Viewpoints 1 Workbook

1
3. Complete the captions with the adjectives

below. There are more words than you need.
gorgeous unattractive helpful

straight shoulder-length open-minded
calm petite nosy wavy
1
Faces
VOCABULARY
shoulder-length /
wavy
I want my hair to be
wavy
/
and
like hers.
shoulder-length
1. Choose the sentence that best follows the

original.
1. Lisa is an old acquaintance of mine.

a. Weve been best friends for ten years.
b. We grew up in the same street.
2. Kellys boyfriend is very muscular.
a. He exercises in the gym every day.
b. He knows a lot of people.
3. Many designers make suits for women.
a. They are very popular with businesswomen.
b. Female tennis players often wear
them in matches.
Before you say anything, try and

beopen-mindedabout my new look.
4. In this detective novel, there are many clues

to the killers identity.
a. The killers identity is known from
the beginning.
b. Its easy to guess who the killer is.
5. My younger brother is chubby.
a. He wants to lose weight.
b. He makes friends easily.
I have the feeling that our new

nosy
neighbour is very
.
2. Choose the correct answer.
1. The footballer was in pain from the injury /

disorder to his knee.
2. The reporter recorded every blind / single word

the politician said during the interview.
3. Dont look away / run off with when Im
talking to you!
4. Hugh is generous / impulsive. He never thinks
before he does anything.
5. Why is Jane on a diet? Shes already very
plain / slim.
Why am I sounattractive ?
I want to be gorgeous !
Unit 1
4. Complete the sentences with the correct form
of the words and phrases below.
look up reply cope with realise

share remind pretend
1. I e-mailed John yesterday, and I hope he
replies
soon.
look up
2. I need to
for my report.
4. How do people
these days?
didnt realise
T 1. Selfish people only think about themselves.

F 2. Short-tempered people become angry slowly.
Short-tempered people become angry quickly.
F 3. Its easy to convince stubborn people to do
something they dont want to do.
shared
cope with
3. David and Gill
5. I
some information
6. Write T (True) or F (False) for each sentence.

Correct the false sentences.
a flat last year.

exam stress
(not) it was so late.
6. I received an SMS from Sally. She

reminded
me about the meeting.
pretend
7. Sue and Kate often
sisters because they look alike.
theyre
5. Complete the dialogue with the correct form of

the words and phrases below.
run into curly gorgeous dark

run after good-looking kind-hearted
all in all romantic
Its hard to convince stubborn people

to do something they dont want to do.
F 4. Talkative people dont speak a lot.

Talkative people speak a lot.
T 5. Confident people believe that they can
succeed.
T 6. Bossy people always tell other people what

to do.
F 7. When people look through someone, they

pay a lot of attention to him or her.
When people look through someone, they

dont pay a lot of attention to him or her.
F 8. People look forward to something

in the past.
People look forward to something in

the future.
Susan: Hi, Kristy.

Kristy: Susan! I hardly recognised you. I see you cut
your hair and coloured it black. When your hair was
long, it was so straight. Its so short and
1.
curly / dark now. And its so
2.
dark / curly . I really like it!
Susan: Thanks. But I dont think it suits me.
7. Complete the sentences. Make them

true for you.
1. I dont feel very confident when I
Accept all logical and grammatically

correct answers.
2. Recently, I looked up
.
3. I think its romantic when
Kristy: I disagree. I think you look

3.
gorgeous
. Listen, I want to talk
to you about something.
4. My parents are usually open-minded about
Susan: What is it?
5. My friends and I sometimes share
ran into
Kristy: I 4.
Mark Thomas the
other day. And I know hes a friend of your brothers ...
.
.
.
Susan: Yes, theyre good friends. Mark is a really

nice, 5. kind-hearted person. Hes really
fun to be with, and hes handsome too.
good-looking .
All in all
,
Kristy: Yes hes really 6.

Susan: I agree. 7.
hes a wonderful guy. Hes also so

8.
romantic
! He gives his
girlfriend flowers once a week.

Kristy: Has he got a girlfriend?
Susan: Yes, he has. So dont 9.
run after him!

5
GRAMMAR
3. Write the words in the correct order to form

sentences. Use the Present Simple or Present
Continuous.
1. at nine / open / the / office / every morning
The office opens at nine every morning. /

Every morning, the office opens at nine.
1. Match I and II to form sentences.
2. the / east / sun / rise / always / the / in
The sun always rises in the east.
1. Does Bob sometimes
3. think / she / about / next year / travelling abroad
2. Is Cheryl
She is thinking about travelling abroad

next year.
3. She always
4. a / lot / both / teams / tonight / score / of / points
4. Today, were
Both teams are scoring a lot of points

tonight.
5. Everyone is
5. usually / I / have / at / home / breakfast / not
6. They all
I dont usually have breakfast at home. /

Usually, I dont have breakfast at home.
6. she / 2012 Olympics / in / the / want / to /

compete
II
3
6
2
5
4
1
a. worries about how she looks.
She wants to compete in the 2012

Olympics.
b. attend the same school.

c. going to university next year?
e. not working at the office.
4. Rewrite the sentences using the expressions

in brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present
Continuous. Make any necessary changes.
f. study in the library?
1. Are you listening to music now? (every day)
d. meeting at Joes Caf tomorrow night.
Do you listen to music every day?
2. Complete the sentences with the correct

form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present
Simple or Present Continuous.
are
1. Why
they smiling
at us? Do we know them?
2. I am enjoying
want it to end.
(smile)
(enjoy) this holiday! I dont
3. Debbie doesnt know

the new cinema is.
6. How much
(weigh)?
does
Jeff isnt reading the newspaper at the

moment.
3. Im doing my maths homework right now.

(once a week)
I do my maths homework once a week.

4. Does your band practise frequently? (later today)
(not know) where
Is your band practising later today?

5. Sam isnt talking to me. (never)
4. On annual White Nights, many museums and

stay
shops
(stay) open all night.
are letting
5. My parents
car tomorrow.
2. Jeff seldom reads the newspaper. (at the

moment)
(let) me use the
your dog
weigh
Sam never talks to me.

5. Rewrite the sentences with the correct form
of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present
Simple or Present Continuous. Do not change
the original meaning of the sentences.
1. In my opinion, hes not very considerate.

(not think)
I dont think hes very considerate
2. John is on the phone. (talk)

Right now, John is talking on the phone
3. What is the price of this ring? (cost)

How much does this ring cost
4. The suitcase is on the scales. (weigh)

Cathy is weighing the suitcase
5. Is this your jacket? (belong)
Does this jacket belong to you
Unit 1
6. Complete the e-mail with the correct form of
the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple
or Present Continuous.
8. Correct the errors.
1. He isnt appearing calm at the moment.
He doesnt appear calm at the moment.

2. Lets go swimming. It doesnt rain today.
Lets go swimming. It isnt raining today.

3. Are you recognising him?
Do you recognise him?
Dear Rob,
am writing (write) to let you know

I 1.
about the amazing documentary film I
2.
am watching (watch) now on Channel Four.
Dont worry I 3. am not missing
(not miss) anything at the moment because the
adverts are on.
The films about some interesting experiments that
are doing
scientists 4.
(do) on animals
5.
show
these days. Studies
(show)
recognise
that some animals 6.
(recognise)
themselves in mirrors. Apes, gorillas and chimpanzees
7.
demonstrate (demonstrate) self-recognition
by examining their faces and bodies in mirrors. Its
amazing to watch!
thinks
(think) that
My mum 8.
9. is broadcasting
Channel Four
(broadcast) the
programme again tomorrow night, so try to watch it
then.
The adverts 10.
are ending
want
11.
(end) now, and I

(want) to watch the rest of the
programme.
I 12.
hope
are making
(hope) you
13.
(make) new friends
in Leeds these days but dont forget all your
friends here in London!
Love,
Becky
7. Answer the questions in complete sentences.
Make them true for you. Use the Present
1. What type of films does your friend like?

correct answers.
2. What are your plans for the weekend?

3. What clothes are you wearing today?
4. How do you usually get to school?
4. I dont never go to parties by myself.
I dont go to parties by myself. / I never

go to parties by myself.
5. How often Jeff calls you?
How often does Jeff call you?

9. Translate the sentences.
1. I dont usually share my clothes with friends.
No suelo compartir mi ropa con mis

amigos.
2. I am seeing an old acquaintance tonight.
Voy a ver a un antiguo conocido esta

noche.
3. I realise that he is not coping with the situation.
Me doy cuenta de que no est haciendo

frente a la situacin.
4. I always run into someone I know when I go to

the shopping centre.
Siempre me encuentro con alguien que

conozco cuando voy al centro comercial.
5. How often does he wear a suit for work?
Con qu frecuencia lleva traje para

trabajar?
Grammar Review
1. a.
Does
this DVD
belong
(belong)
to Jack?
think
(think) it
belongs
(belong) to Debbie.
enjoys
2. a. Bill usually
(enjoy) his
b. No, I
work.
b. Yes, but he isnt enjoying (not enjoy) it
now because hes got too much to do.
are
3. a. Why
the milk?
you
tasting
smells
b. Because it
Do
strange.
you
(want) to taste it?
(taste)
(smell)
want
is talking
4. a. Susan
(talk) to her
boyfriend on the phone at the moment.
b. I can tell. She
excited.
looks
(look) very
READING
Are You
Your Ringtone?
1. Look at the picture and the title, and read the

rst paragraph of the text. What do you think
the text is about?
a. the history of ringtones

b. ringtones as a reflection of our personalities
c. how to choose a ringtone
2. Now read the rest of the text and check your
answer.
1. Speciality ringtones
a. arent yet popular.
b. cost US customers $5 billion in 2007.
c. are being used as a fashion accessory.
d. were downloaded by more than 60 million
people in 2007.
2. The survey
a. asked participants to describe themselves.
b. was conducted in Finland.
c. questioned eighteen 34-year-olds.
d. found that 10 per cent of mobile users
change their ringtones every week.
So just as when choosing other accessories, people

need time to make the right choice. According to a
recent survey of 18- to 34-year-old mobile phone
users in Britain, it takes the average user about half
an hour to choose a new ringtone. In addition, 10
per cent replace their ringtones weekly, and many
others change ringtones three to four times a year.
4. Complete the sentences according to the text.
1. The average mobile user spends about 30 minutes

.
2. Ninety per cent of the survey respondents
were criticised because of their ringtones.

3. Survey participants felt that a mobiles original
ringtone was matched with not trying to.
impress has better things to do.
5. Find words or expressions in the text that mean:
1. communicate
(paragraph 1)
convey
2. say something
(paragraph 2)make a statement
3. typical
(paragraph 3)
average
4. hide
(paragraph 4) cover up
5. frequent or usual
(paragraph 5) common
6. of the present time
(paragraph 5) current
Before leaving your home, you

probably look in the mirror to make
sure youre satisfied with how you
look. If youre like many of your
friends, you also want your mobile
ringtone to convey a particular image
of yourself.
Speciality ringtones originated in Finland in 2001
and quickly became a global phenomenon. It is
estimated that in 2007, between 50 and 60 million
people downloaded at least one ringtone and spent
about $5 billion doing so. The reason for this huge
success is that ringtones, like mobile phones, have
become a fashion accessory that people use to
make a statement about their personality.
choosing a new ringtone
HELLO:)
The survey also found that nearly everyone makes

some sort of judgement about people based on
their ringtones. Apparently, we dont cover up
those opinions: only 10 per cent of the survey
respondents were not criticised because of their
ringtones.
Survey participants were also asked to match
ringtones with descriptions of personalities.
One common response was the match between
a ringtone of a current popular song and the
description moves with the times but tries too
hard to be cool. Another common match was a
sport-related ringtone, such as a team song, with
the description armchair sportsperson that is,
someone who enjoys watching sport.
But ringtone providers may find it surprising that a
mobiles original ringtone was commonly matched
with not trying to impress has better things
to do.
So whats your ringtone?
Unit 1
WRITING
Your Task
1. Add the missing punctuation marks to the sentences.

There may be more than one possible answer.
WRITING YOUR DESCRIPTION
1. Are you worried about Emilys school marks?

2. That film was so frightening !/.
ask David to phone you when hes finished eating .

3. Ill
or (
4. We waited in the queue for a long time almost
or )
three hours but it was worth it because we got
good tickets .
got dark,shoulder-length hair, but her sisters hair
5. Marthas
is short and curly.
or (
or )
6. His parents I think youve met them are nice people .
2. Each sentence contains one error in punctuation. Find

and correct it.
Write a description of a friend: Use 100-150

words.
1. Brainstorm your description.

Think of people you know. Who would be
easy or interesting to describe?
Think of words and expressions to
describe the persons:
- physical appearance
- personality
- activities and interests
2. Organise your ideas. Use the model in
Exercise 3 and the plan below to help you.
- Decide which ideas to keep and which to

leave out.
- Decide how to order your ideas.
1. This restaurant has got great food, the pasta is amazing.
This restaurant has got great food the pasta is amazing.

2. Do you think shes gorgeous.
Do you think shes gorgeous?
3. I cant see the screen, the man in front of me is very tall.
I cant see the screen the man in front of me is very tall.
4. We need to buy milk cheese and some bread.
We need to buy milk, cheese and some bread.
5. Come quickly. We must leave now.
Come quickly! We must leave now.
3. Read the description below. Add the missing
punctuation marks to the second and third paragraphs.
My Favourite TV Show
My favourite television comedy is "Friends", and
my favourite character on the programme is
Monica Geller.
Monica is slim and petite and has got dark
hairsometimes its straight and sometimes
its wavy . Her eyes are brown and shes got a
beautiful smile.
Monicas very talkative, has got
strong opinions and isnt shy about
telling everyone what she thinks.
Shes usually kind-hearted and
sensitive , but she can also be
stubborn and bossy, especially when
shes nervous or worried about
something. She is also extremely
tidy and wont , for example , go to
sleep before she does the washing-up.
And lastly, she works hard to succeed
in her job as a restaurant chef.
All in all, I admire Monica and
think shes a good role model for
young women.
PLAN
Opening: Opening remarks, introduce the
person
Body: Describe the persons appearance,
interests and personality.
Closing: Closing remarks
3. Write a rst draft.
- Write quickly. Dont worry about spelling

or punctuation as youll have time to check
them later.
4. Use the checklist to check your work.
Then write a nal draft. Accept all logical
and grammatically correct answers.

CHECKLIST
I followed the plan for a description of a

person.
I used different adjectives and compound
adjectives to describe the person.
I checked grammar, spelling and
punctuation.
See Writing Guide, Students Book page 151
Progress Check Unit 1

Vocabulary
Grammar

1. My neighbours dog spends hours

running after / running into my cat.
do
those sandals
cost
(cost)?
Tessadoesnt think(not think) its a good idea.
Susan is studying (study) Russian this year.
forget (forget) your name.
Sorry, I always
are
you crying (cry)?
Why
do
look
Why
you
(look) so
2. Ethan said he would reply / share his cake with

his friends, but in the end he ate it all himself.
1. How much
3. Jane managed to stay generous / calm when

she saw the snake on her bed.
2.
4. She is so skinny / chubby. She needs to

eat more.
4.
5. When I got off the train, I realised / reminded

I was at the wrong station.
6. She is a very kind-hearted / short-tempered
girl who loves to help people.
2. Complete the sentences with the
words below.
injury generous clue open-minded

acquaintance impulsive
1. Connie is so impulsive . She acts first and
thinks later.
2. Is there a
puzzle?
clue
to help us solve this
3. Terry is an oldacquaintancefrom my school

days. I havent seen him for years.
4.Open-mindedpeople are ready to listen to
different opinions.
5. It was very generous of you to give me so
much money.
6. Tom survived the accident without an
injury .
3.
5.
6.
sad today?
5. Rewrite the sentences using the words in
brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present
Continuous. Make any necessary changes.
1. I have got a meeting with Janine at 6 oclock.

(am)
I am meeting (with) Janine at 6 oclock.

2. Do you see each other often? (tonight)
Are you seeing each other tonight?

3. Our dog never barks at strangers.
(at the moment)
Our dog isnt barking at strangers at the

moment. / At the moment, our dog isnt
barking at strangers.
4. Are you watching that reality show again?

(regularly)
Do you watch that reality show regularly? /

Do you regularly watch that reality show?
5. The baby is crying again. (often)
The baby often cries.
Writing
3. Match the words in I with their
meanings in II.
I
1. run off with
2. disorder
3. suit
4. wavy
5. petite
6. cope
10
II
4
1
5
6
3
2
6. Add the missing punctuation marks.
1. Is the new film showing at the cinema this week?
b. steal
ask my cousin to lend you the book when hes

2. Ill
finished reading it .
c. very small and thin
3. Dont touch that !
d. deal with successfully

e. a formal set of clothes
4. My younger sister is bossy, short-tempered and
stubborn but I love her.
f. an illness or abnormal
condition
5. I really enjoyed meeting him I hope he feels the
same way about me.
a. not straight
. or
Unit 1

Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Hes very broad-shouldered / short-tempered

so he needs a larger sweater.

of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Simple
or Present Continuous. Do not change the
original meaning of the sentence.
2. Where did you get that gorgeous / impulsive

coat? Id love to buy one just like it.
1. In my opinion, her idea is not very practical.

(not think)
3. He left his lunch at home, so his mother

looked up / ran after him with the sandwiches.
4. I enjoy swimming when the sea is calm / plain.
5. I dont have a clue / disorder what to buy my
sister for her birthday.
6. She has got such beautiful, slim / fair hair.
7. We ordered a big pizza and shared / pretended
it among the six of us.
2. Complete the sentences with the words and
phrases below. There are more words than you
need.
big-headed reply share stubborn

shoulder-length acquaintances remind
pretend muscular plain wavy
1. Ill send you an invitation tonight, but please
reply as soon as you can.
Remind me to buy milk when I go shopping.
2.
3. She goes to the gym every day. Thats why shes

so muscular .
shoulder-length
4. They dont allow boys to have

in our school. Youll have to get it cut.
5. My sister and I
share
hair
a room.
6. He has got very few real friends but many

acquaintances.
7. I dont like big-headed people who think they
know everything.
3. Match the adjectives in I to their
opposites in II.
I
1. good-looking
2. fair
3. skinny
4. open-minded
5. considerate
II
4
1
5
2
3
I dont think her idea is very practical .

2. Sandy is in the kitchen with the dishes. (wash)
Right now, Sandy is washing the dishes
(in the kitchen)
3. What is the weight of a sack of dog food? (weigh)

How much does a sack of dog food weigh ?
4. Whose bike is this? (belong)
Who
does this bike belong to
5. Complete the passage with the verbs in

brackets. Use the Present Simple or Present
Continuous.
works
Faye has got an unusual job she 1.
2.
belongs
(work) as a face painter. She
(belong)
to the UK Face Painting Association, and this month she
3.
is giving (give) a course on basic face painting.
Its amazing the number of fantastic ways you can be
creative, and you 4. dont need (not need) to
paint the whole face. A butterfly on one eye and cheek
loves
is enough. What Faye 5.
(love) about
6.
gets
her job is the travelling. She
(get) to
invite
meet so many interesting people, who 7.
(invite) her into their homes.
Today, she 8. is travelling (travel) north to Leeds,
where they 9. are having (have) a face painting
festival. She is very excited because she
10.
knows
(know) there will be lots of happy
faces to paint.
Writing
a. stubborn
b. unattractive
c. selfish
d. dark
e. chubby
6. Each sentence contains one error in punctuation.

Find and correct it.
1. Does he remember meeting you.
2. I cant believe you said that to me?

3. Her favourite colours are red , purple and green.
11
2. Choose the logical continuation for each

sentence. Pay attention to the underlined
words.
1. This mans just stopped breathing. Help! /

Hes feeling better now!
2. I made sure that I had the correct exam date.
I checked with someone. /
I assumed it was correct.
Danger!
3. Ellen spent all day pointing her camera at

tourists in the market. She finally sold it. /
She took over 200 photographs.
4. It was a thrill to see Arcade Fire in concert.
Im glad I went. / It was a waste of time.
VOCABULARY
5. It was a relief when the rain stopped.

Everyone was tired of the rain. /
More rain was needed.
1. Complete the puzzle using the clues below.
Across
6. Johns living on the edge. His friends

are worried about him. / His friends
love his new house at the top of the hill.
1. tremble
7. visitor
3. Complete the passage with the words and

phrases below.
8. pause briefly
hesitate seriously injured brave deliver

middle-aged lucky to be alive courage
survived risked their lives cheer them up
Down
2. organise
Volunteers Needed!
3. substance that can harm or kill

4. bring something to a specific location
Recently, I began to do voluntary work at The Royal

London Hospital. I play games with some of the ill
children and tell them jokes to 1. cheer them up .
brave
the
Im always amazed at how 2.
5. a feeling of being scared

6. inform someone about a potential danger
1
h a k e
r
r
a
3
4
p
d
n
5
6
7
f
w
g u e s
o
8
l
h e s i t a t e
r
a
s
i
v
r
n
o
e
n
r
s
children are, even before an operation. Some days,

deliver
I 3.
flowers and magazines to
patients rooms.
Occasionally, I also spend time with patients who

were 4. seriously injured in accidents. Despite their
survived
pain, they are happy they 5.
and
6. lucky to be alive
they feel
. Recently, I visited
two men who were badly hurt when they
risked their lives to save an elderly woman from
a fire. These men, and others I have met at the hospital,
courage
have got an incredible amount of 8.
!
7.
Have you got time to volunteer one day a week?

Maybe the hospital needs you whether youre
9.
middle-aged or a teenager so dont
10.
hesitate
. Contact the hospitals
volunteer office today!
12
Unit 2
4. Complete the sentences by adding -al, -ous, -ic, -ive, -able, -less or -ful to the words below to form
adjectives. Make any necessary changes.
tradition fury origin tragedy admire harm use protect
furious when someone hit his car.

This bands music is a mix of old, traditional Chinese music and contemporary rock.
I think its admirable when people volunteer to help others in need.
Our dog is very protective of her puppies. She doesnt let anyone go near them.
Our original plan was to go on holiday in May, but we had to wait until July.
tragic accident on the motorway today? Six people were killed.
Did you hear about the
Smoking is harmful to your health.
This machine is useless . Its broken.
1. Sandras boyfriend was

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
5. Complete the passage by adding -ous, -ful, -less, -ed, -able, -ive or -ing to the words
in brackets to form adjectives. Make any necessary changes.
Tips for Dog Owners

Its 1. exciting
(excite) to get a new puppy. But dont be
disappointed(disappoint) if your new puppy doesnt seem to feel

3.
excited (excite) as well. Remember it can be 4. frightening
2.
(frighten) for puppies when they are brought to a new home. Among
the most 5. effective (effect) ways to make the situation less
6.
threatening (threaten) for the puppy are to speak softly to it and give
it a lot of attention. Owners should also protect their puppy and keep it
out of 7. dangerous (danger) situations. In addition, its important to
teach a puppy proper behaviour. This requires the use of rewards, such as
dog treats, and 8. harmless (harm) punishments, such as a
gentle tap on the nose. Vets often recommend dog-training classes.
These are particularly 9. valuable (value) for new dog
useful (use)
owners, and can help them learn 10.
techniques that really do work.
6. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you.
1. When I come home, I usually switch on
Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
2. I screamed at my friend because

.
3. When Im middle-aged, Ill probably
.
4. When Im sad, it cheers me up when
.
5. I think its very personal to ask people
.
6. I think its shocking when
.
13
GRAMMAR
form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past
Simple or Past Continuous.
broke
(break) her leg while
was skiing
(ski) in Italy.
was dating (date) Emily when
2. Dan
met
(meet) him.
I first
Did
start
it
(start) to rain
3.
was
during the match, or
it already
raining (rain) when you arrived at the
1. Linda
she
stadium?
4. It was terrible! The fire was burning
(burn) out of control and people
were jumping (jump) out of the windows!
1. By the time I woke up, Jim had left.

a. I woke up before Jim left.
b. Jim left before I woke up.
2. When Linda had written her second novel, she
went on a long holiday.
a. After finishing her second novel, Linda went
on a long holiday.
b. Linda was on a long holiday when she wrote
her second novel.
3. Hugh and Cindy didnt speak to each other
in class today because they had argued.
a. Hugh and Cindy argued before class.
b. Hugh and Cindy argued in class.
5. As Julia was researching (research) her

discovered
towns history, she
(discover) some shocking information.
4. We had already bought a new car when we sold

our old one.
a. We sold our old car and then bought a
new one.
b. We bought a new car before we sold our
old one.
2. Write sentences with the words below,

including the words in brackets. Use the
Past Simple or Past Continuous.

of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple
or Past Perfect Simple.
1. Gina / move / to a new flat / and / start / a new

job (last week)
was
1. Mitchell
(be) angry with me
had
broken
all day because I
(break) his
camera.
Last week, Gina moved to a new flat and

started a new job. / Gina moved to a new
flat and started a new job last week.
2. David / injure / his hand / he / repair / my bike
(while)
David injured his hand while he was

repairing my bike.
3. Lily / find / a puppy / she / walk / to school (as)
Lily found a puppy as she was walking

to school.
4. The police / arrest / the young man / take away /
his licence (and)
The police arrested the young man and took

away his licence.
5. I / do / my homework / Tom / knock / on the
door (when)
I was doing my homework when Tom

knocked on the door.
6. I / not listen / to the teacher / she / explain the
homework (while)
I wasnt listening to the teacher while she

was explaining the homework.
14
3. Choose the sentence that is close in meaning

to the original.
2.
Had
before you
Darcy?
you
read
lent
(read) the book

(lend) it to
3. Wehad already driven(already / drive) halfway

ran out of
(run out of)
home when we
petrol.
didnt buy
(not buy) anything at
4. Kelly
the shop because she hadnt brought
(not bring) her purse.
got
5. By the time I
(get) home,
the dogs were very thirsty because I
had forgotten (forget) to fill their
water bowl.
Unit 2
5. Complete the passage with the correct form
of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple,
Past Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
1. He didnt said anything because he was too

frightened.
He didnt say anything because he was

too frightened.
2. By the time I received the invitation, the

wedding took place.
Harrison Ford
on a rescue
mission to save
a 13-year-old
boy
By the time I received the invitation, the

wedding had taken place.
3. When you noticed the money was missing?
When did you notice the money was

missing?
4. We went out for a coffee after we saw a film.
We went out for a coffee after we had

seen a film.
5. I was listening carefully while she told me about

her life.
More Than a Film Hero

Harrison Ford is famous for his portrayal of heroic
characters in such films as Star Wars and the Indiana
did
you know
Jones movies. But 1.
(know) that he is also a hero in real life?
In 2000 and 2001, Ford, who 2.
was living
(live) at the time in Wyoming, USA, often

3.
volunteered
(volunteer) to fly his helicopter
to help in rescues in the mountains near his home.
rescued
(rescue)
was hiking
(hike)
became
on Table Mountain. She 6.
In July 2000, Ford 4.

a young woman who 5.
(become) ill after reaching the top of the 3,300-metre

felt
mountain, and 7.
(feel) unable
to climb down. After she and her hiking companion
had sent
(send) a distress call to
flew
emergency services, Ford 9.
(fly)
to the rescue with paramedics aboard his helicopter.
Shortly before Ford landed at a nearby hospital,
paramedics told the woman the name of the man who
10.
was flying
(fly) the helicopter. She was,
needless to say, quite surprised.
I listened carefully while she told me

about her life. / I was listening carefully
while she was telling me about her life.
1. He felt better after we had cheered him up.
Se sinti mejor despus de que le

hubiramos animado.
2. John was delivering newspapers when he saw

the fire.
John estaba repartiendo peridicos

cuando vio el incendio.
3. The man hesitated before he answered the

question.
El hombre dud antes de contestar la

pregunta.
4. I was pouring the wine when the table began to

shake.
Estaba sirviendo el vino cuando

la mesa empez a temblar.
5. By the time the guests arrived, we had arranged

the chairs in a circle.
Para cuando los invitados llegaron,

habamos colocado las sillas en crculo.
8.
The following year, Ford was part of an air rescue

searched
(search) a forest for
team that 11.
had got
a 13-year-old boy who 12.
(get)
13.
didnt
find
lost while on a hike. The team
(not find) the boy that night, but their efforts continued.
Ford and another member of the rescue team finally
14.
located
(locate) him the following
morning and brought him back to safety.
Grammar Review
Make them true for you.
1. What were you doing at noon last Saturday?

correct answers.
2. What did you have for lunch today?
3. What do you usually do at the weekend?

4. What are you doing on Friday night?
5. What had you already done by 10 oclock
last night?
15
READING
1. Read the title and the rst two paragraphs
of the text. What can you infer from the
underlined words?
a. Many details of Reillys life are unknown.

b. Facts about Reillys life are well known.
c. Reilly definitely lived in Brazil.
2. Now read the rest of the text and check
your answer.
3. Choose the correct answer according to
the text.
1. Reilly worked in a German factory

a. during World War II.
b. to learn what arms the country was making.
c. so he could learn about the countrys battle
plans.
d. before he began spying for Britain.
2. Reilly returned to Russia in 1925
a. to join its military intelligence service.
b. to work for the Communist regime.
c. because he was fooled by a fake group.
d. to be arrested.
4. Answer the questions according to the text.
1. What is the connection between James Bond

and Sidney Reilly?
Some people say that James Bond was

partly based on Sidney Reilly, a real spy.
2. What is said about Reillys personality?
He was charming and persuasive, and he

often acted recklessly.
3. What did Reilly do as a spy in Russia?
He gathered intelligence on the new

regime and worked to overthrow it.
4. How do some spy historians think Britain

honoured Reilly for his work during the First
World War? Some believe that the military
5.
award he was given for his work in

Russia was really to honour his work as a
British spy in Germany during the First
World War.
Find words in the text that mean the
opposite of:
fictional
briefly
for a long time (paragraph 2)
recklessly
safely (paragraph 3)
obtain
give (paragraph 4)
dispute
agreement (paragraph 5)
1. true, real (paragraph 1)

2.
3.
4.
5.
16
THE MYSTERIOUS SPY

What famous fictional spy is intelligent, well-dressed
and highly attractive to women? James Bond, of course.
The character, now known mainly through the many
James Bond films, was created by English novelist Ian
Fleming when he began writing the Bond books in the
1950s. Some people say that Bond was partly based on
the real spy known as Sidney Reilly.
Reillys real name was Sigmund Rosenblum. It is
believed that he was born in the Ukraine in 1874 and
studied chemistry at university there. In the early 1890s,
he moved first to Paris and then to London. Depending
on which version of Reillys life you believe, he might
have briefly spent some time in Brazil as well.
What is definite is that Reilly was a British spy, who
used various disguises and names. He had many love
affairs and marriages, was charming and persuasive, and
often acted recklessly. It is also known that, following
the Communist Revolution in 1918, he spied mainly in
Russia, gathering intelligence on the new regime and
working to overthrow it.
Although Reilly was given a military award for his work
in Russia, some spy historians think it was actually given
to secretly honour his work as a British spy in Germany
during the First World War. Reilly claimed that, in this
capacity, he had impersonated a German officer in
order to obtain battle plans. This allowed him to work
in a German arms factory and learn what weapons the
country was producing.
Historians have not yet uncovered the full truth
about Reillys activities. But theres
little dispute about his death.
After a brief absence, Reilly
returned to Russia in 1925
to work with a new antiCommunist group. In
reality, this group was
fake and was organised
by the Russian military
intelligence service. When he
entered the country, Reilly was
arrested and imprisoned. He was
executed in November 1925.
Unit 2
WRITING
1. Replace the words in bold with the connectors of
sequence below.
as in the beginning in the end as soon as

1. At first, I didnt like this neighbourhood, but now I enjoy
living here. In the beginning
2. When John opened the door, everyone shouted,
As soon as
Surprise!
3. Sharon was reading the instructions aloud while I was
as
connecting wires.
4. I had no idea what to buy Ellen for her birthday, but
in the end
finally, I thought of a perfect gift.
Poor John! His holiday last week began so badly!

1.
All of a sudden / First of all, he forgot his passport and
returned home to get it. 2. Then / By the time, of course, he
missed his flight. 3. Next / Suddenly, he tried to book another
flight to Rome, but they were all full. 4. Finally / At first, the
airline clerk found a seat for him on a late-night flight.
5.
As soon as / By the time he arrived in Rome, it was already
five in the morning. John rang me and said, 6. At last /
Eventually Im in Rome, but Im too tired to do anything!
3. Complete the narrative with the connectors of
sequence below.
as when suddenly in the beginning

nally while rst of all by the time later
An Embarrassing Experience
Last Friday night, I went to a big party at a club in
London. 1. In the beginning , I was sorry I had come.
2.
First of all
, I didnt know anyone there
because my friends hadnt arrived yet. Second, I
didnt like the music the DJ was playing.
3.
While
everyone else was dancing, I
walked around to look for my friends. 4. By the time
the next song began, I had found them. We tried
to talk, but it was impossible to hear one another.
5.
As
I was shouting, I hate this
suddenly
music!, the sound system 6.
broke and everyone in the place heard me. I was so
embarrassed!
7.
When
the music began again, everyone
Later
stopped paying attention to me. 8.
,
I ended up enjoying myself because the DJ
9.
finally
put on music that I liked. And,
oh yes Ive decided never to shout in a club again!
Your Task
Write a narrative about a funny or
embarrassing experience. Use 100-150
words.
WRITING YOUR NARRATIVE

1. Brainstorm your narrative.
Think of something funny or embarrassing
that happened to you or to someone you
know. If you cant think of something real,
make up a story.
Think about the following questions:
- Who was involved in the story?

- Where and when did it take place?
- What happened that was funny or
embarrassing?
- What were the characters doing?
- How did the characters feel?
- Did the story end happily or not?
PLAN
Opening: Describe where and when the
story takes place and introduce the
characters.
Body: Describe the events in the story
and how the characters felt.
Closing: Describe how the story ended.


CHECKLIST
I followed the plan for a narrative.

I used connectors of sequence and time
expressions.
punctuation.
17

Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Johnny gets up very early every day to hesitate /

deliver newspapers.
1. I didnt hear the phone because I worked /

was working / had worked in the garden.
2. I was harmless / furious when the dog broke

my favourite plate.
2. The children played / were playing /

had played basketball while their parents were
talking with the new trainer.
3. It was startled / startling to hear such a loud

noise in the middle of the night.
4. Mother lions are very protective / frightened
of their young.
5. Pour / Point yourself a drink.
3. Chris knocked on the door and entered /

was entering / had entered the office.
4. The thief escaped / was escaping /
had escaped by the time the police arrived.
6. He warned / arranged us about the dangers.

2. Replace each word or expression in bold
with a suitable expression below. Make any
necessary changes.
make sure seriously injured arrange

risk your life live on the edge cheer up
Nicola is a workaholic. She is obsessed with work. Last

decided
week, Nicola 1.
(decide) to finish
1. Although he tried all night, he couldnt

cheer up
make his son feel happy.
the project she 2. was working (work) on. On

left
(leave) the house
Monday, she 3.
4.
had had
before she
(have) any breakfast.
2. My friends and I are going to organise the

arrange
party.
reached
(reach) the office at 6.30, and
already working
6.
(already / work).
by 6.45 Nicolawas
3. Check that all the windows and doors are

Make sure
locked.
called
At 3.30, Nicolas boss 7.
(call) her
into the office. She was worried that Nicola
8.
hadnt taken (not take) a lunch break. Her
warned
(warn) Nicola of the
boss 9.
dangers of overworking. However, Nicola was
continued
determined to finish the job and 10.
(continue) to work when everyone else
11. had already gone
(already / go) home. Finally,
leaving the building many hours later, Nicola was
had risen
surprised to see that the sun 12.
(rise). It was already morning!
4. Only the pilot was badly hurt when the plane

crashed. seriously injured
5. You put yourself in danger every time you
drive carelessly. risk your life
6. Some people need to be close to danger in
order to feel good. live on the edge
3. Complete the sentences by adding a suitable
sufx to the words in brackets to form
adjectives. Make any necessary changes.
She 5.
1. This is a very valuable (value) painting, so

take good care of it.
Writing
graphic (graph) designer.

3. That game is not educational (education), so
6. Choose the two answers that are suitable.
2. She works as a
the teacher doesnt want us to play it.
18

of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple,
Past Continuous or Past Perfect Simple.
1. He lived in England during / for / while most

of his childhood.
4. I love to watch romantic (romance) films

late at night.
2. We tried to keep it a secret, but next /

eventually / finally they found out.
5. Id like to thank you for an enjoyable (enjoy)

experience.
3. We were sitting in complete darkness for hours

when suddenly / then / at last we saw a light.
Unit 2
Progress Check Units 1-2

Vocabulary
Grammar

of the verbs in brackets.
F 1. Cheering people up makes them sad.

T 2. Without hesitating, he went straight to
work.
F 3. The guest invited everyone to come at 8.00

in the evening.
T 4. You have to remind people so they dont

forget.
F 5. Poison is given by doctors to cure illnesses.

T 6. His problem is personal, so he wont tell
everybody about it.
F 7. When you look away you can see things

more clearly.
2. Complete the passage with the correct form of
the words below.
breathe injury risk your life

excited courage fear survive
brave personal
In 2005, Frances Maud Fontenoy was the first woman

to row across the Pacific Ocean alone and fortunately,
to 1. survive . It took great 2. courage for her
to make the trip from Peru to Polynesia. For Maud,
this was also a 3. personal victory.
After rowing her seven-metre boat for 73 days, her
fingers ached and her back was sore, but she had no
serious 4. injuries . Maud told a French radio
station that the end of the trip turned out to be the most
difficult part, after her boat overturned. Her biggest
5.
fear
was that she might drown. She had to
6.
breathe deeply to stay calm. Maud also had to
watch out for sharks until she got back into the boat.
When she arrived in Polynesia, Maud was carried
ashore and decorated with flowers. Maud said that she
that she had finally made
was really 7. excited
the trip.
brave woman who

Maud Fontenoy is a very 8.
9. risk her life
to prove that a woman
was prepared to
can make such a dangerous journey.
flew
(fly) away because I
had forgotten (forget) to close their cage.
were riding (ride) along the
2. The cyclists
crashed
(crash) into
road when a car
1. The birds
them.
is having
3. Jill
you call again later?
(have) a bath. Why dont
4. My bus is leaving / leaves (leave) in half an

hour, so wed better hurry.
brackets. Do not change the original meaning
of the sentences.
1. Rachel went home before Sonia arrived.

(by the time)
Rachel had gone by the time Sonia arrived.

2. He had a job in a restaurant when I first knew
him. (work) He was working in a
restaurant when I first knew him.

3. As Bill and Ben were on their way to school, it
started to rain. (go)
As Bill and Ben were going to school, it

started to rain.
4. Julie has a habit of falling asleep in lessons. (often)
Julie often falls asleep in lessons.
Writing
5. Complete the sentences with a logical ending.
Pay attention to the connectors in bold.
1. The show was cancelled as soon as

correct answers.
2. He wanted to surprise them after
.
3. In the end, my parents
.
4. The rain had stopped. All of a sudden,
.
5. Goldilocks sat in the big chair. Then,
.
19
3. Complete the speech bubbles with a suitable

collocation. Use the verbs win, raise or set and
the words below.
table prize question argument date

1
Go for It!
I am determined to
this argument !
VOCABULARY
win
1. Choose two words or phrases to form

collocations with the verbs in bold.
1. take up: a meal / a sport / photography

2. join: a club / friends for lunch / a restaurant
3. overcome: a problem / an illness /
an argument
4. fail: an exam / a prize / an audition
Darling, arent you happy

set
weve finally
a
date
for our wedding?
3
win
You wont
if you behave like this!
first
prize
2. Choose the correct answer. Pay attention

to the underlined words.
1. Scientists are seeking answers to many

questions. They discovered / dont know
the answers.
2. Paulas make-up really enhances her eyes.
They look terrible / beautiful!
3. That organisation is working to overturn
anti-smoking laws because they support /
oppose them.
4. Carol pointed out some mistakes in the first

draft of my essay. Im glad she corrected /
noticed them.
Does anyone want to
question ?
5. Dan is struggling in maths this year. Its

an easy / a difficult subject for him.
6. If they lengthen the school day, well spend
more / fewer hours in lessons.
7. The queue advanced very slowly, but eventually
more people arrived / it was my turn.
8. Shellys marks improved, so shes very
happy / sad.
9. I beat my friend in the card game, so I was
the winner / loser.
20
raise
Dont forget to
table
!
set
the
Unit 3
4. Complete the sentences with the words below.
award training challenge competition request endurance speed defeat
defeat in the tennis match.

Shes receiving excellent training at her new job.
speed and nearly had an accident.
He was driving at a very fast
Did you e-mail a request for a meeting with the professor?
It was a challenge for such a young actor to play the role of an old man.
We participated in an art competitionand won first prize.
Marathon runners have got great endurance they can run for miles without stopping.
award for rescuing the child who fell into the swimming pool.
My friend is going to receive an
1. Jeff was sad after his

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
5. Complete the passage with the words below.
devastating superhuman limb throwing in the towel accomplishments

champion disability unfair willpower achieved medals
Natalie du Toit
Can you imagine the almost 1.superhumaneffort and the incredible 2. willpower it takes to
become a champion swimmer? Now, think of how much greater the effort must be for someone who
limb
has lost a 3.
.
Natalie du Toit doesnt have to imagine any of this, because she lives it.
Du Toit, from Cape Town, South Africa, began winning national swimming championships when
she was nine years old. At 14, she began to compete internationally, and in 2000, she nearly
4.
achieved her goal of qualifying for the Olympics in Sydney, Australia.
In February 2001, shortly after her 17th birthday, du Toit was on her scooter, driving from
swimming practice to school, when a motorist hit her. The 5. devastating accident led to
the amputation of the lower part of her left leg. Instead of 6. throwing in and
the towel
saying that life was 7. unfair , du Toit returned to swimming as
soon as possible.
Despite her 8. disability , du Toit began to win 9. medals again
in events for both able-bodied and disabled athletes. And in the summer of
accomplishments
by competing in both
2008, she added to her long list of 10.
the Olympic Games and in the Paralympics in Beijing. She was 16th in the
10-kilometre open-water race in the Olympics, and won five gold medals
in the Paralympics. Natalie du Toit is a real
11.
champion both in the water and out!
1. I want to join Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
2. I usually set my alarm
3. Its important to have strength in order to
4. I once bought equipment for
5. I dont like to deal with
21
GRAMMAR
1.
No, I
snow in the Italian Alps last year.
a. have seen
b. saw
1. Did you go to the cinema lately / last night /

never?
2. The band has been together since / for /
recently ten years.
3. I havent ever / this morning / never met
Michaels girlfriend.
Is this the first time you

snow?
a. have ever seen
b. saw
2.
Why
Molly
a. didnt ... take
her driving test yet?

b. hasnt ... taken
Because she
driving for over a month.
a. hasnt practised
b. didnt practise
4. At the weekend, we took a city tour and then /

already / recently visited friends.
5. We have ever / just / yesterday sold the last
ticket to the school play.
6. Has Diana written to you last week /
a month ago / yet?
3.
7. Its been over a year since / for / already

I met Marion.
Don
rugby when he was at school.
a. played
b. has played
Really? I wonder why he
since then.
a. didnt play
b. hasnt played
8. Greg has yet / never / ever completed his

homework on time!
2. Write a logical response with the words in
brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple.
1. Why are you standing outside?

(lose / my keys)
I have lost my keys.
2. Shes not very fit.
(not exercise / for a year)
Well, she hasnt exercised for a year.
3. Should I tell you how the film ends?
(not see / it / yet)
No, I havent seen it yet.
4.
Mark already
a. Has ... done
Yes, and he
a. has tidied
the washing-up?
b. Did ... do
his room a few minutes ago.

b. tidied
4. Answer the questions by forming sentences

with the words provided and the time
expressions below. Use the Present Perfect
Simple or Past Simple.
never in 2004 yet since ago
4. When did you get this car?

(have / it / since June)
I have had it since June.
1. Do you want some coffee?

Yes, please! / I / not have / coffee / 10 oclock
5. You look familiar.

(never / see / you / before)
Really, I have never seen you before.
2. Why dont you want to taste this?

I / like / fish
6. What time is it?

I dont know.
(your watch / stop / ?)
3. Have you ever attended the Olympics?

Yes, I / go / to / Athens
Has your watch stopped?
Yes, please! I havent had coffee

since 10 oclock.
I have never liked fish.
Yes, I went to Athens in 2004.

4. How long has James known Cara?
He / meet / her / three months
He met her three months ago.

5. Did you finish all your homework?
No, I / not write / my / essay
No, I havent written my essay yet.

22
Unit 3
of the sentences.
1. I last saw Barbara two years ago. (seen)
I havent seen Barbara for two years.

2. Is this your first visit to New York? (ever)
Have you ever visited New York?

3. We dont know the election results. (heard)
We havent heard the election results (yet).

4. We got our dog in April. (had)
Weve had our dog since April.

of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present
Perfect Simple or Past Simple.
S P O RT S
1. Last week, I have taken up yoga.
Last week, I took up yoga.

2. He performs all his life.
He has performed all his life.

3. They havent set a date for the wedding already.
They havent set a date for the wedding yet.

4. I havent never beaten my friend at chess.
I have never beaten my friend at chess. /

I havent ever beaten my friend at chess.
5. We have been friends since ten years ago.
We have been friends for ten years.

1. Have you ever overcome a fear?
Alguna vez has superado un miedo?
NEWS
LOCAL
2. Ive just pointed out the problem to him.
Acabo de sealarle el problema.
Young Footballer
Speaks Out
3. She hasnt broken a record yet.
Todava no ha batido un rcord.

4. I have raised the issue several times.
has played
Tom Logan 1.
(play) football since he was six years old.
has been
(be) captain of a youth team
He 2.
led
for the past two years, and he 3.
(lead) his team to victory in last years city
championships.
However, Logan is unhappy over the current state
of youth football. He believes that young players are
expected to devote too much time to the sport.
Yesterday, Logan 4.
brought
(bring)
the argument to the public when he

appeared
(appear) on the City Youth
TV programme. In the past few years, the league
6.
has scheduled (schedule) too many matches, and
so the time demanded of young footballers
5.
has increased (increase), Logan said. Too

have failed (fail) mid-term
many players 8.
7.
exams recently which Im convinced is due to not

having enough study time. Most players complain about
the lack of time for a social life as well. Other captains
and I 9. have spoken (speak) numerous times with
Youth League officials about this problem, but nothing
10.
has changed
(change) yet.
When contacted by reporters, Youth League officials

11.
promised
(promise) to look into the
problem.
He planteado el problema varias veces.

5. He has struggled with a learning disability for
years.
Ha luchado contra su discapacidad para

el aprendizaje durante aos.
Grammar Review
1. A: Why dont you ask Donna to set the table?
is watching
B: Because she
DVD right now.
(watch) a
2. A: Did you find what you wanted at Camden

Jeans?
B: No. By the time I got there, the shop
had closed (close).
3. A: When did Mark go to the airport?
B: He
noon.
left
(leave) here at about
4. A: Were you scared the first time you drove on

the motorway?
B: Actually, I havent tried
Im too nervous.
(not try) it yet.
5. A: Is this your iPod?

B: No, its not mine. I think it
belongs
(belong) to Danny.
23
READING
1. Read the rst sentence in each paragraph of
the blog. In which paragraph do you think you
will nd the following information?
1. the writers opinion on doping 1

2. possible future limitations on testing 3
2. Now read the entire blog and check your
answers.
3. Find words or expressions in the text that mean:
major
debated
2. discussed (paragraph 1)
3. not exact (paragraph 2) inaccurate
4. indicated (paragraph 3) pointed out
back up
5. support (paragraph 4)
1. important (paragraph 1)
BOBS SPORTS BLOG

During major sporting events, like the Tour de France
or the Olympics, the use of performance-enhancing
drugs or doping is debated in the media and by
fans. I used to oppose doping, but Ive changed my
mind. I now think adult athletes should be allowed to
take performance-enhancing drugs if they want.
According to recent articles in the science magazine
called Nature and the British Medical Journal
(BMJ), the tests for performance-enhancing drugs
can be inaccurate. However, this did not help Floyd
Landis, who won the 2006 Tour de France. His test
results showed that hed taken a synthetic form of the
hormone testosterone. He denied it. But still, he had
to give up his title. How can this be fair if the tests
are unreliable?
1. In the past, Bob

a. used to be an athlete.
b. used to take performance-enhancing drugs.
c. was opposed to doping.
d. believed doping should be allowed.
2. According to two published articles,
a. doping tests arent always accurate.
b. doping tests are fair.
c. performance-enhancing drugs are unreliable.
d. Floyd Landis tests revealed no sign of artificial
testosterone.
Many scientists have pointed out that new drugs are

being developed faster than detection tests. And, in the
near future, athletes could be genetically modified
that is, be given specific genes to improve their
performance. It may not even be possible to develop a
test to detect the genes. This will increase suspicions
that already exist about the tests reliability, according
to Natures article.
3. According to the BMJ article,

a. a lot of medical evidence backs up claims
that steroids are dangerous.
b. theres a lack of evidence to support claims
that steroids are unsafe.
c. all athletes who take steroids are supervised
by their doctors.
d. steroids are dangerous.
Further, according to the BMJ article, theres

little medical evidence to back up the claims that
performance-enhancing drugs, such as steroids,
are dangerous. However, what can be dangerous,
according to many experts, is the current
situation that some athletes take performanceenhancing drugs secretly and without medical
supervision.
Today, so many people are having cosmetic surgery

and taking medication to improve mental and physical
health. Therefore, we shouldnt deny athletes the
chance to enhance their performance with drugs in a
safe, medically supervised way.
1. When there are big sports events, the media and

fans debate the use of performance.
enhancing drugs
2. Compared to new drugs, detection tests
are being developed slowly
3. It may be impossible to develop a test
to detect the genes
24
Posted by Bob Doyle at 14/12/2008 3:02 PM // Add Comment

Tags: Ball, Sports, Fans
Unit 3
WRITING
1. Write the words in the correct order to form sentences.
There may be more than one correct answer.
1. these / sunglasses / how much / do / cost / ?
How much do these sunglasses cost?

2. angrily / Mark / last night / the party / left / .
Mark left the party angrily last night. / Last

night, Mark left the party angrily.
3. am listening / to music / now / outside / I / .
I am listening to music outside now.

4. study / at school / he / does / hard / every day / ?
Does he study hard at school every day?

5. mum / cake / I / baked / yesterday / for / my / a / .
I baked a cake for my mum yesterday. /

Yesterday, I baked a cake for my mum.
2. Read the rst paragraph of the biography. Underline
the sentence with an error in word order. Rewrite the
sentence correctly.
Fernando Alonso Diaz

In the competitive, dangerous sport of high-speed
Formula One motor racing, Fernando Alonso Diaz is a
star. He became the youngest driver to win in 2005 the
World Drivers Championship title.
He became the youngest driver to win the World
Drivers Championship title in 2005.
3. Read the rest of the paragraphs in the biography.
Number the paragraphs in the correct order.
4 Since then, Fernandos career has been highly

successful. He also, however, experienced what every
racing driver fears a high-speed crash. Luckily, he
survived.
2 Fernando was born in Oviedo, Asturias, Spain,
in 1981. His father was an amateur kart racer and
encouraged his sons interest in the sport. By the
time Fernando was 17, he had won major karting
competitions.
5 Despite all this success, he seems to know whats
really important in life. He is a Goodwill Ambassador
for UNICEF. And, when he won the World Drivers
Championship title for the first time, he dedicated it
to his family and friends.
3 From karts, he graduated to racing cars. He
competed in his first car races in 1999, setting a new
speed record. In 2000, he competed in Formula 3000.
He finished second in one race that season and won
another, allowing him to become a Formula One driver
in 2001.
Your Task
Write a biography of a famous person from
your country that you admire. Use 100-150
words.
WRITING YOUR BIOGRAPHY

1. Brainstorm your biography.
Choose a famous person. Think of
someone who is interesting or special in
some way.
Use the Internet to nd information. Start
by using a search engine such as Google.
Look at several sites and nd two or three
that contain the information you want.
Make a list of the facts and information
you found. Decide which facts to include.
Exercises 2 and 3 and the plan below to
help you.
PLAN
Opening: State who the person is / was and
what they are famous for.
Body: Write about the persons early
life, career developments and
achievements.
Closing: Sum up the persons achievements.
Include their future plans if you
know them.

CHECKLIST
I followed the plan for a biography.

I used correct word order.
I put the information from the Internet
into my own words.
punctuation.
25

Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Replace each word or expression in bold with

a suitable word or expression below. Make
any necessary changes.

have a head start break the record

take up seek win the argument unfair
beat an opponent achieve willpower
1. The local tennis club is trying to find a new
coach for its youth team.
havent got
1. I
yet.
2. Julia
year.
3.
seeking
2. The aim of the game is to defeat the other
player.
(not get) my driving licence
bought
(buy) a new iPod last
Have you ever taken part

(take part) in a reality show?
did
4. Why
early last night?
they
leave
(leave) so
beat an opponent
3. He succeeded in getting what he wanted.
achieved
4. Sheila started knitting last year.
took up
5. Henry didnt give up until he convinced
everyone that he was right.
has been
Paula Radcliffe 1.
(be) a runner
all her life, but her career 2. hasnt always gone
(not always go) well. On the one hand, in 2008, Paula
3.
won the argument

6. It takes a lot of self-discipline for a chocoholic
to give up chocolate.
willpower
7. I thought the decision was not justified.
unfair
8. I began before everyone else, so I was the
first to finish the project.
had a head start

2. Complete the sentences with a suitable
collocation. Use the verbs set, raise or win and
the words below.
the issue the salaries a date

a precedent the competition
1. Mr Jones decided to raise the salaries of all
his employees last year.
became
(become) the second woman to

win the New York Marathon three times. On the other
hand, she 4. hasnt achieved (not achieve) her
failed
(fail) to
ultimate goal yet. Paula 5.
win in the last two Olympics. She thought she could
win in Athens in 2004, but she 6. didnt reach
(not reach) the finish line. Then an injury

7.
prevented
(prevent) her from preparing
properly for the Beijing Olympics, where she
8.
came
(come) 23rd. However, she
9. hasnt given up
(not give up). The Olympics is
10.
have
dreamt / (dream) about
something that I
have dreamed
since I was a little girl, she says.
Writing
5. Correct the errors in word order.
2. Although he tried his best, he didnt

win the competition.
1. Does the teacher give you always homework?
3. Barack Obama set a precedent when he

became the first African-American president.
2. Why havent you my book given me back?
4. We want to raise the issue of teenage

drivers at the next council meeting.
3. Sharon brought her dog yesterday to school.
5. They
party.
26

of the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple
or Present Perfect Simple.
set a date
for the end-of-year
Does the teacher always give you homework?

Why havent you given me back my book?
Sharon brought her dog to school yesterday.
Unit 3

Vocabulary
Grammar


F 1. An open-minded person never changes

his mind.
An open-minded person may /

might change his mind.
T 2. All living creatures breathe.
were
1. Where
you
when the lesson began?
very well.
An acquaintance is someone you

dont know very well.
F 4. When you hesitate, you react quickly.

When you hesitate, you react slowly.
T 5. Protective clothing prevents injuries.

of the words and expressions below.
challenge realise endurance

survive lucky to be alive
seriously injured join single
Touching the Void is a book about 1. endurance and
determination, as well as a great deal of luck. Written
by Joe Simpson, the book tells how he and a friend,
Simon Yates, climbed a 6,300-metre mountain in the
Andes, Peru. This was quite a 2. challenge , since it
had never been done there before. They made it to the
top in a terrible snowstorm. Coming down the
single
mountain, they were tied together by a 3.
rope. Joe slipped and broke his leg. He was
seriously
injured
4.
and couldnt go on. Simon
5.
realised he needed to help him down, so he
lowered Joe 90 metres at a time. Once, Simon lowered

him too far and Joe was left hanging over the cliff,
almost pulling Simon off the mountain. It was a painful
decision to make, but Simon cut the rope, sending Joe
down the mountain to his death. But Joe
6.
survived . He knew he was 7.lucky to be alive
.
In great pain, he crawled down the mountain and
8.
joined his friend four days later. Joe says that
in Simons place, he would also have cut the rope.
(sit)
delivers
2. My brother
(deliver)
newspapers very early in the mornings.
3.
F 3. An acquaintance is someone you know
sitting
Are
you coming
festival tonight? Itll be fun.
(come) to the
slept
(sleep) through the
4. Mark
entire concert last night.
5. The mechanic had repaired
car by the time I arrived.
hasnt lost
6. Jane
tennis yet.
(repair) my
(not lose) a game of
7. I dont understand(not understand) what

youre saying to me.
of the sentences.
1. How long has Paul been a lawyer? (When)
When did Paul become a lawyer?

2. This is my first time at a hockey match. (never)
Ive never been to a hockey match.

3. Vera is in the middle of her homework. (now)
Vera is doing her homework now.

4. Harriet cleaned the house. Then the guests
arrived. (by the time)
Harriet had cleaned the house by the time

the guests arrived.
5. Whats your opinion about this idea? (think)
What do you think about this idea?
Writing
1. There was silence when, suddenly / eventually,

there was a terrible scream.
2. We won the match after / then I scored a goal.
3. He doesnt carefully listen / listen carefully.
4. I joined yesterday a sports club /
a sports club yesterday.
27
Landmarks
VOCABULARY
1. Complete the sentences with the most
suitable adjective below.
narrow huge spare leisure bare

1. The citys football stadium is
huge
it holds 80,000 spectators.
spare rooms
2. Our new house has got two
for guests. Its nice to have the extra space.
3. Some of the roads here are very
so look out for other cars.
narrow ,
4. I want to hang some pictures on these two

bare
walls.
5. Walking my dog in the park is a
activity that I enjoy.
leisure
2. Match the adjectives in I to their

meanings in II.
I
1. ancient
2. spacious
3. major
4. breathtaking
II
4
2
1
3
a. beautiful, amazing
b. having plenty of room
c. very old
d. significant, important

F 1. A source is the end of something.

A source is the beginning of something.
F 2. A shore is the land along the edge of a
road.
A shore is the land along the edge

of a body of water.
T 3. A surface is the top of something.
F 4. A ruler is a person who follows orders.

A ruler is a person who gives orders.
F 5. A skyscraper is a very low building.
A skyscraper is a very tall building.
T 6. A landmark is a recognisable or important
building or structure.
F 7. An engineer is a machine that designs

things.
An engineer is a person that designs

things.
T 8. A bridge connects two places or things.
4. Write a logical response with the words in

brackets. Use the correct form of want. Add
any necessary words.
1. Its Michelles birthday tomorrow.

(buy a present)
I want to buy her a present
2. Our neighbours television is very loud.
(turn it down)
We want them to turn it down
3. Youre making too much noise.

(be quiet)
I want you to be quiet
4. He doesnt feel like studying.

(do homework)
He doesnt want to do homework now
5. Sam insulted me.

(apologise)
I want him to apologise / want Sam
to apologise to me
28
Unit 4
5. Rewrite the sentences by changing the underlined words from British English to American English, or
from American English to British English. Make any necessary changes.
1. My new apartment is next to a small movie theater.
My new flat is next to a small cinema.

2. They live on the ground floor, so they never use the lift.
They live on the first floor, so they never use the elevator.
3. The clothing store were going to is downtown.
The clothing shop were going to is in the city centre.

4. My mother likes going to this mall because its got a large parking lot.
My mother likes going to this shopping centre because its got a large car park.
5. In this neighbourhood of houses with gardens, there are no pavements.
In this neighbourhood of houses with yards, there are no sidewalks.

6. Complete the passage with the words and phrases below.
storeys bridge support reach for torn down

surfaces running out luxury steel
RECYCLED HOMES
Due to a growing concern about natural resources 1.running out , there is an increased interest in
constructing homes and buildings with recycled materials.
One example of this type of building is an earthship. First, a basic wooden frame is constructed to 2. support
the structure. Then, the outer and inner walls are built with used earth-filled tyres. Doors and windows are fitted
and, finally, the 3. surfaces of the walls are covered with cement or adobe. An earthship can be built with one
storeys , and some large earthships even resemble expensive 5. luxury homes.
or two 4.
Does this all make you want to 6. reach for the nearest tyre and start building? Perhaps, instead, youd prefer
to consider a simpler home built of plastic water bottles, as a man in Serbia built. Or you may want to build a
bridge thats being 8. torn down , or even a highway. Thats exactly what was done
home from an old 7.
steel and other materials that were removed
in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. A home was built from the 9.
from a highway.
Creative people all over the world are coming up with new and unusual eco-friendly designs for homes and other
buildings. The only limit is human imagination.
1. The most spacious room in my home is Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. .
2. In my spare time, I like to
3. At home, we sometimes run out of
4. A major decision I recently made was to
5. One of the landmarks in my town is
6. My parents usually want me to
29
GRAMMAR
3. Three sentences in Exercise 2 can also be

written using Present Continuous with future
meaning. Rewrite them in that form.
1. Careful! The coffee will spill / is going to spill.

2. Dont worry. I am helping / will help you study
for the test.
3. I invited Luke to join us, but Im sure he
isnt coming / wont come.
4. Are you going to wear / Will you wear your
new dress tonight?
5. On Saturday, Debra is going / will go to her
grandparents for dinner.
2. The museums contemporary art

exhibition is opening at 9.00.
4. We have to watch the news tonight.
The Prime Minister is making a
major announcement.
6. I hate to miss your party, but I am
visiting my friend in hospital tonight.
1. Dan
on Thursday morning, so lets meet him
for lunch.
a. will have arrived
b. will be arriving
2. By tomorrow, we
a. will be receiving
6. Lets take the dog to the park. He is enjoying /

will enjoy playing there.
by the time you go for

3. How many lessons
your driving test?
a. will you have taken
b. will you be taking
7. I really like these earrings! I think Ill buy /

Im going to buy them!
in New York next year.

4. My parents
a. will have lived
b. will be living
8. Im going to take / I will take a jumper

tonight in case it gets cold.
5. By the time her new CD comes out, she

her
world tour.
a. will have started
b. will be starting

of the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Simple
or be going to.
1. Which team do you think

will win
(win) the match on
Saturday?
2. The museums contemporary art exhibition
will open
(open) at 9.00.
3. Watch out! You
are going to fall (fall).
4. We have to watch the news tonight. The Prime

is going to make (make) a major
Minister
announcement.
will feel
5. Sue
after her exams are over.
(feel) more relaxed
6. I hate to miss your party, but I

am going to visit (visit) my friend in
hospital tonight.
will help
7. Dont worry. I
arrange everything.
8.
Are
(help) you
yougoing to meet(meet) us this
weekend?
9. There are no clouds in the sky. It
isnt going to rain (not rain) today.
5. Answer the questions with the words in

brackets. Use the Future Perfect or Future
Continuous.
1. Why are you so nervous about the drive

tomorrow?
(drive / on / narrow mountain roads)
Because I will be driving on narrow
mountain roads.
2. Can you play basketball at around five today?

(not finish / my homework / by then)
No, I wont have finished my
homework by then.
3. Whats your sister going to do while shes in

Egypt?
(participate / in / an archeological dig)
She will be participating in an
archeological dig.
4. Are you studying at university now?

(attend / next year)
Not yet, but I will be attending next year.
.
5. Do you know why theres a party for Mr Abbott
this week?
(teach / here / for 25 years)
Because on Friday, he will have taught here
for 25 years.
30
our exam results.

b. will have received
Unit 4
6. Complete the advert with the correct form of
the verbs in brackets. Use future tenses. There
may be more than one correct answer.
1. There is no milk left. I buy some this evening.
There is no milk left. I will buy some

this evening.
2. Look! The glasses will fall.
Look! The glasses are going to fall.
Architecture Association
Student Competition
3. By this time tomorrow, Tom will decided which

house to buy.
By this time tomorrow, Tom will have

decided which house to buy.
Possible answers:
Have you got an idea for a unique house or building?
1.
Are
4. He moves to Liverpool next week.
going to study
you
He is going to move / is moving to

Liverpool next week.
(study) architecture
next year? Well, maybe now is the time to put your
5. Dont phone after 10 oclock. They will are

sleeping.
imagination to work.
Dont phone after 10 oclock. They will be

sleeping.
During July and August, the Architecture Association

2.
will be accepting (accept) entries for its 10th
Student Competition. The entry forms are already

available on our website.
1. Will there be some leisure time on the trip?
Habr tiempo libre en el viaje?
will be
(be)
All the entries 3.
on display in the Associations building in
September and October, and professional architects
2. They will have completed the skyscraper by the

year 2012.
are going to judge / will

be judging
(judge) each design. This
are
going
to
be
/ will be
years prizes 5.
(be) the best
Habrn terminado el rascacielos para el

ao 2012.
4.
3. I wont have any spare time this weekend.
No tendr (nada de) tiempo libre este fin

de semana.
ever offered! The creators of the top three designs

6.
will receive
(receive) 1,000 each, a
professionally built model of his or her design and
an architect-led tour of five of Londons landmark
buildings.
4. At this time tomorrow, we will be enjoying the

breathtaking view from our hotel room.
Maana a estas horas estaremos disfrutando de la vista

impresionante desde nuestra habitacin del hotel.
5. The countrys ruler is going to make an
announcement in an hour.
Were confident that by

the competitions end, we
7.
El gobernante del pas va a hacer un

anuncio dentro de una hora.
will have seen
Grammar Review
(see) a lot of fascinating,

creative designs.
Be a part of it!

1. Sally has to work late tonight. By the time the

will have been (be)
shop closes, she
there for 12 hours.
2. By the time I arrived, everyone
had left
(leave) the party.
7. Complete the sentences. Make them true for

you. Use future tenses.
3. That pizza smells good! I think I

will have /
(have) a piece.
1. I hope that one day, I

correct answers.
am going to have
4. I know youre not jogging today, but

are you going to jog (jog) tomorrow?
5. I love those jeans! Where

did you buy
(you / buy) them?
6. I was so embarrassed yesterday. John arrived

was arguing
(argue) with my
while I
mum.
2. Im busy at the weekend. My friends and I

3. Hopefully, by next year I
4. Its possible that in another five years, my parents

.
31
Same Rooms,
Different Views
READING
Imagine being able to rotate your house so that you can

have different views whenever you want, or so that the sun
or shade can warm or cool different rooms.
1. Scan the text and nd the following

information:
1. the year Franois Massau built his first

1958
heliotropic house
In 1958, the first of three such houses built by Franois

Massau in Wavre, Belgium, was completed. Massau had
no training as a builder, architect or engineer. Nor did he
have any money. But Massau had inspiration a sick wife
and the imagination to design a house that would provide
as much sunshine and warmth for her as possible.
2. the size of the Massau house in Wavre
130 square metres

3. the name of an architect
David Fisher
2. Read the text and choose the correct answer.
1. The word heliotropic

a. originated from Franois Massau.
b. always refers to houses that rotate.
c. is most commonly used in reference to
how plants grow.
d. means from the sun in Greek.
2. Which is NOT mentioned as a benefit of rotating
buildings?
a. They are quieter than standard buildings.
b. They conserve energy.
c. They provide varying views.
d. They can be positioned to take advantage
of sun and shade.
His plan was a heliotropic house. Heliotropic, from Greek,

means turning to the sun, and usually refers to a plants
characteristic of growing towards the sun. Massaus idea
was simple. Each of his three heliotropic houses is built
on a steel track on top of an immovable foundation, and
under a stationary roof held up on columns. At the push
of a button, an electric motor causes the house to revolve
slowly. For the 130 square metre house in Wavre, one
complete rotation takes an hour and a half. The house can
be stopped at any point, and the movement does not affect
plumbing or electricity.
1. Franois Massaus sick wife was his inspiration

for building a heliotropic house
.
2. Electric motors make Massaus three houses
revolve slowly
3. Dynamic architecture is one of the other
names for heliotropic buildings
4. In David Fishers skyscrapers, wind turbines
will provide the power for each storeys .

rotation
4. Find words or expressions in the text that
mean the opposite of:
1. healthy
(paragraph 2)
sick
2. remove, take away

(paragraph 2) provide
3. moving
(paragraph 3) stationary
4. have no influence on
affect
(paragraph 3)
5. unique
(paragraph 4) standard
32
Today, heliotropic buildings also referred to as revolving,

rotating, sunflower or dynamic architecture are considered
environmentally friendly. Because they can be revolved
towards or away from the sun, they require less energy to
heat and cool than standard buildings.
Soon, the worlds first rotating skyscraper is going to be
built in Dubai. Its architect, David Fisher, is also planning
two more, one in Moscow and another in New York City.
In Fishers designs, each storey of the building will rotate
independently of the others, powered by wind turbines.
If rotating architecture becomes popular, more of us can look
forward to waking up to a different view each morning.
Unit 4
WRITING
Your Task
1. Choose the adjective that does not belong.
WRITING YOUR DESCRIPTION
1. breathtaking / narrow / spectacular
Write a description of a place in your town.

Use 100-150 words.
1. Brainstorm your description.
2. luxurious / elegant / frightening
Think of places that you have visited.
3. noisy / marvellous / wonderful
Decide on a place that is interesting or

special in some way. You may want to use
the Internet to nd out facts about it.
4. beautiful / lovely / immense

5. ancient / huge / towering
2. Write the adjectives in the correct order for each
sentence.
1. That brick, big, old building is a school.
big, old, brick

2. The new shopping centre is a / an huge, glass, ugly
building. ugly, huge, glass
3. The villages picturesque, ancient, long streets were
crowded during the festival.picturesque, long, ancient
4. The restaurant has got granite, Italian, grey tables.
grey, Italian, granite

3. Complete the description with the adjectives below.
Do not use the same adjective twice.
lively Roman difcult ancient

spacious crowded unusual
Covent Garden Piazza
crowded / lively
The Covent Garden Piazza is a 1.
shopping
and entertainment area in central London. Its hard to
believe that it is built on land that was once a vegetable
garden for a church.
The piazza was built in 1630, and soon became famous
for its open-air fruit, vegetable and flower market. The
indoor market, Covent Garden Market, was built in the
piazza in 1830. This beautiful building is still there.
Its worth taking a moment to admire the exterior which
looks like an 2. ancient 3. Roman bathhouse.
Today, the outdoor market has gone. Instead,
there are shops, cafs and restaurants all around
the 4. spacious piazza. The square is usually
5.lively / crowded
and theres always a festive atmosphere
because of the performers who entertain visitors. In both
the piazza and the indoor market, shops offer everything
from 6. unusual pieces of jewellery to antique books
and maps. Theres so much to choose from its very
7.
difficult to make a decision!
Be sure to put the Covent Garden Piazza on your list of
places to visit in London. Youll definitely enjoy it!
Think about the following questions.

Choose the points that are relevant to
your essay.
- Where is the place?

- When was it built?
- What does it look like?
- What is special or interesting about it?
- What can you do there?
- What is the atmosphere like?
- What impression does it give the visitor?
- What is your opinion of the place?
- Do you recommend that people visit it?
PLAN
Opening: Give the name and location of the
place and one or two details. Say
what is special or interesting
about it.
Body: Describe the place in more detail
and give examples of the things
you can see or do there.
Closing: Write a concluding sentence
and give an opinion or
recommendation.

CHECKLIST
I followed the plan for a description of a

place.
I used a variety of adjectives to describe
the place.
I followed the rules for adjective order.
punctuation.
33

Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Write the words next to their meanings.

form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Future
Perfect Simple or Future Continuous.
storey skyscraper shore bridge

ruler resort
1. a structure across a river or road
1. By the end of the month, we

will have finished (finish) our project.
3. land at the edge of the sea or a lake
2. By this time next year,

have passed
Jimmy
driving test?
bridge
2. an extremely tall building skyscraper
shore
4. one floor or level of a building
storey
5. a person who has power over a country
will
(pass) his
3. We can go round there at three oclock. He

wont be working (not work) then.
ruler
6. a place where a lot of people go on holiday
resort
2. Which noun cannot be described by the
adjective in bold?
1. huge
responsibility country class mark
2. breathtaking
smell view picture sight
3. ancient times custom person drawing

4. spare
time money tyre question
3. Rewrite the sentences by changing the

underlined words from British English to
American English, or from American English
to British English.
1. There are at least 100 shops in the local

shopping centre.
There are at least 100 stores in the local

mall.

of the verbs in brackets. Use future tenses.
Possible answers:
When I finish school this year, I 1. am going to work

(work) in my uncles office. He is an architect and
thats what I want to be too. I 2. am going to stay
(stay) there for a few months until the new academic
year starts. By then, I 3. will have gained (gain)
will be
(be) ready
some experience and 4.
to start at the College of Architecture. My only real
problem is that the college hasnt accepted me yet
because I havent completed my entrance project. I
5. am going to stay
(stay) at home most evenings
until I get it done. I 6. am going to ask (ask) Ian to
help me, since he was accepted last year and knows
what is required. But that means Ive got very little
is going / is going (go)
to go
time, as he 7.
abroad soon. I
hope I 8.will have managed(manage) to present my
2. The sidewalk near our local movie theater is

always littered with ice-cream wrappers.
The pavement near our local cinema is

always littered with ice-cream wrappers.
Writing
7. Write the adjectives in the correct order for

each sentence.
1. The teacher told the student, I want

you to leave / to leave the classroom now,
please.
1. The Parthenon is a / an ancient, Greek, stone

(stone / Greek / ancient) temple.
2. Dan asked his father, I want to use /

you to use the car tonight. Is that OK?
34
work before he leaves. I think I can do it!
2. My office is in a tall, green, glass

(glass / tall / green) skyscraper.
3. Peters neighbour is a / an
unattractive, short, (middle-aged /
middle-aged
unattractive / short) man.
Unit 4

Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Match the words in I with their meanings

in II.

of the sentences.
II
1. disorder
3 a. a person invited to a place
1. How long have you been playing tennis? (start)
When did you start playing tennis?
or event
2. thrill
3. guest
4. share
4 b. divide something between
2. Ben bought his horse two years ago. (for)
Ben has had his horse for two years.
people
1 c. an illness or abnormal
condition
3. Theyre going to rehearse the play from 6.00 to

7.00 tomorrow. (at 6.30 tomorrow)
They will be rehearsing the play at 6.30

tomorrow.
2 d. sudden strong feeling of

excitement
2. Choose the correct answer. Pay attention to
the underlined words.
1. The dog ran off with my shoe when I opened /

shut the door.
2. Jean listened / didnt listen to our conversation
while she was pretending to be asleep.
3. It was such a relief to find I hadnt / had locked
the front door when we left.
4. Firefighters / Architects often risk their lives.
5. Jon took the lift to the fifth floor because he
needed the exercise / was tired.

will be
Many people believe that they 1.
(be) happier one day with more money. But
2.
is
(be) this really true? A 17-year-old
3.
is facing
lottery winner
(face) that
question today. A few weeks ago, he
went
(go) into a shop and
5.
bought
(buy) a lottery ticket. At that
6.
was
working
time, he
(work) in a fast-food
restaurant. Today, he 7. is celebrating (celebrate)
his 2 million win. Unfortunately, people
4.
8.
3. The following sentences dont make sense.

Make them logical by replacing the words in
bold with the words below.
furious condent skinny glass

suit single
1. Come to the interview wearing a request and
suit
tie, please.
2. The thief was valuable when the police found
the jewels he had stolen. furious
3. I dont understand why muscular models
are considered beautiful. Theyre far too thin.
skinny
4. Les has put in windows with special willpower
glass
that keeps out the noise.
5. Ann is impulsive she will win. confident
6. He answered every startled question correctly.
single
arent
(not be) always careful with

their winnings. For example, one woman
9.
won
(win) a large sum of money in a
10.
rushed
lottery last year. She
(rush) to
spent
the nearest car showroom and 11.
(spend) the money on an expensive car. Today, she has
got very little money because she
12. has already spent
(already / spend) it all.
Writing
6. Write the words in the correct order to form
sentences.
1. glass / unusual / I / modern / bought / table / an
I bought an unusual, modern, glass table.

2. didnt / me / tell / why / truth / the / you
Why didnt you tell me the truth?

3. book / finally / the / he / me / returned / to
He finally returned the book to me.

Finally, he returned the book to me.
35
2. Complete the captions with the words and

phrases below.
cubs in captivity hunt conservation

breeds predators habitats cages
1
Speak Out!
VOCABULARY
Predators are animals that

animals for food.
hunt
other
2
original.
1. Mary is longing for Dave to return from his

holiday.
a. Shes very excited to see him.
b. Shes nervous about seeing him.
2. Im very short of time today.
a. Im free all day.
b. Lets meet tomorrow instead.
3. Hold your horses!
a. Im not ready to go yet.
b. We really have to hurry!
The safari park breeds lions, but doesnt

cubs
allow visitors near the
.
3
4. I felt like a fish out of water at the opera.

a. I usually go to rock concerts.
b. I felt ill, and it was difficult for me to breathe.
5. This plant will be better off in the kitchen.
a. Thats why we should move it into the
living room.
b. Theres more light there.
6. Julia let the cat out of the bag.
a. But I wont tell anyone else.
b. She revealed nothing.
Animals that are in captivity in zoos are often

cages .
kept in
4
7. No matter what you say, Im going out with

Lynda.
a. Thats why Id like to know your opinion.
b. I dont care about your opinion.
8. It was a hectic day at the shop.
a. People came in all day.
b. Very few people came in.
Many animals habitats are disappearing
becauseconservationlaws arent properly
enforced.
36
Unit 5
3. Complete the sentences by adding un-, dis-, im-, il-, in- or ir- to form the opposite meaning of the
adjectives below. Use a dictionary to help you.
responsible legal usual patient advantage relevant

1. The onlydisadvantageof this neighbourhood is that it lacks public transport.
2. His story was irrelevant to the investigation. It didnt help at all.
illegal to park your car on the pavement.

4. Dont be so impatient ! Im almost ready to go.
5. You always lose things. I think youre veryirresponsible.
6. Thats an unusual building. Ive never seen such an odd design before!
3. Its
4. Complete the sentences by adding inter-, over-, re-, ex-, under- or mis- to the words in brackets.
rewrite (write) my essay because I didnt get a good mark.

2. Our dog is overweight (weight), so the vet recommended low-calorie food.
undercharged(charged) me for this shirt. Instead of 25, I paid 15!
3. The shop
1. I have to
ex-wife (wife) wrote a book about their failed marriage.

5. The intercity (city) train between Manchester and London is fast and comfortable.
6. When young children misbehave (behave), its often because theyre tired.
4. The actors
5. Complete the passage with the words below.
customers hectic miss no matter what fee dream come true

breed claimed owners better off lifelong ex-president
Dog Shows Or People Shows?

miss
My dog would 1.
the excitement if I
suddenly stopped entering him in competitions, said
Patricia Graham, 2.ex-president of the Newbury
Dog Club.
dream come true
For my poodle Meg, it was a 3.
to win first
place at last years show, 4. claimed 70-year-old Ian
Witcolm, a 5. lifelong participant in dog shows.
The only people who are honest about why they attend
dogs. They
dog shows are those who 9. breed
fee
, they
admit that for the cost of an entry 10.
can display their dogs and puppies to
hundreds of potential 11. customers
in a short time. And thats very good
for their business.
I heard these statements at two dog shows I attended

no matter what 7. owners
dog
last month. But 6.
say, Im convinced that they participate in dog shows
for themselves, not for their dogs. In general, although
hectic
a few dogs seemed to enjoy the noisy, 8.
The next time you think about

entering your dog in a show,
think about whether
atmosphere, most of them didnt care when they won

although their owners were very excited.
staying at home.
your dog would be

12.
better off
1. I feel cosy when Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers.
2. I felt like a fish out of water when
3. I would love to touch a wild
4. If I left my hometown, I would miss
5. I think its unfair
37
GRAMMAR
1. Choose the correct relative pronoun. Underline the sentence in which you can omit the relative
pronoun.
August is the month 1. when / where we go on holiday. Every year, our dog, 2. that / which is a German
shepherd, comes with us. We always stay at hotels 3. that / where allow dogs. Usually there are other guests
4.
whose / who have brought their dogs. Last year, our hotel was near a big park 5. where / which the dogs
could play. The guests, 6. whose / when dogs were playing, talked and got to know each other.
2. Add the missing commas to the sentences where necessary. Circle the sentences that contain a
non-dening clause.
1. Jan,who is an incredible dancer, is joining a dance group.

2. The tiger that the documentary was about was released into the wild.
3. Ive never seen Madonna, whose music I love, in concert.
4. I finally saw the film which everyone is talking about.
5. The Kings Head pub,where I worked for two years,closed last week.
3. Form sentences by matching I to II and adding the correct relative pronoun. There may be more than
one correct relative pronoun for some sentences.
A
1. Yesterday, I ran into Dan,
who
2. On the tour, well see the palace

3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
where
I need a bicycle that / which

whose
I feel sorry for the families
which
Many people surf in California,
when
My favourite season is spring,
when
Last Saturday,
Nobody likes people who / that
7
8
6
4
5
3
1
2
a. I was at a friends, my dog ran away.

b. tell lies.
c. it gets warmer and the snow melts.
d. homes were destroyed in the fire.
e. is on the Pacific coast of the USA.
f. is more comfortable than this one.
g. I hadnt seen for a long time.
h. the Queen lives.
4. Combine the sentences using the relative pronoun in brackets. Make any necessary changes.
1. My brother is a vet. He fights for animal rights. (who)
My brother is a vet, who fights for animal rights. / My brother,

who fights for animal rights, is a vet.
2. I want to see the photograph. You took it for the student magazine. (which)
I want to see the photograph which you took for the student magazine.
3. Id like you to meet Sarah. Her office is next to yours. (whose)
Id like you to meet Sarah, whose office is next to yours.

4. Our DVD player broke down last week. We bought it five years ago. (which)
Our DVD player, which we bought five years ago, broke down last week.
5. Last summer, I was very happy. I was in Paris with my friends. (when)
Last summer, I was very happy when I was in Paris with my friends. /
Last summer, when I was with my friends in Paris, I was very happy.
6. This is the park. Brian found a stray puppy here. (where)
This is the park where Brian found a stray puppy.
38
Unit 5
5. Combine the sentences with a suitable
relative pronoun. Make any necessary
changes.
1. Geese can be as protective as dogs. They are

sometimes used as guard animals.
Geese, which can be as protective as dogs,

are sometimes used as guard animals.
2. Ive got a friend. His sister appeared on Pop Idol.
Ive got a friend whose sister appeared

on Pop Idol.
3. I lived here until 2005. I moved to Leeds then.
1. I work in an organisation that it works for the

conservation of animals.
I work in an organisation that works for

the conservation of animals.
2. Bongos, that live in the mountains of Kenya,

have been endangered for years.
Bongos, which live in the mountains of

Kenya, have been endangered for years.
3. There are many pets that their owners are cruel.
There are many pets whose owners are cruel.
I lived here until 2005 when I moved to Leeds. 4. This is a wonderful zoo where none of the
4. Robert is a DJ. He works at the new club.
animals dont live in cages there.
This is a wonderful zoo where none of

Robert is a DJ who / that works at the new club. the animals live in cages.
5. The hotel is full. The President is staying there.
5. We live in times where we can rent anything.
We live in times when we can rent

The hotel where the President is staying is full. anything.
6. Jane knows three languages. Shes studying to

be a translator.
Jane, who knows three languages, is

studying to be a translator. / Jane, who
is studying to be a translator, knows
three languages.
6. Complete the passage with suitable relative

pronouns. There may be more than one
correct answer.
Royal Swans
Open a tourist brochure or visit a website about Britain, and
you might also see a photo of large white swans. These water
which are also called mute swans, are a
birds, 1.
approximately
much-loved sight in Britain, 2. where
30,000 of them live. You may be surprised to learn that there
is actually someone 3. who / that owns them. All the
swans 4. that / which live on Britains rivers, canals and
lakes belong to the Queen. This tradition began about 500
when mute swans were bred for food.
years ago, 5.
At the time, swan breeders had to give their birds a special
mark, but unmarked birds were considered royal property.
The swans are still owned by the Queen. Among the royal
whose
job includes
staff is a Swan Keeper, 6.
organising a traditional ceremony called the Swanupping. This always occurs in the third week of July,
7.
when
swans on the River Thames are counted
and identified.
There are some people today 8. who / that think its silly
for the swans to belong to the monarch, but many others
attribute the survival of the species to its royal protection.
1. You shouldnt underestimate the animals pain.
No deberas menospreciar el dolor del animal.

2. These animals wouldnt be better off in animal
shelters, where theyre often short of food.
Estos animales no estaran mejor en

refugios para animales, donde a menudo
estn escasos
3. Customers,
whode
paycomida.
a monthly fee, pick up a
dog from the office.
Los clientes, quienes pagan una cuota

mensual, recogen al perro en la oficina.
4. Spain is a country where hunting is legal.
Espaa es un pas en el que la caza es legal.

5. A cute tiger cub will soon grow into an adult
which is fierce and dangerous.
Un bonito cachorro de tigre pronto se

convertir en un adulto (que es) feroz y
peligroso.
Grammar Review
9. Rewrite the sentences with the words in
brackets. Make any necessary changes.
1. Sally met Jason six months ago. (know)
Sally has known Jason for six months.

2. Were going to visit our cousins in Rome in six
days! (this time next week)
This time next week, we will be visiting

our cousins in Rome.
3. We are finishing exams in June. (by the end of

June) By the end of June, we will have
finished exams. / We will have finished

exams by the end of June.
4. I have a meeting with Julie next month. (meet)
Im going to meet / Im meeting Julie

next month.
5. We met at the hotel. I work there. (where)
We met at the hotel where I work.

39
READING
1. Look at the words in bold in the text and try
to guess their meanings. Pay attention to the
part of speech.
2. Read the text and write T (True) or F (False)
for each sentence. Find information in the text
to support your answers.
1. The veterinary college programme costs

$25,000 a year.
There is also a veterinary college programme

which guarantees lifelong care for pets in
exchange for a bequest of at least $25,000.
T 2. Due to a court case, Leona Helmsleys dog
inherited less than $12 million.
Inheriting $12 million ... became a reality

for a little Maltese dog called Trouble ...
3. Find words in the text that match the
following denitions:
1. a woman who inherits money or property

(paragraph1) heiress
2. money or property left to someone in a will
(paragraph 2) bequest
3. clearly stated or designated
(paragraph 5) specified
4. a worker for a person or company
(paragraph 5) employee
1. Leona Helmsley
a. made a fortune in property.
b. inherited money from her husband.
c. bought Trouble in August 2007.
d. left all her money to Trouble.
2. The article mentions a cat, pigeons and lizards
a. as examples of animal heirs in Britain.
b. because they were among Helmsleys pets.
c. as animals that have been heirs.
d. as examples of animals that cant inherit
money.
3. Trouble was sent to live with
a. Helmsleys brother.
b. Helmsleys grandson.
c. the people Helmsley designated in her will.
d. a Helmsley company worker.
40
Animal Heirs
Inheriting $12 million is not something that happens to
most people, and certainly not to dogs. But in August
2007, that became a reality for a little Maltese dog
called Trouble, when her owner, Leona Helmsley, died.
Helmsley, heiress to her husbands fortune, also left
several billion dollars to a charity mainly dedicated to
caring for dogs.
Although Helmsleys bequest was possibly the largest
so far to an individual animal, her wish to provide for
a beloved pet was not unique. Among the well-known
cases of the past 50 years are: a British woman who
left her cat a house, household help and over 20,000;
an Australian man whose will provided money to
improve, breed, and race homing pigeons; and a
South African woman who left money to support her
pet lizards.
Many pet owners worry about what will happen to their
pets when they are no longer around to take care of
them. Recent surveys have revealed that up to a quarter
of pet owners in the United States leave money for their
pets in their wills. There is also a veterinary college
programme which guarantees lifelong care for pets in
exchange for a bequest of at least $25,000.
The bequests left in pet owners wills are often
challenged in law courts by their families or other
potential heirs, as happened in the case of Leona
Helmsleys will. It was also challenged by Helmsleys
own trustees, the people responsible for administering
her will. They successfully proved that $2 million was
enough to support Trouble, who in 2008 was already
nine years old.
But money cant buy love. Although
Helmsleys will specified that Trouble
was to live with either her brother or
her grandson, both refused. Helmsleys
trustees gave the dog and funds to
support her to a Helmsley company
employee who had known Trouble
since she was a puppy. Perhaps
pet owners should think more
about who will eventually
care for their animals than
how much money to
leave them.
Unit 5
WRITING
Your Task
Write a for and against essay about the
advantages and disadvantages of adopting
an animal from a shelter. Use 100-150
words.
1. Choose the correct connector.
1. John doesnt enjoy his job. However / Moreover, he likes

the large salary.
2. Despite / Although these jeans were expensive, Im glad
I bought them.
PLANNING YOUR FOR AND

AGAINST ESSAY
1. Brainstorm your essay.
3. Linda owns three dogs as well as / in addition two cats

and a parrot.
Make a list of pros and cons. Look at the

statements below. Which would you put
in your pros list? Which would you put
in your cons list?
2. Rewrite the sentences in Exercise 1 with the connectors

in brackets below. There may be more than one correct
answer. Possible answers:
- Shelters often do not know the background

of the animal.
- Animals are often kept in poor conditions in
shelters and therefore are difficult to train.
- Its inexpensive to get an animal from a
shelter.
- Youre giving an animal a home.
- You can return the animal if you are
unhappy keeping it.
Although John doesnt enjoy his job,
1. he likes the large salary.

2. These jeans were expensive.
(although)
Nevertheless, Im glad I bought them.(nevertheless)

3. Linda owns three dogs. Furthermore,(furthermore)
she owns two cats and a parrot.
3. Complete the for and against essay with the connectors

below. There may be more than one correct answer.
even though and on the other hand

but in addition however in conclusion
on the one hand whats more despite

Exercise 3 and the plan below.
PLAN
Recreating Extinct Animals
The woolly mammoth, which looked
like an elephant with long fur, became
extinct about 10,000 years ago.
1. But / However
, according to some scientists, it
could, in the near future, be recreated thanks to
sophisticated cloning techniques. Is this a good thing?
2. On the one hand
, animal cloning has provided
important information on how various types of cells
In addition / , many doctors believe that
develop. 3. Whats
more
amazing medical advances will be based on this new
knowledge. 4.On the other hand, there are still many
problems with cloning. The techniques are still not
and
perfect 5.
most cloning attempts fail.
6. Whats more /
, many cloned animals suffer from
In addition
birth defects and serious illnesses, which is why some
despite
people oppose cloning 7.
its potential
benefits. To recreate a long-extinct animal seems
especially cruel because it would lack companions, proper
food, and the correct environment and climate.
In conclusion, I dont think scientists should clone
extinct species. 8. Even though many people
including me would love to be able to see a woolly
mammoth and other long-extinct animals, I dont think
its fair to recreate them for our entertainment.
Opening: State the issue / controversy.

Body: Present arguments supporting one
side of the issue.
Present arguments supporting the
other side of the issue.
Closing: Sum up the topic and state your
opinion.

CHECKLIST
I followed the plan for a for and against

essay.
I used a variety of connectors of addition
and contrast.
I followed the rules for word order with
connectors.
punctuation.
41

Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Match the words in I to their meanings in II.

relative pronoun.
II
1. fee
2. lifestyle
3. short of
4. tame
5. habitat
6. lifelong
7. hectic
2
6
4
7
3
1
a. the way you live

b. for all your life
c. not afraid of people
d. very busy
e. not having enough
f. money paid for a job or
service
5 g. natural home of an animal

or plant
1. Ill come and pick up / rent my son soon.

2. Our living room is very cosy / wild on cold, wet
evenings.
3. Would the cub / owner of the blue car please
move it from the entrance?
4. Its very unkind to keep animals in small fads /
cages.
5. All big cats are conservations / predators.
6. The shop girl was serving a customer / cub
at the time.
3. Add a suitable prex to form the opposite
meaning of the adjectives below.
2.
3.
disadvantage
irrelevant
impossible
4.
5.
6.
2. He dreamed of the day when / that he would

get his first bicycle.
3. She was talking to the girl
works in the public library.
whose
4. Lets go to the area of the park

can walk our dog.
mother
where
we
5. Did you see the magician who / that made a

spoon disappear?
6. Im looking for a mobile phonewhich / that
takes photographs in the dark.
1.
1. I dont like people who / that lie to me.
unfair
inconvenient
illogical

1. Hold your horses! Walk slower / faster.

2. Dont underestimate him. Hes as strong as /
stronger than he looks.
6. Complete the passage with a suitable relative

pronoun.
Cesar Millan, known as The Dog Whisperer, is a

man 1. who / that knows dogs. People
2.
whose dogs are badly behaved seek his help.
where
Cesar goes into dog owners homes 3.
he meets their dogs and watches how the owners and
their dogs interact. He reminds dog owners that dogs
are pack animals 4. which / that need a leader. When
a dog owner becomes the leader 5. who / that
the dog is looking for, the dog will feel safe and
behave well. Cesar claims that a dog is an animal
6.that / which
lives in a pack and thats how you
should treat it.
Writing
Pay attention to the connectors in bold.
1. Ive decided to go abroad this year in spite of

correct answers.
2. Ive joined a yoga class as well as

.
3. She let the cat out of the bag. Now

everyone knows / very few people know
about it.
3. Were very pleased with our new house

although
4. Jason is an excellent student. Furthermore,

.
42
Unit 5
Progress Check Units1-5

Vocabulary
Grammar


of the sentences.
F 1. He reminded his mother to buy milk

because yesterday she remembered to do it.
1. This is my first time in a hot-air balloon. (never)
He reminded his mother to buy milk because

yesterday she didnt remember to do it.
Ive never been in a hot-air balloon.
T 2. The fact that he was breathing meant that

he was alive.
F 3. When you beat an opponent, he wins the

race. When you beat an opponent, he
loses the race. / When you beat an
opponent, you win the race.
F 4. The luxury hotel was cheap.
The luxury hotel wasnt cheap / was
expensive.
T 5. Fads dont last very long.
F 6. Our teacher is so open-minded that he
2. Were going to return home tomorrow. (by next

week)
By next week, well have returned home. /

Well have returned home by next week.
3. I havent flown since 2004. (the last time)
The last time I flew was in 2004.

4. She found her purse. She thought she had left it
on the bus. (which)
She found her purse, which she thought

she had left on the bus.
4. Complete the passage with the correct form of
the verbs in brackets.
wont listen to anything we say.
Our teacher is so open-minded that

he will listen to anything we say.
Make them logical by replacing the words
in bold with the correct word in bold from a
different sentence.
1. You can pretend this house from the

rent
beginning of the month.
2. The plastic bag remained on the risk of the
lake. surface
3. That animal might look wavy, but it doesnt
tame
like being with people.
4. She ran into the TV as soon as she got home.
switched on
Recently, a toy dog called Biscuit 1. has become

(become) the best selling toy in the U.K. Shops
2.have already sold
(already / sell) thousands of these dogs.
looks (look)
Biscuit is an electronic dog that 3.
4.
moves
(move) like a real dog.
and
It also 5. responds (respond) to voice commands
love
such as Sit and Lie down. Children 6.
7.
reacts (react)
(love) this toy dog because it
to them. Recently, the manufacturers 8.have warned
(warn) consumers that soon it 9. will be (be)
impossible to find this toy in any shop, due to the high
demand. Despite its high price (140), people still
10.
want
(want) to buy it.
5. The police dont have a single surface to help

clue
them solve the mystery.
Writing
6. My little brother likes to rent he is a dog.
pretend
7. I wish I had tame hair like you.
8. My biggest clue is growing old.
wavy
fear
9. George switched on his friend at the shopping

centre. ran into
1. We heard the news while / during our trip.

2. Although / Despite hes tired, he still wants to
go out.
3. We were sleeping when suddenly / eventually,
there was a loud noise outside.
10. Its too big a fear to take on your own.
risk
43
Extreme Weather
3. Match each sentence in I with a logical

continuation in II. Pay attention to the
underlined words.
I
1. His background is very impressive.
2. He ran the business for over ten years.
3. It was overcast most of the month.
4. Last years heatwave broke all records.
5. He witnessed a car accident yesterday.
6. He had to go back and forth to the shops.
7. For years, he avoided the city centre.
VOCABULARY
Make them logical by replacing the words
in bold with the correct word in bold from a
different sentence.
1. I shiver a lot when I play tennis, so I always have

sweat
a shower afterwards.
2. Please chase your books and put them in your
bag. gather
3. Without proper warm clothing, youll sweat
shiver
during the winter.
4. In this scorching fog, its difficult to see.
thick
5. It was warm yesterday, but there was a skilled
chilly
wind at night.
6. People often walk slowly in thick heat.
scorching
7. My cat likes to gather dogs.
chase
8. Shes a chilly guitarist. She learned to play when

she was a child. skilled
8. He was so angry that he wanted to strike

someone!
II
5
6
3
4
8
7
1
2
a. He told the police what he saw.

b. He kept forgetting things.
c. Finally, its sunny today.
d. It was terribly hot.
e. Luckily, he never actually did it.
f. He preferred less crowded areas.
g. He studied medicine and law.
h. He made all the major decisions.
4. Complete the sentences with the words in

brackets. Use a gerund or an innitive.
1. Katie stopped smoking (smoke) last month.

Im glad she finally quit!
2. We plan
August.
to fly
3. How did you manage

free tickets?
(fly) to Dublin in mid-
to get
(get) those
4. John remembers putting (put) his keys on

the table, but theyre not there now.
5. He refuses to discuss (discuss) the problem.

1. Rather than go out to dinner tonight, lets eat

at home / in a restaurant.
2. The floor is slippery. Dont worry! / Be careful!
3. The pollution in the river was deadly to the fish,
so there are no / even more fish in it now.
4. Theres a path between the school and the park
so its possible / impossible to walk between
them.
5. The snow will melt when the weather is
warmer / colder.
44
Painting (paint) my room is going to be fun!

7. Im tired of playing (play) this game now.
skiing (ski).
8. Ben enjoys
6.
Unit 6
5. Complete the second sentence so that it has a
similar meaning to the rst. Use a gerund or
innitive.
7. Complete the e-mail with the words below.
lightning overcast forecast mild

heavy path degrees drought
ood ordinary
1. Jeff doesnt eat meat.

Jeff refuses to eat meat
2. I dont understand why you want to lie.

Whats the point of lying
[email protected]
3. My sister never takes the dog for a walk.

My sister always avoids taking the dog
for a walk
4. He had never thought that he would be famous.

He had never imagined being famous
5. She thought she would pass the exam. She

expected to pass the exam
6. Match I to II to form collocations. Write a

collocation under each picture.
II
1. bitter
2. soaking
3. mild
4. thick
5. scorching
1
3
1
5
2
4
a. weather
b. cold
c. heat
d. wet
e. fog
Hi Lisa,
How are you? Im fine although until yesterday, I
was starting to get bored on this holiday. But then,
something exciting happened!
It started out as an 1. ordinary day here
the sun was shining and it was about 23
2.
degrees . But then, when we were walking
path
on a 3.
in a nature reserve, the sky
4. overcast
suddenly became
. A moment later,
there were flashes of 5. lightning , and it began
heavy that within
to pour! The rain was so 6.
minutes, the water rose above our shoes and it was
almost impossible to walk because of the
7.
flood . We somehow managed to reach
the souvenir shop, and waited inside for an hour
until the storm stopped.
We never expected to be caught in such weather!
Until yesterday, there had been a 8. drought
here for over a year, with no rain at all. And the
9.
forecast we had heard yesterday morning
mild
predicted 10.
weather and clear skies
all through the weekend.
Has there been a lot of rain in London, too? See you

next week!
Alice
bitter cold
scorching heat
4

you.
1. During a heatwave, I dont like to

correct answers.
2. Last week, I didnt remember

.
3. Someone I know recently stopped
.
4. In scorching temperatures, I like to wear
.
5. I usually shiver when
thick fog
soaking wet
45
GRAMMAR

of the verbs in brackets. Use modal perfects.
2. Susie shouldnt have been (should not / be)

so rude.
1. Linda might / must / cant meet us at the caf.

Shell let us know later.
2. I dont believe that! It shouldnt / cant /
mustnt be true!
3. You must / dont have to / should pass your
driving test in order to get a licence.
4. Must / Would / Should you please buy more
bread today?
5. Might / May / Could you rollerblade when you
were younger?
6. We mustnt / dont have to / might not
smoke here. Its not permitted.
1. Thanks! I couldnt have done

(could not / do) this without you.
3. I havent seen the neighbours for two days. They

must have gone (must / go) on holiday.
might not have bought
(might not / buy)

4. We
enough food for the party. Perhaps we need to
buy more.
5. David wouldnt have ignored
(would not / ignore) you deliberately. He
probably didnt see you in the crowd.
5. Look at the pictures and complete the
sentences with a suitable modal perfect.
1
Make them logical by replacing the modals
in bold with a suitable modal. There may be
more than one correct answer.
1. This must be the correct address. Theres no club

cant
here.
2. At first, I was so excited I shouldnt speak!
They
should have
brought an umbrella.
couldnt
3. You mustnt remind me again. I wont forget.
dont have to / neednt

4. Bill should run the fastest of all the students in
class. can / could
5. Its not snowing now, but it would snow
tonight. might / may
6. You might not take photos during the
performance. Its against the rules. mustnt
Many people
this accident.
must have
been injured in
3. Write a sentence about something:
1. you must do at home.

correct answers.
2. you dont have to do at weekends.
would have gone to the party, but

He
he has been ill all week.
4
3. a friend shouldnt do.

4. you might do next year.
5. your parents cant help you with.
46
He shouldnt have bought her flowers.

Shes allergic to them.
Unit 6
1. Tom might gets caught in the storm.
Living the Cold Life
Tom might get caught in the storm.
When I first moved to Minnesota, USA, I

1.
couldnt have believed / couldnt believe
how cold the winter was, or how much it
2.
should snow / could snow! But I quickly
learned how to cope with winter. For example,
I learned that I 3. had to put / was able to put
special snow tyres on my car so I 4. could drive /
can drive safely. I also learned that water pipes
5.
must freeze / can freeze in cold weather
when theyre not used. During my first winter in
Minnesota, I went on holiday for two weeks.
When I returned, the water pipes in my house
were frozen. I realised I 6. should have asked /
should ask a neighbour to turn on my water for
a few minutes every day in order to prevent the
pipes from freezing.
Now Ive lived here for many years, and I
enjoy the winters, even when its bitterly cold
outside. I especially love winter sports, such as
cross-country skiing and ice-skating. Im happy
I moved here or I 7. wouldnt have tried /
shouldnt have tried these sports. Before
moving here, I 8. must not have imagined /
couldnt have imagined living in this climate,
but now I 9. cant imagine / shouldnt imagine
living anywhere else!
7. Complete the dialogues with the correct form
of the verbs in brackets. Use a modal or modal
perfect. There may be more than one possible
answer.
1. A:
Would
you
like
(like) some
dessert?
B: No thank you. Im full. I shouldnt have
eaten
(eat) so much.
2. Peter dont have to tell his parents. They

already know.
Peter doesnt have to tell his parents.

They already know.
3. Sue isnt answering her mobile phone. She

must leave it at home.
Sue isnt answering her mobile phone.

She must have left it at home.
4. Tim didnt do his best. He should has worked

harder.
Tim didnt do his best. He should have

worked harder.
5. Could have our team won the game?
Could our team have won the game?

1. Temperatures may reach 45C during the heat

wave.
Las temperaturas pueden alcanzar los

45C durante la ola de calor.
2. We must drink a lot of water during a heatwave.
Debemos beber mucha agua durante

una ola de calor.
3. You should have avoided driving on that slippery

road.
Deberas haber evitado conducir por esa

carretera resbaladiza.
4. Tornado chasers are constantly at risk because

they may be struck by lightning. Los cazadores
de tornados estn en peligro constantemente

porque pueden ser alcanzados por un rayo.
5. The flood might have destroyed many houses.
La inundacin puede haber destruido

muchas casas.
Grammar Review
10. Complete the sentences. Make them true
for you.
1. Im lucky because I can

correct answers.
2. Last year, I should have
2. A: How did the film end?

B: I dont remember. I must have fallen asleep
(fall asleep).
A: Well, next time you shouldnt watch
(watch) a film when youre so tired.
must have got /

3. A: Janes not here yet. She might
have got /
(get) stuck in traffic.
may have got
B: Thats a shame, because we
cant start
(start) the meeting
without her.
.
.
3. Next year at this time, I

.
4. My best friend, who
.
5. Since I was a child, my parents
.
6. Last night at 7 oclock, I
.
47
READING
1. Look at the underlined connectors in the text.
Which is an example of:
because
2. a connector that indicates result?For this reason
3. a connector of contrast? However
1. a connector that indicates cause?
4. a connector of additional information?
In addition
2. Read the text and choose the correct answer.
1. Monitoring devices
a. are used to analyse satellite photos.
b. help meteorologists make forecasts.
c. are used to take satellite photos.
d. provide general weather reports.
2. Utility companies
a. employ most of Britains meteorologists.
b. work for the Met.
c. employ fewer meteorologists than the Met.
d. dont employ meteorologists.
3. Find words in the text that mean the opposite
of:
1. incorrect (paragraph 2)
2. minority (paragraph 3)
3. simple (paragraph 3)
4. general (paragraph 6)
accurate
majority
complex
specialised

Find information in the text to support your
answers.
F 1. Very few meteorologists are forecasters.

The majority of meteorologists
work in forecasting.
T 2. A
university degree is not the only
requirement for becoming a meteorologist.
In addition, further specialised

study of meteorology is required.
1. It is a meteorologists responsibility to collect,
analyse and update weather data

.
2. The Antarctic is one of the areas where some
meteorologists monitor climate change .
or research weather
I]^c`^c\6]ZVY###
8VgZZg8dgcZg
B:I:DGDAD<N
Why is meteorology important?
Will there be snow for skiing in the mountains this
weekend? Is it going to be warm enough to go to the
beach? Should I take an umbrella or a jacket when I go
out today? For answers to these questions, we check
the weather forecast on the radio or television, in the
newspaper, or online.
While knowing what the weathers going to be is a
convenience for most of us, its absolutely vital for
transport industries, the military, road authorities, and
providers of electricity, gas, water and the phone service.
Having accurate and reliable weather information is
crucial for these essential services because it allows them
to prepare for potential weather-related problems.
What do meteorologists do?
Meteorologists are responsible for collecting, analysing
and updating weather data. The majority of meteorologists
work in forecasting. They make predictions about the
weather based on complex analyses of information from
satellite photos and monitoring devices throughout the
world. These meteorologists provide both general weather
reports to news organisations and consumers, and highly
detailed speciality reports for specific industries, such as
air travel.
However, forecasting is not the only career option for
meteorologists. Some specialise in analysing hurricanes
and other specific weather phenomena. Others monitor
climate change, or research weather in particular areas,
such as the Antarctic.
Where do meteorologists work?
Most meteorologists in Britain work for the Meteorological
Office (the Met), but others are employed by electricity
and other utility companies, environmental firms and the
agriculture industry.
How can you prepare for a career as a meteorologist?
Meteorology requires strong maths skills. For this reason,
if you want to study meteorology, you should plan to take
an A-level in maths. You will also need a university degree
in maths, meteorology or another science. In addition,
further specialised study of meteorology is required.
CZmilZZ`/ 8VgZZgh^caVlZc[dgXZbZci
48
Unit 6
WRITING
Your Task
1. Rewrite the sentences with the connectors in brackets.

Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
WRITING YOUR NEWS REPORT
1. We couldnt drive yesterday because there was thick fog.

(because of)
We couldnt drive yesterday because of the thick fog.

2. She felt ill as a result of eating spoiled food.
(consequently)
She ate spoiled food. Consequently, she felt ill.

3. You must drink plenty of water since its very hot. (so)
Its very hot, so you must drink plenty of water.

4. Because it was raining, the party was held indoors
rather than in the garden. (due to)
Due to the rain, the party was held indoors

rather than in the garden.
2. Read the rst two paragraphs of the news report
below. Choose the correct connector.
Write a news report connected to the

weather. Use 100-150 words.
1. Brainstorm your report.

Read or listen to a news report on the
radio, TV or Internet. Make notes to
answer the following questions:
What happened?
Who was involved?
Where did it happen?
When did it happen?
Why / How did it happen?
Think of extra details to make your report

more interesting.
Add peoples reactions and comments
about the event.
Exercises 2 and 3 and the plan below to
help you.
100 Vehicles in Motorway Pile-Up

The worst multi-vehicle accident ever to happen in
Ireland occurred during the morning rush hour
yesterday in County Kildare and involved over 100 cars.
Nearly 30 people were seriously injured in the accident,
which occurred 1. because of / because extremely thick
fog. 2. As / Due to the difficulties in freeing people from
cars and removing the wrecked vehicles, traffic jams
lasted for much of the day.
The chain of accidents began when a car hit a lorry. Two
more lorries then ran into those vehicles. This caused
a pile-up. 3. Consequently / Since, there were 30 more
collisions. According to police, all the accidents occurred
4.
so / because drivers drove faster in the fog than they
should have.
3. Complete the news report with the connectors below.
so for this reason as a result of due to
PLAN
Opening: Give a summary of the event and
the most important facts.
Body: Develop the relevant information
and add details.
Closing: Give reactions and comments of
people involved.

CHECKLIST
I followed the plan for a news report.

I used a variety of connectors of cause
and result.
punctuation.
Due to
1.
the thick fog, it was impossible
to see, said police officer George Casey.
2. For this reason , drivers should have slowed down.
so
But they didnt, 3.
they couldnt see
the cars in front of them.
Road safety expert Laura Maloney told reporters, We
need better laws regarding driving speeds in hazardous
road conditions. Passing these new laws will mean that
something positive occurred 4. as a result of this
horrible accident.
49

Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Match a verb in I to a suitable continuation

in II to form phrases.

modal. There may be more than one correct
answer.
II
1. chase
2. gather
3. witness
4. strike
5. slip
6. sweat
5
4
2
6
3
1
a. on the ice
b. a person hard
1. Youve got a test tomorrow. You shouldnt

waste your time in front of the TV.
Could / Wouldyou
/ Can
please pass the salt?
c. people together
2.
d. in the heat
3. That
e. a crime
4. Theres a possibility that itmay / might snow.
f. the thief
5. Its a free concert. You

6. He
win avoid chase exercise buy

1. I enjoy exercising in chilly weather.
3.
some flowers for
Avoiding him is not the solution. Its

important to discuss the problem together.
4. My dog is not ordinary. He refuses

cats.
5. Have we got any chance of
game?
to chase
winning the

of the words and phrases below.
avoid shiver oods drought

slip rain rather than
People are always happy when it rains after a
1.
2.
pay.
must
be rich. He owns many cars.
should wear that colour more often.
7. You
It really suits you.
5. Complete the sentences with the modal

perfects below and the correct form of the
verbs in brackets.
might have must have could have

would have shouldnt have
1. Im sure I must have left (leave) my keys on
my desk. Where else could they be?
shouldnt have shouted
2. You
very insulted.
(shout) at me. I was
3. You could have told (tell) us where you

were. We were very worried.
might have forgotten
4. I think they
the party. Lets call and check.
(forget) about
5. I didnt realise the film was so popular or I

would have booked (book) tickets in advance.
drought . However, in Europe, heavy

floods
rain
has recently caused 3.
.
People climb onto the roofs of their houses in order to
4.
avoid drowning. They may sit up there for
hours, 5. shivering from the cold, trying not to
6.
slip
and fall into the water. But it is not
only people who are in danger animals are as well.
They must find higher places to go to protect their
young, 7. rather than leave them to drown in the
water.
50
be true. It makes no sense.
dont have to / neednt
2. Complete the sentences with the words

below. Use a gerund or an innitive.
2. Dad stopped to buy

Mums birthday.
cant
Writing
1. There was a forest fire because / so someone

wasnt careful.
2. Therefore / Due to heavy snowfall, the family
picnic will not take place.
3. Its getting very chilly, so / as I think Ill stay
indoors.
Unit 6

Vocabulary
Grammar


of the sentences.
F 1. Snow melts when the temperature is low

enough.
Snow melts when the temperature is

high enough.
T 2. Driving is dangerous in a blizzard.
F 3. If you long for something, you dont like it.

If you long for something, you like it.
F 4. If you are an ordinary person, you do unusual
1. The film is about Sam. His brother is ill. (whose)
The film is about Sam, whose brother is ill.

2. Tina can do amazing juggling tricks. (able)
Tina is able to do amazing juggling tricks.

3. When did you take up cooking? (How long)
How long have you been cooking?

4. Do you mind helping me with this? (Will)
Will you help me with this?
things.
If you are an ordinary person, you do

usual things.
T 5. When you run a company, you make

important decisions.
F 6. Fierce animals make good pets.

Fierce animals dont make good pets.
2. Choose two correct answers for each question.
1. What might you do when you are angry with a

friend?
a. avoid her
b. look through her
c. long for her
2. Which of the following people are considered to
have positive personality traits?
a. an open-minded person
b. a short-tempered person
c. a kind-hearted person
3. What can you do to someone who is sad?
a. cheer him up
b. remind him of good things
c. miss him a lot
4. Which of the following are dangerous?
a. risking your life
b. achieving a goal
c. driving on a slippery road

of the verb in brackets. There may be more
than one correct answer.
loves
Bill Connors 1.
(love) his job.
2.
has been
He
(be) a zookeeper at the
City Zoo for the past three years. When he was only
started
(start)
14 years old, he 3.
volunteering at the zoo cleaning, feeding and playing
with the animals. He took a part-time job there while
he 4. was studying (study) zoology. After he
had finished (finish) his studies, the job
became
(become) full-time. Next week,
7.
is going to go (go) to Miami where he
he
8.
will choose (choose) four young female
5.
6.
alligators to bring back to the zoo. Bill hopes he

9.
will be working (work) at the zoo even in
20 years time.
Writing
connector. There may be more than one
correct answer.
1. I didnt invite Sally to my party. Consequently, /

As a result,
she hasnt spoken to me all week.
2.Because of / Due tothe late hour, there werent
many people outside.
however / although / but
3. I was frightened,
not to show my feelings.
I managed
51
Travel
1. Complete the puzzle using the clues below.
Across
2. a journey on a boat or ship for enjoyment
5. the physical features of an area, such as
mountains
6. investigation into a particular subject
Down
1. goal, aim
3. evenly distributed, equilibrium
4. harm to or bad effect on something or someone
3
5
52
1. When you rescue someone, you put them in /

save them from danger.
2. When something sinks, it goes to the bottom /
top.
3. When you are concerned, you feel worried /
angry.
4. When you sign up for something, you are going
to buy / attend it.
5. When something leaks, there is usually a hole /
noise.
VOCABULARY

r u i
r
p
d
o
a n d s c a p e
e
m
l
a
a
g
n
6
c
r e s e a r c h
e
6. When something is treacherous, it is safe /

dangerous.
original.
1. Many budget airlines charge an extra fee for

luggage.
a. For this reason, some people take their own
food on flights.
b. Thats why some people travel with small
bags only.
2. The two passengers were badly injured in the
accident.
a. Both of them had been driving too fast.
b. They were both in the back seat of the car.
3. I wasnt aware of the problem.
a. Im glad you told me.
b. I didnt think it was so serious.
4. I was delayed by traffic yesterday.
a. I hadnt expected the roads to be so empty.
b. I missed the beginning of the ceremony.
5. Keep in mind that Pierre isnt fluent in English.
a. He may have misunderstood what you said.
b. Its not something you need to think about.
6. The departure time is 15:00.
a. However, we must be at the station early to
buy tickets.
b. Lets be on time to meet Lena when she gets
off the train.
Unit 7
4. Complete the dialogue with the words and
phrases below.
go sightseeing ights airline

book a room return ticket hotel
accommodation youth hostel
go abroad holiday

noun sufx to the words in brackets. Make
any necessary changes. Use a dictionary to
help you.
1. Your friendship is important to me. (friend)

2. Theres a possibility it may rain. (possible)
3. He made a good impression . (impress)
4. There is
sadness
in the mans eyes. (sad)
5. Have you reached an agreement yet? (agree)

6. Dont worry about your appearance. (appear)
7. He is an excellent guitarist . (guitar)
6. Complete the passage by adding a suitable
noun or adjective sufx to the words in
brackets. Use a dictionary to help you.
Enjoying Time in Airports

In recent years, airports have become very
1.
stressful (stress) places where passengers
face long queues, delays and lost luggage. In

addition, there now seems to be little
2.
3.
Susan: How about going to Greece for our

flights
summer holiday? There are 1.
to Athens now for only 79!
Michelle: Thats such a low price. It must be only
for one way.
Susan: No, its definitely a 2. return ticket .
airline
is
Michelle: Which 3.
offering that?
Susan: Its called Wings. Lets go online and
book seats!
Michelle: Great! Ive always wanted to go on
4.
holiday
to Greece! Where do you
think we should stay?
Susan: Im sure we can get cheap
5. accommodation
maybe we can stay at
6.
youth
hostel
rather than at a fancy
a
7.
hotel
.
Michelle: Great idea. Lets try to
8.
book a room online.
Susan: Do you think we will need a car?
Michelle: No. We wont need one. Well be able
to 9. go sightseeing on foot or by bus.
Susan: Youre right. OK. Lets do it. Lets make
arrangements to 10. go abroad this summer!
difference (differ) between the terminal of a

typical (type) airport and a crowded, noisy
shopping centre. But airports in some cities

including Paris, Amsterdam and San Francisco
offer travellers a quieter alternative: art museums.
Some feature work by contemporary local
4.
artists (art), while others make
arrangements
5.
(arrange) with major museums

that allow them to borrow important works of art
for special 6. exhibitions (exhibit).
7.Information
(inform) about airport museums
is available online so why not look it up before
your next flight?

you.
1. Ive got an agreement with my parents that I

will Accept all logical and grammatically
correct answers.
2. Id like to go on a cruise that

.
3. I often have to stand in a queue when
.
4. I once signed up for
.
5. The main purpose of studying English is
.
53
GRAMMAR
3. Write captions with the phrases in brackets.

Use the third conditional.
1. (not be so tired / not go to bed so late)

1. Complete each sentence with the correct
form of the verbs in brackets. Use the rst or
second conditional.
take
1. If you
(take) the motorway,
will regret
you
(regret) it. Its rush hour
now, and theres a lot of traffic.
wont have
2. We
(not have) the party
rains
outside if it
(rain), but
according to the forecast, the weathers
supposed to be fine.
3. Brian insulted me last night. Until he
apologises (apologise), I
wont talk (not talk) to him.
I wouldnt be so tired if I hadnt gone

to bed so late.
2. (go shop earlier / can buy an MP4 at half price)
4. Sara got angry the last time you made a

were
suggestion to her, so if I
(be)
you, I wouldnt offer (not offer) her any
advice.
5. They have great clothes in this shop, but I hate
hired
the long queues. If they
(hire) more assistants, the queues
would be
(be) shorter.
6. Im sorry, sir. Ms Jones left the office for a few
returns
minutes, but when she
will give
(return), I
(give) her your
message.
If we had gone to the shop earlier, we

could have bought an MP4 at half price.
3. (wear warm clothes / listen to the
weather forecast)
1. If I see Michael tonight, I let / will let

you know.
2. The passengers wouldnt be so angry if they
knew / had known the reason for the delay.
3. If I were you, I would tell / will tell Jane
the truth.
4. By the time I finish this essay, it will be /
would have been midnight.
We would have worn warm clothes if

we had listened to the weather forecast.
4. (not miss bus / arrive a minute earlier)
5. If James had given his ex-girlfriend a birthday

present, I would be / would have been upset.
6. Unless the manager changes / will change my
working hours, I will leave my job.
7. I cant come over until my parents returned /
return with the car.
8. I could have afforded / can afford a
new bike if I hadnt gone on holiday a few
months ago.
54
You wouldnt have missed the bus if

you had arrived a minute earlier.
Unit 7
4. Complete the sentences. Do not change the
original meaning of the sentences.
1. We wont drive unless the weather improved.
1. I think you should buy the black jeans.
We wont drive unless the weather improves.
If I were you, I would buy the black jeans.

2. You cant use the gym equipment without being
a member.
Unless youre a member, you cant use
the gym equipment
3. Ron didnt like the food at the party, so he didnt

eat.
If Ron had liked the food at the party, he .
would have eaten
4. I dont mind walking the dog tonight, but will

you do it tomorrow?
If I walk the dog tonight, will you walk ?
it tomorrow
5. Its important that I get up when the alarm rings.

As soon as the alarm rings, Ill get up
5. Complete the e-mail with the correct form of
the verbs in brackets.
2. If people were more careful, there would is less

damage to the environment.
If people were more careful, there would

be less damage to the environment.
3. As soon as I got to the airport, Ill phone you.
As soon as I get to the airport, Ill phone

you.
4. If he hadnt got the job, I would has been upset.
If he hadnt got the job, I would have

been upset.
5. What would have you done if you had got lost?
What would you have done if you had

got lost?
1. Will you stay at a hotel if your train is delayed?
Te quedars en un hotel si tu tren se retrasa?

2. If we go abroad, we will rent a car.
Si vamos al extranjero, alquilaremos un coche.

3. I wouldnt be concerned if you called more
often.
[email protected]
Dear Laura,
Im sorry for not writing sooner. These days, I spend
most of my time studying, because I know that if I
1.
dont revise (not revise) as much as possible
will regret
before my exams, I 2.
(regret) it.
3.
were
If there
(be) more hours in
the day, I 4. would have
(have) time to do
everything I want to do!
Im still enjoying living in New York City and
sometimes, amazing things happen here. For
instance, an hour ago, I saw a jet plane make
an emergency landing on the Hudson River! If the
pilot 5. hadnt reacted (not react) so quickly,
there 6. could have been (can be) a terrible
(not see) it, I
disaster. If I 7. hadnt seen
would have believed
never 8.
(will believe) it! If you
9.
watch
(watch) the news tonight, you
10.
will get
(get) more details.
Im looking forward to seeing you next month.
Let me know your arrival date as soon as you
11.book / have booked
(book) your ticket. I hope that
arrive
by the time you 12.
(arrive), winter
13.
will be
(be) over!
Love,
Nina
No estara preocupado si llamaras ms a

menudo.
4. If the weather conditions hadnt been

treacherous, we would have had fun.
Si las condiciones meteorolgicas no hubieran

sido peligrosas, nos lo habramos pasado bien.
5. Well deliver your luggage as soon as it arrives.
Llevaremos su / tu equipaje en cuanto llegue.
Grammar Review
of the sentences.
1. I cant print my report until I buy new ink for the

printer. (as soon as)
As soon as I buy new ink for the printer,

Ill print my report.
2. Im sure it wasnt Paul, because hes in Ireland

this week. (couldnt)
It couldnt have been Paul because hes in

Ireland this week.
3. Jennies flight was delayed, so we had time to

have lunch together. (if)
If Jennies flight hadnt been delayed, we

wouldnt have had time to have lunch together.
4. John and I met in 2005. (known)
John and I have known each other since 2005.

5. My parents were born in the USA. They moved
to England 20 years ago. (who)
My parents, who were born in the USA,

moved to England 20 years ago. /
My parents, who moved to England 20
years ago, were born in the USA.
55
READING
.*,&)03/

*JOLENEJC=/AS(AJ AN=PEKJ
1. Read the text and decide what the words in

bold refer to.
1.
2.
3.
4.
2.
1.
2.
On 19th January 2009, 20-year-old Clmence Cadario,

from France, and 18-year-old Chilean-born Nicolas
theirClmence Cadario and Nicolas Valdivieso
Valdivieso skied over 110 kilometres to the South
these future trips with Mike Horn
Pole. They are among the youngest people ever to do
YEPs
its
this. At their side was Mike Horn, a South Africanborn adventure traveller and the founder of the Young
this exploring isolated and difficult terrain
Explorers Programme (YEP). Two months before
Read the text and choose the correct answer.
Horns trip to the South Pole, he and six other YEP
participants, none older than 20 years old, had gone to
Some YEP students have
the Antarctic Peninsula. Young people who complete
a. accompanied Horn to the Gobi Desert.
b. travelled to the Arctic Peninsula with Horn.
upcoming YEP training courses will join Horn on
c. attended upcoming courses.
future travels. These trips will include explorations of
d. journeyed to the South Pole and the
Chinas Gobi Desert, the North Pole, East Africa and
Antarctic Peninsula.
the Himalayas.
To reach the source of the Amazon River, Horn
Among YEPs goals, according to its website, is for
a. rode a hydrospeed.
young people to see the world, share their experiences
b. walked to the Peruvian Andes from the
with others and become, in effect, ambassadors on
Pacific Ocean.
behalf of our fragile and endangered environment.
c. walked 7,000 kilometres from the Atlantic
Ocean.
To people familiar with his career, Mike Horns
d. began on the west coast of Africa.
establishment of YEP was unsurprising. For over a

Find information in the text to support your
answers.
F 1. Clmence Cadario and Nicolas Valdivieso

are two of the founders of YEP. At their side
was Mike Horn, a South-African born
adventure traveller and the founder of the
Explorers Programme (YEP).
T 2.Young
Mike Horn has been an adventure traveller
for more than ten years.
For over a decade, he has explored

isolated and difficult terrain.
F 3. Mike Horns journey around the equator

lasted for two years.
in a trip that lasted a year and a

half, Horn travelled around the world
along the equator
4. Find words in the text that mean:
1. person who initiates an organisation

(paragraph 1) founder
2. about to happen; in the near future
(paragraph 1) upcoming
decade, he has explored isolated and difficult terrain.

Horn always does this without the use of motorised
transport. In 1997, he walked from the Pacific Ocean
to the source of the Amazon River in the Andes
Mountains of Peru. Then, he travelled 7,000 kilometres
by river to the Atlantic Ocean on a hydrospeed a
simple board that a rider propels and steers with his or
her feet and hands. Two years later, in a trip that lasted
a year and a half, Horn travelled around the world
along the equator, beginning from the west coast of
Africa. On that trip, Horn travelled by walking,
swimming, mountain-biking and boating. Afterwards,
Horn travelled 20,000 kilometres around the Arctic
Circle without even using dogs to pull the sledges.
Now in his mid-40s, Horn is sharing his enthusiasm,
knowledge and experience with a new generation of
explorers, who will in turn promote responsible
adventure travel and environmental awareness.
3. far away from other places or people

(paragraph 3) isolated
4. excitement about something
(paragraph 4) enthusiasm
56
Nicolas Valdivieso, Mike Horn and Clmence Cadario
Unit 7
WRITING
Your Task
1. Complete the sentences with a suitable pronoun or

possessive adjective.
1. Lucy gave me two CDs, but I havent listened to

them
yet.
2. These jeans dont fit me well. I dont think Ill buy
them
.
3. Ive never been here before.
This
is my first visit.
4. Lets have a surprise party for Bob.

That
is a great idea!
5. Michelle, is this
mine
Yes, its
your
notebook?
2. Rewrite the following sentences by replacing words

with pronouns where there is unnecessary repetition.
1. Danny doesnt want to see that film because Danny has

already seen that film.
Danny doesnt want to see that film because hes

already seen it.
2. The Smiths invited my parents to dinner, so my parents
are going to the Smiths house tonight.
The Smiths invited my parents to dinner, so

theyre going there tonight.
Write an e-mail or an informal letter to a

friend about a class trip you have taken or
are planning to take. Use 100-150 words.
WRITING YOUR E-MAIL OR LETTER

1. Brainstorm your e-mail or informal letter.
Decide who you are going to write to and
what your trip was / will be.
Which of the sentences below could you
use for planning a trip? Which could you
use to describe a trip you have already
taken?
I bought a really nice souvenir.

I havent packed my bag yet.
The queue at the museum was very long.
Departure time is 9 am dont be late!
We had a fantastic time.
Were going to stay overnight in a youth
hostel.
- It was the best / worst trip Ive ever had!
- Are you going to go sightseeing every
day?
- Our bus was delayed and our luggage
didnt arrive!
PLAN
3. Complete the e-mail below with suitable pronouns
and possessive adjectives.
Dear Mum and Dad,

your
e-mail. It was nice to
Thanks for 1.
hear all the news from home. Im sending some
photos, so that you can see how Im doing. Most of
2.
them
are of me falling down during my
snowboarding lessons.
The sport is definitely much more difficult to learn
it
than I thought 3.
would be. My teacher,
Pierre, is very patient. Im sure that if I follow
4.
his
advice, Ill soon improve. My friend
Jack is already boarding on his own, but I dont
that
feel ready for 5.
yet.
It
By the way, the hotel is fantastic! 6.
has
got a great restaurant and pub, and weve met a lot
of nice people. Tonight, were going out with some
students from Germany who are the same age as
7.
we
their
are, and 8.
English is excellent.
See you in a few days!
Sam
Opening: Greeting. Make opening remarks

and state your reason for writing.
Body: Give information, news and
details.
Closing: Make closing remarks and sign off.

CHECKLIST
I followed the plan for an e-mail or

informal letter.
I used referencing correctly.
punctuation.
57

Vocabulary
Grammar

phrases below.

of the verbs in brackets. Use the correct type
of the conditional or a time clause.
treacherous leak overnight delay

sign up for belong to luggage
go abroad concerned aware
1. We stayed overnight in an expensive hotel.
Unfortunately, we had to leave the next day.
1. Unless you tell me the truth, I
wont speak
(not speak) to you again.
2. If Raymond doesnt change (not change) his
mind, he will fly home at the end of the month.
would have enjoyed
aware of the
2. Most people are
importance of protecting our environment.
3. You
had come.
3. The driver put all the luggage in the back

of the taxi before he drove to the airport.
4. If I were you, I
truth.
4. Dont forget to sign up for the Tai-chi class.
hears
5. As soon as she
anything, shell call us.
5. My parents have decided they dont want to
go abroad this year. Were going to have our

holiday close to home instead.
6. These cups
the table.
leak
(enjoy) the party, if you
would tell
(tell) the
(hear)
6. Sharon would have sent e-mails to everyone if

her computer hadnt crashed (not crash).
. Theres coffee all over
7. Does this sweatshirt belong to you? It isnt

mine.
8. That mountain road is treacherous . There
have been many accidents on it this year.
9. Im very concerned about you. You dont look
well.
delay the meeting. We need to

10. Dont
discuss everything now.
noun sufx to the words in brackets. Make
any necessary changes.
1. My relationship (relation) with Mum has

improved.

of the sentences.
1. The family car is in the garage, so I have to walk

to school. (if)
If the family car werent in the garage, I

wouldnt have to walk to school.
2. I wont find a suitable present if you dont help

me. (unless) Unless you help me, I wont
find a suitable present. / I wont find a suitable

present unless you help me.
3. You never get up in time because you go to bed

so late. (didnt) If you didnt go to bed so late,
you would get up in time. / You would get up

in time if you didnt go to bed so late.
4. I promise to visit you when Ive got time.

(as soon as)As soon as Ive got time, Ill visit you. /
Ill visit you as soon as Ive got time.
2. Our decision (decide) to move to Australia

is not a sudden one.
58
3. They took powerful torches with them as the

darkness (dark) was frightening.
Writing
4. You really ought to make an appointment

(appoint) with the dentist.
1. I found this bag on the floor. Is it yours / your?
5. Whats the difference (differ) between a

kangaroo and a wallaby?
2. I was looking at some shoes in a shop window

today. They / These were very expensive.
6. Has he thought about the possibility

(possible) of renting a car?
3. Did you see the latest Batman film?

Yes, it / he was very scary.
Unit 7
Progress Check Units1-7

Vocabulary
Grammar

Make them logical by replacing the words in
bold with other words in bold from a different
sentence.
1. Dont avoid to call if you need me.
hesitate
2. We wont reveal the owner of our information.
source
3. This marathon is really testing his source.
endurance
1. While I tried / have tried / was trying to phone

my brother, he walked into the house.
2. Harry didnt save / hasnt saved / has saved
enough money to buy a moped yet.
3. I thought I had forgotten / forgot /
have forgotten her birthday party, but in fact, its
next week.
4. Jasmine bought her new boots in the shop
that / where / which her best friend worked.
4. Why did you hesitate me all last week?
avoid
5. Will the acquaintance of the blue Mercedes
owner
please move it now?
6. She is an old endurance of mine.acquaintance
phrases below. There are more words than
you need.
condent research ordinary ruler

concerned blind share belong to
better off unfair request chilly
Dennis Hope is not an 1. ordinary man. He
owns a piece of the moon, and he claims to be the
2.
ruler
of it. How did this happen? During

the 1950s and 60s, world leaders were 3. concerned
that countries might claim planets as their own. So the
UN passed a law stating that all stars and planets
4.
belong to all mankind. But Dennis Hope
decided to claim the moon for himself. After much

research , he discovered an old law which
encouraged people to settle in the west of North
America. All they had to do was to notify a
government official. Dennis was 6. confident he
4. Rewrite the sentences with the words in

of the sentences.
1. I bought the book. Its cover shows two men on

a bench. (whose)
I bought the book whose cover shows

two men on a bench.
2. I wasnt hungry, so I didnt have dinner. (If)
If I had been hungry, I would have had

dinner.
3. Meryl dropped her keys during her run. (while)
Meryl dropped her keys while she was

running.
4. Kirsten doesnt play basketball because she isnt

tall enough. (If)
If Kirsten were taller, she would play

basketball.
5. It wasnt a good idea for me to come. (shouldnt)
I shouldnt have come.
Writing
5.
5. Choose the incorrect answer.
1. In spite of / Although / Despite the pouring

rain, we decided to walk to the train station.
could do the same thing for the moon, and in 1980, he

claimed it for himself. However, he thought it was
7.
unfair for him to keep the whole of the moon
share it with
to himself, so he decided to 8.
2. The geography teacher cancelled the test

because of / since / because she was ill.
others. He sold pieces of the moon to other people. So

far, over two million people have purchased pieces of
the moon from Dennis Hope.
4. Our television has broken down, therefore /

consequently / as a result of we wont be able
to watch our favourite programme tonight.
3. They only realised how high the mountain was

while / during / as they were climbing it.
59
3. Complete the captions with the words and

phrases below.
admit its a pity thief astounding

choice stole gures liar
1
Honesty
VOCABULARY
1. Match I to II to form sentences.
Im happy to announce that the companys

sales figures have been astounding in
recent months!
2
I
1. Sam didnt get away with
2. The band is going to put up
3. Martin tends to
4. Brenda wants to change her ways
5. During Carnival week, events will take place
II
3
2
5
1
4
a. speak very loudly.
choice .
I know I have to make a
Its a pity I cant afford to buy both of
them.
b. notices all over town.

c. in the town square.
d. cheating in the exam.

e. and eat healthier food.

1. There is evidence that hes guilty, so the police

arrested / released him.
2. This isnt a rough neighbourhood any more.
Its now quite dangerous / safe.
3. We have got a small staff. There are only two
owners / employees.
Help! Stop that man! Hes a

stole my bag!
He
thief
4. Jenny is likely to end up living in Paris. In fact,

she probably will / wont.
5. I told Kelly a white lie because I wanted /
didnt want to hurt her feelings.
6. U2 are popular worldwide. No other Irish band
has achieved such success globally /
in North America.
7. Please ensure that you arrive on time / late.
60
liar
I dont believe you! Youre a
!
admit
You should
that you did it.
Unit 8
of the verbs below.
cheat blame suspect admit trust

deceive tempt behave plagiarise
are behavingstrangely
1. Whats the matter? You

today.
2. Janes not fond of animals, so I dont

trust her to take care of my dog while
Im on holiday.
3. This new study blames
health problems.
fast food for many
4. She finally admitted that she had made a

mistake.
5. The reporter plagiarised some of his stories
from other magazine articles.
6. My little brother sometimes
he plays games.
cheats
when
7. I saw a good film about a policewoman who
suspected / suspects
her husband of being a murderer.
8. These fake jewels look so real they would even
deceive the experts.
tempt me with chocolate

9. Please dont
cake. Im trying to lose weight.
6. Rewrite the sentences using the adjectives in

brackets and the correct prepositions. Make
any necessary changes. Do not change the
original meaning of the sentences.
1. We didnt get to the train on time. (late)
We were late for the train.

2. I think ancient history is fascinating. (interested)
Im interested in ancient history.

3. I think Laurie will benefit from joining a gym.
(good) I think joining a gym will be
good for Laurie. / I think it will be good

for Laurie to join a gym.
4. Daves jacket looks like mine. (similar)
Daves jacket is similar to mine.

5. Bill does well in maths. (good)
Bill is good at maths.

6. I like my new haircut. (pleased)
Im pleased with my new haircut.

7. I regret what I said to you. (sorry)
Im sorry about what I said to you.

you.
1. When I was a child, I once got caught

phrases below. Make any necessary changes.
guilty gure suspect likely admit

conduct staff deceive
Investigation into Heart Drug Continues

The Ministry of Health is continuing to 1. conduct
its investigation into Jones Medicines, a major
pharmaceutical company. Investigators 2. suspect
guilty of providing false test
that the company is 3.
results to the Ministry in order to receive approval for its
new heart drug. In particular, investigators believe that
Jones Medicines changed various 4. figures in the
research studies to show that the drug is more effective
and safer than it actually is.
staff
The investigation began when two senior 5.
members at Jones Medicines contacted the Ministry of
Health. The two managers 6. admitted to investigators
that the drug was not safe, and that the company was
deliberately trying to 7. deceive the public

correct answers.
2. One of the things Im good at is
.
3. If I could have a party anywhere, Id like it to
take place
.
4. Im very proud of
.
5. A difficult choice I once had to make was
.
6. I once got into trouble for
.
7. In my room, I would like to put up
.
8. My parents are always worried about
.
in order to make a profit.
likely
The investigation is 8.
for several more weeks.
to continue
61
GRAMMAR
3. Complete an active and a passive sentence for

each picture with the verbs in brackets.
VALUABLE COINS STOLEN

Somebody 1. stole / were stolen three valuable Greek
coins from the Antiquities Museum last night. This is
1. (use)
the second time the museum 2. has robbed / has been
a. Right now, people are using all the computers

.
robbed in its 50-year history. Our security system

3.
hasnt updated / hasnt been updated for many
.
b. All the computers are being used (right now)
years, said Barbara Selby, the museums director.

Obviously, this problem 4. will examine / will be
examined as soon as possible, she added. The police
5.
have already arrested / have already been arrested
a suspect. However, they 6. refuse / are refused to
release the name of the person. The investigation
7.
could harm / could be harmed if we release any

details at this time, said a police spokesman.
2. (clean)
a. Last week, my dad cleaned the windows .
b. The windows were cleaned by my dad .
(last week)
3. (release)
a. In a few days, the band will release a new. CD
2. Complete the sentences using the correct
passive form of the verbs in brackets.
b. The bands new CD will be released in a .
few days
shouldnt be allowed
1. People
(should not / allow)
to swim here. This water was polluted until a
few years ago.
was taken
2. This photo
were in Prague last summer.
(take) when we
3. These days, a lot of music is being purchased

/ is purchased
(purchase) through online sites.
was being recorded(record),
4. While the interview

the reporter was also taking notes.
4. (put up)
havent put up the exam marks

yet.
havent been put up (by the teachers)
a. The teachers
b. The exam marks
yet.
5. Our house looks terrible. It hasnt been painted

(not paint) for five years.
Can
be put
6.
all of this
(can / put) in one bag?
Yes, but I prefer to carry two lighter bags.
7. The invitations will be sent / (send) to all
are going to be sent
the guests next week.
8. The dog hadnt been fed (not feed) all day,
so we gave it some food when we got home.
62
5. (allow)
a. This theatre doesnt allow cameras
.
b. Cameras arent allowed (in this theatre)
Unit 8
4. Rewrite the sentences in two ways. Use the
passive forms, and omit the agent when
possible. Make any necessary changes.
1. They will give ten people free concert tickets.
1. Residents didnt be warned about the storm.
Residents werent warned about the storm.
Ten people will be given free concert tickets. 2. The decision will announce tomorrow.
Free concert tickets will be given to ten people. The decision will be announced tomorrow.
2. They showed everyone their holiday photos.
3. We behave better if we think we are been

watched.
Everyone was shown their holiday photos.

behave better if we think we are
Their holiday photos were shown to everyone. We
being watched.
3. They gave each runner a souvenir T-shirt.
4. When this bank was robbed?
When was this bank robbed?

A souvenir T-shirt was given to each runner.
Each runner was given a souvenir T-shirt. 5. This job should has been finished yesterday.
This job should have been finished yesterday.
4. The airline has offered me a first-class seat!
Ive been offered a first-class seat (by
the airline)!
A first-class seat has been offered to me
(by the airline)!
1. An experiment will be conducted in areas where
of the words in brackets. Use have / get
something done.
will have / get
washed
1. My car is dirty, so I
later today. (wash)
it
did
2. When
room painted
you have / get your

? It looks great now! (paint)
3. John didnt like his tattoo, so he had / got it

removed . (remove)
4. Its a good idea to have / get your eyes
examined once a year. (examine)
6. Complete the passage with the correct active
or passive form of the verbs in brackets.
WRITE OR TYPE WHATS THE DIFFERENCE?

A recent study, which 1. was conducted (conduct)
in the USA, shows that were more likely to be
dishonest in an e-mail than in a letter. In the study,
48 students each received $89. Then, they
2.
were told
(tell) to offer part of the money
to someone else. The students 3. were instructed
(instruct) to write to this person and say how much
money they 4. had been given (give) and how
much they were going to send.
Some of the students offered to send half the money.
lied
(lie).
However, most students 5.
The students who wrote letters reported having
received, on average, $67. The students who
wrote e-mails reported, on average, that they
6.
had received (receive) only $56. Ninety-two
per cent of the e-mailers lied, as compared to just under
sixty-four per cent of the note-writers.
crimes often take place.
Se realizar un experimento en las zonas en

las que se cometen delitos habitualmente.
2. The government was blamed for the rise in

crime.
Se ha culpado al gobierno del aumento

de la delincuencia.
3. Have you ever been told a white lie?
Alguna vez te han contado una mentira

piadosa?
4. My best friend was caught shoplifting.
Pillaron a mi mejor amigo robando en

una tienda.
5. The thief should be arrested for stealing our car.
Deberan arrestar al ladrn por robar

nuestro coche.
Grammar Review
1. As soon as I know my flight number, I

will let
(let) you know.
2. If my toothache hadnt got worse, I
wouldnt have gone(not go) to the dentist.
Have
the winners
been announced (announce) yet?
4. John was suspected (suspect) of
3. Sorry Im late.
shoplifting, but he was innocent.

5. How often do you
checked
have / get
your eyes
(check)?
63
Readers Opinions
READING
POLICE SHOULD
INVESTIGATE THEMSELVES
1. Read the text. Then choose the section of the

newspaper it appears in.
How can the local police be trusted to protect this city

when its so easy for someone to impersonate a police
officer?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Travel
National News
Editorial
Entertainment
Last Tuesday, a 14-year-old boy wearing a police

uniform and claiming to be from another station
walked into the West Side police station and reported
for work. Without being asked for identification, he
was given a police radio and sent out on patrol with
another officer. His true identity wasnt discovered
until five hours later, when he was questioned by
another policeman because he looked so young. He
was arrested for impersonating a police officer, and
will be prosecuted in the juvenile court.
2. Find words in the text that mean:
1. pretend to be someone else

(paragraph 1) impersonate
2. not clear
(paragraph 4)
sketchy
3. arguments
(paragraph 5)
quarrels
Due to the fact he is under 18, the boys name has

not been released. The police, however, have revealed
that he is a student at Elbury Middle School, and
participated last year in a police programme which
teaches youth about law enforcement.
4. strongly recommends
urges
(paragraph 7)
1. Because the boy is a juvenile, the police
havent released his name
2. According to regulations, nobody without

official identification can be sold a police
uniform
3. According to a police spokesman, the boy
carried a weapon
neither
.
nor
drove a police car
4. According to television news, family quarrels

.
were among the police work he took part in
1. When the boy reported for duty,

a. he received some police equipment.
b. he was sent on patrol with two policemen.
c. someone requested to see his identification.
d. he was questioned by another policeman.
2. Which statement about the boy is true?
a. He doesnt go to school.
b. He has stood trial in juvenile court.
c. He took part in a police youth programme.
d. It is likely that he stole the boots and
trousers.
5. What is the main purpose of the article?
To urge the police department to make

changes so that it will be more difficult
to impersonate a police officer.
64
Details are still sketchy about how he got a police

uniform. However, he probably purchased certain
items, such as trousers and boots, in a local uniform
shop. Regulations prohibit such shops from selling
police uniforms to anyone without official department
identification. Therefore, one of the questions that
must be addressed by the department is: Are the shops
demanding that identification?
According to a police spokesman, the boy did not
carry or use a weapon, or drive a police car. However,
according to television news reports, he was involved
in police work, including responding to emergency
calls involving family quarrels.
Luckily, the boy wasnt harmed, but it shouldnt be so
easy for someone to impersonate a police officer.
This newspaper urges the police to conduct an
investigation and make appropriate changes so that
similar incidents can be prevented in future.
Unit 8
WRITING
1. Choose the correct connector for each sentence. There
may be more than one correct answer.
1. Im setting the alarm in order to / so as to / so that

wake up on time.
2. She bought flour so that / so as to / to she could make
a cake.
3. We walked in quietly so as not to / so that /
in order not to disturb the class.
2. Rewrite the sentences with the connectors in brackets.
Do not change the original meaning of the sentences.
1. Since I am ill, I cant take the exam today. (therefore)
Im ill, therefore I cant take the exam today.

2. In addition to hurting my feelings, you embarrassed me.
(furthermore)
You hurt my feelings and furthermore you

embarrassed me.
3. Abigail is enjoying herself in New York. Nevertheless,

shes happy that shes coming home on Sunday. (despite)
Abigail is happy that shes coming home on

Sunday, despite enjoying herself in New York.
4. Lets move these books so that we have more space to

work. (so as to)
Lets move these books so as to have more space

to work.
3. Complete the essay with the connectors below.
in order to so for this reason

because of however
Private Matters
People who use social networking sites like Facebook,
Bebo and MySpace often dont realise that its
difficult to control who can visit and see their pages.
1. For this reason
, I think people should be very
selective about what they post online. Some people
argue that they want their pages to be honest and
However
reflect their personalities. 2.
,
there are problems with this honesty.
First, posting certain photos or stories could end up
embarrassing you. Second, it could harm you in the
real world even months or years later.
For example, some employers and universities check
in order to learn
social networking pages 3.
more about applicants. And some people have lost
because of
their jobs 4.
online photos. As I
see it, the risks of posting private things online are
not worth the potential consequences
5.
so
think before you post!
Your Task
Write an opinion essay on the following
statement: Friends should never lie to one
another. Use 100-150 words.
WRITING YOUR OPINION ESSAY

1. Brainstorm your essay.
Look at the sentences below. Which could
be used to support the statement above?
Which could be used against it?
- If friends arent honest, they cant really

help each other.
- Id rather lie about something than hurt a
friends feelings.
- Sometimes telling the truth can be
embarrassing.
- If you cant trust a friend to tell you the
truth, who can you trust?
- Its fine to tell a white lie if it makes a
friend feel good.
Add your own ideas to the list.
Decide whether you agree or disagree
with the statement in the task.
PLAN
Opening: State the topic and your opinion.
Body: Support your opinion with facts
and examples.
Closing: Summarise and restate your
opinion.

CHECKLIST
I followed the plan for an opinion essay.

I used correct language for expressing
facts and opinions.
I used connectors.
punctuation.
65

Vocabulary
Grammar
4. Rewrite the sentences, using the words in

of the sentences.
1. Will all staff / thieves please make sure that

their desks are clean by the end of the day?
1. This product is made in different colours. (They)
2. The student was embarrassed because he

got caught / took place cheating in an exam.
They make this product in different colours.
3. He told me the price, but I dont remember the

exact figure / signal.
2. They are showing Twilight tonight. (being)
4. Volunteers conducted / put up notices about

the missing girl all round the town.
3. I sent this e-mail two days ago. (was)
5. Why do you feel likely / guilty? You havent

done anything wrong.
4. Why did the police arrest him? (arrested)
Twilight is being shown tonight.

This e-mail was sent two days ago.
Why was he arrested?
6. The police suspect / deceive that the witness

has not been completely honest with them.
5. Complete the passage with the correct active

or passive form of the verbs in brackets.

Pay attention to the meaning of the words in
bold.
1. Its likely that it will rain so Accept all logical
2. Its a pity that the performance

.
3. He admitted that he
.
4. Dont blame him. He
.
5. Sue cheated in her exam, so the teacher
.
3. Complete the sentences with the prepositions
below.
at with for in of
got
Jennifer Walterscheit 1.
(get) the
strangest phone call of her life one afternoon. A voice
are flying
said, one-hundred-dollar bills 2.
(fly) all over town. Are they yours? Jennifer thought it
was a joke, but then she looked in her bag. The bank
envelope which contained her personal details and
had gone
(go)! It
$3,000 3.
4. must have fallen
(must / fall) out of her bag.
It was a windy day and the bills 5.
were blown
(blow) all over the town. What chance did she have of
getting them back? However, she was amazed to
discover that by the end of the day, 29 of the 30
had been returned
hundred-dollar bills 6.
(return) to
7.
appeared
(appear) in
the police. The story
the local newspaper the next day. After the story
8.had been published
(publish), the last banknote
9.
was returned (return) by a reader.
with
1. Jeff is very pleased
the new
motorbike his father bought him.
2. Sharon is jealous
blue eyes.
3. Im not good
4. I feel sorry
at
for
5. We are very interested
66
of
her sisters
sport.
the injured man.
in
Writing
astrology.
1. We walked to / so that save on petrol.

2. Leave early so that / in order to arrive on time.
3. Help me so that / in order to I can finish my
work.
Unit 8

Vocabulary
Grammar

of the words and phrases below. There are
more words than you need.

of the verb in brackets.
hesitate relief rescue witness

run off with worldwide superhuman
spare skilled bore courage
1. The thief grabbed her bag and ran off withit.
3. The story
now.
has been kept (keep) secret until
(not call) her if I had

4. I
known that she was sleeping.
3. Sometimes it takes a great deal of courage

to tell someone how you really feel.
4. I dont know why you think you can
do everything on your own. Youre not
superhuman
.
6. This organisations aim is to

animals.
mother she was going out.
wouldnt have called
2. He hesitated for a moment before he

jumped into the ice cold water.
spare
5. Have you got a
Ive left mine at home.
Has
been
he ever
(be) hiking?
2. Jenny should have told (should / tell) her
1.
4. Rewrite the following sentences using the

words in brackets. Do not change the original
meaning of the sentences.
1. They collect used bottles here. (are)

pair of sunglasses?
rescue
7. Make sure you take your car to a

mechanic.
injured
Used bottles are collected here.

2. It wasnt a good idea for us to visit her.
(shouldnt)
We shouldnt have visited her.

skilled
8. Everybodys heard of this company. Its famous
worldwide .
Pay attention to the words in bold.
1. When do you need to use willpower?
Accept all logical and

grammatically correct answers.
2. What can you do to improve your marks?
3. Theyre building a new school. (being)
A new school is being built.

4. I talked to the man. His son takes part in judo
competitions. (whose)
I talked to the man whose son takes part

in judo competitions.
5. Why did they punish him? (punished)
Why was he punished?

6. The last time I went abroad was in 2005. (since)
I havent been abroad since 2005.
3. What would you like to take up next year?
Writing
4. How do you make sure you get to school on

time?
5. What are you likely to forget this week?
2. Not one mobile phone rang so that /

because of / during the performance.
6. What are you concerned about these days?
3. This shop doesnt use plastic bags in order to /

so / since protect the environment.
1. She didnt get accepted to university due to /

in spite of / as well as passing all her exams.
4. I didnt get to the cinema on time. In addition /

Even though / Nevertheless, they let me in to
see the film.
67
Thats
Entertainment!
T 1. When a programme is broadcast, it

can be watched on television.
F 2. A review is the same thing as a

sequel.
T 3. A sitcom is not suspenseful.

T 4. A plot is the story.
T 5. A box-office hit has got a huge
audience.
F 6. To screen something means to transmit

it on the radio.
F 7. A contestant is the same thing as a

character.
VOCABULARY
phrases below.
3. Complete the dialogues with the correct form

of the words in Exercise 2. Use each word
only once.
1.
put on take-off land go on

cut off kick off take up set in
high point pinpoint
The cinema is going to screen all of

George Clooneys films this weekend.
Do you want to see Oceans Eleven?
No, I saw it. But lets see the
sequels . Ive never seen
Oceans Twelve and Thirteen.
1. When theres fog here, it feels like were

cut off
from the rest of the city.
2. Seatbelts must be fastened before
take-off
.
3. Were going to rent a car after we
land
in London.
2.
The theatres nearly empty! There are

only ten of us in the audience !
I suppose the reviews
have been bad.
pinpoint
the reason, but
4. I cant
Im not comfortable with Rob.
of the play
5. Beyoncs performance was the

high point
of the awards show.
6. I dont like these monthly meetings. They
take up
always
so much time.
7. The story is
set in
the late 19th century.
3.
London in
I couldnt work out what was happening

plot
in that thriller. The
made
no sense!
I agree and I think the main
character should have been played
by a younger actor.
kick
off
8. The coach will
you
the team if you dont attend practices.
9. The film is almost over. It doesnt
go on
much longer.
10. Every two years, celebrities
put on
a
wonderful show to
raise money for
Comic Relief.
68
4.
Why did they decide not to broadcast

the last few episodes of that game show?
Because the contestants have accused
the producers of manipulating the
results.
Unit 9
the underlined words
1. The book had a predictable ending so I was /

wasnt surprised.
2. At first I thought the contest was a hoax, but it
was actually real / false.
3. I greeted everyone when they left / arrived.
4. I was heartbroken when I heard the good / sad
news.
5. This television / radio programme has got
millions of viewers.
6. I enjoy live performances. Thats why I love the
cinema / theatre.
1. When Jack coloured his hair, I

it for a few
weeks.
a. didnt use to
b. didnt get used to
2. He
live near us.
a. used to
b. was used to
driving on the right

3. It was difficult for me to
after moving from England to the USA.
a. get used to
b. be used to

phrases below.
audiences put on sold out worth seeing

special effects screened go on let down
";H>MIH4IOL
U2 and the Rolling Stones are among the bands that
have had worldwide tours in recent years. Tickets
sold out
were 1.
within minutes, and
2.
audiences
of
the bands performed for
hundreds of thousands of people.
Tours dont just happen overnight. When a band
put on
a new show,
decides to 3.
4.
go on
preparations can
for months.
Among the things that have to be created are the
5. special effects
that are used in most big rock
shows these days, and the videos that are
6.
screened
before and during the show.
These bands are determined that their fans wont
let down
find the concert a 7.
, so they
work hard to make sure to give concerts that are
8.
worth seeing .
U2 in concert
4. Jane has never lived in the city before, so she

so much noise.
a. isnt getting used to b. isnt used to
cold weather. I lived in Canada last year.
5. Im
a. used to
b. getting used to
of used to, be used to or get used to.
Homes Away from Home

One of the things that people who work in film have
get used to is being away from home
to 1.
for several months at a time. In the early years of
used to
be made
filmmaking, films 2.
in studios. Most of the cast and crew lived nearby, so
used to
they 3.
go home every night. But
nowadays, many films are made on location.
4. Getting used to
living somewhere new two or
three times a year can be difficult. But some people in
are used to so much travel
the film industry 5.
get used to
that they 6.
new places quickly
and soon feel at home wherever they are.
8. Complete the sentences. Make them true

for you.
1. One of my favourite characters in a film is

correct answers.
2. My favourite programme comes on

.
3. In my room, the thing that takes up the most
space is
.
4. I dont like it when someone in an audience
.
5. The high point of my school year was
.
6. When I was younger, I used to
.
7. Im not used to
.
8. It was difficult / easy for me to get used to
.
69
GRAMMAR
3. Complete the sentences in reported speech.
Can I have some of your biscuits?
1. I live in Berlin, said Sally.

Sally said that she lived / had lived in Berlin.
2. I moved here a few weeks ago, she said.
She said that she had moved / has moved
there a few weeks before.
3. She told me, I may rent a flat.
She told me that she might / would rent a flat.
4. Im starting a new job next week! she
announced.
1. He asked me if he could have some of my
biscuits
Are we having an exam today?
She announced that she will start /

was starting a new job the following week.
5. I hope I will make a lot of money, she said.
She said she hoped she made / would make
a lot of money.
2. Complete the sentences in reported speech.
Use each reporting verb once.
complained announced warned

suggested explained admitted
mentioned
2. She wanted to know if we were having an
exam that day
1. Paula and I have decided to get married!
Who ate all the chicken?
Tom announced that he and Paula had
decided to get married.

suggested ordering / that we order
Debbie pizza the next night / the following
night / the night after.
3. I forgot to do my homework last night.
admitted that he had forgotten to do
Mark his homework the previous night /
the night before.
2. Lets order pizza tomorrow night.
4. The service in this restaurant has become

worse!
John complained that the service in that
3. Mum asked who had eaten all the chicken
restaurant had become worse.
5. You can get to Oxford Street on the tube or by

bus.
The clerk explained that I / we could get to
Oxford Street on the tube or by bus.

6. Im thinking of going to India next month.
mentioned that she was thinking of
Kate going to India the following month /
the next month.
Do you want to buy all these CDs?
7. Sir, its illegal to park here.
The policeman warned me that it was illegal
to park there.
4. The sales assistant asked me if I wanted to
buy all those CDs

70
Unit 9
4. Rewrite the sentences in reported speech
with the words in brackets. Do not change the
original meaning of the sentences. There may
be more than one correct answer.
1. Lets invite Tim and Lorraine to dinner next

week, my mother suggested. (that)
1. Jim told me that he hasnt seen me at the party

the day before.
Jim told me that he hadnt seen me at

the party the day before.
2. She asked me if did I like Shrek.
She asked me if I liked Shrek.

My mother suggested that we invite Tim
and Lorraine to dinner the following week /
3. My teacher asked me that what I wanted to
the week after.
2. Dont move! the man ordered the boys. (not)
The man ordered the boys not to move.

3. Do you know when the film starts? David
asked me. (if)
David asked me if I knew when the film

started.
4. You must complete the exam by noon, the

teacher reminded us. (that)
The teacher reminded us that we had to

complete the exam by noon.
5. Where were you last night? my mother asked

me. (wanted to know)
My mother wanted to know where I had

been the previous night / night before.
study.
My teacher asked me what I wanted to study.

4. They ordered us that we didnt move.
They ordered us not to move.

5. Sally suggested that we went to the cinema that
night.
Sally suggested that we go to the cinema

that night.
1. Jim claimed that he was getting used to his new

job.
Jim afirm que se estaba

acostumbrando a su nuevo trabajo.
5. Read the interview. Then complete the

paragraph below using reported speech.
2. They enquired whether Sally had gone to several

schools during her childhood.
Reporter: Tell me, do you hate the paparazzi?
Preguntaron si Sally haba ido a varios

colegios durante su infancia.
Paul: Yes. Most days, its impossible for me to

go out with my children or to the shops without
being followed! Once, I got so angry at a
photographer that I hit him, but Ill never do
that again.
Reporter: Do you think it should be illegal to
photograph celebrities without their permission?
Paul: I think it should be. Its already against the
law in some countries. I hope that it will become
illegal in England.
First, the reporter asked Paul 1. if he hated the
was
true.
paparazzi. Paul replied that it 2.
He complained that most days it 3.was impossible
to go out with 4. his children or to the shops
without being followed. Then, he admitted that he
once 5. had got so angry at a photographer
had hit him. He also said that
that he 6.
would never do
he 7.
that again. Then the reporter
if / whether he itthought
enquired 8.
should be illegal to
photograph celebrities without their permission.
Paul agreed that it should be. He mentioned that it
9.is / was already
against the law in some countries,
would become
10.
and hoped it
illegal in England.
3. I wanted to know if he had starred in that

programme.
Quera saber si haba protagonizado ese

programa.
4. Ann suggested that we watch that new sitcom.
Ann sugiri que viramos esa comedia

de situacin nueva.
5. Dad told me not to go out that night to

celebrate my birthday.
Pap me dijo que no saliera esa noche a

celebrar mi cumpleaos.
Grammar Review
1. If John asked me to help him, I would agree /

will agree / would have agreed to do it.
2. A new stadium is being built / builds /
is building for the 2012 Olympics.
3. Cathy told me that she had been / was / is ill
the week before.
4. The nurse ordered us not to smoke /
to not smoke / dont smoke in the hospital
waiting room.
5. I should have left / may leave /
might have left my keys on your desk. Could
you please check?
71
READING
Starring
the Royal Family
1. Use the reading strategies below to learn as

much as you can about the text.
Like many other television series, this one features

drama, glamour, excitement, and a wealthy, influential
family whose activities intrigue viewers. In this case,
though, the family is real and headed by Queen
Elizabeth II, of the United Kingdom and 15 other
countries. Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work, a
six-part documentary, took a year to make. It was first
broadcast in late 2008. Its a behind-the-scenes look
at the Royal Family and is an eye-opener for anyone
whos wondered what they actually do.
1. Look at the title and the picture. What do you

think the text is about?
A TV show about the Royal Family
2. Read the first sentence of each paragraph.

* See bottom of page for answers.
What is the main idea of each paragraph?
3. Scan the text and find the following
information:
a. the name of the documentary
Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work
b. the number of people who work for the
Royal Family 1,000
1. Monarchy: The Royal Family at Work

a. was shown in 15 countries.
b. was made in 2008.
c. is six episodes long.
d. took six years to make.
2. The livery
a. are secretaries.
b. are members of the Royal Family.
c. is the term used for the royals
cleaning staff.
d. serve guests and family members.
3. Find words or expressions in the text that
mean the opposite of:
influential
intrigue
bore (paragraph 1)
approximately
exactly (paragraph 2)
glimpse
long look at (paragraph 3)
ignore
pay attention to (paragraph 4)
1. powerless (paragraph 1)
2.
3.
4.
5.
4. Answer the questions according to the text.
1. Why does the writer say that the series is an

eye-opener for some people?
Because most people dont know what

the Royal Family actually do.
2. Why do you think two carriages are used
to take the Queen and the Crown Jewels
to Parliament? Possible Answer:
72
To prevent a double crime theft and

kidnapping
* Paragraph 1: a TV series.
Paragraph 2: events Royal Family attends.
Paragraph 3: Royal Familys staff
Paragraph 4: royal pageantry.
Paragraph 5: daily routine.
For instance, members of the Royal Family attend

approximately 4,000 events each year, including
formal state dinners, visits to schools, hospitals and
old-age homes. In addition, the Queen annually hosts
about 50,000 people at receptions, meals and her
famous garden parties at Buckingham Palace. In one
episode of the series, theres even a scene of the Queen
checking the table settings for a state dinner.
Of course, the Queen and her family have got a lot
of help. The programme provides a glimpse of the
work done by the more than 1,000 paid staff members
that run the royal household. Among the staff are
secretaries, chefs, cleaners, carpenters, plumbers
and the livery. The livery are the people who set
the tables, polish the silver, open doors, greet guests
and serve drinks and food. Its fascinating to see how
precisely these livery jobs must be done.
The TV series doesnt ignore royal pageantry. State
dinners abroad and at home are shown, as well as
the Queens ceremonial opening of Parliament. This
annual event begins with the Queen and the Crown
Jewels being driven to Parliament in two horse-drawn
carriages.
The main focus of the series is on the daily routine of
the Royal Family, which, although it looks like a fairy
tale, is a lot of work.
Unit 9
WRITING
Your Task
Write a review of a lm or TV programme
you have seen. Use 100-150 words.
1. Complete the sentences with a suitable word or

expression. There may be more than one correct
answer.
mine
.
Nevertheless
2. I know you dont like Mike.
,/you must
However
1. This pen belongs to me. Its
make an effort to be polite to him.
3. Im doing my homework now

to see a film later.
so that
I can go out
WRITING YOUR REVIEW

1. Brainstorm your review.
Think of a lm or TV programme you have
seen. What did you like / not like about it.
Think about the following questions:
- Is the acting good?

- Is the plot interesting or boring?
4. Mike has broken his leg. Therefore / , he wont

Consequently
compete in the race.
- Does the lm / TV programme deal with any

important issues?
of
the crime.
Finally
/
they arrived.
6. We waited for over an hour.
Eventually
- Did you enjoy the soundtrack? Were there

any special effects?
5. I still dont believe hes guilty
2. Read the lm review below. Choose the

correct answers.
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button

The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is a love story,
but one with a strange twist the main character,
Benjamin Button (Brad Pitt), ages backwards. Directed
by David Fincher, it tells Benjamins story, beginning
with 1. him / his birth in 1917. Due to his strange
appearance, Benjamin is abandoned and raised by
2.
an African-American funny /a funny African-American
woman called Queenie (Taraji P. Henson). When hes a
child, Benjamin meets a little girl, Daisy, who accepts
him 3. even though / despite his elderly appearance.
Years later, 4. when / since Benjamin looks 40 and Daisy
(Cate Blanchett) is in her 20s, they fall in love. Of
course, Benjamin gets younger while Daisy gets older.
The plot is interesting, and the performances are
amazing. In addition, the special effects are brilliant.
5.
Also / However, there are some problems
with the film. 6. First / At first, it ignores
important historical events of the time.
Second, the film lasts approximately two
and a half hours, which is too long.
7.
Despite / Due to these problems, the
film still gives viewers much to think
about, and is worth seeing.
- Is the lm / TV programme an adaptation of

a book / sequel? How does it compare to the
original?
PLAN
Opening: State the name of the film / TV
programme, the type of film / TV
programme, the director, the main
characters, the leading actor/s and
the setting. Describe the plot.
Body: Give your opinion on various
aspects of the film / TV
programme.
Closing: Give a general recommendation.

CHECKLIST
I followed the plan for a film / TV

programme review.
I used connectors and time words correctly.
I used correct word order and referencing
words.
I used a variety of adjectives.
punctuation.
Brad Pitt as Benjamin Button
73

Vocabulary
Grammar

F 1. Sonia was heartbroken when her wish

came true.
Sonia was heartbroken when her

wish didnt come true.
F 2. After she was kicked off the show, Marina

appeared every week.
After she was kicked off the show,

Marina didnt appear again.
T 3. The film had a predictable ending, so we
1. Did you run into Sam? asked Rena.

Rena asked her son whether he ran into /
had run into Sam.
2. Go to your room at once, she said.
She told him to go / go to his room at once.
3. How old is your brother? asked Jean.
Jean asked Philip how old was his brother /
his brother was.
knew what to expect.
T 4. A box office hit will make a lot of money.

F 5. I listened to the sequel.
I saw the sequel.
T 6. The passengers left the plane after it had
landed.
4. Complete the sentences using reported

speech.
1. Dont ask Eric about his driving test.

Cheryl warned Dan not to ask Eric about
his driving test.

2. Where did she hide the biscuits?
Cynthia wondered where she had hidden the
biscuits.
T 7. The bed took up so much space there was
no room for a chair.
3. I bought tickets for the concert next week.

Dave announced that he had bought tickets
for the concert the following week / the

week after / the next week.
2. Choose two correct answers for each
question.
1. What should you do during take-off?

a. Collect your luggage.
b. Sit in your seat.
c. Keep your seatbelt on.
2. What might you hear on a film soundtrack?
a. background music
b. the director talking
c. street noise
3. How would you greet visitors to your home?
a. I would smile and say Hello.
b. I would say Goodbye.
c. I would ask them in.
4. Why might you change channels?
a. You are bored.
b. You dont know what you want to watch.
c. The programme is interesting.
4. I have decided to take up skydiving.

Charlie said that he had decided to take up
skydiving.
5. Are you using the computer right now?
Sams sister wanted to know if he was using
the computer then.
Writing
of the sentences.
1. Please ask Phil if this book belongs to him. (his)
Please ask Phil if this is his book.

2. Read the instructions carefully so that you will
be able to build the table properly. (so as to)
Read the instructions carefully so as to

build the table properly.
3. The weather was cold, so we didnt go out.

(due to)
We didnt go out due to the cold weather.

74
Unit 9

Vocabulary
Grammar
1. Write the words next to their meanings.

There are more words than you need.

sitcom staff frank damage

release cast hectic take up
sequel spacious
1. begin something new
take up
2. all the actors in a play or film
the scuba diving course. Then, we
cast
release
harm or injury damage
a funny TV programme sitcom
frank
honest and direct
hectic
very busy
3. let something go free

4.
5.
6.
7.
was waiting (wait) when I

came
(come) home last night.
will
have finished (finish)
2. By next month, we
1. Mum

prex or sufx to the words in brackets.
useless (use). It doesnt work.

misunderstood
2. You must have
(understood) me.
1. Its
I was talking about something else.

3. Dont be so impatient (patient). Ill be ready.
4. Our friendship (friend) is based on trust.
5. His haircut has changed his appearance
(appear).
phrases below. There are more words than
necessary.
cope with defeat likely better off

short of high point accomplishment
survive choices struggle endurance
Ask any actor who has won an Oscar and it is
1.
likely that he will say it was the
2. high point
of both his career and his life.
But what happens to these actors after that night?
Unfortunately, many of them dont 3. survive in
the film industry. Gwyneth Paltrow says she couldnt
4. cope with
the pressure after getting her Oscar
and, as a result, she made many bad 5. choices
in her life. In many ways, she claims, she was
6. better off
without the Oscar. So many actors
7.
struggle to become famous in Hollywood, but
its just as difficult to stay famous. Winning an Oscar
accomplishment
, but its not a guarantee for a
is an 8.
successful future.
are going to travel(travel) to Thailand.

Does
this book belong (belong) to
3.
was
left
you? It
(leave) on my desk.
not to move
4. The policeman told the thief
to
be
(not move) and
(be) quiet.
of the sentences.
1. They recycle plastic bottles at this factory. (are)
Plastic bottles are recycled at this factory.

2. The last time I saw a film at a cinema was two
years ago. (for)
I havent seen a film at a cinema for two

years.
3. Vera helped the elderly man. His daughter was

on holiday. (whose)
Vera helped the elderly man whose

daughter was on holiday.
4. It wasnt a good idea for us to miss the

geography lesson. (shouldnt)
We shouldnt have missed the

geography lesson.
5. I dont walk every day because Im lazy. (if)
Id walk every day if I werent lazy.

6. Correct the errors in the sentences.
1. He didnt accept the role in the play despite he

really wanted it.
He didnt accept the role in the play even

though / although he really wanted it.
2. Sharon gave me yesterday a pair of earrings.
Sharon gave me a pair of earrings

yesterday.
3. Will you ask your parents to lend you them car?
Will you ask your parents to lend you

their car?
4. Those shoes were too expensive. Moreover, I

didnt buy them.
Those shoes were too expensive.

Consequently / Therefore / As a result, I
didnt buy them.
75

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1

3. Complete the captions with the adjectives

gorgeous unattractive helpful

1. Choose the sentence that best follows the

1. Lisa is an old acquaintance of mine.

Before you say anything, try and

4. In this detective novel, there are many clues

I have the feeling that our new

2. Choose the correct answer.

1. The footballer was in pain from the injury /

2. The reporter recorded every blind / single word

look up reply cope with realise

T 1. Selfish people only think about themselves.

3. David and Gill

6. Write T (True) or F (False) for each sentence.

a flat last year.

(not) it was so late.

6. I received an SMS from Sally. She

5. Complete the dialogue with the correct form of

run into curly gorgeous dark

Its hard to convince stubborn people

F 4. Talkative people dont speak a lot.

T 6. Bossy people always tell other people what

F 7. When people look through someone, they

When people look through someone, they

F 8. People look forward to something

People look forward to something in

Susan: Hi, Kristy.

7. Complete the sentences. Make them

1. I dont feel very confident when I

Accept all logical and grammatically

Kristy: I disagree. I think you look

4. My parents are usually open-minded about

Susan: What is it?

5. My friends and I sometimes share

Susan: Yes, theyre good friends. Mark is a really

Kristy: Yes hes really 6.

hes a wonderful guy. Hes also so

girlfriend flowers once a week.

run after him!

3. Write the words in the correct order to form

1. at nine / open / the / office / every morning

The office opens at nine every morning. /

1. Match I and II to form sentences.

2. the / east / sun / rise / always / the / in

The sun always rises in the east.

1. Does Bob sometimes

3. think / she / about / next year / travelling abroad

She is thinking about travelling abroad

4. a / lot / both / teams / tonight / score / of / points

Both teams are scoring a lot of points

5. usually / I / have / at / home / breakfast / not

I dont usually have breakfast at home. /

6. she / 2012 Olympics / in / the / want / to /

a. worries about how she looks.

She wants to compete in the 2012

b. attend the same school.

4. Rewrite the sentences using the expressions

f. study in the library?