Book Publishers: 2002

Book Publishers: 2002
Issued August 2004
EC02-51I-03
2002 Economic Census

Information
Industry Series
U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This report was prepared in the Service Sector Statistics Division under the direction of Bobby E.
Russell, Assistant Division Chief for Census Programs. Planning, management, and coordination of this
report were under the supervision of Jack B. Moody, Chief, Service Census Branch, assisted by Jack R.
Drago, Kirk K. Degler, Susan G. Baker, John P. Kern, Maria A. Poschinger, and Vannah L.
Beatty. Primary staff assistance was provided by Kari M. Behrend, Scherrie L. Butler, Kim A. Casey,
Alizabeth J. Chittenden, Laurie E. Davis, Tara S. Dryden, Michael Dunfee, Ashley G. Garmon,
Holly C. Higgins, Julie A. Ishman, Misty I. Jensen, Christine M. Joseph, Robin A. Justice, Joyce
Kiessling, Jason T. Lambert, John J. Manning, Christine M. Martin, Patrice C. Norman, Mary C.
Peate, Karen K. Ruane, Theresa L. Steele, Daniel Wellwood, Brent M. Williams, and Jill L.
Wright.
Mathematical and statistical techniques as well as the coverage operations were provided by Ruth E.
Detlefsen, Assistant Division Chief for Research and Methodology, assisted by Scot A. Dahl, Leader,
Census/Current Integration Group with staff assistance from Samson A. Adeshiyan and Anthony G.
Tersine Jr.
Eddie J. Salyers, Assistant Division Chief of Economic Planning and Coordination Division, was
responsible for overseeing the editing and tabulation procedures and the interactive analytical software.
Dennis Shoemaker and Kim Wortman, Special Assistants, John D. Ward, Chief, Analytical Branch,
and Brandy L. Yarbrough, Chief, Edit Branch, were responsible for developing the systems and
procedures for data collection, editing, review, and correction. Donna L. Hambric, Chief of the
Economic Planning Staff, was responsible for overseeing the systems and information for dissemination.
Douglas J. Miller, Chief, Tables and Dissemination Branch, assisted by Lisa Aispuro, Jamie Fleming,
Keith Fuller, Andrew W. Hait, and Kathy G. Padgett were responsible for developing the data
dissemination systems and procedures. The Geography Division staff, Robert LaMacchia, Chief,
developed geographic coding procedures and associated computer programs.
The Economic Statistical Methods and Programming Division, Howard R. Hogan, Chief, developed and
coordinated the computer processing systems. Barry F. Sessamen, Assistant Division Chief for Post
Collection, was responsible for design and implementation of the processing systems and computer
programs. Gary T. Sheridan, Chief, Macro Analytical Branch, assisted by Apparao V. Katikineni and
Edward F. Johnson provided computer programming and implementation.
The Systems Support Division provided the table composition system. Robert Joseph Brown, Table
Image Processing System (TIPS) Senior Software Engineer, was responsible for the design and
development of the TIPS, under the supervision of Robert J. Bateman, Assistant Division Chief,
Information Systems.
The staff of the National Processing Center, Judith N. Petty, Chief, performed mailout preparation and
receipt operations, clerical and analytical review activities, and data entry.
Kim D. Ottenstein, Margaret A. Smith, Bernadette J. Beasley, and Alan R. Plisch of the
Administrative and Customer Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief, provided publication and
printing management, graphics design and composition, and editorial review for print and electronic
media. General direction and production management were provided by James R. Clark, Assistant
Division Chief, and Susan L. Rappa, Chief, Publications Services Branch.
Special acknowledgment is also due the many businesses whose cooperation contributed to the
publication of these data.
Issued August 2004

EC02-51I-03

Information
Industry Series
U.S. Department of Commerce

Donald L. Evans,
Secretary
Theodore W. Kassinger,
Deputy Secretary
Economics and Statistics Administration
Kathleen B. Cooper,
Under Secretary for
Economic Affairs
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU
Charles Louis Kincannon,
Director
ECONOMICS
AND STATISTICS
ADMINISTRATION
Economics
and Statistics
Administration
Kathleen B. Cooper,
Under Secretary
for Economic Affairs
U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Charles Louis Kincannon,
Director
Hermann Habermann,
Deputy Director and
Chief Operating Officer
Vacant,
Principal Associate
Director for Programs
Frederick T. Knickerbocker,
Associate Director
for Economic Programs
Thomas L. Mesenbourg,
Assistant Director
for Economic Programs
Mark E. Wallace,
Chief, Service Sector
Statistics Division
CONTENTS
Introduction to the Economic Census

Information
v
ix
Tables
1.
2.
3.
4.
Summary Statistics for the United States: 2002

Comparative Statistics for the United States
(1997 NAICS Basis): 2002 and 1997
Product Lines by Kind of Business for the United States: 2002
Concentration by Largest Firms for the United States: 2002
1
2
3
6
Appendixes
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Explanation of Terms

NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions
Methodology
Geographic Notes
Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas
InformationIndustry Series
U.S. Census Bureau, 2002 Economic Census
A1
B1
C1

Not applicable for this report.
Book Publishers
iii
Introduction to the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUS
The economic census is the major source of facts about the structure and functioning of the
nations economy. It provides essential information for government, business, industry, and the
general public. Title 13 of the United States Code (Sections 131, 191, and 224) directs the Census
Bureau to take the economic census every 5 years, covering years ending in 2 and 7.
The economic census furnishes an important part of the framework for such composite measures
as the gross domestic product estimates, input/output measures, production and price indexes,
and other statistical series that measure short-term changes in economic conditions. Specific uses
of economic census data include the following:
Policymaking agencies of the federal government use the data to monitor economic activity and
to assess the effectiveness of policies.
State and local governments use the data to assess business activities and tax bases within
their jurisdictions and to develop programs to attract business.
Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries, which allows them to
keep their members informed of market changes.
Individual businesses use the data to locate potential markets and to analyze their own production and sales performance relative to industry or area averages.
INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONS
Data from the 2002 Economic Census are published primarily according to the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). NAICS was first adopted in the United States, Canada,
and Mexico in 1997. The 2002 Economic Census covers the following NAICS sectors:
21
22
23
31-33
42
44-45
48-49
51
52
53
54
55
56
61
62
71
72
81
Mining
Utilities
Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale Trade
Retail Trade
Transportation and Warehousing
Information
Finance and Insurance
Real Estate and Rental and Leasing
Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services
Management of Companies and Enterprises
Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services
Educational Services
Health Care and Social Assistance
Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation
Accommodation and Food Services
Other Services (except Public Administration)
(Not listed above are the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, and Hunting sector (NAICS 11), partially
covered by the census of agriculture conducted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the
Public Administration sector (NAICS 92), largely covered by the census of governments conducted
by the Census Bureau.)
The 20 NAICS sectors are subdivided into 100 subsectors (three-digit codes), 317 industry groups
(four-digit codes), and, as implemented in the United States, 1,179 industries (six-digit codes).
Introduction
RELATIONSHIP TO HISTORICAL INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONS

Prior to the 1997 Economic Census, data were published according to the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. While many of the individual NAICS industries correspond directly to industries as defined under the SIC system, most of the higher level groupings do not. Particular care
should be taken in comparing data for retail trade, wholesale trade, and manufacturing, which are
sector titles used in both NAICS and SIC, but cover somewhat different groups of industries. The
1997 Economic Census Bridge Between NAICS and SIC demonstrates the relationships between
NAICS and SIC industries. Where changes are significant, it may not be possible to construct time
series that include data for points both before and after 1997.
Most industry classifications remained unchanged between 1997 and 2002, but NAICS 2002
includes substantial revisions within the construction and wholesale trade sectors, and a number
of revisions for the retail trade and information sectors. These changes are noted in industry definitions and will be demonstrated in the Bridge Between NAICS 2002 and NAICS 1997.
For 2002, data for enterprise support establishments (those functioning primarily to support the
activities of their companys operating establishments, such as a warehouse or a research and
development laboratory) are included in the industry that reflects their activities (such as warehousing). For 1997, such establishments were termed auxiliaries and were excluded from industry
totals.
BASIS OF REPORTING
The economic census is conducted on an establishment basis. A company operating at more than
one location is required to file a separate report for each store, factory, shop, or other location.
Each establishment is assigned a separate industry classification based on its primary activity and
not that of its parent company. (For selected industries, only payroll, employment, and classification are collected for individual establishments, while other data are collected on a consolidated
basis.)
GEOGRAPHIC AREA CODING
Accurate and complete information on the physical location of each establishment is required to
tabulate the census data for states, metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas, counties, and
corporate municipalities (places) including cities, towns, townships, villages, and boroughs.
Respondents were required to report their physical location (street address, municipality, county,
and state) if it differed from their mailing address. For establishments not surveyed by mail (and
those single-establishment companies that did not provide acceptable information on physical
location), location information from administrative sources is used as a basis for coding.
AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL DATA
All results of the 2002 Economic Census are available on the Census Bureau Internet site
(www.census.gov) and on digital versatile discs (DVD-ROMs) for sale by the Census Bureau. The
American FactFinder system at the Internet site allows selective retrieval and downloading of the
data. For more information, including a description of reports being issued, see the Internet site,
write to the U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-6100, or call Customer Services at 301763-4100.
HISTORICAL INFORMATION
The economic census has been taken as an integrated program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and
before that for 1954, 1958, and 1963. Prior to that time, individual components of the economic
census were taken separately at varying intervals.
The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810 Decennial Census, when questions on
manufacturing were included with those for population. Coverage of economic activities was
expanded for the 1840 Decennial Census and subsequent censuses to include mining and some
commercial activities. The 1905 Manufactures Census was the first time a census was taken apart
vi
Introduction

from the regular decennial population census. Censuses covering retail and wholesale trade and
construction industries were added in 1930, as were some service trades in 1933. Censuses of
construction, manufacturing, and the other business censuses were suspended during World War
II.
The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be fully integrated, providing comparable census data across economic sectors and using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of firms provided by the administrative records of other federal agencies. Since 1963, administrative records
also have been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms, reducing or eliminating the
need to send them census report forms.
The range of industries covered in the economic census expanded between 1967 and 2002. The
census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967, and the scope of service
industries, introduced in 1933, was broadened in 1967, 1977, and 1987. While a few transportation industries were covered as early as 1963, it was not until 1992 that the census broadened to
include all of transportation, communications, and utilities. Also new for 1992 was coverage of
financial, insurance, and real estate industries. With these additions, the economic census and the
separate census of governments and census of agriculture collectively covered roughly 98 percent
of all economic activity. New for 2002 is coverage of four industries classified in the agriculture,
forestry, and fishing sector under the SIC system: landscape architectural services, landscaping
services, veterinary services, and pet care services.
Printed statistical reports from the 1992 and earlier censuses provide historical figures for the
study of long-term time series and are available in some large libraries. Reports for 1997 were
published primarily on the Internet and copies of 1992 reports are also available there. CD-ROMs
issued from the 1987, 1992, and 1997 Economic Censuses contain databases that include all or
nearly all data published in print, plus additional statistics, such as ZIP Code statistics, published
only on CD-ROM.
SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION
More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications
for the 2002 Economic Census and related surveys is published in the Guide to the 2002 Economic
Census at www.census.gov/econ/census02/guide. More information on the methodology, procedures, and history of the census will be published in the History of the 2002 Economic Census at
www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html.

Introduction
vii
This page is intentionally blank.
viii
Introduction

Information
SCOPE
The Information sector (sector 51) comprises establishments engaged in the following processes:
(a) producing and distributing information and cultural products, (b) providing the means to transmit or distribute these products as well as data or communications, and (c) processing data.
The main components of this sector are the publishing industries, including software publishing,
and both traditional publishing and publishing exclusively over the Internet; the telecommunications industries; the industries known as Internet service providers and Web search portals, data
processing industries, and the information services industries.
The expressions information age and global information economy are used with considerable
frequency today. The general idea of an information economy includes both the notion of industries primarily producing, processing, and distributing information, as well as the idea that every
industry is using available information and information technology to reorganize and make themselves more productive.
For the purpose of developing NAICS, it is the transformation of information into a commodity
that is produced and distributed by a number of growing industries that is at issue. The Information sector groups three types of establishments: (1) those engaged in producing and distributing
information and cultural products; (2) those that provide the means to transmit or distribute these
products as well as data or communications; and (3) those that process data. Cultural products
are those that directly express attitudes, opinions, ideas, values, and artistic creativity; provide
entertainment; or offer information and analysis concerning the past and present. Included in this
definition are popular, mass-produced products, as well as cultural products that normally have a
more limited audience, such as poetry books, literary magazines, or classical records.
The unique characteristics of information and cultural products, and of the processes involved in
their production and distribution, distinguish the Information sector from the goods-producing
and service-producing sectors. Some of these characteristics are:
1. Unlike traditional goods, an information or cultural product, such as a newspaper online or
television program, does not necessarily have tangible qualities, nor is it necessarily associated with a particular form. A movie can be shown at a movie theater, on a television broadcast, through video-on-demand or rented at a local video store. A sound recording can be
aired on radio, embedded in multimedia products, or sold at a record store.
2. Unlike traditional services, the delivery of these products does not require direct contact
between the supplier and the consumer.
3. The value of these products to the consumer lies in their informational, educational, cultural,
or entertainment content, not in the format in which they are distributed. Most of these products are protected from unlawful reproduction by copyright laws.
4. The intangible property aspect of information and cultural products makes the processes
involved in their production and distribution very different from goods and services. Only
those possessing the rights to these works are authorized to reproduce, alter, improve, and
distribute them. Acquiring and using these rights often involves significant costs. In addition,
technology is revolutionizing the distribution of these products. It is possible to distribute
them in a physical form, via broadcast, or online.
5. Distributors of information and cultural products can easily add value to the products they
distribute. For instance, broadcasters add advertising not contained in the original product.
Information
ix
This capacity means that unlike traditional distributors, they derive revenue not from sale of the
distributed product to the final consumer, but from those who pay for the privilege of adding
information to the original product. Similarly, a directory and mailing list publisher can acquire the
rights to thousands of previously published newspaper and periodical articles and add new value
by providing search and software and organizing the information in a way that facilitates research
and retrieval. These products often command a much higher price than the original information.
The distribution modes for information commodities may either eliminate the necessity for traditional manufacture, or reverse the conventional order of manufacture-distribute: A newspaper distributed online, for example, can be printed locally or by the final consumer. Similarly, it is anticipated that packaged software, which today is mainly bought through the traditional retail
channels, will soon be available mainly online. The NAICS Information sector is designed to make
such economic changes transparent as they occur, or to facilitate designing surveys that will
monitor the new phenomena and provide data to analyze the changes.
Many of the industries in the NAICS Information sector are engaged in producing products protected by copyright law, or in distributing them (other than distribution by traditional wholesale
and retail methods). Examples are traditional publishing industries, software and directory and
mailing list publishing industries, and film and sound industries. Broadcasting and telecommunications industries and information providers and processors are also included in the Information
sector, because their technologies are so closely linked to other industries in the Information sector.
Many of the kinds of business included in this sector are not thought of as commercial businesses and the terms (such as business, establishment, and firm) used to describe them may
not be descriptive of such services. However, these terms are applied to all kinds of business in
order to maintain conformity in the measures of the production and delivery of goods and services and in the presentation of data.
Exclusions. The tabulations for this sector do not include central administrative offices, warehouses, or other establishments that serve information establishments within the same organization. Data for such establishments are classified according to the nature of the service they provide. For example, separate headquarters establishments are reported in NAICS sector 55,
Management of Companies and Enterprises.
The reports described below exclude establishments of firms with no paid employees. These
nonemployers, typically self-employed individuals or partnerships operating businesses that
they have not chosen to incorporate, are reported separately in Nonemployer Statistics. The contribution of nonemployers, relatively large for this sector, may be examined at
www.census.gov/nonemployerimpact.
Definitions. Industry categories are defined in Appendix B, NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions. Other terms are defined in Appendix A, Explanation of Terms.
REPORTS
The following reports provide statistics on this sector.
Industry Series. There are 13 reports, each covering a group of related industries. The reports
present, by kind of business for the United States, general statistics for establishments of firms
with payroll on number of establishments, receipts, payroll, and employment; comparative statistics for 2002 and 1997; product lines; and concentration of business activity in the largest firms.
The data in industry reports are preliminary and subject to change in the following reports.
Geographic Area Series. There is a separate report for each state, the District of Columbia, and
the United States. Each state report presents, for establishments of firms with payroll, general statistics on number of establishments, receipts, expenses of tax-exempt establishments, payroll,
and employment by kind of business for the state, metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas,
counties, and places with 2,500 inhabitants or more. Greater kind-of-business detail is shown for
larger areas. The United States report presents data for the United States as a whole for detailed
kind-of-business classifications.
x
Information

Subject Series:
Product Lines. This report presents product lines data for establishments of firms with payroll
by kind of business. Data are presented for the United States and states.
Establishment and Firm Size (Including Legal Form of Organization). This report presents receipts/revenue, payroll, and employment data for the United States by receipts/revenue
size, by employment size, and by legal form of organization for establishments of firms with
payroll; and by receipts/revenue size (including concentration by largest firms), by employment
size, and by number of establishments operated (single units and multiunits) for firms with payroll.
Miscellaneous Subjects. This report presents data for a variety of industry-specific topics for
establishments of firms with payroll. Presentation of data varies by kind of business.
Other reports. Data for this sector are also included in reports with multisector coverage, including Nonemployer Statistics, Comparative Statistics, Bridge Between 2002 NAICS and 1997 NAICS,
Business Expenses, and the Survey of Business Owners reports.
GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED
The level of geographic detail varies by report. Maps are available at
www.census.gov/econ2002maps. Notes specific to areas in the state are included in Appendix D,
Geographic Notes. Data may be presented for
1. The United States as a whole.
2. States and the District of Columbia.
3. Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas. A core based statistical area (CBSA) contains a
core area with a substantial population nucleus, together with adjacent communities having a
high degree of social and economic integration with that core. CBSAs are differentiated into
metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas based on size criteria. Both metropolitan and
micropolitan statistical areas are defined in terms of entire counties, and are listed in Appendix E, Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas.
a. Metropolitan Statistical Areas (metro areas). Metro areas have at least one urbanized area of
50,000 or more population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties.
b. Micropolitan Statistical Areas (micro areas). Micro areas have at least one urban cluster of
at least 10,000, but less than 50,000 population, plus adjacent territory that has a high
degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties.
c. Metropolitan Divisions (metro divisions). If specified criteria are met, a metro area containing a single core with a population of 2.5 million or more may be subdivided to form
smaller groupings of counties referred to as Metropolitan Divisions.
d. Combined Statistical Areas (combined areas). If specified criteria are met, adjacent metro
and micro areas, in various combinations, may become the components of a new set of
areas called Combined Statistical Areas. The areas that combine retain their own designations as metro or micro areas within the larger combined area.
4. Counties and county equivalents defined as of January 1, 2002. Counties are the primary divisions of states, except in Louisiana where they are called parishes and in Alaska where they
are called boroughs, census areas, and city and boroughs. Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and
Virginia have one place or more that is independent of any county organization and constitutes primary divisions of their states. These places are treated as counties and as places.
5. Economic places.
Information
xi
a. Municipalities of 2,500 inhabitants or more defined as of January 1, 2002. These are areas
of significant population incorporated as cities, boroughs, villages, or towns according to
the 2000 Census of Population. For the economic census, boroughs, census areas, and city
and boroughs in Alaska and boroughs in New York are not included in this category.
b. Consolidated cities defined as of January 1, 2002. Consolidated cities are consolidated governments that consist of separately incorporated municipalities.
c. Townships in Michigan, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and towns in New York, Wisconsin,
and the six New England states with 10,000 inhabitants or more (according to the 2000
Census of Population).
d. Balance of county. Areas outside the entities listed above, including incorporated municipalities with populations of fewer than 2,500, towns and townships not qualifying as
noted above, and the remainders of counties outside places are categorized as Balance of
county.
DOLLAR VALUES
All dollar values presented are expressed in current dollars; i.e., 2002 data are expressed in 2002
dollars, and 1997 data, in 1997 dollars. Consequently, when making comparisons with prior
years, users of the data should consider the changes in prices that have occurred.
All dollar values are shown in thousands of dollars.
COMPARABILITY OF THE 1997 AND 2002 ECONOMIC CENSUSES
Both the 2002 Economic Census and the 1997 Economic Census present data based on the North
American Industry Classification System (NAICS).
These tables for 2002 include information establishments that primarily serve other establishments of the same enterprise. These enterprise support establishments were not included in
data for the information sector in 1997, but were instead included in the Other auxiliary establishments kind-of-business category in the Auxiliaries, Excluding Corporate, Subsidiary, and
Regional Managing Offices reports.
RELIABILITY OF DATA
All data compiled for this sector are subject to nonsampling errors. Nonsampling errors can be
attributed to many sources: inability to identify all cases in the actual universe; definition and
classification difficulties; differences in the interpretation of questions; errors in recording or coding the data obtained; and other errors of collection, response, coverage, processing, and estimation for missing or misreported data. Data presented in the Miscellaneous Subjects and Product
Lines reports for this sector are subject to sampling errors, as well as nonsampling errors.
The accuracy of these tabulated data is determined by the joint effects of the various nonsampling errors or by the joint effects of sampling and nonsampling errors. No direct measurement of
these effects has been obtained except for estimation for missing or misreported data, as by the
percentages shown in the tables. Precautionary steps were taken in all phases of the collection,
processing, and tabulation of the data in an effort to minimize the effects of nonsampling errors.
More information on the reliability of the data is included in Appendix C, Methodology.
DISCLOSURE
In accordance with federal law governing census reports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no
data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual establishment or business.
However, the number of establishments in a kind-of-business classification is not considered a disclosure; therefore, this information may be released even though other information is withheld.
Techniques employed to limit disclosure are discussed at
www.census.gov/epcd/ec02/disclosure.htm.
xii
Information

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT ECONOMIC DATA

The Census Bureau conducts the Service Annual Survey (SAS) each year. This survey, while providing more frequent observations, yields less kind-of-business and geographic detail than the economic census. In addition, the County Business Patterns program offers annual statistics on the
number of establishments, employment, and payroll classified by industry within each county,
and Statistics of U.S. Businesses program provides annual statistics classified by the employment
size of the enterprise, further classified by industry for the United States, and by broader categories for states and metropolitan areas.
CONTACTS FOR DATA USERS
Questions about these data may be directed to the U.S. Census Bureau, Service Sector Statistics
Division, Service Census Branch, 1-800-541-8345 or [email protected].
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
The following abbreviations and symbols are used with these data:
D
N
S
X
Z
Withheld to avoid disclosing data of individual companies; data are included in higher level totals
Not available or not comparable
Withheld because estimates did not meet publication standards
Not applicable
Less than half the unit shown
a
b
c
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
0 to 19 employees
20 to 99 employees
100 to 249 employees
1,000 to 2,499 employees
100,000 employees or more
(CC)
(IC)
Revised
Represents zero (page image/print only)
Consolidated city
Independent city

Information
xiii
Table 1.
Summary Statistics for the United States: 2002
[These data are preliminary and are subject to change; they will be superseded by data released in later reports. Includes only establishments of firms with payroll. For meaning of abbreviations and
symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error,
and definitions, see note at end of table. Enterprise support establishments are included. Because of this, comparability to 1997 Economic Census data may be limited. See introductory text for an
explanation of the treatment of enterprise support establishments in the 2002 Economic Census compared to the 1997 Economic Census]
2002
NAICS
code
51113
511130
Kind of business

Book publishers
Book publishers
1Includes
2Includes
Estab
lishments
(number)
Receipts
($1,000)
Annual
payroll
($1,000)
First quarter
payroll
($1,000)
Paid
employees for
pay period
including
March 12
(number)
3 570
27 162 866
4 879 506
1 318 046
3 570
27 162 866
4 879 506
1 318 046
Percent of receipts
From
admini
strative
records1
Estimated2
95 175
2.4
5.1
95 175
2.4
5.1
receipts information obtained from administrative records of other federal agencies.

receipts information that was imputed based on historic data, administrative data, industry averages, or other statistical methods.
Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The
census results in this table contain nonsampling error. Data users who create their own estimates using data from this table should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original data only. See
also explanation of terms and geographic definitions. For the full technical documentation, see Appendix C.
Information Industry Series

Book Publishers
Table 2.
Comparative Statistics for the United States (1997 NAICS Basis): 2002 and 1997
symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. Data based on the 2002 and 1997 Economic Censuses. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error,
nonsampling error, and definitions, see note at end of table. Enterprise support establishments are included. Because of this, comparability to 1997 Economic Census data may be limited. See
introductory text for an explanation of the treatment of enterprise support establishments in the 2002 Economic Census compared to the 1997 Economic Census]
Establishments
(number)
Receipts
($1,000)
Annual payroll
($1,000)
Paid employees
for pay period
including
March 12
(number)
2002

1997
2 697
2 684
26 204 303
22 648 251
4 621 488
3 642 824
87 574
89 898
2002

1997
2 697
2 684
26 204 303
22 648 251
4 621 488
3 642 824
87 574
89 898
1997
NAICS
code
51113
511130
Kind of business
Book publishers
Book publishers
Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 and 1997 Economic Censuses. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or
individual. The census results in this table contain nonsampling error. Data users who create their own estimates using data from this table should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original
data only. See also explanation of terms and geographic definitions. For the full technical documentation, see Appendix C.
Book Publishers

Table 3.
Product Lines by Kind of Business for the United States: 2002
symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling
error, and definitions, see note at end of table. Enterprise support establishments are included. Because of this, comparability to 1997 Economic Census data may be limited. See introductory text
for an explanation of the treatment of enterprise support establishments in the 2002 Economic Census compared to the 1997 Economic Census]
Establishments with the product
line
2002
NAICS
code
As percent of total receipts

of
2002
Product
line code
Kind of business and product line
Number
51113

Mailing lists, rental or sale
Publishing services for others
Books Print: Textbooks
Elementary and secondary school textbooks
Postsecondary textbooks
Books Print: Childrens books, excluding coloring activity books,
sticker books, and water painting books
Books Print: General reference books
Maps
Atlases and gazetteers
Other, including dictionaries, encyclopedias, thesauruses, etc.
Books Print: Professional, technical, and scholarly books
Professional and technical books Legal
Professional and technical books Medical
Professional and technical books Other
Scholarly books
Books Print: Adult trade books
Books Print Sale of advertising space
Books Internet: Textbooks
Books Internet: Childrens books, excluding coloring activity books,
Books Internet: General reference books
Maps
Books Internet: Professional, technical, and scholarly books
Scholarly books
Books Internet: Adult trade books
Books Internet Sale of advertising space
Books Other media: Textbooks
Books Other media: Childrens books, excluding coloring activity
books, sticker books, and water painting books
Books Other media: General reference books
Maps
Dictionaries, encyclopedias, thesauruses, etc.
Books Other media: Professional, technical, and scholarly books
Scholarly books
Books Other media: Adult trade books
Audio
Excluding audio
Fulfillment services (Third party distributors of merchandise on a
contract basis.)
Consulting services (Related to book publishers.)
Training services (Related to book publishers.)
Sale of advertising space for other media, not specified by type of
publication
Cards, except greeting cards print
Calendars print
Sale of print advertising space, not specified by type of publication
Sale of Internet advertising space, not specified by type of publication
Music book publishing
Sheet music publishing
Yearbooks Print
Posters Print
Posters Internet
Other publishing, not specified by type of publication
Other publishing, excluding books
Other publishing, excluding cards, calendars, patterns, yearbooks
and posters
Other Internet publishing, not specified by type of publication
Other Internet publishing, excluding books
Other Internet publishing, excluding cards, calendars, patterns,
yearbooks, and posters
Book publishers
31120
31170
31171
31172
31173
31174
31175
31176
31180
31200
31210
31211
31212
31220
31230
31231
31232
31233
31240
31241
31242
31243
31244
31250
31260
31270
31271
31272
31280
31290
31291
31292
31293
31300
31301
31302
31303
31304
31310
31320
31330
31331
31332
31340
31350
31351
31352
31353
31360
31361
31362
31363
31364
31370
31371
31372
31470
31480
31490
31500
31760
31770
31790
31970
32110
32120
32820
32830
32850
33800
33802
33804
33850
33852
33854
Product line receipts
Printing services for others

Sale or licensing of rights to content
Sale or licensing of rights to textbooks
Sale or licensing of rights to childrens books
Sale or licensing of rights to general reference books
Sale or licensing of rights to professional, technical, and scholarly
books
Sale or licensing of rights to adult trade books
Sale or licensing of rights to other content
Total receipts
($1,000)
Amount1
($1,000)
27 162 866
3 570
Estab
lishments
with the
product
line
All
estab
lishments1
Response
coverage2
(percent)
100.0
61.9
805
168
093
273
318
14.8
4.3
2.3
5.1
4.8
.4
.8
.1
.1
Z
X
49.4
X
X
X
631 044
2 541 181
237 503
30 626
82 911
6 941
4.9
3.3
2.9
.1
.3
Z
X
X
X
107
158
644
414
337
710 245
698 185
8 622 733
5 407 747
4 625 234
5 560
219 363
6 299 623
3 934 303
2 365 320
.8
31.4
73.1
72.8
51.1
Z
.8
23.2
14.5
8.7
X
X
60.9
X
X
409
856
619
162
194
6 627 960
5 300 201
1 043 754
301 734
4 218 516
1 855 881
1 887 171
713 862
78 062
1 095 247
28.0
35.6
68.4
25.9
26.0
6.8
6.9
2.6
.3
4.0
X
52.3
X
X
X
8
3
1
3
1
134
521
47
33
12
649
4 765
783
375
256
125
231
45
1 014
133
191
455
344
503
711
613
353
368
95
204
18
19
12
740
232
746
458
883
517
418
093
972
756
3 815 474
1 646 966
316 001
1 225 580
626 927
43.7
51.0
18.1
35.4
33.3
14.0
6.1
1.2
4.5
2.3
58.9
X
X
X
X
1 118
51
65
39
35
11 518
96
1 520
91
1 468
866
416
509
337
614
8 095
12
254
6
247
308
769
330
351
979
70.3
13.2
16.7
7.0
16.9
29.8
Z
.9
Z
.9
X
X
61.7
X
X
30
83
51
12
22
1 502
166
10
18
154
008
501
415
500
527
4 691
15 355
243
791
14 321
.3
9.2
2.3
4.3
9.3
Z
.1
Z
Z
.1
X
61.8
X
X
X
163
22
26
76
44
3 969 740
2 478 745
169 667
1 285 164
104 881
1 471 519
1 327 119
12 949
122 460
8 991
37.1
53.5
7.6
9.5
8.6
5.4
4.9
Z
.5
Z
61.8
X
X
X
X
142
6
69
44
29
4 555
131
2 218
348
1 905
794
334
614
478
013
38
2
120
60
59
306
085
651
773
878
.8
1.6
5.4
17.4
3.1
.1
Z
.4
.2
.2
X
X
61.8
X
X
16
131
101
19
20
2 239 722
2 989 732
592 699
91 582
2 310 069
4
167
85
60
22
951
998
506
257
235
.2
5.6
14.4
65.8
1.0
Z
.6
.3
.2
.1
X
61.9
X
X
X
195
26
42
94
40
4 120 097
2 505 431
143 997
954 462
539 939
574
138
24
352
57
328
953
805
603
967
13.9
5.5
17.2
36.9
10.7
2.1
.5
.1
1.3
.2
61.7
X
X
X
X
94
56
56
4 508 107
3 756 651
2 206 177
263 972
199 059
64 913
5.9
5.3
2.9
1.0
.7
.2
61.6
X
X
85
47
33
1 255 755
46 645
188 924
86 775
1 824
15 896
6.9
3.9
8.4
.3
Z
.1
X
X
X
3 943
850
434
140
927
420
504
595
270
114
488
278
2 595
155
166
85 384
22
10 163
6 254
50 032
2 705
521
289 950
285 079
65.8
18.2
.2
63.2
.8
2.1
4.6
38.0
1.3
3.4
25.9
26.0
Z
Z
Z
.3
Z
Z
Z
.2
Z
Z
1.1
1.1
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
61.9
X
8
8
8
310
8
22
10
14
60
8
196
154
86
135
2
490
135
131
206
15
1 118
1 096
42
22 210
4 871
21.9
57
30
782 875
518 283
57 108
53 578
7.3
10.3
.2
.2
61.9
X
27
264 592
3 530
1.3
See footnotes at end of table.

Book Publishers
Table 3.
Product Lines by Kind of Business for the United States: 2002 Con.
line
2002
NAICS
code

of
2002
Product
line code
51113
Number
Total receipts
($1,000)
Amount1
($1,000)
Estab
lishments
with the
product
line
228
159
69
707 006
413 236
293 770
119 406
101 284
18 122
16.9
24.5
6.2
.4
.4
.1
61.9
X
X
18
550
388
160
14 001
5 547 539
5 424 637
84 168
464
1 022 313
1 002 583
17 237
3.3
18.4
18.5
20.5
Z
3.8
3.7
.1
X
61.9
X
X
3 570
27 162 866
100.0
61.9
805
168
093
273
318
14.8
4.3
2.3
5.1
4.8
.4
.8
.1
.1
Z
X
49.4
X
X
X
All
estab
lishments1
Response
coverage2
(percent)
Book publishers Con.
39000
39031
39033
39250
39500
39523
39525
511130
31120
31170
31171
31172
31173
31174
31175
31176
31180
31200
31210
31211
31212
31220
31230
31231
31232
31233
31240
31241
31242
31243
31244
31250
31260
31270
31271
31272
31280
31290
31291
31292
31293
31300
31301
31302
31303
31304
31310
31320
31330
31331
31332
31340
31350
31351
31352
31353
31360
31361
31362
31363
31364
31370
31371
31372
31470
31480
31490
31500
31760
31770
31790
31970
32110
32120
32820
32830

Rental or lease of goods and/or equipment
All other receipts
All other receipts
All other receipts
Book publishers
Printing services for others
Sale or licensing of rights to content
Sale or licensing of rights to textbooks
Sale or licensing of rights to childrens books
Sale or licensing of rights to general reference books
Merchandise sales
Resale of merchandise, not specified by type

Mailing lists, rental or sale
Publishing services for others
Books Print: Textbooks
Books Print: Childrens books, excluding coloring activity books,
Books Print: General reference books
Maps
Books Print: Professional, technical, and scholarly books
Scholarly books
Books Print: Adult trade books
Books Print Sale of advertising space
Books Internet: Textbooks
Books Internet: Childrens books, excluding coloring activity books,
Books Internet: General reference books
Maps
Books Internet: Professional, technical, and scholarly books
Scholarly books
Books Internet: Adult trade books
Books Internet Sale of advertising space
Books Other media: Textbooks
Books Other media: Childrens books, excluding coloring activity
books, sticker books, and water painting books
Books Other media: General reference books
Maps
Dictionaries, encyclopedias, thesauruses, etc.
Books Other media: Professional, technical, and scholarly books
Scholarly books
Books Other media: Adult trade books
Audio
Excluding audio
Fulfillment services (Third party distributors of merchandise on a
contract basis.)
Consulting services (Related to book publishers.)
Training services (Related to book publishers.)
Sale of advertising space for other media, not specified by type of
publication
Cards, except greeting cards print
Calendars print
Sale of print advertising space, not specified by type of publication
Sale of Internet advertising space, not specified by type of publication
Music book publishing
Sheet music publishing
Yearbooks Print
Posters Print
Sale or licensing of rights to professional, technical, and scholarly
books
Sale or licensing of rights to adult trade books
Sale or licensing of rights to other content
134
521
47
33
12
649
4 765
783
375
256
125
231
45
631 044
2 541 181
237 503
30 626
82 911
6 941
4.9
3.3
2.9
.1
.3
Z
X
X
X
107
158
644
414
337
710 245
698 185
8 622 733
5 407 747
4 625 234
5 560
219 363
6 299 623
3 934 303
2 365 320
.8
31.4
73.1
72.8
51.1
Z
.8
23.2
14.5
8.7
X
X
60.9
X
X
409
856
619
162
194
6 627 960
5 300 201
1 043 754
301 734
4 218 516
1 855 881
1 887 171
713 862
78 062
1 095 247
28.0
35.6
68.4
25.9
26.0
6.8
6.9
2.6
.3
4.0
X
52.3
X
X
X
8
3
1
3
1
1 014
133
191
455
344
503
711
613
353
368
95
204
18
19
12
740
232
746
458
883
517
418
093
972
756
3 815 474
1 646 966
316 001
1 225 580
626 927
43.7
51.0
18.1
35.4
33.3
14.0
6.1
1.2
4.5
2.3
58.9
X
X
X
X
1 118
51
65
39
35
11 518
96
1 520
91
1 468
866
416
509
337
614
8 095
12
254
6
247
308
769
330
351
979
70.3
13.2
16.7
7.0
16.9
29.8
Z
.9
Z
.9
X
X
61.7
X
X
30
83
51
12
22
1 502
166
10
18
154
008
501
415
500
527
4 691
15 355
243
791
14 321
.3
9.2
2.3
4.3
9.3
Z
.1
Z
Z
.1
X
61.8
X
X
X
163
22
26
76
44
3 969 740
2 478 745
169 667
1 285 164
104 881
1 471 519
1 327 119
12 949
122 460
8 991
37.1
53.5
7.6
9.5
8.6
5.4
4.9
Z
.5
Z
61.8
X
X
X
X
142
6
69
44
29
4 555
131
2 218
348
1 905
794
334
614
478
013
38
2
120
60
59
306
085
651
773
878
.8
1.6
5.4
17.4
3.1
.1
Z
.4
.2
.2
X
X
61.8
X
X
16
131
101
19
20
2 239 722
2 989 732
592 699
91 582
2 310 069
4
167
85
60
22
951
998
506
257
235
.2
5.6
14.4
65.8
1.0
Z
.6
.3
.2
.1
X
61.9
X
X
X
195
26
42
94
40
4 120 097
2 505 431
143 997
954 462
539 939
574
138
24
352
57
328
953
805
603
967
13.9
5.5
17.2
36.9
10.7
2.1
.5
.1
1.3
.2
61.7
X
X
X
X
94
56
56
4 508 107
3 756 651
2 206 177
263 972
199 059
64 913
5.9
5.3
2.9
1.0
.7
.2
61.6
X
X
85
47
33
1 255 755
46 645
188 924
86 775
1 824
15 896
6.9
3.9
8.4
.3
Z
.1
X
X
X
3 943
850
434
140
927
420
504
595
270
2 595
155
166
85 384
22
10 163
6 254
50 032
2 705
65.8
18.2
.2
63.2
.8
2.1
4.6
38.0
1.3
Z
Z
Z
.3
Z
Z
Z
.2
Z
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
8
8
8
310
8
22
10
14
60
86
135
2
490
135
131
206
See footnotes at end of table.
Book Publishers

Table 3.
Product Lines by Kind of Business for the United States: 2002 Con.
line
2002
NAICS
code

of
2002
Product
line code
511130
Number
Total receipts
($1,000)
Amount1
($1,000)
Estab
lishments
with the
product
line
8
196
154
15 114
1 118 488
1 096 278
521
289 950
285 079
3.4
25.9
26.0
All
estab
lishments1
Response
coverage2
(percent)
Z
1.1
1.1
X
61.9
X
Book publishers Con.

32850
33800
33802
33804
33850
33852
33854
39000
39031
39033
39250
39500
39523
39525

Other Internet publishing, not specified by type of publication
Other Internet publishing, excluding books
Other Internet publishing, excluding cards, calendars, patterns,
yearbooks, and posters
Merchandise sales
Rental or lease of goods and/or equipment
All other receipts
All other receipts
All other receipts
Posters Internet
Other publishing, not specified by type of publication
Other publishing, excluding books
Other publishing, excluding cards, calendars, patterns, yearbooks
and posters
42
22 210
4 871
21.9
57
30
782 875
518 283
57 108
53 578
7.3
10.3
.2
.2
61.9
X
27
264 592
3 530
1.3
228
159
69
707 006
413 236
293 770
119 406
101 284
18 122
16.9
24.5
6.2
.4
.4
.1
61.9
X
X
18
550
388
160
14 001
5 547 539
5 424 637
84 168
464
1 022 313
1 002 583
17 237
3.3
18.4
18.5
20.5
Z
3.8
3.7
.1
X
61.9
X
X
1Product line receipts and/or product line percents may not sum to total due to exclusion of selected lines to avoid disclosing data for individual companies, due to rounding, and/or due to
exclusion of lines that did not meet publication criteria.
2Receipts of establishments reporting product lines as percent of total receipts.
3Other media, including CD ROM, diskette, audio cassette, and microform.
Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual.
The census results in this table contain nonsampling error. Data users who create their own estimates using data from this table should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original data only.
See also explanation of terms and geographic definitions. For the full technical documentation, see Appendix C.

Book Publishers
Table 4.
Concentration by Largest Firms for the United States: 2002
[These data are preliminary and are subject to change; they will be superseded by data released in later reports. Includes only firms and establishments of firms with payroll. Excludes data for corporate,
subsidiary, and regional managing offices and establishments of these firms that are classified in other categories than those specified in this table. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see
introductory text. For explanation of terms, see Appendix A. For method of assignment to categories shown, see Appendix C. Data based on the 2002 Economic Census. For information on
confidentiality protection, sampling error, nonsampling error, and definitions, see note at end of table. Enterprise support establishments are included. Because of this, comparability to 1997 Economic
Census data may be limited. See introductory text for an explanation of the treatment of enterprise support establishments in the 2002 Economic Census compared to the 1997 Economic Census]
Receipts
2002
NAICS
code
51113
Kind of business and largest firms based on receipts

Establishments
(number)
As percent
of total
First quarter
payroll
($1,000)
Paid employees
for pay period
including
March 12
(number)
Book publishers

All firms
4 largest firms
8 largest firms
20 largest firms
50 largest firms
511130
Amount
($1,000)
Annual
payroll
($1,000)
3 570
122
136
185
238
27
11
15
19
21
162
362
372
547
800
866
672
994
635
921
100.0
41.8
56.6
72.0
80.3
4
1
2
2
3
879
635
158
969
448
506
985
031
833
937
1 318
492
640
842
965
046
200
532
381
224
95
28
34
49
57
175
648
947
032
842
3 570
122
136
185
238
27
11
15
19
21
162
362
372
547
800
866
672
994
635
921
100.0
41.8
56.6
72.0
80.3
4
1
2
2
3
879
635
158
969
448
506
985
031
833
937
1 318
492
640
842
965
046
200
532
381
224
95
28
34
49
57
175
648
947
032
842
Book publishers

All firms
4 largest firms
8 largest firms
20 largest firms
50 largest firms
Note: The data in this table are based on the 2002 Economic Census. To maintain confidentiality, the Census Bureau suppresses data to protect the identity of any business or individual. The
census results in this table contain nonsampling error. Data users who create their own estimates using data from this table should cite the Census Bureau as the source of the original data only. See
also explanation of terms and geographic definitions. For the full technical documentation, see Appendix C.
Book Publishers

Appendix A.
Explanation of Terms
ANNUAL PAYROLL
Payroll includes all forms of compensation such as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay,
bonuses, vacation allowances, sick-leave pay, and employee contributions to qualified pension
plans paid during the year to all employees and reported on Internal Revenue Service (IRS) Form
941 as taxable Medicare Wages and tips (even if not subject to income or FICA tax). Also included
are tips and gratuities received by employees from patrons and reported to employers. If an
employee works at more than one location, the payroll is included in the one location where they
spend most of their time. Also included are salaries of members of professional service organizations or associations that operate under state professional corporation statutes and file a corporate federal income tax return. Excluded are payrolls of departments or concessions operated by
other companies at the establishment; payments to or withdrawals by proprietors or partners of
an unincorporated company; and annuities or supplemental unemployment compensation benefits, even if income tax was withheld. Payroll is reported before deductions for social security,
income tax, insurance, union dues, etc. This definition of payroll is the same as that used by the
IRS on Form 941.
ESTABLISHMENTS
An establishment is a single physical location at which business is conducted and/or services are
provided. It is not necessarily identical to a company or enterprise, which may consist of one
establishment or more. Economic census figures represent a summary of reports for individual
establishments rather than companies. For cases where a census report was received, separate
information was obtained for each location where business was conducted. When administrative
records of other federal agencies were used instead of a census report, no information was available on the number of locations operated. Each economic census establishment was tabulated
according to the physical location at which the business was conducted. The count of establishments represents those in business at any time during 2002.
When two activities or more were carried on at a single location under a single ownership, all
activities generally were grouped together as a single establishment. The entire establishment
was classified on the basis of its major activity and all data for it were included in that classification. However, when distinct and separate economic activities (for which different industry classification codes were appropriate) were conducted at a single location under a single ownership,
separate establishment reports for each of the different activities were obtained in the census.
Leased service departments (separately owned businesses operated as departments or concessions of other service establishments or of retail businesses, such as a separately owned shoeshine parlor in a barber shop, or a beauty shop in a department store) are treated as separate service establishments for census purposes. Leased retail departments located in service
establishments (e.g., a gift shop located in a hotel) are considered separate retail establishments.
FIRMS
A firm is a business organization or entity consisting of one domestic establishment (location) or
more under common ownership or control. All establishments of subsidiary firms are included as
part of the owning or controlling firm. For the economic census, the terms firm and company
are synonymous.
FIRST-QUARTER PAYROLL
Represents payroll paid to persons employed at any time during the quarter January to March
2002.
Information
Appendix A
A1
PAID EMPLOYEES FOR PAY PERIOD INCLUDING MARCH 12

Paid employees consists of full- and part-time employees, including salaried officers and executives of corporations, who were on the payroll during the pay period including March 12. Included
are employees on paid sick leave, paid holidays, and paid vacations, and salaried members of professional service organizations or associations that operate under state professional corporation
statutes and file corporate federal income tax returns. Not included are proprietors and partners
of unincorporated businesses; employees of departments or concessions operated by other companies at the establishment; full- and part-time leased employees whose payroll was filed under
an employee leasing companys Employer Identification Number (EIN); and temporary staffing
obtained from a staffing service. The definition of paid employees is the same as that used by the
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) on Form 941.
RECEIPTS
Includes gross receipts from customers or clients for services provided, from the use of facilities,
and from merchandise sold during 2002, whether or not payment was received in 2002. Receipts
include royalties, license fees, and other payments from the marketing of intangible products
(e.g., licensing the use of or granting reproduction rights for software, musical compositions, and
other intellectual property). Receipts also include the rental and leasing of vehicles, equipment,
instruments, tools, etc.; total value of service contracts; market value of compensation received in
lieu of cash; amounts received for work subcontracted to others; dues and assessments from
members and affiliates; this establishments share of receipts from departments, concessions, and
vending and amusement machines operated by others. Sales to and receipts from foreign parent
firms, subsidiaries, and branches are included. Receipts also include advertising sales, and sales
of goods and services marketed through sales offices. For public broadcast stations and libraries,
receipts include contributions, gifts, grants, and income from interest, rental of real estate, and
dividends.
Receipts do not include sales and other taxes (including Hawaiis General Excise Tax) collected
directly from customers or clients and paid directly to a local, state, or federal tax agency. Also
excluded are gross receipts collected on behalf of others; gross receipts from departments or concessions operated by others; sales of used equipment previously rented or leased to customers;
proceeds from the sale of real estate (land and buildings), investments, or other assets (except
inventory held for resale); contributions, gifts, grants, and income from interest, rental of real
estate, and dividends, EXCEPT for public broadcast stations and libraries; domestic intracompany
transfers; receipts of foreign parent firms and subsidiaries; and other nonoperating income (e.g.,
franchise fees).
A2
Appendix A
Information
Appendix B.
NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions
PART 1. 2002 NAICS
51113 BOOK PUBLISHERS
This industry comprises establishments known as book publishers. Establishments in this industry carry out design, editing, and marketing activities necessary for producing and distributing
books. These establishments may publish books in print, electronic, or audio form.
PART 2. 1997 NAICS

Information
Appendix B
B1
Appendix C.
Methodology
SOURCES OF THE DATA
For this sector, large- and medium-size firms, plus all firms known to operate more than one
establishment, were sent report forms to be completed for each of their establishments and
returned to the Census Bureau. For most very small firms, data from existing administrative
records of other federal agencies were used instead. These records provide basic information on
location, kind of business, receipts, payroll, number of employees, and legal form of organization.
Firms in the 2002 Economic Census are divided into those sent report forms and those not sent
report forms. The coverage of and the method of obtaining census information from each are
described below:
1. Establishments sent a report form:
a. Large employers, i.e., all multiestablishment firms, and all employer firms with payroll
above a specified cutoff. (The term employers refers to firms with one or more paid
employees at any time during 2002 as shown in the active administrative records of other
federal agencies.)
b. A sample of small employers, i.e., single-establishment firms with payroll below a specified
cutoff in classifications for which specialized data precludes reliance solely on administrative records sources. The sample was stratified by industry and geography.
2. Establishments not sent a report form:
a. Small employers, i.e., single-establishment firms with payroll below a specified cutoff, not
selected into the small employer sample. Although the payroll cutoff varies by kind of business, small employers not sent a report form generally include firms with less than 10
employees and represent about 10 percent of total receipts of establishments covered in
the census. Data on receipts, payroll, and employment for these small employers were
derived or estimated from administrative records of other federal agencies.
b. All nonemployers, i.e., all firms with no paid employees during 2002. Receipts information
for these firms was obtained from administrative records of other federal agencies.
Although consisting of many firms, nonemployers account for less than 10 percent of total
receipts of all establishments covered in the census. Data for nonemployers are not
included in this report, but are released in the annual Nonemployer Statistics series.
The report forms used to collect information for establishments in this sector are available at
help.econ.census.gov/econhelp/resources/.
A more detailed examination of census methodology is presented in the History of the Economic
Census at www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html.
INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION OF ESTABLISHMENTS
The classifications for all establishments are based on the North American Industry Classification
System, United States, 2002 manual. Changes between 1997 and 2002 affecting this sector are
discussed in the text at the beginning of this report. Tables at www.census.gov/epcd/naics02/
identify all industries that changed between the 1997 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) and 2002 NAICS.
The method of assigning classifications and the level of detail at which establishments were classified depends on whether a report form was obtained for the establishment.
Information
Appendix C C1
1. Establishments that returned a report form were classified on the basis of their selfdesignation, product line receipts, and responses to other industry-specific inquiries.
2. Establishments without a report form:
a. Small employers not sent a form were, where possible, classified on the basis of the most
current kind-of-business classification available from one of the Census Bureaus current
sample surveys or the 1997 Economic Census. Otherwise, the classification was obtained
from administrative records of other federal agencies. If the census or administrative
record classifications proved inadequate (none corresponded to a 2002 Economic Census
classification in the detail required for employers), the firm was sent a brief inquiry
requesting information necessary to assign a kind-of-business code.
b. Nonemployers were classified on the basis of information obtained from administrative
records of other federal agencies.
RELIABILITY OF DATA
All data compiled in the economic census are subject to nonsampling errors. Nonsampling errors
can be attributed to many sources during the development or execution of the census:
inability to identify all cases in the actual universe;
definition and classification difficulties;
differences in the interpretation of questions;
errors in recording or coding the data obtained; and
other errors of collection, response, coverage, processing, and estimation for missing or misreported data.
Data presented in the Miscellaneous Subjects and the Product Lines reports for this sector are subject to sampling errors, as well as nonsampling errors. Specifically, these data are estimated based
on information obtained from census report forms mailed to all large employers and to a sample
of small employers in the universe. Sampling errors affect these estimates, insofar, as they may
differ from results that would be obtained from a complete enumeration.
The accuracy of these tabulated data is determined by the joint effects of the various nonsampling errors or by the joint effects of sampling and nonsampling errors. No direct measurement of
these effects has been obtained except for estimation for missing or misreported data; however,
precautionary steps were taken in all phases of the collection, processing, and tabulation of the
data in an effort to minimize the effects of nonsampling errors.
The Census Bureau obtains limited information extracted from administrative records of other federal agencies, such as gross receipts from federal income tax records and employment and payroll
from payroll tax records. This information is used in conjunction with other information available
to the Census Bureau to develop estimates for nonemployers, small employers, and other establishments for which responses were not received in time for publication.
Key tables in this report include a column for Percent of receipts from administrative records.
This includes receipts information obtained from administrative records of other federal agencies.
The Percent of receipts estimated includes receipts information that was imputed based on historic company ratios or administrative records, or on industry averages.
The Census Bureau recommends that data users incorporate this information into their analyses,
as nonsampling error and sampling error could impact the conclusions drawn from economic census data.
TREATMENT OF NONRESPONSE
Census report forms included two different types of inquiries, basic and industry-specific. Data
for the basic inquiries, which include location, kind of business or operation, receipts, payroll, and
number of employees, were available from a combination of sources for all establishments. Data
for industry-specific inquiries, tailored to the particular kinds of business or operation covered by
the report form, were available only from establishments responding to those inquiries.
C2
Appendix C
Information
Data for industry-specific inquiries in this sector were expanded in most cases to account for
establishments that did not respond to the particular inquiry for which data are presented. Unless
otherwise noted in specific reports, data for industry-specific inquiries were expanded in direct
relationship to total receipts of all establishments included in the category. In a few cases, expansion on the basis of the receipts was not appropriate, and another basic data item was used as the
basis for expansion of reported data to account for nonrespondents.
All reports in which industry-specific data were expanded include a coverage indicator for each
publication category, which shows the receipts of establishments responding to the industryspecific inquiry as a percent of total receipts for all establishments for which data are shown. For
some inquiries, coverage is determined by the ratio of total payroll or employment of establishments responding to the inquiry to total payroll or employment of all establishments in the category.
CONCENTRATION CATEGORIES
Concentration categories are based on aggregate receipts of all establishments operated by the
same firm in a given kind-of-business classification or group for which data are presented. For
example, a firm operating two service establishments a motion picture film laboratory (NAICS
512199) and a sound recording studio (NAICS 512240) would be treated as two oneestablishment firms at the most detailed NAICS level, and as a two-establishment firm in NAICS
512.
DISCLOSURE
In accordance with federal law governing census reports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no
data are published that would disclose the operations of an individual establishment or business.
However, the number of establishments in a kind-of-business classification is not considered a disclosure; therefore, this information may be released even though other information is withheld.
Techniques employed to limit disclosure are discussed at
www.census.gov/epcd/ec02/disclosure.htm.
Information
Appendix C C3
Appendix D.
Geographic Notes

Appendix D D1
Appendix E.
Metropolitan and Micropolitan
Statistical Areas

Appendix E
E1
EC02-51I-03
2002

Information
Industry Series
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Issued August 2004

2002 Economic Census

U.S. Department of Commerce