Tutorial

SWINBURNE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SARAWAK CAMPUS
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, COMPUTING AND SCIENCE

TUTORIAL 1 / SEM 2 2014
INTRODUCTION TO HEAT TRANSFER
1. How does the science of heat transfer differ from the science of thermodynamics?
2. Review any standard text on thermodynamics and define: a) Heat, b) Internal energy, c) Work,
d) Enthalpy.
3. What is the driving force for (a) heat transfer, (b) electric current flow, and (c) fluid flow?
4. What is heat flux? How is it related to the heat transfer rate?
5. An ideal gas is heated from 50C to 80C (a) at constant volume and (b) at constant pressure. For
Which case do you think the energy required will be greater? Why?
6. Define thermal conductivity and explain its significance in heat transfer.
7. What are the mechanisms of heat transfer? How are they distinguished from each other?
8. Write down the expressions for the physical laws that govern each mode of heat transfer, and
identify the variables involved in each relation.
9. Define emissivity and absorptivity. What is Kirchhoffs law of radiation?
10. An aluminium pan whose thermal conductivity is 237 W/m
0
C has a flat bottom with diameter 15 cm
and thickness 0.4 cm. Heat is transferred steadily to boiling water in the pan through its bottom at a
rate of 800 W. If the inner surface of the bottom of the pan is at 105
0
C, determine the temperature of
the outer surface of the bottom of the pan. (Ans. T
2
=105.76
0
C)
11. One face of a copper plate 3 cm thick is maintained at 400
0
C, and the other face is maintained at
100
0
C. how much heat is transferred through the plate. (Ans. q= 3.7 MW/m
2
)
12. Air at 20
0
C blows over a hot plate 50 by 75 cm maintained at 250
0
C. The convection heat transfer
Coefficient is 25 W/m
20
C. Calculate the heat transfer. (Ans. Q = 2.156kW)
13. A hollow spherical iron container with outer diameter 20cm and thickness 0.4 cm is filled with iced
water at 0
0
C. If the outer surface temperature is 5
0
C, determine the approximate rate of heat loss
from the sphere, in kW, and the rate at which ice melts in the container. The heat of fusion of water
is 333.7 kJ /kg. (Ans. Q=12632 W, m=0.038 kg/s)
14. The wall of a furnace is constructed from 15 cm thick fire brick having constant thermal conductivity
of 1.7 W/m.K. The two sides of the wall are maintained at 1400 K and 1150 K, respectively. What is
the rate of heat loss through the wall which is 50 cm X 3 m on a side. (Ans. Q= 4250 W)
15. An electric current is passed through a wire 1 mm in diameter and 10 cm long. The wire is
submerged in liquid water at atmospheric pressure, and the current is increased until the water boils.
For this situation h=5000W/m
20
C, and the water temperature will be 100
0
C. How much electric
power must be supplied to the wire to maintain the wire surface at 114
0
C? (Ans. A=3.14210
-4
m
2
,
Q=21.99 W)
16. Two infinite black plates at 800 and 300
0
C exchange heat by radiation. Calculate the heat transfer
per unit area. (Ans. q= 69.03 kW/m
3
)
17. A refrigerator stands in a room, where air temperature is 21
0
C. The surface temperature on the
outside of the refrigerator is 16
0
C. The sides are 30 mm thick and has an equivalent thermal
conductivity of 0.10 W/m.K. The heat transfer coefficient on the outside is 10 W/m
2
.K. Assume one
dimensional conduction through the sides, calculate the net heat flow rate and the inside surface
temperature of the refrigerator. (Ans. q=50 W/m
2
, T = 1
0
C)
18. A black surface is positioned in a vacuum container so that it absorbs incident solar radiant energy at
the rate of 950 W/m
2
. If the surface conducts no heat to its surroundings, determine its equilibrium
temperature. (Ans. T=359.78 K)
19. Name some good conductor of heat; some poor conductor.
20. Consider a person whose exposed surface area is 1.7 m
2
, emissivity is 0.5, and surface temperature is
32
0
C. Determine the rate of heat loss from the person by radiation in a large room having walls at a
temperature of (a) 300 K and (b) 280 K. (Ans. a) Q=26.7 W, b) Q=121 W) .
21. The boiling temperature of nitrogen at atmospheric pressure at sea level (1 atm) is -196
0
C. Therefore,
nitrogen is commonly used in low temperature scientific studies since the temperature of liquid
nitrogen in a tank open to the atmosphere remains constant at -196
0
C until the liquid nitrogen in the
tank is depleted. Any heat transfer to the tank results in the evaporation of some liquid nitrogen,
which has a heat of vaporization of 198 kJ /kg and a density of 810 kg/m
3
at 1 atm. Consider a 4 m
diameter spherical tank initially filled with liquid nitrogen at 1 atm and -196
0
C. The tank is exposed
to 20
0
C ambient air with a heat transfer coefficient of 25 W/m
20
C. The temperature of the thin-
shelled spherical tank is observed to be almost the same as the temperature of the nitrogen inside.
Disregarding any radiation heat exchange, determine the rate of evaporation of the liquid nitrogen in
the tank as a result of the heat transfer from the ambient air. (Ans. Q=271430 W, m=1.37 kg/s)

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SWINBURNE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SARAWAK CAMPUS

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, COMPUTING AND SCIENCE

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