Improve Cognitive Functions

Parts of the Brain
1. Meninges- protects the brain and spinal cord form mechanical injury; provides blood supply to
the skull and to the hemispheres provides a space for the flow of cerebrospinal fluid.
2. Gyrus- Each of the gyrus corresponds to a specific voluntary movement
3. Sulcus- improve cognitive functions
4. Cerebrum- where things like judgment, decision, perception and imagination appear
5. Cerebellum- controls the movement of the human body
6. Vermis- control of muscle tone and level of force
7. Arbor vitae- brings sensory and motor information to and from the cerebellum
8. Thalamus- involved in sensory perception and regulation of motor functions.
9. Hypothalamus- controls the release of 8 major hormones by the hypophysis, and is involved in
temperature regulation, control of food and water intake, sexual behavior and reproduction,
control of daily cycles in physiological state and behavior, and mediation of emotional responses.
10. Corpus callosum- connects the left and right sides of the brain allowing for communication
between both hemispheres. The corpus callosum transfers motor, sensory, and cognitive
information between the brain hemispheres.
11. Septum pallucidum- a barrier between the brain's lateral ventricles, but is not thought to have
any particular function itself.
12. Pituitary organ- makes some hormones, but also acts as an intermediary between the brain and
other endocrine glands. Our hormones and the pituitary gland accomplish many homeostatic and
specialized functions, like bone growth and uterine contractions.
13. Optic chiasma- where the images of the left and right eye are combined to make one picture
rather than two.
14. Pons - part of the metencephalon in the hindbrain. It is involved in motor control and sensory
analysis. For example, information from the ear first enters the brain in the pons. It has parts that
are important for the level of consciousness and for sleep. Some structures within the pons are
linked to the cerebellum, thus are involved in movement and posture.
15. Medulla oblongata- responsible for maintaining vital body functions, such as breathing and heart
rate
16. A. Superior colliculi- can be functionally divided into superficial and deep layers which subserve
somewhat different functions. For example, the superficial layers receive considerable input from
the retina as well as temporal and occipital visual cortex, and respond to moving stimuli. The
superficial layers also project to vision related cranial nerve nuclei.

B.inferior colliculi (corpora quadrigemina)- concerned with detecting and analyzing auditory
stimuli. It sends fibers to the pons and medulla as well as the superior colliculus, and relays
auditory inpulses to the spinal cord, and the nuclei subserving the neck and facial musculature.
Hence, via the IC, auditory impulses can trigger head and body turning and thus orientation
toward sound sources. In mammals, the IC also acts to relay auditory signals received from the
lateral lemniscus to the medial (auditory) geniculate of the thalamus, and in this regard it serves
not only to analyze and orient toward auditory stimuli, but as a major auditory relay nucleus.

Cows Eye
1. Sclera- serves as the eye's protective outer coat.
2. Cornea- helps to shield the rest of the eye from germs, dust, and other harmful matter. And it
acts as the eye's outermost lens. It functions like a window that controls and focuses the entry
of light into the eye.
3. Aqueous humour- fluid nourishes the cornea and the lens and gives the eye it's shape.
4. Iris- helps regulate the amount of light entering the eye. When there is bright light, the iris
closes the pupil to let in less light. And when there is low light, the iris opens up the pupil to let
in more light.
5. Lens- Focuses light rays onto the retina
6. Vitreous humour- helps the eye hold its shape, with light being transmitted through it to the
retina.
7. Retina- senses light and creates electrical impulses that are sent through the optic nerve to the
brain
8. Fovea- center of the macula which provides the sharp vision
9. Tapetum lucidum- increases the amount of light for night vision
10. Optic nerve- carries visual messages from the retina to the brain

Improve Cognitive Functions

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Parts of the Brain

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