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    Anatomy and Physiology of The Colon and Rectum

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    Geraldine Gallaron - Casipong
    The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. The colon begins at the cecum and is divided into four parts - the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. The colon changes to rectal tissue in its last six inches. The colon and rectum have four layers - mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa. Mesentery connects parts of the colon and upper two-thirds of the rectum to the abdominal wall and contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes. The main functions of the colon and rectum are to absorb water and nutrients and move waste out of the body.

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    Anatomy and Physiology of The Colon and Rectum

    Uploaded by

    Geraldine Gallaron - Casipong
    190 views4 pages
    The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. The colon begins at the cecum and is divided into four parts - the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. The colon changes to rectal tissue in its last six inches. The colon and rectum have four layers - mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa. Mesentery connects parts of the colon and upper two-thirds of the rectum to the abdominal wall and contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes. The main functions of the colon and rectum are to absorb water and nutrients and move waste out of the body.

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    Anatomy and Physiology of the Colon and Rectum

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    Anatomy and Physiology of the Colon and Rectum

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    The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. The colon begins at the cecum and is divided into four parts - the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. The colon changes to rectal tissue in its last six inches. The colon and rectum have four layers - mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa. Mesentery connects parts of the colon and upper two-thirds of the rectum to the abdominal wall and contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes. The main functions of the colon and rectum are to absorb water and nutrients and move waste out of the body.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    190 views4 pages

    Anatomy and Physiology of The Colon and Rectum

    Uploaded by

    Geraldine Gallaron - Casipong
    The large intestine consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus. The colon begins at the cecum and is divided into four parts - the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. The colon changes to rectal tissue in its last six inches. The colon and rectum have four layers - mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria, and serosa. Mesentery connects parts of the colon and upper two-thirds of the rectum to the abdominal wall and contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes. The main functions of the colon and rectum are to absorb water and nutrients and move waste out of the body.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    of 4

    Anatomy and physiology of the colon and

    rectum
    The large intestine is a hollow tube that makes up the last 6 feet of the digestive tract. It is often
    referred to as the large bowel or colon (which is technically just one part of the large intestine).
    The large intestine consists of the cecum (a pouch-like structure at beginning of the large
    intestine) colon rectum and anus. The colon and rectum are ne!t to other organs including the
    spleen liver pancreas and reproductive and urinary organs. "ach of these organs can be affected
    if colorectal cancer spreads beyond the large intestine.

    #tructure
    The colon begins at the cecum where it joins the end of the small intestine (ileum). The colon
    changes to rectal tissue in its last 6 inches. $ecause there is not a clear border between the colon
    and rectum colon and rectal cancers are grouped together as colorectal cancer.

    The colon is divided into % parts&
    ascending colon ' begins at the cecum where it joins the end of the small intestine and
    travels upward along the right side of the body to the transverse colon
    transverse colon ' connects the ascending colon to the descending colon and lies across
    the upper abdomen
    descending colon ' connects the transverse colon and the sigmoid colon and lies along
    the left side of the body
    sigmoid colon ' connects the descending colon and the rectum


    The colon and rectum are made up of a number of different tissues organi(ed into layers&
    mucosa
    o inner lining (epithelium) lamina propria (connective tissue) and thin layer of
    muscle (muscularis mucosa)
    submucosa
    o connective tissue glands blood vessels lymphatic vessels and nerves
    muscularis propria (muscular layer)
    serosa (serous layer)
    o outer lining of the colon but not the rectum


    )esentery is a fold of tissue that connects organs to the body wall. *art of the colon is connected
    to the abdominal wall by mesentery. The upper two-thirds of the rectum is also covered by
    mesentery called the mesorectum. The mesentery is made up of fatty connective tissue that
    contains the blood vessels nerves lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels that supply the colon.
    +hen surgeons remove part of the colon or rectum to treat cancer in these areas they will
    remove the mesentery ne!t to these organs as well. The lymph nodes within the removed
    mesentery will be e!amined to see if they contain cancer.
    ,unction
    The main functions of the colon and rectum are to absorb water and nutrients from what we eat
    and to move food waste out of our body.
    The colon receives partially digested food in a li-uid form from the small intestine.
    $acteria (bowel flora) in the colon break down some materials into smaller parts.
    The epithelium absorbs water and nutrients. It forms the remaining waste into semi-solid
    material (feces or stool).
    The epithelium also produces mucus at the end of the digestive tract which makes it
    easier for stool to pass through the colon and rectum.
    #ections of the colon tighten and rela! (peristalsis) to move the stool to the rectum.
    The rectum is a holding area for the stool. +hen it is full it signals the brain to move the
    bowels and push the stool from the body through the anus.
    .ead more& http&//www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/colorectal/anatomy-and-
    physiology/0region1bc2i!((3!4356f78

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