Latent Heat Vaporization

012-03060C Basic Calorimetry Set
Experiment 3: Latent Heat of Vaporization
EQUIPMENT NEEDED:
— Calorimeter — Thermometer
— Steam Generator * — Water Trap
— Tubing — Balance
* If a steam generator is not available, a distillation flask and Bunsen burner is adequate. A
second flask can be used as a water trap.
Introduction
When a substance changes phase, the arrangement of its molecules changes. If the new
arrangement has a higher internal energy, the substance must absorb heat in order to make the
phase transition. Conversely, if the new arrangement has a lower internal energy, heat will be
released as the transition occurs.
In this experiment you will determine how much more energy is contained in one gram of
steam at 100°C, than in one gram of water at the same temperature. This value is called the
Latent Heat of Vaporization of water.
Procedure
➤ CAUTION: This experiment requires the use of live steam. Work carefully.
➀ Measure Trm, the room temperature.

➁ Set up a steam generator with a water trap as
shown in Figure 3.1. The tube lengths should be
approximately as shown in the figure. Tubing — 25 cm Tubing — 35 cm
➂ Weigh a calorimeter to determine Mcal, the mass

of the empty, dry calorimeter.
➃ Fill the calorimeter approximately 1/2 full of cool
water (about 10°C below room temperature). Glass tube to
restrict opening
➄ Turn on the steam generator and wait for the Water
steam to flow freely for at least a minute. Trap
CALORIMETER
➅ Measure Tinitial and Mcal + H2O, the temperature of MAX TEMP: 100°C
the cool water and the mass of the water plus P/N: 650-02975
calorimeter. Steam
Generator
➆ Immediately immerse the free end of the short
tube into the cool water in the calorimeter. Stir
the water continuously with the thermometer.
➤ IMPORTANT: The bottom of the water

trap should be kept HIGHER than the
water level in the calorimeter to avoid
water being pulled from the calorimeter Figure 3.1 Equipment Setup
back into the water trap.
9
Basic Calorimetry Set 012-03060C
➇ When the water temperature, T, gets as far above room temperature as it was initially below
room temperature (i.e. Trm - Tinitial = T - Tinitial), remove the steam tube. Continue stirring the
water and record the highest stable temperature attained by the water (Tfinal).
➤ IMPORTANT: Always remove the steam tube from the water before turning off the
steam generator heat. (Can you explain why?)
➈ Immediately weigh the water to determine Mfinal, the total mass of calorimeter plus water plus
(condensed) steam.
Data
Trm = ____________
Mcal = ____________
Tinitial = ____________
Mcal + H O = ___________
2
Tfinal = ____________
Mfinal = ____________
Calculations
When steam condenses in cool water, heat energy is released into the water in two ways.
One, the latent heat of vaporization is released. With this release of heat, the steam is con-
verted into water, but the newly converted water is still at boiling temperature, 100 °C.
Second, the newly converted water releases heat as it comes into thermal equilibrium with the
cooler water, at a final equilibrium temperature, Tfinal.
According to the principle of the conservation of energy, the total heat released by the steam
equals the total heat absorbed by the cooler water. Stated mathematically:
(Msteam) (Hv) + (Msteam) (1 cal/gm°C) (Tsteam – Tfinal) = (MH O) (1 cal/gm°C) (Tfinal – Tinitial);
2
where,
Msteam = Mfinal – Mcal + H O = __________________
2
MH O = Mcal + H O – Mcal = __________________

2 2
Tsteam = 100 °C
Hv = the Latent Heat of Vaporization per gram of water

Use your data and the above information to determine Hv , the latent heat of vaporization per
gram of water.
➤ NOTE: The thermometer also absorbs a certain amount of heat during the experiment. As
a good approximation, assume that the heat capacity of the thermometer is equivalent to
that of approximately 1 gram of water (i.e., add one gram to MH O in the above equation).
2
Hv = ____________
10
012-03060C Basic Calorimetry Set
Questions
➀ Why would a burn produced by 1 gram of steam at 100°C do more damage than a burn
caused by 1 gram of water at 100°C?
➁ Speculate on how the heat of vaporization might influence climate and weather systems.
➂ In what way does water used to cook food serve as a refrigerant?
(Hint: What happens when the water all boils away?)
11

Latent Heat Vaporization

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Latent Heat Vaporization

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Latent Heat Vaporization

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

012-03060C Basic Calorimetry Set

Experiment 3: Latent Heat of Vaporization

➀ Measure Trm, the room temperature.

➂ Weigh a calorimeter to determine Mcal, the mass

➤ IMPORTANT: The bottom of the water

MH O = Mcal + H O – Mcal = __________________

Hv = the Latent Heat of Vaporization per gram of water

You might also like