File 5 : Australia

Past habit: used to

The plan of the seance





Sequence 1 : Phonetic symbols

Sequence 2: Vowels

Sequence 3: Diphthongs


Sequence 4: Consonant clusters









Sequence 1 Reading


Australia

How much do you know about Australia?
Read this text carefully to know more about this country.



50,000 BC nomads arrived on the continent, probably coming from
Indonesia. Their descendants, the Aborigines, have tried to preserve their culture
throughout the centuries.
In the early 1600s Dutch and Portuguese explorers discovered the Western
coast of Australia and in 1770 Captain Cook, an English officer, discovered New
Zealand and the eastern coast.
In 1788 the first colony of New South Wales was founded. Britain used to
transport prisoners to Australia where they constructed roads and worked on the

lands which were given to the British soldiers. In 1868 transportation was
abolished.
In the 1805s gold was discovered and the number of settlers from England,
Ireland, America and China increased. The gold diggers used to push the Aborigines
off the land they were living on, and even kill them.
In 1901 Australia became an independent nation composed of six states and two
territories.
After the Second World War an immigration programme was set up to
increase Australias population and more than a million European and Asian
immigrants have come to live there.
The Aborigines, who used to be marginalised were finally recognized as full
Australian citizens in 1962.
Activity 1 :
How many paragraphs are there in this text?




Activity 2 :
Complete this table writing the words in the
appropriate column.















Countries mentioned in the text People / nationalities mentioned in
the text

Indonesia

.

.

.

.

..





.

.

.

.

.

.

..
Activity 3 :
Answer these questions:



1. When did Captain Cook discover New Zealand?


2. What did prisoners use to do in Australia?
.

3. Why did the gold diggers push the Aborigines off their lands?
..


Activity 4 :
Write the questions for these answers.



1. .....?
In the early 1600s.

2. .?
An English explorer.

3. .?
To increase Australias population.


Activity 5 :
Match the words in A with their opposites in B
B A

A B

1.descendants

1. early

2. first

3. a lot

4. increase

a. few

b. ancestors

c. reduce

d. late

e. last



Activity 6 :
What or who do the underlined words in the
text refer to?


- where they constructed . ...........

- they were living .

- to live there. .

Sequence 2 Structure Practice


Look at these examples:
Britain used to transport prisoners to Australia.
Britain transported prisoners in the past, but now it doesnt.

The gold diggers used to push the Aborigines off their lands.
The gold diggers pushed the Aborigines off their
lands in the past, but now they dont.
Activity 1 :
Reminder

- We use used to followed by an infinitive to say that an
action regularly happened in the past but no longer
happens, or a past routine.
eg: He used to smoke. (He smoked in the past, but now
he doesnt.).
- Used to has no present tense.

Affirmative Negative Interrogative
- He used to
study hard.
- I used to play
tennis a lot.
- He didnt use
to study hard.
- I didnt use to
play tennis a
lot.
- Did he use to
study hard?
- Did you use to play
tennis a lot?


- Do not confuse used to with the ordinary verb to use,
meaning employ.

Rewrite these sentences using: used to
:


1. He lived in Tlemcen when he was a young boy.
....

2. People travelled on horseback.
...

3. She was a teacher before she retired.
...

4. I had a cat.
...

Activity 2 :
Match these broken sentences.
B A






Activity 3 :
Complete these sentences with:

used to, didnt use to or did use to ?



1. We to go on holidays because our parents were not very rich.

2. . you . to drive when you were young?
No, I ; I . to ride a bicycle.

3. I to drink coffee, but now I drink 3 cups a day.

4. Things have changed in our street; there ..... to be a small shop here;
now there is a supermarket.































Sequence 3 Consolidation

Australia is also called the Commonwealth of Australia with 6 states and 2
territories:





Activity 1 :
Quiz. Circle the correct answer.


1. Australia is bordered by
a- the Atlantic ocean and the Mediterranean.
b- the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean.
c- the Arctic Ocean.

2. There are
a- 20 million inhabitants.
b- 14 million inhabitants.
c- 100 million inhabitants.


3. The capital of Australia is:
a- Sydney.
b- Melbourne.
c- Canberra.

4. The official language in Australia is:
a- German.
b- English.
c- Chinese.

5. The Australian currency is:
a- the US dollar.
b- the pound.
c- the Australian dollar.






Activity 2 :
Write the adjectives of nationality for these
countries:


Vietnam - -Brazil - -Finland - -Greece-
... . .. ..........
Turkey - Nigeria - Hungary - France
... ..
Portugal - Ireland - Indonesia China

Reminder

We form some adjectives of nationality with these suffixes:
ish (British) an (Canadian) ese (Japanese)


... ..













Look at these exampes.
Reminder

- We use the passive instead of the active when
the object is more important than the subject
- We form the passive in this way:

Object + auxiliary be in the same tense + past
participle of the verb in the active.

Active: Britain founded the first colony in 1788.
Passive: The first colony was founded in 1788
(by Britain)



Activity 3 :
Turn these sentences into the passive.
:


1. They grow a lot of fruit in the Mitidja.
..

2. Somebody has stolen my wallet.
..

3. Negligence causes accidents.


4. The police arrested the criminal yesterday.




Activity 4 :
Active

1.They have discovered
a new
cure for diabetes.

2.People speak English
everywhere.

3.Ibn Khaldun wrote
ElMoukadima in the
16
th
century.

Passive

A new cure for diabetes
has been discovered.

English is spoken
everywhere.

El Mukadima was
written in the 16
th

century by Ibn Khaldun.



What is the job for .?
.

1. geology : .
2. mathematics : .
3. carve : .
4. ophtalmology : .
5. construct : .
6. biology : .
7. paint : .
8. music : .















Reminder

We can add the suffixes er, or, ian, ist to some verbs and
nouns to form names of jobs.

eg : settle settler
magic magician
dig digger
psychology psychologist
conduct conductor

Activity 5 :
Read this text and do the activities

Kakadu National Park



Kakadu National Park is located in the Northern Territory of Australia. It is
approximately 200kms long and 100kms wide with swamps, rainforests and eucalyptus
forests. Many species of reptiles, frogs and birds live in that park.

This whole area belongs to the Aborigines. Some years ago they agreed to lend some
of their land as a National Park for all Australians, but they run the park. They keep
tourists away from some sacred areas to preserve the rock paintings which their
ancestors used to draw.
Most of the Aborigines live in small communities, called outstations. These
settlements are very far from towns.
There are two seasons in that area: the wet and the dry. From December to March, there
are violent storms. During this wet season the roads to outstations are flooded because of
the heavy rains.
In Kakadu people still eat bush food. They hunt kangaroos, goannas and many other
animals or insects which in other places are not considered food. This traditional diet is
very healthy!

Adapted from Working in Kakadu N.Park

Step In (Hatier))


A) Answer these questions.
-

1. How big is Kakadu National Park?

2. Who manages the park? Why?

3. What is the dry season?


B) Find in the text words whose definitions follow:
: -


1. areas of soft wet land :
2. inundated, covered with water :


Activity 6 :
A)What are the animals and birds that can be
found in Australia?
Write the names in front of their phonetic transcription



B) Complete each sentence with one of the words in A.
"A" -





1. ..... are tree climbing mammals, like small bears.They like eating
leaves. They have a pouch like kangaroos, but it opens downwards.

2. .. are river reptiles with a long body and tail,covered with a hard
skin. They hide underwater and attack humans.

3. ... are animals that jump along on their strong hind legs. The
females have a pouch in which their babies are carried.

4. . are sea-birds with wings to swim.These small birds have
a parade at sunset everyday. At exactly the same time,they all pop out from
the sea and march up the beach to their nests.

5. .. are large birds that run well but cannot fly.
Improve your vocabulary

- buch : wild uncultivated land in Africa and Australia.

- drought : period of dry weather; want of rain.

- cattle : bulls, cows.

- moosoon : the rainy season that comes with the
wet wind blowind in the Indian Ocean.

- tribe : social group united by language and customs,
living as a community under a chief.


English measures - weights
Long measure
1 foot = 12 inches
1 yard = 3 feet
1 mile = 1,760yards.

Liquid measure
1 pint = 4 gills
1 quart = 2pints
1 gallon= 4 quarts

Weight
1 pound = 16 ounces
1 stone = 14 pounds
1 short ton = 2,000 pounds
1 long ton = 2,240 pounds

The metric system
Length
1 cm = 0.3937 inches
1 m = 39.37inches
1km = 0.6213 mile
1 inch = 2.54 centimetres
1 foot = 0.3048 metre
1 yard = 0. 9144 metre
1 rod = 5.029 metres
1 mile = 1,609 metres

Capacity
1 pint = 0.568 litre
1 gallon = 4.55 litres

Weights
1 ounce = 28.35 grams
1 pound = 0.454 kilogram
1 short ton = 0.907 metric ton
1 long ton = 1.016 metric ton





Sequence 4 Writing

Activity 1 :
Read this paragraph then write as many
sentences as possible using used to.
:


Andy Martins lived in a small flat with his mother in Tucson, Arizona, US. He
worked as a clerk at the post office. As he didnt have a car, he rode a bicycle to go to
work. At lunch time he ate only a sandwish with cheese and salad. He never went to a
tailors to have a suit made; he usually wore jeans, a white shirt and a jacket. But one
day, he met Priscilla Benton, the daughter of a wealthy man. They married some years
ago.
Now Andy works as the manager of one of the factories
of Priscillas father. Of course, he wears very elegant suits now.

.
Activity 2 :
Lisa wants to know what her mother used to do
at weekends when she was a girl.
Complete their conversation using :
:
used to/did you use to/ didnt use to and : stay
overnight/visit/ have/ do for fun/ travel/ go/ help.


Lisa : What .you at the
weekend, mom ?
Mom : Well, I sometimes . at home
with the housework,and in the afternoon, I ..
my grandparents who lived in

the countryside, about 40 kms far away.
Lisa : you . by car ?
Mom : No, my father ..a car. We .
.. by train.The trip was very exciting.
And at my grandparents, I . a lot
of fun.
Lisa : at a friends house ?
Mom : No, I until I was 18 or 19.
Lisa : you to the
cinema or the disco?
Mom : No, I but I museums as I was interested in
the history of art. This is how I met your father who as a
tourist guide at that time.



Activity 3 :
What did you use to do when you were younger?