ETHICS:

Ethics, also known as moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that

addresses questions about moralitythat is, concepts such as good and evil, right and
wrong, virtue and vice, justice, etc.
ETHICAL CODES:
An ethical code is adopted by an organization in an attempt to assist those in
the organization called upon to make a decision (usually most, if not all understand
the difference between !right! and !wrong! and to apply this understanding to their
decision
ENGINEERINGANDSOCIETY
o "ifference between #cience and $ngineering.
o #ocietal values (and resulting priorities do not necessarily define the bounds,
direction or scope of scientific curiosity.
o %t is often not possible to determine relevance of a particular field of scientific
inquiry to the future needs of society.
Sector A: intersection of purely
analytical talents with the engineering
domain.
&his may be used to represent
engineering science, ability to model
comple' systems and predict their
response to various inputs under various
conditions.
Sector C: the intersection of our
creative capacity with the engineering
domain
can be viewed as representing those
sudden intuitive leaps often responsible
for revolutionary advances in technology
called (significant novelty
The third sector ) the intersection
of knowledge and need with both
creative and analytical capability
*an be used to represent engineering
design and much (real world( problem
solving. &his sector includes activities
ranging from developing innovative
products and processes, to creating an
innovative bridge design, to developing a
new control process for petrochemical
production

CODE O! ETHICS:
+ften focuses on social issues. %t may set out general principles about an
organization!s beliefs on matters such as mission, quality, privacy or the environment.
%t may delineate proper procedures to determine whether a violation of the code of
ethics has occurred and, if so, what remedies should be imposed. &he effectiveness of
such codes of ethics depends on the e'tent to which management supports them with
sanctions and rewards. ,iolations of a private organization!s code of ethics usually can
subject the violator to the organization!s remedies (such as restraint of trade based on
moral principles. &he code of ethics links to and gives rise to a code of conduct for
employees.
CODE O! COND"CT
A document designed to influence the behavior of employees. &hey set out the
procedures to be used in specific ethical situations, such as conflicts of interest or the
acceptance of gifts, and delineate the procedures to determine whether a violation of
the code of ethics occurred and, if so, what remedies should be imposed. &he
effectiveness of such codes of ethics depends on the e'tent to which management
supports them with sanctions and rewards. ,iolations of a code of conduct may
subject the violator to the organization!s remedies which can under particular
circumstances result in the termination of employment.
CODE O! #RACTICE
Adopted by a profession or by a governmental or non-governmental organization to
regulate that profession. A code of practice may be styled as a code of professional
responsibility, which will discuss difficult issues, difficult decisions that will often
need to be made, and provide a clear account of what behavior is considered (ethical(
or (correct( or (right( in the circumstances. %n a membership conte't, failure to
comply with a code of practice can result in e'pulsion from the professional
organization.
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Applied ethics or professional ethics that e'amines ethical principles and moral or
ethical problems that arise in a business environment
*ommon violations include)
Conflicts of interest.
&his occurs where the same lawyer or firm is representing both sides in a lawsuit,
or previously represented one side. %n countries with the adversarial system of justice,
a conflict of interest violates the right of each client to the undivided, zealous loyalty
of his lawyer. *onflicts may also occur if the lawyer!s ability to represent a client is
materially limited by the lawyer!s loyalty to another client, a personal relationship, or
other reasons.
Incompetent representation.
Attorneys have a duty to provide competent representation, and the failure to
observe deadlines or conduct thorough research is considered a breach of ethics.
Mishandling of client money.
*lients often advance money to lawyers for a variety of reasons. &he money must
be kept in special client trust accounts until it is actually earned by the lawyer or spent
on court fees or other e'penses.
Fee-splitting arrangements.
Attorneys may not split fees with non-attorneys, or with other attorneys who have
not worked on the matter for which the client is represented.
Disclosure of confidential information.
2awyers are under a strict duty of confidentiality to keep information received in
the course of their representations secret. Absent law to the contrary, lawyers may not
reveal or use this information to the detriment of their clients.
Communication with represented parties.
An attorney may not communicate directly with a person who they know to be
represented by counsel with respect to a matter for which the attorney is seeking to
communicate. 3or e'ample, in a civil suit, the plaintiff!s attorney may not speak to the
defendant directly if the attorney knows that the defendant is represented by counsel
without their attorney!s e'press consent.
Improper solicitation and advertising.
Attorneys generally may not solicit business by personally offering their services to
potential clients who are not already close friends or family members. Advertising by
attorneys is also strictly regulated, to prevent puffery and other misleading assertions
regarding potential results.
#RO!ESSIONAL RES#ONSIILITY AND
ENGINEERING ETHICS:
%nteraction of an engineer to others) clients, society, employers, employees, and to
the engineering profession
&opics such as
#afety and 4elfare of the 5ublic and of *lients
5rofessional $thics
2egal 2iabilities of $ngineers
$nvironmental 6esponsibilities
7uality
*ommunications
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&he 3undamental 5rinciples
$ngineers uphold and advance the integrity, honor, and dignity of the $ngineering
profession by)
%. using their knowledge and skill for the enhancement of human welfare;
%%. being honest and impartial, and serving with fidelity the public, their
employers and clients; and
%%%. #triving to increase the competence and prestige of the engineering
profession
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Fundamental Canons
$ngineers shall hold paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public
and shall strive to comply with the principles of sustainable development in
the performance of their professional duties.
$ngineers shall perform services only in areas of their competence.
$ngineers shall issue public statements only in an objective and truthful
manner.
$ngineers shall act in professional matters for each employer or client as
faithful agents or trustees, and shall avoid conflicts of interest.
$ngineers shall build their professional reputation on the merit of their
services and shall not compete unfairly with others.
$ngineers shall act in such a manner as to uphold and enhance the honor,
integrity, and dignity of the engineering profession and shall act with zero-
tolerance for bribery, fraud, and corruption.
$ngineers shall continue their professional development throughout their
careers, and shall provide opportunities for the professional development of
those engineers under their supervision.=
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$oti%atio&
:ood communication is essential to engineering success.
/nfortunately, both written and oral skills are often ignored in engineering
schools
&oday we have many engineers with e'cellent ideas and a strong case to
make, but they don>t know how to make that case.
Comm'&icatio&
4riting
+ral communication
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Ambiguity (reader can>t tell what is meant
%ncomplete (significant details omitted
/nsupported finding or position (missing or unconvincing data or logic or poorly
organized (logic is not obvious
Arrogance (assumes other viewpoints can>t be supported
$rrors of grammar, spelling, style (leads to loss of credibility, just like technical
errors will lead to loss of credibility
&oo long (reader doesn>t have time to absorb it
(RITING (ELL
3ive #tep 6ecipe
@. +utline in detail.
A. 4rite freely.
B. $dit critically.
C. 6ead out loud.
D. 1ave a colleague proofread.
@-+/&2%0$
A basic outline is the first step toward successful writing.
#uch an outline should contain the major headings that guide the flow of the work
it should also contain subheadings with bullets that highlight and order the major
points within each section.
$ach document is different, thus we should not feel compelled to force our
presentation to fit within the confines of a particular outline
A basic outline is the first step toward successful writing.
it organizes the flow of the presentation and reminds us to address particularly
important issues.
Additional bulleting within each subsection further directs the writing.
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.y writing freely, we mean the unencumbered recording of a logical thought
process.
"elays the fatigue and frustration of editing to the ne't stage
%t is often useful to disable the spell-and grammar-checking capabilities of word
processors during the initial writing, for they contribute to the distractions of worrying
about the initial spelling of words, ordering of phrases, and even punctuation.
At this early stage of composition, the most important thing is to get the major
ideas onto paper (or the screen and organized roughly in the right order
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.egins once the first draft is ready
&ypically includes adding, deleting, and rearranging te't.
&he fundamental components of any technical document are sentences and
paragraphs)
#entence) is a grammatical unit typically consisting of a subject and a predicate
(which tells something about the subject
5aragraph) grammatical unit typically consisting of multiple sentences that together
e'press a complete thought.
8any suggest)
o &he lead sentence of each paragraph should introduce the main idea of that
paragraph
o &he final sentence of each paragraph should summarize the main thought.
$diting strategy
@. reading the first and last paragraphs of the document to ensure a consistent
introduction and conclusion
A. reading the first sentence of each successive paragraph to ensure that the
work flows logically
B. A careful evaluation sentence by sentence
C. An evaluation word by word.
C-6$A" +/& 2+/"
Although this step may seem trivial or perhaps uncomfortable, it is amazing how
sensitive the ear is to effective writing different tenses, logical sequencing,
unintentional rhymes, the overuse of certain words, and so forth.
4e strongly recommend, therefore, that one read the document out loud before
going to the final step, asking a colleague to provide constructive criticism.
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$ven though we may know best what needs to be said, the definition of an effective
paper, proposal, report, or book is one that is understood and valued by others this
is the goal of effective communication.
%f you ask someone to proofread your work, make sure to tell them that you want
them to be Ebrutally honest= rather than overly concerned about being critical.
+nce you receive the feedback, be careful to avoid the two most common
responses)
o %gnore the comments because you Eknow= that you were correct in the first
place
o %ncorporate the suggested changes without questioning
3inally, remember that it is good to keep marked manuscripts to evaluate them for
possible consistent errors or patterns.
ORAL CO$$"NICATION
8otivation
4ritten documents and oral presentations both reflect one>s professional reputation.
&he oral presentation is unique in that it can serve as the all-important Efirst
impression.=
%f a talk is lucid and enjoyable, those in the audience will likely seek out the
speaker again; if a talk is poorly organized and boring, it may be the last time that
they seek to hear the speaker
E!!ECTI)E #RESENTATION STYLE:
@. #tart with a strong and persistent drive.
A. ?now thoroughly what you are going to talk about.
B. Act confident.
C. 5ractice, practice, practice.
NOTES ON THE E!!ECTI)E STYLE:
$ffective oral presentations do not just occur, even with e'perience one must
resolve to learn to present well and to continue to improve.
&he old adage Epractice makes perfect= is certainly true, but there is one caveat.
+ne can practice a bad talk over and over, but it need not improve.
+ne>s practice should include peers constructively criticizing both the technical
material and the method of presentation;
it is better to make mistakes among friends and to receive helpful suggestions or
corrections before the actual presentation.
NON)ERAL CO$$"NICATION
$ye *ontact
"o we look the other person in the eye and reveal our interest or do we look at
other people or things while they are talkingF
3acial $'pressions
"o we change our facial e'pressions appropriately to reveal sympathy or
understanding or do we remain stoic
*+,$IN"TE #RESENTATION
9ou need to find a way to describe in a short period, often @A to AG minutes, a project
that you may have worked on for months or years.
you will generally make a much more positive impression if you present less
information well.
A good rule of thumb is to prepare appro'imately one slide per allowed minute of
presentation,
%ncluding the first (title and last (acknowledgment slides, which need not be
discussed.
THE !IRST SLIDE A!TER THE TITLE SLIDE
#hould capture the audience>s attention.
8ultiple suggested ways to capture the audience>s attention immediately)
arousing curiosity,
relating a human interest story,
.eginning with a specific illustration,
using an e'hibit,
asking a question,
opening with a striking quotation,
showing how the topic affects the vital interest of the audience,
#tarting with a shocking fact.
THE CONCL"SION SLIDE
3inishing well is equally important to effective presentations.
&he conclusion is often that which the audience remembers best.
&wo of the best words to end with are Ethank you.=
-"ESTION AND ANS(ER #ERIOD
%mportant to obtain valuable suggestions and guidance during this e'change.
&hree useful guidelines)
@. 6epeat the question both to ensure that you address what was really asked
and to help the audience hear both question and answer.
A. .e respectful even if the questioner is antagonistic or if the question is truly
a Edumb= question;
B. %f you do not know the answer to the question, say that you do not know.
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O./ecti%e
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#ro/ect Sta0es
5roblem analysis and Awareness
"esign of #olution and enforcement mechanism
Applying solution in the field
*ontinuous follow-up
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O./ecti%es:
#tudy the problem and associated issues related to it from different perspectives
and collect all the necessary information for designing and enforcing solution
*reate a public awareness of the problem and its diverse effects
Tas1s:
5roblem #tudy
"efine current associated sub-problems
$ngineering, $thical, and $conomical point of views
*ollect public opinion through questioner and polls
*ollect some media (photos, video to be used in successive stages
"efine some quantitative measures of success
5ublic Awareness