIP
QUONDAM
(in apothecaries
language) one
thing in place of
another; one thing
in return for
A383 another, tit for tat
discharge or
A383 acquittance
sharp or sarcastic
A384 remark
former
A385
QUOTE
A385
cite or refer to;

note
quiddits, f. quid = what

quid = something, pr = for, qu (abl. of
quid) = something
short for quitus est = he is quit

prob. abbrev. of quippy, perh. quippe =
indeed, forsooth
adj. use of quondam = formerly (orig. at any
given moment), f. quom = when +
generalizing particle -dam
quota = quota
R
radilis, f. radius
RADIAL
A386
(math., philol.
etc.) pert. to a root
or radix; inherent,
A386 fundamental
RADIUS
staff of a cross
radius = staff, spoke, ray, radius of a circle, of
A386
the arm
RADIX
(chiefly techn.)
rdx = root of a plant
A386 root, basis
RAMPION
species of bell
f. some var. of the Rom. forms derived from
A388 flowers
rapuncium, rapontium
RANUNCULUS
crowfoot,
rnunculus = little frog, tadpole, medicinal
A388 buttercup
plant, dim. of rna = frog
RAPT
transported with
emotion, plunged
A388 in thought
RARE
uncommon
rrus
RADICAL
A389
RATIOCINATION
raticinti, -n-, f. raticinr = calculate,

deliberate, f. rati, -n- = reckoning,
A389
based on or pert.
to reason
RATIONAL
A389
REAL
actually existing
or present that is
truly what its
A391 name implies
RECANT
A391
RECAPITULATE
A391
sb. formula for a

medical
A392 prescription
RECIPROCAL
done in return;
inversely related
RECIPE
A392
RECLINE
A392 , B229
RECOGNITION
(of a dial) incline

from the vertical
acknowledgement
as true or valid
A392
RECOLLECT
call back to ones

mind; collect;
A392 collect again
reckon
reckon
relis, f. rs = thing
recantre = recall, revoke, f. re- + cantre =

sing, chant
f. pp. stem of recapitulre, f. re- + capitulum
= section of a writing, chapter
recipe, imper. sg. of recipere = receive
reciprocus = moving backwards and
forwards, alternating recoprocos, f. recos +
procos, f. re- and pro =
reclnre = bend back, lay aside, recline, f. re+ clnre = lean
recogniti, -n-, f. recognit-, pp. stem of
f. recollect-, pp. stem of recolligere = collect
again, f. re- + colligere = collect
rctum, n. of rctus = straight
RECTUM
A393
recover, regain
RECUPERATE
A393
RECUSANT
REDUCE
Roman Catholic
who refused to
attend services of
the Church of
A393 England
diminish
A393
make double or
twofold
REFRIGERATE
cause to become
A395 cold
REDUPLICATE
A394
REFULGENT
f. pp. stem of recuperre, f. re- + cup- (as in

occupre = occupy)
recsns, -ant-, prp. of recsre = refuse, f.
re- + causa = cause

f. pp. stem of reduplicre, f. re- + duplicre =
duplicate
f. pp. stem of refrgerre, f. re- + frgus,
frgor- = cold
prp. of refulgre, f. re- + fulgre = shine
A395
refuse; prove in
error, disprove
REGENERATE
cause to be born
again or
A395 reproduced
REFUTE
reftre = repel, rebut, f. re- + ft-
A395
f. pp. stem of regenerre, f. re- + generre, f.

genus, gener- = genus
(astron.) bright
dim. of rx, rg- = king
star in Leo;
metallic
antimony, app. so
called from its
ready combination
with gold;
metallic part of a
A396 mineral
REHABILITATE
restore to former
f. pp. stem of rehabilitre, re- + habilitre, f.
A396 status
habilits = ability
REITERATE
f. reitert-, f. re- + iterre = repeat
REGULUS
A396
vb.
RELAPSE
relaps-, pp. stem of relab, f. re- + lab = slip
A396
RELATE
RELAX
RELEGATE
give an account
of; (leg.) refer
A396 back
free from legal
A396 restraint
send into exile
A397
RELENT
A397
RELEVANT
grow gentle or
forgiving
pertinent to
A397
relic; pl. remains
RELICT
A397
send a prisoner
into custody
REMAND
A397
remainder
REMANET
A397
REMINISCENCE
A397
put back
REMIT
A397
REMONSTRATE
A398
demonstrate
REMORA
sucking-fish
A398
REMUNERATE
A398
RENEGUE
A398
deny, renounce;
refuse
RENOVATE
A398
repulsion,
repulse, recoil;
A399 , B405 reverberation
REPERCUSSION
f. stem of reltus, fuctioning as pp. of referre

= refer
f. pp. stem of relgre = send away, refer, f.
re- + lgre = send
relentre, f. re- + lentre = bend, soften, f.
lentus = flexible
relevns, -ant-, prp. of relevre = raise up,
relieve
relictus, n. sg. -um, n. pl. -a, pp. of relinquere
= leave behind, relinquish
remandre = send back word, repeat a
command, f. re- + mandre = command, send
word
L. = there or it remains, 3rd sg. pres. ind. of
remanre = remain
reminiscentia, f. reminisc = remember, f. re+ men- = revolve in the mind, think
f. pp. stem of remnstrre = demonstrate, f.
re- + mnstrre = show
remora = delay, hindrance, f. re- + mora =
delay
f. pp. stem of remnerr, f. re- + mnerre,
-r, f. mnus, mner- = gift, reward
renegre, f. re- + negre = deny
f. pp. stem of renovre, f. re- + novre =
make new, f. novus = new
f. re- + percussi, -n-, f. pp. stem of
percutere = strike or thrust through, f. per- +
quatere = shake, strike, dash
REPERTORY
REPOSE
index, list;
storehouse,
A399 repository
place (trust) in
A399
REPROBATE
A399
REPUDIATE
A399
REPULSE
A400
RESCRIPT
A400
rejected by God;
of abandoned
chraracter; sb.
put away (a wife);
reject
driving back;
refusal, rejection
decretal epistle
from the Pope in
reply to a
question; edict,
decree
RESTRICT
A401
rise again
RESURGE
repertrium, f. repert-, pp. stem of reperre =

find
f. re- + pose, after repnere, f. re- + ponere =
place
reprobtus, pp. of reprobre = disapprove, f.
re- + probre = approve, prove
f. pp. stem of repudire, f. repudium =
divorce
repulsus, repulsa, f. pp. stem of repellere =
repel
rescriptum = imperial decision, sb. use of n.
of pp. rescriptus of rescrbere = reply in
writing to a petition, etc., f. re- + scrbere =
write
f. restrict-, pp. stem of restringere = confine,
bind fast, f. re- + stringere = draw tight
resurgere, f. re- + surgere = rise
A401
RESUSCITATE
A401
RETICULAR
A402
RETORT
A402
RETRACT
A402
RETRIBUTION
A402
RETROGRADE
A402
REVERBERATE
A402
RHAPSODY
A403
RHETOR
A403
RIGID
A405 , B423
RISIBLE
A406
resembling or
constructed like a
net
repay, requite;
cast back
restraint,
withdraw
recompense for
evil
tending or
inclined to go
backwards
beat or drive
back; re-echo;
intr.
epic poem or part
of one suitable for
recitation at one
time; miscellany,
medley
(professional)
orator
not pliant or
yielding; strict
inclined to
laughter
f. pp. stem of resuscitre, f. re- + suscitre =

raise, revive, f. sus- = sub- + citre = put in
motion, excite
f. rticulum = reticule
f. retort-, pp. stem of retorqure, f. re- +
torqure = twist
f. retract-, pp. stem of retrahere, f. re- +
trahere = draw
retribti, -n-, f. retribuere, f. re- + tribuere
= assign
retrgradus, f. retro- + gradus = step
f. pp. stem of reverberre, f. re- + verberre
= strike, beat, f. verbera = rods, scourge
rhapsdia Gr. rhapsid, f. rhapsids =
rhapsodist, f. rhptein = stitch + id = song
rethor, var. of rhtor Gr. rhtr

rigidus, f. rigre = be stiff
risibilis, f. rs, pp. stem of rdre = laugh
sb.
RIVAL
A406
ROGUE
A407
ROSTRUM
A408
RUMINATE
A410
RUSTIC
A411
S
SABBATH
one of a class of
vagrants;
unprincipled man;
mischievous
person
platform for
public speakers in
ancient Rome,
adorned with
beaks of captured
ships
meditate (upon);
chew the cud
sb. countryman,
peasant
the Lords Day,

Sunday
pert. to the
Sabbath; pert. to
the seventh year
prescribed by
Mosaic law to be
observed as a
A412 Sabbath
leaping (first in
A414 her.)
A412
SABBATICAL
SALIENT
rvlis = one who uses the same stream with

another, f. rvus = stream
prob. roger = begging vagabond pretending
to be a poor scholar from Oxford or
Cambridge; f. rogre = ask, beg
rstrum = beak, snout, etc. f. rdere = gnaw
f. pp. stem of rminr, -re, f. rmen, rmin= throat, gullet, first stomach of a ruminant
rsticus, f. rs = country
sabbatum Gr. sbbaton Heb. abbth, f.

bath = rest
sabbaticus Gr. sabbatiks, f. sbbaton
Heb. = rest
salins, -ent-, prp. of salre = leap

salbris, f. sals = health
SALUBRIOUS
A415
realgar
SANDARAC
sandaraca Gr. sandark(h)
A416
sanis
SANIES
A416
SATIATE
satisfy
f. pp. stem of satire, f. satis = enough
satisfy, satiate
f. pp. stem of saturre, f. satur = full, satiated
fig. harsh
f. scaber, scabr-, f. scabis = roughness, f.

scabere = scratch, scrape
scla = usu. pl. steps, staircase, ladder, f. base
of scandere = climb
scandere = climb, measure (verses)
A418
SATURATE
A418
SCABROUS
A419
SCALE
(mus.) series of
graduated sounds
criticize, test;
examine or
consider closely;
interpret;
A420 discern
beetle
A419
SCAN
SCARAB
A420
scarabus Gr. krabos = stag beetle
SCENE
SCHEME
apparatus for
scna, scna = stage, scene Gr. skn =
setting forth the
tent, stage, scene, rel. to ski = shadow
action of a play;
division of an act
of a play; place of
an action; stage
A421 performance
figure of rhetoric schma Gr. schema = form, figure
A421
pert. to the
schoolmen
SCHOLASTIC
A421
SCHOLIUM , PL.
-IA
A422
SCRIBE
explanatory note,
comment
secretary, clerk;
copyist,
A424 transcriber
scholasticus Gr. skholastiks = studious,

learned, sb. scholar, f. skholzein = be at
leisure, devote ones leisure to learning, f.
skhlol = leisure
L. Gr. skhlion, f. skhol = learned
discussion
scrba = official or public writer, f. scrbere =
write, trace characters
scrtum (scrautum = skin sheath for arrows)
SCROTUM
A424
one who
examines closely
SCRUTATOR
A425
SCURRILOUS
A425 , B443
SECRETARY
A426
SECTOR
A426
SECULAR
A427
SECURE
A427
SEDULOUS
coarsely
opprobrious or
jocullar
minister at the
head of a
department of
state
plane figure
contained by two
radii and the arc
of a curve
intercepted by
them; instrument
invented by
Thomas Hood for
the mechanical
solution of
mathematical
problems
occurring once in
an age
(arch.) feeling no
care; safe, certain
diligent or
persistent in
scrttor, f. scrtr = search, examine, f.

scrta = trash, rubbish; the orig. application
being to the rummaging of rag-pickers or the
searching of persons
f. synon. scurrile, f. scurrlis, f. scurra =
buffoon
sector (agent-noun of secre = cut)

scrus, f. se- + cra = care
f. sdulus = eager, zealous, f. sdul =
zealously, carefully, for s dol = without
A427
SEGMENT
application
sb.
guile, with zeal

segmentum, f. sec- stem of secre = cut
A427
SEGREGATE
A427
SELECT
A428
SELENITE
specially chosen,
picked
suplhate of lime
or gypsum
A428
SEMINARY
SENARIUS
SENIOR
place of
production,
cultivation, or
A428 education
(pros.) iambic
A428 trimeter
that ranks higher
f. pp. stem of sgregre, f. se- + grex, greg- =

flock
slectus, pp. of sligere = choose out, f. se- +
legere = collect, choose
selnts Gr. selnts, f. seln = moon; so
called because supposed to wax and wane
with the moon
sminrium, sb. use of n. of sminrius, f.
smen, smin- = seed
snrius, sb. use of adj., f. sn = six each, f.
sex = six
A429
SENNA
(leaflets of) the

cassia plant
faculty of
perception or
sensation; actual
perception or
A429 feeling
cuttlefish
sen(n)a Arab. san
A429
SENSE
SEPIA
snsus = faculty of feeling, sensibility, mode

of feeling, thought, meaning, f. sns-, pp.
stem of sentre = feel
spia Gr. sp
A429
SEPS
very venomous
serpent
(of weather, etc.)
clear and calm;
honorific epithet
A430 of a prince
pert. to serum
sps Gr. sps, base of spein = rot
A429
SERENE
SEROUS
A430 , B449
SERVICE
A431
SESTERCE
SETON
SHAMBLES
tree of the genus

Sorbus
ancient Roman
A431 coin
issue created by a
thread etc. drawn
through a fold of
A431 the skin
slaughter-house
sernus = clear, fair, calm
sersus, f. serum
sorbea, f. sorbus = service tree
sestertius = that is two and a half, f. smis =
half + tertius = third
st, -n-, app. f. st = bristle, silk
scamellum, dim. of scamnum = bench
A433
pert. to the stars
SIDERAL
sderlis, f. sdus, sder- = constellation, star
A438
sincrus
SINCERE
A439
(anat.) front part
SINCIPUT
A439
sinciput, for senciput, f. smi- = half, semi- +
SINE
A439
SINISTER
A440 , B461
SINUOUS
A440 , B461
SINUS
A440
SITUATE
of the skull
(math.) one of the
three
trigonometrical
functions
unlucky,
unfavourable
marked by turns
or bends
(path.) abscess,
etc.
situated
caput = head
sinus = bend, fold of toga, bosom
sinister = left
sinusus sinus = semicircular fold, bosom,
bay
sinus = semicircular fold, bosom, bay
situtus, f. situs = site
A441
SOCK
SODA
shoe worn by
comic actors on
the Greek and
A447 Roman stage
sodium carbonate
A447
(theol.) one who

holds that faith
alone is sufficient
A448 for justification
SOLVE
explain, clear up;
A449 clear off (a debt)
SOPORIFEROUS
producing sleep
SOLIFIDIAN
soccus Gr. skkhos, sukkhs
perh. back-formation f. sodnum = glasswort,

based on Arab. = headache
f. sli-, comb. form of slus = sole + fides =
faith
solvere = unfasten, free, pay, for seluere, f. se
= se- + luere = pay
f. soprifer, f. sopor, -r- = sleep
A450
Indian millet
SORGHUM
L. It. sorgo, perh. Rom. syricum
A450
SORITES
SOT
(logic) chain
srts Gr. srts, f. srs = heap
syllogism, in
which the
conclusion is
formed of the first
subject and the
A450 last predicate
habitual drunkard sottus
A450
SPARTAN
adj.
Spartnus, f. Sparta (Gr. Spart)
A452
SPATULA
flat elongated
implement
outward form;
A452 kind
(anat.) muscular
ring normally
A453 closing an orifice
(Gr. myth.) hybrid
monster which
propounded a
var. of spathula, dim. of spatha = spathe
A452
SPECIES
SPHINCTER
SPHINX
specis, f. spec- of specere = look, behold

L. Gr. sphigktr = band, contractile muscle,
f. sphggein = bind tight
L. Gr. Sphgx, f. sphggein = bind tight
riddle; figure of
creature having a
human head and
breast with a
lions body;
inscrutable being
A453
SPIGNEL
SPIKE
SPINAL
(aromatic root of)

Meum
A453 athamanticum
inflorescence of
sessile flowers on
a long axis;
A453 lavender
pert. to the spine
spigurnella
spca, -us, -um
spnlis
A453
SPURIOUS
illegitimate
f. spurius = illegitimate, false
repulsively foul
squlidus, f. squlre = be dry, rough, dirty
A456
SQUALID
A456
STADIUM
STATE
ancient Greek and

Roman measure
A457 of length
commonwealth;
body politic,
territory
A459 belonging thereto

stellris, f. stella =star
STELLAR
A461
STERNUTATION
A462
(act of) sneezing

(arch.) mark
branded
STIGMA
A462
STOIC
L. Gr. stdion, earlier spdion = racecourse,

f. span = draw
pert. to the school

of philosophers
founded by Zeno;
A463 sb.
sterntti, -n-, f. sterntre, frequent. of

sternuere = sneeze
L. Gr. stgma, -mat- = mark made by a
pointed instrument, brand, f. stig-, as in
stzein = prick
sticus Gr. stiks, f. sto = the Porch in
which Zeno taught at Athens
stolidus, poss. rel. to stultus = foolish
STOLID
A464 , B496
leather band
STRAP
var. of struppus, stroppus
A465
STRENUOUS
vigorous; ardently f. strnuus = brisk, active, valiant

energetic
(arch.) fillet
stria = furrow, grooving
between flutes of
A466 columns, etc.
tight, close;
strictus, pp. of stringere = draw tight
restricted in
space, narrow;
(techn.) straight
A466
STRIA
STRICT
and stiff; in
various nonphysical senses
close, intricate;
rigorous, exact
A466
STRIGIL
A466
STRUMA
instrument for
scraping the skin
(path.) scrofula
strigilis, f. strig-, base of stringere = touch

lightly
strma = scrofulous tumour
A467
strmsus, f. strma = scrofulous tumour
STRUMOUS
A467
STYGIAN
SUBALTERN
pert. to the river

Styx (river of
A468 Hell); infernal
of inferior status
A469
SUBJUNCTIVE
A469 , B240
SUBLIMATE
A469
SUBLUNARY
SUBORN
SUBSCRIBE
(gram.)
rise to a high
state
existing or
situated beneath
A469 the moon
procure by
underhand or
A469 unlawful means
intr. write to
f. Stygius Gr. Stgios, f. Stx, Stug-, rel. to

stugein = hate
subalternus, f. sub- + alternus, f. alter = one
or other of two
subjunctvus, f. pp. stem of subiungere =
subjoin
f. pp. stem of sublmre, f. sublmis, -us, f.
sub- + lmen, lmin- = threshold
f. sublnris, f. sub- + lna = moon
subornre, f. sub- + ornre = equip
A469
SUBSIST
A469
SUBSTITUTE
A470
SUBSUME
A470
SUBTEND
A470
SUBTRACT
A470
SUCCINT
A470
SUCCUBUS
A470
exist as substance
or entity
appoint as
deputy or
delegate; put one
in place of
another
bring under,
subjoin; state a
minor premiss
(geom.) extend
under, be opposite
to
withdraw;
deduct
adj. brief and
concise
demon in female
form having
intercourse with
men
subsistere = stand still or firm, f. sub- +

sistere = stand
f. pp. stem of substituere, f. sub- + statuere =
set up, establish, decree
subsmere, f. sub- + smere = take

subtendere, f. sub- + tendere = stretch, extend,
aim at
f. substract-, pp. stem of subtrahere, f. sub- +
trahere = draw
succintus, pp. of succingere, f. sub- + cingere
= gird
succubus, m. form with fem. meaning; corr. to
succuba, f. sub- + cub- = lie down
SUFFOCATE
A471
vote
SUFFRAGE
f. pp. stem of suffocre, f. suf- = sub- + faucs

= throat
suffrgium, partly through F. suffrage
A471
SUFFUSE
overspread as
with fluid, colour,
A471 etc.
SUGGEST
A471
SUMMUM BONUM
A472
SUMPTUARY
A472
pert. to
expenditure
SUPERCILIOUS
A473
performance of
good works
beyond what is
A473 required
surface
SUPEREROGATION
SUPERFICIES
suffs-, pp. stem of suffundere, f. suf- = sub- +

fundere = pour
f. suggest-, pp. stem of suggerere, f. sug- =
sub- + gerere = bear, carry, bring
i.e. summum n. sg. of summus = highest,
bonum n. sg. of bonus = good
sumpturius, f. sumptus = expenditure,
expense, f. smere, sumpt- = consume, spend
supercilisus, f. supercilium = eyebrow, f.
super- + cilium = eyelid
supererogti, -n-, f. supererogre, f. super+ ergre = pay out, f. e- + rogre = ask
f. super- + facis = face
A473
SUPERFINE
over-refined
superfnus, f. super- + fnus = fine
A473
SUPERNACULUM
A473
(drink) to the last

drop
tr. G. auf den nagel (trinken) = on to the nail
SUPERNATURAL
A473
SUPERSUBSTANTI AL
superntrlis, f. super- + ntra = nature

spiritual;
transcending all
substance
supersubstantilis, tr. Gr. epiosions (from the

Bible)
survey
f. supervs-, pp. stem of supervidre, f. super+ vidre = see

f. suppress-, pp. stem of supprimere, f. sub- +
premere = press
f. pp. stem of supprre, f. sub- + ps = pus
A473
SUPERVISE
A473
SUPPRESS
subdue (feelings,
etc.); keep secret
cause to form
A474 pus
(poet.) loftiest,
topmost; higest in
authority of rank;
of the highest
A474 quality or degree
(math.) irrational
A474
SUPPURATE
SUPREME
SURD
suprmus, f. supr
surdus = deaf, mute, silent, dull, indistict
A474
SYBARITE
A477
black mulberry
SYCAMINE
A477
ulcer or eruption
SYCOSIS
A478
Sybarta Gr. Subarts, f. Sbaris, ancient

Greek city of S. Italy, noted for its effeminacy
and luxury
scamnus Gr. skmnon, f. Heb. =
sycamore
scsis Gr. sksis, f. sukon
SYLLEPSIS
A478
SYLVAN , SILVAN
A478 , B459
SYMBOL
A478
SYMPATHY
A478
SYMPTOM
A478
SYNAERESIS
A478
SYNCOPATION
A478
SYNCOPE
A478
SYNONYM
A479
SYSTOLE
A479
resembling a fig.
(gram.) figure by
which one word
or form is made
to refer to two or
more in the same
sentence while
strictly applying
to only one
sb. inhabitant of
the woods; adj.
pert. to a wood or
woods, wooded
something that
represents
something else
affinity;
aggrement;
conformity, of
feelings or
temperament
syllpsis Gr. sllpsis, f. syl- + lepsis =

taking, f. lb- lb- lab-, base of lambnein =
take
silvnus, syl-, f. silva = wood

watchword, f. sym- + bol-, as in bol, blos =
a throw
sympatha Gr. sumptheia, f. sumpaths =
having a fellow-feeling, f. sym- + path-, base
of pthos = feeling, pathos
symptma Gr. smptma = chance, accident,

mischance, f. sumpptein = fall upon, happen
to f. sym- + pptein = fall
contraction of two synresis Gr. sunaresis, f. syn- + hairein =
vowels
take
(gram.)
syncopti, -n-, f. syncopre, f. syncop
contraction of a
Gr. sugkhop, f. syn- + kop- = strike, cut off
word by elision of
one or more
syllables; (mus.)
beginning a note
on a normally
unaccented part
of the bar and
continuing it into
the normally
accented part
(path.) failure of
syncop Gr. sugkhop, f. syn- + kop- =
the hearts action; strike, cut off
grammatical
syncopation
synnymum Gr. sunnumon, sb. use of n. sg.
of sunnumos, f. syn- + numa = name
(physiol.) regular systol Gr. sustol, f. sy- + stol- stel- =
contraction of the place, after sustllein = contract
heart and arteries
T
TAENIA , TENIA
band, fillet
L. Gr. tain
A480
TALES
TAMARIND
TANGENT
writ for
summoning
jurors; list of
persons so
A481 summoned
fruit of the tree
Tamarindus
A481 indica
(geom.) adj.
touching at a
A482 point; sb.
TANTALIZE
A482
TARANTULA
A482
TARRAGON
A483
TAUTOLOGY
A484
TEMERARIOUS
A485
TEMPORAL
A486
TENACIOUS
tls, pl. of tlis, such in phr. tales de

circumstantibus = such persons from those
standing about
tamarindus Arab. tamr hid = date of India
tangns, -ent-, prp.of tangere = touch
f. Tantalus, name of a mythical king of

Phrygia condemned to stand in Tartarus up to
his chin in water which receded as he stooped
to drink
large wolf-spider L. It. Tarantola, f. Taranto, where it is
of S. Europe
commonly found
repr. tragonia and tarchon (Gr. tarkhn
Arab. drkn)
tautologia Gr. tautolog, f. tautolgos =
repeating what has been said, f. taut = the
same + lgos = saying
unreasonably bold f. temerrius = fortuitous, rash, f. temere =
or venturous
blindly, rashly
pert. to the
temporlis, f. tempus, tempor- = temple
temples
tenx, tenc-, f. tenre = hold
A486
thinness,
meagreness
TERGIVERSATION desertion of a
cause;
contradictory
A487 behaviour
TERRESTRIAL
pert. to the earth
TENUITY
tenuits, f. tenuis = thin
A486
tergiversati, -n-, f. tergiversr, f. tergum =

back + vers-, pp. stem of vertere = turn
f. terrestris, f. terra = earth
A487
spasm and
rigidity of the
A488 muscles
THEOREM
general
proposition
demonstrable by
A489 , B526 argument
THEORY
mental
conception,
scheme of
A489 thought
THERIAC
(arch.) antidote
TETANUS
L. Gr. ttanos, f. base of tenein = stretch

therma Gr. therma = speculation,
theory, proposition to be proved, f. therein =
look at, f. thers = spectator
theria Gr. ther = comntemplation,
speculation, sight, f. thers = spectator, f.
thea-, base of theasthai = look upon,
contemplate
thriaca, -c Gr. thriak, sb. use of fem. of
adj. f. thron = wild beast, venomous animal,
A490
THESIS , PL .
THESES
proposition,
theme
dim. of thr = wild beast

thesis Gr. thsis = placing, setting, f. the- ,
A490
magic of the
Egyptian
A490 Platonists
THOMIST
follower of
Thomas Aquinas,
scholastic
philosopher and
A491 theologian
THORAX
(anat.) part of the
body between the
neck and the
A491 abdomen
THRASONICAL
given to boasting
THEURGY
thergia Gr. theourg, f. thes = god +

-ergos = working
Thmista, f. Thms
thrx, Gr. thrx, -k- = breastplate, breast,

chest
f. thras, -n- Gr. Thrsn, name of the

braggart soldier in Terences Eunuchus, f.
A491
thrass = bold, resolute
TIARA
conical cap of
tira Gr. tira, tiras, partly through It.
A493 ancient Persians
tiara
TINCTURE
imparted quality, tinctra = dyeing, f. tinct-, pp. stem of tingere
tinge; (alch.)
= dye, tinge
supposed spiritual
A494 principle
TINTINNABULUM
small tinkling bell f. tintinnre, redupl. f. tinnre = ring, tinkle
A495
stagger, totter
TITUBATE
f. pp. stem of titubre
A496
rel. to tegere = cover
TOGA
A496
TOPHUS
TORPEDO
soft porous stone, tphus

esp. deposited by
A498 calcareous springs
(zool.) electric ray torpd, f. torpre = be stiff or numb
A498
TORUS , PL. TORI
A499
TRACHEA
TRACT
(archit.) large
convex moulding
(anat.) tube
extending from
the larynx to the
A500 bronchi
act of drawing or
something drawn
in various uses
identical with
those of trace and
tract, now chiefly
stretch or extend
A500 of territory
torus = swelling, round moulding

trcha, trcha Gr. trkheia, fem. of
trkhs = rough
tractus, f. pp. stem of trahere = draw
tractbilis, f. tractre = treat
TRACTABLE
A500
TRADITION
A500 , B116
TRADUCE
delivery,
transmission
transport;
translate;
transmit;
propagate; speak
A500 evil of
do business,
treat
trditi, -n-, f. trdere = hand over, deliver,

f. trans- + dre = give
trdcere, f. trns- = trans- + dcere = lead
TRANSACT
f. transact-, pp. stem of transigere = drive

through, accomplish, f. trans- + agere = drive,
do
transcrbere, f. trans- + scrbere = write
A501
TRANSCEND
A501 , B436
TRANSCRIBE
A501
TRANSEPT
A501
TRANSFER
A501
TRANSFIX
A501
TRANSGRESS
A501
TRANSIRE
A501
TRANSLUCENT
A501
go beyond,
climb over
make a copy of
transverse part of
a cruciform
church, either arm
of this
make over by
legal process
impale upon a
sharp point
go beyond the
bounds prescribed
by law, etc.
warrant
permitting the
passage of
merchandise
shining through
that is beyond the

sea
TRANSMIGRATION passage of the
soul at death into
another body,
A501 metempsychosis
TRANSPIRE
emit as vapour
A502 , B482
TRANSUBSTANTI change of
ATION
substance spec. of
the Eucharistic
A502 bread and wine
TRAPEZIUM
(geom.) irregular
quadrilateral
TRANSMARINE
A501
A502
TRIBRACH
A504
(pros.) foot of 3
short syllables
transeptum = cross division

f. transfix-, pp.stem of transfigere, f. trans- +
figere = fix, fasten
transgress-, pp. stem of transgred, f. trans- +
grad = step
transre = pass over, f. trans- + re = go
translcns, -ent-, prp. of trans- + lcere =

shine
transmarnus, f. trans- + marnus = marine
trans- + migrre, prob. based on mei-, change
transpirre, f. trans- + spirre = breathe
tran(s)substantiti, -n-, f.
tran(s)substantire
L. Gr. trapzion, f. trpeza = table, for tetrapeza, f. tetra = four; or trapezoids Gr.
trapezoeids
tribrachys Gr. trbrakhus, f. tri- + brakhs =
short
transf. and fig.
TRIBUTE
A504
TRICEPS
A504
TRIDENT
A504
TRIDENTINE
A504
TRIGLYPH
A504
TRIMETER
A505
TRIPOS
having three
heads (of a
muscle) or points
of origin
three-pronged
instrument
pert. to the city of
Trent (Trento) in
N. Italy and the
Council of the
Roman Catholic
Church held there
1545-63
(archit.) in the
Doric order, block
with three vertical
grooves
(pros.) verse of
three measures
tripod
tribtum, sb. use of n. of trbtus, pp. of

tribuere = assign, allot, grant, prop. to divide
among the tribes, f. tribus = tribe
triceps, f. tri- + -ceps, adj. comb. form corr. to
caput = head
tridns, -dent-, f. tri- + dns = tooth
Tridentnus, f. Tridentum = Trent
triglyphus Gr. trgluphos, f. tri- + gluph =

carving
trimetrus Gr. trmetros, f. tri- + mtron =
measure
trips = tripod
A505
TRITE
worn out by use
trtus, pp. of terere = rub
(Gr. and Rom.

myth.) sea-god,
son of Poseidon
and Amphitrite
(Rom. hist.) one
of a board of
three magistrates
such as may be
met with
anywhere
(pros.) foot
consisting of a
long followed by
a short syllable
small Egyptian
bird said to have
picked crocodiles
teeth
cave-dweller
Trtn Gr. Trtn
A505
TRITON
A505
TRIUMVIR
A505
TRIVIAL
A506
TROCHEE
A506
TROCHILUS
A506
TROGLODYTE
A506
TROPE
(rhet.) use of a
word or phrase in
a sense not proper
to it, figure of
sg. deduced from pl. triumvir, backformation from trium virrum, g. pl. of trs
vir = three men
trochus Gr. trokhaios = running, tripping,
f. trkhos = running, course, rel. to trkhein =
run
L. Gr. trokhlos, f. var. stem of trkhein =
run
trglodyta Gr. trglodts, corrupt form of
trgodts, after trgl = hole
tropus = figure of speech Gr. trpos = turn,
rel. to trpein = turn
A506
TROPIC
speech
each of the two
circles of the
celestial sphere
touching of the
ecliptic at the
A506 solstitial points
tropicus Gr. tropiks = pert. to the turning of

the sun at the solstice, fig. f. trop = turning,
putting to flight, defeat, rel. to trpein = turn
truculentus, f. trux, truc- = fierce, savage
TRUCULENT
A507
TUMID
swollen
tumidus, f. tumre = swell
disorderly, unruly
turbulentus, f. turbre = disturb, agitate, f.

turba = disturbance, crowd
turnep(e), the first el. is unexpl.; the second is
neep OE. np L. npus = turnip
tr. bifolium, f. tway, clipped form of twain +
blade
A508
TURBULENT
A509
TURNIP
A509
TWAYBLADE
TYMPAN
TYRIAN
ordchid of the
genus Listera,
etc., having two
A510 broad leaves
(typogr.) in a
printing press,
frame for
equalizing
A511 pressure
pert. to Tyre,
ancient
Phoenician city
on the
Mediterranean,
spec. of a purple
or crimson dye
obtained from
A511 molluscs
OE. timpana L. tympanum = tympanum
f. Tyrius, f. Tyrus = Tyre
U
(anat.) larger inner
bone of the
A512 forearm
ULTRAMARINE
applied to a blue
pigment obtained
orig. from lapis
A512 lazuli
ULTRAMONTANE
(one) representing
the R.C.Ch.
beyond (i.e. north
of) the Alps and so
not favouring
extreme views of
A512 papal authority
UMBEL
(bot.)
ULNA
ulna = forearm, ell

ultramarnus, f. ultra- + marnus, f. mare =
sea
ultrmontnus, f. ultra- + montnus
umbella = sunshade, dim. of umbra =
inflorescence in
which the flowers
are borne upon
nearly equal
pedicels springing
from a common
A513 , B556 centre
UMBILICAL
pert. to the navel
A513
phantom, ghost
UMBRA
shadow
umbilclis, f. umbilcus, f. base of umb =

boss of shield
umbra = shadow, shade, phantom
A513
lubrication,
ointment
UNDERWRITE
subscribe (a
A514 document)
UNIT
(math.) indivisible
whole regarded as
A515 the base of number
URBANE
urban
A517 , B559
URGE
demand or entreat
insistently; press
A517 or drive forward
URN
vessel for holding
voting-tablets or
A517 the like
URSINE
pert. to or like a
A517 bear
UXORIOUS
excessively
devoted to ones
A518 wife
UNCTION
A514

anoint
= write
nus = one, prob. after digit
urbnus, -na, f. urbs, urb- = city
urgre = press, drive, compel
ursnus, f. ursus = bear
uxrius, f. uxor = wife
V
VACILLATE
swing or sway
unsteadily
roaming, ramble;
wandering in
speech; frolic,
A519 prank
farewell
f. pp. stem of vacillre = sway, totter
A519
VAGARY
VALE
A519
VALETUDINARY
VANDAL
not in robust
health, constantly
concerned with
A519 ones ailments
member of a Gmc.
tribe which
invaded Western
Europe in the
fourth and fifth
vagr = wander
val, imper. of valre = be strong or well

valtdinrius = in ill health, f. valtd,
-din- = state of health, f. valre = be strong or
well
Vandalus Gmc. Wandal-, -il-, -ul-
century and in 455

sacked Rome
variable,
A521 changeable
A520
VARIOUS
VAST
A523
investigate freely;
sift by discussion
VENTILATE
A523
VENTRILOQUY
A523
VENUS
A523
VERBENA
VERNAL
beautiful woman;
(her.) green
(Rom. antiq., usu.
pl. verbenae)
certain leaves or
twigs used in
sacred rites;
A523 vervain
pert. to the spring
A524
(math.) in v. sine
VERSED
A524
VERTEX
A524
(geom.) point
opposite the base
VERTIGO
A524
VETERAN
A525 , B568
VIATICUM
experienced
soldier
Holy Communion
as administered to
the dying;
necessaries for a
A525 journey
VIBRANT
agitated,
A525 energetic
VICISSITUDE
mutation,
A526 , B569 mutability
VIDE
see, refer to
f. varius
vastus = waste, uncultivated, immense, pp.
formation on a base ws-, repr. also by vnus
= vain
ventus = wind
f. venter, ventr- = belly + loqu = speak
L.
vernlis, f. vernus = of the spring, f. vr =

spring
tr. sinus versus, i.e. sinus = sine, versus =
turned, pp. of vertere = turn
vertex, vertic- = whirl, vortex, crown of the
head, highest point, f. vertere = turn
vertg, -ginveternus, f. vetus, veter- = old
viticum = travelling money, provisions for a
journey, sb. use of n. of viticus, f. via = via
prp. of vibrre = move rapidly to and fro,

shake, be agitated
vicissitd, f. vicissim = by turns, f. vic- =
turn
vid, imper. sg. of vidre = see
A526
VINCIBLE
A527
VINDICATE
that may be
overcome
set free
green
f. pp. stem of vindicre = claim, set free,

punish, avenge, f. vindex, -dic- = claimant,
protector, deliverer, avenger
viridis, f. virre = be green
venom
vrus, rel. to OIr., Gr., Skr.
A527
VIRID
vincibilis, f. vincere = overcome
A527
VIRUS
A528
VITIATE
render faulty or
corrupt
blame in strong
A528 language
enclosed place for
keeping live
A528 animals, esp. fish
= videlicet
f. pp. stem of vitire, f. vitium = vice
A528
VITUPERATE
VIVARIUM
VIZ.
A528
VOTARY
VOTE
one bound by vow

to a religious life
or devoted to a
A529 pursuit, etc.
sb.
A530
VULGAR
VULVA
ordinary, common,
commonplace;
(chiefly pl.)
common or vulgar
A530 person
(anat.) external
genitals of the
A530 female
f. pp. stem of vituperre, f. vitu- for viti-,

stem of vitium = vice
L. = warren, fishpond, sb. use of vvrius, f.
vvus = alive
repr. vi, in which is the normal symbol for
the termination -et
f. vt-, pp. stem of vovre = vow
vtum = vow, wish, sb. use of n. pp. of

vovre = desire, vow
people
vulva, volva = womb, matrix
W
--X
--Y
--Z
zibethum
ZIBET
A551
9. The Seventeenth Century

A
f. pp. stem of abnegre, f. ab- + negre = say
no, deny
abrdere, f. ab- + rdere = scrape
ABNEGATE
A2
ABRADE
A2
steep
ABRUPT
A2
ABSTEMIOUS
A2
ACANTHUS
abruptus, pp. of abrumpere, f. ab- + rumpere

= break
f. abstmius, f. abs- + base of tmtum =
intoxicating drink
L. Gr. kanthos, f. kantha = thorn
A3
acclmre, f. ac- + clmre = call
ACCLAIM
A3
ascending slope
ACCLIVITY
acclvits, f. acclvis, f. ac- + clvus = slope,

accrscere, f. ac- + crscere = grow
A3
ACCRETION
A3
ACCURATE
accrti, -n-, f. accrt-, pp. stem of

accrscere, f. ac- + crscere = grow
accrtus, f. accrre, f. ac- + cra = care
A3
ACQUIESCE
remain quiet;
submit; agree
A4 tacitly
acquiscere, f. ac- + quiscere = rest
section of a drama
ACT
ctus = doing, f. ct-, pp. stem of agere = do
A4
adeptus, f. adept-, pp. stem of adipsc =

attain, acquire, f. apere = fasten
adqutus, pp. of adqure = equalize, f.
quus = equal
aditns, -ant-, prp. of aditre, frequent. of
adivre = help
phr. i.e. ad = according to, libitum = pleasure
ADEPT
A5
ADEQUATE
A5
ADJUTANT
A5
AD LIBITUM
A5
ADMIXTURE
A6
sb.
ADULT
f. admixt-, pp. stem of admiscre, f. ad- +

miscre = mix
adultus, pp. of adolscere = grow up
A6
overshadow
ADUMBRATE
A6
ADVENTITIOUS
A6
AEON, EON
A7
AERIAL
A7
AFFECT
A7 , B150
AFFIDAVIT
A7
AGGLOMERATE
coming from
without,
accidental, casual
an age of the
universe
pert. to or
resembling air or
the atmosphere
display or assume
openly; assume or
pretend falsely,
attack, influence,
move
statement
confirmed by oath
gather into a mass
A8
incense, provoke
AGGRAVATE
A8
AGRARIAN
f. pp. stem of adumbrre, f. ad- + umbra =

shade, shadow
f. adventitius, medL. sp. of adventcius, f.
advent-, pp. stem of advenre = arrive, f. ad+ venre = come
L. on Gr. ain = age
f. erius, f. Gr. rios, f. r, er- = air
3rd pers. sing. pt. of affdre = declare on

oath, f. af- + fdre, f. fdus = trusty
f. pp. stem of agglomerre, f. ag- + glomus =
ball, mass
f. pp. stem of aggravre, f. ag- + gravis =
heavy
f. agrarius, f. ager, agr- = land
A8
ALBATROSS
A10
ALBUM
ALEATORY
ALGID
blank book for the

insertion of
A10 collected items
depending on
A10 chance
cold, chill
usu. taken to be alt., by assoc. with albus =

white, of alcatras = pelican
album (white tablet on which records were
inscribed, list)
letrius, f. letor = gambler, f. lea =
game of chance
algidus, f. algre = be cold
A10
another name
ALIAS
A10
ALIMONY
A11
alis = at another time, otherwise, f. alius =

other
alimnia, f. alere = nourish
ALKALI
any substance
having the
A11 properties of soda
allitterti, -n-, f. al- + littera = letter
ALLITERATION
A11
ALLOCATE
A11
f. pp. stem of allocre, f. al- + locre = place

address,
exhortation
ALLOCUTION

fry
allocti, -n-, f. alloct-, pp. stem of

alloqu = address, f. al- + loqu = speak
A11
ALLODIUM
ALLUVIUM
estate held in
absolute
A11 ownership
deposit left by
water flowing over
A12 land
al(l)dium, f. Frankish ald = entire property

n. of alluvius = washed against, f. al- + luvof luerre = wash
f. alere = nourish, bring up
ALUMNUS
A12
manunsis, f. man in servus man =

slave at hand, secretary
ambultrius, f. pp. stem of ambulre = walk
AMANUENSIS
A13
AMBULATORY
A13
variety of asbestos
AMIANTHUS
A14
(anat.) caul.
AMNION
amiantus Gr. amanthos, f. a- + mianein =

defile
L. Gr. amnon, dim. of amns = lamb
A14
amphibium Gr. amphbion
AMPHIBIAN
A14
AMPUTATE
A14
literary gleanings
ANALECTS
A15
ANCILLARY
A15
ANDROGYNOUS
A16
ANECDOTE
hermaphrodite;
spec. in bot.
(pl.) secret
A16 history
ANGLICAN
f. pp. stem of amputre, f. am- for amb- +

putre = prune, lop
analecta Gr. anlekta = things gathered up,
f. an = up, ana- + lgein = gather
ancillris, f. ancilla = hand-maid
f. androgynus Gr. andrgunos
anecdota Gr. ankdota = things
unpublished
Anglicnus, f. Anglicus, f. Anglus = Angle
A16
ANGLICISM
A16
English feature or
idiom
ANGLO -SAXON
f. Anglicus, f. Anglus = Angle

Anglo-Saxones pl., earlier Angli Saxones
A16
ANILE
pass criticism on
anlis, f. anus = old woman
pass criticism on
animadvertere, i.e. animum advertere = turn

the mind to
animalculum, dim. of animal
A16
ANIMADVERT
A16
ANIMALCULE
A17
microscopic
animal
anmalus Gr. anmalos = uneven
ANOMALOUS
A17
ANONYMOUS
A17
ANTEDILUVIAN
A18
ANTENNA
A18
before the Flood

horn or feeler of
insects
ANTERIOR
A18 , B14
ANXIOUS
A18
anonymus Gr. annumos, f. an- + noma =

name
ante- + dluvium= deluge
antenna, prop. antemna = sail-yard, used in
pl. to tr. Aristotles keraioi = horns of insects
anterior, f. antef. anxius, f. pp. stem anx- of angere = choke,
oppress
f. aperins, -ent-, prp. of aperre = open
APERIENT
A19
apex, apic-
APEX
A19
apirium, f. apis = bee
APIARY
A19
APODOSIS
A19
APOTHEOSIS
A19
APPARATUS
A20
APPLICABLE
A20
APPOSITE
A20
APPRECIATE
A20
AQUEOUS
(gram.) consequent L. Gr. apdosis = a giving back

clause answering
to the protasis
deification
L. apotheis Gr. apothsis, f. apotheoun
= deify, f. thes = god
appartus, f. apparre = make ready, f. ap- +
parre = prepare
capable of being
applicre, f. ap- + plicre = fold
applied
appositus, pp. of appnere = apply, f. ap- +
pnere = place
estimate duly;
f. pp. stem of appretire = set price on, f. apesteem highly
+ pretium = price
f. aqua = water
A21
eagle-like, hooked
AQUILINE
aquilnus, f. aquila = eagle
A21
f. arboreus, f. arbor = tree
ARBOREAL
A21
ARCHAEOLOGY
A21
ARCHETYPE
A21
ARCHIMANDRITE
A21
AREA
superior of a
monastery
enclosed court
archologia Gr. akrhaiolog, f. arkhaios

= ancient
archetypum Gr. arkhtupon, sb. use of n. of
adj. first moulded as a model, f. arkhe- +
tpos = model
archimandrta ecclGr. arkhimandrts, f.
archi- + mndr = monastery
rea = vacant piece of ground
A22
ARID
arna, prop. harna = sand, centre of an

amphitheatre
ridus, f. rre = be dry or parched
A22 , B18
ARMAMENT
armmentum, f. armre
ARENA
A22
A22
ascticus, f. Gr. asktiks, f. askts = monk,

hermit, f. askein = exercise
asinnus, f. asinus = ass
ASCETIC
A24
ASININE
A24
calumniate
ASPERSE
A24
ASSERT
A25
ASTERISK
A25
ASTRAL
f. aspers-, pp. stem of aspergere, f. ad- +

spargere = sprinkle
f. assert-, pp. stem of asserere, f. as- +
serere = join
asteriscus Gr. asterskos, dim. of astr =
star
astrlis, f. astrum Gr. stron = star
A26
asttus, f. astus = craft, cunning
ASTUTE
A26 , B22
ASYMPTOTE
(geom.) line which

approaches nearer
and nearer to a
curve without
A26 meeting it
ATMOSPHERE
A27
ATRABILIOUS
melancholy, illtempered
central court of
A27 Roman house
asymptta Gr. asmpttos, sb. use of adj.

not falling together
atmosphra, f. Gr. atms = vapour +

sphaira = sphere
f. tra blis = black bile
A27
ATRIUM
ATROCIOUS
A27
ATROPHY
A27
AUGUST
wasting away of
the body
of stately dignity
trium
f. atrx, atrc- = terrible, fierce, f. ter =
black + oc- stem of oculus = eye
atrophia Gr. atroph, f. trophos = illnourished, f. a- + trphein = nourish
augustus, f. base of augre = increase
A28 , B23
external ear, lobeshaped process

AUSCULTATION
listening (spec.
A28 med.)
auricula, dim. of auris = ear
AUTOMATON
automaton, -um Gr. autmaton, f. auts =

auto
auxilirius, f. auxilium = help
AURICLE
A28
A28
AUXILIARY
auscultti, -n-, f. auscultre = listen to
A29
AVOCATION
AVULSION
distraction from
an occupation; task
to which one is
called away, minor
A29 occupation
forcible separation
A29 or removal
vocti, -n-, f. vocre, f. -, ab- + vocre

= call
vulsi, -n-, f. vuls- pp. stem of vellere, f.

- ab- + vellere = pluck
B
BASALT
basalts, var. of basants Gr. basants, f.
A34
BENEFACTION
BIBULOUS
BICEPS
doing good; gift for

a charitable
A38 purpose
given to much
A40 drinking
muscle with double
head or attachment
bsanos = touchstone
benefacti, -n-, f. beneficere, benefact-, f.
bene = well + facere = do
bibulus, f. bibere = drink
biceps = two headed, f. bi- = -ceps, rel. to
caput = head
A40
BIENNIAL
BIFID
lasting two years;

recuring every two
A40 years
cleft in two
f. biennis = of two years, biennium = space

of two years
bifidus, f. bi- + fid- base of findere = cleave
A40
f. bifurcre, f. bifurcus = two forked, f. bi- +

furca = fork
bips, biped-, f. bi- + ps = foot
BIFURCATE
A40
BIPED
A41
BIREME
A41
having two banks

of oars
birmis, f. bi- + rmus = oar

bi- + sect-, pp. stem of secre = cut
BISECT
A41
bisemutum, latinization of G. wismut
BISMUTH
A41
blandus
BLAND
A42
BOLUS
large pill
blus Gr. bolos = clod, lump of earth
branches of the
bronchi
root of onion, etc.
L. Gr. n. pl. brgkhia, f. brkhos =

windpipe
fine textile fabric
L. Gr. bssos, of Sem. orig.
immoderate
laughter
cardoon
cachinnti, -n-, f. cachinnre, of imit.

orig.
L. Gr. kaktos = cardoon or Spanish
artichoke
Csarinus or f. Csareus
A45
BRONCHIA
A51
BULB
A53
BYSSUS
A56
C
CACHINNATION
A57
CACTUS
A57
CAESAREAN , -IAN
pert. to the delivery

of a child by
cutting through the
walls of the
abdomen, as was
done, accorrding to
legend, at the birth
of Julius Caesar
A58
CALCAREIOUS
of the nature of
f. calcrius, f. calc-, calx = lime(stone)
A58
lime
stone in an animal
body; gen.
(system of)
A58 calculation
CALCULUS
CALEDONIAN
A58
mercurous chloride
CALOMEL
A59
CALYX
A59
CAMPANULA
outer envelope of a
flower
genus of pants with
bell-shaped flowers
calculus = pebble, etc.
f. Caldonia, Roman name of part of

northern Britain, now assoc. with the
Scottish Highlands or Scotland in general
calomel(es) Gr. kals = beautiful + mlas
= black
L. Gr. klux = shell, pod, f. base of
kalptein = hide
dim. of campna = bell
A60
CANCER
malignant tumour
cancer = creeping ulcer Gr. karknoma =

carcinoma
candidtus = clothed in white, candidate for
office (who appeared in a white toga), f.
candidus
cannus, na, f. canis = dog, hound
basket
canistrum = basket for bread, fruit etc. Gr.

knastron = wicker basket, f. knna = cane
canrus, f. canor = song, f. canere = sing
A60
CANDIDATE
A60 , B66
CANINE
A60
CANISTER
A60
melodious
CANOROUS
A61
(sl.) use the

particular jargon of
a class or set, affect
religious or
pietistic
A61 phraseology
CANT
cantre = sing
f. capx, capc-, f. capere = take
CAPACIOUS
A61
of hair, hair-like
CAPILLARY
capillris, f. capillus = hair
A61
CAPITULAR
(eccl.) pert. to a
chapter
make terms of
A62 surrender
(arch.) cavilling
A62 objection
mark indicating
A63 omission
(med.) decay of
A63 bones, etc.
capitulris, f. capitulum = chapter
A62
CAPITULATE
CAPTION
CARET
CARIES
f. pp. of capitulre = draw up under distinct

heads, f. capitulum = head of a discourse
3rd sing. pres. ind. of carre = be without,
taken to mean is lacking
L. = rottenness, decay
f. carnivorus, f. car, carn- = flesh
CARNIVOROUS
A63
CAROLINE
pert. to Charles
Carolnus, f. Carolus = Charles
A63
CARTESIAN
Cartesinus, f. Cartesius, latinized form of
A64
of cheese
CASEOUS
the surname of Ren Descartes

caseus = cheese
A64
CASTELLATED
built like a castle,

as with battlements
f. castelltus, f. castellum = castle
correct by
punishment or
discipline
f. pp. stem of castgre = correct, reprove,

chastise, f. castus = pure
A65
CASTIGATE
A65
f. pp. stem of castrre, f. castrum = knife
CASTRATE
A65
dissolution
CATALYSIS
A65
dnouement of a
drama; disastrous
end; event
subversive of order
CATASTROPHE
L. Gr. katlusis, f. katalein = dissolve, f.

cata- + lein = loosen
catastropha Gr.katastroph = overturning,
sudden turn, f. katastrphein = overturn
A66
CATECHIZE
A66
CATECHU
CATHARTIC
CAUDAL
question
systematically
astringent
substance obtained
from various
A66 Eastern barks, etc.
cleansing,
A66 purgative
pert. to a tail
catchzre Gr. katkhzein, f. katkhein =

sound through, instruct orally, f. cata- +
khein = sound
catechu, defined as terra japonica
catharticus Gr. kathartiks, f. katharein =

cleanse, f. kathars = clean
caudlis, f. cauda = tail
A67
give way
CEDE
cdere = go (away), retire, yield
A67
clibtus, f. clebs, clib- = unmarried
CELIBACY
A68
CELT, KELT
a Gaul
Celt pl. Gr. Kelto
A68
CENSUS
CENTENARY
CENTO
registration of
citizens in ancient
A68 Rome
adj. of a hudred
A68 years; century
patchwork;
composition made
A68 up of scraps
hudredfold
CENTUPLE
A68 , B79
CENTURY
100 years
A68
of a deep blue
CERULEAN
A69
cnsus, rel. to cnsre = assess, judge

centnrius = containing a hundred, f.
centn = hudred each, f. centum = hundred
cent = patchwork garment, poem made up
of verses from other sources
centuplus, var. of centuplex, f. centum =
hundred
centuria = assemblage of 100 things,
division of the Roman army, f. centum =
hudred
cruleus = sky-blue, f. clolos, f. clum =
sky, heaven
CERVICAL
A69 , B80
CETACEOUS
A69
CHARACTER
cervclis, f. cervx, cervc- = neck

of the whale kind
ctacea, f. ctus Gr. ketos = whale
sum of mental and

moral qualities

chasma Gr. khsma = yawning hollow
A71
CHASM
A72
CHELA
(zool.) prehensile
claw
(mus.) concord,
A74 harmony
pert to a chorus
chl or Gr. khl
A72
CHIME
CHORAL
A75
band of singers
CHORUS
A75
CHRYSALIS
A76
girdle
CINCTURE
A77
CIRCUMVALLATI ON
cymbalum = cymbal
chorlis Gr. khors = dance, band of
dancers, choir
choir
chrsal(l)is Gr. khrsalls = gold-coloured
sheath of butterflies, f. khrss = gold
cinctra, f. cinct-, pp. stem of cingere = gird
(construction of) a
rampart or
entrenchment
round a place
circumvallti, -n-, f. circumvallre, f.

circum- = round + vallum = rampart
clearness
clrits, f. clrus = clear
division of persons
or things
classis each of the six ancient divisions of

the Roman people, body of citizens under
arms, spec. fleet
clvicula = key, dim. of clvis = key
A77
CLARITY
A78
CLASS
A78
collar-bone
CLAVICLE
A79
adj. clerical; sb.

clergyman
CLERIC
A79
customer
CLIENT
A79
CLINIC
CLUNIAC
adj. pert. to the

sick-bed; sb. bedA80 ridden person
per. to (a monk of)
the monastery of
A81 Cluny
COAGULATE
A81
COCCYX
A82
COCHLEA
A82
(anat.) terminal
bone of the spinal
column
spiral cavity of the
clricus Gr. klriks = belonging to the

Christian ministerial order, f. kleros = lot,
heritage
clins, client-, earlier cluns, sb. use of prp.
of cluere, clure = hear, listen
clnicus Gr. klniks, f. kln = bed
Cluaniacus, f. Clun(i)um = Cluny, France
f. pp. stem of cogulre, f. cogulum =
rennet, f. coagere = drive together
L. Gr. kkkux = cuckoo (the bone being
supposed to resemble a cuckoos bill)
coc(h)lea = snail-shell, screw Gr. kokhlas
internal ear
coefficiens, f. co- + efficiens, f. efficere
COEFFICIENT
A83
COELIAC
A83
pert. to the
abdomen
COERCE
A83
contemporary
COEVAL
cliacus Gr. koiliaks, f. koil = belly,

bowels, f. koilos = hollow
coercre = shut up, restrain, f. co- + arcre =
restrain, ward off
f. covus, f. co- + vum = age
A83
COGENT
A83
COGNATE
COITION
akin, descended
from a common
A83 ancestor
copulation
A84
COLLATE
appoint to a
benefice; compare
A84 critically
A84
COMA
COMA
coiti, -n-, f. coit-, pp. stem of core, f. co+ re = go

f. collt-, stem of the form used as pp. of
conferre = confer
colldere = clash together, f. col- + ldere =
hurt by striking
collimti, -n-, f. collimre, erron. reading
in some editions of Cicero for collnere =
aim, f. col- + lnea = line
L. Gr. koma, kmat-, rel. to kot = bed
COLLIDE
COLLIMATION
cgns, -ent-, prp. of cgere = drive

together, compel, f. co- + agere = drive
cogntus, f. co- + -gntus = born
adjustment of the
line of sight of a
A84 telescope
(med.) unnatural
deep and prolonged
A85 sleep
(bot.) tuft
coma Gr. km = hair of the head
A85
COMMINUTE
A86
reduce to small
particles
adj.
f. comminuere, commint-, f. com- +

minuere = lessen
commiserr, -re,-t-, f. com- + miserr =
lament, pity, f. miser = wretched
tr. L. locus commnis, tr. Gr. koinos tpos
exchange, change
for something else
commtre = change altogether, exchange, f.

com- + mtre = change
COMMISERATE
A86
engage, involve
COMMIT
A86
COMMONPLACE
A87
COMMUTE
A87
COMPAGES
compacted whole,
framework of
A87 conjoined parts
COMPENSATE
A88
COMPETE
A88
COMPLACENT
pleasing
compges, f. com- + pg- as in pangere =

fasten
f. pp. stem of compensre = weigh (one)
against another, counterbalance, f. com- +
pensre, frequent. of pendere = weight
competere = strive for (sth) together with
another, f. com- + petere = aim at, seek
complacns, -ent-, prp. of complacre, f.
A88
com- + placre = please

COMPLEX
complexus, pp. of complectere, complect =
encompass, embrace, comprise; sometimes
analysed as com- + plexus = woven
A88 , B379
COMPLICATE
intertwine; mix up f. pp. stem of complicre, f. com- + plicre =
A88 with
fold
COMPONENT
composing,
componns, -ent-, prp. of compnere =
A88 constituent
compound
COMPORT
behave oneself
comportre, f. com- + portre = carry, bear
A88
COMPUTE
A89 , B401
CONCEDE
A89 , B78
CONCILIAR
A90
CONCOCT
A90
CONCOMITANT
A90
CONCRETE
A90
CONDENSE
A90 , B120
CONDOLE
A90
CONDUCT
computre, f. com- + putre = clear or settle,

reckon, think
concdere = withdraw, yield
pert. to a council
compose, devise
concot-, pp. stem of concoquere = digest,

etc., f. con- + coquere = cook, f. coquus =
cook
prp. of concomitr = accompany, f. con- +
comitr, f. comes, comit- = companion
sb. concreted mass concrtus, pp. of concrscere = grow
reduce from vapour condensre, f. condensus = very dense
to liquid
express sympathy
condolre, f. con- + dolre = suffer pain,
with
grieve
manner of
condcere = bring together, f. con- + dcere
conducting oneself = lead
A90
CONFIGURATION
A91
CONFLATION
CONGENIAL
conformation,
outline
blowing or fusing
A91 together
of the same
disposition or
A92 temperament
CONGERIES
A92
CONGLOMERATE
A92
CONGRESS
(physiol.) of
complex glands
formal assembly of
delegates, etc.
A92
CONNATE
A92
CONNECT
conciliarius, f. concilium = council
existing from birth,

congenital
configrti, -n-, f. configrre = fashion

after a pattern
confti, -n- = fanning, fusion, f. conflre =
kindle, effect, fuse
f. con- + genius = attendant spirit,
inclination, appetite
congeris = heap, pile, f. congerere = heap
together, f. con- + gerere = carry
congressus, f. congress-, pp. stem of
congred = go together, meet, f. con- + grad
= step, walk
conntus, pp. of connasc, f. con- + nasc =
be born
connectere, f. con- + nectere = bind, fasten
A92
CONNOTE
A92
conntre = mark in addition, f. con- +

notre = note
CONNUBIAL
A92
make sacred
CONSECRATE
A93
succession
CONSECUTION
A93
CONSTITUENT
adj. jointly
constituing; sb.
who appoints a
A94 representative
CONSTRUCT
A94
sb.
CONTACT
A94
CONTEMPORARY
A94
CONTERMINOUS
having a boundary
in common
connbilis, f. connbium = marriage,

wedlock, f. con- + nbere = marry
consecrre, -t-, f. con- + sacrre =
dedicate, f. sacer, sacr- = sacred
consecti, -n-, f. consequ, consect- =
follow closely
constituns, -ent-, prp. of constituere =
establish, appoint, f. con- + statuere = set up
f. construct-, pp. stem of construere = pile
up, build, f. con- + struere = build
contctus, f. contct-, pp. stem of contingere
= touch closely, border on, be contiguous to,
f. con- + tangere = touch
contemporrius, f. con- + tempus, tempor- =
time, after contemporneus and
contemporlis
conterminus, f. con- + terminus = boundary
A94
CONTEST
A94
CONTIGUOUS
A95
CONTROVERT
A95
CONUNDRUM
A96
CONVERGE
contend for, dispute contestr = call to witness, introduce by

calling witnesses, set on foot, f. con- +
testr = bear witness
f. contiguus, f. contingere = be contiguous,
in connection or in contact, befall
contrversus = disputed, questionable, f.
contr + versus, pp. of vertere = turn
pun
quoniam or quin)
convergere, f. con- + vergere = bend, incline
A96
CONVINCE
bring to belief
convincere = convict of error, prove clearly,

f. con- + vincere = overcome
convivlis, f. convvium = feast, f. con- +
vvere = live
convuls-, pp. stem of convellere = pull
violently, wrench, f. con- + vellere = pluck,
pull
f. pp. stem of cooperar, f. co- + operr =
work, operate
cooptre, f. co- + optre = choose
of equal rank
f. co- + ordintus, pp. of ordinre = arrange,

ordain
cuprum, for cyprium (s) = (metal) of
Cyprus; so named from its most noted
ancient source
cpula = connection, linking of words, f. co+ apere = fasten
A96
CONVIVAL
A96
CONVULSE
A96
CO- OPERATE
A97
CO- OPT
A97
CO- ORDINATE
A97
COPPER
COPULA
vessel made of
metal of reddish
A97 colour
(gram.) part of a
proposition
A97
CORIACEOUS
connecting subject
and predicate
leathery
coriceus, f. corium = hide, leather
A97
little crown,
garland
COROLLARY
immediate
deduction or
A98 consequence
CORONA
circle or halo of
A98 light
CORPORATE
corporeal,
belonging to the
A98 body politic
CORPUSCLE
minute particle of
A98 matter
CORRUGATED
wrinkled
COROLLA
dim. of corna = crown
A98
A99
CORTICAL
corollrium = money paid for a garland,

present, gratuity, f. corolla, dim. of corna =
crown
corna = crown
corportus, pp. of corporre = fashion into
or with a body, collect, f. corpor- = body
corpusculum, dim. of corpus = body
f. pp. of corrgre, f. cor- + rgre, f. rga
= wrinkle
corticlis, f. cortex, cortic- = bark
A99
CORVINE
of the crow kind
corvnus, f. corvus = raven
grossly stupid
crassus = solid, thick, fat
mouth of a volcano
crtr = bowl, basin, aperture of a volcano

Gr. krtr = bowl, lit. mixing-vessel
crepusculum = twilight, f. crepus, creper =
dark, obscure
crtceus, f. crta = chalk
A99
CRASS
A103
CRATER
A103
CREPUSCULAR
A104
pert. to twilight
CRETACEOUS
chalky
A104
CRISIS
A105
vital or decisive
stage in events
CROCUS
L. Gr. krsis = decision, event, turningpoint of a disease, f. krnein = decide

L. Gr. krkos (of Sem. orig.)
A105
CRUSTACEOUS
CRYPTIC
that is or having a
crustceus, f. crusta = crust
hard integument; of
A106 the crustacea
hidden, secret
crypticus Gr. kruptiks, f. krupts = hidden
A107
culnrius, f. culna = kitchen
CULINARY
A107
CULM
A107
(bot.) stalk of a
plant
CULMINATE
A107
CULPRIT
in the formula
Culprit, how will
you be tried?,
formely said by the
Clerk of the Crown
to a prisoner who
culmus
f. pp. stem of culminre = exalt, extol, f.
culmen, culmin- = summit, acme
by assoc. with culpa = guilt
A107
pleaded Not Guilty;

the accused
CULT
A108 , B94
CULTIVATE
A108
of copper
CUPREOUS
cultus , sb. of action f. colere = inhabit,

cultivate, protect, honour with worship
cultivre, t-, f. cultvus, in cultva terra =
arable land, f. cult-, pp. stem of colere =
inhabit, cultivate, protect, honour with
worship
cupreus, f. cuprum = copper
A108
cursrius, f. cursor = runner
CURSORY
A108
CURT
short, terse
curtus = cut short
sb. short for curve

line
point, apex
curvus, app. rel. to Gr. kurts = curved
epidermis
cutcula, dim. of cutis = skin
A108
CURVE
A108
CUSP
cuspis, -id- = point, pointed weapon
A109
CUTICLE
A110
D
DATUM
A113
DECENNIAL
A115
DECIDUOUS
A115
DECIMAL
A115
DECIMATE
A115
thing given or
granted; chiefly pl.
data
pert. to a period of
10 years
falling off at a
particular season
proceeding by
powers of 10; sb.
exact tithe from;
put to death one in
ten of a number
downward slope
n. pp. of dare = give

f. decennium = decade, f. decennis, f. decem
= ten + annus = year
f. dciduus, f. dcidere = fall down or off, f.
de- + cadere = fall
decimlis, f. decimus = tenth, f. decem = ten
f. pp. stem of decimre, f. decimus = tenth, f.
decem = ten
dclvits, f. dclvis = sloping downwards, f.

de- + clvus = slope
DECORTICATE
strip the bark from f. pp. stem of dcorticre, f. de- + cortic- =
A115
bark
DECREMENT
decrease, lessening dcrmentum, f. dcr-, stem of dcrscere
DECLIVITY
A115
A115
(of a wave) very

large
DEFENESTRATION action of throwing
A116 out of a window
DECUMAN
A115
DEFLECT
decumnus, var. of decimnus = of the tenth

part, f. decimus = tenth
dfenestrti, n-, f. de- + fenestra =
window
dflectere, f. de- + flectere = bend
A116
DELETE
A117
DELETERIOUS
A117
DELINQUENT
destroy, abolish;
obliterate
f. dlt-, pp. stem of dlre

f. dltrius Gr. dltrios, f. dltr =
destroyer, f. dlesthai = injure, destroy
dlinquns, -ent-, pp. of dlinquere = be at
A117
DELPHINIUM
A117
DEPICT
represent in
colours
pray against; plead
for the avoidance
A120 of
fault, offend, f. de- + linquere = leave

delphinium Gr. delphnion = larkspur, f.
delphs, delphn- = doplhin
f. dpict-, pp. stem of dpingere
A119
DEPRECATE
DERELICT
f. pp. stem of dprecr, f. de- + prcr =

pray
drelictus, pp. of drelinquere, f. de- +

relinquere = leave
fall away from a
f. pp. stem of drogre, f. de- + rogre = ask,
A120 standard
question, propose
feel the want or
f. pp. stem of dsderre, f. de- + sder-, as in
A121 loss of
consderre = consider
lose heart or
dspondre = give up, resign, abondon, f. deA121 confidence
+ spondre = promise
wipe or clear away dtergre, f. de- + tergre = wipe
A120
DEROGATE
DESIDERATE
DESPOND
DETERGE
A122
f. pp. stem of dvstre, f. de- + vstre =

lay waste, f. vstus = waste
f. pp. stem of dvire, f. de- + via = way
DEVASTATE
A122
DEVIATE
A122
DEVIL
printers
apprentice
deviating from the
A122 direct way
(sign
marking)the
separation of a
vowel from its
A123 neighbour
diabolus Gr. dibolos = slanderer, devil
B122
DEVIOUS
DIAERESIS
DIAGNOSIS
A123
DIAGRAM
A123
transparent
DIAPHANOUS
A123
DIPHRAGM
DICTATE
partition dividing
the thorax from
A123 the abdomen
utter aloud; lay
down
A124 authoritatively
DICTUM
A124
Gr. letter
DIGAMMA
A124
dvius, f. de- + via = way

L. Gr. diaresis, f. diairein = divide, f. dia+ hairein = take
L. Gr. dignsis, f. diagignskein =

distinguish, discern, f. dia- + gignskein =
perceive
diagramma Gr. digramma, f. diagrphein
= mark out by lines, f. dia- + grphein =
write
f. diaphanus, f. Gr. diaphans, f. dia- +
phan-, phanein = show
diaphragma Gr. diphragma, f. dia- +
phrgma = fence
f. dictt-, pp. stem of dictre = pronounce,
prescribe, f. dcere = say
L. = thing said, sb. use of n. pp. of dcere =
say
L. Gr. dgamma so called from its shape,
which suggests two gammas set one above
the other
DIGIT
finger, toe;
fingers breadth
plant of the
A124 foxglove family
given to delaying
A124
DIGITALIS
DILATORY
A125
pert. to the Flood
DILUVIAL
digitlis = pert. to the finger, after the G.

name of the foxglove, fingerhut
dltrius, f. dltor = delayer, f. dlt-, pp.
stem of differre = defer
dluvilis, f. dluvium = flood, deluge
A125
DIPLOMA
DIPTYCH
official document
of state or church;
document
conferring an
honour, privilege,
A126 or license
two-leaved hinged
A126 tablet for writing
DISC , DISK
A126 , B126
DISCRIMINATE
A127
diplma Gr. dplma = folded paper, letter

of recommendation or conveying a license or
privilege, f. diploun = double, fold, f.
diplous = double
diptycha Gr. dptukha, n. pl. of dptukhos =
double-folded, f. di- + ptukh = fold
discus
f. pp. stem of discrminre, f. discrmen,
-min- = distinction, f. discernere = discern
L. Gr. dskos, f. dkskok, f. dikein = throw
DISCUS
A127
dispellere, f. dis- + pellere = drive
DISPEL
A128
DISRUPTION
A129
DISSECT
A129
DISSEMINATE
A129
discussion;
spoken or written
discourse
containing a
discussion at
A129 length
DISSERTATION
disprupti, -n-, f. disrupt-, pp. stem of

disrumpere, f. dis- + rumpere = break
f. dissect-, pp. stem of dissecre, f. dis- +
secre = cut
f. pp. stem of dissminre, f. dis- + smen,
smin- = seed
dissertti, -n-, f. dissertre = discuss,
debate, frequent. of disserere = trat, examine,
discourse, f. dis- + serere = join, connect,
join words in composition
f. dis- + similar, after similis = similar
DISSIMILAR
A129
squander, distract
DISSIPATE
A129
DISSOCIATE
A129
DISTEND
swell out from

within
Greek choric
hymn in honour of
A130 Dionysus
of the day
f. pp. stem of dissipre, f. dis- + supre,

sipre = throw
f. pp. stem of dissocire, f. dis- + socire =
join together, f. socius = companion
distendere, f. dis- + tendere = stretch, extend
A129
DITHYRAMB
DIURNAL
dthyrambus Gr. dthrambos

diurnlis, f. diurnus, f. dis = day
A130
DIVARICATE
stretch or spread
f. pp. stem of dvaricre, f. di- + varicre =
A130
apart
stretch, f. varicus = straddling

dvergere, f. di- + vergere = bend, incline,
verge
refash. on L. models in di- + of earlier devest
reveal
dvulgre = make commonly or publicly

known, f. di- + vulgre = publish, propagate,
f. vulgus = common people
docns, -ent-, prp. of docre = teach
DIVERGE
A130
DIVEST
A130
DIVULGE
A131
adj. teaching
DOCENT
A131
DOGMA
A132
DOMINICAN
pert. to the Order

of Friars Preachers
A133
schoolmaster,
pedagogue
DOMINIE
A133
DORIAN
DOSSAL
DOXOLOGY
DRACONIC
pert. to Doris, a
division of ancient
Greece; (mus.)
name of one of the
ancient Gr.
A133 musical modes
ornamental cloth
on or at the back
of a chair, an altar,
A133 etc.
formal ascription
A134 of praise to God
pert. to a dragon
dogma = philosophical tenet Gr. dgma,

dogmat-, = opinion, tenet, f. dokein = seem
(good), think, suppose
Dominicnus, f. Dominicus, L. form of the
name of Domingo de Guzman, founder of an
order of preaching friars
sp. of domine, orig. term of respectful
address to clerics, voc. case of dominus =
master, lord
f. Drius Gr. Drios, f. Drs
dossle, n. of dosslis, for dorslis, for

dorsulis, f. dorsum = back
doxologia = Gr. doxolog, f. doxolgos =
giving glory, f. dxa = glory
f. drac, -n- = dragon, Drac, Gr. Drkn
A134
drma Gr. drama, -at- = deed, action, play,

f. dran = do, act
dulis, f. duo = two
DRAMA
A135
DUAL
A137
DUCT
DYAD
course, direction;
stroke drawn;
tube or canal in an
animal or
A137 vegetable body
number two
ductus = leading, conduct, in aqueduct, f.

duct-, pp. stem of dcere = lead
dyas, dyad- Gr. dus, duad, f. do = two
A139
E
ECCLESIASTIC
sb.
ecclsiasticus Gr. ekklsiastiks, f.

ekklsiasts = member of the ecclesia or
public assembly of citizens, f. ekklsizein =
hold or summon to an assembly, summon to
A138 , B141
ECUMENICAL
world-wide
A141
EDIBLE
church, f. ekkls = assembly, church, f.

ekklts, pp. adj. of ekkalein, f. ek = out, ex+ kalein = call, summon
f. cumenicus Gr. oikoumeniks, f. h
oikoumn = the inhabited world, pp. fem.
of oikein = inhabit, f. oikos = house
edibilis, f. edere= eat
A142
EDUCE
EDULCORATE
bring out, develop

from a latent
A142 condition
soften
A142
EFFETE
EJACULATE
that has ceased to

bring forth; worn
A142 out
utter suddenly
A143
ELABORATE
A143
highly or minutely
finished
ELAPSE
dcere, f. e- + dcere = lead

f. pp. stem of dulcorre, f. e- + dulcor =
sweetness, f. dulcis = sweet
efftus = that has brought forth young ,
exhausted as by bearing young, f. ef- + ftus
= foetus
f. pp. stem of iaculr, f. e- + iaculr =
dart, f. iaculum = dart, javelin, f. iacere =
throw
labrtus, pp. of labrre, f. e- + labor =
labour
f. laps-, pp. stem of lab = slip away
A143
adj.
ELASTIC
A143
encourage, puff up
ELATE
A143
elasticity
ELATER
elasticus Gr. elastiks = propulsive,

impulsive
f. lt-, pp. stem of efferre, f. ef- + ferre =
bear
L. Gr. elatr = driver
A143
ELECT
chosen for an
office (but not yet
A144 installed)
ELECTRIC , -ICAL
A144
ELEEMOSYNARY
A144
ELENCHUS
A144
pert. to alms
form of syllogism
in refutation
ELICIT
A144
ELLIPSIS
ELOCUTION
ELONGATE
(gram.) omission
of words supposed
to be essential to
the complete form
A145 of a sentence
oral utterance or
A145 delivery
depart
A145
lectus, pp. of ligere, f. e- + legere =

choose
lectricus, f. lectrum Gr. lektron =
amber
elemosynrius, f. elemosyna = alms
L. Gr. legkhos = argument of refutation
f. licit-, pp. stem of licere = draw forth, f.
e- + lacere = entice, inveigle
ellpsis Gr. lleipsis = defect, ellipse,
grammatical ellipsis, f. ellepein = leave out,
fall short, f. en = in + lepein = leave
locti, -n-, f. loct-, pp. stem of loqu
= speak out, f. e- + loqu = speak
f. pp. stem of longre = remove, prolong, f.
e- + long = far off, later taken as if f. e- +
longus = long
slip away from
ELUDE
ldere, f. e- + ldere = play
A145
EMACIATE
A145
set free
EMANCIPATE
A145
EMASCULATE
A145
EMBLEM
EMBODY
symbolical
representation,
figured object with
A146 symbolic meaning
incorporate
A146
rise out of a liquid
EMERGE
f. pp. stem of macire, f. e- + macis =

leanness
f. pp. stem of mancipre, f. e- + mancipium
= purchase, f. manus = hand + capere =
taked
f. pp. stem of masculre = castrate, f. e- +
masculus = male
emblma = inlaid work, raised ornament
Gr. mblma, -at- = insertion, f. embl-,
embllein = throw in, insert, f. em- + bllein
= throw
f. em- + body, after incorporre =
incorporate
mergere, f. e- + mergere = dip, merge
A146
EMINENT
A146
exalted,
distinguished

missrius = scout, spy, f. miss-, pp. stem
of mittere = emit
mittere, f. e- + mittere = let go, send
EMISSARY
A146
EMIT
A146
EMOLLIENT
softening
f. prp. stem of mollre, f. e- + mollis = soft
intensity of
feeling, etc.

empricus Gr. empeiriks, f. empeir =
experience, f. mpeiros = skilled, f. em- +
peira = trial, experiment
f. empyreus, as n. sb. -eum Gr. emprios,
as n. sb. ion, f. em- + pur = fire
L. Gr. egkania n. pl. = festival of renewal,
f. en- + kains = new
A146
EMPHASIS
A146
adj.
EMPIRIC
A146
of the highest
heaven
ENCAENIA
annual
commemoration of
founders and
beneractors at the
university of
A147 Oxford
ENCAUSTIC
produced by
A148 burning pigments
ENCLICTIC
(gram.) leaning its
accent on the
A148 preceding word
ENCYCLICAL
intended for
universal
A148 circulation
ENCYCLOP (A) EDI
general course of
A
instruction;
repertory of
EMPYREAN
A147
encausticus Gr. egkaustiks, f. egkaein =

burn
enclicticus Gr. egkhlitiks, f. egklnein =
lean on, f. en- + klnein = lean
encyclicus, f. Gr. egkklios = circular,
general, f. en- + kklos = circle
L. spurious Gr. egkuklopaide, for
egkklios paide = general education
information on all
branches of
knowledge
A148
weaken
ENERVATE
A149
ENHARMONIC
A149
ENIGMA
A149
ENTELECHY
A150
ENUMERATE
A151
ENUNCIATE
A151
EPENTHESIS
A151
EPIDERMIS
A152
EPITHALAMIUM
A152
EPOCH
A152
EQUABLE
A152
EQUANIMITY
A152
EQUATE
A152
EQUESTRIAN
A153
EQUILIBRIUM
A153
EQUIVOCAL
A153
ERA
A154
ERASE
f. pp. stem of nervre, f. e- + nervus =

sinew, nerve
en(h)armonicus Gr. enarmoniks, f. en- +
harmon = harmony
puzzling problem
nigma, -mat- Gr. anigma, f. base of
ainssesthai = speak allusively or obscurely,
f. ainos = fable
(philos.)
L. Gr. entelkheia, f. en- + tlei d. of tlos
realization of a
= end, perfection + klein = be in a certain
function
state
f. pp. stem of numerre, f. e- + numerus =
number
give expression to f. pp. stem of nuntire, f. e- + nuntire =
announce
(philol.) insertion
L. Gr. epnthesis, f. epenthe-, stem of
of a sound between epentithnai = insert, f. epi- + en = in +
two others
tithnai = place
L. Gr. epiderms, f. epi- + drma = skin
nuptial song
L. Gr. epithalmion, f. epi- + thlamos =

bridal chamber
epocha Gr. epokh = stoppage, station,
fixed point of time, f. epkhein = stop, take
up a position, f. epi- + khein = hold, intr. be
in a certain state
qubilis, f. qure = make level or equal,
f. quus = level, even
fairness, evenness quanimits, f. quanimis, f. quus +
of temper
animre = give life to, f. anima = air, breath,
life, soul; animus = spirit
make or treat as
f. pp.stem of qure, f. quus = even
equal
f. equestris, eques = horseman, knight, f.
equus = horse
quilbrium, f. qui- = equi- + lbra =
balance
nominal only;
f. quivocus, f. qui = equi + vocre = call,
capable of twofold name
interpretation
system of
ra, orig. pl. of s, ris = copper
chronology
reckoned from a
point of time; date
from which a
period is reckoned
f. rs-, pp. stem of rdere, f. e- + rdere =
A154
ERUCTATE
A154
ESCULENT
A155
hungry
ESURIENT
A156
scrape
f. pp. stem of ructre, f. e- + ructre =
belch
sculentus, f. sca = food, f. ed- of edere =
eat
esurins, -ent-, prp. of surre = be hungry,
desiderative vb. f. s-, pp. stem of edere =
eat
f. etsius Gr. etsios = annual, f. etes =
year
name of certain
winds in the
Mediterranean area
blowing for a
certain period
A156 annually
ETHER
clear sky; (phys.)
thr Gr. aithr = upper air, f. base of
substance
athein = kindle, burn, shine
A156 , B146 permeating space
EUPHORBIA
the spurge genus
euphorbea, f. Euphorbus, name of a
physician of Juba II, king of Mauretania,
who is said to have named the plant after
A157
him
EVINCE
overcome,
f. vincere, f. e- + vincere = conquer
convince,
prove, make
A158 evident
EVISCERATE
f. pp. stem of viscerre, f. e- + viscera, pl.
A158
of vscus = viscus
EVOKE
call forth
vocre, f. e- + vocre = call
ETESIAN
A158
EVOLUTION
A158
EVULSION
A158
EXACERBATE
A158
EXAGGERATE
A158
EXCERPT
A159
EXCULPATE
A159
EXCURSION
A159
EXERT
A160
EXIGUOUS
volti, -n- = unrolling of a book, f.

volt-, pp. stem of volvere, f. e- + volvere
= roll
forcible extraction vulsi, -n-, f. vuls-, pp. stem of vellere,
f. e- + vellere = pluck
increase the
f. pp. stem of exacerbre, f. ex- + acerbus =
bitterness of
bitter
make (a thing) out f. pp. stem of exaggerre, f. ex- + aggerre
grater than it is
= heap up, f. agger = heap, prob. f. ag- +
gerere = carry
sb.
excerptum, sb. use of n. pp. of excerpere, f.
ex- + carpere = pluck
f. pp. stem of exculpre, f. ex- + culpa =
blame
journey from home excursi, n-, f. excurs-, pp. stem of
excurrere = run out, issue forth, f. ex- +
currere = run
discharge, emit;
f. exert- pp. stem of ex(s)erere = put forth, f.
exercise, bring to
ex- + serere = bind, entwine, join
bear
f. exiguus = scanty in measure or number, f.
A160
EXIST
A160
exigere = weigh exactly

ex(s)istere = appear, come forward, come
into being, f. ex- + sistere = take up a
position, redup. formation on sta- = stand
exitus, f. pp. stem of exre = go out, f. ex- +
re = go
departure from
life, death; egress,
A160 outlet
EXODUS
departure, spec. of Exodus Gr. xodos, f. ex- + hods = way
the Israelites out of
A160 Egypt
EXORBITANT
exceeding proper
prp. of exorbitre, f. ex- + orbita = orbit
A160 bounds
EXOTERIC
extericus Gr. exteriks, f. extr,
A160
compar. of x = outside
EXPATIATE
discourse at length ex(s)patir, -t-, f. ex- + spatir = walk, f.
A160
spatium = space
EXPECTORATE
eject (phlegm)
f. pp. stem of expectorre, f. ex- + pectus,
A161
pector- = breast
EXPEDITE
clear of
f. expedt-, pp. stem of expedre = extricate,
difficulties; help
make ready, put in order, f. ex- + ps, ped- =
A161 forward, dispatch
foot
EXPIATE
avert evil from; do f. pp. stem of expire, f. ex- + pire = seek
away the guilt of,
to appease, f. pius = devout, pious
A161 make amends for
EXPLAIN
open out,
explnre, f. ex- + plnus = plain
smoothe; assign a
A161 meaning to
EXPLETIVE
serving to fill out; expltvus, f. explre, f. ex- + plre = fill
sb.
A161 expletive word
EXPLODE
bring into discredit expldere = drive out by clapping, hiss off
A161
the stage, f. ex- + plaudere = clap the hands
EXPORT
send from one
exportre, f. ex- + portre = carry
A161 country to another
EX POST FACTO
erron. division of ex postfacto = from what
is done afterwards, i.e. ex = from, out of,
with abl. of postfactum, i.e. post = after +
A161
pp. of facere = do
EXPROPRIATE
f. pp. stem of exproprire, f. ex- + proprium
A161
= property
EXPUNGE
expungere = mark for deletion by points set
A162
above or below, f. ex- + pungere = prick
EXPURGATE
f. pp. stem of expurgre, f. ex- + purgre =
A162
purify, for prigre, f. prus = pure
EXQUISITE
intense, keenly
exqustus, pp. adj. of exqurere = search
A162 sensitive
out, f. ex- + qurere = search, seek
EXTEMPORE
adj.
f. phr. ex tempore = on the spur of the
moment, i.e. ex = out of, tempore = abl. of
A162
tempus = time
EXIT
EXTERMINATE
A162
destroy utterly
EXTRACT
take out of, copy

out
A162
EXTRANEOUS
f. pp. stem of exterminre, f. ex- + terminus

= boundary
trahere = draw
f. extrneus, f. extra-
A162
EXTRICATE
unravel,
disentangle
pert. to external
aspects or
A162 conditions
A162
EXTRINSIC
f. pp. stem of extricre, f. ex- + trc =

perplexities
extrinsecus = adj. outer, f. extrinsecus = adv.
ourwardly, f. extra- + im + secus =
alongside of
F
FACETIAE
pleasantries
L. pl. of factia = jest
exact copy
f. fac, imper. of facere make, do + simile, n.

of similis = like, similar
factcius, f. fact-, f. facere = do
A164
FACSIMILE
A164
FACTITIOUS
F( A)ECES
made by art;
made up for the
A164 occasion
excrement
pl. of fx = dregs
A164
movable prayerdesk
FALDSTOOL
A165
delusive nature
FALLACY
A165
FARINACEOUS
A166
FARRAGO
A166
FASCICLE
A166
FASTIDIOUS
faldistolium WGmc. faldistl = late OE.

fldestl, fyld(e)stl, f. Gmc. falban = fold
+ stlaz = stool
farnceus, f. farna = flour, f. far = corn
medley
part or number of a
written work
easily offended
farrgo = orig. mixed fodder for cattle, f.

far, farr- = corn, spelt
fasciculus, dim. of fascis = bundle
fastdisus, f. fastdium = loathing
A167
FATIDIC (AL )
prophetic
A167
FATUOUS
ftidicus, f. ftum = fate + discus, f. weak

var. of base of dcere = say
f. fatuus
A167
fdus, fdus, fder- = covenant
FEDERAL
A168
flnus, f. fls = cat
FELINE
A168
FELO DE SE
FERAL
one who
deliberately puts an
A168 end to his life
deadly; funeral
AL. felo = felon, d s = of himself

frlis, perh. rel. to fri
A169
FERAL
wild, savage
ferus, rel to Gr. thr = wild beast
A169
FEROCIOUS
f. ferx, ferc-, rel. to ferus = feral
A169
FERREOUS
A169
FERRUGINOUS
A169
FEUD
pert. to iron
f. ferreus, f. ferrum = iron
of the nature or
colour of iron rust
(hist.) fief
f. ferrg, -gin- = iron rust, dark red, f.

ferrum = iron
feudum, feodum
A170
FIAT
FIBULA
authoritative
sanction or
A170 command
clasp, brooch; long
bone on the outer
A170 side of the leg
L. = let it be done, 3rd sg. pres. subj. of

fier, used as passive of facere = do
fbula
fictilis, f. fict- pp. stem of fingere = fashion
FICTILE
A170
fdcilis, f. fdcia = trust, f. fdere = to

trust, rel. to fids = faith
fissilis, f. fiss-, pp. stem of findere = cleave
FIDUCIAL
A170
FISSILE
A172
prob. imit.; perh. suggested by flagellre =

flagellate
f. fls, flr-, = flower
FLOG
A175
FLORET
A175
FLORID
flourishing,
blooming; flowery;
A175 ruddy
FLORILEGIUM
collection of
A175 literary flowers
flridus, f. fls, flr- = flower
FLORIST
fls = flower, legere = gather, tr. Gr.

antholgion = anthology
fls, flr- = flower
A175
FLUCTUATE
A176
FLUOR
FOCUS
FOLIATION
FOLLICLE
flux, fluid state;

one of a class of
minerals used a s
A176 fluxes
point toward which
lines, rays, etc.
A176 converge
being in leaf,
arrangement in
A177 leaves
(anat.) small sac
A177
FORAMEN
A178
(anat.) opening for

the passage of sth
f. pp. stem of flucture, f. fluctus = current,

wave, f. fluct-, pp. stem of fluere = flow
fluor = flow, flux, f. fluere = flow
focus = fire-place, domestic heart

folium = leaf
folliculus = little bag, dim. of follis =
bellows
forre = bore
L.
FORCEPS
A178
FORENSIC
A179
FORMULA
pert. to courts of
law
set form of words
f. fornsis, f. forum, rel. to fors = (outside)

door
frmula, dim. of frma = form
A180
court, tribunal
fortutus, f. forte = by chance, abl. of fors =

chance
forum, rel. to fors = (outside) door
species of dittany
dim. of fraxinus = ash
FORTUITOUS
A180
FORUM
A180
FRAXINELLA
A182
FRIGID
A183
FRITILLARY
A183
FRUGAL
plant of the genus

Fritillaria
sparingly supplied
A184
FRUSTUM
frgidus, f. frgre = be cold, f. frgus = cold

+- id
fritillria, f. fritillus = dice-box, presumably
applied ot the chessboard
frglis, back-formation from frglior,
-issimus, compar. and super. of frg
indeclinable adj., d. of flux, chiefly pl.
frgs = produce of the soil
L. = piece cut off
A184
fleeting
FUGACIOUS
f. fugx, fugc, f. fugere = flee
A184
FULCRUM
prop, support, spec.

in mechanics
bottom,
foundation, basis;
source of supply;
A185 stock of money
A184
FUND
fulcrum = post or foot of a couch, f. base of

fulcre = support
refash. of fond after fundus = bottom, piece
of land, farm, estate
fnebris, f. fnus = funeral
FUNEBRIAL
A185
spongy excrescence
FUNGUS
A185
pert. to hypothetical
filament of rarefied
matter
FUNICULAR
fungus, perh. connected with Gr. sp(h)ggos

= sponge
fniculus, dim. of fnis = rope
A185
FURUNCLE
A185
FUSCOUS
boil, inflamed
tumour
dusky
frunculus = petty thief, knob on a vine,

boil, dim. of fr = thief
fuscus = dark, dusky
melt with intense

heat
(joc.) cudgel
fs-, pp. stem of fundere = pour, melt, found
helmet-shaped;
helmeted
lead ore
f. galetus, f. galea = helmet
Gaulish, French
Gallicus, f. Gallus, Gallia = Gaul
A185
FUSE
A185
FUSTIGATE
f. pp. stem of fstigre, f. fstis = cudgel
A185
G
GALEATED
A187
GALENA
L.
A187
GALLIC
A188
f. garrulus, f. garrre = chatter
GARULOUS
A190
GELID
extremely cold
gelidus, f. gelu = frost, intense cold
conducive to
growth
(bot.) broom

L.
A191
GENIAL
A191
GENISTA
A191
GENIUS
GENUINE
innate capacity,
person as
A191 possessing this
not spurious or
counterfeit
A192
GEODE

genunus, f. genu = knee (the orig. ref. was
to the recognition of a new-born child by the
father placing it on his knees)
geds Gr. geds = earthy, f. ge = earth
A192
GERMINATE
A192
GESTATION
A192
process of carrying
young
GESTICULATE
A192
GIGANTIC
f. pp. stem of germinre, f. germen, germin= sprout

gestti, -n-, f. gestre, frequent. f. gest-,
pp. stem of gerere = carry
f. pp. stem of gesticulr, f. gesticulus, dim.
of gestus = action, gesture
f. gigs, gigant- = giant
A193
GINGIVAL
of the gums
gingvlis, f. gingva = gum
(anat.) joint of
which the motion is
in only one plane
smooth
L. Gr. ggglumos = hinge
A194
GINGLYMUS
A194
GLABROUS
f. glaber = hairless, bald
A194
GLAUCOMA
A195
dull-green
GLAUCOUS
A195
GLUTEUS
GRADATION
(anat.) any of the

three muscles of the
A196 buttock
scale of degrees
A198
GRAMINEOUS
A199
GRANULE
A199
GRAPHIC
GRAVAMEN
grassy

grmineus, f. grmen, grmin- = grass
grnulum, dim. of grnum = grain
drawn with pencil

or pen; vividly
A200 descriptive
grievance or its
presentation
A200
GRAVITATE
L. Gr. glakma, f. glauks = bluish-green

or grey
f. glaucus Gr. glauks = bluish-green or
grey
L. Gr. glouts = rump
exert weight or
pressure; be
affected by the
graphicus Gr. graphiks, f. graph =

drawing, writing
grvmen = physical inconvenience, f.
gravre = weigh upon, oppress, f. gravis =
heavy, grave
f. pp. stem of gravitre, f. gravits = gravity
A200
GREMIAL
GRUME
force of gravity
pert. to the bosom
A201 of lap
clot of blood
A203
GYPSUM
hydrated calcium
sulphate, from
which plaster of
A206 Paris is made
gremilis, -le, f. gremium = lap, bosom

grmus = little heap, rel. to OE crma =
crumb
L. Gr. gpsos, of Sem. orig.
H
qualify
HABILITATE
A207
H( A)EMATITE
ferric oxide as ore

A207
HALLUCINATION
A208
nimbus of a saint
HALO
A208
HEBDOMADAL
A213
lasting seven days
HELIOTROPE
plant of which the

flowers turn
towards the sun,
e.g. formerly,
sunflower,
marigold, now the
genus Heliotropium
f. pp. stem of habilitre, f. habilits =

ability
hmatts Gr. haimatts = blood-like, f.
haima, haimat- = blood
hallcinti, -n-, late form of lcinti, f.
lcinr = wander in thought or speech
Gr. alssein = be distraught or ill at ease,
with ending as in vticinr = vaticinate
hal, for hals, -n- Gr. hls = threshingfloor, disk of the sun, moon, or a shield
hebdomadlis, f. hebdomas, -ad- = group of
seven Gr. hebdoms, f. hept = seven
hliotropium Gr. hliotrpion, f. hlios =
sun + -tropos = turning
A214
HERMETIC
HERO
pert. to (the
supposed writings
of) Hermes
Trismegistus; pert.
to occult science,
esp. alchemy;
hermetic seal =
A215 airtight closure
man admired for
his great deeds and
A215 noble qualities
HERPES
A215
HESITATE
A215
HIATUS
A216
HIBERNIAN
interruption of
continuity
Irish
hermticus, f. Herms Trsmegistus (Gr.

Hermes tris mgistos ) = thrice-greatest
Hermes, name given by Neoplatonists,
mystics, and alchemists to the Egyptian god
Thoth, who was identified with the Grecian
Hermes (god of science, etc.) as the author
of occult science and esp. alchemy
herps Gr. hrps = shingles, lit. creeping,
f. hrpein = creep
f. pp. stem of hsitre = stick fast, stammer,
be undecided, f. hs-, pp. stem of hrre =
stick, adhere
f. Hibernia = Ireland, alt. of I(u)verna,
A216
pert. to a priestly
class, of a style of
ancient Egyptian
A216 writing
HIEROPHANT
expounder of
mysteries
HIERATIC
A216
offspring of a sheass and a stallion

HIPPOCRENE
name of a fountain
on Helicon, sacred
to the Muses,
A217 poetic inspiration
HIRCINE
goatish
HINNY
Iuberna,
Gr.
hierticus Gr. hiertiks = priestly,
sacerdotal, f. hierasthai = be a priest, f.
hieres = priest, f. hiers = sacred
hierophanta, -s- Gr. hierophnts, f.
hiers = sacred + -phan, base of phanein =
reveal
hinnus Gr. (g)nnos
A217
Hippocrn Gr. Hippokrn, f. hippos =

horse + krn = fountain; so named because
fabled to have been produced by a stroke of
Pegasus hoof
hircnus, f. hircus = he-goat
A217
hirstus, rel to synon. hitrus
HIRSUTE
A217
bristly, shaggy
HISPID
hispidus
A217
HISTRIONIC
A217
conjurer, juggler;
conjuring formula;
A218 jugglery, trickery
HOCUS POCUS
HOMUNCULUS
A219
HONORARIUM
A219
histrinicus, f. histri, -n- = actor in stage

plays
based ult. on has pax max Deus adimax
(16th), pseudo-L. magical formula coined
by vagrant students
dim. of hom = man
HORARY
L. = gift made on being admitted to a post

of honour, sb. use of n. of honrrius
relating to the hours hrrius, f. hra = hour
A220
HORRIPILATION
goose-flesh
A220
HORTICULTURE
A220
HUMERAL
horripilti, -n-, f. horripilre, f. horrre =

(of hair) stand on end, tremble, shudder +
pilus = hair
hortus = garden
pert. to the humerus f. humerus = shoulder

or the shoulder(s)
A222
glass-like, vitreous
HYALINE
A223
sb. and adj. halfbreed, mongrel;

also fig.
HYBRID
A223
(path.) watery cyst
HYDATID
A223
HYDRAULIC
A224
HYMEN
hyalinus Gr. halinos, f. halos =

transparent stone, amber, etc., glass
hybriada, (h)ibrida = offspring of a tame
sow and a wild boar, one born of a Roman
father and a foreign mother or of a freeman
and a slave
hydatis, -id- Gr. hudats, -id-, f. hdor,
hudat- = water
hydraulicus Gr. hudrauliks, f. hdor,
hudr- = water + auls = pipe
hymn Gr. humn, f. sjumen-, f. IE. sj =
A224
sb.
HYPHEN
A224
sew
L. Gr. huphn = the sign , sb. use of
huphn = together, f. huph-, hup = under,
hypo- + hn, n. of heis = one
I
IB ., IBID .
abbrevs. of ibidem f. ib = there + -dem, as in idem, tandem

= in the same place,
passage, book, etc.
A226
IBERIAN
f. Ibria, f. Ibres Gr. Ibres = Spaniards,

also a people of the Caucasus
ibex, prob. Alpine word like chamois
A226
IBEX
A226
ICHNEUMON
ID.
IDYLL
insect of a family
parasitic on the
A227 larvae of others
abbr. of idem = the
same name, title,
A227 author, etc.
short poem
descriptive of a
picturesque scene
A227 or incident
ichneumn Gr. iknemn = tracker, f.

ikhneein = track, f. khnos = track, footstep
dem m., idem n., is, id = that one + -dem, as
in ibidem
dyllium Gr. eidllion, dim. of eidos =
form, picture
igneus, f. ignis = fire
IGNEOUS
A228
ignorant person
IGNORAMUS
A228
ILLEGITIMATE
A228
ILLICIT
A228
ILLUSTRATE
unauthorized
f. il- + licitus, pp. of lcere = be lawful
exemplify;
elucidate with
A228 pictures
IMBRICATE
(nat. hist.) covered
with scales
overlapping like
A228 roof tiles
IMMATERIAL
unimportant
A229
IMMEMORIAL
A229
f. pp. stem of illustrre, f. il- + lustrre =

illuminate, rel. to lmen = light
pp. of imbricre, f. imbrex, imbric- = roof
tile, f. imber = rain
f. im- + mterilis, mteria = matter
build into a wall
immemorilis, f. im- + memoria, f. memor =

mindful, remembering
f. immers-, pp. stem of immergere, f. im- +
mergere = dip, merge
f. pp. stem of immigrre, f. im- + migrre,
prob. based on mei- = change
immrre, f. im- + mrus = wall
faultless
impeccbilis, f. im- + peccre = sin
IMMERSE
A229
IMMIGRATE
A229
IMMURE
L. = we do not know, in legal use we take

no notice, 1st per. pl. pres. ind. of ignorre
= ignore
f. illegitimus, after legitimate
A229
IMPECCABLE
A229
impedre, f. im- + ps, ped- = foot
IMPEDE
A229
be imminent
impendre, im- + pendre = hang
IMPERSONAL
not personal
impersnlis, f. im- + personlis = personal
A229
IMPERSONATE
A229
invest with a
personality
f. im- + persna = person
IMPEND
A229
L., f. im- + pervius, f. per- + via = way
IMPERVIOUS
A229
strike, dash
IMPINGE
impingere, f. im- + pangere = fix, drive in
A230
essential
consituent
IMPLICIT
entangled,
A230 , B379 entwined
IMPREGNATE
make pregnant;
imbue, saturate
IMPLEMENT
A230
A230
IMPRIMATUR
IMPULSE
INANE
licence to print
given by the L.
formula
imprimtur = let it
A230 be printed
act of impelling;
stimulation of the
A231 mind
empty

implicitus, later form of implictus, pp. of
implicre, f. im- + plicre = fold
f. impregnate pp. or its source late
imprgntus, f. im- + prgnre = be
pregnant
3rd sg. pres. subj. pass. of imprimere = print
impulsus, f. pp. stem of impellere = impel

innis = empty, vain
A231
adj. and sb.
incendirius, f. incendium = burning, fire
INCOMPREHENSI BLE
A232
INCONGRUOUS
A232
that cannot be
understood
incipins, -ent-, prp. of incipere =

undertake, begin, f. in- + capere =take
f. in- + comprehendere, f. com- +
prehendere = grasp
INCREMENT
amount of increase
INCENDIARY
A232
INCIPIENT
A232
A232
INCUBUS
A232
INCUMBENT
oppressive person
or thing
leaning or resting
with its weight
A232
INCUS
A233
INDEX
A233
INDICATE
(anat.) anvil bone

of the ear
(math.)
incongruus, f. in- + stem of congruere =

agree
incrmentum, f. stem of incrscere, f. in- +
crscere = grow
incubus, earlier incubo, f incubre, f. in- +
cubre = lie
prp. of incumbere = lie or lean upon, apply
oneself to, f. in- + cumbere, nasalized stem
corr. to cubre = lie
L. = anvil
f. in- + -dex, dic-, f. IE deik-, dik- = point
out
f. pp. stem of indicre = declare, mention, f.
A233
INDIGENOUS
A233
that cannot be
remitted; that
cannot be done
A233 without
existing as a
separate entity;
pert. to a single
A233 person or thing; sb.
(path.) painless
INDISPENSABLE
INDIVIDUAL
INDOLENT
A233
INDOMITABLE
A233
untameable
treat with
undeserved favour,
gratify by
compliance; give
A234 free course to
INELUCTABLE
inescapable
INDULGE
in- + dicre = proclaim

f. indigena = native, f. indi-, strengthened
form of in- + gena, f. gen-, base of gignere
= beget
f. in- + dispensre = weigh out, disburse,
administer, dispose, frequent. of dispendere,
f. dis- + pendere = weigh
indvidulis, f. indviduus = indivisible,
inseparable, f. in - + dviduus = divisible, f.
dvidere = divide
indlns, -ent-, f. in- + prp. of dolre =
suffer pain, give pain
indomitbillis, f. in- + domitre , frequent.
of domre = tame
indulgre
f. in- + luctr = struggle out
A234
INEPT
INERT
(arch.) unsuited,
inappropriate;
A234 foolish
inactive, inanimate
A234
INFIRM
weak through age

or illness
(gram.) vary the
A235 termination of
ineptus, f. in- + aptus = apt

iners, inert- = unskilled, inactive, f. in- +
ars = skill, art
A235
INFLECT
influxus, f. in- + fluere = flow
INFLUX
A235 , B164
INFRACTION
A235
free-born
INGENUOUS
A236
INGRATIATE
INGUINAL
bring into favour;

refl., get oneself
A236 into favour
pert. to the groin
remain fixed in
inguinlis, f. inguen, inguin- = (swelling in

the) groin
inhrre, f. in- + hrre = stick
bury
inhumre, f. in- + humus = ground
A236
INHERE
infracti, -n-, f. infract- pp. stem of

infringere = infringe
ingenuus = native, free-born, noble, frank, f.
in- + gen-, base of gignere = beget
f. phr. in grtiam = into favour
A236
INHUME
A236
INIMICAL
A236
INJECT
inimclis, f. inimcus, f. in- + amcus =

friend
f. iniect-, pp. stem of inicere = throw in, f.
A236
INNUENDO
INSCRIBE
paranthetical
explanation or
specification;
oblique hint or
A237 suggestion
enrol; mark with
A237 characters
INSECT
A237
INSIGNIA
A237
exposure to the sun
INSOLATION
in- + iacere = throw

L. = by nodding, pointing to, intimating, abl.
gerund of innuere = nod to, signify, f. in- +
nuere = nod
inscrbere, f. in- + scrbere = write
insectum, sb. use of n. of pp. of insecre =
cut into or up, f. in- + secre = cut
pl. of insigne = sign, badge of office, sb. use
of n. insignis = distinguished, f. in- +
signum = sign
inslti, -n-, f. inslre, f. in - + sl = sun
A237
contemptuous of
dignity or authority
pert. to an island
insolns, -ent- = unusual, excessive,

arrogant, f. in- + prp. of solre = be
accustomed
f. inspect-, pp. of inspicere,f. in- + specere =
look
f. pp. stem of inspissre, f. in- + spissus =
thick, dense
insulris, f. insula = island
treat with scornful

abuse or disrespect
covering, coating
insultre, f. in- + saltre, iterative-intensive

f. salre = leap, jump
integumentum, f. integere = cover
inserted at intervals
(in the calendar)
interval in the
performance of a
A239 play
intercalri(u)s, f. intercalre = proclaim the

insertion of a day, etc. in the calendar
INSOLENT
A237
INSPECT
A237
thicken
INSPISSATE
A237
put in order
INSTRUCT
A238
INSULAR
A238
INSULT
A238
INTEGUMENT
A238
INTERCALARY
A239
INTERLUDE
INTERMEDIATE
A239
attended with great

slaughter
INTERNECINE
A240
INTERPELLATION
interruption
A240
INTERPOLATE
A240
INTERSTICE
intermeditus, f. intermedius, f. inter- +

medius = mid
internecnus, f. interneci = general
slaughter, massacre, extermination, f.
internecre = slaughter, exterminate, f.
inter- + necre = kill
interpellti, -n-, f. interpellre = interupt
by speaking, f. inter- + -pellre = thrust or
direct oneself
f. pp. stem of interpolre, f. inter- + polre,
rel. to polre = polish
interstitium, f. inter- + base of stre = stand
A240
INTIMATE
inward, essential,
intrinsic; pert. to
intimtus, pp. of intimre, f. intimus =

inmost, f. int- of inter- + superl. suffix
the inmost
thoughts; closely
A240 associated
f. pp. stem of intimidre, f. in- + timidus =
timid
f. in- + transitvus, f. transre = pass over
INTIMIDATE
A240
INTRANSITIVE
A240
INTREPID
A240 , B546
INTROVERT
A241
turn (the mind)

upon itself
INUNDATE
A241
adj. and sb.
INVERSE
A241
INVIDIOUS
A241
tending to or
entailing odium
intrepidus, f. in- + trepidus = agitated,

alarmed
f. intrvertere, f. intr- + vertere = turn
f. pp. stem of inundre, f. in- + undre =
flow, f. unda = wave
inversus, pp. of invertere, f. in- + vertere =
turn
invidisus, f. invidia = ill wit, envy
f. in- + vigor = vigour
INVIGORATE
A241
INVOLVE
implicate in a
charge; include
condition of affairs
opposite to that
A242 expected
involvere, f. in- + volvere = roll
A241
IRONY
rnia Gr. eirne, f. ern = disembler

f. pp. of irrigre, f. ir- + rigre = wet, water
IRRIGATE
A242
IRRITATE
A242
ISCHIATIC
excite to morbid
action
sciatic
A242
f. pp. stem of irrtre = irritate

ischiaticus, for ischiadicus, f. iskhis, -ad- =
pain in the hip, f. Gr. iskhon = hip-joint
J
JACOBITE
JACTATION
JANITOR
JEJUNE
JOCOSE
adherent of James f. Jacbus = James

II of England after
his abdication, or
A245 of his family
(path.) tossing of
iactti, -n-, f. iactre = toss about, discuss,
A245 the body to and fro boast, frequent. of iacere = throw
initor, f. inua = door, f. inus = arched
A245
passage
unsatisfying,
iinus = fasting, barren, meagre
A246 meagre
iocsus, f. iocus = word play
A248
sb.
JOKE
iocus = word play, jest
A248
JUDAIC
Idaicus Gr. Ioudaiks, f. Ioudaios = Jew

A249
adj.
JUVENILE
A250
iuvenlis, f. iuvenis = young
K
--L
Roman standard of L.
the late Empire
LABEFACTION
overthrow,
f. labefact-, pp. stem of labefacere = weaken,
A256 downfall
f. lb = fall + facere = make, do
LABORATORY
labrtrium, f. labrre = work
LABARUM
A256
A256
lacna = pool, cavity, f. lacus = lake
LACUNA
A256
LALLATION
LAMBENT
LAMELLA
childish
f. lallre = make lulling sounds, such as lalla
utterance;
pronunciation of r
A257 as l
(of flame) playing lambns, -ent-, prp. of lambere = lick
lightly upon a
surface, shining
A257 with soft clear heat
thin plate
dim. of lamina
A257
LAMINA
thin plate or scale
lmina, lammina
pierce
f. pp. stem of lancinre = tear
wool-bearing
f. lnifer, f. lna = wool
A257
LANCINATE
A257
LANIFEROUS
A258
LAODICEAN
LAPSE
lukewarm, neither
cold nor hot, like
the church of
A258 Laodicea
gliding, flow
A258
spectre, ghost
LARVA
f. Lodica, Gr. Lodkeia, name of a city in

Asia Minor
fall
L. = disembodied spirit, ghost, mask
A259
latns, -ent-, prp. of latre = lie hid
LATENT
A259
LATITUDE
A260
LAUREATE
freedom from
restriction
crowned with
laurel
A260
LAURUSTINUS
A260
LAVATORY
LEGATEE
evergreen shrub
apartment for
washing the hands
A260 and face
person to whom a
legacy is

laurus
laurus tnus, i.e. laurus = laurel, tnus = wild
laurel
wash, lave
f. legate = bequeath, f. pp. of lgre =
depute, delegate
A263
bequeathed
LEGISLATOR
A263
lawful, regular
LEGITIMATE
A263
pert. to pulse; of
the pea and bean
A263 family
LEMMA , PL .
heading, title,
LEMMATA,
theme
LEGUMINOUS
LEMMAS
A263
softening, relaxing
LENIENT
A263
LENS
lgis ltor, i.e. lgis g. of lx = law, ltor =

proposer, mover, agent-noun f. ltus, pp. of
tollere = raise
lgitimtus, pp. of lgitimre = declare to be
lawful, legitimize, f. lgitimus, f. lx, lg- =
law
legminsus, f. legmen, -min- = pulse, bean
L. Gr. lemma, pl. lmmata = something
taken for granted or assumed, theme,
argument, title, f. lab- = base of lambnein =
take
lnins, -ent-, prp. of lnre = soothe, f. lnis
= soft, mild
lens = lentil
A263
LENTICULAR
A263
LEPORINE
lens- or lentishaped
hare-like
lenticulris, f. lenticula, dim. of lns, lent- =

lentil
lepornus, f. lepus, lepor- = hare
A263
LETHAL
A264
LEVATOR
A264
LEVIGATE
(anat.) muscle that

raises
make smooth
A264
LEVITATE
lethlis, f. lthum, var. of ltum = death, by

assoc. with Gr. lth = oblivion
agent-noun of levre = raise
f. pp. stem of lvigre, f. lvis = smooth +
-ig-, var. of base of agere = do, make
f. levis = light
A264
LEXICON
A265
LIBRATION
A265
LIGNEOUS
oscillation,
balancing
woody in texture
L. Gr. lexikn, n. sg. of lexiks = pert. to

words, f. lxis = phrase, word, f. lgein =
speak
lbrti, -n-, f. lbrre = balance, f. lbra =
pound, weight, scales
ligneus, f. lignum = wood
A266
neglect, oblivion
LIMBO
A266
legal proceedings
LITIGATION
A268
LITOTES
LITTORAL
LIXIVIUM
(rhet.) affirmative
expressed by the
negative of the
contrary, as a
citizen of no mean
A268 city
adj. pert. to the
A268 shore
lye
orig. in phr. in, out of limbo, repr. in, limb;

ltigti, -n-, f. ltigre, -t-, f. ls, lt- =
strife, lawsuit + agere = do
L. Gr. ltts, f. lts = single, simple,
meagre
littorlis, var. of ltorlis, f. ltus, ltor- =

shore
sb. use of n. of lixvius, f. lix = ashes, lye
A269
LOCHIA
A269
pert. to
locomotion;
moving by its own
A270 powers
LOCOMOTIVE
LOCUM TENENS
A270
LOGARITHM
A270
LONGEVITY
A271
LOQUACIOUS
L. Gr. lkhia, sb. use of n. pl. of lkhios =

pert. to childbirth, f. lkhos = lying-in
locmtvus, f. loc, abl. of locus = place +
mtvus = motive, after scholL. in loc
movr = movr locliter = move by change
of position in space
L. = one holding the place (of another), f.
locum, acc. of locus = place, and tenns, prp.
of tenre = hold
logarithmus, f. Gr. lgos = ratio + arithms =
number
longvits, f. longvus, f. longus = long +
vum = age
loqux, loquc-, f. loqu = speak, talk
A271
LUBRICATE
make slippery or
smooth
sportive, jocular;
A273 frivolous, witty
plague
f. pp. stem of lbricre, f. lbricus = slippery
A272
LUDICROUS
LUES
f. ldicrus, f. ldicrum = stage play, f. ldere

= play
L.
A273
doleful, mournuful
LUGUBRIOUS
f. lgubris, f. lgre = mourn
A273
lumbgo, f. lumbus = loin
LUMBAGO
A273
lnris, f. lna = moon
LUNAR
A273
LURID
wan and sallow,

sickly pale
of deep-yellow
A274 colour
lridus, f. lror = wan or yellowish colour
A273
LUTEOUS
LYCHNIS
A274
(rhet.) water; sap
LYMPH
f. lteus, f. ltum = yellow weed

L. Gr. lukhns = some red flower, f. lkhnos
= lamp
lympha
A274 , B277
M
applied to
burlesque verse in
which vernacular
words are mingled
with Latin in a
A275 latinized form
MAGISTERIAL
pert. to a master or
A276 magistrate
MAGISTRATE
justice of the peace
MACARONIC
A276
MAGMA
A276
thin pasty mixture

of substances
macarnicus It. macaronico
magisterilis, f. magisterius, f. magister =

master
magistrtus = magistracy, magistrate, f.
magistr- = master
L. Gr. mgma = thick unguent, f. base
magof mssein = knead
(spec. black m.)

manganese
MAGNESIA
A276
piece of
loadstone; piece of
iron or steel
having the same
attractive
A276 properties
MALTHA
bitumen, mineral
A278 pitch or tar
MALVACEOUS
pert. to the
A278 mallows
MAMILLA
nipple
MAGNET

silvery sheen
magnta, acc. of magns Gr. mgns, for
ho Mgns lthos = the Magnesian stone
L. Gr. mltha, mlth = mixture of wax

and pitch
f. malvceus, f. malva = mallow
dim. of mamma = breast, teat
A278
(anat.) breast in
mammals
MANDATE
commission or
contract by which
one acts for
A279 another
MANDUCATION
chewing
MAMMA
L. = mother, teat, breast
A279
A279
MANES
souls of the
departed, esp. as
A279 beneficent spirits
great enthusiasm,
A280 craze
handful
mandtum, sb. use of n. pp. of mandre =

enjoin, commit, f. manus = hand + dre =
give
mandcti, -n-, f. mandcre, f. mandc
= guzzler, f. mandere = chew
mns pl. perh. f. mnis, mnus = good
MANIPLE
A280 , B285
MANTIS
mani Gr. man, rel. to manesthai = be

mad
manipulus = handful, troop of soldiers, f.
manus = hand
L. Gr. mntis = prophet, diviner
MANTISSA
mantissa, -sa = makeweight
MANIA
insect which holds

its forelegs in a
position
suggesting hands
A281 folded in prayer
unimportant
A281 addition
martlis, f. martus = husband
MARITAL
A282
of or resembling a
pouch
MARSUPIAL
A283
chew
MASTICATE
A284
MATERIA MEDICA
A285
remedies used in
medicine
marspilis, f. marspium = pouch Gr.

marspion, marspion, dim. of mrsipos =
purse, bag
f. pp. stem of masticre Gr. mastikhan =
grind the teeth
L . tr. Gr. hl iatrik = healing material
mter, mtri- = mother, after patriarch
MATRIARCH
A285
MATRIX
enclosing mass
mtrix, -c- = pregnant animal, female used

for breeding, parent stem, womb, register, f.
A285
of the early
morning
MATUTINAL
A285
jaw, jawbone
MAXILLA
A286
MEATUS
passage, spec. in
anat.
pert. to machines;
skilled workman,
esp. having to do
A287 with machinery
be an intermediary
mter, mtr- = mother

mttnlis, f. mttnus, f. Mtta =
goddess of the dawn, rel. to mturus = early,
mature
maxilla, corr. to mla = cheek, as axila =
shoulder-blade to la = wing
L. = passage, course, f. mere = go, pass
A287
MECHANIC
MEDIATE

machine
f. pp. stem of medire, f. medius = mid
A287
MEDICAL
A287 , B293
MEDITERRANEAN
(of land) midland,

inland
A287
MEDIUM
A287
MEDULLA
intermediate
agency, means
marrow, pith
mediclis, f. medicus = physician, f. base of

medr = heal
mediterrneus = inland, in late L. applied to
the Mediterranean Sea, Mare
Mediterraneum, in which the orig. notion
may have been in the middle of the earth
rather than enclosed by land, f. medius = mid
+ terra = land, earth
medius = mid
medulla, perh. f. medius = mid
A287
MELIC
pert. to poetry
intended to be
A288 sung
MENDACIOUS
A289
MENOLOGY
MENSTRUUM
calendar, esp. of
the Orthodox
A289 Church
solvent
A289
offensive to the
smell, pestilential
MERETRICIOUS
characteristic of a
harlot, showily
A290 attractive
MERGE
plunge, immerse
MEPHITIC
melicus Gr. meliks, f. mlos = song

f. mendx, mendc- = prob. orig. speaking
incorrectly or falsely, f. mendum = defect,
fault
mnologium Gr. mnolgion, f. mn,
mno- = month + lgos = account
mnstruum, in class. L. only pl. menstrual
blood, sb. use of n. mnstruus, f. mnsis =
month. The sense solvent arose from the
alchemists view of the transmutation of base
metal into gold by a solvent liquid, which
they comapred to the action on sperm in
womb of the menstrual blood.
mephticus, f. mephtis = noxious, vapour
A289
meretrcius, f. meretrx, -trc- = harlot, f.

merre = earn money, serve for hire
mergere = dip, plunge
A290
METATARSUS
meta- + tarsus (Gr. tarss = flat of the foot)
A291
METATHESIS
A291
resembling millet
seed
MILLENNIUM
period of 1000
A293 years
MILIARY
L .- Gr. metthesis, f. metatithnai =

transpose
millirius, f. milium = millet
A293
MILLEPEDE
A293
MIME
MINIFY
MINIM
MINUTE
jester, buffoon;
farcical drama of
the Greeks and
A293 Romans
diminish in
A294 estimated size
single down stroke
A294 of the pen
very small, very
A295 precise
MISCELLANEOUS
A295
MISSILE
A296
MISSION
A296
MOB
A297
MODE
A297
MODULATE
adapted for
throwing; sb.
missile weapon
sending forth on a
service or with
authority; body of
persons sent;
commission,
errand
disorderly or
promiscuous
crowd; the
common mass of
people
(mus.) form of
scale; manner
regulate, adjust;
attune
A297
a wild garlic
MOLY
f. mille = thousand
millepeda = woodlouse, f. mille = thousand +
ps, ped- = foot
mmus Gr. mimos = imitator, actor
f. minor = less, minimus = least

minimus, -a, -um = least
f. miscellneus, f. miscellus = mixed, f.
miscre = mix
missilis, f. miss- , pp. stem of mittere = let
go, send
send
shortening of mobile vulgus = the excitable

or fickle crowd
modus = measure, size, manner, method,

tune
rhythm, make melody, f. modulus , dim. of
modus = mode
mly Gr. molu
A298
the number one
MONAD
A298
MONODY
MORBID
ode sung by a
single voice in
Greek tragedy;
mournful song,
A299 dirge
pert. to disease
monas, -ad- - Gr. mons = unit, f. mnos =

alone
mondia Gr. monid, f. mnos = mono+ id- = sing
morbidus, f. morbus = disease
A300
MUCUS
viscid or slimy
substance
pert. to brine;
marine acid,
A305 hydrochloric
building devoted
to learning and the
arts (regarded as a
home of the
Muses); building
for exhibition of
objects of art or
science (first
applied to Mr.
Ashmoles
Museum at
A305 Oxford)
soldier of a
bodyguard,
faithful follower;
unscrupulously
A306 faithful attendant
mcus, also muccus = mucus of the nose
A303
MURIATIC
MUSEUM
MYRMIDON
muriticus, f. muria = brine

msum = library, study Gr. mouseion =
seat of the Muses, sb. use of n. of mouseios,
f. mousa = muse
l. pl. Myrmidones Gr. Murmidnes, acc. to

legend created orig. from ants (mrmkes)
N
water-nymph
NAIAD
L. Gr. Nis, Niad-, rel. to nein = flow
A308
NARRATE
A309
(archit.) vestibule
extending across
the west end of a
A309 church
NASCENT
being born or
A309 produced
NASTURTIUM
genus of
cruciferous plants
having a pungent
A309 taste
NAUSEA
strong disgust
NARTHEX
A309
NAUTILUS
NAVE
NEBULA
cephalopod which
has webbed dorsal
arms formerly
believed to be
A309 used as sails
main body of a
A309 church
film over the eye
A310
f. pp. stem of narrre (f. gnrus = knowing)

or back-formation from narration
narthx Gr. nrthx = giant fennel, stick,
casket, narthex
nscns, -ent-, prp. of nsc = be born
L.
nausea, nausia Gr. naus, naut =

seasickness, nausea, f. naus = ship
L. Gr. nautlos = sailor, nautilus, f. nats =
sailor
spec. use of nvis = ship

nebula, rel. to OE., OS., OHG.
NEGOTIATE
A310
manage; convert
into money
command to go no
further; utmost
A311 limit
sea-nymph
NE PLUS ULTRA
NEREID
A311
NERVE
NESCIENCE
fibrous connection
conveying
sensation, etc.
between the brain
A311 and other parts
lack of knowledge
bond, link
nescientia, f. nescins, -ent-, prp. of nescre =

be ignorant, f. ne- + scre = know
f. nex-, pp. stem of nectere = bind
nest-building
ndificti, -n-, f. ndificre, f. ndus = nest
A311
NEXUS
A312
NIDIFICATION
A312
NIMBUS
NITID
f. pp. stem of negtir = carry on business, f.

negtium = business, f. neg- + tium =
leisure
L. phr. = not more beyond, said to have been
inscribed on the Pillars of Hercules (Strait of
Gibraltar)
Nreis, Nreid Gr. Nrs, Nrid-, f.
Nres = ancient sea-god, f. base of nre =
swim
nervus = sinew, bowstring
cloud-like
splendour
A313 investing a god
shining, glossy
nimbus = rain, cloud, aureole

nitidus, f. nitre = shine
A313
hard tumour; point

of intersection
NONDESCRIPT
(nat. hist.) not
A314 hitherto described
NORWEGIAN
NODE
ndus = knot, etc.
A314
A315
NOSTRADAMUS
seer
A315
NOSTRUM
NOVERCAL
medicine the
composition of
which is not made
public; patient
A315 remedy
stepmotherly
A316
NOXIOUS
A316
NUBILE
A316
NUDE
(of women)
marriageable
naked, unclothed
f. non- + dscriptus, pp. of dscrbere =

describe
f. Norvegia ON. Norvegr, f. noror = north
+ vegr = way, region
latinization of the name of Michel de
Nostredame, F. physician who published a
book of prophecies in rhyme
n. of noster = our; from the label nostrum =
of our own make, formerly attached to such
medicines
noverclis, f. noverca = stepmother, f. novus
= new
f. noxius, f. noxa = hurt, damage, rel. to nex =
slaughter, nocre = injure
nbilis, f. nbere = take a husband
ndus f. now(e)dos, nogwedos = naked
A316
worthless, useless
NUGATORY
A316
NUMEN
ngtrius, f. pp. stem of ngr = trifle, f.

ng = jests, trifles
nmen = divine will, divinity
A316
NUMMARY
A316
NUTATION
pert. to money or
coinage
nodding
A317
night-blindness
NYCTALOPIA
A317
nummrius, f. nummus = coin

ntti, -n-, f. ntre, ntt- = nod, f. base
of nuere = nod
L. Gr. nuktlps, f. nx, nukt- = night +
alas = blind + ps = eye
O
L. Gr. asis, presumably of Egypt. orig.
OASIS
A318
OBESE
A318
rebuke severly
OBJURGATE
A318
OBNOXIOUS
OBOL
OBSEQUIOUS
OBSIDIAN
hurtful, injurious,
offensive, highly
A319 objectionable
coin of ancient
A319 Greece
servilely
A319 compliant
volcanic glass
A319
OBSTREPEROUS
A319
unruly, turbulent
OBSTRUCT
A319
OBTURATE
A319
sb. face of a coin
OBVERSE
A319
OCCULT
OCTANT
OESTRUS
pert. to early
sciences held to
involve secret and
mysterious
A320 knowledge
eight part of a
circle; (spec.
astron.) point 45,
i.e. of 360
distant from
A320 another
gadfly
obsus = that has eaten himself fat, stout,

plump, f. ob- + sus, pp. of edere = eat
f. pp. stem of obiurgre, f. ob- + iurgre =
quarrel, scold, f. iurgium = quarrel, strife
obnoxisus or f. obnoxius = exposed to harm,
subject, liable, f. ob- + noxa = hurt, injury
obolus Gr. obols, var. of obels = obelisk
obsequisus, f. obsequium, f. obsequ =
comply with, f. ob- + sequ = follow
obsidinus, in earliest printed editions of
Plinys Natural History, for obsinus, so
named from its resemblance to a stone found
in Ethiopia by one Obsius
obstreperus, f. obstrepere = shout at, oppose
noisily, f. ob- + strepere = make a noise
f. pp. obstruct-, pp. stem of obstruere = build
against, block, up, f. ob- + struere = pile,
build
f. pp. stem of obturre, f. ob- + turre =
close up
obversus, pp. of obvertere = turn towards, f.
ob- + vertere = turn
occultus, pp. of occulere, f. oc- + base of
clre = conceal
octns, -ant- = half quadrant, f. oct = eight
L. Gr. oistros
A321
OFFICIOUS
importunate in
offering service;
A321
OGDOAD
OLFACTORY
ONUS
OPAQUE
official
the number 8,
A321 group of eight
pert. to the sense
A322 of smell
burden of
A323 responsibility
not transparent
ogdoas, -ad- Gr. ogdos, -ad-, f. gdoos =

eight, okt = eight
olfactrius, f. olfactre, frequent. of of
olfacere = smell, f. olre
L. = burden
opcus
A323
OPERATE
OPEROSE
produce an
effect; effect,
produce, bring
A323 about
laborious
f. opert-, pp. stem of operr = work,

bestow labour upon, f. oper- = opus
opersus, f. oper- = opus
A323
OPIATE
sb.
opitus
antagonist
oppnns, -ent-, prp. of oppnere = set

against, f. op- + pnere = place
opulns, -ent-, or opulentus, f. ops, pl. opes =
resources, wealth
rlis, f. s, r- = mouth
A323
OPPONENT
A324
OPULENT
abundantly
wealthy
pert. to the mouth
A324 or to speech
eyeball, eye
A324
ORAL
ORB
orbis = ring, round surface, disc
A325
path of a heavenly
body
ORBIT
A325
ORCHESTRA
in the ancient Gr.

theatre, semicircular area for
A325 the chorus
ORNITHOLOGY
A326
ORPHIC
A326
OSCITANT
A327
OSCULATE
A327
OSSIFRAGE
A327
OSSUARY
A327
pert. to Orpheus or
mysteries
associated with
him
gaping from
drowsiness
kiss; (techn.) bring
or come into close
contact
lammergeyer;
osprey
charnel-house,
bone-urn
OVARY
orbita = wheel-track, course, path, eyecavity, sb. use of fem. of orbitus = circular, f.
orbis, orb- = orb
orchstra Gr. orkhstr, f. orkheisthai =
dance
ornithologia, f. Gr. orntholgos = treating of
birds, f. rnis, orntho- = bird
Orphicus Gr. Orphiks, f. Orphes
prp. of oscitre = gape, perh. f. s = mouth +

citre = put in motion
f. pp. stem of sculr = kiss, f. sculum =
little or pretty mouth, kiss, hypocoristic dim.
of s = mouth
ossifragus, -fraga = bone-breaking, f. os, oss= bone + frag- = break
ossurium, f. ossua, var. of ossa, pl. of s =
bone
vrium, f. vum = egg
A328
OVATION
exultation
triumph, perh. f. Gr. euoi = exultant cry at the

Bacchanalia
A328
P
food, nutriment
PABULUM
pbulum, f. base p- of pscere = lead
A330
PAEON
PALIMPSEST
PALLIATE
(pros.) metrical
foot of four
syllables, one long
and three short,
named, acc. to the
position of the
long syllable, first,
second, third and
A330 fourth paeon
material prepared
for writing on and
A331 wiping out
disguise the
enormity or
offensiveness of;
A332 mitigate
pn Gr. pain
palimpsestus Gr. palmpsestos, f. plin =

again + psests, pp. formation on psen = rub
smooth
f. pp. stem of pallire, f. pallium, rel. to
palla = long wide outer garment of Roman
ladies
pallidus, rel. to pallre = be pale
PALLID
A332
PALLIUM
vestment worn by
the pope and
conferred by him
A332 on archbishops
PALMARY
A332
PALMIPED
A332
PALPABLE
having palmate
feet
evident, manifest

palmrius = that carries off the palm of
victory, f. palma = palm
palmips, -ped-, f. palma = palm + ps =
foot
A332
PALPITATE
A332
athletic contest
combining
wrestling and
A333 boxing
PANDEMONIUM
abode of all devils
PANCRATIUM
A333
PAPILIONACEOUS
A334
PAR
PARADOX
like a butterfly
equality of value,
equal footing;
recognized value
A334 of currency
phenomenon
conflicting with
f. pp. stem of palpitre, frequent. of palpre

= stoke
L. Gr. pankrtion, f. pan- + krtos =
strength, mastery
L. f. Gr. pan- + damn = demon
f. papli, -n- = butterfly
pr = equal
paradoxum, -doxon, sb. use of n. of

paradoxus Gr. pardoxos, f. para- + dxa
A335
PARAPHERNALIA
preconceived
notions
articles of personal
property which the
law allows a
married woman to
regard as her own
A336
assuaging pain
PAREGORIC
A336
PARERGON
PARHELION
(in painting)
something
subordinate to the
main theme;
subordinate piece
A336 of work
(astron.) mock sun
A337
PARISYLLABIC
A337
PARNASSIAN
A337
PATELLA
= opinion
paraphernlis, sb. use of n. pp. of
paraphernlia; sb. use of n. pl. of
paraphernlis, f. paraphera Gr. parphera
n. pl. = articles of property held by a wife
besides her dowry, f. para- + phern =
dowry, rel. phrein = bear
pargoricus Gr. pargoriks =
encouraging, soothing, f. pargorein =
console, soothe, f. para- = beside + gor-,
var. of agor- in agoreein = speak in the
assembly
L. = extra ornament in art Gr. prergon =
subordiante or secondary business
parlion Gr. parlion, f. para- + hlios =

sun
f. pari-, pr = equal, par + syllaba = syllable
of or belonging to
Parnassus, poetic
(anat.) knee-cap
f. Parnassus Gr. Parnasss = Parnassus,

mountain anciently sacred to the Muses
patella, dim. of patina = shallow dish
fatherly; derived
from ones father
paternlis, f. paternus, f. pater = father
A340
PATERNAL
A340
PATRONYMIC
A340
pert. to a peacock
PAVONINE
patrnymicus Gr. patrnumiks, f.

patrnumos = named from the father, f.
pater, patr- = father + numa, noma =
name
pvonnus, f. pav, -n- = peacock
A341
PECULATION
PECULIAR
wrongful
appropriation of
A342 property
uncommon, odd
A342
PEDICEL
(bot.) small stalk

of a plant
triangular gablelike part crowning
A342 a facade
pert. to the open
A343 sea, oceanic
transmitting light
A342
PEDIMENT
PELAGIC
PELLUCID
A343
PELVIS
f. pp. stem of peclr, rle. To peclium =

property,f. pecu = herd
pedicellus, f. pedculus, dim. of ps, ped- =
foot
pedament, pedement, refash. of periment,
prob. deformation of pyramid (L.)
pelagicus, f. pelagus = sea Gr. plagos
pellcidus, f. pellcere, perlcre = shine
through
pelvis = basin
A343
hanging down
PENDULOUS
pendulus, f. pendre = hang
A344
sb. use of n. of pendulus = pendulous
PENDULUM
A344
PENETRALIA
innermost parts
pl. of penetrle, f. stem of penetrre = place

within, enter within, f. penitus = inner,
inmost, into the inmost recesses
pnis = tail, rel. to Gr. pos, Skr. psa-
hanging, vaulted
pnsilis, f. pns-, pp. stem of pendre = hang
A344
PENIS
A344
PENSILE
A344
PENULTIMATE
A345
(astron.) partly
shaded region on
the edge of a total
A345 shadow
PERAMBULATION
bounds
PENUMBRA
f. pnultimus, f. pne = almost + ultimus =

last
f. pne = almost + umbra = shadow
perambulti, -n-, f. perambulre
A345
PERCOLATE
pass or cause to
pass through a
A345 porous substance
f. pp. stem of perclre, f. per- + colre =

strain, f. clum = sieve, strainer
f. perennis, f. per- + annus = year
PERENNIAL
A345
paragraph
PERICOPE
A346
PERNOCTATE
A347
PERSPECTIVE
pass the night,

spec. in prayer
drawing in
perspective
A347
PERTINACIOUS
A348
PERVADE
(arch.) pass
through; diffuse
A348 itself throughout
pericop Gr. perikop = section, f. peri- +

kop- = cut
f. pp. stem of pernoctre, f. per- + nox, noct= night
perspectva, sb. use of fem. of perspectvus,
f. perspect-, pp. stem of perspicere = look at
pertinx, -c-, f. per- + tenx, -ac-, f. tenre
= hold
pervdere, f. per- + vdere = go
pervius, f. per- + via + way
PERVIOUS
A348
PHALANX
A349
(anat.) joint of a
digit
L. Gr. phlagx
L. Gr. phalls
PHALLUS
A349
L. Gr. phrugx
PHARYNX
A349
PHENOMENON ,
PL . MENA
A349
thing or fact
perceived or
observed
PHILANTHROPY
A349
PHOSPHORUS
morning star;
phnomenon Gr. phainmenon, sb. use of

prp. pass. of phanein = show, pass. be seen,
appear
philanthrpia Gr. philanthrp, f.
philnthrpos, f. phil- + nthrpos = man
phsphorus Gr. phsphros = light-
PIACULAR
phosphorescent
substance; highly
inflammable nonmetallic element
luminous in the
A350 dark
pert. to expiation
A351
pillar
PIER
bringing, sb. morning star, f. -phos = light +

-phros = phore
piculris, f. piculum = expiation, f. pire =

appease, f. pius = pious
AL. pera or pra
A352
PIOUS
PISCARY
faithful to the
duties owed to
God, parents, etc.;
practised for the
sake of religion or
A354 a good object
fishing-ground
A354
mucous
PITUITARY
pius = pious
piscria = fishing rights, n. pl. use d sb. of

piscrius, f. piscis = fish
ptutrius, f. ptuta = mucus, gum
A355
PLACENTA
PLAGIARY
PLANE
(anat.) afterbirth;
(bot.) part of
carpel to which
A355 scales are attached
kidnapper;
plagiarist,;
A355 plagiarism
plane surface
A356
PLASTIC
A356 , B375
PLATONIC
A357
PLAUDIT
A357
PLEBEIAN
A357
PLECTRUM
characterized by
moulding or
modelling, causing
growth or
development
P. love, tr. amor
platonicus, used
synon. with amor
socraticus by
interest in young
men with which
Socrates was
credited
shortening of
plaudite, orig.
appeal for
applause at the
close of a play
of low birth or
rank
L. Gr. plakenta, accus. of plakeis = flat

cake
plagirius = kidnapper, literary thief, f.
plagium = man-stealing, kidnapping Gr.
plgion
plnum = flat surface, sb. use of n. of plnus
= plain
plasticus Gr. plastiks, f. plasts, ppl. adj.
f. plssein = fashon, form
Platnicus Gr. Platniks, f. Pltn
plaudit = applaud, 2nd pers. pl. imper. of

plaudere = clap the hands in approval
plbius, f. plbs, plb- = commonalty of

ancient Rome
plctrum Gr. plektron, f. plssein = strike
A357
(rhet.) redundancy
of expression
PLEONASM
A357
excessive quantity
PLETHORA
A357
PLEURA
A357
PLEXUS
A357
PLUM
A358
PLUMBAGO
A358
PLUS
A359
PLUVIAL
(anat.) membrane
lining the thorax
and enveloping the
lungs
(anat.) network of
fibres or vessels
dried grape or
raisin
yellow and red
oxides of lead
with the addition
of
(eccl.) cope
A359
POLEMIC
A360
POLITE
A360
POSIT
A363
POSSE
A363
POSTERIOR
A364
POSTHUMOUS
A364
POSTULATE
A364
PRAGMATIC
A365
PRECARIOUS
A366
disputatious,
controversial
of refined
courteous manners
(chiefly in pp.)
situate, place,
assume, lay down
as a basis
body of men that a
sheriff may call to
arms, armed force,
strong band
hinder; hinder
parts, buttocks
born after the
fathers death;
appearing or
occurring after
death
(geom.) problem
of self-evident
nature; proposition
claimed to be
granted
relating to affairs
of a state
(leg.) held by
anothers favour;
dependent on
chance
pleonasmus Gr. pleonasms, f. pleonzein

= be superfluous, f. plon = more, compar. of
pol = much
plthra Gr. plthr = fullness, repletion,
f. plthein = be full
L. Gr. pleur = side, rib
plexus, f. plex-, pp. stem of plectere =

interweave, plait
prna, orig. pl. of prnum = plum
plumbg = lead ore, leadwort, flea-wort, f.
plumbum = lead
pls = more
pluvile = rain-cloak, sb. use of n. of
pluvilis, f. pluvia, pluere = rain
polmicus Gr. polemiks, f. plemos = war
f. posit-, pp. stem of pnere = place
posse = be able; from posse comittus =

force of the county
posterior, compar. of posterus = following,
future, f. post = after
f. postumus = last of all, spec. applied as in
first sense, used as superl. of post = after,
later assoc. with humus = ground, humre =
bury
postultum, sb. use of n. pp. of postulre,
prob. f. base of poscere = demand
prgmaticus Gr. prgmatiks, f. prgma,

prgmat- = act, deed, affair
f. precrius, f. prex, prec- = entreaty, prayer
PRECATORY
A366
of the nature of
entreaty
prectrius, f. pp. stem of precr = pray
PRECENTOR
A366 , B68
PRECLUDE
A366
PRECOCIOUS
prcentor, f. prcent-, pp. stem of

prcinere, f. pr + canere = sing
prcldere, f. pr = pre- + claudere = shut
PREDICANT
prdicns, -ant-, prp. of prdicre = preach
flowering or
fruiting early;
prematurely
A366 developed
adj. preaching
f. prcox, -coc-, f. prcoquere = boil

beforehand, ripen fully, f. pr = pre- +
coquere = cook
A367
PREDICT
A367
verbal element
placed before and
in combination
A367 with another
PREMIUM
reward, prize; sum
to be paid in an
insurance policy,
A367 etc.
PREPONDERATE
weigh more or
A368 heavier
PRESBYTER
presbyterian
PREFIX
A368
predominate
PREVAIL
A369
PREVARICATE
act or speak
evasively
A369
PREVENIENT
A369
PREVIOUS
A369
PRIMAL
preceding, spec.
theol. of grace
coming or going
before
primitive
f. prdict-, pp. stem of prdcere, f. pr =

pre- + dcere = say
prfxum, sb. use of n. prfxus, pp. of
prfgere = fix in front
prmium = booty, reward, f. pr = pre- +
emere = buy, orig. take
f. pp. stem of prponderre, f. pr = pre- +
pondus, ponder- = weight
presbyter Gr. presbteros = in N. T. elder
of the Jewish sanhedrin, elder of the
apostolic church
f. pp. stem of prvricr = go crookedly,
deviate from the right path, practise
collusion, transgress, f. pr = pre- +
vrcre = spread the legs apart, straddle, f.
vrus = knock-kneed
prvenins, -ent-, prp. of prvenre =
precede, anticipate, hinder, f. pr = pre- +
venre = come
prvius, f. pr = pre- + via = way
prmlis, f. prmus = prime
A369
PRIMARY
A369
of the first order or

stage
PRIMEVAL ,
-AEVAL
A370
PRIMOGENITURE
A370
(optics)
PRISM
A370

prime
f. prmvus, f. prmus = prime, first
prmgenitra, f. prm, adv. of prmus =
prime, first + genitra = birth
prisma Gr. prisma, -mat- = lit. thing sawn,
f. przein = saw
PROBOSCIS
PRODIGY
PROFUSE
elephants trunk;
elongated part of
A371 insects mouth
marvel; one of
A371 precocious genius
very abundant
A372
forecast of the
course of a case of
A372 disease
PROGRAMME ,
Sc. public notice
U.S. PROGRAM
PROGNOSIS
A372
PROJECT
proposal for
execution
(geom.)
lengthened in the
direction of the
A372 polar axis
A372
PROLATE
PROLEGOMENA
A372
PROLETARIAN
pert. to the lowest

class of the people
A372
producing
offspring
PROLUSION
preliminary
attempt, essay, or
A373 dissertaion
PROMISCUOUS
of mixed or
disorderly
character
PROLIFIC
L. Gr. probosks = lit. means of providing

food, f. pro- + bskein = cause to feed
prdigium, f. prd-, var. of pro- + an el. of
uncert. orig.
prfsus, adj. use of pp. of prfundere =
pour forth, f. pro- + fundere = pour
prognsis Gr. prgnsis, f. progignskein
= know beforehand
programma Gr. prgramma = public
written notice, f. progrphein = write
publicly, f. pro- + grphein = write
priectum, n. of pp. of pricere = throw
forth, expel, f. pro- + iacere = throw
prltus, used as pp. of prferre = bring
forward, produce, f. pro- + ferre, ltum =
carry
pl. of prolegomenon Gr. prolegmenon, n.
of prp. pass. of prolgein = say beforehand,
f. pro- + lgein = say
prltrius = Roman citizen of the lowest
class under the constitution of Servius
Tullius, one who served the state not with his
property but only with his offspring;
common, low, f. prltus = provided with
offspring, f. prls = offspring
prlificus, f. prls = offspring
A372
prlsi, -n-, f. pp. stem of prldere =

carry out preliminary exercises, f. pro- +
ldere = play
prmiscuus, f. pro- + miscre = mix
A373
PRONE
lying flat
drive forward
prpellere, f. pro- + pellere = drive
render propitious
f. pp. stem of propitire, f. propitius =

favourable, gracious
L. Gr. prpolis = suburb, bee-glue, f. pro+ plis = city
A373
PROPEL
A373
PROPITIATE
A373
bee-glue, resinous
substance with
which bees line
A373 their hives
PROPRIETARY
grantee of one of
certain Amer.
colonies;
PROPOLIS
proprietrius, f. propriets = property
A374
proprietorship
PROSCENIUM
in the ancient
proscnium Gr. prosknion, f. pro- + skn
theatre, space
= scene
between
background and
A374 orchestra
PROSCRIBE
denounce, interdict prscrbere = publish in writing, f. pro- +
A374
scrbere = write
PROSPECT
spectacle, scene;
prspectus = look-out, view, f. prspicere, f.
A374 mental vista
pro- + specere = look
PROSTITUTE
sb.
prstittus, pp. of prstituere = expose
publicly, offer for sale, prostitute, f. pro- +
A374
statuere = set up, place
PROTASIS
first part of a
L. Gr. prtasis = proposition, problem,
play; (gram.)
etc., f. protenein = put forward, tender, f.
introductory clause pro- + tenein = stretch
A374 of a sentence
PROTRUDE
prtrdere, f. pro- + trdere = press, thrust
A375
PROTUBERANT
A375
coming next
PROXIMATE
A375
PRURIENT
A376
PSYCHE
itching, having an
itching desire
soul, spirit, mind
A376
PUDENDUM , PL .
ENDA
A376
private parts
PULLULATE
sprout
A377
soft formless mass
PULP
prp. of prtberre, f. pro- + tber = bump,

swelling
proximtus, pp. of proximre = approach, f.
proximus = nearest, super. of proque, var. of
prope = near
prrins, -ent-, prp. of prrre = itch, long,
be wanton
psch Gr. pskh = breath, soul, life, rel.
to pskhein = breathe, blow
pudenda, sb. use of n. sg. and pl. of
pudendus, gerundive of pudet = it is
shameful
f. pp. stem of pullulre = spring forth, grow,
f. pullulus, dim. of pullus = young of an
animal, chick
pulpa
A377
PYLORUS
(anat.) opening
from the stomach
A379 into the duodenum
PYRE
pylrus Gr. pulrs, pulours = gatekeeper, f. pl = gate + ouros = watcher,

warder
pyra Gr. pur, f. pur, pur- = fire
A379
PYRRHIC
(pros.) foot
consisting of two
A380 short syllables
pyrrichium Gr. purrhkhios, f. purrhkh =

war dance
Q
QUA
A381
QUADRAGESIMAL
in the capacity or
status of
(of a fast) lasting
forty das; of Lent,
qu, abl. sg. fem. of qu = who

quadrgsimlis, f. Quadrgsima, name of
the first Sunday in Lent and reckoned the
Lenten
A381
small block of
metal used for
A381 spacing
QUADRENNIAL
occuring every
four years; lasting
A381 for four years
QUADRAT
QUADRUPED
A381 , B358
QUARANTINE
QUARTO
QUASI
(leg.) period of
forty days during
which a widow
had the right to
remain in her
husbands chief
A382 mansion house
book made up of
paper produced by
folding a whole
sheet twice so as
to form four
A382 leaves (8 pages)
(a) kind of
A382
adj. consisting of
four things
QUATERNARY
A382
quire of four
sheets
QUATERNION
A382
QUERY
fortieth day before Easter, and hence the

whole season, sb. use of fem. of
quadrgsimus = fortieth, ordinal of
quadrgint = forty, f. quadr-, repr. old n.
of quattuor = four + -gint, corr. to Gr.
-konta
quadrtum, sb. use of n. of quadrtus, pp. of
quadrre = square
f. quadr(i)ennium
quadrups, -ped-, f. quadru- = four + ps =
foot
qua(d)rantna, f. quadranta, for quadrgint
= forty
orig. in phr. in quarto = in a fourth

quater = four times, f. base of quattuor =
four
quaterni, -n-, f. quatern = four together, f.
four
anglicization of quere
A383
QUIBBLE
play on words;
equivocating or
A383 evasive speech
QUIESCENT
A383
death
QUIETUS
f. synon. quib, app. f. quibus (d. and abl. pl.

of qu, qu, quod = who)
quiscns, -ent-, prp. of quiscere = be still,
f. quis = quiet
short for quitus est = he is quit
A383
of the number five
QUINARY
A384
QUINCUNX
arrangement of
five objects so
placed that four
occupy the corners
qunrius, f. qun, distributive of quinque =

five
quincunx = five-twelfths, f. quinque = five +
uncia = twelfth
A384
QUINQUAGESIMA
A384
QUINQUENNIAL
A384
QUINTILLION
A384
QUITS
A384
QUORUM
A385
QUOTA
A385
QUOTE
A385
and the fifth the

centre
Sunday
immediately
preceding Lent
occurring every
fifth year
fifth power of a
million; (U.S.)
sixth power of a
thousand
even (with) by
repayment or
retaliation
fixed number of
persons whose
presence is
necessry in the
transaction of
business
part or share of a
total
repeat ( a passage)
from a book
sb. use of fem. of quinqugsimus = fiftieth,

f. quinqugint = fifty
f. quinquennis, f. quinque- + annus = year
f. quintus = fifth + (m)illion
prob. colloq. use of quittus = quit

g. pl. of qu = who; taken from the wording
of commissions designation such persons,
quorum vos...duos (etc.) esse volumus = of
whom we will that you be...two (etc.)
quota, sb. use of fem. of quotus = of what
number, f. quot = how many
quota = quota
R
furious, raging
RABID
rabidus, f. rabere = rave, be mad
A386
RADICAL
RADIUS
RAMOSE
going to the root

or origin,
thorough; sb.
A386 radical element
thicker and shorter
bone of the
forearm; straight
line drawn from
the centre of a
circle to the
A386 circumference;
branching
radius = staff, spoke, ray, radius of a circle,

of the arm
rmsus, f. rmus = branch
A387
rancidus, f. rancre = be putrid
RANCID
A388
f. rapx, rapc- = f. rapere = snatch
RAPACIOUS
A388
RAPID
A388
RATIO
A389
moving with great

speed
relation of one
quantity to another
rapidus = lit. carrying along or away, f.

rapere = seize, carry off quickly or violently
rati, -n- = reckoning, judgment,
understanding, reasoning, method, motive, f.
rat-, pp. stem of rr = think, reckon
(math.); agreable
to reason,
reasonable
RATIONAL
A389
RECENSION
A392
RECIPROCAL
A392
RECLINE
A392 , B229
RECOLLECT
A392
RECOMMEND
A392
RECONDITE
A392
RECRIMINATE
A393
RECTILINEAR

reckon
enumeration,
recnsi, -n-, f. recnsre = reckon, survey,
survey
review, revise, f. re- + cnsere = assess,
appraise
corresponding to
reciprocus = moving backwards and
eachother; (gram.) forwards, alternating recoprocos, f. recos +
reflexive
procos, f. re- and pro=
rest in a recumbent reclnre = bend back, lay aside, recline, f.
position
re- + clnre = lean
summon up (ones f. recollect-, pp. stem of recolligere = collect
spirits, courage,
again, f. re- + colligere = collect
etc.)
mention or
recommendre, f. re- + commendre =
introduce with
commend
approval; make
acceptable
hidden away;
reconditus, pp. of recondere = put away,
removed from
hide, f. re- + condere = hide
ordinary
understanding or
knowledge
retort an
f. pp. stem of recrminre, f. re- + crminr
accusation, accuse = accuse, f. crmen, crmin- = accusation
in return
f. rctilneus, f. rctus = right + lnea = line
A393
RECUMBENT
A393
restore (esp. in
health)
REDUNDANT
charcterized by
superfluity or
A394 excess
REFLECT
throw back
(beams, etc.), turn
ones thoughts
upon; cast
A394 , B162 reproach
REFRACT
deflect the course
A395 of (light, etc.)
RECUPERATE
A393
REGNAL
recumbns, -ent-, prp. of recumbere =

recline, f. re- + cumbere, f. nasalized stem
corr. to cubre = recline, lie in bed
occupre = occupy)
redundns, -ant-, pp. of redundre =
overflow, f. red- + undre = be agitated,
surge, f. unda = wave
reflectere, f. re- + flectere = bend
f. refract-, pp. stem of refringere, f. re- +

frangere = break
regnlis, f. rgnum = reign
A396
REGNANT
reigning, ruling
rgnns, -ant-, prp. of rgnre = reign
petty king
A396
REGULUS
A396
REGURGITATE
A396
gush back again
REIMBURSE
A396
RELATE
RELAX
bring into
connection or
A396 comparison
make less strict
f. pp. stem of regurgitre, f. re- + gurgitre =

engulf, f. gurges, -git- = whirlpool
f. re- + imburse = put into a purse, pay
imbursre, f. im- + bursa = purse
f. stem of reltus, fuctioning as pp. of referre
= refer
A396
struggling,
resisting
REMIT
put off, transmit;
A397 intr. abate
REMONSTRATE
point out (a fault)
to; raise an
objection to; urge
strong reasons
A398 against
RENEGUE
revoke at cards
RELUCTANT
A397
reluctns, -ant-, prp. of reluctr = struggle

against, f. re- + luctr = struggle
f. pp. stem of remnstrre = demonstrate, f.
re- + mnstrre = show
renegre, f. re- + negre = deny
A398
REPATRIATE
A398
RESCIND
take away,
remove, abrogate,
A400 cancel
RETALIATE
A401
RETICENCE
A401
RETORT
maintanance of
silence
reply in kind to
A402
RETROSPECT
A402
REVOLVE
A403
RHAPSODY
A403
RHODIUM
A403
regard or reference
to some fact, etc.;
survey of the past
cause to travel in
an orbit
extravagant
effusion
rosewood
(Convolvulus)
RHODODENDRON
A404
RIGID
A405 , B423
ROSICRUCIAN
precise in method
member of a
society reputed to
have been founded
in 1484 by
Christian
f. pp. stem of repatrire = go back home, f.

re- + patria = native land
rescindere, f. re- + scindere = cut or tear
asunder
f. pp. stem of retalire, f. re- + tlis = of such
a kind
reticentia, f. reticre = keep silent, f. re- +
tacre = be silent
f. retort-, pp. stem of retorqure, f. re- +
torqure = twist
f. retrspect-, pp. stem of retrspicere = look
back, f. retro- + spicere = look
rhapsdia Gr. rhapsid, f. rhapsids =
rhapsodist, f. rhptein = stitch + id = song
n. of rhodius = rose-like, f. Gr. rhdon = rose
rhododendron = oleander Gr.
rhoddendron, f. rhdon = rose + dndron =
tree
rigidus, f. rigre = be stiff
L. tr. of which, viz. rosa crucis or crux i.e. =
rose of the cross, is the basis of the name
A408
ROSTRUM
Rosenkranz
beak of a galley
A408
ROTA
political club
founded in 1659
by J. Harrington,
which advacated
rotation in the
offices of
government;
rotation, routine;
supreme court for
A408 all causes
rota = wheel
S
SABBATARIAN
f. sabbatrius = Jew, f. sabbatum Gr.

sbbaton Heb. = rest
SABBATH
sabbatum Gr. sbbaton Heb. abbth, f.

bath = rest
SACCHARINE
pert. to the
observance of the
Sabbath; sb.
observer of the
Lords Day as a
A412 Sabbath
midnight meeting
of demons and
A412 witches
sugary
saccharum = sugar
A412
SAGACIOUS
of acute
perception, esp. of
smell; gifted with
A413 mental discernment
f. sagx, sagc-, f. sag-, repr. by sgre =

discern acutely
f. salx, salc-, f. base of salre = leap
SALACIOUS
A414
SALIENT
A414
jetting forward,
pointing outward

salva
SALIVA
A414
leaping, dancing
SAL VOLATILE
saltti, -n-, f. saltre = dance, frequent. of

salre = leap
salv, abl. of n. of salvus = uninjured, intact,
safe, occuring as the first word of law phr.
such as salvo jure = without prejudice to the
right of
sl voltile = salt volatile
SANDARAC
sandaraca Gr. sandark(h)
SALTATION
A415
saving clause;
dishonest mental
reservation
SALVO
A415
SANE
aromatic solution
of ammonium
A415 carbonate
resin of a N.W. Afr.
A416 tree; bee-bread
sound in mind
A416
snus
bloody;
bloodthirsty
SAPID
savoury, palatable,
A416 having a taste
SARCOPHAGUS
stone reputed by
the ancient Greeks
to consume corpses
and hence used for
A417 coffins
SASINE
(Sc. law) giving
possession of
A417 feudal property
SATIATE
surfeit, glut
SANGUINARY
sanguinrius, f. sanguis, sanguin- = blood
A416
sapidus, f. sapere = have a taste, be sensible

or wise
L. Gr. sarkophgos, sb. use of adj. f. srx,
sark- = flesh + -phgos = -eating
var. of seisin, after law-L. sasina

f. pp. stem of satire, f. satis = enough
A418
SATURATE
A418
SCABROUS
A419
SCALE
A419
SCAPE
A420
SCARUS
cause to combine
with the utmost
quantity of another
substance
rough with minute
points
graduated
instrument; relative
dimension,
standard of
measurement
(bot.) long flowerstalk rising from
the root
parrot-fish
f. pp. stem of saturre, f. satur = full,

satiated
(pros.) choliamb
scazn Gr. skzn, sb. use of f. prp. of

skzein = limp, halt
f. scaber, scabr-, f. scabis = roughness, f.

scabere = scratch, scrape
scla usu. pl. steps, staircase, ladder, f. base
of scandere = climb
scpus, Gr. skapos, rel. to Gr. skeptron =

sceptre
L. Gr. skros
A421
SCAZON
A421
SCENE
SCHEME
SCHOLASTIC
stage of a theatre;
view of an action,
place, etc.; episode,
A421 situation in real life
diagram;
analytical or
tabular statement;
A421 plan, design
pert. to education
in schools; sb.
schoolman
A421
minute particle
SCINTILLA
schma Gr. schema = form, figure

skhlol = leisure
L. = spark
A422
smatterer
SCIOLIST
A422
pert. to scurvy
SCORBUTIC
A423
f. sciolus, dim. f. scius = knowing, f. base of

scre = know
scorbticus, f. scorbtus = scurvy
slag, clinkers
SCORIA
scria = dross Gr. skr, f. skor = dung
A423
SCULPIN
any of several
spiny fishes
living or lasting for
A427 an age or for ages
closed vehicle for
one person carried
by means of two
A427 poles
adj.
A425
SECULAR
SEDAN
SEDATE
A427
SEDERUNT
A427
SENILE
sitting of an
assembly
pert. to old age
alt. of scorpene scorpna Gr. skrpaina,

f. skorpos = scorpion
sella = saddle
sdtus, pp. of sdre = settle, assuage,

calm, f. sd- sed-, as in sedre = sit
sb. use of sdrunt = (there) sat, 3rd pl. pt.
indic. of sedre = sit
senlis, f. sen- of senex = old
A429 , B447
SENSATION
sensati, -n-, f. snsus = sense
SEQUACIOUS
f. sequx, sequci-, f. sequ = follow
SERENE
operation of any of
the senses, physical
A429 feeling
given to following
A429 another (slavishly)
(of persons) calm,
A430 untroubled
notched like a saw
seris = row, chain, series, f. serere = join,

connect
serrtus, f. serra = saw
watery animal fluid
serum = whey, watery fluid
SERIES
A430
SERRATE
sernus = clear, fair, calm
A430
SERUM
A430
SEXTANT
SHRINE
(astron.) instrument sextns, -ant- = sixth part, f. sextus = sixth

resembling a
quadrant having a
graduated arc equal
A432 to of a circle
temple, church
scrnium = case or chest for books or papers
A437
SIBILANT
A438
ape-like
SIMIAN
A439
SIMULATE
A439
SIMULTANEOUS
A439
SINECTURE
SINUS
benefice without
cure of souls;
position with
emolument but
A440 without duties
(bot., anat.) cavity,
sbilns, -ant-, prp. of sbilre = hiss,

whistle, f. sbilus = whistling, sound
smia = ape, perh. f. smus Gr. sms =
snub-nosed, flat-nosed
pp. stem of simulre, f. similis = similar
f. simul = at the same time, prob. after
instantaneous or momentaneous
(beneficium) sine cra (sine = without, cra
= care)
sinus = semicircular fold, bosom, bay
A440
SISYPHEAN
SKUA
depression
useless and
ineffective like the
toil of the
legendary Sisyphus
A441 in Hades
predatory gull
A442
climbing shrub
SMILAX
f. Ssypheius Gr. Sspheios, f. Ssuphos
skua Faroese skgvur = ON. skufr, of

unknown orig.
smlax Gr. smilax = bindweed
A442
SOCINIAN
SOL
(pert. to) a member

of a heretical sect
denying the
divinity of Jesus
A447 Christ
(her.) or
Socininus, f. Socinus, latinization of

Soz(z)ini, surname of two It. theologians of
16th cent.
sl = sun
A448
razon-fish
SOLEN
sln Gr. sln = channel, pipe, shellfish
A448
sliloquium, f. slus = sole + loqu = speak
SOLILOQUY
A448
SOLIPED
A448 , B473
SONOROUS
A449
SPICATE
SPIRAEA
SPLANCHNIC
animal with
uncloven hoof
(bot.) having a
spike-like
A453 inflorescence
genus of rosaceous
A454 plants
pert. to the viscera
A454
SPONSION
A455
solemn or formal
engagement
SPONTANEOUS
A455
SPORADIC
A455
not genuine
SPURIOUS
soliped, -ps, or solidips, f. solidus = solid

+ ps = foot
f. sonrus, f. sonor, sonr- = sound
spctus, pp. of spcre = furnish with
spikes, f. spca = spike
spra Gr. speiraa, f. speira = spire
splanchnicus Gr. splagkhniks, f.
splgkhnon, usus. pl. -a = inward parts
sponsi, -n-, f. pp. stem of spondre =
promise solemnly
f. spontneus, f. (su) sponte = of (ones)
own accord
sporadicus Gr. sporadiks, f. spors, -ad= scattered, dispersed, f. base of spors =
sowing, seed
f. spurius = illegitimate, false
A456
sptum, sb. use of n. pp. of spuere = spit
SPUTUM
A456
scaly
SQUAMOSE
squmsus, f. squma = scale
A456
STADIUM
STAGNANT
course for footracing; stage of a

A457 process
(of liquid) that is
at rest in a vessel;
A458 not moving
L. Gr. stdion, earlier spdion =

racecourse, f. span = draw
stagnns, -ant-, prp. of stagnre, f. stagnum
= pool
STALACTITE
STAMEN
STAMINA
STATE
icicle-like deposit
of carbonate of
lime pendent from
A458 a cave-roof
warp, thread;
(bot.) male or
fertilizing organ of
A458 a plant
natime elements
or rudiments of a
A458 thing
statement
A459
STENTORIAN
STIPULATE
loud like the voice

of Stentor, a Greek
warrior in the
A461 Trojan war
make a contract;
specify or require
A463 as a condition
stalactts, f. Gr. stalakts = dropping,

dripping, f. stalak-, base of stalssein = drip,
let drip
stmen = warp, thread of warp, stamen, corr.
to Gr. stmn = warp, stema = part of a plant
stmina, pl. of stmen = warp, thread of
warp, stamen, corr. to Gr. stmn = warp,
stema = part of a plant
f. Stentor, after stentoreus, Gr. stentreios
f. pp. stem of stipulr

L. Gr. strabisms, f. strabzein = squint, f.
strabs = twisted, squinting
STRABISMUS
A464
STRAMONIUM
A465
STRAP
(bot.) plant of the

genus Datura
strop in naut. use
stram(m)onium, poss. alt. of Tatar turman =

medicine for horses
var. of strappus, stroppus
small groove,
narrow stripe
binding, tight
closure; touch,
slight trace;
incidental
comment; adverse
criticism
making a harsh
noise
astringent, styptic;
compelling assent
scrofulous
swelling, goitre
(archit.) basement
supporting a row of
columns
sb., esp. subaltern
officer in the army
underlying
stria = furrow, grooving
A465
STRIA
A466
STRICTURE
A466
STRIDENT
A466
STRINGENT
A466
STRUMA
A467
STYLOBATE
A468
SUBALTERN
A469
SUBJACENT
A469
SUBLIMATE
act upon so as to
produce a refined
strictra, f. strict-, pp. stem of stringere =

draw tight
stridns, -ent-, prp. of strdere = creak

stringent-, prp. stem of stringere = bind
L. Gr. stulobts, f. stulos = pillar + -bats,
f. base of banein = walk
subalternus, f. sub- + alternus, f. alter = one
or other of two
subiacns, -ent-, prp. of subiacre, sub- +
iacre = throw
f. pp. stem of sublmre, f. sublmis, -us, f.
sub- + lmen, lmin- = threshold
A469
product
submergere, sub- + mergere = dip, plunge
SUBMERGE
A469
(eccl. leg.)
misrepresentation
A469 of the truth
SUBSCRIBE
promise over ones
A469 signature to pay
SUBSERVIENT
serving as an
instrument or
A469 means
subrepti, -n-, f. subripere, f. sub- + repere

= creep
SUBSIDE
subsdere, f. sub- + sdere = settle, sink
SUBREPTION

subservins, -ent-, prp. of subservre, f. sub+ servre = serve
A469
SUBSIST
provide for
subsistere = stand still or firm, f. sub- +

sistere = stand
pp. of substernere, f. sub- + sternere = lay or
throw down
f. subterrneus, f. sub- + terra = earth
substitute
n. of succdneus, f. succdere = come close

after, go under up, go near, go on well, f.
sub- + cdere = go
succentor, f. succinere = sing the
accompaniment to, f. sub- + canere = sing
A469
SUBSTRATUM
A470
SUBTERRANEAN
A470
SUCCEDANEUM
A470
SUCCENTOR
SUCCUBUS
one who takes up

the chant after the
precentor;
A470 precentors deputy
strumpet
A470
juicy
SUCCULENT
succubus, m. form with fem. meaning; corr.

to succuba, f. sub- + cub- = lie down
succulentus, f. succus = juice
A470
SUCTION
A470
SUDARIUM
A470
SUDORIFIC
napkin for wiping

the face
promoting sweat
scti, -n-, f. sct-, pp. stem of sgere =

suck
sdrium, f. sdor = sweat
sdrificus, f. sdor = sweat
A471
SUPERABLE
A472
SUPERANNUATED
A472
SUPERFINE
A473
SUPERHUMAN
A473
SUPERINTEND
A473
SUPERNUMERARY
A473
SUPERVENE
A473
disqualified or
impaired by age
extremely fine
superbilis, f. superre = overcome, f.

superf. superannutus, alt. of superanntus, f.
super- + annus = year
superfnus,f. super- + fnus = fine
superhmnus, f. super- + hmnus =
human
superintendere, f. super- + intendere =
extend, direct, intend, f. in- + tendere =
stretch, tend
supernumerrius, f. super numerum, super+ numerus
supervenre, super- + venre = come
SUPERVISE
have the oversight

of
action of turning
the hand or fore
limb so that the
back of it is
downward or
A473 backward
mentally or morally
A473 innert
at Oxford
University, present
a formal petition
A473 for a degree
secrete pus
A473
SUPINATION
SUPINE
SUPPLICATE
SUPPURATE
f. supervs-, pp. stem of supervidre, f.

super- + vidre = see
supnti, -n-, f. supnre, f. supnus =
supine
supnus, f. sup- repr. in super = above,

superus = higher, superior
f. pp. stem of supplicre, f. sub- + plic- =
bend
f. pp. stem of supprre, f. sub- + ps = pus
A474
SURAL
A474
SURREPTITIOUS
pert. to the calf of

the leg
obtained by stealth
A475
deputy, spec. of a
judge, bishop
SURROGATE
A475
SUSCEPTIBLE
SYLLABUS
SYLPH
SYMBOL
capable of
undergoing of
A475 being affected by
pl. -bi, -buses;
concise statement
of table of heads of
A478 a discourse
one of a race of
beings supposed to
A478 inhabit the air
written character
A478
SYNOPSIS
f. sra = calf
f. surrepttius, cius, f. surrept-, pp. stem of
surripere = seize secretely, make false
suggestions, f. sub- + rapere = seize
surrogtus, var. of subrogtus, pp. of
subrogre = put in anothers place, f. sub- +
rogre = ask, ask for or propose the
appointment of
susceptibilis, f. suscept-, pp. stem of
suscipere, f. sub- + capere = take
syllabus, originating in a misprint in early
editions of syllabos for sittbas, in Ciceros
Letters to Atticus, acc. pl. of sittyba Gr.
sittb = title-slip or label
pl. sylphes and syplhi, G. pl. sylphen
watchword, f. sym- + bol-, as in bol, blos
= a throw
L. Gr. snopsis, f. syn- + psis = view
A479
fluid of the joints in

the body
SYNTAX
orderly
arrangement of
parts; (gram.)
arrangement of
words in their
appropriate forms
A479 , B511 and order
SYNTHESIS
proceeding from
SYNOVIA
A479
synovia, sinovia, an invention, perh.

arbitrary, of Paracelsus
syntaxis Gr. sntaxis, f. suntssein, f. syn+ tssein = arrange
L. Gr. snthesis, f. suntithnai, f. syn- +
A479
SYRINGA
SYRINX
SYSTALTIC
cause to effect
shrub of the genus
A479 Philadelphus
Pan-pipe; narrow
rock-cut channels
A479 or tunnels
pert. to contraction
A479
SYSTEM
A479 , B491
SYZYGY
(astron.)
conjunction,
(now) conjunction
and opposition of
A479 two celestial bodies
tithnai = place, put

syringa, f. Gr. surigx, surigg- = pipe
L. Gr. surigx = pipe, tube, channel
systalticus Gr. sustaltiks, f. sy- + stalts,
f. stllein, stal- = place
systma Gr. sstma = organized whole, f.
sy- + sta- = stand
szygia Gr. suzug = yoke, pair,
conjunction, f. szugos = yoked, paired, f.
sy- + zug- = yoke
T
TABES
slow emaciation
tbs
of the form of a
tablet or slab
tabulris, f. tabula = table
A480
TABULAR
A480
tacitus, prop. pp. of tacre = be silent
TACIT
A480
sense of touch
TACT
A480 , B513
TACTILE
A480
TECHNIC ,
TECHNICAL
A484
TEMPER
A485
TENDENCY
A486
TENEBRAE
pert. to art or an art technicus Gr. tekhniks, f. tkhn = art,

craft
mental balance
Holy Week
devotion at which
candles lighted at
the beginning are
successively put
A486 out
TENET
A486
drawn tight
TENSE
tactus = touch, f. tag-, base of tangere =

touch
tactilis, f. tact-, pp. stem of tangere = touch

tendentia, f. tendns, -ent-, prp. of tendere =
stretch
L. = (pl.) darkness
tenet = he holds, 3rd. pres. sg. of tenre =

hold
tensus, pp. of tendere = stretch, tend
A486
TENTATIVE
A486
TENUIS
(phon.) voiceless
stop
boring mollusc,
A487 esp. ship-worm
tenttvus, f. pp. stem of tentre, var. of

temptre = feel, try
tenuis = thin
A486
TEREDO
terd Gr. terdn, f. base ter- of terein =

rub hard, wear away, bore
smooth and round
TERETE
teres, teret-
A487
TERRAQUEOUS
f. terraqueus, f. terra = earth + aqua = water
TERRIFIC
terrificus, f. terrre = frighten
composed of,
living in, land and
water, chiefly in t.
A487 globe
causing terror
A487
smoothed,
polished, neat;
A487 polite, refined
TESSELLATED
formed with a
mosaic pattern
TERSE
A488
small quadrilateral
tablet, esp. as used
in mosaic; (hist.)
square tablet on
which watchword,
etc. was written;
(gen.) symbol,
A488 token
(zool.) having a
A488 shell; shell-like
(anat.) testicle
TESSERA
TESTACEOUS
TESTIS
tersus, pp. of tergre = wipe

f. tesselltus, f. tessela, dim. of tessera Gr.
tssera, n. of tsseres, Ionic var. of tssares =
four
tessera Gr. tssera, n. of tsseres, Ionic var.
of tssares = four
f. testceus, f. testa = tile, earthen pot, shell

L.
A488
TESTUDO
A488
TEXTILE
A488 , B524
TEXTURE
A488
THECA
A489
THEODOLITE
A489
THEOSOPHY
A489
THESIS , PL .
THESES
screen for the

protection of
armed forces
adj. and sb. woven
(fabric)
character of a
textile fabric, also
fig.
receptacle, cell,
case
portable surveying
instrument for
measuring angles
system of
philosophical
speculation basing
the knowledge of
nature on that of
the divine nature
(theme of) a
dissertation
testd = tortoise, f. testa = tile, pot, shell

textilis, f. pp. stem of texere = weave
textra, f. text-, pp. stem of texere = weave
thca Gr. thk = case, cover
theodelitus
theosophia Gr. theosoph, f. thes = god +
sophs = wise
thesis Gr. thsis = placing, setting, f. the- ,

A490
TIARA
A493
popes triple crown tira Gr. tira, tiras, partly through It.
tiara
TINCTURE
TINEA
TIRO , TYRO
TITAN
TITILLATE
essential principle tinctra = dyeing, f. tinct-, pp. stem of

of a substance;
tingere = dye, tinge
solution of a
A494 medicinal principle
ringworm
tinea = gnawing worm, moth, worm in the
A494
body
beginner, novice
tr, pl. trnes, also tr, -ns- = young
A495
soldier, recruit, beginner
pl. family of
giants, born of
Ttn, pl. Ttanes
Uranus and Gaea,
sg. ancestor of
A495 these
tickle
f. pp. stem of ttillre
A495
TITTLE
to a t. = with
minute exactness
closely covered
A497 with down
(path.) gouty
A498 deposit
benumbed, lacking
animation or
A498 vigour
poisonous
titulus = title
A495
TOMENTOSE
TOPHUS
TORPID
TOXIC
torpidus, f. torpre = be sluggish
transliterate
cut across
f. trans- + sect-, pp. stem of secre = cut
fig. (impale upon a

sharp point)
f. transfix-, pp. stem of transfigere, f. trans+ figere = fix, fasten

transins, -ent-, prp. of transre = pass over,
f. trans- + re = go
translcns, -ent-, prp. of trans- + lcere =
shine
transmittere, f. trans- + mittere = send
TRAJECTORY
A501
carry through,
manage
A501
TRANSCRIBE
tphus
toxicus, f. toxicum = poison Gr. toxikn

(phrmakon) = (poison) by smearing arrows
n. of toxiks, f. txa pl. (bow and) arrows, f.
txon = bow
traiectrius, f. triect-, pp. stem of tricere,
f. trans- + iacere = throw
f. transact-, pp. stem of transigere = drive
through, accomplish, f. trans- + agere =
drive, do
transcrbere, f. trans- + scrbere = write
A500
TRANSACT
f. tmentum = stuffing for cushions
A501
TRANSECT
A501
TRANSFIX
A501
TRANSIENT
A501
TRANSLUCENT
A501
TRANSMIT
transparent
pass on by
communication;
cause to pass
A502 through a medium
pass out as vapour
TRANSPIRE
A502 , B482
TRANSVERSE

transversus, pp. of transvertere = turn
A502
TRAPEZIUM
TRAUMATIC
quadrilateral
having only one
pair of opposite
A502 sides parallel
caused by a wound
A502
TREMENDOUS
A503
TREPIDATION
TRIAS
terrific, dreadful
tremulous
agitation, flurry;
A503 vibration, tremor
three, triad
across, f. trans- + vertere = turn

L. Gr. trapzion, f. trpeza = table, for
tetra-peza, f. tetra = four; or trapezoids
Gr. trapezoeids
traumaticus Gr. traumatiks, f. trauma,
traumat- = wound
f. tremendus, gerundive of tremere =
tremble, tremble at
trepidti, -n-, f. trepidre, f. trepidus =
alarmed, agitated
L. Gr. tris = triad
A504
TRICLINIUM
A504
TRIENNIAL
A504
TRIGONOMETRY
A504
TRIPOD
A505
TRIPOS
couch on three
sides of a dining
table
lasting three years;
recurring every
three years
branch of
mathematics
dealing with the
measurements of
triangles
three-legged vessel
or support
at Cambridge
Univ., formerly,
bachelor of arts
appointed to
dispute
humorously at
Commencement
(so called from the
tripod on which he
sat), (hence) set of
verses written for
this, (later) list of
candidates
qualified for
honours in math.
printed on the back
of the paper
containing the
verses,
(subsequently)
final honours
examination for
the bachelors
triclnium Gr. triklnion, dim. of trklnos =

dinning room with three couches, f. tri- +
kln = couch
f. triennis of three years, triennium = period
of three years, f. tri- + annus = year
trignometria, f. Gr. trgnon = triangle
trips, -pod- - Gr. trpous, -pod-, f. tri- +

pos = foot
trips = tripod
degree, first in
mathematics, later
A505 in other subjects
TRIQUETROUS
three-cornered
f. triquetrus
A505
f. tri- + sect-, pp. stem of secre = cut
TRISECT
A505
pulverize
TRITURATE
A505
TRIUNE
A506
TROJAN
A506
TUBER
A508
TUBEROSE
A508
TUBULE
A508
(of the Godhead)

three in one
pert. to, native of,
ancient Troy;
roisterer, good
fellow; brave
fellow
thickened portion
of the underground
stem of a plant
plant Polianthes
tuberosa, having a
tuberous root
small tubular
structure
f. pp. stem of trtrre = thresh corn, f. trtra

= rubbing, threshing, f. trt-, pp. stem of
terere = rub
f. tri- + nus = one
Trinus, f. Tria = Troy
tber = hump, swelling

fem. of tbrsus
tubulus, dim. of tubus = tube
tulipa, F. tulipan, tulipe Turk. = turban
TULIP
A508
TUMULUS , PL. LI
A508
TUNIC
sepulchral mound
body garment or
coat of various
kinds; (nat. hist.)
A509 , B552 sheath, integument
TURBID
thick with
suspended matter;
fig.
A509
TURBIT
A509
TURGID
small variety of
domestic pigeon
swollen, distended
L., rel. to tumre = swell

tunica
turbidus, f. turba = disturbance, crowd,

beside turb = whirlwind, reel, whirl,
spinning-top Gr. trb = confusion,
disorder
f. turb = top, from its shape
turgidus, f. turgre = swell
A509
TUTELAGE
guardianship as of
a ward
drum, tambourine,
A511 etc. ear-drum
A510
TYMPANUM
f. ttla = keeping, f. pp. stem of tur =

watch, look after
L. Gr. tmpanon = drum, f. nasalized var.
of base of tptein = strike
U
UBICATION
location
ubicti, -n-, f. ubicre, f. ubi = where
condition in
ubiets, f. ubi = where
A512
UBIETY
A512
ULTERIOR
ULULATE
respect of place
beyond what is
immediate or
A512 present
howl
ulterior = further, more distant, compar. of

ulter
f. pp. ste of ululre, of imit. orig.
A512
uninvited guest
accompanying an
invited one;
A513 (astron.) shadow
UMBRA
umbra = shadow, shade, phantom
f. nianimus, f. nus = one + animus = mind
UNANIMOUS
A513
UNCIAL
A513
UNCTION
pert. to an inch or
an ounce
spiritual feeling
A514
subscribe, spec.
(a policy of
A514 insurance)
move in or as in
A514 waves
single individual
UNDERWRITE
UNDULATE
UNIT
uncilis, f. uncia = inch, ounce

anoint
= write
f. unda = wave
nus = one, prob. after digit
A515
UNITARIAN
UNITE
one who affirms

the unipersonality
A515 of the Godhead
intr. form one
A515 (with)
URBAN
f. nitrius, f. nits = unity

f. nt-, pp. stem of nre = join together, f.
nus = one
urbnus, f. urbs, urb- = city
A517
URBANE
urbnus, -na, f. urbs, urb- = city
URN
URUS
having the
manners or culture
characteristic of
town life; civil,
A517 , B559 polite
oviform pot or
A517 pitcher
aurochs
rus Gmc. rus
A517
USUFRUCT
A518
UTERUS
right of temporary
possession or use
(anat.) womb
sfrctus, for susfrctus, more fully sus

et frctus = use and enjoyment
uterus = belly, womb
make void or
vacant
waver
f. pp. stem of vacre = be empty or

unoccupied
f. pp. stem of vacillre = sway, totter
capricious or
eccentric act
vagr = wander
A518
V
VACATE
A519
VACILLATE
A519
VAGARY
A519
VAGINA
A519
canal connecting
vulva with uterus
VALEDICTION
A519
VALLUM
rampart of earth,
etc.
one of the halves
of a hinged shell;
(anat.)
membranous fold;
device resembling
A520 a flap, lid, etc.
destroyer of
beautiful or
A520 venerable things
flat, insipid (of
A520 beverages)
vgna = sheath, scabbard

f. valedcere, i.e. val dcere = say farewell,
val, imper. of valre = be strong or well +
dcere = say
coll. f. vallus = stake, palisade
A519
VALVE
VANDAL
VAPID
valva = leaf of a door
Vandalus Gmc. Wandal-, -il-, -ulvapidus, rel. to vappa = flat or sour wine
f. pp. stem of varigre, f. varius = various
VARIEGATE
A520
VARIOUS
VASCULAR
VATICINATE
varied, variegated;
(with pl.) differing
A521 from one another
pert. to tubular
A521 vessels
predict
A521
medium of
application or
transmission (first
in medical use);
means of
conveyance or
A522 , B564 transport
VELITATION
skirmish
VEHICLE
A522
VELLEITY
low degree of
volition
exposed for sale;
capable of being
A522 bought over
pert. to hunting
f. varius
f. vsculum, dim. of vs = vessel
f. pp. stem of vticinri, f. vts = seer,
prophet, poet
vehiculum, f. vehere = carry
vlitti, -n-, f. vlitre, f. vlits, pl. of

vles = light-armed soldier
velleits, f. velle = to wish
A522
VENAL
VENATIC
vnlis, f. vnum, obl. cases of vnus = that is

for sale
vnticus, f. pp. stem of vnr = hunt
A522
(of disease)
communicated by
A522 sexual intercourse
VENESECTION
phlebotomy
VENERAL
f. venerus, f. venus, vener- = love

vn secti = cutting of a vein
A522
VENIRE
short for venire

facias = writ
venre = come, facis = you are to cause, 2nd

pers. sg. pres. subj. of facere = do, make
A522
VENOSE
requiring a sheriff
to summon a jury
veined
vnsus, f. vna = vein
A522
VENTIDUCT
VENTILATE
passage serving to
introduce cool or
A523 fresh air
give free utterance
to
A523
VERACIOUS
observant of the
truth
descend towards
the horizon; move
in a certain
direction, incline,
A523 tend
f. ventus = wind + ductus = duct

ventus = wind
f. vrx, vrc-, f. vrus = true
A523
VERGE
VERISIMILAR
A523
VERMICULAR
A524
peristaltic
pert. to the native

language
VERRUCOSE
full of warty
A524 excrescences
VERTEBRA , PL .
joint of the spinal
AE
column
VERNACULAR
A524
vergere = bend, incline
f. vrsimilis, vr similis = like the truth, i.e.

g. sg. of vrus = true, similis = like
vermiculris, f. vermiculus, dim. of vermis =
worm
f. vernculus = domestic, native, indigenous,
f. verna = home-born slave
verrcsus, f. verrca
vertebra, f. vertere = turn
A524
zenith; top,
summit
VESICA
bladder; copper
vessel used in
A524 distilling
VESTIBULE
entrance hall or
A525 , B568 court
VETERAN
adj.
A525 , B568
VETO
prohibition
designed to
prevent a proposed
A525 act
VIA
(astron.) Via
Lactea = the Milky
A525 Way
VIBRANT
vibrating
VERTEX
A524
A525
VICESIMAL
vertex, vertic- = whirl, vortex, crown of the

head, highest point, f. vertere = turn
vsca, vessca, vensca = bladder, blister
vestibulum
veternus, f. vetus, veter- = old
vet = I forbid (1st pers. sg. pres. ind. of
vetere)
via = way, road
prp. of vibrre = move rapidly to and fro,
shake, be agitated
vcsimus = twentieth, f. vcn = twenty each
A526
VICE VERSA
L. = the position being reversed; vice, abl. of

vix, and abl. sg. fem. of versus, pp. of vertere
A526
VICISSITUDE
A526 , B569
VICTIM
= turn
vicissitd, f. vicissim = by turns, f. vic- =
turn
victima, perh. rel to Goth. weihan =
consecrate
VIGESIMAL
f. vgsimus, var. of vcsimus = vicesimal
change in human
affairs
one who suffers
death or severe
A526 treatment
pert. to 20
A526
VILLA
VIMINEOUS
VINACEOUS
country residence, vlla = country house, farm (partly It. villa)

orig. one with farm
A526 buildings, etc.
made of or
f. vmineus, f. vmen, -min- = osier
producing flexible
A527 twigs
wine-coloured
f. vnceus, f. vnum = wine
A527
bond, tie
VINCULUM
f. vincre = bind
A527
VINDICATE
VINOUS
avenge; clear
from censure,
justify; defend the
A527 claims of
pert. to wine
f. pp. stem of vindicre = claim, set free,

punish, avenge, f. vindex, -dic- = claimant,
protector, deliverer, avenger
vnsus, f. vnum = wine
A527
VIOLATE
disturb violently
f. pp. stem of violre, f. vs, vi- = force
early land-measure
virgta, f. virga = rod, verge
A527
VIRGATE
A527
L., pl. of vscus = viscus
VISCERA
A528
VISCID
glutinous, sticky
viscidus, f. viscum = mistletoe, birdlime
pert. to sight or
vision
render of no effect
vsulis, f. vsus = sight, f. vs-
of or resembling
glass
f. vitreus = of glass, glassy, clear, transparent,

f. vitrum = glass
L. = band, fillet, chaplet, various derivative
senses
f. vvx, -c- = conscious or tenacious of life,
lively, vigorous, f. vvus = alive
vvidus, f. vvere = be living, vvus = alive,
lively
vviparus, f. vvus = alive + -parus = bring
forth
A528
VISUAL
A528
VITIATE
f. pp. stem of vitire, f. vitium = vice
A528
VITREOUS
A528
VITTA
A528
VIVACIOUS
A528
full of liveliness or
animation
VIVID
A528
VIVIPAROUS
bringing forth
young in a live
A528 state
VOCIFERATE
A529
greedy for food
VORACIOUS
A529
f. pp. stem of vciferr, f. vx, vc- = voice

+ fer-, stem of ferre = bear
f. vorx, -c-, f. vorre = devour
supposed rotation
of the cosmic
A529 matter
VULGAR
lacking in
A530 refinement
VULNERABLE
that may be
wounded; open to
A530 attact
VULPINE
fox-like
VORTEX
vortex = eddy, whirlpool, whirlwind, var. of

vertex = vertex
people
vulnerbilis = wounding, f. vulnerre =
wound, f. vulnus, vulner- = wound
vulpnus, f. vulps, volps = fox
A530
W
--X
XYSTUS , PL .
XYSTI
portico, colonnade
L. Gr. xusts, xustn
science which
treats of animals
zologia Gr. ziologa, f. zoion = animal
A547
Y
--Z
ZOOLOGY
A551
10. The Eighteenth Century

A
irreg. f. cer, cr- = sharp
ACRID
A4
adipsus, f. adeps, adip- = fat
ADIPOSE
A5
f. pp. stem of adidicre, f. ad- + idex,

idic- = judge
ADJUDICATE
A5
AEGIS
A7
defence,
protection
L. Gr. aigs = shield of Zeus

f. r = air
AERATE
A7
f. pp. stem of afflire, f. af- + flius = son
AFFILIATE
A7
ALIBI
A10
ALVEOLUS
A13
AMARYLLIS
A13
AMMONIA
A14
AMMONITE
(leg.) elsewhere;
plea of having
been elsewhere
small cavity,
tooth-socket, etc
genus of bulbous
plants
alib = elsewhere, f. alius = other

dim. of alveus = through
amaryllis Gr. Amarullis = typical name for
a pretty country girl in Theocritus, Virgil and
Ovid
ammnia, earlier form armniacus, -um Gr.
ammniaks, -kn
ammnts, f. name cornu Ammnis = horn
A14
AMORPHOUS
A14
ANACOLUTHON
A15
ANAPHORA
A15
ANACHYLOSIS
A15
ANECDOTE
A16
ANEMONE
A16
ANGINA
A16
ANGLE
A16
ANNOTATE
of Ammon
f. amorphus Gr. morphos, f. a- + morph
= shape
lack of
late L. Gr. anaklouthon, n. sg. of adj. =
grammatical
lacking sequence, f. an- + aklouthos =
sequence
following
Eucharistic canon L. Gr. anaphor = carrying back, f.
anaphrein = carry up or back, f. an = ana+ phrein = bear
formation of a stiff L. Gr. agklsis, f. agklos = crooked
joint
story of a detached anecdota Gr. ankdota = things
incident
unpublished
large polyp with
anemn Gr. anemn, perh. f. nemos =
petal-like tentacles wind
short for angina
angina = quinsy Gr. agkhn = strangling
pectoris
one of a Germanic Anglus, pl. Angl
tribes that settled
in Britain
f. pp. stem of annotre, f. an- + nota = mark
A17
antispticus, f. anti- + Gr. sptiks = septic
ANTISEPTIC
A18
aphis Gr. phis
APHIS
A19
raise or rise in
value
lofty, steep
f. pp. stem of appretire = set pricew on, f.

ap- + pretium = price
f. arduus = high, steep, difficult
person entitled to
heraldic arms
armiger = bearing arms, f. arma + gerere =

bear, carry
arma Gr. rma, -at-
unemphatic
syllable
stoppage of the
A24 pulse, suffocation
genus of plants
with radiated
A25 flowers
L. Gr. rsis = lifting, raising, f. arein =

raise
L. Gr. asphux, f. a- + sphxis = pulse, f.
sphzein = beat, throb
astr Gr. astr = star
APPRECIATE
A20
ARDUOUS
A22, C48
ARMIGER
A22
AROMA
A22
ARSIS
A23
ASPHYXIA
ASTER
ATHLETE
A26
subtle emanation
AURA
thlta Gr. athlts, f. athlein = contend for

a prize
L. Gr. ar = breath, breeze
A28
AURORA
luminous
atmospheric
phenomenon near
the poles,
A28 northern lights
aurra
AVOCATION
A29
transf. to ordinary
occupation
vocti, -n-, f. vocre, f. -, ab- + vocre

= call
L. Gr. azala, sb. use of fem. of azalos =
dry
ritously drunken
bacchnlis, f. Bacchus Gr. Bkkhos = god

of wine
L., named by Charles Plumier, French
botanist, after Michel Begon
bn = two together + oculus = eye
AZALEA
A30
B
BACCHANAL
A31
BEGONIA
A37
BINOCULAR
A41
BLENNY
A43
BONUS
A45
BRACT
A48
BULB
A53
C
CACTUS
adapted to both
eyes
genus of spiny
fishes
addition to normal
pay
small leaf below
calyx
roundish dilatation,
spec. of a glass
tube
blennnius, var. of blendius Gr. blnnos =

slime
prob. joc. or ignorant application of bonus
m. for bonum n. = good thing
bractea = thin plate of metal, gold leaf
prickly plant with

thick fleshy stems
L. G. Kaktos = cardoon or Spanish

artichoke
(anat.) blind end of

the first part of the
large intestine
genus of plants
having slippershaped flowers
spec. in
differential,
integral calculus
cup-like cavity
(intestinum) ccum = blind (gut), n. sg. of

ccus = blind
A57
CAECUM
A58
CALCEOLARIA
A58
CALCULUS
A58
CALIX , CALYX PL.
CALICES
A59
CALVARY
CAMELLIA
outdoor (life-size)
representation of
the Crucifield
A59 Christ
genus of shrubs
A59
chamber, in several
spec. uses
CAMERA
A60
CAMPUS
(orig. U.S.) college
f. calceolus, dim. of calceus = shoe

calculus = pebble, etc.
calix = cup
calvria = skull, f. calva = scalp, calvus =
bald
L., f. name of Josef Kamel (latinized
Camellus), a Moravian Jesuit who described
the botany of Luzon
camera = vault, arched chamber Gr.
kamr = object with arched cover; in
photography short for camera obscura =
darkened chamber or box
campus = field
or university
grounds (first at
Princeton, New
A60 Jersey)
small box
CANISTER
A60
CAPSICUM
A62
CAPTION
A62
CARCINOMA
A62
CARPAL
A63
CATASTROPHE
A66
CAUSTIC
A67 , B77
CAVY
A67
CEDE
canistrum = basket for bread, fruit etc. Gr.

knastron = wicker basket, f. knna = cane
seed-pod of Guinea L. perh. f. capsa = box, bookcase, f. base of
pepper
capere = hold
(orig. U.S.)
heading, title
L. Gr. karknma, f. karknos = creeping
ulcer
(anat.) pert. to the
carplis, f. carpus Gr. karps = wrist
wrist
sudden disaster
catastropha Gr.katastroph = overturning,
sudden turn, f. katastrphein = overturn
fig. bitter
causticus Gr. kaustiks = capable of
burning, f. kausts = combustible
rodent of the
cavia, f. Galibi (French Guiana) cabiai
family Caviidae
(incl. the guineapig)
give up, yield
cdere = go (away), retire, yield
A67
CELLULOSE
A68
CELT
A68
CELT, KELT
A68
CENSUS
A68
CENTENARY
A68
CHARACTER
adj. consisting of
cells
prehistoric
instrument with
chisel edge
one who speaks a
Celtic language
enumeration of
population
centennial
anniversary
personage,
personality
A71
CHORUS
CILIA
CINERARY
musical
composition to be
sung by a band of
singers; refrain or
A75 burden
(anat.) eyelids,
A77 eyelashes
pert. to ashes
cellulsus
celtes, based on celte, which occurs in the
Vulg.
Celt pl. Gr. Kelto
cnsus, rel. to cnsre = assess, judge
centnrius containing a hundred, f.
centn = hudred each, f. centum = hundred
choir
pl. of cilium = (lower) eyelid

cinerrius, f. cinis, ciner- = ashes
A77
CIRCUS
circular area for

equestrian and
acrobatic feats;
circus = circle, circus = Gr. krkos, krkos =

ring, circle
circular range for

houses
(bot.) tendril;
(zool.) filamentary
A77 appendage
culmination,
A80 highest point
sewer
A77
CIRRUS
CLIMAX
CLOACA
L. = curl
clmax Gr. klmax = ladder
cloca, cluca, rel. to cluere = cleanse
A80
COCCUS
A82
COGNOVIT
A83
(pl.) cocci insect

of the genus so
named
(leg.)
acknowledgement
by defendant that
plaintiffs cause is
just
COINCIDE
A84
(zool.) the beetles
COLEOPTERA
A84
vb.
COLLAPSE
A84
inscription
containing title,
date etc., at the end
A85 of a book
COLUMBARIUM
dove-cot;
underground
sepulchre with
A85 niches
COMA
(astron.) nebulous
envelope of a
A85 comet
COMIC
ludicrous, funny
COLOPHON
A86
COMMUNICATE
A87
COMPLACENT
COMPRESS
have a common
channel of passage
satisfied, esp. with
A88 oneself
condense
A89
CONDOMINIUM
A90
CONFAB
CONGENER
joint rule
colloq. shortening
of confabulation =
A91 talk, chat (15th)
member of the
same class group
A92 or group
L. Gr. kkkos = berry, seed

short for formula cognovit actionem = he has
acknowledged the charge 3rd sg. pt. of
cognscere = get to know, f. co- + gnscere
= know
coincidere, f. co- + incidere = fall upon or
into, f. in- + cadere = fall
L. n. pl. Gr. kolepteros = sheath-winged,
f. kolen = sheath + ptern = wing
back-formation , f. pp. collapsed, f.
collpsus, pp. of collb, f. col- + lb = fall
colophn Gr. kolophn = summit, finishing
touch
f. columba = dove, pigeon
coma Gr. km = hair of the head

cmicus Gr. kmiks, f. komos = revel
f. pp. stem of commnicre, f. commnis =
common
complacns, -ent-, prp. of complacre, f.
com- + placre = please
compressre, or f. pp. stem compress- of
comprimere
f. con- + dominium = dominion
confabulti, -n-, f. confabulr = converse
f. con- + gener- = genus
CONGENIAL
A92
CONGENITAL
A92
CONGRESS
A92
CONGRESSIONAL
A92
CONNATE
A92
CONSTITUENT
A94
CONTINGENT
A95
CONUNDRUM
A96
CONVICT
suited to ones taste f. con- + genius = attendant spirit,

inclination, appetite
dating from ones
f. congenitus = born along with, connate, f.
birth
con- + genitus, pp. of gignere = produce
legislative body of congressus, f. congress-, pp. stem of
U.S.A.
= step, walk
f. as congressus, f. congress-, pp. stem of
= step, walk + insertion -ion- from
congressincongenitally united conntus, pp. of connasc, f. con- + nasc =
be born
constituting or
appointing a
representative;
elector; constituent
element
proportion falling contingns, -ent-, prp. of contingere = be
to one; spec. of
contiguous, in connection or in contact,
troops contributed befall
to a force
riddle involving a
pun, puzzling
quoniam or quin)
statement or
question
bring error home
f. convict-, pp. stem of convincere =
to; convince
convince, f. con- + vincere = overcome
A96
copper money
COPPER
A97
COROLLA
A98
CORPUS
(bot.) whorl of
petals
body of writings
cuprum, for cyprium (s) = (metal) of

Cyprus; so named from its most noted
ancient source
dim. of corna = crown
corpus = body
A98
CORRELATE
A98
support by
concurrent
A99 evidence
sparkle, glitter
CORROBORATE
CORUSCATE
back-formation from correlation, correlative

(16th) correlti, -tvus (13th)
f. pp. stem of corrborre, f. cor- +
rborre = strengthen, f. rbur = strength
f. pp. of coruscre = vibrate, glitter
A99
buskin of ancient
tragic actors
COTONEASTER
genus of rosaceous
A99 trees
COTYLEDON
seed-leaf
COTHURNUS
L. Gr. kthornos
A99
A100
f. cotneum = quince
cotyldon = navelwort, pennywort Gr.
kotuldn = applied to various cup-shaped
cavities, f. kotl = hollow, cup
CRAPULOUS
CRENATE
suffering from
excessive drinking
A103 or eating
(nat. hist.) notched,
A104 finely scalloped
crpulsus, f. crpula = introxication Gr.

kraipl = result of a drunken debauch
crntus, f. crna = notch
L. Gr. krtn = sheep-tick, castor-oil plant
CROTON
A106
CRUX , PL.
CRUXES , -CES
A106
conundrum,
riddle
CRYPT
A107
offender
CULPRIT
L. = cross; short for crux interpretum, crux

philosophorum = torment of interpreters, of
philosophers
crypta Gr. krpt = vault, sb. use of fem.
of krupts = hidden
culpa = guilt
A107
CUMBRIAN
A108
CURRICLE
A109
CURSIVE
A109
CYST
A110
pert. to
Cumberland or to
the ancient British
kingdom of
Cumbria
two-wheeled
carriage
written in a
running hand
sac, esp. of morbid
matter
Cumbria, f. W. Cymry, f. kombrog, pl. of

kombrogos = fellow countryman, f. kom(com-) + mrog- = region
certificate of a
loan made to a
government
entry of a sum
owing
deck with
ornamental
accessories
dissolve by
absorpiton of
moisture
soothing

curriculum = racing-chariot, dim. of currere

= run
cursvus, f. curs-, pp. stem of currere = run
cystis Gr. kstis = bladder
D
DEBENTURE
A114
DEBIT
A114
DECORATE
A115
DELIQUESCE
A117
DEMULCENT
A118
portray
DEPICT
dbitum = debt
decent- , pp. of decre = be fitting
dliquscere, f. de- + liquscere, f. liqure =
be fluid
dmulcns, -ent-, prp. of dmulcre = soothe
caressingly, f. de- + mulcre = stroke,
appease
f. dpict-, pp. stem of dpingere
A119
fall in value or
estimation
DESQUAMATION
scalling, peeling of
A121 skin
DESTITUTE
bereft of resources
DEPRECIATE
A120
A121
DESULTORY
disconnected and
f. pp. stem of dpretire, f. de- + pretium =

price
dsqumti, -n-, f. dsqumre = remove
the scales from, f. de- + squma = scale
dstittus = forsaken, pp. of dstituere, f. de+ statuere = set up, place
dsultrius = per. to a vaulter, superficial, f.
irregular
A121
DETERIORATE
A122
DETONATE
A122
grow worse
dsultor, f. dsult-, pp. stem of dsilre = leap

down, f. de- + salre = leap
f. pp. stem of dterirre, f. dterior = worse
f. pp. stem of dtonre, f. de- + tonre =
thunder
dtrtus, f. dtr of dterere = wear away, f.
de- + terere = rub
diabolus Gr. dibolos = slanderer, devil
wearing away by
rubbing
(highly seasoned)
B122 boiled or fried dish
pert. to a deacon
diconlis, f. diconus = deacon
DETRITUS
A122
DEVIL
DIACONAL
A123
DIAPASON
A123
DICOTYLEDON
A124
DIFFUSE
(mus.) scale,
range, pitch
(bot.) flowering
plant having two
seed-lobes
opp. of confined
and condensed
A124 , B175
DIGITALIS
DISSIDENT
drug prepared
from a plant of the
A124 foxglove family
sb.
A129
tractable
DOCILE

pl. dcotyldones
diffssu = extensive, ample, prolix, pp. stem
of diffundere = pour out, f. dif- + fundere =
pour
digitlis = pert. to the finger, after the G.
name of the foxglove, fingerhut
dissidns, -ent-, prp. of dissidre = dissagree,
f. dis- + sedre = sit
docilis, f. docre = teach
A131
DOSS
(sl.) sb. bed; vb.

sleep
pert. to Draco
(archon at Athens
621 B.C.) or his
severe code of
A134 laws
(bot.) stone-fruit
f. dorsum = back
A133
DRACONIC
DRUPE
A137
conduit
DUCT
A137
pert. to 12th parts;

based on the
A138 number 12
DUODECIMAL
f. drac, -n- = dragon, Drac, Gr. Drkn
drpa, druppa = over-ripe olive Gr. drppa

= olive
ductus = leading, conduct, in medL.
aqueduct, f. duct-, pp. stem of dcere = lead
f. duodecimus = twelfth, duodecim = twelve,
f. duo = two + decem = ten
L. Gr. duspeps, f. dspeptos = difficult of
digestion, f. dys- + pepts = cooked, digested
DYSPEPSIA
A139
E
ECZEMA
A141
EFFERVESCE
A144
EFFIGY
give off bubbles of

gas
L. Gr. kzema, f. ekzein = boil over, break

out, f. ek = out, ex- + zein = boil
effervscere, f. ef- + fervscere, inceptive of
fervre = boil
effigis, f. effig-, stem of effingere, f. ef- +
A143
EFFLORESCE
EFFLUENT
burst forth as in
flower; change to
A143 fine powder
flowing out
A143
gleaming forth
EFFULGENT
A143
ELIDE
A144
omit in
pronunciation
fingere = fashion
efflrsccere, f. ef- + flrescere, inceptive of
flrre, f. flr- = flower
effluns, -ent-, prp. of effluere, f. ef- + fluere
= flow
effulgns, -ent-, prp. of effulgre, f. ef- +
fulgre = shine
ldere, f. e- + ldere = injure, harm
f. pp. stem of mnre, f. e- + mnre = flow
EMANATE
A145
EMEND
A146
remove errors
from
EMIGRATE
A146
possessed person,
demoniac
ENERGUMEN
A149
pronounce
ENUNCIATE
A151
sb.
EPIC
mendre, f. e- + menda = fault

f. pp. stem of migrre, f. e- + migrre =
migrate
energmenus Gr. energomenos, pass. ppl.
of energein = work in or upon, f. en- + rgon
= work
f. pp. stem of nuntire, f. e- + nuntire =
announce
epicus late Gr. epiks, f. pos = word, song
A152
equnus, f. equus = horse
EQUINE
A153
EQUIVOCAL
ERA
of doubtful
genuineness,
A153 questionable
period or epoch
f. quivocus, f. qui = equi + vocre = call,

name
ra, orig. pl. of s, ris = copper
A154
ERUBESCENT
A154
(chem.) liquid
obtained by the
action of acid on
A156 , B146 alcohol
EUONYMUS
(bot.)
ETHER
A157
rubscns, -ent-, prp. of rubscere, f. e- +

rubscere, f. rubre = be red
thr Gr. aithr = upper air, f. base of
athein = kindle, burn, shine
eunymus Gr. eunumos = lucky, f. eu- +
numa, var. of noma = name
L. = let him go out, 3rd per. sg. pres. subj. of
exre = go out
L. = let him perform, 3rd pers. sg. pres. subj.
of exequ = execute
f. expatrire, -t-, f. ex- + patria = native
land
permission to go
out or leave
EXEQUATUR
(leg.) official
A160 authorization
EXPATRIATE
withdraw from
ones native
A160 country
EXPLODE
go off or cause to expldere = drive out by clapping, hiss off
do so with a loud
the stage, f. ex- + plaudere = clap the hands
A160 noise
EXPONENT
sb. (math.) index
A161 of a power
EXEAT
A159
F
FACT
circumstances and
incidents of a case
animals of a region
A167 or epoch
A169 femur
(techn.) fringe
factum, sb. use of n. pp. of facere = do
A164
FAUNA
FEMORAL
FIMBRIA
application of the proper name Fauna of a

rural goddess, siter of Faunus
f. femur, -or- = thigh
fimbri
A171
plant life of a
region, period etc.
FLORESCENCE
(state or period of)
A175 flowering
FLUOR
mineral containing
A176 fluoride
FOCUS
point at which an
object must be
situated so that a
well-defined
image of it may be
proudced by the
lens; centre of
A176 activity
FORMIC
(chem.) of an acid
contained in a
fluid emitted by
A180 ants
FORMULA
recipe; rule, etc.
FLORA
f. fls, flr- = flower
A175
flrescentia, f. prp. stem of flrscere,

inceptive of flrre.
fluor = flow, flux, f. fluere = flow
focus = fire-place, domestic heart
f. formca = ant
frmula, dim. of frma = form
A180
FRANCO A181
FROND
A183
FRUTESCENT
A184
(bot.) leaf-like
organ formed by
the union of stem
and foliage
(bot.) becoming
shrubby
comb. of Francus = Frank, meaning Frankish

or French and...
frns, frond- = leaf
f. frutex = bush
L., named after Leonhard Fuch, G. botanist
FUCHSIA
A184
genus of seaweeds
FUCUS
A184
FUGACIOUS
failing or fading
early
(leg.) that can
serve for another
A185 (thing)
union as if by
A186 melting
fcus = rock-lichen, red dye or cosmetic Gr. phukos

f. fugx, fugc, - f. fugere = flee
A184
FUNGIBLE
FUSION
fungibilis, f. fung = perform

fsi, -n-, f. fs-, pp. stem of fundere = pour
G
GALLINACEOUS
pert. to the
Gallinae (domestic
A187 poultry etc.)
gallnceus, f. gallna = hen, f. gallus = cock
GARDENIA
f. name of Alexander Garden, Sc. naturalist

A189
turret, look-out
GAZEBO
A190
kindly
GENIAL
A191
GENIUS
GERANIUM
GLOMERATE
GLUME
extraordinary
native intellectual
A191 power
genus
A192 Pelargonium
(bot.) compactly
A195 clustered
(bot.) husk
A196
GOBY
A196
bird of any genus

org. included in
A198 Gracula
GRAPHIC
pert. to drawing or
A200 painting
GUBERNATORIAL
(chiefly U.S.)
GRACKLE
perh. joc. f. gaze, in imitation of futures in

-b
L. Gr. gernion, f. granos = crane
glomertus
glma, f. glbm, f. glb- (as in glbere =
shell)
gbius, var. of cbius Gr. kbis = some
small fish
grcula, fem. formed to corr. to grculus =
jackdaw
drawing, writing
guberntor = governor
A204
(antiq.) womens
apartments
L. Gr. gunaikeion, f. gun, gunaik- =

woman
HASTATE
spear-shaped
hasttus, f. hasta = spear
A211
HEBDOMADAL
A213
weekly
HELIANTHUS
sunflower genus
hebdomadlis, f. hebdomas, -ad- = group of

seven Gr. hebdoms, f. hept = seven
L. Gr. hlios = sun + nthos = flower
GYNAECEUM
A206
A213
HERMENEUTICS
science of
interpretation
A215
HIATUS
A216
break between two

vowels
hermneutica Gr. hermneutik, sb. use of

ferm. sg. of adj., f. hermneuts, agent-noun
f. hermneein = interpret, f. hermnes =
interpreter
L.
HIBISCUS
A216
HUMILIATE
A222
reduce the dignity

of
f. pp. stem of humilire, f. humilis = humble

L. = mould, ground, soil
HUMUS
A222
HYDRA
genus of
freshwater polyps,
so named from the
fact that cutting it
into pieces
multiplies its
A223 numbers
HYDRANGEA
A223
HYOSCYAMUS
A224
HYPAETHRAL
genus of plants,
henbane
open to the sky
A224
L. Gr. hdr = water-serpent
hydranga, f. Gr. hudr, hudr- = water +

ggos = vessel; so called with ref. to the cuplike form of the seed- capsule
L. Gr. huoskamos, f. hos, g. of hus =
swine, sow + kamos = bean
f. hypthrus Gr. hpaithros, f. hup under,
hypo- + aithr = air, ether
I
metrical stress
ICTUS
A227
ILLUMINATE
decorate with
colour
(entom.) final
A228 stage of an insect
sb.
A228
IMAGO
IMPACT
L. = blow, stroke, f. ict-, pp. stem of cere =

strike
f. pp. stem of illuminre, f. il- + lmen,
lmin- = light
img = image
f. impact-, pp. stem of impingere = impinge
A229
IMPARISYLLABIC
IMPEND
of Gr. and L. nouns f. impar = unequal, f. im- + par = equal, peer

that have different
numbers of
syllables in
A229 different cases
hang over
impendre, f. im- + pendre = hang
A229
IMPERSONATE
A229
IMPLEMENT
assume the person

of
fulfilment
A230
security
IMPUNITY
A231
exhausted
condition
INCRIMINATE
charge with a
A232 crime
INANITION
A231
INCUBATE
im- + persna = person

impnits, f. impnis = unpunished, f. im- +
pna = penalty
innti, -n-, f. innre, f. innis = empty,
vain
f. pp. stem of incrminre = accuse, f. in- +
crmen = charge
f. pp. stem of incubre, f. in- + cubre = lie
A232
accuse, blame
INCULPATE
A232
averse to exertion
INDOLENT
A233
INDULGE
A234
INDUSIUM
take ones pleasure

freely in
(anat.) amnion
f. pp. stem of inculpre, in- + culpre =

blame, censure, f. culpa = blame
indlns, -ent-, f. in- + prp. of dolre = suffer
pain, give pain
indulgre
L. = tunic, f. induere = put on
A234
sluggish
INERT
A234
(zool.) class of
protozoa, so called
because found in
infusions of
A235 decaying matter
INFUSORIA
iners, inert- = unskilled, inactive, f. in- + ars

= skill, art
sb. use of n.pl. of infsrius, f. infs-, pp.
stem of infundere, f. in- + fundere = pour
inhlre, f. in- + hlre = breathe
INHALE
A236
implant
(a disease);
impregnate with
the virus of a
A237 disease
INOCULATE
INSOMNIA
A237
characteristic of
islanders, as being
narrow or
A238 prejudiced
INTERCALARY
intervening
INSULAR
A239
INTERLUDE
A239
INTERNECINE
intervening time or
space
mutually
destructive
A240
INTUITION
(gen.) immediate
insight
genus of
convolvulaceous
A242 plants
displaying colours
like those of the
A242 rainbow
(bot.) genus of
A244 iridaceous plants
A241
IPOMOEA
IRIDESCENT
IXIA
f. pp. stem of inoculre = engraft, implant, f.

in- + oculus = eye
f. insomnis = sleepless, f. in- + somnus =

sleep
insulris, f. insula = island
intercalri(u)s, f. intercalre = proclaim the

insertion of a day, etc. in the calendar
internecnus, f. interneci = general
slaughter, massacre, extermination, f.
internecre = slaughter, exterminate, f. inter+ necre = kill
intuiti, -n-, f. in- + tuiti, -n-, =
protection, f. tur = look after
L. f. Gr. ips, ip- = worm + hmoios = like
f. ris, rid- = irisixia Gr. ix = kind of thistle
J
JUNCTION
A249
JURAT
JUVENILE
(leg.)
memorandum of
the swearing of an
A250 affidavit
sb.
A250
iuncti, -n-, f. iunct-, pp. stem of iungere =

join
irtum, n. pp. of irre = swear
iuvenlis, f. iuvenis = young
K
KALMIA
A251
genus of Amer.
evergreen shrubs
f. name of Peter Kalm, a pupil of Linnaeus
L
(nat. hist.) jagged,
slashed
LANCEOLATE
shaped like a
A257 spearhead
LAPIDARY
adj. suitable for
monumental
A258 inscriptions
LAPSE
passing (of time)
LACINIATE
f. lacnia = tuft, fringe, skirt of a garment
A256
A258
insect in the grub

state
LARVA
A259
LEMUR
lanceoltus, f. lanceola, dim. of lancea =

lance
lapidrius, f. lapis, lapid- = stone
fall
L. = disembodied spirit, ghost, mask (the
perfect insect not being recognizable in the
larva)
lemur, f. pl. lemurs = shades of the departed;
so named because of its spectre-like face
A263
indisposed to
severity
LEPIDOPTERA
order of insects
with scale-covered
A263 wings
lnins, -ent-, prp. of lnre = soothe, f. lnis

= soft, mild
L. f. Gr. leps, lepido- = scale + ptern =
wing
LILIACEOUS
lliceus, f. llium = lily
LENIENT
A263
A266
LILLIPUTIAN
diminutive
f. Lilliput, name of an imaginary country in

Swifts Gullivers Travels, peopled by
pygmies six inches high
Linnus, latinized form of the surname of
Carl von Linn, Sw. naturalist
f. name of Matthias de Lobel, botanist to
James I
L. = place
treat with oil
f. pp. stem of lbricre, f. lbricus = slippery
ridiculous
f. ldicrus, f. ldicrum = stage play, f. ldere

= play
A266
LINN(A)EAN
A267
LOBELIA
A269
LOCUS
A270
LUBRICATE
A272
LUDICROUS
A273
yellow-brown
LURID
A273
place of study or
instruction
LYCEUM
A274
LYCOPODIUM
A274
LYMPH
A274 , B277
colourless alkaline
fluid in the body
Lycum Gr. Lkeion, n. of lkeios = epithet

of Apollo, to whose temple the Lyceum was
adjacent
L. Gr. lkos = wolf + pos, pod- = foot; so
named from the claw-like shape of the root
lympha
M
MAGNESIA
(spec. white m.)

hydrated
magnesium
carbonate, used
medicinally;
(chem.)
A276 magnesium oxide
MAGNOLIA
A276
MAGNUM
bottle containing
two quarts
that is in the
A287 middle; ordinary
jellyfish, sea-nettle

silvery sheen
L. f. name of Pierre Magnol, professor of

botany at Montpellier
n. sg. of magnus = large
A276
MEDIAL
MEDUSA
medilis, f. medius = mid

Medsa Gr. Mdousa
A287
MEMENTO
A288
object serving as a
memorial
merganser, f. mergus = diver (water-fowl), f.

mergere = dive + anser = goose
MERGE
(leg.) extinguish or mergere = dip, plunge
be extinguished by
A290 absorption
MICA
small plate of
mca = grain, crumb
talc, etc. mineral
consisting
essentially of
silicate of
aluminum
occurring in
glittering scales or
A292 in crystals
MICTURITION
desire to make
micturti, -n-, f. pp. stem of micturre,
water, making
desiderative formation on mict-, minct-, pp.
A292 water
stem of mingere = make water
MILLESIMAL
thousandth (part)
f. millsimus, f. mille = thousand
MERGANSER
A290
A293
MIMOSA
MINUS
sensitive plant,
Mimosa pudica.
A293 and its allies
(electr.)
negative(ly)
A294
MINUTIA , PL .
MINUTIAE
A295
MISSION
A296
MNEMONIC
A297
mmsa, app. f. mmus = mime; so named

from its imitation of animal sensitiveness
L. = less, n. of minor
very small matters
mintia, pl. -i, f. mintus = minute
establishment of
missionaries
adj. and sb.

send
mnmonicus Gr. mnmoniks, f. mnmn,
mnmon- = mindful
pass from one key

to another
MODULATE
A297
MONAD
A298
MORIBUND
ultimate unit of
being
about to die

rhythm, make melody, f. modulus , dim. of
modus = mode
monas, -ad- - Gr. mons = unit, f. mnos =
alone
moribundus, f. mor = die
A301
short-sightedness
MYOPIA
A306
L. Gr. mp, f. mps, f. mein = shut +

ps = eye
N
NASTURTIUM
NEBULA
NEPTUNIAN
trailing plant of
the genus
A309 Tropaeolum
cloud-like cluster
A310 of stars
(geol.) pert. to the
A311 action of water
asexual, sterile
NEUTER
A312 , B323
NICTITATE
A312
blink,wink
blackish
NIGRESCENT
A313
halo
NIMBUS
L.
nebula, rel. to OE., OS., OHG.
Neptnius, f. Neptnus = god of the sea
f. pp. stem of nictitre, frequent. of nictre =
blink
prp. stem of nigrscere = grow black, f. niger
= black
A313
NUCLEUS
condensed portion
of the head of a
comet; central
A316 part, kernel
insignificant, nonA316 , B324 existent
nucleus = nut, kernel, inner part, var. of

nuculeus, f. nucula = small nut, dim. of nux,
nuc- = nut
NULL
nllus, -a = no, none, f. ne + llus = any, f.

nus = one
f. numisma, -mat-, var. of nomisma Gr.
nmisma = current coin, f. nomzein = have
in use, f. nmos = use, custom
ntti, -n-, f. ntre, ntt- = nod, f. base
of nuere = nod
NUMISMATIC
A316 , B325
NUTATION
A317
oscillation of the
earths axis
O
obiturius, f. obitus = obit
OBITUARY
A318
(gram.)
OBJECT
A318
OBLATE
(geom.) flattened
at the poles
(biol.) indistinct,
imperfectly
A319 developed
obiectum, sb. use of the pp. of obicere =

throw towards, place in front of, f. ob- +
iacere = throw
ob- + ltus
A318
OBSOLETE
OBSTETRIC
obsoltus = grown old, worn out, pp. of

obsolre, f. ob- + solre = be accustomed or
used
f. obstetrx, -trc- = midwife, lit. a woman
A319
OFFICINAL
ONTOLOGY
(of a herb) used in

medicine and the
arts; (of remedies)
sold in the shops,
made up according
to the
A321 pharmacopoeia
study of being
A323
OPERCULUM
A323
OPUS
A324
ORB
A325
ORCHESTRA
A325
ORIOLE
A326
OROTUND
A326
ORTHODOX
(zool. etc.) cover,

lid
work, esp. Musical
composition
cross-surmounted
globe of the regalia
part of a theatre,
etc., assigned to
musicians; band of
musicials itself
name of various
yellow-plumaged
brids
marked by fullness
and clarity of tone
spec. epithet of the
Eastern Church
A326
OSCILLATE
A327
pert. to bone
OSSEOUS
who is present, f. obstre = stand in the way,

f. ob- + stre = stand
officnlis, f. officna = workshop,
manufactory, laboratory, for opificna, f.
opifex, -fic- = workman, f. opus = work +
-fic, facere = do
ontologia, f. Gr. onto-, comb. form of n, g.

ntos = being, n. of n, prp. of einai = be
f. operre = cover, close, parallel formation to
aperre = open
L. (first in magnum o., o. magnum = great
work), rel. to Skr. paorbis = ring, round surface, disc
orchstra Gr. orkhstr, f. orkheisthai =
dance
oriolus OF. oriol L. aureolus, f. aureus =
golden, f. aurum = gold
f. phr. re rotund = lit. with round mouth
orthodoxus Gr. orthdoxos, f. orths =
straight, right + dxa = opinion, f. base of
dokein = seem, rel. to decet
f. pp. stem of scillre, f. scillum = little
mask of Bacchus = hung from the trees,
especially in vineyards, so as to be easily
moved by the wind, dim. of s = face
f. osseus, f. os, oss- = bone
A327
OTIOSE
of no practical
effect
egg (female
A329 reproductive cell)
tisus, f. tium = leisure
A327
OVUM
L.
P
shaped like an
open hand
PANDEMONIUM
haunt of great
wickedness, place
or gathering of
A333 lawless violence
PANTHEON
applied to modern
buildings
resembling the
PALMATE
palmtus, f. palma = palm
A332
L., f. Gr. pan- + damn = demon
pantheon Gr. pntheion, f. pan- + theios =

divine, f. thes = god
A334
PAPILLA
PAPYRUS
PAR
Pantheon in Rome
nipple-like
A334 protuberance
writing material
prepared from
A334 sedge
average amount
L. papilla = nipple
pap Gr. ppros = paper-rush
pr = equal
A334
addition of a letter
or syllable to a
A335 word
PARAPHERNALIA
trappings,
accessories,
appurtenances
PARAGOGE
A336
animal or plant
supported by
A336 another
PARENTHESIS
device used to
mark this, e.g. ( )
PARASITE
paragg Gr. paragg = derivation,

addition to the end of a syllable, f. para- =
past, beyond + agg = leading
paraphernlis, sb. use of n. pp. of
paraphernlia; sb. use of n. pl. of
paraphernlis, f. paraphera Gr. parphera
n. pl. = articles of property held by a wife
besides her dowry, f. para- + phern =
dowry, rel. phrein = bear
parastus Gr. parstos = one who eats at
the table of another, toady, f. para- + sitos =
food
L. Gr. parnthesis, f. parentithnai = place
in besides
A336
PECTEN
A342
comb-like
structure
pecten, -in-, comb. rel. to pectere, Gr. pkein

passer = sparrow
PASSERINE
A339
going on foot;
prosaic,
uninspired; also
A342 , B358 sb.
PEDIMENT
base, foundation
PEDESTRIAN
f. pedester, -tr- = going on foot, f. ps, ped= foot

ps, ped- = foot
A342
PEDUNCLE
A342
PELTATE
(bot.) stalk of
flower or fruit
shield-shaped
pedunculus, f. ps, ped- = foot
suspended so as to
swing
gratuity
pendulus, f. pendre = hang
f. pelta = applied to shield-like structures
A343
PENDULOUS
A344
PERQUISITE
A347
PERSIST
remain in
existence
instrument to
remedy uterine
A348 displacement
the worst
A348 condition possible

qurere = seek
persistere, f. per- + sistere = stand
A347
PESSARY
PESSIMISM
PETAL
pessrium, f. pessum, -us Gr. pesss, n =

draught-board, oval stone used in a game,
medicated plug
pessimus = worst
petalum = metal plate Gr. ptalon = lamina,
leaf. sb. use of n. of adj. ptalos = outspread,

f. base pet-, as in petnnusthai = unfold
A348
(bot.) bundle of
stamens
PHENOMENON ,
notable or
PL . MENA
exceptional fact or
A349 occurrence
PHLOX
herbaceous plant
PHALANX
L. Gr. phlagx
A349
phnomenon Gr. phainmenon, sb. use of

prp. pass. of phanein = show, pass. be seen,
appear
L. Gr. phlx = lit. flame
A350
hairy
PILOSE
pilsus, f. pilus = hair, pile
A353
PINNATE
A354
PIRATE
A354
PISTIL
A354 , B373
PLASMA
A356
PLASTIC
A356 , B375
PLUMBAGO
A358
PLUS
A359
PODIUM
A359
POLLEN
A360
PONDEROUS
A361
PORRECT
A362
PRAENOMEN
A365
PRATINCOLE
A365
PRECARIOUS
pinntus = feathered, winged, f. pinn =

applied to various objects likened to a wing
or feather
fig. of literary or
other plundering
peril
(bot.) female organ pistillum = pestle
of a flower
form; green
plasma = mould, image, f. Gr. plssein =
variety of quartz
fashion, form
capable of being
plasticus Gr. plastiks, f. plasts, ppl. adj.
moulded
f. plssein = fashon, form
black lead,
plumbg = lead ore, leadwort, flea-wort, f.
graphite; genus of plumbum = lead
plants, leadwort
(electr.)
pls = more
positive(ly)
projecting base
L. = elevated place, balcony Gr. pdion,
dim. of pos, pod- = foot
(bot.) powdery
pollen = flour, fine powder, rel. pulvis =
substance
powder
produced by the
anther
laboured in
pondersus, f. pondus, ponder- = weight, rel.
manner
to pendere = weigh
put forward
f. porrect-, pp. stem of porrigere, f. por- =
pro- + regere = stretch, direct
name preceding
f. pr = pre- + nmen = name
the nomen,
personal name
bird of the genus
pratincola, f. prtum = meadow + incola =
Glareola, allied to inhabitant
the plover
perilous
f. precrius, f. prex, prec- = entreaty, prayer
A366
PREMIUM
A367
PRESBYOPIA
fee for instruction

in a trade
(path.) failure of
prmium = booty, reward,f. pr = pre- +

emere = buy, orig. take
L., f. Gr. prsbus = old man + ps = eye
eyesight
characteristic of
A368 old age
PRIMATES
(zool.) highest
prms = of the first rank, chief, f. prmus =
A369 order of mammalia first, prime
PRIMULA
prmula, fem. of dim. of prmus = prime,
first, orig. in prmula vris = little firstling of
spring, applied to the cowslip and the field
A370
daisy
PROFLIGATE
sb.
prflgtus = ruined, dissolute, pp. of
prflgre = cast down, ruin, f. pro- = base
A372
glg- = beat
PROMINENT
conspicuous
prminns, -ent-, prp. of prminre = jut out,
A373
f. pro- + base of mns = mount
PROPYLAEUM
entrance to a
L. Gr. proplaion, sb. use of n. adj. =
temple, etc.;
before the gate, f. pro- + pl = gate
A374 introduction
PRURIENT
given to lewd
prrins, -ent-, prp. of prrre = itch, long,
A376 thoughts
be wanton
PUERPERAL
pert. to parturition f. puerperus = parturient, f. puer = child +
A376
-parus = bringing forth
PUGILIST
f. pugil, f. base of pugnus = fist, pugnre =
A377
fight
PULMONARY
pulmnrius, f. pulm, -n- = lung
A377
PYREXIA
A380
(path.) febrile
disease
L. f. Gr. prexis, f. purssein = be feverish, f.

pur = fire
turning in every
direction
ququ versus, i.e. ququ = where-,

whithersoever, versus = turned, towards
Q
QUAQUAVERSAL
A382
R
racmus = cluster of grapes
RACEME
A386
RACHITIS
(med.) rickets
L. Gr. rhakhitits, f. rhkhis = spine, ridge
pert. to radiation
radins, -ant-, prp. of radire = radiate, f.

radius = ray
rdcula, dim. of rdx, rdc- = root
A386
RADIANT
A386
RADICLE
RADIUS
RAPID
RATIO
(bot.) part of the

embryo which
develops into the
A386 primary root
(techn.) rod, bar,
A386 ray
acting or
A388 happening quickly
ration
A389
radius = staff, spoke, ray, radius of a circle,

of the arm
rapidus = lit. carrying along or away, f.
rapere = seize, carry off quickly or violently
rati, -n- = reckoning, judgment,
understanding, reasoning, method, motive, f.
rat-, pp. stem of rr = think, reckon
f. ravicus, f. ravus = hoarse
RAUCOUS
A389
RECIPE
A392
RECOGNITION
A392
RECRUDESCENCE
A393
REGURGITATE
A396
RELEGATE
A397
RELUCTANT
A397
REMANET
formula for a dish recipe, imper. sg. of recipere = receive

in cookery
indentification of a recogniti, -n-, f. recognit-, pp. stem of
person or thing
f. recrdescere, f. re- + crdscere = become
raw
cast out again
f. pp. stem of regurgitre, f. re- + gurgitre =
engulf, f. gurges, -git- = whirlpool
consign to
obscurity
re- + lgre = send
unwilling
reluctns, -ant-, prp. of reluctr = struggle
against, f. re- + luctr = struggle
(leg.) cause of
L. = there or it remains, 3rd sg. pres. ind. of
which the hearing remanre = remain
is postponed
A397
REPAND
(nat. hist.)
undulating, wavy
genus of plants
including
A400 mignonette
intr.
A398
RESEDA
REVOLVE
repandus = bent backwards, f. re- + pandus

= bent
resda, f. imper. of resdre = assuage, allay,
with ref. to the plants supposed curative
powers
A403
RICTUS
A404
RISIBLE
A406
ROMANIC
A407
ROSACEOUS
A408
ROSTRUM
A408
ROTUND
(techn.) throat,
orifice, gape
pert. to laughter;
laughable
Romance,
Romance-speaking
resembling the
roses
platform, stage,
pulpit
round, rounded
L. = open mouth, f. ppl. stem of ring = gape
reddish
rfus, rel. to ruber = red
wrinkled
rgsus, f. rga = wrinkle
irregularly sawtoothed
runcintus, f. runcina = joiners plane
prominent
risibilis, f. rs, pp. stem of rdre = laugh

Rmnicus, f. Rmnus = Roman
rosceus, f. rosa = rose
rotundus, f. rotre = rotate
A408
RUFOUS
A410
RUGOSE
A410
RUNCINATE
A410
S
SALIENT
A414
expedient for
saving ones
reputation or
soothing ones
A415 conscience, etc.
healthy in body
SALVO
SANE
A416
SAPONACEOUS
A417
SARCOPHAGUS
A417
SARMENTOSE
salv, abl. of n. of salvus = uninjured, intact,

safe, occuring as the first word of law phr.
such as salvo jure = without prejudice to the
right of
snus
soapy
spnceus, f. sp, -n- = soap
stone coffin
L. Gr. sarkophgos, sb. use of adj. f. srx,

sark- = flesh + -phgos = -eating
sarmentsus, f. sarmentum = twigs lopped
off, brush-wood, f. sarpere = prune, lop
(bot.) producing
slender prostrate
branches or
A417 runners
soak thoroughly
f. pp. stem of saturre, f. satur = full,

satiated
SCALENE
(of a triangle)
scalnus Gr. skalns = uneven, unequal,
having three
scalene, rel. to skolis = oblique, crooked,
A419 unequal sides
sklos = leg
SCALPEL
small light knife
scalpellum, -us, dim. of scalper, scalprum =
for surgical
cutting tool, chisel, knife, f. base of scalpere
= scratch, carve
A420 , B439 operations
SCAN
look at searchingly scandere = climb, measure
SATURATE
A418
A420
boat-shaped
SCAPHOID
A420
stormy encounter
SCENE
A421
characteristic of
the schools,
pedantic
SCHOLASTIC
A421
greasy, oily
SEBACEOUS
scaphods Gr. skaphoeids, f. skphos =

boat
skhlol = leisure
sbceus, f. sbum = tallow
A426
SECEDE
withdraw from an
association
produce by
A426 secretion
hide out of sight
scdere, f. se- + cdere = go, cede
A426
SECRETE
SECRETE
f. scrt-, pp. ste of scernere = separate

alt. after scrtus = secret, of secret
A426
seed of male
animals
SEMEN
smen, f. base of serere = sow
A428
SENSATION
condition of
excited feeling
(anat., bot., zool.)
dividing wall or
A429 patition
sensati, -n-, f. snsus = sense
A429
SEPTUM
sptum, sptum, f. spre, spre = enclose,

f. spes, spes = hedge
SERPULA
SERVAL
marine annelid
which inhabits a
tortuous
A430 calcareous tube
lynx; bush cat
use of serpula, dim. f. serpere = creep
L., F. serval Pg., f. L. cervo cervus = deer
A430
SESSILE
SIGLA
SILIQUA
(path.) adhering
close to the
surface; (nat. hist.)
immediately
attached to the
A431 base
characters used as
A438 abbreviations
(bot.) pod of seeds
of the mustard
A439 family
sessilis, f. sess-, pp. stem of sedre = sit
sigla, perh. for singula, n. pl. of singulus =

single
siliqua = pod
SOMNAMBULISM
A449
SPADIX
f. somnus = sleep + ambulre = walk
SPARSE
sparsus, pp. of spargere = scatter
(bot.)
inflorescence
consisting of a
A451 thick fleshy spike
widely spaced or
distributed
L. spdx Gr. spdx = palm-branch
A452
SPATHE
SQUARROSE
STAMINA
(bot.) large
sheathing leaf
enveloping
A452 inflorescence
having scales, etc.
standing out at
A456 right angles
congenital vital
capacities
A458
containing tin
STANNIC
A459
STERCORACEOUS
A461
STIGMA
STIMULANT
pert. to dung
mark of disgrace,
(pl. stigmata)
mark(s)
corresponding to
those on the body
of the crucified
A462 Christ
adj.
A463
spatha Gr. spth = blade, paddle
squarrsus = scurfy, scabby

stannum = tin, properly stagnum = alloy of
silver and tin
f. stercus, stercor- = dung
L. Gr. stgma, -mat- = mark made by a
pointed instrument, brand, f. stig-, as in
stzein = prick
prp. of stimulre, f. stimulus = goad, spur,

incentive
make a demand for f. pp. stem of stipulr
STIPULATE
A463
STOLON
STRAP
(bot.) prostrate
branch that takes
A464 root at the tip
razor strop
stol, -n- = shoot, sucker

var. of strappus, stroppus
A465
STRIGOSE
A466
STROBILUS
(nat. hist.) covered

with stiff hairs
fir-cone
strigsus, f. striga = furrow, row of stiff hairs

L. Gr. strblos = anything twisted
A467
STROP
STRUTHIOUS
strip of leather,
etc., for
A467 sharpening a razor
pert. to an ostrich
A467
STULTIFY
A468
STYLUS
A468
SUBAUDITION
A469
SUBFUSC
A469
SUBULATE
A470
SUFFIX
A471
SUICIDE
A471
SULCATE
A471
(leg.) prove of
unsound mind
writing
instrument;
gnomon of a
sundial
mentally
supplying or
understanding
of dusky or
sombre hue
(nat. hist.) awlshaped; slender
and tapering
element attached
to the end of a
word
one who takes his
own life
grooved
struppus, stroppus
f. strthi- Gr. strouthon, f. strouthos =
sparrow, ostrich
stultificre, f. stultus = foolish
erron. sp. of stilus (Gr. stulos = column)
subaudti, -n-, f. subaudre = supply

mentally, f. sub- + audre = hear
subfuscus, var. of suffuscus, f. sub- + fuscus
= dark
sbula = awl
suffxum, n. pp. of suffgere, f. suf- = sub- +
fgere = fix
sucda, f. su = of oneself + -cda = -killer, f.
cdere = cut down, kill
sulctus, pp. of sulcre = plough, f. sulcus =
groove, furrow
summrius, f. summa = sum
done without
delay, (leg.)
carried out without
A473 certain formalities
SURD
(phon.) voiceless
surdus, rendering Gr. logos = speechless,
A473
irational, absurd
SUSCEPTIBLE
subject to
susceptibilis, f. suscept-, pp. stem of
A475 impression
suscipere, f. sub- + capere = take
SYMPOSIUM
drinking party,
symposium Gr. sumpsion, f. sumpts =
convivial meeting fellow-drinker, f. sym- + potfor conversation,
etc.; meeting for
A478 discussian
SUMMARY
SYNTHESIS
formation of a
compound by
combining its
A479 elements
L. Gr. snthesis, f. suntithnai, f. syn- +

tithnai = place, put
Syphilis, title of a poem in full Syphilis sive
Morbus Gallicus = Syphilis or the French
disease, 1530, by Girolamo Fracastoro,
physician, astronomer, and poet, of Verona,
the poem is the story of a shepherd Syphilus,
represented as the first sufferer
SYPHILIS
A479
T
faculty of mental
perception; sense
of propriety,
faculty of doing
the right thing at
A480 , B513 the right time
TAENIA , TENIA
tapeworm
TACT
tactus = touch, f. tag-, base of tangere =

touch
L. Gr. tain
A480
TALUS
(anat.) ankle,
astragalus
applied to other
spiders (beside the
large wolf-spider
A482 of S. Europe)
(drug prepared
A483 from) dandelion
top with four sides
lettered to decide
the spinners luck
L.
A481
TARANTULA
TARAXACUM
TEETOTUM
A485
TELLURIUM
A485
(min.) one of the

rarer elements
L. It. Tarantola, f. Taranto, where it is

commonly found
L. Arab. Pers. = bitter herb
orig. T totum, formed by prefixing to ttum =
all, the whole, its initial T, which stood on
one of the four sides, the other letters A, D, N
standing for aufer, depone, nihil
tells, tellr- = earth
tentre, var. of temptre = feel, try
TENTACLE
A486
termes, termit- = woodworm, alt. of tarmes =

woodworm
L. = earth (as in terracotta)
TERMITE
A487
TERRA
A487
neatly concise
TERSE
tersus, pp. of tergre = wipe
A487
TEUTON
THALAMUS
member of a
people of
unknown race
reckoned among
the peoples of
A488 Germania
(anat.) part of the
brain at which a
Teuton, Teutons (pl.), f. IE. base meaning

people, country, land
L. Gr. thlamos = inner chamber
A488
THAUMATURGE
nerve originates;
receptable of a
flower
wonder-worker
A489
THRIPS
A492
THYRSUS , PL .
THYRSI
A493
TIARA
A493
TIBIA
A493
TINT
A495
TRANSPIRE
A502 , B482
TRIFID
A504
TRITON
minute insect
infecting plants
(Gr. and Rom.
antiq.) staff or
spear tipped with a
pine-cone
ornament; (bot.)
form of
inflorescence
ladys ornamental
headband
larger of the two
bones of the lower
leg
(slight or delicate)
hue
come to be known,
leak out
divided into three
genus of marine
gasteropods; (Gr.
and Rom. myth.)
sea-god, son of
Poseidon and
A505 Amphitrite
TRIVIAL
of small account;
A506 (nat. hist.) specific
TROPAEOLUM
S. Amer. genus of
herbs
A506
of inflated style
TURGID
thaumaturgus Gr. thaumatourgs, f.

thauma, thaumat- = wonder + -ergos =
working
L. Gr. thrps, pl. thripes = wood-worm
L. Gr. thrsos = stalk of a plant
tira Gr. tira, tiras, partly through It.

tiara
tbia = shin-bone, flute
tinctus = dyeing, f. pp. stem of tingere = dye,
tinge
trifidus, f. tri- + fid-, base of findere = split
(Gr. and Rom. myth.) sea-god, son of
Poseidon and Amphitrite - Trtn Gr.
Trtn

f. tropum = trophy; so called from the
resemblance of the leaf to a shield and of the
flower to a helmet
turgidus, f. turgre = swell
A509
TYPHUS
infectious fever
tphus Gr. tuphos = smoke, vapour, stupor,

f. tphein = smoke
locally more
remote
pert. to the
R.C.Ch. beyond
(i.e. south of) the
Alps, (and hence)
the Italian party
ulterior = further, more distant, compar. of

ulter
ultrmontnus, f. ultra- + montnus
A511
U
ULTERIOR
A512
ULTRAMONTANE
favouring such
views
boss of a shield;
round or conical
A513 projection
(paleogr.) after
unciales litter,
having the large
rounded forms
characteristic of
early Gr. and L.
A513 manuscripts
hook-shaped
A512
UMBO
UNCIAL
UNCIFORM
umb = boss of shield

uncilis, f. uncia = inch, ounce
uncus = hook
A513
UNIT
URCEOLATE
quantity serving as nus = one, prob. after digit

a standard of
A515 measurement
pitcher-shaped
f. urceolus, dim. of urceus = pitcher
A517
V
withdraw from
VACATE
A519
VACCINE
VAGARY
in v. disease =
cowpox, v. matter
or virus v., v.
inoculation =
A519 vaccination
fantastic notion
f. pp. stem of vacre = be empty or

unoccupied
vaccnus, as used in modL. variol vaccin
= cowpox, virus vaccinus = virus of cowpox
used in vaccination, f. vacca = cow
vagr = wander
A519
VAGINA
sheath, theca
vgna = sheath, scabbard
A519
VALETUDINARY
sb.
valtdinrius = in ill health, f. valtd,

-din- = state of health, f. valre = be strong
or well
vapidus, rel. to vappa = flat or sour wine
A519
VAPID
flat, insipid (of

talk)
(of a vein) affected
A520 with a varix
(med.) smallpox
A520
VARICOSE
VARIOLA
A520
VARIORUM
VECTOR
edition of a work
containing the
observations of
various
A520 commentators
(astron.) for
radius v. =
variable line
drawn to a curve
varicsus, f. varix, -ic- = dilated vein

variola = pustule, pock, f. varius = speckled,
variegated, various
g. pl. m. of varius = various; in phr. editio
cum notis variorum = edition with the notes
of various (editors)
vector = carrier, traveller, rider, f. vect-, pp.
stem of vehere = carry
A521
VELAR
VELUM
form a fixed point

(archit.)
A522 resembling a sail
(anat.) soft palate
A522
mercenary
VENAL
A522
VENTILATE
A523
VENUS
A523
VERACIOUS
A523
VERMICULAR
A524
VERSICOLOURED
A524
VESTIBULE
A525 , B568
VETERINARY
VETO
VEXILLUM
VIA
winnow;
increase (flame),
set (air) in motion;
blow upon; supply
with fresh air
(member of) genus
of bivalve
molluscs
conforming to the
truth
pert. to a worm or
worms, vermiform
of changing colour
(anat., zool.)
pert. to the
treatment of cattle
and domestic
A525 animals
act of a competent
person or body of
preventing
A525 legislation
banner; (bot.) large
external petal of a
papilionaceous
A525 flower
by way of
vlris, f. vlum = curtain

v. pendulum = veil of the palate; vlum =
curtain, sail, veil
vnlis, f. vnum, obl. cases of vnus = that
is for sale
ventus = wind
f. vrx, vrc-, f. vrus = true
vermiculris, f. vermiculus, dim. of vermis =
worm
f. versicolor, f. versus, pp. of vertere = turn +
color = colour
vestibulum
veternrius, f. veternus = pert. to cattle
(vetern fem. pl., veterna n. pl. = cattle),
perh. f. vetus, veter- = old
vet = I forbid (1st pers. sg. pres. ind. of
vetere)
vexillum = banner, f. base of vehere = carry
vi, abl. of via = via
A525
VIBURNUM
VICE
shrub of genus
Viburnum, e.g.
A525 guelder rose
in place of
A525
VICENNIAL
VILLA
VINCULUM
(Sc. law)
extending to 20
A526 years
residence in the
suburbs of a town
or in a residential
A526 district
(math.) straight
L. = wayfaring-tree
abl. of vix, extant only in obl. forms vicis,
vicem, vice, vics, vicibus
f. vcennium, f. vcies = 20 times
vlla = country house, farm (partly It. villa)
f. vincre = bind
line drawn over

two or more terms
(path.) poison of a
A528 disease
soft internal organ
A528 of the body
pert. to the object
A528 of sight
(biol.) yolk of egg
A527
VIRUS
VISCUS
VISUAL
VITELLUS
vrus, rel. to OIr., Gr., Skr.

L.
vsulis, f. vsus = sight, f. vs
L.
A528
f. vvi-, comb. form of vvus = alive +

section, after dissection, f. secre = cut
voluntrius, f. volunts = will, for voluntits
VIVISECTION
A528
VOLUNTARY
VOLVA
VOMER
VORTEX
VOX
sb. piece of music

selected by an
organist to be
played e.g. while a
congregation
A529 departs
(bot.) membrane
L., f. volvere = roll, wrap
A529 covering fungi
(anat., etc.) applied L. = ploughshare
A529 to various bones
violent eddy
vortex = eddy, whirlpool, whirlwind, var. of
A529
vertex = vertex
in v. angelica, v.
vx, vc- = voice
humana = angelic,
human voice,
organ stops
imitative of vocal
A530 sounds
W
--X
--Y
--Z
ZINNIA
A551
plant of the genus

Zinnia
f. name of J.G. Zinn, German botanish
11.
The Nineteenth Century
A
ABDUCT
A1
ABNORMAL
A2
ABORIGINE
A2
ACNE
A4
ACTUARY
AD LIB .
AEGROTAT
AGENDA
who compiles
statistics of
A4 mortaility etc.
abbrev. of ad
A5 libitum
certificate of
A7 illness
items of business
to be considered
f. abduct-, pp. stem of abdcere, f. ab- +

dcere = lead, carry
refash. after abnormous or its source
abnormlis, f. ab- + normlis, f. norma = a
carpenters square, rule, pattern
aborgins = pl. the first inhabitants of
Latium and Italy; usu. expl. as f. ab orgine =
from the beginning; but perh. a proper name
alt. by pop. etym.
acn, deduced from a misreading akns for
akms, acc. pl. of Gr. akm = eruption on the
face
cturius = shorthand writer, keeper of
accounts, f. ctus = doing
ad = according to, libitum = pleasure
3rd pers. sing. pres. indic. of grtre = be
sick, f. ger, gr- = sick
pl. of agendum, sb. use of n. gerundive of
agere = do
A8
AGORAPHOBIA
A9
ALKALI
morbid dread of
public places
(chem.) hydroxide
L., irreg. f. Gr. agor = (place of) assembly,

market-place
A11
of sodium,
potassium, etc.
ALMA MATER
fry
L. = bounteous mother
A12
almen, almin- = alum
ALUMINIUM
A12
L. Gr. amns
AMNESIA
A14
(zool.)
miscroscopic
animalcule of the
class Protozoa, the
shape of which is
perpetually
A14 changing
ANACRUSIS
(pros.) unstressed
syllable at the
A15 beginning of a line
ANAEMIA
morbid lack of
A15 blood
ANAESTHESIA
loss of feeling or
A15 sensation
ANIMUS
hostile spirit
AMOEBA
L. Gr. amoib = change
L. Gr. ankrousis
L. Gr. anaim, f. an- + haima = blood
L. Gr. anaisths, f. an- + asthsis =
sensation
animus = spirit
A17
goose-like
ANSERINE
ansernus, f. anser = goose
A17
ANTE
ANTHRAX
APHASIA
APPLICABLE
(in poker) stake

put up by the
player before
A17 drawing new cards
disease of sheep
A18 and cattle
(med.) loss of
A19 speech
pertinent
ante = before
L. Gr. nthrax = coal, carbuncle

L. Gr. aphas, f. a- + phnai = speak
applicre, f. ap- + plicre = fold
A20
APPROXIMATE
A20
nearly exact
APSE
arched or domed
recess in a church
kiwi
A21
APTERYX
approximtus, pp. of approximre, f. ap- +

proximus = nearest
apsis, apsid- Gr. hapss = vault
L., f. a- + Gr. ptrux = wing
A21
aqua marna = sea water, aqua = water,

marna fem. of marnus = marine, sea
sb. use of n. sg. of aqurius = of water, f.
aqua = water
AQUAMARINE
A21
AQUARIUM
A21
strong syllable
ARSIS
A23
ARTEFACT ,
L. Gr. rsis = lifting, raising, f. arein =

raise
f. arte, abl. sg. of ars, art-, f. base ar- = put
together, join, fit + factum, n.pp. of facere =

make, do
ARTIFACT
A23
L., f. Gr. asps, aspid- = shield
ASPIDISTRA
A24
ASSIBILATE
make sibilant
f. pp. of assbilre
sever, austere
astringns, -ent-, f. astringere, f. ad- +

stringere = bind, draw tight
trium
A25
ASTRINGENT
A26 , B22
ATRIUM
ATROPINE
(anat.) chamber of
an organ of the
A27 body
alkaloid poison
from deadly nightA27 shade
AURAL
f. atropa = deadly nightshade, fem. f. Gr.

tropos (Inflexible) name of one of the
Fates, f. a- + trpos = turn
auris = ear
A28
avunculus = uncle
AVUNCULAR
A29
B
mod. use of dim. of baculum = rod, stick
BACILLUS
A31
BACTERIUM
A31
BICAMERAL
A40
BINOCULAR
A41
BOA
A44
BOMBINATE
A45
BOTULISM
A47
having two
legislative
chambers
sb. pl. field or
opera glasses
large S. American
snake
make a buzzing
noise
poisoning by a
bacillus found in
infected sausages,
etc.
L. Gr. baktrion, dim. of baktr = staff,

cane
bi- + camera = chamber
bn = two together + oculus = eye
L. use of L. boa
f. pp. stem of bombinre, also bombilre
botulus = sausage
bovnus, f. bs, bov- = ox
BOVINE
A47
BUCCAL
pert. to the
bucca = cheek, mouth
cheek(s)
butyric acid, found btrum = butter
A56 in rancid butter
A52
BUTYRIC
C
CAESIUM
A58
CALCIUM
A58
(chem.) metallic
element
n. of csius = bluish-grey
calc- , f. calx = lime(stone) Gr. khlix =
pebble, limestone
CAMPANOLOGY
A60
CANDELABRUM
A60
CASEIN
A64
bell-ringing
campnologia, f. campna = bell

candla = candle
protein constituent
of milk
CASTELLATED
furnished with
A65 castles
CATALYSIS
chemical action
brought about by a
substance that
remains
A65 unchanged
CATAPULT
(mil.) shooting
instrument
consisting of a
forked stick with
A66 , B76 elastic band
f. caseus = cheese
CEREAL
cerelis = pert. to the cultivation of grain, f.

Cers = goddess of agriculture
cerebrum
A68
CEREBRAL
f. castelltus, f. castellum = castle

L. Gr. katlusis, f. katalein = dissolve, f.
cata- + lein = loosen
catapulta Gr. kataplts, f. cata- + pel-,

var. base of pallein = hurl
A68
CERIUM
(chem.) metallic
element
(hist.) one of the
Eng. political
reformers who
upheld the
Peoples Charter
A71 of 1837
figure of speech in
which the order of
parallel words in
A73 phrases is inverted
convulsive
disorder of the
A75 body
pert. to a chorus
named after the asteroid Ceres
A69
CHARTIST
CHIASMUS
CHOREA
CHORIC
f. charta = charter
L. Gr. khiasms = crossing, diagonal

arrangement, f. khizein = mark with letter X
(kh)
short for chorea sancti Viti = St. Vituss
dance; chora Gr. khore, f. khors =
chorus
choricus Gr. khoriks, f. khors = chorus
A75
CICADA
insect
cicda, also cicla
(path.) disease of
the liver occurring
in spirit-drinkers,
orig. so called
from the presence
of yellow granules
form of cloud
having the
appearance of
L. f. Gr. kirrhs = orange-tawny
A76
CIRRHOSIS
A77
CIRRUS
A77
L. = curl
wisps
f. claustro- - taken as comb. form of
claustrum = cloister + phobia Gr. phob =
horror, fear
CLAUSTROPHOBI
A
A79
CLINIC
CLOACA
CLYPEUS
COCCUS
COGNOMEN
private or
specialized
A80 hospital
(anat.) excretory
A80 canal
(ent.) shieldshaped part of the
A81 head of insects
(bot., med.) (pl.)
cocci carpel of a
dried fruit;
rounded form of
A82 bacterium
third name of a
Roman citizen;
distinguishing
A83 epithet; (sur)name
COLLABORATE
A84
COMITY
A86
COMMISURE
A86
COMPLICATE
friendly
undestanding
(physiol.) bundles
of nerve-substance
make complex
A88
CONATION
(philos.) faculty of
volition
composition of
sand or gravel and
A90 cement
clnicus Gr. klniks, f. kln = bed

cloca, cluca, rel. to cluere = cleanse
clipeus, clupeus = shield
L. Gr. kkkos = berry, seed
f. co- + gnmen = name
f. pp. stem of collabrre, f. col- + labor =

labour
cmits, f. cmis = courteous
commissra, f. commiss-, pp. stem of
committere = put together
f. pp. stem of complicre, f. com- + plicre =
fold
cnti, -n-, f. cnr, -t- = endeavour
A89
CONCRETE
CONDONE
A90
seize summarily
CONFISCATE
A91
CONFLATION
A91
CONGLOMERATE
A92
fusion of textural
readings
(geol.) formed of
fragments
cemented together
concrtus, pp. of concrscere = grow

condnre = refrain from punishment as a
favour, f. con- + dnre = give
confiscre, -t-, f. con- + fiscus = chest,
treasury
confti, -n- = fanning, fusion, f. conflre =
kindle, effect, fuse
cnifer, f. cnus = cone
CONIFER
A92
CONSCRIPT
CONSENSUS
enrolled by
compulsory
A93 enlistment
general agreement
conscriptus, pp. of conscrbere = enrol, f.

con- + scrbere = write
f. consns-, pp. stem of consentre = consent
A93
CONSPECTUS
A93
having the power

to frame a
A94 constitution
CONSTRICTION
constricted part
CONSTITUENT
A94
percentable which
a buyer of stock
pays to the seller
to postpone
A94 transfer
CONTANGO
CONVECTION
A96
CO- ORDINATE
A97
(math.) each of
two or more
magnitudes used
to define a
position
CORRIGENDUM ,
PL . CORRIGENDA
A99
CORRUGATED
A99
CRATER
CREMATE
A104
cruciferoous plant
CRUCIFER
constricti, -n-, f. constrict-, pp. stem of

constringere = bind tightly together
1st. pers. sing. in -, poss. with the notion I
make contingent
convecti, -n-, f. convect-, pp. stem of

convehere, f. con- + vehere = carry
f. co- + ordintus, pp. of ordinre = arrange,
ordain
L., sb. use of n. of gerundive of corrigere =

correct
of iron, etc.
(wrinkled)
hood-shaped top
A101 of a chimney
hole made in the
ground by an
A103 explosion
COWL
f. conspect-, pp. stem of conspicere = look

attentively, f. con- + specere = look
f. pp. of corrgre, f. cor- + rgre, f. rga

= wrinkle
cuculla, f. cucullus = hood of a cloak
crtr = bowl, basin, aperture of a volcano
Gr. krtr = bowl, lit. mixing-vessel
f. stem of cremre or back-formation from
cremation
f. crux, cruc- = cross
A106
CRUX , PL.
CRUXES , -CES
CUBICLE
CURIA
difficulty the
solution of which
A106 perplexes
one of a series of
A107 sleeping-rooms
Papal Court
A108
CURT
A109
so brief as to be
lacking in courtesy
L. = cross; short for crux interpretum, crux

philosophorum = torment of interpreters, of
philosophers
cubiculum, f. cubre = recline, lie in bed
cria = division of the Roman people, its
place of assembly, senate
curtus = cut short
D
DEBENTURE
bond issued by a
corporation
acknowledging
indebtedness for
A114 interest

invest with an
honour
DECORATE
A115
DEFALCATE
A116
DEFECATE
commit
defalcation
void the faeces

decent-, pp. of decre = be fitting
f. pp. stem of dfalcre, f. de- + falx, falc-=
sickle, scythe
dfctus, -re, f. de- + fx, fces = dregs
A116
DEMIURGE
DENSE
creator of the
world (in
A118 Platonism)
stupid
A119 , B120
DEPLETE
A119
DETRITUS
A122
DIALYSIS
A123
empty
matter produced
rubbing away
(chem.) separation
of the soluble
crystalloid
substances in a
mixture from the
colloid
four Gospels
dmirgus Gr. dmiourgs =

handicraftsman, artisan, etc., f. dmios =
public + erg- = work
dnsus
f. dplt-, pp. stem of dplre, f. de- + plre =
fill
dtrtus, f. dtr of dterere = wear away, f.
de- + terere = rub
L Gr. dilusis, f. dialein = part asunder, f.
dia- + lein = set free
DILUVIAL

dluvilis, f. dluvium = flood, deluge
DITHYRAMB
L. F. diphthrie, substituted for earlier

dphthrite, f. Gr. dphthr, dphthers =
skin, hide, piece of leather
dirimns, -ent-, prp. of dirimere = separate,
interrupt, f. dis- + emere = take
dthyrambus Gr. dthrambos
DIATESSARON
A123
(geol.) caused by
extraordinary
action of water on
A125 a large scale
DIPHTHERIA
infectious disease
affecting chiefly
A126 the throat
DIRIMENT
nullifying
A126
inflated discourse
A130
DOCENT
DUOLOGUE
sb. teacher in a
college or
A131 university
dramatic piece for
A138 two actors
docns, -ent-, prp. of docre = teach

f. duo = two or Gr. do = two
E
eating, devouring
EDACIOUS
f. edx, edc-, f. edere = eat
A142
EDENTATE
EFFERENT
of the order of
Edentata, which
lack incisor and
A142 canine teeth
conducting
A142 outwards
denttus, f. e- + dns, dent- = tooth
efferns, -ent-, prp. of effere, f. ef- + ferre =

bear
sb.
EFFLUENT
A143
EGO
A143
ELATER
A143
EMBOLISM
A146
EMERITUS
A146
EMPHASIS
A146
ENCRINITE
A148
ENCYCLICAL
A148
ENDORSE
A148
EUCALYPTUS
A157
EUCHARIS
A157
EXPECTORATE
A161
EXPONENT
A161
EXSERT
A162
effluns, -ent-, prp. of effluere, f. ef- + fluere

= flow
(philos.) conscious the pronoun I
thinking subject
skipjack beetle;
L. Gr. elatr = driver
(bot.) elastic spiral
filament
plugging of a
embolismus Gr. embolisms, f. embllein =
blood-vessel
throw in, insert, f. em- + bllein = throw
honourably
pp. of merr = earn by service, f. e- +
discharged from
merr = deserve
service
prominence
(geol.) fossil
f. encrinus, f. en- + Gr. krinon = lily
crinoid
sb.
encyclicus, f. Gr. egkklios = circular,
general, f. en- + kklos = circle
confirm,
indorsre, f. in- + dorsum = back
countenance
intended to denote well-covered ( f. eu- +
Gr. kalupts = covered, f. kalptein = cover,
conceal), the flower before it opens being
protected by a cap
S. Amer. plant
L. Gr. ekharis = pleasing, f. eu- + khris =
with bell-shaped
grace
flowers used for
bouquets, etc.
spit
f. pp. stem of expectorre, f. ex- + pectus,
pector- = breast
expounder,
interpreter
(biol.) thrust out or f. exsert-, pp. stem of exserere = put forth,, f.
forth
ex- + serere = bind, entwine, join
F
factitvus, f. fact-, pp. stem of facere = do
FACTITIVE
A164
FALCATE
A165
FALDSTOOL
A165
(nat.hist.) sickleshaped
armless chair used
by prelates, etc.
falctus, f. falx, falc- = sickle

faldistolium WGmc. faldistl = late OE.
fldestl, fyld(e)stl, f. Gmc. falban = fold +
stlaz = stool
fds = faith
doctrine that
knowledge
A170 depends upon faith
FLAVINE
(chem.) yellow
flvus = yellow
A174 dye-stuff
FLOCCULENT
like tufts of wool
floccus = flock
FIDEISM
A175
period of
flourishing
FOLIATION
consecutive
A177 number of folios
FRAMBOESIA
yaws, characteried
by raspberry-like
A181 excrescences
3rd sg. pt. indic. of flrre = flourish
FREESIA
L. f. the name of Friedrich H.T. Freese,

German physician
fricatvus, f. fricre = rub
FLORUIT
A175
A182
FRICATIVE
folio
L. f. OF. framboise = raspberry + -ia
A183
spotted butterfly
FRITILLARY
A183
FUNICULAR
A185
FURCATE
depending on a
rope or its tension
forked
fritillria, f. fritillus = dice-box, presumably

applied ot the chessboard
fniculus, dim. of fnis = rope
furctus, f. furca = fork
A185
G
kind of lyric metre
GALLIAMBIC
A188
(chem.) metallic
element
GELIGNITE
variety of gelatin
A191 dynamite
GLAGOLITIC
early Slavonic
A194 alphabet
GALLIUM
A188
GLOXINIA
A196
ablaut
GRADATION
A198
GRALLATORIAL
A199
GRAPHIC
A200
GRAVAMEN
A200
GREMIAL
A201
GURGITATION
A205
GYNAECEUM
A206
GYRATE
A206
(ornithology)
wading
characterized by
diagrams
part of an
accusation that
bears most heavily
(eccl.) apron for a
bishops lap
surging up and
down, ebullient
motion
(bot.) female
organs
move in a circle or
spiral
f. galliambus = song of the Gall or priests of

Cybele
said to be f. gallus = cock, tr. the name of its
discoverer, Lecoq de Boisbaudran
perh. f. gel(atin) + ignis = fire
glagoliticus, f. Serbo-Croation glagolica, f.
glagol = word
named after B.P. Gloxin, German botanish,
who described the plant in 1785
f. gralltrius, f. gralltor = walker on stilts,
f. grall = stilts
drawing, writing
grvmen = physical inconvenience, f.
gravre = weigh upon, oppress, f. gravis =
heavy, grave
gremilis, le, f. gremium = lap, bosom
gurgitti, -n-, f. gurgitre = engulf, f.
gurges, gurgit- = gulf, abyss
L. Gr. gunaikeion, f. gun, gunaik- =
woman
f. pp. stem grre, f. gus Gr. guros = ring,
circle
f. halitus = breath, exhalation
HALITOSIS
A208
spend the winter
HIBERNATE
A216
short for
hippopotamus
HIPPO
A217
system of medical
practice in which
likes are cured by
A219 likes
genus of climbing
A221 plants
pert. to matter
HOMOEOPATHY
HOYA
HYLIC
A224
HYRAX
genus of rabbitlike quadrupeds

functional
disturbance of the
nervous system,
which was thought
to be due to
disturbance of the
A225 uterine functions
f. pp. stem of hbernre, f. hberna = winter

quarters, n. pl. of hbernus = pert. to winter,
f. hiems = winter
L. Gr. hippoptamos, for earlier hppos ho
potmios = the horse of the river (potams =
river)
homopathia, G. homoopathie, f. Gr.
hmoios = like + -ptheia = -pathy
f. name of Thomas Hoy, Eng. gardener
hlicus Gr. hliks = material, f. hl =
wood, matter
L. Gr. hrax = shrew-mouse
A224
HYSTERIA
hystericus Gr. husteriks, f. hustr =

womb
I
ICON, IKON
ILLUMINATI
IMMUNE
IMPERATIVE
representation in
the flat of a sacred
A227 personage
applied to several
sects claiming
special
A228 enlightenment
secure from
A229 contagion etc.
urgent
A229
empty-handed
INANE
cn Gr. eikn = likeness, image

pl. of illmintus, pp. of illminre, f. il- +
lmen, lmin- = light
immnis = exempt from a service or charge,
f. im- + mnis = ready for service
impertvus, f. impert-, pp. stem of
imperre = command
innis = empty, vain
A231
beginning or first
words of a literary
A232 work
INCRIMINATE
involve in an
accusation,
A232 inculpate
INCULPATE
incriminate
INCIPIT
A232
INCUNABULA
earliest stages or
first beginnings;
3rd pers. sg. pres. ind. of incipere = begin, f.

in- + capere = take
f. pp. stem of incrminre = accuse, f. in- +
crmen = charge
f. pp. stem of inculpre, in- + culpre =
blame, censure, f. culpa = blame
n. pl. = swaddling-clothes, cradle, birthplace,
infancy, origin, f. in- + cnabula, f. cn =
A232
INDOMITABLE
A234
INDUSIUM
A234
INFLECT
A235
INFRA DIG .
A235
INSTALL
books produced in
the infancy of
printing, i.e.
before 1501
not to be
overcome
(bot.) membranous
shield of the sorus
of a fern
modulate the tone
of
cradle
indomitbillis, f. in- + domitre , frequent. of

domre = tame
L. = tunic, f. induere = put on
abbrev. of infr dignittem = beneath (ones)

dignity
to place in position installre, f. in- + stallum = stall
A237
INSTITUTE
A238
INTERPELLATION
A240
INTINCTION
A240
INVERTEBRA
A241
ISAGOGIC
society to promote
an object; building
used for this
interruption of the
order of the day in
the French
Chamber
(eccl.) dipping of
the bread in the
wine at the
Eucharist
(sb. pl.) animals
having no backbone
introductory
A242
ISATIN
ITEM
(chem.) crystalline
substance obtained
A242 from indigo
detail of news
A244
instittum = design, ordinance, precept, sb.

use of n. of pp. of instituere = establish,
ordain, teach, f. in- + statuere = set up
interpellti, -n-, f. interpellre = interupt
by speaking, f. inter- + -pellre = thrust or
direct oneself
intincti, -n-, f. intingere, f. in- + tingere =
dye, tinge
L. after F. invertbrs, f. in- + F. vertebre, L.
vertebra
saggicus Gr. eisaggiks, f. eisagg =
introduction, f. eisgein = introduce, f. eis =
into + gein = lead
isatis = woad
L. = just so, in like manner, moreover, f. ita
= so, based on the pronominal stem i-
J
fem. of Japonicus = Japanese
JAPONICA
A245
JOHANNINE
JUSSIVE
K
---
pert. to the apostle

and evangelist
A248 John
(gram.) expressing
A250 command
Ihanns = John
f. iuss-, pp. stem of iubre = command
L
LACERTIAN
pert. to the lizards
lacerta = lizard
pert. to a lake
lacus = lake
(of teeth) adapted

for tearing
(chem.) rare
metallic element
lanirius, f. lanire = tear with the nails, etc.
A256
LACUSTRINE
A256
LANIARY
A258
LANTHANUM
A258
LATERITE
A259
LAVABO
A260
LEONID
A263
LESBIAN
A264
LIGN -ALOES
A266
LIMEN
A266
LINOLEUM
A267
LITHIA
(min.) red porous

ferruginous rock
(eccl.) ritual
washing of the
celebrants hands
(astron.) one of a
group of meteors
which appear to
radiate from Leo
pert. to
homosexuality in
women; also sb.
aromatic wood of
a Mexican tree
(psych.) limit
below which a
stimulus ceases to
be perceptible
floor-cloth in
which a coating of
lin-seed oil is used
lithium oxide
A268
LITTORAL
A268
LOCOMOTIVE
sb. region along

the shore
of mechanism
A270
LOGAOEDIC
LORE
LORICATE
. S. D.
(pros.) composed
of dactyls
combined with
trochees or of
anapaests with
A270 iambs
(nat. hist.) strapA271 like part
having armour of
A271 plates or scales
L. f. Gr. lanthnein = escape the notice of

(from its having remained undetected in
cerium oxide)
f. later = brick
1st pers. sg. fut. ind. of lavre = wash, lave
le, -n- = lion
f. Lesbius, f. Lesbos, birthplace of the poetess

Sappho
lignum alos = wood of the aloe
lmen, lmin- = threshold
lnum = flax, line + oleum = oil

alt. of lithion (as if Gr. ltheion, n. of
ltheios = stony, f. lthos = stone)
littorlis, var. of ltorlis, f. ltus, ltor- =
shore
locmtvus, f. loc, abl. of locus = place +
mtvus = motive, after scholL. in loc
movr = movr locliter = move by change
of position in space
logadicus Gr. logaoidiks, f. lgos =
speech + aoid = song
lrum = strap
lrctus, f. lrca = breastplate, f. lrum =
strap
abbr. of libr = pounds, solid = shillings,
A272
ominous, ghastly
LURID
denari = pence
A273
M
MAGMA
(geol.) stratum of
fluid matter
animal of the class
mammalia, who
A279 suckle their young
(math.) decimal
A281 part of a logarithm
epithet of
mammals having a
pouch for their
A283 young
A276
MAMMAL
MANTISSA
MARSUPIAL
L. Gr. mgma = thick unguent, f. base

magof mssein = knead
mammlis, f. mamma = mother, teat, breast
mantissa, -sa = makeweight
marspilis, f. marspium = pouch Gr.
marspion, marspion, dim. of mrsipos =
purse, bag
f. pp. stem of masturbr, perh. alt. of man
stuprre = defile with the hand
medius = mid + vum = age
MASTURBATE
A284
MEDIEVAL
A287
liquid vehicle
MEDIUM
A287
inflammation of
the meninges
MERCIAN
dialect of the
Anglo-Saxon
A290 kingdom
METICULOUS
over-careful about
A295 details
MISCEGENATION
mixture of races
MENINGITIS

medius = mid
f. mninx, mning-, Gr. menigx, pl. mnigges
A289
Mercia, f. OE. M(i)erce = lit. people of the

march, borderers
metculsus, f. metus = fear
f. miscre = mix + genus = race
A295
MISSION
A296
MOB
personal duty or
vocation
gang of thieves
A297
MONAD
A298
MONETARY
A298 , B307
MONOPOLY
A299
simple organism,
element, etc.
commodity subject
to this
MONTBRETIA
iridaceous plant of
A299 genus Crocosmia
MORA
(pros.) unit of
A300 metrical time
MORATORIUM
legal authorization
to postpone
A300 payment
MORBID
unwholesome,

send
shortening of mobile vulgus = the excitable
or fickle crowd; movre = move, vulgus =
commonplace
monas, -ad- Gr. mons = unit, f. mnos =
alone
montarius, f. monta = mint
monoplium Gr. monoplion, -pl, f.
mnos = alone + plein = sell
f. name of A. F. E. Coquebert de Montbret,
French botanist
L.
sb. use of n. sg. of mortrius, f. pp. stem of
morr = delay
morbidus, f. morbus = disease
A300
MORPHIA
sickly
narcotic principle
of opium
A301
machine supplying
motive power
MOTU PROPRIO
papal rescript the
terms of which are
decided by the
A302 pope himself
MUSCOLOGY
study of mosses
MOTOR
morphia, alt. of morphium, f. Morpheus,

Ovids name for the god of dreams, son of
the god of sleep
mtor = mover, f. mt-, movre = move
A302
L. = by ones own motion, abl. of mtus =

motion, proprius = proper
muscologia, f. muscus = moss
A305
MYOSOTIS
A306
plant of the genus

so named
L. Gr. muosts, f. mus, f. of mus = mouse

+ ous, t- = ear
mthus mythos, f. Gr. muthos
mole on the skin
L.
MYTH
A307
N
NAEVUS
A308
(orig. in hunting)
succeed in getting
A310 over, etc.
NEMERTEAN ,
(one) of a class of
-INE
flat-worms
NEGOTIATE
f. pp. stem of negtir = carry on business,

f. negtium = business, f. neg- + tium =
leisure
Nemerts Gr. Nmerts = name of a seanymph
A311
connected group
NEXUS
f. nex-, pp. stem of nectere = bind
A312
NIHILISM
NIL
negative doctrines
in religion or
morals; extreme
revolutionary
principles
involving
destruction of
existing
A313 institutions
nothing
A313
rain-cloud
NIMBUS
f. nihil, short for nihilum, f. n, var. of n +

hlum = small thing
contr. of nihil, short for nihilum, f. n, var. of

n + hlum = small thing
A313
NISI
(leg.) attached to
decree, order, rule,
to indicate that
these are not
absolute or final,
but are to be taken
as valid unless
some cause is
A313 shown
nisi = unless
NONAGENARIAN
A314
90 years old
NONDESCRIPT
A314
not easily
described
NORM
f. nngnrius, f. nngn, distributive of

nnginta = ninety, f. novem = nine
f. non- + dscriptus, pp. of dscrbere =
describe
norma = carpenters square, pattern, rule
A315
NOVENA
nine days
devotion
(geol.) coinshaped fossil of a
foraminiferous
A316 cephalopod
novna, f. novem = nine
adj. opposite, (of a

figure) narrower at
the base or point
of attachment than
at the apex or top;
A319 counterpart
group of eight
obversus, pp. of obvertere = turn towards, f.

ob- + vertere = turn
A316
NUMMULITE
f. nummulus, dim. of nummus = coin
O
OBVERSE
OCTAD
octas, octad- Gr. okts, f. okt = eight
A320
OCTOROON
A320
ODYSSEY
person having
negro blood
long adventurous
journey
A320
frenzy
OESTRUS
f. oct = eight
transf. use of the name of the Homeric poem
describing the ten years wandering of
Odysseus Odyssa Gr. Odsseia, f.
Odusses
L. Gr. oistros
A321
OFFICIOUS
OPERATE
OPHIDIAN
(in diplomatic use)

friendly and
A321 informal
(orig. U.S.) cause
or direct the
A323 working of
serpent-like
A323
ORCHID
A325
unemployed
OTIOSE

f. opert-, pp. stem of operr = work, bestow
labour upon, f. oper- = opus
f. Ophidia = order of reptiles, f. Gr. phis,
ophid- = serpent
Orchide or Orchidace, f. orchid- wringly
assumed stem of orchis Gr. rkhis =
testicle, applied to the plants from the shape
of the tubers in most species
tisus, f. tium = leisure
A327
enthusiastic
applause
OVATION
A328
pert. to sheep
OVINE
A329

triumph, perh.f. Gr. euoi = exultant cry at the
Bacchanalia
ovnus, f. ovis = sheep
P
by leave of
PACE
A330
brilliant spectacle
PAGEANT
abl. of px, = peace, as in pce tu = by your

leave
AL. pagina
A331
PALIMPSEST
PALLADIUM
parchment, etc., in
which the original
writing has been
erased to make
A331 place for a second
metal of the
platinum group
A332
PALLIUM
A332
PALPEBRAL
(zool.) mantle of a
mollusc, etc.
pert. to the eyelids
A332
pert. to marshes
PALUDAL
A332
PAPAVERACEOUS
A334
PAREGORIC
of the poppy
family
sb. for p. elixir =
camphorated
tincture of opium
palimpsestus Gr. palmpsestos, f. plin =

again + psests, pp. formation on psen = rub
smooth
so named from the newly discovered asteroid
Pallas (L- Gr. palldion, f. Palls, -ad- =
epithet of the goddess Athene)
palpebrlis, f. palpebra = eyelid, rel. to
palpre = touch soothingly
pals, pald- = marsh
papver = poppy
pargoricus Gr. pargoriks =
encouraging, soothing, f. pargorein =
console, soothe, f. para- = beside + gor-,
var. of agor- in agoreein = speak in the
assembly
A336
pert. to residence
within walls of a
A337, B350 college
PARNASSIAN
epithet of school
A337 of French poetry
PARIETAL
PASSIM
A339
(anat.) fold of skin
PATAGIUM
A340
tufted, pencilled
PENICILLATE
parietlis, f. paris, pariet- = wall, partition

wall
f. Parnassus Gr. Parnasss = Parnassus,
mountain anciently sacred to the Muses
L. = here and there, everywhere, f. passus =
spread abroad, scattered, f. base of pandere =
spread out
patagium = gold edging of a tunic Gr.
patageion
f. pnicillum = pencil
A344
PENOLOGY
A344
PERMUTE
A347
PERPENDICULAR
PESSIMISM
scientific study of
punishment
transpose
applied to the third

style of English
pointed
A347 architecture
tendency to look
at the worst aspect
A348 of things
pna = penalty
perpendiculris, f. perpendiculum =
plummet, plumb-line, f. per- + pendre =
hang
pessimus = worst
L. f. F. petun = tobacco
PETUNIA
A349
pert. to or
representing vocal
sounds; science of
A350 speech-sounds
PITHECANTHROP
ape-man
PHONETIC
A355
PLANGENT
A356
PLASMA
A356
PODIUM
A359
POMOLOGY
A361
POPPET
A362
PORTAL
A363
PREFIX
loud-sounding,
orig. of waves
breaking on the
shore
colourless
coagulable liquid
of blood
(zool.) fore or hind
foot
science of fruitgrowing
(naut.) short piece
of wood
porta or tranverse
fissure of the liver
title prefixed
A367
PREVIOUS
A369
PRIMAL
coming too soon

(orig. U.S.)
principal
phnticus Gr. phntiks, f. phnts, ppl.

formation on phnein = speak, f. phn =
voice
pithcanthrpus, f . Gr. pthkos = ape +
nthrpos = man
plangns, -ent-, prp. of plangere = beat,
strike, noisily
fashion, form
L. = elevated place, balcony Gr. pdion,
dim. of pos, pod- = foot
pmologia, f. pmum = fruit, apple
portlis, f. porta = port, door
prfxum, sb. use of n. prfxus, pp. of
prfgere = fix in front
prvius, f. pr = pre- + via = way
prmlis, f. prmus = prime
A369
presiding bishop
in the Scottish
A370 Episcopal Church
PROCLITIC
(gram.) of a
monosyllable
closely linked with
the following
word and having
no accent of its
A371 own
PROCONSUL
governor of a
A371 modern colony
PROLETARIAN
wage-earning
PRIMUS
A372
PROSCENIUM
in the modern
prmus = prime, first

procliticus, f. Gr. proklnein = lean forward
prconsul, for pr consule = (one acting) for

the consul
prltrius = Roman citizen of the lowest
class under the constitution of Servius
Tullius, one who served the state not with his
property but only with his offspring,;
common, low, f. prltus = provided with
offspring, f. prls = offspring
proscnium Gr. prosknion, f. pro- + skn
PROTEUS
PSITTACOSIS
PULLULATE
theatre, space
between curtain
A374 and orchestra
ameoba; genus of
bacteria; genus of
A374 amphibians
contagious disease
of birds, esp.
A376 parrots
swarm
L. Gr. Protes
f. psittacus Gr. psittaks = parrot
chrystalis
f. pp. stem of pullulre = spring forth, grow,

f. pullulus, dim. of pullus = young of an
animal, chick
ppa = girl, doll
feverfew
L. Gr. prethron = feverfew
(zool.) genus of
large snakes
Pthn Gr. Pthn
(one) forty years

old
f. quadrgnrius, f. quadrgn, distrib. of

quadrgint = forty
A377
PUPA
= scene
A378
PYRETHRUM
A379
PYTHON
A380
Q
QUADREGENARIA
N
A381
QUANTIC
QUASI
(math.) rational,
integral
homogeneous
function of two or
A382 more variables
seemingly, almost
A382
(geol.) fourth in
order
QUATERNARY
A382
(math.)
QUATERNION
A382
QUINCENTENARY
A384
f. quantus = how great, how much, f. base of

qu, quis = who

four
quaterni, -n-, f. quatern = four together,
f. quater = four times, f. base of quattuor =
four
f. quinque = five + centenrius, containing a
hundred, f. centn = hundred each, f.
centum = hundred
R
RABID
affected with
rabidus, f. rabere = rave, be mad
rabies
advocate of radical radiclis, f. rdx, rdc- = root
A386 reform
radius = ray
A386
RADICAL
RADIUM
A386
RECENSION
critical revision of
a text, text so
A392 revised
recnsi, -n-, f. recnsre = reckon, survey,

review, revise, f. re- + cnsere = assess,
appraise
right-hand page of
a book when open,
A393 front of a leaf
RECUPERATE
(intr.) recover
A393 health, etc.
REDUPLICATE
(gram.)
RECTO
A394
freeze again
REGELATE
rct = on the right side, abl. of rctus =

right
occupre = occupy)
f. pp. stem of reduplicre, f. re- + duplicre
= duplicate
f. re- + pp. stem of gelre = freeze
A395
REGULUS
golden-crested
wren
convert mentally
A396 into a thing
restore to youth
A396
REIFY
REJUVENATE
rs = thing
f. re- + iuvenis = young
A396
refer for decision
RELEGATE
A397
refuse to
acknowledge (a
A399 debt, etc.)
RHADAMANTHIN inflexibly severe
REPUDIATE

re- + lgre = send
f. pp. stem of repudire, f. repudium =
divorce
f. Rhadamanthus, Gr. Rhadmanthos = one
of the judges in the lower world
A403
RHATANY
A403
RHEA
A403
RHESUS
A403
RIPARIAN
A405
RODENT
A407
ROGUE
A407
ROTA
S. Amer. shrub of
genus Krameria
tree-toed ostrich of
S. America
one of the
macaques
pert. to the banks
of rivers
gnawing,
belonging to the
Rodentia
savage elephant
living apart from
the herd
roster
rhatania Pg. ratanha, Sp. ratania

Quechua rataa
arbitrary use of the myth. female name Rhea
Gr. Rh
arbitrary use of L. Rhsus Gr. Rhesos,
name of a myth. king of Thrace
rprius, f. rpa = bank
sonorous
rotundus, f. rotre = rotate
element of the
alkali-metal group
imaginary
kingdom of
Central Europe in
Anthony Hopes
novels The
Priosoner of
Zenda and Rupert
rubidus, f. rub- of ruber = red
rdns, -ent-, prp. of rdere = gnaw

f. rogre = ask, beg
rota = wheel
A408
ROTUND
A408
RUBIDIM
A409
RURITANIA
rs, rr- = country + -tania, of Lusitania, etc.
RUTHENIUM
of Hentzau; transf.
petty state, esp. as
a scene of court
romance and
A411 intrigue
(chem.) metal of
the platinum
group, discovered
1828, being first
observed in
platinum ores in
the Ural
A411 mountains
f. Ruthenia = Russia
S
SABBATICAL
A412
SALERATUS
A414
SALIENT
A414
SALINE
A414
SALPIGLOSSIS
A414
SALTIGRADE
A415
SALVIA
A415
SANATORIUM
A415
of an academic
year of absence
from duty
(U.S.) impure
sodium
bicarbonate used
in baking-powders
sb. salient part or
angle
sb. salt lake, etc.;
saline purge
herbaceous
garden-plant
(zool.) spider
having legs
developed for
leaping
genus of plats,
including sage
establishment for
the treatment of
invalids; room for
the sick
SARTORIAL
A417
SCANSORIAL
pert. to climbing,
that climbs
gem cut in the
A420 form of a beetle
scarlet fever
A420
SCARAB
SCARLATINA
A421
SCILLA
A422
SCIURINE
A422
liliaceous plant of
the genus Scilla
pert. to squirrels
sabbaticus Gr. sabbatiks, f. sbbaton

Heb. = rest
sl rtus = aerated salt

salnum, f. sl = salt
L. f. Gr. slpigx = trumpet + glssa = tongue;
so named from its trumpet-shaped corolla
Saltigrad, pl. f. saltus = leap + grad = step
salvia = sage
sntrium, f. pp. stem of snre = heal, f.
snus = healthy, sane
f. sartor = tailor, f. pp. stem of sarcre =
patch, botch
f. scansrius, f. scans-, pp. stem of scandere
= climb
scarabus Gr. krabos = stag beetle
L. It. scarlattine, fem. of scarlattino, dim.
of scarlatto = scarlet
L. Gr. sklla
f. scirus Gr. skouros, f. ski = shadow +
our = tail
SCUTTLE
A425
SCUTUM
A425
SELACHIAN
A428
SEMITE
A428
SEPAL
A429
SEPS
A429
SEPSIS
bowl-like vessel
for coal
(nat. hist.) shieldshaped part or
segment
(pert. to) a shark or
allied fishes
Hebrew, Arab,
Assyrian, or
Aramaean,
regarded as a
descendant of
Shem
(bot.) division of
the calyx
skink of the genus
Chalcides
putrefaction
A429
SEPTENARIUS
A429
SEQUOIA
SESSILE
(pros.) line of 7
feet or stresses
(tree of a) genus of
large American
A430 conifers
sedentary

platter
techn. use of sctum = oblong shield
f. Selach ( Gr. selkh, pl. of slakhos =
shark) or Selachi
Smta, f. Sm Gr. Sm = Shem
sepalum, f. separate + petal

sps Gr. sps, base of spein = rot
L. Gr. sepsis, f. spein = rot, putrefy
L., f. septn, distributive of septem = seven
L., f. Sequoiah, name of a Cherokee Indian
who invented a syllabary for his native
language
sessilis, f. sess-, pp. stem of sedre = sit
A431
silicon dioxide
SILICA
f. silex, silic- = flint
A439
SMEGMA
SOLIPSISM
SONANT
(physiol.)
sebaceous
A445 secretion
(philos.) theory
that the self is the
only object of
A448 knowledge
(phon.) voiced
L. Gr. smegma, f. base of smkhein = rub,

cleanse
slus = sole + ipse = self
sonns, -ant-, prp. of sonre = sound
A449
SORGHUM
Chinese sugar
cane; genus of
A450 grasses
L. It. sorgo, perh. Rom. syricum

spatium = space
SPATIAL
A452
SPINIFEX
SPIRANT
coarse grass of the

Australian deserts,
having spiny
A454 leaves
(philol.)
spnifex, f. spna = spine + -fex = maker, f.

base of facere = make
sprns, -ant-, prp. of sprre = breathe
A454
SPIROMETER
instrument for
measuring
A454 breathing-power
sprre = breathe + ometer (o- + meter)
shark-like
SQUALOID
squalus = sea-fish, used in zool. for the shark
A456
vigour of bodily
constitution;
intellectual or
A458 moral robustness
STERTOROUS
pert. to snoring
STAMINA

stertere = snore
A462
STET
STIMULANT
direction to the
printer to restore
A462 deleted matter
sb.
A463
rigorously binding
STRINGENT
3rd pers. sg. pres. subj. of stre = stand = let

it stand
prp. of stimulre, f. stimulus = goad, spur,
incentive
stringent-, prp. stem of stringere = bind
A466
STROBILUS
STROMA
STRUMA
STULTIFY
formation
resembling a firA467 cone
(anat., etc.)
framework of an
A467 organ or cell
swelling at base of
A467 petiole
reduce to absurdity
L. Gr. strblos = anything twisted

strma = mattress Gr. stroma
stultificre, f. stultus = foolish
A468
(bot.) cork-like
SUBEROSE
sber = cork
A469
SUBSUME
bring (one idea)

under another
(math.) inferior
A471 index
subsmere, f. sub- + smere = take
A470
SUFFIX
SYNCHRONIC
A478
SYNIZESIS
A479
SYRINX
A479
SYZYGY
A479
suffxum, n. pp. of sugggere, f. suf- = sub- +

fgere = fix
f. synchronus Gr. sgkhronos, f. syn- +
khrnos = time
(gram., pros.)
synizsis Gr. sunzsis, f. suniznein = sink
coalescence of two down, f. syn- + hiznein = sit
adjacent vowels
without forming a
recognized
diphthong
organ of voice in
L. Gr. surigx = pipe, tube, channel
birds
applied to various szygia Gr. suzug = yoke, pair,
unions or
conjunction, f. szugos = yoked, paired, f. sycombinations
+ zug- = yoke
T
TANDEM
two-wheeled
vehicle drawn by
two horses
harnessed one in
tandem = at length
TANTALUM
front of the other;

the horses
themselves,
bicycle, etc. with
seats one behind
A482 another
(min.) a rare metal
A482
TANTALUS
TAPER
TEMPER
TENSE
Tantalus (name of a mythical king of

Phrygia condemned to stand in Tartarus up
to his chin in water which receded as he
stooped to drink) partly with allusion to its
non-absorbent quality
Tantalus name of a mythical king of Phrygia
condemned to stand in Tartarus up to his
chin in water which receded as he stooped to
drink)
genus of storks;
spirit stand
containing
decanters locked
A482 up but visible
long wick coated
OE. tapor, -er, -ur L. papyrus
wiht wax for use as
A482 a spill
frame of mind;
(outburst of) ill
A485 humour
highly strung
tensus, pp. of tendere = stretch, tend
A486
(chem.) metallic
element
THESAURUS
treasury, spec. of
A490 knowledge
THESIS , PL .
accented or
THESES
stressed element
THALLIUM
f. thallus = green shoot Gr. thalls
A488
thsaurus = treasure Gr. thsaurs

thesis Gr. thsis = placing, setting, f. the-,
A490
THEURGY
TINNITUS
TITAN
A490
divine agency in
human affairs
(path.) ringing in
A494 the ears
(gen.) giant
thergia Gr. theourg, f. thes = god +

-ergos = working
tinntus, f. tinnre = ring, tinkle
A495

Ttn, pl. Ttanes
torpd, f. torpre = be stiff or numb
case charged with

gunpowder to
explode under
water, selfpropelled
A498 submarine missile
TORTICOLLIS
(path.) wry-neck
TORPEDO
A499
due to poisoning
TOXIC
A500
TRAGOPAN
pheasant of the
genus Tragopan,
f. tortus, pp. of torqure = twist, wring +

collum = neck
toxicus, f. toxicum = poison Gr. toxikn
(phrmakon) = (poison) by smearing arrows,
f. txon = bow
L. Gr. tragpn, f. trgos = goat + Pn =
Pan
A500
TRANSFER
A501
TRANSLITERATE
A501
TRANSPIRE
A502 , B482
TRANSPONTINE
A502
TREMENDOUS
A503
having fleshy
horns
convey (a design)
from one surface to
another
replace (letters of
one language) by
those of another
for the same
sounds
(by
misapprehension,
first U.S.) happen
that is across the
bridge, spec. any
of the London
bridges, i.e. south
of the Thames, and
so pert. to the
drama of Surreyside theatres in
19th century
immense
(geol., after G.
trias) series of
strata between the
Jurassic and
Permian, so called
because divisible
A504 into three groups
TRICHINOSIS
disease due to
trichinae (parasitic
worms) in the
A504 alimentary canal
TRILOBITE
member of a group
of extict
arthropodous
animals having a
A505 three-lobed body
TRIVIAL
popular
TRIAS

f. trans- + littera = letter

f. trans- + pns, pont- = bridge
f. tremendus, gerundive of tremere =

tremble, tremble at
L. Gr. tris = triad
f. trichina, f. Gr. trkhinos = of hair, f. thrx,

thrikh- = hair
trilobts, f. tri- + lobus, -it- = lobe
A506
TRIVIUM
in the Middle
trivium = place where three roads meet, f.
Ages, the lower
tri- + via = way
division of the
seven liberal arts
(grammar, rhetoric,
logic), the upper
four (quadrivium)
being arighmetic,
TROPE
TROPIC
TUSSIVE
geometry,
astronomy, and
A506 music
(liturg.) phrase
introduced into the
text for musical
A506 embellishment
either boundary of
the torrid zone; pl.
region between
A506 these
pert. to a cough
tropus = figure of speech Gr. trpos = turn,

rel. to trpein = turn
tropicus Gr. tropiks = pert. to the turning
of the sun at the solstice, fig. f. trop =
turning, putting to flight, defeat, rel. to
trpein = turn
f. tussis = cough
A506
U
water-nymph
UNDINE
undina, undena, f. unda = wave
A514
UNGULATE
hoof-shaped,
hoofed
planet situated
between Saturn
A517 and Neptune
sting like a nettle
A515
URANUS
URTICATE
ungultus, f. ungula = claw, hoof, f. unguis =

nail
ranus Gr. Ourans = husband of Gaea
(Earth) and father of Cronos (Saturn)
f. pp. stem of urtcre, f. urtca = nettle
A517
V
VALENCY
VANADIUM
(chem.) capacity
of an atom to
combine with
A519 other atoms
metallic element
valentia = power, competence, f. valre = be

powerful
vanadium, f. ON. Vanads, name of the

Scand. Goddess Freyja
(math.) quantity
vector = carrier, traveller, rider, f. vect-, pp.
having direction as stem of vehere = carry
A521 well as magnitude
pert. to the velum
vlris, f. vlum = curtain
A520
VECTOR
VELAR
A522
(zool., bot.)
membranous
A522 structure
VERB ( UM ) SAP .
VELUM
A523
VERSO
VESICA
back of the leaf of

a book, being the
side presented to
the eye when the
leaf has been
A524 turned over
v. piscis = fish
bladder, painted
v. palati = veil of the palate; vlum = curtain,

sail, veil
shortening of verbum sapient (sat est) = a
word (is enough) for a wise person
vers = being turned, abl. sing. of pp. of
vertere = turn
vsca, vessca, vensca = bladder, blister
oval figure used as

an aureole
one of the minor
A525 planets
via media =
intermediate
A525 course
L., corr. to Gr. Hest, personification of

hest = heart, house, household
via = way, road
A525
f. via = via + duct, after aqueduct (dcere =

lead)
f. vibrre = vibrate
A524
VESTA
VIA
VIADUCT
VIBRIO
VIM
VIOLA
VIREO
(zool.) bacteroid
organism having a
A525 vibratory motion
(orig. U.S.) force,
A527 energy, go
single-coloured
A527 pansy
small Amer. bird
usu. supposed to be vim, acc. of vs =

strength, energy
viola = violet
L.
A527
greenish
VIRESCENT
A527
VIVA
VOLITANT
(colloq.) short for

viva voce = with
living voice (oral
A528 examination)
flitting
f. virescns, -ent-, prp. of virescere = become

green, f. virre = be green
abl. of fem. of vvus = living + vx = voice
prp. of volitre, frequent. of volre = fly
A529
VULCANITE
pyroxene;
preparation of
india-rubber and
sulphur hardened
A530 by heat
f. Vulcan (Vulcnus), name of the ancient

Rom. god of fire
(rhet.) figure by
which a single
word or phrase is
made improperly
to apply to two or
more words or
A551 phrases
L. Gr. zeugma = yoking, f. zeugnnai vb.

rel. to zugn = yoke
W
--X
--Y
--Z
ZEUGMA
12. The Twentieth Century

f. con- + urbs, urb- = city
CONURBATION
A96
FOLIC
(chem.) name of
an acid abundant
A177 in green leaf
f. folium = leaf
HAFNIUM
A207, C423
INSULIN
f. Hafnia, L. name of Copenhagen, Denmark
MISSION
A296 , B303
PENICILLIN
missi, -n-, f. miss-, stem of mittere = let go,

send
f. pnicillum = pencil
PLASMA

fashion, form
plasticus Gr. plastiks, f. plasts, ppl. adj. f.
plssein = fashion, form
prsidium, f. prsidre, f. pr + sedre = sit
hormone
extracted from the
islets of
Langerhans in the
pancreas of
A238 animas
operational sortie
Penicillium =
generic name of
mould, so named
from their brushA344 like sporangia
ionized gas
A356
PLASTIC
A356
PRESIDIUM
of synthetic
material
presiding body;
f. insula = island
VORTICISM
standing
commitee in
communistic
A368 bodies
priciples of a
school of painting
originating in
1913 among some
members of the
A529 London Group
f. vortex, -ic- = vortex, taken in the sense of

the artists conception of relations in the
universe
13. CHRONOLOGICALLY UNSPECIFIED LOANWORDS

chrsanthemum Gr. khrsnthemon, f.
khrss = gold + nthemon, rel. to nthos =
flower
CHRYSANTHEMU
M
A76
L. formula used by scribes to indicate the end

of a book or piece, prob. orig. short for
explicitus est liber = the book is unfolded or
exhibited, but regarded as a verb in 3rd pers.
sing. = here ends
EXPLICIT
A161
f. gregrius, f. grex, greg- = flock, herd
GREGARIOUS
A201
horttrius, f. hortt-, pp. stem of hortr =

exhort
the canticle beginning Magnificat anima mea
Dominum = My Soul doth magnify the Lord,
3rd pers. sg. pres. ind. of magnificre =
magnify
HORTATORY
A220
MAGNIFICAT
A276
METAMORPHOSIS
A291
REGIUS
designation of
professors
appointed by the
Crown, instituted
by Henry VIII
A395
L. (in pl. as the title of a work by Ovid) Gr.

metamrphsis
f. rx, rg- = king
sc = so, thus
SIC
A438
STRADIVARIUS
A465
SYNECDOCHE
A479
latinization of the name of Antonio Stradivari

of Cremona applied to violins made by him
and his relatives
synecdoch Gr. sunekdokh, f.
sunekhdkhesthai, f. syn- + ekdkhesthai =
take up
14. Commentary on the Chronological Classification

of Latin Loanwords in English
Based on what has been said about the various historical, political and social
circumstances that were discussed in the previous chapters, it only stands to reason that
the greatest number of words were adopted in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Then follow the fifteenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Fewer Latin words were
adopted then in the fourteenth century and the least were borrowed in the eleventh,
twelfth, thirteenth and twentieth century.
The first loanwords - Old English loanwords - were mainly of military character.
This is due to the fact that the first encounters between Germanic peoples and the
Romans were of such character. Other groups of words included food items, trade items,
clothing items and practical everyday utilities. Another area of Latin loanwords were
ecclesiastical and religious words. Words such as deacon, nun or paternoster were
among the loanwords adopted in this period. Even though, the first loanwords are very
important, their number is relatively small, compared to later periods.
In the thirteenth and especially in the fourteenth centuries, the number of
loanwords rose significantly. The number of ecclesiastical loanwords multiplied and so
did the number of other groups of loans. New fields such as biology, medicine,
mineralogy, astronomy and alchemy became rich sources of borrowed words. One of
the differences between the Old English period and the Middle English period was the
fact that the Middle English period was much richer in abstract terms, as opposed to the
predominantly concrete terminology of the Old English period.
The Renaissance period was rich in Latin loans for various reasons. The
humanistic movement along with the revival of the classical studies
brought
renaissance not only in fields like literature and sciences but also in the field of
linguistics. Latin was so to speak rediscovered and started to be perceived as a highly
reputable, prestigeous, scholarly language and a rich source of new lexis. It, again,
started to be taught at renowned universities, therefore, its knowledge was highly
desirable. The adoption of new words was facilitated by the fact that Renaissance also
initiated a revival of classical authors who wrote in Latin and whose grace and quality
of writing was inspirational. With the resurrection of Greek and Roman mythology,
words such as medusa, python, or triumvir became part of the English vocabulary. Latin
was also a channel through which Greek words were taken over into English. The new
interest in sciences such as medicine, biology, mathematics, and botany brought about
great demand for brand new terms. Words such as anemone, triceps or trachea found
their way into English during this period. Also, a rather large group of loans was of legal
character. This terminology includes words such as mandate or versus. Other important
fields that grew in number of loans from Latin at this period were phonology, rhetoric,
philosophy, astronomy, prosody, philology, architecture and others. There is one more
factor that contributed to the extensive borrowing of Latin words and that is the general
neglect of vernaculars. Compared to Latin, vernaculars were considered unequipped,
rough, plain and inferior. The trend of borrowing more abstract words continued and, in
fact, reached its peak during this period.
Later on, after the Renaissance enthusiasm began to slowly fade away, the
number of words taken over also started to grew smaller. Therefore, the eighteenth and
the nineteenth centuries are somewhat poorer as far as numbers are concerned.
However, the semanitic fields of words that were being adopted did not undergo any
major change. The most numerous loans were from fields such as biology and medicine
reflecting the social and scientific development of that period. Homeopathy, scarlatina
and tussive were just some of the words which established themselves in English during
this period. Later on, Latin was slowly becoming more and more challenged by the
English vernacular and social and linguistic changes eventually caused Latin to give
way to English and its dialects.
The twentieth century was a source of only a few Latin loanwords which mostly
reflect the technological and scientific progress that occured in the previous century.
Conclusion
This paper has been built on the hypothesis affirming that: The social, political
and cultural circumstances of the English-Latin relations affected the amount of
loanwords borrowed at particular time periods. In line with this declaration, the
following research question has been formulated. In which periods was the number of
words taken over from Latin into English the highest respectively the lowest and what
was the cause of this? To fully answer the research question, four chapters have been
written, each dealing with specific aspects of this issue.
The first chapter provided a theoretical introduction to the topic. It explained the
type of contact that English has had with Latin over the centuries. That is, in the
beginning and especially after the Roman conquest of Britain, Latin was confronted
with English on a daily basis, therefore the influence was not limited only to a few
lexical borrowings, but extended also into syntax, phonology and morphology. Later on,
Latin has become predominantly a source of the learned words, that is it became a
book language. It was not until the Renaissance period that Latin ceased to be
functioning as a book language and started to represent an international language of
communication that faced English on everyday basis once again. This chapter further
defined the process of borrowing along with the concept of a loanword itself. It gave
examples of why words are being adopted. It also stated that in the case of LatinEnglish relations, the reasons have stretched from the most natural ones, such as
demand for new lexis, to very artificial ones, for instance, borrowing as a way of
increasing social status and prestige. The end of this chapter was dedicated to exploring
the various kinds of attitudes to borrowing in connection with Latin words in English.
The second chapter was dedicated to the development of the two languages
within their own individual history. The purpose of this chapter was to provide a
background for the following chapter that dealt with the historical overview of Latin
loanwords in English as such. The second chapter was further divided into two main
parts the history of Latin and the history of English. The history of Latin was reflected
in a chronological development from the archaic, classical, vulgar and Christian Latin to
Latin of the Middle Ages, Renaissance and Modern Latin. It described the very early
influences on Latin along with the functions that Latin represented in the course of
history. The development of the English language was divided into three stages: Old,
Middle and Modern English. Each stage was then defined in terms of relations to other
languages and foreign influences. The Old English period was described as a time of
mixing of four languages: Celtic, Scandinavian, Latin and English. Examples of
loanwords of such influences have been provided. The Middle English period was
considered to be a time of three major languages: English, French and Latin. The
relationship among these languages was described and a few examples of loanwords of
that period have been provided as well. The description of the Modern English periods
stressed the importance of Renaissance in the development of English and commented
on later development.
The third chapter focused on the actual development of Latin words in English
throughout history. It followed the division into Old, Middle and Modern English
periods. The Old English period drawed on Pogatchers division into continental, insular
and Christian loanwords, which were then characterized. The character of Middle
English period loanwords was described. Loans of this period continued to be of
ecclesiastical and religious character, however, other semantic fields such as astrology,
medicine or alchemy began to extend their vocabulary through Latin borrowings, too.
Also, abstract words rather than concrete words continuted to be adopted. In addition,
the origin of the so called aureate terms was explained. Latin loanwords were most
numerous in the Modern English period. This was due to the humanistic movement that
reintroduced languages, supported sciences, re-established the status of classical

authors, simply lead to the revival of learning. At this period, however, Latin and
English were being, for a certain period of time, often confronted, so to speak. English
as a vernacular was considered insufficient and not suitable for the new way of lifestyle.
Latin, on the other hand, was a language that all the others looked up to. Towards the
end of the eighteenth century, this situation was slowly starting to change. A tendency to
support vernaculars, in general, surpassed efforts to maintain Latin as an international
language of communication and English once again gained a position of a reputable
language.
The fourth chapter anchored the topic lexically. It comprised of the actual
chronological classification of Latin words in English. The words have been divided
into several chapters, according to the period they were adopted in. The primary source
of words listed was Hoads Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. All the
words have been provided with their etymological history and those words whose
meaning may not be clear have been also provided with their English definitions. A
commentary on the number of words adopted at particular centuries summarized the
findings of the list of loawords of this chapter. It concluded that the highest amount of
loanwords were adopted in the period of Renaissance, which confirmed the findings of
the previous chapter. The smallest number of words were adopted in the early
beginnings of Latin-English contact and in recent history, that is in the twentieth
century.
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English Summary
This work is divided into two parts a theoretical part and a lexical part. The
first part deals with the general concept of borrowing and loanwords. It defines the two
linguistic features, explaining the possible reasons for their existence and the function
they have in a language. Furthermore, the theoretical part focuses on the historical
context of both languages within their own history as well as their common history.
Both Latin and English are described in terms of chronology and historical
development. The complex social and cultural circumstances that influenced the
adoption of loanwords, are explained. The two historical introductions that is the
introduction to the separate developments as well as the introduction to how the
relationship of the two languages has evolved in the course of history are followed by a
concluding chapter of the theoretical part. This chapter concentrates on Latin loanwords
in the English language, in particular. It explains why certain historical periods were
rich in loans from Latin and why some were rather not. It creates a background to the
lexical part of this thesis. The lexical part, which is the core of this thesis, is dedicated to
the chronological classification of Latin loanwords in the English language. The list of
words that are included is limited to the headwords of Hoads Concise Oxford
Dictionary of English Etymology. All the words from this source have been divided into
several groups according to the century they were adopted in. The origin of each word is
given, along with its meaning if necessary. If there were any discrepancies concerning
the origin of a loanword, other two sources were consulted in the process of
identification the etymology of the word. The enumeration of loanwords is
supplemented with a list of abbreviations and most common prefixes that are used in
English. A commentary on the chronological classification of Latin loanwords,
explaining the different numbers of loanwords at different periods of time, concludes
this thesis.
CZECH SUMMARY
Tato prce se skld ze dvou st teoretick a lexikln. Teoretick st je

zamena na obecn popis procesu pejmn slov. Je v n definovn samotn proces
pjovn a s nm souvisejc jevy. Jsou popsny funkce vpjek i dvody pro
k pejmn slov dochz. Tento vklad je doplnn o pehled historickho vvoje, jak
anglitiny, tak latiny. Vvoj v rmci obou jazyk je popsn z chronologickho hlediska,
aby korespondoval s lexikln st tto prce. Dle jsou tyto dva jazyky konfrontovny
z hlediska vzjemnch vztah. Jsou vysvtleny nejen spoleensk a kulturn, ale i
lingvistick vlivy, kter formovaly vvoj pejmn slov do anglitiny. Nsledn je
popsn charakter samotnch vpjek, tak jak se vyvjel v prbhu historie. Je
vysvtleno, pro jist obdob jsou na latinsk vpjky bohat a jin mn. Lexikln
st, kter tvo jdro tto prce, je vnovna samotn chronologick klasifikaci
latinskch slov v anglitin. Vet tchto slov je limitovn potem hesel obsaench
v Hoadov Strunm slovnku anglick etymologie. Vechna slova byla rozdlena do
nkolika skupin podle stolet, ve kterch byla do anglitiny pejata. Ke kadmu slovu
je v ppad poteby doplnn jeho vznam a nsledn popsn jeho etymologick vvoj.
Pokud etymologie slova nebyla z primrnho zdroje zejm, byly konzultovny
doplujc zdroje. Vet pejatch slov je doplnn o seznam zkratek a prefix, kter se
v anglitin nejastji vyskytuj. Zvrem je chronologick rozlenn okomentovno
z hlediska objemu pejatch slov v rznch asovch obdobch.
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
abbr./abbrev.
abl.
acc.
adj.
adv.
Afr.
AL.
alch.
alt.
Amer.
anat.
anthrop.
abbreviation
ablative
according;
accusative
adjective
adverb
Africa
Anglo-Latin
alchemy
alteration
America
anatomy
anthropology
antiq.
aor.
app.
Arab.
arch.
archaeol.
archit.
arith.
art.
assim.
assoc.
astrol.
astr., astron.
attrib.
antiquities
aorist
apparently
Arabic
archaic
archaeology
architecture
arithmetic
article
assimilated
associated
astrology
astronomy
attributive
biochem.
biol.
bot.
Celt.
cent.
cf.
chem.
ChrL.
classL.
colloq.
comb.
comp.
biochemistry
biology
botany
Celtic
century
confer = compare
chemistry
Christian Latin
classical Latin
colloquial
combining
compound
compar.
contr.
corr.
d.
deriv.
dim.
eccl.
ecclL.
comparative
contracted
corresponding
dative
derivative
diminutive
ecclesiastical
ecclesiastical
Latin
exempli gratia =
for example
element
electricity
elliptical
English
entomology
equivalent
erroneous
especially
etymology
euphemistic
European
example
except
explained
extended
French
formed on
feminine
figurative
e.g.
el.
electr.
ellipt.
Eng.
ent., entom.
equiv.
erron.
esp.
etym., etymol.
euph., euphem.
Eur.
ex.
exc.
expl.
ext.
F.
f.
fem.
fig.
foll.
freq.
frequent.
fut.
G.
g.
Gallo-Roman
Gaul.
gen.
following
frequent
frequentative
future
German
genitive
Gallo-Roman
Gaulish
general; genitive
geog.
geol.
geom.
Gmc.
Goth.
Gr.
gram.
Heb.
her.
Hind.
hist.
i.e.
IE.
imit.
immed.
imper.
imperf.
ind., indic.
inf., infin.
infl.
geography
geology
geometry
Germanic
Gothic
Greek
grammar
Hebrew
heraldry
Hidustani
history
id est = that is
Indo-European
imitative
immediate
imperative
imperfect
indicative
infinitive
inflected;
influenced
instrumental
interjection
intransitive
Irish
ironic
irregular
Italian
Japanese
jocular
Latin
language
law-Latin
legal
instr.
int.
intr.
Ir.
iron.
irreg.
It.
Jap.
joc.
L.
lang.
law-L.
leg.
LG.
lit.
liturg.
loc.
m., masc.
math.
ME.
mech.
med.
meteor.
Mex.
mil.
min.
mod.
mus.
myth.
N.
n.
nat. hist.
naut.
neg.
nom.
north.
N.T.
O
obj.
obl.
obs.
occas.
OCelt.
OE.
OF.
OHG.
OIr.
OL.
ON.
OPers.
opp.
orig.
ornith.
O.T.
palaeogr.
Low German
literal, literary
liturgy
locative
masculine
mathematics
Middle English
mechanics
medicine;
medieval
meteorology
Mexican
military
mineralogy
modern
music
mythology
north
neuter
natural history
nautical
negative
nominative
northern
New Testament
Old
object
oblique
obsolete
occasional
Old Celtic
Old English
Old French
Old High German
Old Irish
Old Latin
Old Norse
Old Persian
opposed to;
opposite
origin; original
ornithology
Old Testament
palaeography
pass.
path.
perf.
perh.
pers.
Pers.
pert.
Pg.
pharm.
philol.
philos.
phon.
photogr.
phr.
phys.
physiol.
pl.
poet.
pop.
poss.
pp.
ppl.
Pr.
pref.
prep.
pres.
prim.
prob.
pron.
pronunc.
prop.
pros.
prp.
psych., psychol.
pt.
R.C.Ch.
redupl.
ref.
refash.
refl.
rel.
repl.
passive
pathology
perfect
perhaps
person; personal
Persian
pertaining
Portuguese
pharmacy
philology
philosophy
phonetics
photography
phrase
physics
physiology
plural
poetic
popular
possessive;
possibly
past participle
participle
Provencal
prefix
preposition
present
primary
probably
pronoun
pronunciation
proper
prosody
present participle
psychology
past tense
Roman Chatholic
Church
reduplication
reference
refashioned
reflexive
related to; relative
replacing
repr.
rhet.
Rom.
S. Afr.
S. Amer.
sb.
Sc.
Scand.
scholL.
S.E.
Sem.
sg., sing.
Skr.
Sl., Slav.
Sp.
south.
sp.
spec.
str.
subj.
subseq.
super.
surg.
Sw.
syll.
syn., synon.
representing
rhetoric
Roman; Romance
South Africa
South America
substantive
Scots, Scottish
Scandianvian
scholastic Latin
South East
Semitic
singular
Sanskrit
Slavonic
Spanish
southern
spelling
specific
stress; strong
subject;
subjunctive
subsequently
superlative
surgery
Swedish
syllable
synonym
APPENDIX 2 COMMON PREFIXES
IN
Syr.
techn.
theatr.
theol.
tr.
Syrian
technical
theatre
theology
transitive;
translation
transitive
transferred
Turkish
typography
ultimate
uncertain
unexplained
University
unknown
United States
usually
variant
verb
videlicet =
namely
vocative
Vulgate
Welsh
with
West Germanic
zoology
trans.
transf.
Turk.
typogr.
ult.
uncert.
unexpl.
Univ.
unkn.
U.S.
usu.
var.
vb.
viz.
voc.
Vulg.
W.
w.
WGmc.
zool.
ENGLISH
abad-
L. from
L. to, at, for
afterambiamphianananteantiapoarchautobibin-
E.
L. on both sides, around
Gr. on both sides, around
Gr. neg. prefix
E. in reply to, opposite to
L. before
Gr. against, opposite to
Gr. from, off
Gr. chief
Gr. self
L. double
L. above
a-, abs-, adv-, av-, va-, ab-, ac-, af-, ag-, al-,
an-, ap-, ar-, as-, atambadunanti-, anci-, anant-, antharchi-, archeauthba-, bis-, di-
catacentricircumcomcontradedecidemidextrodidiadisduo
dysesoeuex-
hemiheteroholohomohyperhypin-
Gr. down, downwards

L. centre
L. round
L. together
L. against
L. down, downward
L. ten
F. half
L. right-handed
Gr. double, allied, twice
Gr. through, between, apart
L. apart, away
L. two, double
Gr. badly
Gr. within
Gr. well
L. and Gr. out of, very,
away
L. beyond
E. in place of
F. from L. = outside, out of
doors
Gr. half
Gr. other
Gr. entire
Gr. same
Gr. above, beyond
Gr. under
L. in
in-
L. negative prefix
indinfrainter-
L. within
L. below, underneath
L. between
juxtamacromagnimalemeta-
L. near
Gr. long, large
L. great
L. badly
Gr. among, with, after, used
to imply change
Gr. small
L. thousand
E. wrongly, amiss
F. badly, ill
Gr. single
Gr. many
extraforfor-
micromillimismismonomulti-
cat-, cathco-, col-, con-, cor-, councontro-, counterdidexter-, dextrde-, dea-, dibis-, de-, des-, di-, dif-, sdou-, duendo-, entoeva-, e-, ec-, ef-, ek-, es-,
exo-, iss-, sexter-, straforesemihomeohyph-, hypham-, an-, em-, en-, il-, im-,
ira-, am-, an-, en-, i-, il-, im-,
in-, ir-, unendoenter-, entr-, intel-, intra-,
intro-
mal-, maumet-, methmicr-
monmult-
nnasonenecroneonoctinonob-
prosprotoquadriquinquereretrosanssesemiseptisesquisexsinesomnisub-
E. or L. negative prefix
L. f. nsus = nose
L. not
Gr. f. nekrs = corpse
Gr. new
L. f. nox, noct- = night
L. not
L. and Gr. near, allied to,
upon
L. eight
L. all
Gr. all
Gr. beside
L. almost
L. through
Gr. around
Gr. many
L. towards, forth
L. after
L. before
L. beyond
L. and Gr. before, instead
of, in front of
Gr. in addition, towards
Gr. first
L. four
L. five
L. again
L. backwards, behind
F. from L. without
L. away, apart
L. half
L. seven
L. one and a half
L. six
L. without
L. f. somnus = sleep
L. under
subtersuper-
L. beneath
L. above, over
syntertranstritubiultra-
Gr. with, together with

L. thrice
L. beyond
L. thrice
L. f. tubus = tube
L. beyond
octoomnipanparapenperperipolyporpostprepreterpro-
ne-, nec-, negnoctepi-, o-, oc-, of-, op-, osoctpantofor-, pa-, per-, perifor-, paraparapo-, pol-, pospr-, profor-, por-, pour-, pr-, prod-,
prof-, purforth-, por-,
protquadruredread-, reresines-, sed-
s-, so-, su-, suc-, suf-, sug-,

sum-, sup-, sur-, sushyper-, over-, sover-, sub-,
supracum-, sy-, syl-, sym-, syntritra-, tran-, tre-, trestresulter-
unvevermivice-
L. one
L. apart from
L. f. vermis = worm
L. in place of
univis-

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Masarykova univerzita

Katedra anglistiky a amerikanistiky

Bakalsk diplomov prce

Latin Loanwords in English

Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Jana Chamonikolasov, Ph. D.

I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently,

THE LANGUAGE CONTACT.........................................................................................3

THE LANGUAGE CONTACT SCHEMES....................................................................3

SOURCES OF NEW WORDS.....................................................................................4

THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH AND LATIN LANGUAGES........................................13

CLASSICAL AND VULGAR LATIN............................................................14

LATIN OF THE MIDDLE AGES.................................................................16

THE LINGUISTIC INFLUENCE OF LATIN..........................................................17

THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE....................................................................................18

3. THE ENGLISH-LATIN ANALOGY...............................................................................23

LATIN LOANWORDS IN THE OLD ENGLISH PERIOD (449-1100)...........................24

LATIN LOANWORDS IN THE MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD (1100-1500)...................31

LATIN LOANWORDS IN THE MODERN ENGLISH PERIOD (1500 PRESENT)........34

THE ENGLISHING OF LATIN WORDS.......................................................36

OLD ENGLISH LOANWORDS..............................................................................40

MIDDLE ENGLISH LOANWORDS........................................................................48

THE ELEVENTH CENTURY...............................................................................49

THE TWELFTH CENTURY.................................................................................50

THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY............................................................................51

THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY...........................................................................54

THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY................................................................................81

THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY............................................................................108

THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY.........................................................................180

THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY..........................................................................252

THE NINETEENTH CENTURY............................................................................281

THE TWENTIETH CENTURY............................................................................307

CHRONOLOGICALLY UNSPECIFIED LOANWORDS............................................308

COMMENTARY ON THE CHRONOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION ........................309

THE LANGUAGE CONTACT

THE LANGUAGE CONTACT SCHEMES

Grlach distinguishes between several patterns of language contact. (Grlach 1997:

SOURCES OF NEW WORDS

3.1 THE DEFINITION OF BORROWING

3.2 THE LEVELS OF LANGUAGE BORROWING

the new object.

Previous weakening of the indigenous lexis

homonymy, polysemy, or being part of an obsolescent type

replaced by a neutral expression.

Special extralinguistic conditions

Weinreich supports this function of borrowing by saying that the symbolic

(OE sealm psalmus cluster reduction)

4.1 THE DEFINITION OF A LOANWORD

4.3 THE LEXICAL INTEGRATION OF LOANWORDS

THE HISTORY OF THE ENGLISH AND LATIN LANGUAGES

3rd century B.C. 1st century

Classical Latin 1. Golden period

14 A.D. 117 A.D.

Table 1 (Barandovsk 1995: 18-51)

CLASSICAL AND VULGAR LATIN

Even though, the original language of Christianity is Greek, Latin quickly

LATIN OF THE MIDDLE AGES

Table 2 (Robertson 1934: 39)

One of the most interesting aspects of Modern English is its constantly