Grammar: Stylistic Transformation

Finish each sentence in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence
that is given.

Unit 1
Reported Speech (Statement)
Examples:
1. He said, Ive got a headache.
He said that he had got a headache.
2. Aye Aye said, Mother, Im hungry.
Aye Aye told her mother that she was hungry.
3. Wai Phyo said to Zaw Zaw, I shall meet you here at 10 oclock.
Wai Phyo told Zaw Zaw that he would meet him there at 10 oclock.
Exercise:
1. Sanda said to Thanda, I need your help with my homework.
Sanda told Thanda that --------------------------------------------------.
2. The man said, You are clever boys.
The man said --------------------------------------------------------------.
3. I want to see your mother, said the teacher to the boy.
The teacher told the boy -------------------------------------------------.
4. Nilar said to me, I went shopping with your sister yesterday.
Nilar told me --------------------------------------------------------------.
5. I pray I shall find my lost puppy. said my sister.
My sister said that --------------------------------------------------------.
6. The secretary said to her boss, Ive sent the e-mails you asked me to this morning.
The secretary told her boss ----------------------------------------------.
7. We had dinner in your grandmas home, said Mother.
Mother told me -----------------------------------------------------------.
8. Ko Ko said to Ma Ma, Ill be staying up late tonight.
Ko Ko told Ma Ma-------------------------------------------------------.
9. Ill see you tomorrow, Ko Ko, said Mon Mon.
Mon Mon told Ko Ko ------------------------------------------------.
10. The manager said to the clerk, You must never be late.
The manager told ---------------------------------------------------------.
11. My friend said, I saw your sister with her boy friend yesterday.
My friend informed me -------------------------------------------------.
12. The teacher said, Ill go abroad tomorrow.
The teacher said that-----------------------------------------------------.
13. My aunt said, I pray that I shall win the lottery this month.
My aunt said that --------------------------------------------------------.
14. The teacher said to Zeyar Lin, You mustnt forget what I told you in the last lesson.
The teacher told ----------------------------------------------------------.
15. The teacher said, I want to remind you to bring your textbooks tomorrow.
The teacher told ----------------------------------------------------------.
16. The mother said, Thinzar, if you dont wash your hair once a week, Ill cut it with
scissors.
The mother told Thinzar ------------------------------------------------.
17. The instructor said, You can do it if you try.
The instructor told me --------------------------------------------------.
18. The old man said to his sons, I want all of you to keep up my name.
The old man told his sons -----------------------------------------------.
19. I dont know who broke the window pane, the child said to the man.
The child told the man --------------------------------------------------.
20. The operator said, That phone line is always busy.
The operator said that ----------------------------------------------------.

Unit 2
Reported Speech (Question)

Examples:
1. His father said, Zaw Zaw, are you feeling all right?
His father asked Zaw Zaw if he was feeling all right.
2. Su Mon, why are you looking so tired? Aunty Than said.
Aunty Than asked Su Mon why she was looking so tired.
3. Daw Mya Lay said to the maid, How did you get this money?
Daw Mya Lay asked the maid how she had got that money.
Exercise:
1. The salesgirl said to the customer, How can I help you?
The salesgirl asked the customer -------------------------------------.
2. Father said to mother, Do you have any plans to go to Myingyan?
Father asked mother -----------------------------------------------------.
3. Can I eat chocolates, doctor? asked Pauk Sa.
Pauk Sa asked ------------------------------------------------------------.
4. Zin Zin said. Why didnt you contact us last week, Phyu Phyu?
Zin Zin asked Phyu Phyu -----------------------------------------------.
5. Toe said to Phyo, Why have you been keeping silent for a long time?
Toe asked Phyo -----------------------------------------------------------.
6. The old man said, Wheres the hospital?
The old man wanted to know -------------------------------------------.
7. The teacher said, How old are you?
The teacher asked me ----------------------------------------------------.
8. Father said, Sons, what have you done to my watch?
Father asked us -----------------------------------------------------------.
9. The police said to the suspect, Were you at home last night?
The police asked ----------------------------------------------------------.
10. I said, Daddy, can I use your phone?
I asked my -----------------------------------------------------------------.

Reported Speech (Command & Request)

Examples:
1. Waiter, bring me a glass of lime juice, said Wai Phyo Mg.
Wai Phyo Mg ordered the waiter to bring me a glass of lime juice.
2. His aunt said, Nyi Nyi, dont stay out late.
His aunt told Nyi Nyi not to stay out late.
3. Please wait for a moment, said the salesgirl to the customer.
The salesgirl requested the customer to wait for a moment.
4. Could you please wake me up early? said Htoo Htoo to his room-mate.
Htoo Htoo requested his room-mate to wake him up early.
Exercise:
1. Thida said to me, Come to our wedding reception.
Thida invited me -------------------------------------------------------.
2. Please, dont shout at me, said the girl to her sister.
The girl asked her sister -------------------------------------------------.
3. Be patient and gentle with this motherless boy, said the headmaster to the class
teacher.
The headmaster asked---------------------------------------------------.
4. The man said to his son, Do your homework now or you wont finish it before
school.
The man told --------------------------------------------------------------.
5. The salesgirl said to the customer, Dont bargain, please. Its a fixed price.
The salesgirl requested --------------------------------------------------.

Unit 3
There is/was no. who/that. not
(Double Negative)

Pattern (1)
There is/ was no + Singular Noun + who/ that + Singular Negative Verb
Examples:
1. Every girl loves flowers
There is no girl who does not love flowers
2. All girls love flowers.
There is no girl who does not love flowers.
3. Every dog has a tail.
There is no dog that does not have a tail.
4. All dogs have tails.
There is no dog that does not have a tail.
5. All the high schools in Myanmar have computers.
There is no high school in Myanmar that does not have a computer.
Pattern (2)
There is/ was no + Singular Noun + who/ that + Subject + Negative Verb
Examples:
1. I visited all my relatives in Myingyan last month.
There was no relative in Myangyan who I did not visit last month.
2. I have read all the books in this library.
There is no book in this library that I have not read.
Exercise:
1. Every town or village in our country has a pagoda.
There is no -----------------------------------------------------------------.
2. Every citizen loves his mother land.
There is no -----------------------------------------------------------------.
3. Every student looks forward to the holiday.
There is no -----------------------------------------------------------------.
4. Everyone has to work for a living.
There is no -----------------------------------------------------------------.
5. Every book of his has his name on it.
There is no -----------------------------------------------------------------.
6. Every father wants his son to do well in life.
There is no -----------------------------------------------------------------.
7. Every egg in that basket is fresh.
There is no -----------------------------------------------------------------.
8. Every student in this class participated in the discussion.
There was no---------------------------------------------------------------.
9. All children like to read comics.
There is no-----------------------------------------------------------------.
10. All the teaching staff in this university wear the national costume.
There is no-----------------------------------------------------------------.
11. All the songs composed by Myoma Nyein are good.
There is no ----------------------------------------------------------------.
12. All the students in this class were beaten yesterday.
There is no-----------------------------------------------------------------.
13. All the villages in this region were flooded last year.
There was no--------------------------------------------------------------.
14. I have been to all the beach resorts in our country.
There is no-----------------------------------------------------------------.
15. I like every house in this street.
There is no ----------------------------------------------------------------.
16. We are friendly with all our neighbours.
There is no ----------------------------------------------------------------.
17. My teacher corrected all my exercises.
There was no -------------------------------------------------------------.
18. Every Myanmar girl loves to wear Thanakkha.

There is no ----------------------------------------------------------------.
19. All the students in this class do their exercises regularly.
There is no ---------------------------------------------------------------.
20. I have photocopied all the articles in this newspaper.
There is no ---------------------------------------------------------------.

Unit 4
No sooner than
Examples:
1. I had just started to study when the lights went out.
No sooner had I started to study than the lights went out.
2. As soon as he was beaten the boy ran away.
No sooner was the boy beaten than he ran away.
3. The child cried as soon as it saw me.
No sooner did the child see me than it cried.
Exercise:
1. When the fire-engines arrived, the fire had just stopped burning.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
2. When we arrived at the station the train had just left.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
3. The patient had just passed away when the ambulance arrived.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
4. The burglars had just fled away when we woke up.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
5. I had just got off the bus when it started to rain.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
6. We had just sat down to dinner when the visitors arrived.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
7. As soon as I had done my homework, my father asked me to wash the car.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
8. As soon as the phone rang, she picked it up with joy.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
9. As soon as Ei Chaw Chaw saw the letter, she opened it and read it.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
10. As soon as they had had their meal, the children went out to play.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
11. As soon as he heard the police siren, the thief ran away.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
12. As soon as I had taken the medicine, I felt better.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
13. As soon as Honey had written the essay, she showed it to her teacher.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
14. Aye Su had two burgers and then she took a hot dog from the plate.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
15. As soon as Ma Ma heard the news of the accident she fainted.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
16. Ko Ko fell asleep as soon as his head touched the pillow.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
17. As soon as the teacher started the lecture, the class kept silent.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
18. As soon as Htoo Htoo finished his dinner he felt ill.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
19. The book was sold out as soon as it was published.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.
20. As soon as the fish had been fried, a cat stole it.
No sooner-----------------------------------------------------------------.

Active & Passive

Active

Passive

1. V(present)

am, is, are + V-ed/en

2. V(past)

was, were + V-ed/en

3.

do not , does (not) + V(simple)

4.

did (not) + V(simple)

5.

has, have, had

+ V-ed/en

has, have, had been + V-ed/en

6.

am, were

+ V-ing

am, were being + V-ed/en

7.

can, ...must + V(simple)

can,must be

8.

am,.were

am,.were going to be + V-ed/en

9.

has, have, had to + V(simple)

+ going to

am, is, are (not) + V-ed/en

was, were (not) + V-ed/en

+ V-ed/en

has, have, had to be + V-ed/en

Examples:
1. People play football all over the world.
Football is played all over the world.
2. The people in this street feed this puppy well.
This puppy is well fed by the people in this street.
3. I lost the key to the gate last night.
The key to the gate was lost last night.
4. The students have already done all their homework.
All their homework has already been done by the students.
5. My father gave me a watch as a birthday present
I was given a watch as a birthday present by my father.
A watch was given to me as a birth present by my father.
6. People are not allowed to smoke in public parks in Bangkok.
No one is allowed to smoke in public parks in Bangkok.
Exercise:
1. Daw Pu cooks the mohinga for her children every Sunday.
The mohinga .............................................................................................................
2. They feed the animals at the zoo twice a day.
The animals................................................................................................................
3. His father beat him for not attending classes regularly.
He...............................................................................................................................
4. A tornado hit the town this evening.
The town....................................................................................................................
5. We saw him washing his car this morning.
He...............................................................................................................................
6. The doctor has advised him to take a rest if he wants to get well.
He...............................................................................................................................
7. We will finish the work soon.
The work....................................................................................................................
8. Mother bought me an alarm clock.
I..................................................................................................................................
An alarm clock...........................................................................................................
9. They are going to build a modern apartment building here.
A modern....................................................................................................................
10. They do not permit dogs in the hotel.
Dogs...........................................................................................................................
11. We cannot buy personal good looks with money.
Personal good looks...................................................................................................

12. We have never seen such a kind of birds in this area before.
Such............................................................................................................................
13. U Ngwe Gaing did not draw this painting.
This painting..............................................................................................................
14. No one discussed anything about the missing child at the meeting.
Nothing......................................................................................................................
15. Nobody must pluck the flowers in the garden.
The flowers................................................................................................................
16. People are not permitted to smoke in the office.
No one........................................................................................................................
17. People are not allowed to cross the lawn.
No one........................................................................................................................
18. Did you switch off the lights last night?
Were...........................................................................................................................
19. Who broke the window pane?
By whom....................................................................................................................
20. Why wont they repair the road?
Why wont the road ..................................................................................................

Without + V-ing
(Active) Without + V-ing
(Passive) Without + being + V-ed/en
Examples:
1. Hla Hla ate the meal. She did not wash her hand.
Without washing her hand, Hla Hla ate the meal.
2. Hla Hla swept the room. She was not asked to do so.
Without being asked, Hla Hla swept the room.
3. Hla Hla swept the room. Nobody asked her to do so.
Without being asked, Hla Hla swept the room.
4. Hla Hla swept the room. They did not ask her to do so.
Without being asked, Hla Hla swept the room.
5. Hla Hla swept the room. Her mother did not ask her.
Without being asked by her mother, Hla Hla swept the room.
Exercise:
1. She left for school. She did not eat anything.
Without ......................................................................................................................
2. He left home. He did not say good-bye to anyone.
Without ......................................................................................................................
3. You will not get high marks in English unless you study regularly.
Without ......................................................................................................................
4. You will not recover from your illness unless you take this medicine.
Without ......................................................................................................................
5. He quitted the job. He did not let anyone know about it.
Without ......................................................................................................................
6. John passed the examination. He did not work hard.
Without ......................................................................................................................
7. He came to the party. Nobody invited him.
Without ......................................................................................................................
8. My aunt gave me some pocket money. I never asked for it.
Without.......................................................................................................................
9. The clothes were ironed. They were not properly washed.
Without ......................................................................................................................
10. He listened to the lecture but he wrote nothing down.
Without .....................................................................................................................

Unit 5
After +V-ing
(Active) After + V-ing
After + Subject + had V-ed/en
(Passive) After + being + V-ed/en
After + Subject + had been V-ed/en
Examples:
1. Mg Mg did his homework first and then he went out.
After doing his homework, Mg Mg went out.
After Mg Mg had done his homework, he went out.
2. The letters were sorted and then delivered.
After being sorted, the letters were delivered.
After the letters had been sorted, they were delivered.
Exercise:
1. The teacher checked the essays and then she returned the books.
After----------------------------------------------------------------------After the teacher---------------------------------------------------------2. Ma Ma did the cooking. Then she did the washing.
After ------------------------------------------------------------------------After Ma Ma -----------------------------------------------------------.
3. Hla Hla ironed the clothes when she had cooked the meal.
After----------------------------------------------------------------------After Hla Hla--------------------------------------------------------------4. Sandy peeped into the room. She screamed.
After----------------------------------------------------------------------After Sandy---------------------------------------------------------------5. The cat snatched the fried fish and then it ran away.
After----------------------------------------------------------------------After the cat---------------------------------------------------------------6. The vegetables were washed first and then boiled.
After------------------------------------------------------------------------After the vegetables------------------------------------------------------7. The houses were destroyed by a storm .Then they were rebuilt by the villagers.
After----------------------------------------------------------------------After the houses-----------------------------------------------------------8. The man was seized with narcotic drugs. He was sent to the
prison.
After------------------------------------------------------------------------After the man--------------------------------------------------------------9. She had a sore throat because she had eaten a lot of ice- cream.
After----------------------------------------------------------------------After she--------------------------------------------------------------------.
10. When he passed the matriculation examination, Ko Lay attended the Global English
course at Yangon University.
After----------------------------------------------------------------------After Ko Lay-----------------------------------------------------------