This document provides an overview of the telecommunication systems used by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC). It acknowledges the training received from DMRC and its staff. It then discusses the history of DMRC and describes the key telecommunication departments and systems in use, including fiber optic telephone systems, transmission exchanges, clocks, and networks. It provides details on synchronous digital hierarchy, access multiplexing, and the electronic private automatic branch exchange phone system.
This document provides an overview of the telecommunication systems used by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC). It acknowledges the training received from DMRC and its staff. It then discusses the history of DMRC and describes the key telecommunication departments and systems in use, including fiber optic telephone systems, transmission exchanges, clocks, and networks. It provides details on synchronous digital hierarchy, access multiplexing, and the electronic private automatic branch exchange phone system.
This document provides an overview of the telecommunication systems used by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC). It acknowledges the training received from DMRC and its staff. It then discusses the history of DMRC and describes the key telecommunication departments and systems in use, including fiber optic telephone systems, transmission exchanges, clocks, and networks. It provides details on synchronous digital hierarchy, access multiplexing, and the electronic private automatic branch exchange phone system.
This document provides an overview of the telecommunication systems used by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC). It acknowledges the training received from DMRC and its staff. It then discusses the history of DMRC and describes the key telecommunication departments and systems in use, including fiber optic telephone systems, transmission exchanges, clocks, and networks. It provides details on synchronous digital hierarchy, access multiplexing, and the electronic private automatic branch exchange phone system.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my sincere gratitude to DELHI METRO RAIL CORPORATION for training
me and providing me with the technical knowledge in the Signal &Telecommunication Department of Delhi Metro Rail Corporation(BRKR) I am thankful to Mr. Sunil Pathakk and his staff, for their active technical and administrative support.
Brief history Planning for the metro started in 1984, when the Delhi Development Authority and the Urban Arts Commission came up with a proposal for developing a multi- modal transport system for the city. The Government of India and the Government of Delhi jointly set up the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) in 1995.Construction started in 1998, and The first section, on the Red Line, opened in 2002, Followed by the Yellow Line in 2004, The Blue Line in 2005, its branch line in 2009, The Green and Violet Lines in 2010 and The Delhi Airport Metro Express in 2011.
Telecommunication department It is the department of DMRC, which deals with the protection, supervision and operation of the train. In short it the department that manages the metro traffic on the rails. Transmission of information is possible through co-axial cables, wireless media, fibre optics. Communication at a distance by electronics transmission of impulses, as by telegraph, cable, telephone, radio, or television constitutes telecommunication.
Telecom system The different types of telecom system are used in DMRC which are of following types. 1. Fiber Optics Telephone System [FOTS] 2. Transmission Exchange/EPABX 3. AFC 4. PIDS/PAS 5. CCTV 6. RADIO
Clocks Clock system is used to provide accurate time to staff, passengers and time reference to systems at DMRC. Accurate and synchronized time information is obtained from Global Positioning System (GPS) by Master Clock at OCC The equipments which require time reference are: ATS AFC SDH EPABX CCTV PIDS/PAS CLOCKS RADIO
Some other sources of time are: GPS PRC (ATOMIC CLOCK) NTP (NETWORKING TIME PROTOCOL)
The preferences of time sources are: GPS>PRC>NTP Atomic clock is crystal oscillator which generates frequency of 2.043 MHz by taking input of time pulse. Thus, PRC is a more reliable source than the GPS.
Types of clock used at the stations:
1) Digital Clock: In DMRC single-sided and double sided clocks are used. LED segment of high luminance provide excellent readability of display from all view angles. Manual or automatic adjustment of LED display light intensity. Since digital clocks have memory, they keep working when they stop receiving data from sub-master clock.
Basic properties: Digit height 57, 100 or 180 mm which corresponds to readability of approximately 25, 40 or 65 m. Manual or automatic adjustment of LED display light intensity. Time Display in 12 or 24 hour cycle, 4 digit (HH: DD) or 6 digit (HH:MM:SS) format. Digits of same Height on request (HH:MM:SS); Optionally 4 digit or 6 digit Format (Including Indications of the year). 8 digit display format on request (Time: HH: MM; date: DD: MM)
2) Analog Clock: Double sided analog clocks have been used at platforms and concourse zone in DMRC. These clocks gets time information from Sub-Master Clock through feed box and stop working when they stop receiving data.
Fots It is the transmission system that uses optical fiber as communication media. Thus optical fiber communication is the method of transmitting information through optical fibers. FOTS can be termed as the backbone of DMRC telecommunication network. Fiber optics eases up the data and voice communication or access to various systems at different stations. This network is based on fiber optical cables on both sides of the track. The number of fibers is determined in order to comply with redundancy. The fiber is redundant for security and protection. In case of fiber optic failure, communication can take place via spare fiber while the fiber that is down may be fixed.
The FOTS has a high speed of transmission (Tx). It works on a high bandwidth with a range of 1310 nm to 1550 nm. In case FOTS the transmission takes place for larger distances as compared to copper wires in which the data loss occurs. In FOTS the interferences do not occur which occur in the copper wires.
FOTS is further differently prescribed in following ways SDH Access Mux Networks
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) are standardized multiplexing protocols that transfer multiple digital bit streams over optical fiber using lasers or highly coherent light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs). At low transmission rates data can also be transferred via an electrical interface. The method was developed to replace the Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) system for transporting large amounts of telephone calls and data traffic over the same fiber without synchronization problems The STM-1 (Synchronous Transport Module, level 1) frame is the basic transmission format for SDHthe first level of the synchronous digital hierarchy. The STM-1 frame is transmitted in exactly 125 s; therefore, there are 8,000 frames per second on a 155.52 Mbit/s OC-3 fiber-optic circuit.
The SDH is used due to the following reasons: Simpler multiplexing: A low SDH level can be directly identified from higher SDH level. Simple D&I of traffic channels: It allows a direct access to lower level systems without synchronization. Allows mixing of ANSI and ETSI PDH systems SDH is open for new applications: SDH can carry PDH, ATM, HDTV, MAN, IP, etc. SDH provides TMN (ECCs): SDH helps in providing the centralized network control.
The Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) helps to convert the electrical signals into optical signals. It helps to maintain the data rate through the speed of transmission. The data is transmitted in SDH through E-1 link that has a speed of 2.048 mbps. If the data rate in case of SDH is less then Access Mux and PDH are added to it. Access mux In telecommunications and computer networks, multiplexing (also known as muxing) is a method by which multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are combined into one signal over a shared medium. In DMRC, the Time Division Multiplexing is used. The Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a digital technology. TDM involves sequencing groups of a few bits or bytes from each individual input stream, one after the other, and in such a way that they can be associated with the appropriate receive. In DMRC, the Time Division Multiplexing is used. The Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a digital technology. TDM involves sequencing groups of a few bits or bytes from each individual input stream, one after the other, and in such a way that they can be associated with the appropriate receive. If data rate is less than 64 Mbps then, it is termed as sub-rate. If data rate is more than 64 Mbps then it is termed as super rate. Access-MUX is used for systems requiring transfer rate below 2.048 Mbps.
Networks It consists of two or more computers that communicates and share their information. Three types of network are: LAN (Local Area Network) WAN (Wide Area Network) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
OSI Layers (Open System Interconnection): OSI is the name for the set of standards for communicating among computers. The primary purpose of OSI standards is to serve the structural guideline for exchanging information between computers, workstations and networks.
Epabx EPABX is stands for Electronics Private Automatic Branch Exchange. For purpose of planting communication link between different stations, DMRC has its self- sustained telephone exchange. This system works on -48 V DC from SMPS. Data is processed at a rate of 64k bps.
The EPABX has the following two uses: It provides interface for all phones It helps in switching.
There are two types of hooks in EPABX. These are: On hook: There is no flow of current in this hook. Off hook: The current starts flowing in this hook.
The EPABX has different functions. The functions are as follows: EPABX gives a dial tone. It prepares a dialing register. It helps in call switching. Ring voltage and RBT. Supervise. Call billing.
There are two exchanges used by DMRC: Siemens: Siemens is a communication server. The model no. used is HI PATH 4000. OMNI PCX: This exchange is two types: M2: This exchange is used at stations where the number of users is less. There are maximum 14 slots in this exchange. M3: This exchange is used at all the depots and the OCC. There are two shelves in this exchange. The maximum number of slots in this exchange is 56. These 56 slots are divided into the two shelves as 28 each. There are two networks used in DMRC: EPABX: This acts as the administration. Direct Line Network: This is used only by the concerned higher authorities. These networks are used when the network is congested like in the season of festivals, in case of emergency, in any tragic situations, etc. CPU: A CPU has all the priority information saved. This has a power to connect or disconnect any call or connection whenever it requires doing so in any emergency.
AFC AFC Department of DMRC deals with the fare collection system. DMRC uses automatic fare collecting machines. The AFC machines are installed at the entry of the station. DMRC classified AFC in various things :- 1.Ticket Office Machine (TOM) The Ticket Office Machine (TOM) is a ticket transport semiautomatic vending and consulting machine, handling Contactless Smart Cards and Tokens. The Ticket Office Machine is operated by an authorised operator to sell, add value, refund, replace, analyse cards and eventually make adjustment in case of surcharge detection. At the same time, passengers can follow the operations with help of the patron display.
2.GATES Equipment which controls the access of patrons from free area to paid area & vice versa according to business rules that device, which demarcates the paid & unpaid area, is known as a Gate. There are two types of gates: ENTRY ONLY This gate is only used for the entry. From this gate passenger cant exit or leave the concourse EXIT ONLY This gate is only used for the Exit. From this gate passenger cant take entry. HYBRID/BIDIRECTINAL This type of gate is used for physically challenged people. It is wider than the simple gate and is appropriate for any standard wheel chair to pass through.
3.TOKENS These are the advanced tickets used in DMRC. It is used for Travelling or Entry in the Metro Stations. There are two types of tickets by which we can do our journey: Contact less smart token: It is a coin like device, which has a chip in which read & write operation can be performed. It also consists of a coil, which is charged through electromagnetic induction on interaction with the gate. A special machine known as R/W module is used for the R/W operation in token.
Contact less smart card: The external structure of CSC is like an ATM card or a credit card, in which R/W & processing operation take place. It has an electromagnetic coil at its edges, which is used for taking power through radio waves, which is in micro volts. Before using it, it is initialized i.e. password is encoded by DMRC through bulk initialization machine during manufacturing.
TOKEN TYPES Contact less Smart Token Contact less Smart Card Single Journey Token Stored Value Type Return Journey Token Tourist Type Free Exit Token Agent Type
4.EMERGENCY SWITCH.
First Step for emergency is to use the GRCU in emergency mode. In case of problem use the emergency switch in the EFO. But because gates will be powered off you will lose the control of Gates. The Emergency switch located in the EFO in front of the gate array is used to power off all the gate machines so that all the flap are automatically open to facilitate the escape of patrons through the passages
Pids/pas Need of PIDS/PAS: DMRC, being a Public Transport System, requires PIDS/PAS to address Passenger/Staff about: Emergency and Evacuation Information, in case of any Emergency in DMRC System. Real-Time Train Arrival/Departure Information at Stations. Public awareness, Safety and Security related Information. The bilingual Information (English & Hindi) is displayed in written form on the display panels and is synchronized with voice announcements played in PAS Zones in Stations. Mode of Operation: Automatic Mode (No User intervention is required) Manual Mode (Station/OCC) Timed Mode i.e. Scheduling Mode (Station/OCC)
The Operational Control Center: this refers to all the equipments installed in the OCC. the details are : Server Assistant to Chief Controller PIDS /PAS workstation PIDS Backup Control Panel The Station System: this refers to all the equipments installed in the terminal stations. the details are : WorkStation Ultra Bright LED Panels
Central Passenger Information System: it is located at OCC and includes the system server and the Assistant Chief Controller Workstation. The Remote Passenger Information System: It is located at each station and includes the station server, the station MMI (Man Machine Interface) position and Ultra Bright LED Panels. The station server located in each station receives periodic data at location information from the OCC server. In this manner it manages and controls the local Ultra Bright LED Panels. Passenger Address System (PAS) It is one of the systems that create a user friendly ambience in the DMRC computer services and it plays a very important role as well. As of date this system receives information from the TIMS (management software) which is something similar to train timetable as per the present time it sends information to this system and the address is made. This is one of the reasons that a universal clock is required and that is the reason the network is incorporated with a master clock server. The scheme is such that the train driver has information about the timings and he has to see that the train reaches a particular station as per the time frame it has been allotted, which is similar to normal railways. The thing that is making it a little bit different from the railway is that this timetable is a static one and so fixed and is totally computerized while that in the railways is a dynamic one and it is user controlled
CCTV The main purpose of the CCTV surveillance system is to provide the real time surveillance and recording system by using IP CCTV system Equipment .The CCTV monitoring is done locally at every station as well as remotely at respective OCC. Facility for the Failover mode of central management server (BOSCH VMS & VRM) at each OCC and failover recording at each station is also provided. The system will cover platform area, concourse area as well as certain area in car park at each station. The CCTV system is based on the latest network video technology, making use of sophisticated computer controlled systems, and high sensitivity colour CCD cameras both Fixed and PTZ. The station surveillance CCTV system will be accessed for monitoring important areas by using the station surveillance CCTV control equipment located in the TER at the each stations and the OCC for the following locations - Key areas of the concourse such as the ticketing area, AFC etc. Monitoring entraining and detraining of passengers at the platform. Monitoring the car parking area.
CAMERAS 1.Fixed Indoor CCTV Camera The BOSCH LTC 0455/11 provided at the underground and elevated stations are compact rugged, 1/3-inch image format digital color CCD cameras. Their superior sensitivity, resolution and picture quality provide optimal performance in virtually all situations. This fully automatic camera is ready to work for you, and is easy to install in even the most demanding applications. On-screen Displays (OSD) provide quick and easy access to all camera features.
2.PTZ/ Dome CCTV Camera The VG4-313-ECS0P Day/Night Auto Dome camera with housing mounting provided at the underground and elevated stations offers all of the features needed for any surveillance application. Auto Dome lets you focus on details missed by other cameras. Image control and quality are integral aspects of any indoor surveillance system. The VG4-313-ECS0P Day/Night Auto Dome camera offers 26X optical zoom lenses and a full 12x digital zoom once the end of the optical zoom is reached. In addition, the patented scaling feature ensures that you have optimal control for viewing at all zoom settings.
The CCTV system will be synchronised with the master clock system. In case of failure of one OCC, the backup servers at other OCC will take over the complete control thus allowing all the operators/station to continue working with full control of the system. There is one video wall in each OCC. There are workstations (MMIs) with the Chief controller, traffic controller. A work station in the security control room for Security Controller. A Nortel core switch is provided & configured at each OCC by FOTS contractor.
MMI for Operators on Elevated Stations For local monitoring at station, MMI will be provided at: Station Control Room ( SCR) Police Control Booth (PB)
The MMI Comprises of: Workstation with Dual 22 LCD monitors PC Keyboard & Mouse CCTV Keyboard with Joystick.
Using the configuration client software the MMI can be customized for each type of operators. 5.3.2 The Client MMI on LCD monitor will have a tree like structure giving the list of cameras for which the operator currently logged-in is authorized to see as well as the maps of the platform with cameras seeded on the actual locations. The video can be dragged and viewed in any of the video windows available within the GUI. The Second LCD can be used as spot monitor where normally a set of important cameras is always viewed and in case of alarm the alarm cameras can be popped up in full screen mode
Ebts / radio EBTS stands for enhanced base transceiver system. EBTS is another important equipment of DMRC. This system enables the access to the radio services while roaming within the radio coverage. EBTS provides all the remote site functionality. EBTS has all features of mobile communication and broadcasting of any information which are not available with the telephone system. The radio communications system is designed for providing system-wide voice and data communication to support the operation and maintenance for Delhi Mass Rapid Transport System (DMRTS). It provides two-way voice and data radio communication throughout the operational areas of DMRTS, to provide efficient and effective train radio dispatching operation for Barakhambha OCC. One more plus point of this system is that it adds to the level of redundancy to the communication network of DMRC if FOTS (Fiber Optical Transmission system) breaks down as whole communication between the source and destination does not takes place through FOTS. This system transfers data at a rate of 128 kbps.
THE NEED OF RADIO SYSTEM IN DMRC IS DUE TO THE FOLLOWING REASONS: Communicate with other trains. One too many group communication. Decodes the encrypted language.
The system provides services to three groups of users: Radio Users The mobile users in the system that can roam throughout the radio coverage area provided by the system. The radio users access the system services using Mobile Stations that communicate with the Base Stations in the infrastructure using the TETRA air-interface protocol.
Controllers The users at fixed locations that have access to advanced features and facilities provided by the system. These features enable Controllers to efficiently communicate with and manage fleets of mobile users.
Network Managers responsible for managing and maintaining the Dimetra IP system. The system provides numerous applications that allow the network managers to efficiently manage the system.
Wireless transmission has the advantage of not having to install physical connections at every point, but is limited to Line of Sight (LOS). EBTS sites are place 25 to 75 miles apart. Thus, DMRC has total 15 EBTS sites out of which 9 EBTS sites are at line3. EBTS sites are similar to an antenna except for one thing i.e., it requires GPS synchronization signal through the GPS. Underground areas cannot have EBTS sites hence, Leaky Co-axial Cables (LCX) are used, with Bidirectional Antenna (BDA).
Essential features of an EBTS system: Leaky Coaxial Cable: When the signals in the underground trains get weak, these signals are maintained back through the leaky coaxial cables Outside Telephone Communications: This feature is the one by which all tetra calls can be made to an outside network. Cost Saving: This system is cheap as compared to others. PA from Radio: This system helps to make announcements in case of emergencies immediately.
Requirements for Radio communication:
Antenna: The antennas are put at the appropriate locations throughout the spread of the network. EBTS/MTS: The EBTS helps in local data transmission. It consists of two links: E-1 link, with a speed of 2 mbps, and X-21 link, with a speed of 128 kbps. Leaky Coaxial Cable: When the signals in the underground trains get weak, these signals are maintained back through the leaky coaxial cables. Bidirectional Amplifier (BDA): When the signals are lost in underground stations, BDA helps to replicate the signals.