Rev3

Client: Al Ain Wildlife Park & Resort

Analysis & Design of Cooling Tower Support Structure .
Cooling tower-1
1 . Introduction
Structure description :
Support Structure for Back Cooling Units
The steel columns are fixed on the floor at bottom with mechanical anchor bolts
The platform top structure joints are all welded
The column are of size UB 254X146X37
main and secondary beams are UB 254X146X31
The purpose of following calculations is as listed below;
(A) To check the proposed steel supporting structure .
(B) To check the structural stability of the platform structure for all incident loads on it.
(C) To check & design proposed economical and most practical member sizes of the
supporting structure of the platform such as top beam section, support channel
from stability point of view.
(D) To check proposed anchoring arrangement for support fixing to the building structure...
Reference Documents and Design Parameters ::
1) drg.Sheikh Zayed Desert Learning Center -
AWPR-SZC-CAP-SCD-SZC-ARC-DWG-00322-00
3) All structural steel members conform to ASTM A36 / BS grade S275 steel or equivalent
4) All connection bolts conform to BS grade 8.8 or equivalent and galvanised .
mechanical anchors shall be used.
5) Concrete strength on which supports are to be fixed is assumed C30/37 ( 30/37 N/mm2 )
6) Allowable deflections : Beams L/250 cantilever L/180
Design codes::
Design of platform steel structure has been done conforming to following codes of practice.
* BS 5950 - Part 1:2000 -Structural use of steelwork in building.
* BS 8110 -1:1997 ,BS 8110-3:1985 -Structural use of concrete
* BS 6399-1, 2 :1997 for Loading
16.07.2011
LINK MIDDLE EAST LIMITED
P.O. Box 16846, Dubai U.A.E.
Tel No. +971 4 8816750, Fax No. +971 4
816250
231796382.xls.ms_office
Analysis and Design
Analysis and Design of the platform structure has been done using
STAAD Pro 2006 Analysis and Design software.
The supporting structure has been analysed for given loadings and members are
designed by STAAD Pro programme. Othet minor members have been designed manually.
For Staad design of steel members British Code BS5950-1:2000 has been used.
2 .STAAD model and Loads
Staad model:
3D view:
The structure is modeled as Space frame , with fixed suported on floor slab
Loads :
1) Dead load ( DL)
231796382.xls.ms_office
self weight of supporting steel structure is calculated by STAAD programme.
consider N100/30 serrated grating with 3 mm load bars at 30 mm c/c, self wt = 100 kg/m
Grating is welded to the top skeleton of the platform. = 1 kN/m
Equipment load is given as 3.92 ton = 39.2 kN UDL = 39.2 / area = 10 / (2.3x7.47) = 2.28 kN/m
consider 50% impact due to machine = 2.28 x 1.5 = 3.42 kN/m
Hence total dead load = 1 + 3.42 = 4.42 kN/m
Load is applied as floor load command in staad.
5% of above load is considered acting in horizontal direction X and Z = 0.05x4.42 = 0.23 kN/m
This applied as horizontal UDL on main beams
2) Live load ( LL)
consider live load = 7.5 kN/m as per BS6399 code for equipment platform..
Load is applied as floor load command in staad.
5% of above load is considered acting in horizontal direction X and Z = 0.075x5 = 0.375 kN/m
This applied as horizontal UDL on main beams
3) Wind load (WL)
Basic wind speed V
b
= 26 m/s
Site wind speed V
s
= S
a
.S
b
.S
s
.S
d
.V
b cl. 2.2.2.1 of BS6399-2:1997
= 1x1x1x1x26 all factors considered 1.0 to be conservative
= 26 m/s
231796382.xls.ms_office
dynamic pressure q = 0.613 x V
e
2
V
e
= effective wind speed
= V
b
.S
b
for site in town terrain , ( cl.3.2.3.2.3 )
S
b
= S
c
.T
c
.{ 1+(g
t
.S
t
.T
t
) + S
h
}
S
c
: fetch factor 1.67 .. from table 22 by interpolation
S
t
: turbulance factor 0.0884 .. from table 22 by interpolation
T
c
; fetch adjustment factor 0.954 .. from table 23 by interpolation
T
t
: turbulance adjustment factor 1.08 .. from table 23 by interpolation
g
t
: gust peak factor 3.44 .. from table 24 by interpolation
S
h
: topographic increment 0 .. from cl. 3.2.3.4.1 not significant
S
b
= 1.67 x 0.954 { 1 +(3.44 x 0.0884 x 1.08) + 0} = 2.11
V
e
= 2.11 x 26 = 54.86 m/s
dynamic pressure q = 0.613 x V
e
2
= 0.613 x 54.86
2
= 1.84 kN/m
2
wind load factor Cp= 1.2
wind load =Cp x dynamic wind pressure x projected area
= Cp . q. projected area of member
for diagonal member WL = 1.2 x 1.84 x 0.08 = 0.17 kN/m
All these loads have been applied in Staad as horizontal loads.
for vertical support member WL=1.2 x 1.84 x0.25 =0.56
for horizontal support member WL=1.2 x 1.84 x0.20 =0.44
231796382.xls.ms_office
Wind in X dir & Z directions are considered separately.
i.e WL-x & WL-z
4) Load combinations:
\ Load combinations will be as follows;
(a) Service load combination :: ( for deflections)
1.0 DL+1.0 LL
1.0DL+1.0LL+1.0WL
(b) Design load combination :: ( for design of steel members,design of connections etc.)
1.4 DL+1.6 LL
1.0DL+1.4WL
1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2WL
3 . Analysis and design of Steel Structure.
Analysis and design has been done by STAAD Pro 2006 analysis and design software.
Refer Staad output:
All members are structurally safe.
4. Design of Connections
Following major connections are designed based on the forces in the connecting members.
and as per Staad Pro computer output.
* Anchor bolt Connection between column bases & concrete floor
4.1 Anchor bolt Connection between columns & concrete floor .
UB 254X146X37 is fixed to the concrete floor with M20 mechanical anchors.
1.0DL+1.0WL
231796382.xls.ms_office
Fx = 7.5 kN
Fy = 100 kN
Fz = 8.56 kN
Mz = 9.1 kNm
Use 420x320x20 thk base plate for columns.
220
50
420x320X20 thk
120 base plate
It is proposed to use 4 no. M20 mechanical anchor bolts
Actual tension in bolt = 7.5/4 = 1.88 kN
Actual shear in bolt = 100/4 = 25 kN
tensile capacity of M20 bolt = 110 kN > actual tension( 1.88 kN)
shear capacity of M20 bolt = 91.9 kN > actual shear ( 25 kN)
End plate :
max moment in end plate = 2 x 1.88 x 0.05 = 0.18 kNm
Moment capacity of end plate per unit width = p
y
.t
p
/4 ..cl.6.3.4.3, BS5950-1:2000
\Moment capacity of end plate = p
y
.b.t
p
/4
= 275 x 320 x 20 /4 = 8.80 kNm > actual moment in end plate
hence safe
Hence provided 4 no. M20 mechanical anchor bolts and the end plate are safe.
4.2 Angle Connection between UC 254x146x31mm to UC 254x146x31mm .
Fx = 22.8 kN
Fy = 58 kN
Fz = 7.22 kN
Mz = 15 kNm
use 200x180x12mm thk connecting plate
231796382.xls.ms_office
It is proposed to use 4 no. M16 HILTI/Equivalent anchor bolts
Max tension in bolt = Fx / 4 = 22.8 /4 = 5.7 kN
Max shear in bolt = Fy / 4 = 58 /4 = 14.5 kN
.
tensile capacity of M16 bolt = 70.3 kN > actual tension
shear capacity of M16 bolt = 58.9 kN > actual shear
End plate :
max moment in end plate = 22.8x 0.05 = 1.14kNm
Moment capacity of end plate per unit width = p
y
.t
p
/4 ..cl.6.3.4.3, BS5950-1:2000
\Moment capacity of end plate = p
y
.b.t
p
/4
= 275 x180 x 12 /4 = 1.78 kNm > actual moment in end plate
hence safe
Hence provided 4no. M16 HILTI HEX bolts/equivalent and the end plate are safe.
5 . Deflection check.
Refer Staad output. Deflection diagram.
Max deflection = 3.2 mm < 8.92 mm ( span /250 ,,2230/250 )
.. Hence safe
6. Conclusion :
** The proposed platform & the support structure and its members are safe for
given revised Live loads in combination with other loads.
** The proposed connections are structurally safe.
** The proposed anchors are structurally safe.
Utilization Ratio
231796382.xls.ms_office
Rev3
Client: Al Ain Wildlife Park & Resort
Analysis & Design of Cooling Tower Support Structure .
Cooling tower-2
1 . Introduction
Structure description :
Support Structure for Back Cooling Units near stair area
The steel columns are fixed on the floor at bottom with mechanical anchor bolts
The platform top structure joints are all welded
The column are of size UB 254X146X37
main and secondary beams are UB 254X146X31
The purpose of following calculations is as listed below;
(A) To check the proposed steel supporting structure .
(B) To check the structural stability of the platform structure for all incident loads on it.
(C) To check & design proposed economical and most practical member sizes of the
supporting structure of the platform such as top beam section, support channel
from stability point of view.
(D) To check proposed anchoring arrangement for support fixing to the building structure...
Reference Documents and Design Parameters ::
1) drg.Sheikh Zayed Desert Learning Center -
AWPR-SZC-CAP-SCD-SZC-ARC-DWG-00322-00
3) All structural steel members conform to ASTM A36 / BS grade S275 steel or equivalent
4) All connection bolts conform to BS grade 8.8 or equivalent and galvanised .
mechanical anchors shall be used.
16.07.2011 LINK MIDDLE EAST LIMITED
P.O. Box 16846, Dubai U.A.E.
Tel No. +971 4 8816750, Fax No. +971 4
816250
5) Concrete strength on which supports are to be fixed is assumed C40 ( 40 N/mm2 )
6) Allowable deflections : Beams L/250 cantilever L/180
Design codes::
Design of platform steel structure has been done conforming to following codes of practice.
* BS 5950 - Part 1:2000 -Structural use of steelwork in building.
* BS 8110 -1:1997 ,BS 8110-3:1985 -Structural use of concrete
* BS 6399-1, 2 :1997 for Loading
Analysis and Design
Analysis and Design of the platform structure has been done using
STAAD Pro 2006 Analysis and Design software.
The supporting structure has been analysed for given loadings and members are
designed by STAAD Pro programme. Othet minor members have been designed manually.
For Staad design of steel members British Code BS5950-1:2000 has been used.
2 .STAAD model and Loads
Staad model:
3D view:
The structure is modeled as Space frame , with fixed suported on floor slab
Loads :
1) Dead load ( DL)
self weight of supporting steel structure is calculated by STAAD programme.
consider N100/30 serrated grating with 3 mm load bars at 30 mm c/c, self wt = 100 kg/m
Grating is welded to the top skeleton of the platform. = 1 kN/m
Equipment load is given as 3.92 ton = 39.2 kN UDL = 39.2 / area = 10 / (2.3x7.47) = 2.28 kN/m
consider 50% impact due to machine = 2.28 x 1.5 = 3.42 kN/m
Hence total dead load = 1 + 3.42 = 4.42 kN/m
Load is applied as floor load command in staad.
5% of above load is considered acting in horizontal direction X and Z = 0.05x4.42 = 0.23 kN/m
This applied as horizontal UDL on main beams
2) Live load ( LL)
consider live load = 7.5 kN/m as per BS6399 code for equipment platform..
Load is applied as floor load command in staad.
5% of above load is considered acting in horizontal direction X and Z = 0.075x5 = 0.375 kN/m
This applied as horizontal UDL on main beams
3) Wind load (WL)
Basic wind speed V
b
= 26 m/s
Site wind speed V
s
= S
a
.S
b
.S
s
.S
d
.V
b
cl. 2.2.2.1 of BS6399-2:1997
= 1x1x1x1x26 all factors considered 1.0 to be conservative
= 26 m/s
dynamic pressure q = 0.613 x V
e
2
V
e
= effective wind speed
= V
b
.S
b
for site in town terrain , ( cl.3.2.3.2.3 )
S
b
= S
c
.T
c
.{ 1+(g
t
.S
t
.T
t
) + S
h
}
S
c
: fetch factor 1.67 .. from table 22 by interpolation
S
t
: turbulance factor 0.0884 .. from table 22 by interpolation
T
c
; fetch adjustment factor 0.954 .. from table 23 by interpolation
T
t
: turbulance adjustment factor 1.08 .. from table 23 by interpolation
g
t
: gust peak factor 3.44 .. from table 24 by interpolation
S
h
: topographic increment 0 .. from cl. 3.2.3.4.1 not significant
S
b
= 1.67 x 0.954 { 1 +(3.44 x 0.0884 x 1.08) + 0} = 2.11
V
e
= 2.11 x 26 = 54.86 m/s
dynamic pressure q = 0.613 x V
e
2
= 0.613 x 54.86
2
= 1.84 kN/m
2
wind load factor Cp= 1.2
wind load =Cp x dynamic wind pressure x projected area
= Cp . q. projected area of member
for diagonal member WL = 1.2 x 1.84 x 0.08 = 0.17 kN/m
All these loads have been applied in Staad as horizontal loads.
Wind in X dir & Z directions are considered separately.
i.e WL-x & WL-z
4) Load combinations:
\ Load combinations will be as follows;
(a) Service load combination :: ( for deflections)
1.0 DL+1.0 LL
1.0DL+1.0LL+1.0WL
(b) Design load combination :: ( for design of steel members,design of connections etc.)
1.4 DL+1.6 LL
1.0DL+1.4WL
1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2WL
3 . Analysis and design of Steel Structure.
for horizontal support member WL=1.2 x 1.84 x0.20 =0.44
1.0DL+1.0WL
for vertical support member WL=1.2 x 1.84 x0.25 =0.56
Analysis and design has been done by STAAD Pro 2006 analysis and design software.
Refer Staad output:
All members are structurally safe.
4. Design of Connections
Following major connections are designed based on the forces in the connecting members.
and as per Staad Pro computer output.
* Anchor bolt Connection between column bases & concrete floor
4.1 Anchor bolt Connection between columns & concrete floor .
UB 254X146X43 is fixed to the concrete floor with M20 mechanical anchors.
Fx = 46 kN
Fy = 108 kN
Fz = 33.5 kN
Mz = 15.25 kNm
Use 420x320x20 thk base plate for columns.
220
50
420x320X20 thk
120 base plate
It is proposed to use 4 no. M20 mechanical anchor bolts
Actual tension in bolt = 46/4 = 11.5 kN
Actual shear in bolt = 108/4 = 27 kN
tensile capacity of M20 bolt = 110 kN > actual tension( 11.5kN)
shear capacity of M20 bolt = 91.9 kN > actual shear ( 27 kN)
End plate : ..cl.6.3.4.3, BS5950-1:2000
max moment in end plate = 2 x 11.5 x 0.05 = 1.15 kNm
Moment capacity of end plate per unit width = p
y
.t
p
/4
\Moment capacity of end plate = p
y
.b.t
p
/4
= 275 x 320 x 20 /4 = 8.80 kNm > actual moment in end plate
hence safe
Hence provided 4 no. M20 mechanical anchor bolts and the end plate are safe.
4.2 Angle Connection between UC 254x146x37mm to UC 254x146x37mm .
Fx = 26.5 kN
Fy = 56.33 kN
Fz =12 kN
Mz = 42.67 kNm
use 200x180x12mm thk connecting plate
It is proposed to use 4 no. M16 HILTI/Equivalent anchor bolts
Max tension in bolt = Fx / 4 = 26.5 /4 = 6.63 kN
Max shear in bolt = Fy / 4 = 56.33/4 = 14.08 kN
.
tensile capacity of M16 bolt = 70.3 kN > actual tension
shear capacity of M16 bolt = 58.9 kN > actual shear
End plate : ..cl.6.3.4.3, BS5950-1:2000
max moment in end plate = 26.5x 0.05 = 1.32kNm
Moment capacity of end plate per unit width = p
y
.t
p
/4
\Moment capacity of end plate = p
y
.b.t
p
/4
= 275 x180 x 12 /4 = 1.78 kNm > actual moment in end plate
hence safe
Hence provided 4no. M16 HILTI HEX bolts/equivalent and the end plate are safe.
5 . Deflection check.
Refer Staad output. Deflection diagram.
Max deflection = 4mm < 8.92 mm ( span /250 ,,2230/250 )
.. Hence safe
6. Conclusion :
** The proposed platform & the support structure and its members are safe for
given revised Live loads in combination with other loads.
** The proposed connections are structurally safe.
** The proposed anchors are structurally safe.
Utilization Ratio
Rev3
Client: Al Ain Wildlife Park & Resort
Analysis & Design of Cooling Tower Support Structure .
Cooling tower-3
1 . Introduction
Structure description :
Support Structure for Back Cooling Units near stair area
The steel columns are fixed on the floor at bottom with mechanical anchor bolts
The platform top structure joints are all welded
The column are of size UB 254X146X37
main and secondary beams are UB 254X146X31
The purpose of following calculations is as listed below;
(A) To check the proposed steel supporting structure .
(B) To check the structural stability of the platform structure for all incident loads on it.
(C) To check & design proposed economical and most practical member sizes of the
supporting structure of the platform such as top beam section, support channel
from stability point of view.
(D) To check proposed anchoring arrangement for support fixing to the building structure...
Reference Documents and Design Parameters ::
1) drg.Sheikh Zayed Desert Learning Center -
AWPR-SZC-CAP-SCD-SZC-ARC-DWG-00322-00
3) All structural steel members conform to ASTM A36 / BS grade S275 steel or equivalent
4) All connection bolts conform to BS grade 8.8 or equivalent and galvanised .
mechanical anchors shall be used.
5) Concrete strength on which supports are to be fixed is assumed C40 ( 40 N/mm2 )
6) Allowable deflections : Beams L/250 cantilever L/180
16.07.2011
LINK MIDDLE EAST LIMITED
P.O. Box 16846, Dubai U.A.E.
Tel No. +971 4 8816750, Fax No. +971 4
816250
Design codes::
Design of platform steel structure has been done conforming to following codes of practice.
* BS 5950 - Part 1:2000 -Structural use of steelwork in building.
* BS 8110 -1:1997 ,BS 8110-3:1985 -Structural use of concrete
* BS 6399-1, 2 :1997 for Loading
Analysis and Design
Analysis and Design of the platform structure has been done using
STAAD Pro 2006 Analysis and Design software.
The supporting structure has been analysed for given loadings and members are
designed by STAAD Pro programme. Othet minor members have been designed manually.
For Staad design of steel members British Code BS5950-1:2000 has been used.
2 .STAAD model and Loads
Staad model:
3D view:
The structure is modeled as Space frame , with fixed suported on floor slab
Loads :
1) Dead load ( DL)
self weight of supporting steel structure is calculated by STAAD programme.
consider N100/30 serrated grating with 3 mm load bars at 30 mm c/c, self wt = 100 kg/m
Grating is welded to the top skeleton of the platform. = 1 kN/m
Equipment load is given as 3.92 ton = 39.2 kN UDL = 39.2 / area = 10 / (2.3x7.47) = 2.28 kN/m
consider 50% impact due to machine = 2.28 x 1.5 = 3.42 kN/m
Hence total dead load = 1 + 3.42 = 4.42 kN/m
Load is applied as floor load command in staad.
5% of above load is considered acting in horizontal direction X and Z = 0.05x4.42 = 0.23 kN/m
This applied as horizontal UDL on main beams
2) Live load ( LL)
consider live load = 7.5 kN/m as per BS6399 code for equipment platform..
Load is applied as floor load command in staad.
5% of above load is considered acting in horizontal direction X and Z = 0.075x5 = 0.375 kN/m
This applied as horizontal UDL on main beams
3) Wind load (WL)
Basic wind speed V
b
= 26 m/s
Site wind speed V
s
= S
a
.S
b
.S
s
.S
d
.V
b
cl. 2.2.2.1 of BS6399-2:1997
= 1x1x1x1x26 all factors considered 1.0 to be conservative
= 26 m/s
dynamic pressure q = 0.613 x V
e
2
V
e
= effective wind speed
= V
b
.S
b
for site in town terrain , ( cl.3.2.3.2.3 )
S
b
= S
c
.T
c
.{ 1+(g
t
.S
t
.T
t
) + S
h
}
S
c
: fetch factor 1.67 .. from table 22 by interpolation
S
t
: turbulance factor 0.0884 .. from table 22 by interpolation
T
c
; fetch adjustment factor 0.954 .. from table 23 by interpolation
T
t
: turbulance adjustment factor 1.08 .. from table 23 by interpolation
g
t
: gust peak factor 3.44 .. from table 24 by interpolation
S
h
: topographic increment 0 .. from cl. 3.2.3.4.1 not significant
S
b
= 1.67 x 0.954 { 1 +(3.44 x 0.0884 x 1.08) + 0} = 2.11
V
e
= 2.11 x 26 = 54.86 m/s
dynamic pressure q = 0.613 x V
e
2
= 0.613 x 54.86
2
= 1.84 kN/m
2
wind load factor Cp= 1.2
wind load =Cp x dynamic wind pressure x projected area
= Cp . q. projected area of member
for diagonal member WL = 1.2 x 1.84 x 0.08 = 0.17 kN/m
All these loads have been applied in Staad as horizontal loads.
Wind in X dir & Z directions are considered separately.
i.e WL-x & WL-z
4) Load combinations:
\ Load combinations will be as follows;
(a) Service load combination :: ( for deflections)
1.0 DL+1.0 LL
1.0DL+1.0LL+1.0WL
(b) Design load combination :: ( for design of steel members,design of connections etc.)
1.4 DL+1.6 LL
1.0DL+1.4WL
1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2WL
3 . Analysis and design of Steel Structure.
for horizontal support member WL=1.2 x 1.84 x0.20 =0.44
1.0DL+1.0WL
for vertical support member WL=1.2 x 1.84 x0.25 =0.56
Analysis and design has been done by STAAD Pro 2006 analysis and design software.
Refer Staad output:
All members are structurally safe.
4. Design of Connections
Following major connections are designed based on the forces in the connecting members.
and as per Staad Pro computer output.
* Anchor bolt Connection between column bases & concrete floor
4.1 Anchor bolt Connection between columns & concrete floor .
UB 254X146X43 is fixed to the concrete floor with M20 mechanical anchors.
Fx = 33 kN
Fy = 85 kN
Fz = 24 kN
Mz = 13.5 kNm
Use 420x320x20 thk base plate for columns.
220
50
420x320X20 thk
120 base plate
It is proposed to use 4 no. M20 mechanical anchor bolts
Actual tension in bolt = 33/4 = 8.25 kN
Actual shear in bolt = 85/4 = 21.25 kN
tensile capacity of M20 bolt = 110 kN > actual tension( 8.25kN)
shear capacity of M20 bolt = 91.9 kN > actual shear ( 21.25 kN)
End plate : ..cl.6.3.4.3, BS5950-1:2000
max moment in end plate = 2 x 8.25 x 0.05 = 0.83 kNm
Moment capacity of end plate per unit width = p
y
.t
p
/4
\Moment capacity of end plate = p
y
.b.t
p
/4
= 275 x 320 x 20 /4 = 8.80 kNm > actual moment in end plate
hence safe
Hence provided 4 no. M20 mechanical anchor bolts and the end plate are safe.
4.2 Angle Connection between UC 254x146x37mm to UC 254x146x37mm .
Fx = 35 kN
Fy = 66.52 kN
Fz =18 kN
Mz = 23 kNm
use 200x180x12mm thk connecting plate
It is proposed to use 4 no. M16 HILTI/Equivalent anchor bolts
Max tension in bolt = Fx / 4 = 35 /4 = 8.75 kN
Max shear in bolt = Fy / 4 = 66.2/4 = 16.55 kN
.
tensile capacity of M16 bolt = 70.3 kN > actual tension
shear capacity of M16 bolt = 58.9 kN > actual shear
End plate : ..cl.6.3.4.3, BS5950-1:2000
max moment in end plate = 11.6x 0.05 = 0.58kNm
Moment capacity of end plate per unit width = p
y
.t
p
/4
\Moment capacity of end plate = p
y
.b.t
p
/4
= 275 x180 x 12 /4 = 1.78 kNm > actual moment in end plate
hence safe
Hence provided 4no. M16 HILTI HEX bolts/equivalent and the end plate are safe.
5 . Deflection check.
Refer Staad output. Deflection diagram.
Max deflection = 4.62mm < 8.6 mm ( span /250 ,,2150/250 )
.. Hence safe
6. Conclusion :
** The proposed platform & the support structure and its members are safe for
given revised Live loads in combination with other loads.
** The proposed connections are structurally safe.
** The proposed anchors are structurally safe.
Utilization Ratio
Rev3
Client: Al Ain Wildlife Park & Resort
Analysis & Design of Cooling Tower Support Structure .
Cooling tower-4
1 . Introduction
Structure description :
Support Structure for Back Cooling Units near inclined wall
The steel columns are fixed on the floor at bottom with mechanical anchor bolts
The platform top structure joints are all welded
The column are of size UB 254X146X37
main and secondary beams are UB 254X146X31
The purpose of following calculations is as listed below;
(A) To check the proposed steel supporting structure .
(B) To check the structural stability of the platform structure for all incident loads on it.
(C) To check & design proposed economical and most practical member sizes of the
supporting structure of the platform such as top beam section, support channel
from stability point of view.
(D) To check proposed anchoring arrangement for support fixing to the building structure...
Reference Documents and Design Parameters ::
1) drg.Sheikh Zayed Desert Learning Center -
AWPR-SZC-CAP-SCD-SZC-ARC-DWG-00322-00
3) All structural steel members conform to ASTM A36 / BS grade S275 steel or equivalent
4) All connection bolts conform to BS grade 8.8 or equivalent and galvanised .
mechanical anchors shall be used.
5) Concrete strength on which supports are to be fixed is assumed C40 ( 40 N/mm2 )
6) Allowable deflections : Beams L/250 cantilever L/180
16.07.2011 LINK MIDDLE EAST LIMITED
P.O. Box 16846, Dubai U.A.E.
Tel No. +971 4 8816750, Fax No. +971 4
816250
Design codes::
Design of platform steel structure has been done conforming to following codes of practice.
* BS 5950 - Part 1:2000 -Structural use of steelwork in building.
* BS 8110 -1:1997 ,BS 8110-3:1985 -Structural use of concrete
* BS 6399-1, 2 :1997 for Loading
Analysis and Design
Analysis and Design of the platform structure has been done using
STAAD Pro 2006 Analysis and Design software.
The supporting structure has been analysed for given loadings and members are
designed by STAAD Pro programme. Othet minor members have been designed manually.
For Staad design of steel members British Code BS5950-1:2000 has been used.
2 .STAAD model and Loads
Staad model:
3D view:
The structure is modeled as Space frame , with fixed suported on floor slab
Loads :
1) Dead load ( DL)
self weight of supporting steel structure is calculated by STAAD programme.
consider N100/30 serrated grating with 3 mm load bars at 30 mm c/c, self wt = 100 kg/m
Grating is welded to the top skeleton of the platform. = 1 kN/m
Equipment load is given as 3.92 ton = 39.2 kN UDL = 39.2 / area = 10 / (2.3x7.47) = 2.28 kN/m
consider 50% impact due to machine = 2.28 x 1.5 = 3.42 kN/m
Hence total dead load = 1 + 3.42 = 4.42 kN/m
Load is applied as floor load command in staad.
5% of above load is considered acting in horizontal direction X and Z = 0.05x4.42 = 0.23 kN/m
This applied as horizontal UDL on main beams
2) Live load ( LL)
consider live load = 7.5 kN/m as per BS6399 code for equipment platform..
Load is applied as floor load command in staad.
5% of above load is considered acting in horizontal direction X and Z = 0.075x5 = 0.375 kN/m
This applied as horizontal UDL on main beams
3) Wind load (WL)
Basic wind speed Vb = 26 m/s
Site wind speed Vs = Sa.Sb.Ss.Sd.Vb cl. 2.2.2.1 of BS6399-2:1997
= 1x1x1x1x26 all factors considered 1.0 to be conservative
= 26 m/s
dynamic pressure q = 0.613 x Ve2 Ve = effective wind speed
= Vb.Sb
for site in town terrain , ( cl.3.2.3.2.3 )
Sb = Sc.Tc.{ 1+(gt.St.Tt) + Sh }
Sc : fetch factor 1.67 .. from table 22 by interpolation
St : turbulance factor 0.0884 .. from table 22 by interpolation
Tc ; fetch adjustment factor 0.954 .. from table 23 by interpolation
Tt : turbulance adjustment factor 1.08 .. from table 23 by interpolation
gt : gust peak factor 3.44 .. from table 24 by interpolation
Sh : topographic increment 0 .. from cl. 3.2.3.4.1not significant
Sb = 1.67 x 0.954 { 1 +(3.44 x 0.0884 x 1.08) + 0} = 2.11
Ve = 2.11 x 26 = 54.86 m/s
dynamic pressure q = 0.613 x Ve2
= 0.613 x 54.862
= 1.84 kN/m2
wind load factor Cp= 1.2
wind load =Cp x dynamic wind pressure x projected area
= Cp . q. projected area of member
for diagonal member WL = 1.2 x 1.84 x 0.08 = 0.17 kN/m
All these loads have been applied in Staad as horizontal loads.
Wind in X dir & Z directions are considered separately.
i.e WL-x & WL-z
4) Load combinations:
\ Load combinations will be as follows;
(a) Service load combination :: ( for deflections)
1.0 DL+1.0 LL
1.0DL+1.0LL+1.0WL
(b) Design load combination :: ( for design of steel members,design of connections etc.)
1.4 DL+1.6 LL
1.0DL+1.4WL
1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2WL
3 . Analysis and design of Steel Structure.
Analysis and design has been done by STAAD Pro 2006 analysis and design software.
Refer Staad output:
All members are structurally safe.
4. Design of Connections
Following major connections are designed based on the forces in the connecting members.
for horizontal support member WL=1.2 x 1.84 x0.20 =0.44
1.0DL+1.0WL
for vertical support member WL=1.2 x 1.84 x0.25 =0.56
and as per Staad Pro computer output.
* Anchor bolt Connection between column bases & concrete floor
4.1 Anchor bolt Connection between columns & concrete floor/inclined wall .
UB 254X146X43 is fixed to the concrete floor with M20 mechanical anchors.
Fx = 8.2 kN
Fy =70.8 kN
Fz = 8.5 kN
Mz = 10.2 kNm
Use 420x320x20 thk base plate for columns.
220
50
420x320X20 thk
120 base plate
It is proposed to use 4 no. M20 mechanical anchor bolts
Actual tension in bolt = 8.2/4 = 2.05 kN
Actual shear in bolt = 70.8/4 = 17.7 kN
tensile capacity of M20 bolt = 110 kN > actual tension( 1.3kN)
shear capacity of M20 bolt = 91.9 kN > actual shear ( 13.8 kN)
End plate : ..cl.6.3.4.3, BS5950-1:2000
max moment in end plate = 2 x 2.05 x 0.05 = 0.2 kNm
Moment capacity of end plate per unit width = py.tp/4
\Moment capacity of end plate = py.b.tp/4
= 275 x 320 x 20 /4 = 8.80 kNm > actual moment in end plate
hence safe
Hence provided 4 no. M20 mechanical anchor bolts and the end plate are safe.
4.2 Angle Connection between UC 254x146x37mm to UC 254x146x37mm .
Fx = 55 kN
Fy = 31.22 kN
Fz =6.3 kN
Mz = 8.0 kNm
use 200x180x12mm thk connecting plate
It is proposed to use 4 no. M16 HILTI/Equivalent anchor bolts
Max tension in bolt = Fx / 4 = 55 /4 = 13.75 kN
Max shear in bolt = Fy / 4 = 31.22/4 = 7.80 kN
.
tensile capacity of M16 bolt = 70.3 kN > actual tension
shear capacity of M16 bolt = 58.9 kN > actual shear
End plate : ..cl.6.3.4.3, BS5950-1:2000
max moment in end plate = 18.4x 0.05 = 0.92kNm
Moment capacity of end plate per unit width = py.tp/4
\Moment capacity of end plate = py.b.tp/4
= 275 x180 x 12 /4 = 1.78 kNm > actual moment in end plate
hence safe
Hence provided 4no. M16 HILTI HEX bolts/equivalent and the end plate are safe.
5 . Deflection check.
Refer Staad output. Deflection diagram.
Max deflection = 4.3mm < 8.6 mm ( span /250 ,,2150/250 )
.. Hence safe
6. Conclusion :
** The proposed platform & the support structure and its members are safe for
given revised Live loads in combination with other loads.
** The proposed connections are structurally safe.
** The proposed anchors are structurally safe.
Utilization Ratio
Rev3
Client: Al Ain Wildlife Park & Resort
Analysis & Design of Cooling Tower Support Structure .
Cooling tower-5
1 . Introduction
Structure description :
Support Structure for Back Cooling Units near inclined wall
The steel columns are fixed on the floor at bottom with mechanical anchor bolts
The platform top structure joints are all welded
The column are of size UB 254X146X37
main and secondary beams are UB 254X146X31
The purpose of following calculations is as listed below;
(A) To check the proposed steel supporting structure .
(B) To check the structural stability of the platform structure for all incident loads on it.
(C) To check & design proposed economical and most practical member sizes of the
supporting structure of the platform such as top beam section, support channel
from stability point of view.
(D) To check proposed anchoring arrangement for support fixing to the building structure...
Reference Documents and Design Parameters ::
1) drg.Sheikh Zayed Desert Learning Center -
AWPR-SZC-CAP-SCD-SZC-ARC-DWG-00322-00
3) All structural steel members conform to ASTM A36 / BS grade S275 steel or equivalent
4) All connection bolts conform to BS grade 8.8 or equivalent and galvanised .
16.07.2011 LINK MIDDLE EAST LIMITED
P.O. Box 16846, Dubai U.A.E.
Tel No. +971 4 8816750, Fax No. +971 4
816250
LINK MIDDLE EAST LIMITED
P.O. Box 16846, Dubai U.A.E.
Tel No. +971 4 8816750, Fax No. +971 4
816250
mechanical anchors shall be used.
5) Concrete strength on which supports are to be fixed is assumed C40 ( 40 N/mm2 )
6) Allowable deflections : Beams L/250 cantilever L/180
Design codes::
Design of platform steel structure has been done conforming to following codes of practice.
* BS 5950 - Part 1:2000 -Structural use of steelwork in building.
* BS 8110 -1:1997 ,BS 8110-3:1985 -Structural use of concrete
* BS 6399-1, 2 :1997 for Loading
Analysis and Design
Analysis and Design of the platform structure has been done using
STAAD Pro 2006 Analysis and Design software.
The supporting structure has been analysed for given loadings and members are
designed by STAAD Pro programme. Othet minor members have been designed manually.
For Staad design of steel members British Code BS5950-1:2000 has been used.
2 .STAAD model and Loads
Staad model:
3D view:
The structure is modeled as Space frame , with fixed suported on floor slab
Loads :
1) Dead load ( DL)
self weight of supporting steel structure is calculated by STAAD programme.
consider N100/30 serrated grating with 3 mm load bars at 30 mm c/c, self wt = 100 kg/m
Grating is welded to the top skeleton of the platform. = 1 kN/m
Equipment load is given as 3.92 ton = 39.2 kN UDL = 39.2 / area = 10 / (2.3x7.47) = 2.28 kN/m
consider 50% impact due to machine = 2.28 x 1.5 = 3.42 kN/m
Hence total dead load = 1 + 3.42 = 4.42 kN/m
Load is applied as floor load command in staad.
5% of above load is considered acting in horizontal direction X and Z = 0.05x4.42 = 0.23 kN/m
This applied as horizontal UDL on main beams
2) Live load ( LL)
consider live load = 7.5 kN/m as per BS6399 code for equipment platform..
Load is applied as floor load command in staad.
5% of above load is considered acting in horizontal direction X and Z = 0.075x5 = 0.375 kN/m
This applied as horizontal UDL on main beams
3) Wind load (WL)
Basic wind speed Vb = 26 m/s
Site wind speed Vs = Sa.Sb.Ss.Sd.Vb cl. 2.2.2.1 of BS6399-2:1997
= 1x1x1x1x26 all factors considered 1.0 to be conservative
= 26 m/s
dynamic pressure q = 0.613 x Ve2 Ve = effective wind speed
= Vb.Sb
for site in town terrain , ( cl.3.2.3.2.3 )
Sb = Sc.Tc.{ 1+(gt.St.Tt) + Sh }
Sc : fetch factor 1.67 .. from table 22 by interpolation
St : turbulance factor 0.0884 .. from table 22 by interpolation
Tc ; fetch adjustment factor 0.954 .. from table 23 by interpolation
Tt : turbulance adjustment factor 1.08 .. from table 23 by interpolation
gt : gust peak factor 3.44 .. from table 24 by interpolation
Sh : topographic increment 0 .. from cl. 3.2.3.4.1not significant
Sb = 1.67 x 0.954 { 1 +(3.44 x 0.0884 x 1.08) + 0} = 2.11
Ve = 2.11 x 26 = 54.86 m/s
dynamic pressure q = 0.613 x Ve2
= 0.613 x 54.862
= 1.84 kN/m2
wind load factor Cp= 1.2
wind load =Cp x dynamic wind pressure x projected area
= Cp . q. projected area of member
for diagonal member WL = 1.2 x 1.84 x 0.08 = 0.17 kN/m
All these loads have been applied in Staad as horizontal loads.
Wind in X dir & Z directions are considered separately.
i.e WL-x & WL-z
4) Load combinations:
\ Load combinations will be as follows;
(a) Service load combination :: ( for deflections)
1.0 DL+1.0 LL
1.0DL+1.0LL+1.0WL
(b) Design load combination :: ( for design of steel members,design of connections etc.)
1.4 DL+1.6 LL
1.0DL+1.4WL
1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2WL
3 . Analysis and design of Steel Structure.
Analysis and design has been done by STAAD Pro 2006 analysis and design software.
Refer Staad output:
All members are structurally safe.
4. Design of Connections
Following major connections are designed based on the forces in the connecting members.
and as per Staad Pro computer output.
* Anchor bolt Connection between column bases & concrete floor
for vertical support member WL=1.2 x 1.84 x0.25 =0.56
for horizontal support member WL=1.2 x 1.84 x0.20 =0.44
1.0DL+1.0WL
4.1 Anchor bolt Connection between columns & concrete floor/inclined wall .
UB 254X146X43 is fixed to the concrete floor with M20 mechanical anchors.
Fx = 20 kN
Fy =75 kN
Fz = 12.5 kN
Mz = 9.6 kNm
Use 420x320x20 thk base plate for columns.
220
50
420x320X20 thk
120 base plate
It is proposed to use 4 no. M20 mechanical anchor bolts
Actual tension in bolt = 20/4 = 5 kN
Actual shear in bolt = 75/4 = 18.75 kN
tensile capacity of M20 bolt = 110 kN > actual tension( 5kN)
shear capacity of M20 bolt = 91.9 kN > actual shear ( 18.75 kN)
End plate : ..cl.6.3.4.3, BS5950-1:2000
max moment in end plate = 2 x 5 x 0.05 = 0.5 kNm
Moment capacity of end plate per unit width = py.tp/4
\Moment capacity of end plate = py.b.tp/4
= 275 x 320 x 20 /4 = 8.80 kNm > actual moment in end plate
hence safe
Hence provided 4 no. M20 mechanical anchor bolts and the end plate are safe.
4.2 Angle Connection between UC 254x146x37mm to UC 254x146x37mm .
Fx = 74 kN
Fy = 34.8 kN
Fz =11.47 kN
Mz = 27.8 kNm
use 200x180x12mm thk connecting plate
It is proposed to use 4 no. M16 HILTI/Equivalent anchor bolts
Max tension in bolt = Fx / 4 = 74 /4 = 18.5 kN
Max shear in bolt = Fy / 4 = 34.8/4 = 8.7 kN
.
tensile capacity of M16 bolt = 70.3 kN > actual tension
shear capacity of M16 bolt = 58.9 kN > actual shear
End plate : ..cl.6.3.4.3, BS5950-1:2000
max moment in end plate = 24.67x 0.05 = 1.24kNm
Moment capacity of end plate per unit width = py.tp/4
\Moment capacity of end plate = py.b.tp/4
= 275 x180 x 12 /4 = 1.78 kNm > actual moment in end plate
hence safe
Hence provided 4no. M16 HILTI HEX bolts/equivalent and the end plate are safe.
5 . Deflection check.
Refer Staad output. Deflection diagram.
Max deflection = 3.5mm < 8.6 mm ( span /250 ,2150/250 )
.. Hence safe
6. Conclusion :
** The proposed platform & the support structure and its members are safe for
given revised Live loads in combination with other loads.
** The proposed connections are structurally safe.
** The proposed anchors are structurally safe.
Utilization Ratio
Rev3
Client: Al Ain Wildlife Park & Resort
Analysis & Design of Cooling Tower Support Structure .
Cooling tower-6
1 . Introduction
Structure description :
Support Structure for Back Cooling Units near inclined wall
The steel columns are fixed on the floor at bottom with mechanical anchor bolts
The platform top structure joints are all welded
The column are of size UB 254X146X37
main and secondary beams are UB 254X146X31
The purpose of following calculations is as listed below;
(A) To check the proposed steel supporting structure .
(B) To check the structural stability of the platform structure for all incident loads on it.
(C) To check & design proposed economical and most practical member sizes of the
supporting structure of the platform such as top beam section, support channel
from stability point of view.
(D) To check proposed anchoring arrangement for support fixing to the building structure...
Reference Documents and Design Parameters ::
1) drg.Sheikh Zayed Desert Learning Center -
AWPR-SZC-CAP-SCD-SZC-ARC-DWG-00322-00
3) All structural steel members conform to ASTM A36 / BS grade S275 steel or equivalent
16.07.2011 LINK MIDDLE EAST LIMITED
P.O. Box 16846, Dubai U.A.E.
Tel No. +971 4 8816750, Fax No. +971 4
816250
LINK MIDDLE EAST LIMITED
P.O. Box 16846, Dubai U.A.E.
Tel No. +971 4 8816750, Fax No. +971 4
816250
LINK MIDDLE EAST LIMITED
P.O. Box 16846, Dubai U.A.E.
Tel No. +971 4 8816750, Fax No. +971 4
816250
4) All connection bolts conform to BS grade 8.8 or equivalent and galvanised .
mechanical anchors shall be used.
5) Concrete strength on which supports are to be fixed is assumed C40 ( 40 N/mm2 )
6) Allowable deflections : Beams L/250 cantilever L/180
Design codes::
Design of platform steel structure has been done conforming to following codes of practice.
* BS 5950 - Part 1:2000 -Structural use of steelwork in building.
* BS 8110 -1:1997 ,BS 8110-3:1985 -Structural use of concrete
* BS 6399-1, 2 :1997 for Loading
Analysis and Design
Analysis and Design of the platform structure has been done using
STAAD Pro 2006 Analysis and Design software.
The supporting structure has been analysed for given loadings and members are
designed by STAAD Pro programme. Othet minor members have been designed manually.
For Staad design of steel members British Code BS5950-1:2000 has been used.
2 .STAAD model and Loads
Staad model:
3D view:
The structure is modeled as Space frame , with fixed suported on floor slab
Loads :
1) Dead load ( DL)
self weight of supporting steel structure is calculated by STAAD programme.
consider N100/30 serrated grating with 3 mm load bars at 30 mm c/c, self wt = 100 kg/m
Grating is welded to the top skeleton of the platform. = 1 kN/m
Equipment load is given as 3.92 ton = 39.2 kN UDL = 39.2 / area = 10 / (2.3x7.47) = 2.28 kN/m
consider 50% impact due to machine = 2.28 x 1.5 = 3.42 kN/m
Hence total dead load = 1 + 3.42 = 4.42 kN/m
Load is applied as floor load command in staad.
5% of above load is considered acting in horizontal direction X and Z = 0.05x4.42 = 0.23 kN/m
This applied as horizontal UDL on main beams
2) Live load ( LL)
consider live load = 7.5 kN/m as per BS6399 code for equipment platform..
Load is applied as floor load command in staad.
5% of above load is considered acting in horizontal direction X and Z = 0.075x5 = 0.375 kN/m
This applied as horizontal UDL on main beams
3) Wind load (WL)
Basic wind speed Vb = 26 m/s
Site wind speed Vs = Sa.Sb.Ss.Sd.Vb cl. 2.2.2.1 of BS6399-2:1997
= 1x1x1x1x26 all factors considered 1.0 to be conservative
= 26 m/s
dynamic pressure q = 0.613 x Ve2 Ve = effective wind speed
= Vb.Sb
for site in town terrain , ( cl.3.2.3.2.3 )
Sb = Sc.Tc.{ 1+(gt.St.Tt) + Sh }
Sc : fetch factor 1.67 .. from table 22 by interpolation
St : turbulance factor 0.0884 .. from table 22 by interpolation
Tc ; fetch adjustment factor 0.954 .. from table 23 by interpolation
Tt : turbulance adjustment factor 1.08 .. from table 23 by interpolation
gt : gust peak factor 3.44 .. from table 24 by interpolation
Sh : topographic increment 0 .. from cl. 3.2.3.4.1not significant
Sb = 1.67 x 0.954 { 1 +(3.44 x 0.0884 x 1.08) + 0} = 2.11
Ve = 2.11 x 26 = 54.86 m/s
dynamic pressure q = 0.613 x Ve2
= 0.613 x 54.862
= 1.84 kN/m2
wind load factor Cp= 1.2
wind load =Cp x dynamic wind pressure x projected area
= Cp . q. projected area of member
for diagonal member WL = 1.2 x 1.84 x 0.08 = 0.17 kN/m
All these loads have been applied in Staad as horizontal loads.
Wind in X dir & Z directions are considered separately.
i.e WL-x & WL-z
4) Load combinations:
\ Load combinations will be as follows;
(a) Service load combination :: ( for deflections)
1.0 DL+1.0 LL
1.0DL+1.0LL+1.0WL
(b) Design load combination :: ( for design of steel members,design of connections etc.)
1.4 DL+1.6 LL
1.0DL+1.4WL
1.2DL+1.2LL+1.2WL
3 . Analysis and design of Steel Structure.
Analysis and design has been done by STAAD Pro 2006 analysis and design software.
Refer Staad output:
All members are structurally safe.
for vertical support member WL=1.2 x 1.84 x0.25 =0.56
for horizontal support member WL=1.2 x 1.84 x0.20 =0.44
1.0DL+1.0WL
4. Design of Connections
Following major connections are designed based on the forces in the connecting members.
and as per Staad Pro computer output.
* Anchor bolt Connection between column bases & concrete floor
4.1 Anchor bolt Connection between columns & concrete floor/inclined wall .
UB 254X146X43 is fixed to the concrete floor with M20 mechanical anchors.
Fx = 8.2 kN
Fy =70.8 kN
Fz = 8.5 kN
Mz = 10.2 kNm
Use 420x320x20 thk base plate for columns.
220
50
420x320X20 thk
120 base plate
It is proposed to use 4 no. M20 mechanical anchor bolts
Actual tension in bolt = 8.2/4 = 2.05 kN
Actual shear in bolt = 70.8/4 = 17.7 kN
tensile capacity of M20 bolt = 110 kN > actual tension( 1.3kN)
shear capacity of M20 bolt = 91.9 kN > actual shear ( 13.8 kN)
End plate : ..cl.6.3.4.3, BS5950-1:2000
max moment in end plate = 2 x 2.05 x 0.05 = 0.2 kNm
Moment capacity of end plate per unit width = py.tp/4
\Moment capacity of end plate = py.b.tp/4
= 275 x 320 x 20 /4 = 8.80 kNm > actual moment in end plate
hence safe
Hence provided 4 no. M20 mechanical anchor bolts and the end plate are safe.
4.2 Angle Connection between UC 254x146x37mm to UC 254x146x37mm .
Fx = 55 kN
Fy = 31.22 kN
Fz =6.3 kN
Mz = 8.0 kNm
use 200x180x12mm thk connecting plate
It is proposed to use 4 no. M16 HILTI/Equivalent anchor bolts
Max tension in bolt = Fx / 4 = 55 /4 = 13.75 kN
Max shear in bolt = Fy / 4 = 31.22/4 = 7.80 kN
.
tensile capacity of M16 bolt = 70.3 kN > actual tension
shear capacity of M16 bolt = 58.9 kN > actual shear
End plate : ..cl.6.3.4.3, BS5950-1:2000
max moment in end plate = 18.4x 0.05 = 0.92kNm
Moment capacity of end plate per unit width = py.tp/4
\Moment capacity of end plate = py.b.tp/4
= 275 x180 x 12 /4 = 1.78 kNm > actual moment in end plate
hence safe
Hence provided 4no. M16 HILTI HEX bolts/equivalent and the end plate are safe.
5 . Deflection check.
Refer Staad output. Deflection diagram.
Max deflection = 4.6mm < 8.6 mm ( span /250 ,,2150/250 )
.. Hence safe
6. Conclusion :
** The proposed platform & the support structure and its members are safe for
given revised Live loads in combination with other loads.
** The proposed connections are structurally safe.
** The proposed anchors are structurally safe.
Utilization Ratio