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A) Introduction:-
Two numbers of circular thickeners have been provided as per
the process requirement. The wall of the thickener is designed as
circular wall as per the coefficents in IS 3370-part IV.
The wall is designed as hinged at base for hoop forces and span
B.M in the wall . On inner face of the wall steel is provided for
100% fixity condition.
B) Geo-technical Investigation & Soil Data Adopted in Design:-
One number of Bore hole BH10 has been done at thickener
location. Average EGL at this location is 595.5 . Refusal strata
is met at depth of 1.5 M , N value =112 ( 594 M level).
Proposed FGL in this area is 593.0 M . The founadtion is provided
500 mm below FGL on the refulsal strata.
The bearing capacity as per the soil report is as follows :-
1.5 M below EGL 25 T/Sqm
2.5 M below EGL 30T/Sqm
For hard Rock Bearing pressure of 60 T/sqm is adopted.
Note:- The bearing capacities in the table are Net safe bearing
Capacities of the soil and gross bearing capacity at founding level
are adopted as follows:-
Gross Bearing Capacity = Net Bearing Capacity + 1.6 x Depth of Foundation.
( Soil load from Existing Ground level to Finished ground level
or above due to plinth filling will be treated as load , with soil
weight of 2.0 T/Cum)
For the Back fill soil following soil properties are adopted:-
Soil Properties adopted in the design:- ( Back Fill material)
Soil weight T/Cum
2
j
Angle of Internal Friction 30 Degree
( For cantilever walls) Coefficient Active pressure 0.33 Ka
( For propped / circular Walls) Pressure at Rest 0.5 Kr
( For Computation of Loads) Weight of Soil 20 Kn/M
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Submerged Soil Weight 10 Kn/M
3
(For stability against Uplift) Weight of Soil 16 Kn/M
3
(For stability against Uplift) Submerged Soil Weight 8 Kn/M
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Subsoil Water level Not Present
Force resistance from soil due to friction is computed as per the
following equation.
F= 2 / 3 ( tan ( )) x W
W= Vertical Load on the Slab / Footing
2/3xtan ( ) =0.384
C) Liquid Retaining Structures:-
All water retaining structure are designed as per the provisions
in IS 3370-Part II - 2009 with controlled crack width of 0.1mm
as per the specifications. The water level for the design shall be
adopted as follows :-
For strength calculations water shall be taken up to top of the wall
assuming all outlets are blocked . For serviceability limit state
condition water level is adopted at working top liquid level or the
overflow level as appropriate ( refer cl.4.2 of IS 3370-II -2009)
Strength Calculations will be carried out using limit state design
as per IS456-2000 with load factor of 1.5 .
For empty condition soil level will be adopted as applicable.
Non Liquid Retaining Structures and Buildings :-
All non liquid retaining structures like foundations and columns of
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elevated tanks and Buildings will be designed as per IS 456-2000.
D) Design Idealization , Load Conditions and Load combinations:-
I) Design Idealization :-
Rectangular tank's walls will be designed as rectangular plates for
the boundary conditions as applicable using MOODY'S charts.
Permissible stresses will be adopted as per the material retained.
The wall will be treated as fixed at base & common edges with
adjacent wall panels as applicable. Walls with aspect ratio
greater than 3 , will be designed as one way as per boundary
conditions . For walls of rectangular tanks the direct horizontal
tension and bending action will be adopted as per IS 3370-partII
Circular tanks Clarifiers , thickeners etc. will be
designed for HOOP forces and Bending Moment .
The foundation of the wall will provide nominal fixity to the
wall , for foundation design 50% fixity is adopted.
In the wall vertical span steel and hoop steel is provided for the
hinged base condition . However on the inner face of the wall
vertical steel at base is provided for fixed base condition.
E) F) Specific Design Requirement as per tender Specifications.
E1) Materials for Construction:-
I) Plain Concrete as Mud mat :-
PCC as mud mat below RCC , 100mm Thick. M10
1000 gauge polythene sheet will be provided
as sliding layer below base slab and raft slab
of water retaining structures.
II) Concrete Grades for RCC Structures :-
Liquid Retaining Structure M30
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Buildings / non Liquid retaining Structures M25
All structural concrete will be with aggregates 40mm down for
Footings and base slab and with 20mm down aggregates for all
water retaining and other structures. For screed concrete 12.5mm
down size aggregates will be used.
III) Steel as Reinforcement for the Concrete:-
For Water retaining structures : CRS Fe 500Grade.
( Steel with corrosion resistant Characteristics)
E2) Minimum Thickness of Reinforced Concrete:-
Following minimum thicknesses of the members will be provided
Walls Liquid retaining Structures 250.00 mm
Bottom Slab liquid retaining structures 250.00 mm
Walls Foundations ( at base slab & wall junction) 250.00 mm
Roof slab of Liquid retaining structures 200.00 mm
Launder base slab & wall 150 mm
Shell roof 100 mm
Floors , roof slab , walkways , canopy slabs 125 mm
Walls of cable & Pipe trenches 200 mm
Under ground Pits etc. 200 mm
Footings at edge 200 mm
Footing at column face 300 mm
Columns:- Width 300 mm
Depth 300 mm
Beams:- Width 230 mm
Depth 300 mm
Parapets , Chajjas etc. 100 mm
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Preacst Trench covers 75 mm
E3) Minimum Cover to any Reinforcement:-
Slabs:- Free face 30 mm
Face in contact with Soil 40 mm
Beams:- Top & Bottom 40 mm
Side / face in Contact with Soil 40 mm
Columns & Pedestals Super Structure 50 mm
Sub. Structure 50 mm
Foundations :- Bottom , Top 50 mm
Sides 50 mm
Retaining Walls , Basement & Pit Walls:-
Face in Contact with Soil 40 mm
Free face 30 mm
Liquid retaining Structures
Face in contact with liquid 50 mm
Face in contact with Soil 50 mm
Free face 50 mm
E4) Minimum Bar Diameter of Reinforcement bars :-
Major Foundations 10 mm
Block Foundations :- Main bar 10 mm
Dist. Steel 8 mm
Columns & Pedestals Main bar 12 mm
Links 8 mm
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Beams:- Main bar 12 mm
Stirrups 8 mm
Slabs & Base Slabs :- Main bar 10 mm
Dist. Steel 10 mm
Walls & Wall Foundations :- Main bar 10 mm
Dist. Steel 8 mm
Other Minor elements 8 mm
shell roof :- Main bar 10 mm
Dist. Steel 8 mm
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F) Design of The wall of the Thickener :-
Typical Wall Section
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F1) Design of main wall:-
Wall top Level= 597.5 M
Base slab level= 593 M
Wall Height = H= 4.5 M
Wall Th. provided at base t= 0.25 M
Wall Th. provided at span t= 0.25 M
Tank Diameter D= 19.5 M
HxH/Dxt is adopted = 4.15
Design of wall For Bending Moment :-
Base B.M Tank Full case :- Coefficient as per IS 3370= 0.026
=9.81x4.5 Water pressure at base Triang. 44.145 Kn/Sqm
Refer table 10 of IS 3370-Part IV for Coefficient
B.M= 0.026x44.145x4.5x4.5 23.24234 Kn-M
Ultimate B.M = Mu=1.5 M 34.86 Kn-M
D ( Cms )= 25 d= 19.5 Cms
Mu/(bx d x d) 0.916858
Refer Sp16 , Table 4 Pt ( required ) 0.23 %
Ast= 4.485 Sqcm
Provided on Inner Face Y10-175 C/C
Base B.M for Tank Empty Case:- Not critical
Refer table 13 of IS 3370-Part IV for Coefficient
Maximum Span B.M in wall for Hinged Case=0.0118xwxHxHxH 10.54845 Kn-M
D ( Cms )= 25 d= 19.5 Cms
Mu/(bx d x d) 0.416112
Refer Sp16 , Table 4 Pt ( required ) 0.105 %
Ast= 2.0475 Sqcm
Provided on outer face Y10-175 C/C
Check for shear force in the wall at base :- Adopted as for fixed base
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Refer table 11 of IS 3370-Part IV
Coefficient for shear 0.23
Shear force = V 45.69008 Kn
(Note : Shear will be lesser at critical section " d " from base slab face.)
Ultimate shear=1.5 x V 68.53511 Kn
D ( Cms )= 25 d= 19.5 Cms
Vu/(b x d) 0.351462
Refer Sp16 , Table 61 Pt ( required ) 0.23 %
Ast= 4.485 Sqcm
Provided on Inner Face Y10-175 C/C
Mimimum Steel Required :-
Mimimum Pt 0.35 %
Surface zone =25/2= 12.5 Cms
Ast= 4.375 Sqcm
Provided Y10-175 C/C B.F
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Check for Crack width:-
As crack width is << 0.1mm section is OK.
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Design of Wall For Hoop Forces :-
Tank Full Condition is Critical :- Refer table 12 of IS 3370-Part IV
Hoop force in Top 0.0 H to 0.3 H=0.367x4.5x9.75x9.81 = T 157.9618 Kn
Tu=T x1.5 236.9428 Kn
=0.87x500 Permissble stress in steel=fst 435 Mpa
=Tu/fst Steel required 5.44696 Sqcm
Steel on each face 2.72348 Sqcn
Provided minimum steel Y10-175 C/C B.Faces
Hoop force in 0.3 H to 0.8 H=0.58x4.5x9.75x9.81 = T 249.64 Kn
Tu=T x1.5 374.46 Kn
=0.87x500 Permissble stress in steel=fst 435 Mpa
=Tu/fst Steel required 8.608275 Sqcm
Steel on each face 4.304138 Sqcn
Provided minimum steel Y10-175C/C B.Faces
Below 0.8H steel is provided nominal Y10-175 C/c B.Faces.
No craking of the section.
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F2) Design of the launder:-
Vertical wall of the launder :- Wall Top level 597 M
Base Slab level 596.4 M
Wall height 0.6 M
B.M as cantilever 0.35316 Kn-M
=((0.35x100000x6/(1000x150^2) Bending stress developed 0.093 MPA
Nominal
Ast=( fst=130,d=7.5) 0.426136 Sqcm
Min steel =0.35x15 5.25 Sqcm
Provided Y10-145 C/C
Provided above minimum steel Horizontally also.
Design of Base Slab of the launder:-
Base slab is designed as cantilever from the main wall.
B.M due to base slab from vertical wall
Self Load of the wall=V 2.25 KN
B.M at wall face=0.375*V 0.84375 Kn-M
B.M due to load on the base slab :-
Self Load Base slab ( av 0.2th) 0.50625 Kn-M
PCC fill ( max =0.2 th) 0.216 Kn-M
( ht above PCC) Water Load max.(0.4 m ) 0.28122 Kn-M
Total B.M = 1.84722 Kn-M
Axial force 0.7848 KN
D provided 25 Cms
=Mx1e6/(0.85x130xdx100) Ast ( B.M , fst=130,d=19.5) 0.857278 sqcm
= Tx1e3/(130/100/2) Ast axial force each face 0.030185 Sqcm
Total steel 0.887463 Sqcm
Minimum steel =0.35x12.5 4.375 Sqcm
Provided Y10-175 C/C
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Distribution steel Y8-110 C/C T & B
F3) Design of Foundation for the Wall :-
Net safe bearing Capacity at founding level 25 T/Sqm
say 250 Kn/sqm
Loading :-
Dead load of the wall:-
Wall height provided 4.50 M
Thickness provided 0.25 M
Load / Meter 28.13 Kn/m
Dead load from the launder:-
Wall Load 2.81 Kn/M
Base slab + Water+ Screed 4.12 Kn/M
Total Launder Load 6.93 Kn/M
Self load Footing :-
Average thickness 0.25 M
Base slab width provided 1.45 M
Load / Meter 9.06 Kn/M
Total Dead load effect = V d.l. 44.12 Kn/M
say 45.00 Kn/M
Footing width provided 1.45 M
Base pressure developed 31.03 Kn/Sqm
Soil Load effect :-
Soil load on external projection:-
Soil height 0.1 M
Projection width 0.6 M
Load / M @ 20Kn/Cum 1.2 Kn/M
Soil + Slab Load on Internal Projection:- not present in this case
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Soil height 0 M
Projection width 0 M
Load / M @ 20Kn/Cum 0 T/M
Slab Load 0 T/M
Total load on inner Projection 0.00
Total soil Load V s.l 1.20 Kn/M
say 1.20 Kn/M
B.M at footing center line 0.51 kn-M
Additional Base pressure out side 2.28 Kn/sqm
Additional Base pressure inside -0.63 Kn/sqm
( Out side) Maximum base pressure in combination Dead Load 33.32 Kn/sqm
(Inside) Maximum base pressure in combination Dead Load 30.41 Kn/sqm
Water Load effect :-
Water height 4.50
M
Slab projection 0.60
M
Load /M = 26.49
Kn/m
B.M due to water load 11.26
T-M
Refer page 8 B.M due to water pressure 23.24
Kn-M
50 % fixity B.M =23.24/2 11.62
Kn-M
Design B.M -0.36
Kn-M
Base pressure developed
Inside in combination D.L 48.27 Kn/sqm
Outside in combination D.L 50.34 Kn/sqm
=48.27-0.63 Inside in combination D.L+S.L 47.64 Kn/sqm
=50.34+2.28 Outside in combination D.L+SL 52.62 Kn/sqm
Effect of the Bridge Load :-
Reaction from Bridge 150 Kn
Load after dispersion through
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wall at 45 degree=150/(2x4.8) 15.63 Kn/M
Load/ sqm= 10.78 K/sqm
Maximum Base pressure 63.40 Kn/sqm
<<<250Kn/sqm OK
Maximum Footing Projection 0.6 M
(Pr=63.4-slab load - soil load) B.M in Footing 9.926319 kn-M
(Sress forconcrete =2.0MPA) D rqd for uncraked section 17.25658 cms
<<< 30 Cms
d=30-5-0.5 , Ast ( Fst=130) 4.61 Sqcm
Minimum Pt=0.35x15 5.25 Sqcm
Provided Top & bottom Y10-350+Y12-350C/C
Distribution steel Y10-145 C/C T & B
F4) Design of The Base Slab:-
Base Slab Provided 25.00
Cms
Base slab is designed as slab on grade and nominal steel is
provided as per IS 3370-Part II Pt rqd= 0.35
%
Surface zone 12.50
cms
Ast= 4.38 Sqcm
Provided in top part as D < 300 mm Provided Y10-175C/C at top
Refer fig to IS 3370-Part 2
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F5) Seismic Load Effect :- Seismic load is adopted as per IS 1893-2002
Refer IS-1893 -2000 Part 1
Sa/g= 2.5
Damping 5
%
Z= 0.16
R= 3
I= 1.5
Ah= 0.1000
Horizontal coefficients are computed as per IS 1893-1984
( Referred as Part 2 of code is not published , refer page 2 of
IS 1893-part 1)
R= 9.75 M
H= 4 M Service Condition
For maximum force Cos ( Phi) = 1 , y= h
Pw=0.35x9.81 3.4335 Kn/sqm
As above increase is lesser than the free board , Seismic case not critical
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G) Design of Staircase:- Staircase is provided with stringer Beam
=1.2x(3.739+2.188
+1.2+5)+0.3x0.45x25/0.8
Steel provided 3 nos-Y16 T & B
Stps Y8-150 C/C 2 legged.
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Design of column below staircase :-
Provided 300 mm diameter column .
Maximum load on the column 84.6 Kn
As load on column is nominal provided nominal 0.8 % steel
Ast= 5.652 Sqcm
Provided 6 Nos Y12
Links Y8-150C/C
( As the bearing Capacity of the soil 25 T/sqm , area rquired for
above load is only 0.34 Sqm , Provided nominal footing )